Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa

礼敬彼世尊、阿罗汉、正自觉者

Suttantapiṭaka

经藏

Majjhimanikāya

中部

Mūlapaṇṇāsapāḷi

根本五十品圣典

Saṃgāyanassa pucchā vissajjanā

结集之问答

Pucchā – paṭhamamahāsaṃgītikāle [Pg.1] āvuso dhammasaṃgāhakā mahākassapādayo mahātheravarā dīghanikāyaṃ saṃgāyitvā tadanantaraṃ kiṃ nāma pāvacanaṃ saṃgāyiṃsu.

问：贤友，在第一次大结集时，诸法集者大迦叶等诸大长老，结集了长部之后，接下来结集了什么名称的教说呢？

Vissajjanā – paṭhamamahāsaṃgītikāle bhante dhammasaṃgāhakā mahākassapādayo mahātheravarā dīghanikāyaṃ saṃgāyitvā tadanantaraṃ majjhimaṃ nāma nikāyaṃ saṃgāyiṃsu.

答：尊者，在第一次大结集时，诸法集者大迦叶等诸大长老，结集了长部之后，接下来结集了名为中部的部派。

Pucchā – majjhimanikāyo [Pg.2] nāma āvuso mūlapaṇṇāsako majjhima paṇṇāsako uparipaṇṇāsakoti paṇṇāsakavasena tividho, tattha kataraṃ paṇṇāsakaṃ paṭhamaṃ saṃgāyiṃsu.

问：贤友，所谓中部，依五十品分为根本五十品、中部五十品、后五十品三种。其中哪一个五十品是最先结集的？

Vissajjanā – tīsu bhante paṇṇāsakesu mūlapaṇṇāsakaṃ nāma pāvacanaṃ dhammasaṃgāhakā mahātheravarā paṭhamaṃ saṃgāyiṃsu.

答：尊者，在三个五十品中，诸法集者大长老们最先结集了名为根本五十品的教说。

Pucchā – mūlapaṇṇāsakepi [Pg.3] āvuso pañcavaggā paṇṇāsa ca suttāni, tesu kataraṃ vaggaṃ katarañca suttaṃ paṭhamaṃ saṃgāyiṃsu.

问：贤友，在根本五十品中，有五个品和五十部经，其中最初结集的是哪个品和哪部经？

Vissajjanā – mūlapaṇṇāsake bhante pañcasu vaggesu paṭhamaṃ mūlapariyāyavaggaṃ paṇṇāsakesu ca suttesu paṭhamaṃ mūlapariyāyasuttaṃ saṃgāyiṃsu.

答：尊者，在根本五十品中，于五个品中最初结集了根本法门品；于诸经中，最初结集了《根本法门经》。

Sādhu āvuso mayampi dāni tatoyeva paṭṭhāya saṃgītipubbaṅgamāni pucchāvissajjanakiccāni kātuṃ samārabhāma.

好，贤友，我们现在就从这里开始，以结集为先导，着手进行问答之事吧。

Mūlapariyāyasutta

根本法门经

Pucchā – tena āvuso bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena mūlapariyāyasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，那位知者、见者、阿罗汉、正等觉者世尊，是在哪里、针对谁、因何事而说此《根本法门经》呢？

Vissajjanā – ukkaṭṭhāyaṃ bhante pañcasate brāhmaṇakulā pabbajite ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, pañcasatā bhante brāhmaṇakulā pabbajitā [Pg.4] bhikkhū pariyattiṃ nissāya mānaṃ uppādesuṃ, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在乌迦ṭṭhā(Ukkaṭṭhā)，针对五百位出身婆罗门家族的出家者而说。尊者，有五百位出身婆罗门家族的比丘，因学习教理而生起我慢，此经即是因此事而说。

Pucchā – taṃ panāvuso suttaṃ bhagavatā katihi vārehi katihi ca antogadhapadehi vibhajitvā bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊是以几种方式、多少内含句来分别解说此经的呢？

Vissajjanā – taṃ [Pg.5] pana bhante mūlapariyāyasuttaṃ bhagavatā aṭṭhahi ca vārehi catuvīsatiyā ca antogadhapadehi vibhajitvā desitaṃ.

答：尊者，世尊是以八种方式和二十四个内含句来分别开示这部《根本法门经》的。

Sabbāsavasutta

一切漏经

Pucchā – dutiyaṃ panāvuso sabbāsavasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊所说的第二部《一切漏经》，是在哪里，针对谁而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sabbāsavasuttaṃ pana bhante bhagavatā sāvatthiyaṃ sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，《一切漏经》是世尊在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)针对众多比丘所说的。

Pucchā – tatthāvuso [Pg.6] bhagavatā āsavā katihi pakārehi vibhajitvā dassitā.

问：贤友，在此，世尊以几种方式来区分和开示诸漏？

Vissajjanā – sattahi bhante pakārehi vibhajitvā āsavā bhagavatā pakāsitā.

答：尊者，世尊以七种方式分别阐述了诸漏。

Dhammadāyādasutta

法嗣经

Pucchā – dhammadāyādasuttaṃ [Pg.7] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊所说的《法嗣经》是在哪里、针对谁、基于什么事而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, bhagavato ca bhante bhikkhusaṅghassa ca tadā mahālābhasakkāro udapādi, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在舍卫城，针对众多比丘所说的。尊者，当时世尊和比丘僧团获得了极大的利养和恭敬。尊者，此经就是针对此事而说的。

Pucchā – tatthāvuso [Pg.9] dve anusandhayo, tesu paṭhame anusandhimhi kathaṃ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ ovādo dinno.

问：贤友，此经中有两个连结。在第一个连结中，世尊是如何教诫比丘们的呢？

Vissajjanā – paṭhame bhante anusandhimhi dhammadāyādā me bhikkhave bhavatha mā āmisadāyādā, atthi me tumhesu anukampā, kinti me sāvakā dhammadāyādā bhaveyyuṃ no āmisadāyādāti evamādinā bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ ovādo dinno.

答：尊者，在第一个连结中，世尊以此等话语教诫比丘们说：“比丘们，你们应当成为我的法的继承者，不要成为物质的继承者。我对你们有怜悯心，（心想：）‘如何能让我的弟子们成为法的继承者，而非物质的继承者呢？’”

Dhammadāyādā [Pg.11] me bhikkhave bhavatha mā āmisadāyādā, atthi me tumhesu anukampā kinti me sāvakā dhammadāyādā bhaveyyuṃ, no āmisadāyādā.

“比丘们，你们应当成为我的法的继承者，不要成为物质的继承者。我对你们有怜悯心，（心想：）‘如何能让我的弟子们成为法的继承者，而非物质的继承者呢？’”

Pucchā – dutiye [Pg.12] panāvuso anusandhimhi āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā kīdisī dhammadesanā vibhajitvā pakāsitā.

问：贤友，在第二个连结中，具寿舍利弗长老、法将是如何分别开示佛法的？

Vissajjanā – dutiye pana bhante anusandhimhi āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakānaṃ vivekaṃ ananusikkhataṃ tīhi ṭhānehi gārayutaṃ, anusikkhantānañca tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃsataṃ, soḷasa ca pāpake dhamme tesañca pahānāya majjhimā paṭipadā vibhajitvā pakāsitā.

答：尊者，在第二个连结中，具寿舍利弗长老、法将，分别开示了：当导师住于独处时，以三事呵责不随学远离的弟子，以三事赞叹随学远离的弟子，以及十六种恶法和为断除它们的中道。

Bhayabheravasutta

怖畏经

Pucchā – bhayabheravasuttaṃ [Pg.13] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊所说的《怖畏经》，是在哪里、为了谁、基于什么事而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante jāṇussoṇiṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, jāṇussoṇi bhante brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca ‘‘ye me bho gotama kulaputtā bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ uddissa saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitā, bhavaṃ tesaṃ gotamo pubbaṅgamo, bhavaṃ

答：尊者，在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，是针对阇奴索尼(Jāṇussoṇi)婆罗门说的。尊者，阇奴索尼婆罗门来到世尊面前，这样说道：“乔达摩啊，那些为了您乔达摩，以信从在家出家至无家的良家子，您乔达摩是他们的先导，您……”

Tesaṃ [Pg.14] gotamo bahukāro, bhavaṃ tesaṃ gotamo samādapetā, bhoto ca pana gotamassa sā janatā diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjatī’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

“您乔达摩对他们多有助益，您乔达摩劝导他们，而且那些民众都随顺您乔达摩的见解。”尊者，就是基于这个事而说的。

Anaṅgaṇasutta

无垢经

Pucchā – anaṅgaṇasuttaṃ [Pg.15] panāvuso kattha kaṃ ārabbha kena bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，这部《无垢经》是在哪里、为了谁、由谁说的？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，是法将具寿舍利弗长老针对众多比丘所说。

Ākaṅkheyyasutta

希求经

Pucchā – ākaṅkheyyasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊是在哪里、为了谁说了这部《希求经》呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，是针对众多比丘所说。

Vatthasutta

布喻经

Pucchā – vatthasuttaṃ [Pg.16] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊是在哪里、为了谁说了这部《布喻经》呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，是针对众多比丘所说。

Sallekhasutta

削减经

Pucchā – sallekhasuttaṃ [Pg.17] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊是在哪里、为了谁、基于什么事说了这部《削减经》呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ mahācundaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, āyasmā mahācundo bhante bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca ‘‘yā imā bhante anekavihitā diṭṭhiyo loke uppajjanti, attavādapaṭisaṃyuttā vā lokavādapaṭisaṃyuttā vā, ādimeva nu kho bhante bhikkhuno manasikaroto evametāsaṃ diṭṭhīnaṃ pahānaṃ hoti, evametāsaṃ diṭṭhīnaṃ paṭinissaggo hotī’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，是针对具寿大纯陀(Mahācunda)所说。尊者，具寿大纯陀来到世尊面前，这样说道：“尊者，世间生起的这些种种见，或与我论相应，或与世间论相应，比丘是否在最初作意时，就能舍断、就能放下这些见呢？”尊者，就是基于这个事而说的。

Pucchā – tattha [Pg.18] ca āvuso kati pariyāyā kati ca antogadhapadāni bhagavatā vibhajitvā pakāsitāni.

问：贤友，在那里，世尊分别开示了多少法门和多少内含的文句呢？

Vissajjanā – tattha bhante pañca pariyāyā catucattālīsa ca antogadhapadāni bhagavatā vitthārena bhāsitāni.

答：尊者，在那里，世尊详细说了五种法门和四十四句内含的文句。

Sammāṭṭhisutta

正见经

Pucchā – sammādiṭṭhisuttaṃ [Pg.19] panāvuso kattha kaṃ ārabbha kena bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，此《正见经》于何处，针对何人，由谁所说？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，于舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，由法将具寿舍利弗长老，针对众多比丘所说。

Pucchā – kassa āvuso vacanaṃ.

问：贤友，此是何人之言？

Vissajjanā – bhagavato bhante vacanaṃ arahato sammāsambuddhassa.

答：尊者，此是世尊、阿罗汉、正等觉者之言。

Pucchā – kenāvuso ābhataṃ.

问：贤友，此由谁所传来？

Vissajjanā – paramparāya bhante ābhataṃ.

答：尊者，此乃依传承而来。

Mahāsatipaṭṭhānasutta

大念处经

Pucchā – mahāsatipaṭṭhānasuttaṃ [Pg.20] panāvuso yogāvacarānaṃ bahupakārattā dīghanikāye ca idha cāti dvīsu nikāyesu porāṇakehi saṃgītikārehi dvikkhattuṃ saṃgāyitvā vitthārena patiṭṭhāpitaṃ, taṃ amhehi dīghanikāye yathānuppattavasena pucchitañca vissajjitañca. Tathāpi yogāvacarānaṃ bahupakārattāyeva taṃ [Pg.21] idānipi yathānuppattavasena puna pucchissāmi, taṃ panetaṃ āvuso mahāsatipaṭṭhānasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，《大念处经》对修行者有大利益，故为古代结集者于《长部》与此二部中两次结集，广为确立。我等已于《长部》中依其出现次第问答。虽然如此，为令修行者得大利益，如今我将再依其出现次第提问。贤友，此《大念处经》是世尊于何处、针对何人所说？

Vissajjanā – kurūsu bhante kammāsadhamme nāma kurūnaṃ nigame sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，于拘卢国(Kurūsu)，一名为剑磨瑟昙(Kammāsadhamma)的市镇，针对众多比丘所说。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.22] tattha ānāpānassati kāyānupassanā bhagavatā vibhajitvā pakāsitā.

问：贤友，世尊于彼处，是如何分别开示入出息念身随观的？

Vissajjanā – idha bhikkhave bhikkhu araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā suññāgāragato vā nisīdati pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā so satova assasati, satova passasati, dīghaṃ vā assasanto ‘dīghaṃ assasāmī’ti pajānāti, dīghaṃ vā passasanto ‘dīghaṃ passasāmī’ti pajānāti, evamādinā bhante tattha ānāpānassati kāyānupassanā bhagavatā vibhajitvā pakāsitā.

答：诸比丘，于此，比丘前往林野、或至树下、或至空闲处，结跏趺坐，正直其身，置念于面前。彼具念而入息，具念而出息。入息长时，了知“我入息长”；出息长时，了知“我出息长”。如是等。尊者，世尊于彼处即如是分别开示了入出息念身随观。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.23] tattha iriyāpathakāyānupassanā bhagavatā vibhajitvā pakāsitā.

问：贤友，世尊于彼处，是如何分别开示威仪路身随观的？

Vissajjanā – puna caparaṃ bhikkhave bhikkhu gacchanto vā gacchāmīti pajānāti, ṭhito vā ṭhitomhīti pajānāti, nisinno vā nisinnomhīti pajānāti, sayāno vā sayānomhīti pajānāti, evamādinā bhante bhagavatā iriyāpathakāyānupassanā bhāvanā vibhajitvā pakāsitā.

答：诸比丘，再者，比丘行走时，了知“我行走”；站立时，了知“我站立”；坐时，了知“我坐”；卧时，了知“我卧”。如是等。尊者，世尊即如是分别开示了威仪路身随观的修习。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.24] tattha sampajaññakāyānupassanā bhagavatā vibhajitvā pakāsitā.

问：贤友，世尊于彼处，是如何分别开示正知身随观的？

Vissajjanā – puna caparaṃ bhikkhave bhikkhu abhikkante paṭikkante sampajānakārī hoti, ālokite vilokite sampajānakārī hoti, samiñjite pasārite sampajānakārī hoti, saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇe sampajānakārī hoti, asite pīte khāyite sāyite sampajānakārī hoti, uccārapassāvakamme sampajānakārī hoti, gate ṭhite nisinne sutte jāgarite bhāsite tuṇhībhāve sampajānakārī hoti, evamādinā bhante bhagavatā tattha sampajaññakāyānupassanā vibhajitvā pakāsitā.

答：诸比丘，再者，比丘于前进后退时，保持正知；于前瞻后顾时，保持正知；于屈伸时，保持正知；于穿僧伽梨、持衣钵时，保持正知；于食、饮、嚼、尝时，保持正知；于大小便时，保持正知；于行、住、坐、卧、醒、语、默时，保持正知。如是等。尊者，世尊于彼处即如是分别开示了正知身随观。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.26] tattha paṭikūlamanasikārakāyānupassanā bhagavatā vibhajitvā pakāsitā.

问：贤友，世尊于彼处，是如何分别开示不净作意身随观的？

Vissajjanā – puna caparaṃ bhikkhave bhikkhu imameva kāyaṃ uddhaṃ pādatalā adho kesamatthakā tacapariyantaṃ pūraṃ nānappakārassa asucino paccavekkhati atthi imasmiṃ kāye kesālomā nakhā dantā taco evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā paṭikūlamanasikārakāyānupassanā vibhajitvā pakāsitā.

答：诸比丘，再者，比丘观察此身，自脚底而上，自发顶而下，周匝皮肤，充满种种不净。此身中有：发、毛、爪、齿、皮。如是等。尊者，世尊于彼处即如是分别开示了不净作意身随观。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.27] tattha dhātumanasikārakāyānupassanā bhagavatā vibhajitvā pakāsitā.

问：贤友，世尊于彼处，是如何分别开示界作意身随观的？

Vissajjanā – puna caparaṃ bhikkhave bhikkhu imameva kāyaṃ yathāṭhitaṃ yathāpaṇihitaṃ dhātuso paccavekkhati atthi imasmiṃ kāye pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātu evamādinā bhante bhagavatā dhātumanasikārakāyānupassanā vibhajitvā pakāsitā.

答：诸比丘，再者，比丘即于此身，如其所住，如其所置，依界观察：此身中有地界、水界、火界、风界。如是等。尊者，世尊即如是分别开示了界作意身随观。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.28] tattha nava sivathikakāyānupassanā bhagavatā vibhajitvā pakāsitā.

问：贤友，世尊于彼处，是如何分别开示九种墓地身随观的？

Vissajjanā – puna caparaṃ bhikkhave bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ ekāhamataṃ vā dvīhamataṃ vā tīhamataṃ vā uddhumātakaṃ vinīlakaṃ vipubbakajātaṃ so imameva kāyaṃ upasaṃharati ‘‘ayampi kho kāyo evaṃdhammo evaṃbhāvī evaṃanatīto’’ti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā nava sivathikakāyānupassanā bhāvanā vibhajitvā pakāsitā.

答：诸比丘，再者，犹如比丘得见弃于墓地之尸，死后一日、二日或三日，膨胀、青瘀、脓烂。彼即以此比对自身：“此身亦有如是法，成如是性，不越乎此。”如是等。尊者，世尊于彼处即如是分别开示了九种墓地身随观的修习。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.29] tattha vedanānupassanā bhagavatā vibhajitvā desitā.

问：贤友，世尊于彼处，是如何分别开示受随观的？

Vissajjanā – idha bhikkhave bhikkhu sukhaṃ vā vedanaṃ vedayamāno ‘‘sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī’’ti pajānāti, dukkhaṃ vā vedanaṃ vedayamāno ‘‘dukkha vedanaṃ vedayāmī’’ti pajānāti, adukkhamasukhaṃ vā vedanaṃ vedayamāno ‘‘adukkhamasukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī’’ti pajānāti, evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā vedanānupassanā vibhajitvā pakāsitā.

答：诸比丘，于此，比丘感受乐受时，了知“我感受乐受”；感受苦受时，了知“我感受苦受”；感受不苦不乐受时，了知“我感受不苦不乐受”。如是等。尊者，世尊于彼处即如是分别开示了受随观。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.30] tattha cittānupassanā bhagavatā vibhajitvā desitā.

问：贤友，世尊于彼处，是如何分别开示心随观的？

Vissajjanā – idha bhikkhave bhikkhu sarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘‘sarāgaṃ citta’’nti pajānāti, vītarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘‘vītarāgaṃ citta’’nti pajānāti, sadosaṃ vā vītadosaṃ vā samohaṃ vā vītamohaṃ vā saṃkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘‘saṃkhittaṃ citta’’nti pajānāti, vikkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ ‘‘vikkhittaṃ citta’’nti pajānāti, evamādinā tattha bhagavatā cittānupassanā vibhajitvā pakāsitā.

回答——诸比丘，在此，比丘了知有贪的心为“有贪的心”，了知离贪的心为“离贪的心”；了知有嗔的心，了知离嗔的心；了知有痴的心，了知离痴的心；了知收敛的心为“收敛的心”，了知散乱的心为“散乱的心”。世尊正是以如此等等的方式，在那里分别阐明了心随观。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.31] tattha dhammānupassanā bhagavatā vibhajitvā desitā, taṃ saṅkhepamatteneva vissajjehi.

提问——贤友，世尊在那里如何分别开示法随观？请简要回答。

Vissajjanā – idha bhikkhave bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, pañcasu nīvaraṇesu evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā pañcahi pabbehi dhammānupassanā vibhajitvā pakāsitā.

回答——“诸比丘，在此，比丘于诸法住于法随观，于五盖等。”尊者，世尊在那里以五个段落分别阐明了法随观。

Cūḷasīhanādasutta

小狮子吼经

Pucchā – cūḷanasīhanādasuttaṃ [Pg.32] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，世尊的《小狮子吼经》是在哪里，针对谁，因何事而说？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante parihīnalābhasakkāre nānātitthiye ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, nānātitthiyā bhante parihīnalābhasakkārā tesu tesu ṭhānesu parideviṃsu, catasso ca bhante parisā bhagavato ekamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

回答——尊者，此经是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对失去利养与恭敬的各种外道而说。尊者，那些失去利养与恭敬的各种外道，在各个地方悲叹。尊者，四众弟子向世尊禀告了此事。尊者，此经就是因这件事而说。

Mahāsīhanādasutta

大狮子吼经

Pucchā – tenāvuso [Pg.34] bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena mahāsīhanādasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者世尊所说的《大狮子吼经》，是在哪里、针对谁、因何事而说？

Vissajjanā – vesāliyaṃ bhante sunakkhattaṃ licchaviputtaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, sanukkhatto bhante licchaviputto acirapakkanto hoti imasmā dhammavinayā, so vesāliyaṃ parisati evaṃ vācaṃ bhāsati [Pg.35] ‘‘natthi samaṇassa gotamassa uttarimanussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanaviseso, takkapariyāhataṃ samaṇo gotamo dhammaṃ deseti vīmaṃsānucaritaṃ sayaṃ paṭibhānaṃ. Yassa ca khvāssa atthāya dhammo desito, so niyyāti takkarassa sammā dukkhakkhayāyā’’ti, etamatthaṃ bhante āyasmā sāriputto bhagavato ārocesi, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

回答——尊者，此经是在毗舍离(Vesālī)，针对离车之子善宿(Sunakkhatta Licchaviputta)而说。尊者，离车之子善宿不久前才从这法与律中退出，他在毗舍离的会众中说了这样的话：“沙门乔达摩没有超人法，没有圣知见的特别之处。沙门乔达摩所教导的法是基于推论，随考察而行，由自己的辩才所显；他为某个目的所说的法，能引导实行者正确地灭尽痛苦。”尊者，具寿舍利弗将此事禀告了世尊。尊者，此经就是因这件事而说。

Pucchā – kati [Pg.36] panāvuso tattha bhagavatā tathāgatassa tathāgatabalāni vibhajitvā pakāsitāni, yehi balehi samannāgato tathāgato āsabhaṃ ṭhānaṃ paṭijānāti, parisāsu sīhanādaṃ nadati, brahmacakkaṃ pavatteti.

提问——贤友，世尊在那里分别阐明了如来的多少种如来力？如来具足这些力量，才自称最上牛王之位，在会众中作狮子吼，转梵轮。

Vissajjanā – dasa bhante tathāgatassa tathāgatabalāni bhagavatā vibhajitvā pakāsitāni, yehi balehi samannāgato tathāgato āsabhaṃ ṭhānaṃ paṭijānāti, parisāsu sīhanādaṃ nadati, brahmacakkaṃ pavatteti.

回答——尊者，世尊分别阐明了如来的十种如来力。如来具足这些力量，才自称最上牛王之位，在会众中作狮子吼，转梵轮。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.39] tattha bhagavatā catuverajjañāṇāni vibhajitvā pakāsitāni, yehi vesārajjehi samannāgato tathāgato āsabhaṃ ṭhānaṃ paṭijānāti, parisāsu sīhanādaṃ nadati, brahmacakkaṃ pavatteti.

提问——贤友，世尊在那里是如何分别阐明四无畏智的？如来具足这些无畏，才自称最上牛王之位，在会众中作狮子吼，转梵轮。

Vissajjanā – khīṇāsavassa te paṭijānato ime āsavā aparikkhīṇāti tatra vata maṃ samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā devo vā māro vā brahmā vā koci vā lokasmiṃ sahadhammena paṭicodessatīti nimittametaṃ sāriputta na samanupassāmi, etamahaṃ sāriputta nimittaṃ asamanupassanto khemappatto abhayappatto vesārajjappatto viharāmi. Evamādinā bhante tattha catuvesārajjañāṇāni bhagavatā vitthārena vibhajitvā pakāsitāni.

回答——“舍利弗，我自称诸漏已尽，于此，若有沙门、婆罗门、天、魔、梵天或世间任何众生，能以正法指责我说：‘你的这些漏尚未灭尽’，我未曾见到有此根据。舍利弗，我因未见此根据，故得安稳，得无畏，得无所畏而住。”尊者，世尊正是以如此等等的方式，详细分别阐明了四无畏智。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.41] tattha bhagavatā pañcagatiparicchedañāṇaṃ vibhajitvā pakāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，世尊在那里是如何分别阐明五趣分别智的？

Vissajjanā – pañca kho imā sāriputta gatiyo, katamā pañca, nirayo tiracchānayoni pettivisayo manussā devā, evamādinā bhante bhagavatā tattha pañcagatiparicchedakañāṇaṃ vibhajitvā pakāsitaṃ.

回答——“舍利弗，有此五趣。是哪五种？地狱、畜生道、饿鬼界、人、天。”尊者，世尊在那里正是以如此等等的方式，分别阐明了五趣分别智。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.43] tattha tathāgato attano paññāveyyattiyā aparihāniṃ pakāsesi.

提问——贤友，如来在那里如何宣示自己的智慧卓越性毫不退失？

Vissajjanā – santi kho pana sāriputta eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino yāvadevāyaṃ bhavaṃ puriso daharo hoti, evamādinā bhante tattha tathāgato attano paññāveyyattiyā aparihāniṃ pakāsesi.

回答——“舍利弗，确实有一些沙门婆罗门，他们这样说，持有这样的见解：‘只要一个人年轻时……’”尊者，如来正是以如此等等的方式，在那里宣示自己智慧的卓越性毫不退失。

Mahādukkhakkhandhasutta

大苦蕴经

Pucchā – mahādukkhakkhandhasuttaṃ [Pg.45] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊所说的《大苦蕴经》，是在哪里、针对谁、基于什么事情而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante aññatitthiye ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, sambahulā bhante aññatitthiyā bhikkhū etadavocuṃ ‘‘samaṇo āvuso gotamo kāmānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapeti, mayampi kāmānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapema, samaṇo āvuso gotamo rūpānaṃ [Pg.46] vedanānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapeti, mayampi rūpānaṃ vedanānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapema, idha no āvuso ko viseso, ko adhippayāso, kiṃ nānākaraṇaṃ samaṇassa vā gotamassa amhākaṃ vā yadidaṃ dhammadesanāya vā dhammadesanaṃ anusāsaniyā vā anusāsani’’nti, etamatthaṃ bhikkhū bhagavato ārocesuṃ, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答——尊者，这是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)针对其他外道说的。尊者，众多外道比丘这样说：“贤友，沙门乔达摩宣说对欲的遍知，我们也宣说对欲的遍知；贤友，沙门乔达摩宣说对色、受的遍知，我们也宣说对色、受的遍知。贤友，我们之间有什么差别？有什么意趣？有什么不同？无论是沙门乔达摩的说法，还是我们的说法；无论是他的教诫，还是我们的教诫？”比丘们将此事禀告了世尊。尊者，正是针对这件事而说的。

Cūḷadukkhakkhandhasutta

小苦蕴经

Pucchā – cūḷadukkhakkhandhasuttaṃ [Pg.47] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊所说的《小苦蕴经》，是在哪里、针对谁、基于什么事情而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante kapilavatthusmiṃ mahānāmaṃ sakkaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, mahānāmo bhante sakko bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca ‘‘dīgharattāhaṃ bhante bhagavatā evaṃ dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi ‘lobho cittassa upakkileso, doso cittassa upakkileso, moho cittassa upakkileso’ti, evañcāhaṃ bhante bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi ‘lobho cittassa upakkileso, doso cittassa upakkileso, moho cittassa upakkileso’ti. Atha ca pana me ekadā lobhadhammāpi cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhanti, dosadhammāpi cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhanti, mohadhammāpi cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhanti, tassa mayhaṃ bhante evaṃ hoti ‘ko su nāma me dhammo ajjhattaṃ appahino[Pg.48], yena me ekadā lobhadhammāpi cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhanti, dosadhammāpi cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhanti, mohadhammāpi cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhantī’ti’’, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答——尊者，这是在释迦族的迦毗罗卫(Kapilavatthu)，针对释迦族人摩诃男(Mahānāma)所说。尊者，释迦族人摩诃男去拜访世尊，然后这样说：“尊者，我长久以来都知道世尊是这样说法：‘贪是心的杂染，嗔是心的杂染，痴是心的杂染。’尊者，我虽然这样知道世尊所说的法：‘贪是心的杂染，嗔是心的杂染，痴是心的杂染’，然而有时贪法会占据我的心，嗔法也会占据我的心，痴法也会占据我的心。尊者，我心里就想：‘到底有什么法我还没有在内心舍弃，以至于有时贪法、嗔法、痴法会占据我的心呢？’”尊者，这是关于这件事所说。

Anumānasutta

推量经

Pucchā – anumānasuttaṃ [Pg.49] panāvuso kattha kaṃ ārabbha kena bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，这《推量经》是在哪里、针对谁、由谁所说？

Vissajjanā – bhaggesu bhante susumāragire bhesakaḷāvane āyasmatā mahāmoggallānattherena sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在跋耆国(Bhaggesu)的鳄鱼山(Susumāragira)、药师林(Bhesakaḷāvane)中，由具寿大目犍连长老针对众多比丘所说。

Cetokhilasutta

心荒芜经

Pucchā – cetokhilasuttaṃ [Pg.50] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊是在哪里、针对谁而说《心荒芜经》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)针对众多比丘所说。

Vanapatthasutta

林野经

Pucchā – vanapatthasuttaṃ [Pg.53] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊是在哪里、针对谁而说《林野经》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在舍卫城针对众多比丘所说。

Madhupiṇḍikasutta

蜜丸经

Pucchā – madhupiṇḍikasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊是在哪里、针对谁、以何事而说《蜜丸经》？

Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante daṇḍapāṇiṃ sakkaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, daṇḍapāṇi bhante sakko bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca ‘‘kiṃ vādī samaṇo kimakkhāyī’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在释迦族(Sakkesu)中，针对持杖释迦人(Daṇḍapāṇi Sakka)所说。尊者，持杖释迦人前来拜见世尊，说道：“沙门是何论者？宣说何法？”尊者，此经是因此事而说。

Dvedhāvitakkasutta

二分寻经

Pucchā – dvedhāvitakkasuttaṃ [Pg.56] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊是在哪里、针对谁而说《二分寻经》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在舍卫城针对众多比丘所说。

Vitakkasaṇṭhānasutta

寻止息经

Pucchā – vitakkasaṇṭhānasuttaṃ [Pg.57] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊是在哪里、针对谁而说《寻止息经》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在舍卫城针对众多比丘所说。

Kakacūpamasutta

锯喻经

Pucchā – tenāvuso [Pg.58] bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena kakacūpamasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，彼世尊……乃至……正自觉者所说之《锯喻经》，是在哪里、针对谁、以何事而说？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ moḷiyaphaggunaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, āyasmā bhante moḷiyaphagguno bhikkhunīhi saddhiṃ [Pg.59] ativelaṃ saṃsaṭṭho viharati, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在舍卫城，针对具寿茅利耶普瞿那(Moḷiyaphagguna)所说。尊者，具寿茅利耶普瞿那与比丘尼们过度交往而住，尊者，此经是因此事而说。

Pucchā – atha [Pg.61] kho āvuso āyasmato moḷiyaphaggunassa taṃ bhagavato ovādaṃ sutvā kathaṃ cittaṃ uppannaṃ, kathañja bhagavā uttari bhikkhūna ovādamadāsi.

问：贤友，具寿茅利耶普瞿那听闻世尊的教诫后，生起何心？世尊又如何进一步教诫诸比丘？

Vissajjanā – atha kho bhante moḷiyaphaggunassa bhagavato imaṃ ovādaṃ sutvā bhikkhunisaṃsaggato oramissāmi viramissāmītipi cittaṃ na uppannaṃ, asaṃvarameva bhante cittaṃ uppannaṃ, bhagavā ca bhante ārādhayiṃsu vata me bhikkhave bhikkhū ekaṃ samayaṃ cittaṃ, evamādinā uttari bhikkhūnaṃ ovādamadāsi.

答：尊者，具寿茅利耶普瞿那听闻世尊此教诫后，并未生起“我将停止、远离与比丘尼交往”之心，尊者，反而生起了不防护之心。尊者，世尊以“诸比丘，曾于一时，诸比丘令我心喜悦”等语，进一步教诫诸比丘。

Ubhato [Pg.64] daṇḍakena cepi bhikkhave kakacena corā ocarakā aṅgamaṅgāni okanteyyuṃ.

诸比丘，即使盗贼、匪徒用两端带柄的锯子，一节一节地锯断你们的肢体。

Alagaddūpamasutta

蛇本行

Pucchā – alagaddūpamasuttaṃ [Pg.65] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊在何处，为了谁，基于什么事宣说了《蛇《本行》》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante ariṭṭhaṃ bhikkhuṃ gaddhabādhipubbaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, ariṭṭhassa bhante bhikkhuno gaddhabādhipubbassa evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ ‘‘tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājādāmi, yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā, te paṭisevato nālaṃ antarāyāyā’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对曾为秃鹰训练师的阿利咤(Ariṭṭha)比丘而说。尊者，曾为秃鹰训练师的阿利咤比丘生起如此恶见：“我如此了知世尊所说之法，即世尊所说的那些障碍法，行此等法者，不足以为障碍。”尊者，此经是因此事而说。

Pucchā – atha [Pg.68] kho āvuso āyasmato ariṭṭhassa gaddhabādhipubbassa kathaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi, kathañca bhagavā uttari bhikkhunaṃ dhammadesanaṃ pavattesi.

问：贤友，曾为秃鹰训练师的具寿阿利咤心中生起了怎样的思惟？世尊又是如何进一步为比丘们开示教法的？

Vissajjanā – atha kho bhante ariṭṭhassa bhikkhuno gaddhabādhipubbassa ‘‘kiñcāpi maṃ bhagavā moghapurisavādena vadesi, na kho pana me maggaphalānaṃ upanissayo na hoti, svāhaṃ ārabhitvā ghaṭṭetvā maggaphalāni nibbattessāmī’’ti, evaṃ kho bhante cetaso parivitakko udapādi, bhagavā ca bhante duppaññassa alagaddūpamaṃ dassetvā alagaddūpamaṃ pariyattiñca dassetvā paññavato alagaddūpamāya ca kullūpamāya ca paññavato nissaraṇapariyattiṃ dassetvā cha ca diṭṭhiṭṭhānāni, tesañca channaṃ diṭṭhiṭṭhānānaṃ viniveṭhanākāraṃ dassetvā pariyosāne ca khandhakammaṭṭhānaṃ arahattanikūṭena dassetvā uttari bhikkhūnaṃ dhammakathaṃ pavattesi.

答：尊者，当时曾为秃鹰训练师的阿利咤比丘心中生起如此思惟：“即使世尊以无用之人称呼我，我也并非没有道果的依止，我将发起精进、努力，必能成就道果。”尊者，世尊为无慧者开示了蛇譬喻及蛇譬喻的教理；为有慧者开示了蛇譬喻和筏譬喻，以及出离的教理；并开示了六种见处，以及去除此六种见处的方法；最后以蕴业处，并以阿罗汉果为顶峰作结，进一步为比丘们宣说法要。

Vammikasutta

蚁塚经

Pucchā – dhammikasuttaṃ [Pg.73] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊在何处，为了谁，基于什么事宣说了《蚁塚经》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ kumārakassapaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante kumārakassapo bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā vammikapañhaṃ pucchi, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在舍卫城，针对具寿鸠摩罗迦叶(Kumārakassapa)而说。尊者，具寿鸠摩罗迦叶前往世尊处，询问了蚁塚之问，此经是因此事而说。

Rathavinītasutta

传车经

Pucchā – rathavinītasuttaṃ [Pg.74] panāvuso kattha kena bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，那么，这部《传车经》是在哪里由谁所说？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmatā ca sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā āyasmatā ca puṇṇena mantāṇiputtena aññamaññaṃ pucchāvissajjanavasena bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，由法将具寿舍利弗长老和具寿满慈子富楼那(Puṇṇa Mantāṇiputta)长老以互相问答的形式所说。

Nivāpasutta

诱饵经

Pucchā – nivāpasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊是在哪里、针对谁而说这部《诱饵经》的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在舍卫城，针对众多比丘所说。

Pucchā – imasmiṃ [Pg.77] āvuso sutte ko nivāpo ko nevāpiko kā nevāpikaparisā kā migajātā kathañcetissā upamāya attho daṭṭhabbo.

问：贤友，此经中什么是诱饵？什么是投饵者？什么是投饵者之众？什么是鹿群？此譬喻的意义应如何理解？

Vissajjanā – imasmiṃ bhante sutte nivāpoti kho bhante pañcannetaṃ kāmaguṇānaṃ adhivacanaṃ, nevāpikoti kho bhante mārassetaṃ pāpimato adhivacanaṃ, nevāpikaparisāti kho bhante māraparisāyetaṃ adhivacanaṃ, migajātāti kho bhante samaṇabrāhmaṇānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ, imasmiṃ bhante sutte etassa attho evaṃ daṭṭhabbo.

答：尊者，在此经中，“诱饵”是五种欲乐的同义词，“投饵者”是恶者魔罗的同义词，“投饵者之众”是魔众的同义词，“鹿群”是沙门、婆罗门的同义词。尊者，此经的意义应如是理解。

Pāsarāsisutta

罗网堆经

Pucchā – kenāvuso [Pg.79] bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena pāsarāsisuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊……乃至……正自觉者是在哪里、针对谁、于何事中说了《罗网堆经》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, sambahulā bhante bhikkhū rammakassa brāhmaṇassa assame bhagavantaṃ ārabbha dhammiyā kathāya sannisīdiṃsu, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在舍卫城，针对众多比丘所说。尊者，众多比丘在婆罗门罗摩迦(Rammaka)的净修林，围绕世尊进行法谈而坐。尊者，此经是于此事中而说。

Pucchā – atha [Pg.81] kho āvuso tesaṃ sambahulānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiyā kathāya sannisinnānaṃ kīdisaṃ dhammakathaṃ kathesi.

问：贤友，当众多比丘为法谈而坐时，世尊说了什么样的法谈？

Vissajjanā – sādhu bhikkhave etaṃ kho bhikkhave tumhākaṃ patirūpaṃ kulaputtānaṃ saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitānaṃ, yaṃ tumhe dhammiyā kathāya sannisīdeyyātha, sannipatitānaṃ vo bhikkhave dvayaṃ karaṇīyaṃ dhammī vā kathā ariyo vā tuṇhībhāvo. Dvemā bhikkhave pariyesanā ariyā ca pariyesanā anariyā ca pariyesanā. Evamādinā bhante bhagavā sannipatitānaṃ tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ariyapariyesanañca anariyapariyesanañca vibhajitvā desesi.

答：善哉，比丘们！比丘们，你们这些因信而从在家出家，进入无家生活的良家子，为法谈而坐，这是适合的。比丘们，你们集会时，有两件事应做：或作法谈，或持圣默然。比丘们，有两种遍求：圣遍求与非圣遍求。尊者，世尊就这样为集会的比丘们分别开示了圣遍求与非圣遍求。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.83] bhagavā attanāpi anariyapariyesanaṃ pahāya ariyapariyesanāya pariyesitabhāvaṃ pakāsesi.

问：贤友，世尊是如何开示他自己也舍断非圣遍求，而行圣遍求的呢？

Vissajjanā – ahampi sudaṃ bhikkhave pubbeva sambodhā anabhisambuddho bodhisattova samāno attanā jātidhammo samāno jātidhammaṃyeva pariyesāmi, attanā jarādhammo byādhidhammo maraṇadhammo sokadhammo saṃkilesadhammo samāno saṃkilesadhammaṃyeva pariyesāmi. Evamādinā bhante bhagavā attanāpi anariyapariyesanaṃ pahāya ariyapariyesanāya pariyesitabhāvaṃ pakāsesi.

答：比丘们，我于正觉之前，尚未圆满觉悟，身为菩萨时，自己身为有生法，却遍求有生法；自己身为有老法、病法、死法、愁法、染污法，却遍求有染污法。尊者，世尊就是这样开示他自己也舍断非圣遍求，而行圣遍求。

Pucchā – evaṃ [Pg.85] paṭhamābhisambuddhassa āvuso bhagavato ajapālanigrodharukkhamūle nisinnassa dhammadesanāya katasanniṭṭhānassa kīdiso

问：贤友，当世尊初成正觉，坐在阿迦巴喇榕树下，已决意说法时，

Cetaso [Pg.86] parivitakko udapādi, kathañca dhammadesanāya cārikā ahosi, kathañca paṭhamā dhammadesanā ahosi.

生起了何等心之思惟？如何为说法而游行？以及初次说法是如何进行的？

Vissajjanā – ‘‘kassa nu kho ahaṃ paṭhamaṃ dhammaṃ deseyyaṃ, ko imaṃ dhammaṃ khippameva ājānissatī’’ti evaṃ kho bhante bhagavato paṭhamābhisambuddhassa ajapālanigrodhamūle dhammadesanāya katasanniṭṭhānassa parivitakko udapādi, atha bhante bhagavā uruvelāyaṃ yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā yena bārāṇasī, tena padasāyeva cārikaṃ pakkāmi dhammadesanāya, dveme bhikkhave antā pabbajitena na sevitabbā, katame dve, yo cāyaṃ kāmesu kāmasukhallikānuyogo hīno gāmmo pothujjaniko anariyo anattasaṃhito, evamādinā bhante bhagavato paṭhamā dhammadesanā ahosi.

答：“我应先为谁说法？谁能迅速了知此法？”尊者，世尊初成正觉，在阿迦巴喇榕树下，已决意说法时，生起了如此思惟。其后，尊者，世尊在优楼频螺(Uruvelā)随意乐住后，为说法故，徒步游行至波罗奈(Bārāṇasī)。“比丘们，出家者不应亲近此二边。是哪二者？于诸欲中，耽于欲乐之行，是卑劣、粗俗、凡夫之行、非圣、无益。”尊者，世尊的初次说法，即以此为开端。

Sabbābhibhū [Pg.89] sabbavidūhamasmi,Sabbadhammesu anūpalitto;

Sabbañjaho taṇhākkhaye vimutto,Sayaṃ abhiññāya kamuddiseyyaṃ.

我已征服一切，了知一切，于一切法皆不染着；我已舍弃一切，因渴爱灭尽而解脱，由自己亲证，我能指谁为师呢？

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.92] bhagavā pāsarāsiupamāya taṃ desanaṃ pariniṭṭhāpesi.

问：贤友，世尊是如何以罗网堆的譬喻来圆满此教说的？

Vissajjanā – pañcime bhikkhave kāmaguṇā, katame pañca, cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Sotaviññeyyā saddā. Ghānaviññeyyā gandhā. Jivhāviññeyyā rasā. Kāyaviññeyyā phoṭṭhabbā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Ime kho bhikkhave pañca kāmaguṇā. Ye hi keci bhikkhave samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā ime kāmaguṇe gathitā mucchitā ajjhopannā anādīnavadassāvino anissaraṇapaññā paribhuñjanti, te evamassu veditabbā ‘‘anayamāpannā byāsanamāpannā yathākāmakaraṇīyā pāpimato’’, evamādinā bhante bhagavā pāsarāsiupamāya dhammadesanaṃ pariniṭṭhāpesi.

答：比丘们，有此五种欲乐。是哪五种？眼所识之色，为所欲、所爱、所喜、悦意、引生欲念、令人染着。耳所识之声……鼻所识之香……舌所识之味……身所识之触，为所欲、所爱、所喜、悦意、引生欲念、令人染着。比丘们，此即五种欲乐。比丘们，若有任何沙门或婆罗门，于此五种欲乐，为之所缚、沉迷、深陷，不见其过患，无出离之慧而受用者，当知彼等已遭不幸、已遭灾祸，为恶者所随意处置。尊者，世尊即如是以罗网堆的譬喻圆满了此法说。

Cūḷahatthipadopamasutta

小象迹喻经

Pucchā – tenāvuso [Pg.94] jānatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena cūḷahatthipadopamasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，那知者……正自觉者所说的《小象迹喻经》是在哪里，针对谁，于何事而说？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante jāṇussoṇiṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Jāṇussoṇi bhante brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā yāvatako ahosi pilotikena paribbājakena saddhiṃ kathāsallāpo, taṃ sabbaṃ bhagavato ārocesi, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在舍卫城，针对阇奴索尼(Jāṇussoṇi)婆罗门而说。尊者，阇奴索尼婆罗门前去拜见世尊，将他与游行者毕洛帝格(Pilotika)的所有谈话都禀告了世尊。尊者，此经即是于此事而说。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.98] bhagavā hatthipadopamaṃ vitthārena paripūretvā desesi.

问：贤友，世尊是如何详细圆满地讲解象迹喻的？

Vissajjanā – ‘‘na kho brāhmaṇa ettāvatā hatthipadopamo vitthārena paripūro hoti, api ca brāhmaṇa yathā hatthipadopamo vitthārena paripūro hoti, taṃ suṇāhi sādhukaṃ manasikarohi bhāsissāmī’’ti, evamādinā bhante bhagavā hatthipadopamaṃ paripūretvā brāhmaṇassa jāṇussoṇissa desesi.

答：“婆罗门，仅仅这样，象迹譬喻还不能算完满详尽。婆罗门，你且听好，仔细用心，我将宣说如何才能使象迹譬喻完满详尽。”尊者，世尊就是这样使象迹譬喻完满详尽，然后为婆罗门阇奴索尼开示。

Mahāhatthipadopamasutta

大象迹喻经

Pucchā – mahāhatthipadopamasuttaṃ [Pg.102] panāvuso kattha kaṃ ārabbha kena bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，这部《大象迹喻经》是在哪里，针对谁，由谁所说？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在舍卫城，由法将具寿舍利弗长老针对众多比丘所说。

Mahāsāropamasutta

大心材喻经

Pucchā – mahāsāropamasuttaṃ [Pg.103] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊所说的《大心材喻经》是在哪里，针对谁，于何事而说？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante devadattaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, devadatto bhante saṅghaṃ bhinditvā ruhiruppādakammaṃ katvā acirapakkanto hoti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在王舍城，针对提婆达多所说。尊者，提婆达多分裂僧团、作出佛身血后不久离去，此经即是于此事而说。

Cūḷasāropamasutta

小心材喻经

Pucchā – cūḷasāropamasuttaṃ [Pg.105] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊所说的《小心材喻经》是在哪里，针对谁，于何事而说？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante piṅgalakocchaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, piṅgalakoccho bhante brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchi, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在舍卫城，针对频伽罗拘舍(Piṅgalakoccha)婆罗门而说。尊者，频伽罗拘舍婆罗门前去拜见世尊并提问，尊者，此经即是于此事而说。

Cūḷagosiṅgasutta

小牛角娑罗林经

Pucchā – cūḷagosiṅgasuttaṃ [Pg.106] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kena saddhiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊是在哪里、与谁一起说《小牛角娑罗林经》的呢？

Vissajjanā – nābhike bhante gosiṅgasālavanadāye āyasmatā anuruddhattherena saddhiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是在那毗迦(Nābhika)的牛角娑罗林中，与具寿阿那律长老一起说的。

Mahāgosiṅgasutta

大牛角娑罗林经

Pucchā – mahāgosiṅgasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kena saddhiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊是在哪里、与谁一起说《大牛角娑罗林经》的呢？

Vissajjanā – gosiṅgasālavanadāye bhante āyasmatā ca sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā āyasmatā ca mahāmoggallānattherena saddhiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是在牛角娑罗林中，与具寿法将舍利弗长老以及具寿大目犍连长老一起说的。

Mahāgopālakasutta

大牧牛者经

Pucchā – mahāgopālakasuttaṃ [Pg.107] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊是在哪里、缘何而说《大牧牛者经》的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，缘于众多比丘而说的。

Cūḷagopālakasutta

小牧牛者经

Pucchā – cūḷagopālakasuttaṃ [Pg.109] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊是在哪里、缘何而说《小牧牛者经》的呢？

Vissajjanā – vajjīsu bhante ukkacelāyaṃ gaṅgāya nadiyā tīre sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是在跋耆(Vajjī)的优迦遮罗(Ukkacelā)，恒河岸边，缘于众多比丘而说的。

Cūḷasaccakasutta

小萨遮迦经

Pucchā – tenāvuso [Pg.110] jānatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena cūḷasaccakasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，那位知者……乃至正等觉者，是在哪里、缘于谁、于何事而说《小萨遮迦经》的呢？

Vissajjanā – vesāliyaṃ bhante saccakaṃ nigaṇṭhaputtaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, saccako nigaṇṭhaputto mahatiyā licchaviparisāya saddhiṃ yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kathaṃ pana bhavaṃ gotamo sāvake vineti, kathaṃ bhāgā ca pana bhoto gotamassa sāvakesu anusāsanī bahulā pavattatī’’ti, atha bhante bhagavatā aniccavāde ca anattavāde ca pakāsite saccako nigaṇṭhaputto pathavīupamaṃ dassetvā attano attavādaṃ pakāsesi, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是在毗舍离(Vesālī)，缘于尼乾子萨遮迦(Saccaka)而说。尼乾子萨遮迦与众多离车人一同前往世尊之处，抵达后对世尊说：“尊者乔达摩如何教导弟子？又，尊者乔达摩对弟子的教导，大部分是如何进行的呢？”尊者，其后，世尊开示了无常论与无我论，尼乾子萨遮迦则以大地为喻，宣说自己的我论。尊者，（此经）即于此事而说。

Pucchā – evaṃ [Pg.114] āvuso saccakena nigaṇṭhaputtena mahāpathavīupamaṃ dassetvā attavāde pakāsite kathaṃ bhagavā taṃ attavādaṃ puna patiṭṭhāpetvā samanuyuñji samanugāhi samanubhāsi.

问：贤友，当尼乾子萨遮迦以大地为喻宣说我论时，世尊是如何让他重述其我论，并加以诘问、审察、详说的呢？

Vissajjanā – ‘‘nanu tvaṃ aggivessana evaṃ vadesi, rūpaṃ me attā, vedanā me attā, saññā me attā, saṅkhārā me attā, viññāṇaṃ me attā’’ti, evaṃ kho bhante bhagavā saccakaṃ nigaṇṭhaputtaṃ taṃ attavādaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi. Patiṭṭhāpetvā ca pana bhante bhagavā ‘‘tena hi aggivessana taññevettha paṭipucchissāmi, yathā te khameyya, tathā taṃ byākareyyāsī’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavā saccakaṃ nigaṇṭhaputtaṃ samanuyuñji samanugāhi samanubhāsi.

答：“阿耆毗舍(Aggivessana)，你不是这样说吗：色是我，受是我，想是我，行是我，识是我？”尊者，世尊就是这样让尼乾子萨遮迦确立其我论的。尊者，在让他确立之后，世尊又说：“那么，阿耆毗舍，就此我将反问你，你认为怎样合适，就怎样回答。”尊者，世尊即以此等方式，对尼乾子萨遮迦加以诘问、审察、详说。

Pucchā – evaṃ [Pg.119] kho āvuso saccake nigaṇṭhaputte tuṇhībhūte adhomukhe pajjhāyante appaṭibhāne nisinne dummukho nāma licchaviputto bhagavantaṃ kiṃ vacanaṃ avoca.

问：贤友，当尼乾子萨遮迦沉默、低头、沉思、无言以对而坐时，一位名叫杜目佉(Dummukha)的离车子对世尊说了什么呢？

Vissajjanā – evaṃ bhante saccake nigaṇṭhaputte tuṇhībhūte maṅkubhūte pattakkhandhe adhomukhe pajjhāyante appaṭibhāne dummukho licchaviputto [Pg.120] bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘upamā maṃ bhagavā paṭibhātī’’ti.

答：尊者，当尼乾子萨遮迦沉默、羞愧、垂肩、低头、沉思、无言以对时，离车子杜目佉对世尊说：“世尊，我想到了一个譬喻。”

Pucchā – atha [Pg.121] kho āvuso saccako nigaṇṭhaputto bhagavantaṃ kīdisaṃ pañhaṃ pucchi, kathañca taṃ bhagavā byākāsi.

问：贤友，其后尼乾子萨遮迦问了世尊一个什么样的问题？世尊又是如何解答的呢？

Vissajjanā – atha kho bhante saccako nigaṇṭhaputto dummukhaṃ licchaviṃ apasādetvā bhagavantaṃ sekhañca asekhañca pañhaṃ pucchi, bhagavā ca bhante ‘‘idha aggivessana mama sāvako yaṃ kiñci rūpaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā oḷārikaṃ vā sukhumaṃ vā hīnaṃ vā paṇītaṃ vā yaṃ dūre santike vā’’ evamādinā sekhañca asekhañca puggalaṃ vibhajitvā byākāsi.

答：尊者，其后尼乾子萨遮迦制止了离车子杜目佉，向世尊问了关于有学与无学的问题。尊者，世尊则以“阿耆毗舍，于此，我的弟子对任何色，无论是过去、未来、现在，内或外，粗或细，劣或胜，远或近……”等方式，分别解说了有学与无学之人。

Buddho [Pg.122] so bhagavā bodhāya dhammaṃ deseti.

彼世尊是觉者，为令觉悟而说法。

Danto so bhagavā damathāya dhammaṃ deseti.

彼世尊已调御，为令调御而说法。

Santo so bhagavā samathāya dhammaṃ deseti.

彼世尊已寂静，为令寂静而说法。

Tiṇṇo so bhagavā taraṇāya dhammaṃ deseti.

彼世尊已度脱，为令度脱而说法。

Parinibbuto so bhagavā parinibbānāya dhammaṃ deseti.

彼世尊已般涅槃，为令般涅槃而说法。

Mahāsaccakasutta

大萨遮迦经

Pucchā – mahāsaccakasuttaṃ [Pg.123] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问——贤友，世尊在何处、为了谁、根据什么事宣说了《大萨遮迦经》？

Vissajjanā – vesāliyaṃ bhante saccakaṃyeva nigaṇṭhaputtaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Saccako bhante nigaṇṭhaputto aparadivase bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato sāvake āsajja bhāvanādvayapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ vācaṃ bhāsati, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答——尊者，是在毗舍离(Vesālī)，针对尼乾陀子(Nigaṇṭhaputta)萨遮迦(Saccaka)所说的。尊者，尼乾陀子萨遮迦在第二天去拜访世尊，冒犯世尊的弟子们，说了与两种修习相应的话语。尊者，就是针对这事说的。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.124] bhagavā saccakaṃ nigaṇṭhaputtaṃ paṭipucchitvā bhāvanādvayaṃ vibhajja kathesi.

问——贤友，世尊是怎样反问尼乾陀子萨遮迦，然后分别解说两种修习的？

Vissajjanā – atha kho bhante bhagavā ‘‘kinti pana te aggivessana kāyabhāvanā sutā’’ti evamādinā saccakaṃ nigaṇṭhaputtaṃ paṭipucchitvā, kathañca aggivessana abhāvitakāyo ca hoti abhāvitacitto ca evamādinā bhāvanādvayaṃ vibhajitvā byākāsi.

答——尊者，当时世尊以“阿耆毗舍那(Aggivessana)，你听过什么样的身修习？”等语反问尼乾陀子萨遮迦，又以“阿耆毗舍那，如何是未修身者和未修心者？”等语分别解说了两种修习。

Pucchā – atha [Pg.127] kho āvuso saccako nigaṇṭhaputto bhagavantaṃ kiṃ vacanaṃ avoca, kathañca bhagavā padhānakāle attanāanubhūtapubbā paramukkaṃsagatā sukhadukkhavedanāyo pakāsesi, yāpi bhagavato cittaṃ na pariyādāya aṭṭhaṃsu.

问——贤友，当时尼乾陀子萨遮迦对世尊说了什么话？世尊又如何宣说自己在精进时，曾亲身体验过的、已达究竟的苦乐感受，而那些感受也并未占据他的心？

Vissajjanā – atha kho bhante saccako nigaṇṭhaputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘na hi nūna bhoto gotamassa uppajjati, tathā rūpā sukhāvedanā, yathārūpā uppannā sukhāvedanā cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭheyya, na hi nūna bhoto gotamassa uppajjati tathārūpā dukkhā vedanā, yathārūpā uppannā dukkhā vedanā cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭheyyā’’ti atha kho bhagavā ‘‘kiñhi no siyā aggivessana, idha me [Pg.128] aggivessena pubbeva sambodhā anabhisambuddhassa bodhisattasseva sato etadahosi, evamādinā bhante bhagavā padhānakāle attanānubhūtapubbā paramukkaṃsagatā sukhadukkhavedanāyo vitthārena, yāpi bhagavato cittaṃ na pariyādāya aṭṭhaṃsu.

答——尊者，当时尼乾陀子萨遮迦对世尊这样说：“想必乔达摩尊者不会生起那样的乐受，即生起后会占据心的乐受；想必乔达摩尊者不会生起那样的苦受，即生起后会占据心的苦受。”于是，世尊以“阿耆毗舍那，为何不会呢？阿耆毗舍那，我尚未证悟，还是菩萨时，曾有此念……”等语为开端，详细解说了自己在精进时，曾亲身体验过的、已达究竟的苦乐感受，而那些感受也并未占据他的心。

Cūḷataṇhāsaṅkhayasutta

小渴爱灭尽经

Pucchā – tenāvuso [Pg.132] bhagavatā jānatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena cūḷataṇhāsaṅkhayasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，那知者、见者、阿罗汉、正等觉者世尊，于何处、针对何人、于何事而说《小渴爱灭尽经》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Sakko bhante devānamindo bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca ‘‘kittāvatānukho bhante bhikkhu saṃkhittena taṇhāsaṅkhayavimutto hoti accantaniṭṭho accantayogakkhemi [Pg.133] accantabrahmacārī accantapariyosāno seṭṭho devamanussāna’’nti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答复——尊者，此经于舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对天帝释(Sakka devānaminda)而说。尊者，天帝释前往拜见世尊，说了这番话：“尊者，比丘在多大程度上，简而言之，是渴爱灭尽的解脱者、究竟的完成者、究竟的安稳者、究竟的梵行者、究竟的终结者、天人中的最胜者？”尊者，于此事而说。

Kittāvatā [Pg.134] nu kho bhante bhikkhu saṃkhittena taṇhāsaṅkhayavimutto hoti accantaniṭṭho accantayogakkhemī accantabrahmacārī accantapariyāsāno seṭṭho devamanussānaṃ –

尊者，比丘在多大程度上，简而言之，是渴爱灭尽的解脱者、究竟的完成者、究竟的安稳者、究竟的梵行者、究竟的终结者、天人中的最胜者？

Mahātaṇhāsaṅkhayasutta

大渴爱灭尽经

Pucchā – mahātaṇhāsaṅkhayasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，那么，《大渴爱灭尽经》是世尊于何处、针对何人、于何事而说？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sātiṃ bhikkhuṃ kevaṭṭaputtaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Sātissa bhante bhikkhuno kevaṭṭaputtassa evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ hoti ‘‘tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi, yathā tadevidaṃ viññāṇaṃ sandhāvati [Pg.135] saṃsarati anañña’’nti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答复——尊者，此经于舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对渔夫之子萨帝(Sāti)比丘而说。尊者，渔夫之子萨帝比丘生起如此恶见：“我这样了知世尊所说的法，即正是此识在流转、轮回，而非其它。”尊者，于此事而说。

Pucchā – atha [Pg.136] kho āvuso bhagavā kathaṃ bhikkhū āmantetvā ca paṭipucchitvā ca anattabhāvadīpikaṃ dhammakathaṃ kathesi.

提问——贤友，那么世尊是如何召集诸比丘，并诘问他们，然后作了阐明无我之理的法说？

Vissajjanā – atha bhante bhagavā bhikkhū ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, apināyaṃ sāti bhikkhu kevaṭṭaputto usmīkatopi ismiṃ dhammavinaye’’ti āmantetvā, tumhepi me bhikkhave evaṃ dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāthatyādinā bhikkhū paṭipucchitvā ca yaṃ yadeva bhikkhave paccayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati viññāṇaṃ, tena teneva viññāṇaṃ tveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati, cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe [Pg.137] ca uppajjati viññāṇaṃ cakkhuviññāṇaṃ tveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati, evamādinā bhante anattatādīpikaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ kathesi.

答复——尊者，那时世尊召集诸比丘说：“诸位比丘，你们怎么认为？这位渔夫之子萨帝比丘，于此法与律中，可曾有丝毫的暖意？”世尊又以“诸位比丘，你们也像这样了知我所说的法吗？”等语诘问诸比丘，然后开示说：“诸位比丘，识缘何而生，即以何为名；缘眼与色而生识，即名为眼识……”尊者，世尊如是等作了阐明无我之理的法说。

Mahāassapurasutta

大马邑经

Pucchā – mahāassapurasuttaṃ [Pg.139] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

提问：贤友，这部《大马邑经》是世尊在哪里，为了谁，以什么事为缘由而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – aṅgesu bhante assapure nāma aṅgānaṃ nigame bahū manusse saddhe pasanne ārabbbha bhāsitaṃ. Bahū bhante manussā saddhā pasannā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ sakkaccaṃ upaṭṭhahiṃsu, sabbakālañca ratanattayapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ vaṇṇakathaṃyeva kathayiṃsu. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

回答：尊者，这是在鸯伽国(Aṅga)名叫马邑(Assapura)的鸯伽人聚落里，针对许多有信心、欢喜的民众所说。尊者，许多有信心、欢喜的民众恭敬地供养比丘僧团，并且总是谈论与三宝相关的赞叹之语。尊者，这是针对这件事而宣说的。

Pucchā – katame [Pg.140] āvuso tattha bhagavatā dhammā samaṇakaraṇā ca brāhmaṇakaraṇā ca uttaruttari paṇītapaṇītā desitā.

提问：贤友，世尊在那里所宣说的，能使人成为沙门，能使人成为婆罗门，而且是层层递进、越来越殊胜的法，是什么呢？

Vissajjanā – hirottappā [Pg.141] parisuddhakāyasamācāro parisuddhavacīsamācāro parisuddhamanosamācāro parisuddhājīvo indriyesu guttadvāratā bhojanemattaññutā jāgariyānuyogo satisampajaññaṃ nīvaraṇappahānaṃ cattāri ca jhānāni tisso ca vijjā ime kho bhante tattha bhagavatā samaṇakaraṇā ca brāhmaṇakaraṇā ca uttaruttari paṇītapaṇītā dhammā desitā.

回答：尊者，在那里，世尊所宣说的能使人成为沙门，能使人成为婆罗门，并且是层层递进、越来越殊胜的法，就是：惭愧、身行清净、语行清净、意行清净、活命清净、守护诸根之门、饮食知量、勤于觉醒、正念与正知、舍断五盖、四禅以及三明。

Cūḷaassapurasutta

小马邑经

Pucchā – cūḷaassapurasuttaṃ [Pg.143] panāvuso bhagavatā katta kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

提问：贤友，这部《小马邑经》是世尊在哪里，为了谁而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – tasmiṃyeva bhante assapure nigame teyeva manusse saddhe pasanne ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, tasmiṃyeva bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

回答：尊者，这部经正是在马邑聚落，针对那些有信心和欢喜的人们宣说的，正是针对这件事宣说的。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.144] tattha bhagavatā samaṇasāmīcippaṭipadā ca assamaṇasāmīcippaṭipadā ca vibhajitvā desitā.

提问：贤友，世尊在那里是如何分别解说沙门正行与非沙门正行的呢？

Vissajjanā – ‘‘kathañca bhikkhave bhikkhu na samaṇasāmīcippaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno hoti, yassa kassaci bhikkhave bhikkhuno abhijjhālussa abhijjhā appahīnā hoti, byāpannacittassa byāpādo appahīno hotī’’ti evamādinā ca. Kathañca bhikkhave bhikkhu samaṇasāmīcippaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno hoti, yassa kassaci bhikkhave bhikkhuno abhijjhālussa abhijjhā pahīnā hoti, byāpannacittassa byāpādo pahīno hoti evamādinā ca bhante bhagavatā tattha samaṇasāmīcippaṭipadā ca assamaṇasāmīcippaṭipadā ca vitthārena vibhajitvā desitā.

回答：“诸比丘，怎样的比丘是不行沙门正行的呢？诸比丘，无论哪个比丘，如果他有贪欲(abhijjhā)，贪欲未断除；有瞋恚心，瞋恚(byāpāda)未断除。”像这样等等。“诸比丘，怎样的比丘是行沙门正行的呢？诸比丘，无论哪个比丘，如果他无贪欲，贪欲已断除；无瞋恚心，瞋恚已断除。”像这样等等。尊者，世尊在那里详细地分别开示了沙门正行与非沙门正行。

Sāleyyakasutta

萨雷迦经

Pucchā – sāleyyakasuttaṃ [Pg.146] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

提问：贤友，这部《萨雷迦经》是世尊在哪里，为了谁，以什么事为缘由而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – kosalesu bhante sālāyaṃ nāma brāhmaṇagāme sāleyyake brāhmaṇagahapatike ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Sāleyyakā bhante brāhmaṇagahapatikā bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavocuṃ ‘‘ko nu kho bho gotama hetu ko paccayo, yena midhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjanti, ko pana bho gotama hetu ko paccayo, yena midhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjantī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

回答：尊者，这是在憍萨罗(Kosala)国名叫萨拉(Sālā)的婆罗门村，针对萨拉的婆罗门和家主们所说的。尊者，萨拉的婆罗门和家主们去拜访世尊，这样说道：“乔达摩，是什么原因、什么条件，使得这里有些众生在身坏命终之后，投生到恶趣、恶道、堕处、地狱？又是什么原因、什么条件，使得这里有些众生在身坏命终之后，投生到善趣、天界？”尊者，这是针对这件事所说的。

Verañjakasutta

维兰迦经

Pucchā – verañjakasuttaṃ [Pg.148] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

提问：贤友，这部《维兰迦经》是世尊在哪里，为了谁，以什么事为缘由而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante verañjake brāhmaṇagahapatike ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Verañjakā bhante brāhmaṇagahapatikā bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavocuṃ ‘‘ko nu kho bho gotama hetu ko paccayo, yena midhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjanti, ko pana bho gotama hetu ko paccayo, yena midhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjantī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

回答：尊者，这是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对维兰迦的婆罗门和家主们所说的。尊者，维兰迦的婆罗门和家主们去拜访世尊，这样说道：“乔达摩，是什么原因、什么条件，使得这里有些众生在身坏命终之后，投生到恶趣、恶道、堕处、地狱？又是什么原因、什么条件，使得这里有些众生在身坏命终之后，投生到善趣、天界？”尊者，这是针对这件事所说的。

Mahāvedallasutta

大韦达罗经

Pucchā – mahāvedallasuttaṃ panāvuso kattha kena bhāsitaṃ.

提问：贤友，这部《大韦达罗经》是在哪里由谁说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmatā mahākoṭṭhikena puṭṭhena āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ.

回答：尊者，这是在舍卫城，由具寿大拘絺罗(Mahākoṭṭhika)提问，具寿法将舍利弗长老所说。

Cūḷavedallasutta

小韦达罗经

Pucchā – cūḷavedallasuttaṃ [Pg.149] panāvuso kattha kena bhāsitaṃ.

提问：贤友，这部《小韦达罗经》是在哪里由谁说的呢？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante visākhena upāsakena puṭṭhāya dhammadinnāya theriyā bhāsitaṃ.

回答：尊者，这是在王舍城，由毘舍佉优婆塞提问，法施长老尼所说。

Cūḷadhammasamādānasutta

小法受持经

Pucchā – cūḷadhammasamādānasuttaṃ [Pg.150] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

提问：贤友，这部《小法受持经》是世尊在何处、针对谁而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

回答：尊者，这是在舍卫城针对众多比丘所说的。

Mahādhammasamādānasutta

大法受持经

Pucchā – mahādhammasamādānasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊所宣说的大法受持经，是在哪里、针对谁而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，这是在舍卫城针对众多比丘所说的。

Vīmaṃsakasutta

考察经

Pucchā – vīmaṃsakasuttaṃ [Pg.151] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊所说的考察经，是在哪里、针对谁而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，这是在舍卫城针对众多比丘所说的。

Kosambiyasutta

憍赏弥经

Pucchā – kosambiyasuttaṃ panāvuso kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，憍赏弥经是在哪里、针对谁、基于什么事而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – kosambiyaṃ bhante kosambike bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Kosambikā bhante bhikkhū bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā [Pg.152] aññamaññaṃ mukhasattīhi vitudantā viharanti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，这是在憍赏弥(Kosambī)，针对憍赏弥的比丘们所说的。尊者，憍赏弥的比丘们发生争论、争吵、陷入诤讼，以口舌之刃互相伤害而住。尊者，这是基于那件事而说的。

Brahmanimantanikasutta

梵天邀请经

Pucchā – brahmanimantanikasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊所说的梵天邀请经，是在哪里、针对谁、基于什么事而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，这是在舍卫城针对众多比丘所说的。

Māratajjaniyasutta

呵斥魔经

Pucchā – māratajjanīyasuttaṃ [Pg.153] panāvuso kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，这部呵斥魔经是在哪里、针对谁、基于什么事、由谁说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante susumāragire bhesakaḷāvane migadāye āyasmatā mahāmoggallānena māraṃ pāpimantaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Māro bhante pāpimā āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa kucchigato hoti koṭṭhamanupaviṭṭho. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在释迦国(Sakkesu)苏苏马罗山(Susumāragira)的贝沙伽罗林(Bhesakaḷāvana)鹿野苑，具寿大目犍连针对恶魔波旬(Māra Pāpimā)而说。尊者，恶魔波旬曾进入具寿大目犍连的腹中，进入了肠胃。尊者，这是基于那件事而说的。

Majjhimapaṇṇāsapāḷi

中部五十经

Kandarakasutta

甘大拉咖经

Pucchā – tenāvuso [Pg.155] jānatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena kandarakasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，那位知者、见者、阿罗汉、正自觉者的世尊，在何处、针对谁、基于什么事说了甘大拉咖经呢？

Vissajjanā – campāyaṃ bhante gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre pessañca hatthārohaputtaṃ kandarakañca paribbājakaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, kandarako bhante paribbājako bhagavato ca bhikkhusaṅghassa ca vaṇṇaṃ abhāsi, pesso ca bhante hatthārohaputto bhagavato ca dhammadesanāya ca vaṇṇaṃ abhāsi. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在瞻波城(Campā)伽伽罗(Gaggarā)莲池边，针对象兵之子佩沙(Pessa)和游方者甘大拉咖(Kandaraka)而说的。尊者，游方者甘大拉咖赞扬了世尊和比丘僧团；尊者，象兵之子佩沙则赞扬了世尊和法的教导。尊者，这是基于那件事而说的。

Pucchā – evaṃ [Pg.156] kho āvuso kandarakena paribbājakena bhagavato ca bhikkhusaṅghassa ca abhippasannena vaṇṇe bhāsite kathaṃ bhagavā taṃ samanujānitvā dhammadesanārambhaṃ ārabhi, kathañca pesso hatthārohaputto bhagavato ca dhammadesanāya ca vaṇṇaṃ abhāsi[Pg.157], kathañca pessassa hatthārohaputtassa ajjhāsayānurūpaṃ dhammaṃ desesi.

问：贤友，当游方者甘大拉咖对世尊和比丘僧团深具净信并赞扬后，世尊是如何认可他并开始说法的呢？象兵之子佩沙又是如何赞扬世尊和法的教导呢？世尊又是如何随应象兵之子佩沙的意乐而说法呢？

Vissajjanā – evaṃ kho bhante kandarakena paribbājakena bhagavato ca bhikkhusaṅghassa ca abhippasannena vaṇṇe bhāsite ‘‘evametaṃ kandaraka evametaṃ kandaraka’’ evamādinā bhagavā taṃ samanujānitvā ‘‘santi hi kandaraka bhikkhū imasmiṃ bhikkhusaṅghe arahanto khīṇāsavā vusitavanto katakaraṇīyā ohitabhārā anuppattasadatthā parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojanā sammadaññā vimuttā’’ti evamādinā dhammadesanaṃ samārabhi. Atha kho bhante pesso hatthārohaputto ‘‘acchariyaṃ bhante abbhutaṃ bhante yāva supaññattā cime bhante bhagavatā cattāro satipaṭṭhānā sattānaṃ visuddhiyā sokaparidevānaṃ samatikkamāya dukkhadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamāya ñāyassa adhigamāya nibbānassa sacchikiriyāyā’’ti evamādinā bhagavato ca dhammadesanāya vaṇṇaṃ abhāsi, bhagavāpi bhante ‘‘gahanañhetaṃ pessa yadidaṃ manussā, uttānakañhetaṃ pessa yadidaṃ pasavo’’tiādinā pessassa hatthārohaputtassa ajjhāsayānurūpaṃ dhammakathaṃ desesi.

答：尊者，游方者甘大拉咖正是这样以对世尊和比丘僧团的深净信而说了赞扬的话。世尊以“正是如此，甘大拉咖，正是如此，甘大拉咖”等语认可了他，然后开始说法：“甘大拉咖，在这比丘僧团中，确实有阿罗汉，他们是漏尽者、梵行已立者、所作已办者、重担已卸者、自利已得者、有结已尽者、以正智善解脱者。”尊者，那时象兵之子佩沙说道：“稀有啊，尊者！未曾有啊，尊者！世尊善说了这四念处，是为了众生的清净，为了超越愁悲，为了灭除苦忧，为了证得正道，为了现证涅槃。”他如此赞扬了世尊和法的教导。尊者，世尊也以“佩沙，这对于人是深奥的；佩沙，这对于畜生是浅显的”等语，随应象兵之子佩沙的意乐而说了法。

Pucchā – taṃ [Pg.162] panāvuso dhammadesanaṃ sutvā pessassa hatthārohaputtassa kīdiso ānisaṃso adhigato, kathañca bhagavā taṃ puggalacatukkadesanaṃ saṃkhittena bhāsitaṃ, bhikkhūnaṃ vitthārena vibhajitvā desesi.

问：贤友，听闻此法后，象兵之子佩沙获得了怎样的利益？世尊又是如何将这四种人的教导，先为比丘们简略地宣说，后又详细地分别解说呢？

Vissajjanā – taṃ kho pana bhante dhammaṃ sutvā pessassa hatthārohaputtassa dve ānisaṃsā adhigatā saṅghe ca pasādo satipaṭṭhānapariggahaṇūpāyo [Pg.163] ca abhinavo. Bhagavā ca bhante taṃ puggalacatukkadesanaṃ bhikkhūhi yācito ‘‘katamo ca bhikkhave puggalo attaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto’’tiādinā saṃkhittena bhāsitaṃ, vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattaṃ. Vitthārena vibhajitvā desesi.

答：尊者，听闻此法后，象兵之子佩沙获得了两种利益：对僧团的净信，以及把握念处的新方法。尊者，世尊应比丘们的请求，以“诸比丘，哪种人是勤行于自我折磨的”等语，简略地宣说了这四种人的教导，其义未曾分别。后又详细地分别解说。

Aṭṭhakanāgarasutta

八城人经

Pucchā – aṭṭhakanāgarasuttaṃ [Pg.166] panāvuso kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，这《八城人经》是在哪里、关于谁、关于什么事、由谁所说？

Vissajjanā – vesāliyaṃ bhante veḷuvagāmake gahapatiṃ aṭṭhakanāgaraṃ ārabbha āyasmatā ānandattherena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena bhāsitaṃ. Dasamo bhante gahapati aṭṭhakanāgaro āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca ‘‘atthi nu kho bhante ānanda tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena ekadhammo akkhāto, yattha bhikkhuno appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato avimuttañceva cittaṃ vimuccati, aparikkhiṇā ca āsavā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇātī’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在毗舍离的竹林村，由具寿阿难长老、法藏的持守者，关于八城人陀娑摩居士所说。尊者，八城人陀娑摩居士前去拜见具寿阿难，然后这样说：“阿难尊者，那位知者、见者、阿罗汉、正等觉者的世尊，是否曾宣说一法，比丘依此法不放逸、热忱、精勤而住，未解脱的心便得以解脱，未灭尽的诸漏便得以灭尽，未获得的无上安稳便得以获得呢？”尊者，此经便是关于此事所说。

Sekhasutta

有学经

Pucchā – sekhasuttaṃ [Pg.168] panāvuso kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，这《有学经》是在哪里、关于谁、关于什么事、由谁所说？

Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante kapilavatthusmiṃ santhāgāre āyasmatā ānandattherena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena kāpilavatthave sakye ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Bhagavā bhante kāpilavatthave sakye bahudevarattiṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi ‘‘paṭibhātu taṃ ānanda kāpilavatthavānaṃ sakyānaṃ sekho pāṭipado, piṭṭhi me āgilāyati, tamahaṃ āyamissāmī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在释迦族的迦毗罗卫城集会堂中，由具寿阿难长老、法藏的持守者，关于迦毗罗卫城的释迦族人所说。尊者，世尊为迦毗罗卫城的释迦族人，在许多夜晚以法说示导、劝发、激励、令他们欢喜后，对具寿阿难说：“阿难，请你为迦毗罗卫城的释迦族人讲说有学之道，我的背有些疲劳，我将伸展一下。”尊者，此经便是关于此事所说。

Potaliyasutta

波达利亚经

Pucchā – potaliyasuttaṃ [Pg.170] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊所说的《波达利亚经》，是在哪里、关于谁、关于什么事而说？

Vissajjanā – aṅguttarāpesu bhante āpaṇe nāma aṅguttarāpānaṃ nigame potaliyaṃ gahapatiṃ paṭikkhittasabbakammantaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Potaliyo bhante gahapati paṭikkhittasabbakammanto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamanto bhagavatā gahapativādena samudācariyamāno kupito anattamano bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘tayidaṃ bho gotama nacchannaṃ tayidaṃ nappatirūpaṃ, yaṃ maṃ tvaṃ gahapativādena samudācarasī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在鸯伽国（Aṅguttarāpa）一个名为阿波那（Āpaṇa）的市镇，关于舍弃一切事务的波达利亚居士所说。尊者，波达利亚居士舍弃一切事务后，前去拜见世尊。当他走近时，世尊以“居士”之称与他交谈，他因此生气、不悦，对世尊说：“乔达摩，你以居士之称与我交谈，这既不适宜，也不恰当。”尊者，此经便是关于此事所说。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.172] bhagavā kāmānaṃ ādīnavaṃ vitthārena pakāsetvā ariyassa vinaye vohārasamucchedaṃ dassesi.

问：贤友，世尊是如何在详尽开示诸欲的过患后，于圣律中阐明世俗事务的断绝？

Vissajjanā – atha bhante bhagavā ariyassa vinaye vohārasamucchedāya aṭṭha dhamme vibhajitvā ‘‘seyyathāpi gahapati kukkuro jighacchādubbalyapareto goghātakasūnaṃ paccupaṭṭhito assa’’ evamādinā kāmesu ādīnavaṃ dassetvā pariyosāne tīhi vijjāhi ariyassa vinaye vohārasamucchedaṃ sabbenasabbaṃ sabbathāsabbaṃ vohārasamucchedaṃ vitthārena vibhajitvā desesi.

答：尊者，当时世尊为了阐明圣律中的世俗事务断绝，分别八法，以“居士，譬如一只饥饿虚弱的狗，来到屠牛场……”等譬喻开示诸欲的过患，最后以三明详尽分别开示了圣律中那完全、彻底、一切方面的世俗事务断绝。

Jīvakasutta

耆婆经

Pucchā – tenāvuso [Pg.173] bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena jīvakasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊、正等觉者所说的《耆婆经》，是在哪里、为了谁、关于什么事而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe [Pg.174] bhante jīvakaṃ komārabhaccaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Jīvako bhante komārabhacco bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca ‘‘sutaṃ metaṃ bhante samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ uddissa pāṇaṃ ārabhanti, taṃ samaṇo gotamo jānaṃ uddissa kataṃ maṃsaṃ paribhuñjati paṭicca kammanti. Ye te bhante evamāhaṃsu ‘samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ uddissa pāṇaṃ ārabhanti, taṃ samaṇo gotamo jānaṃ uddissa kataṃ maṃsaṃ paribhuñjati paṭicca kamma’nti, kacci te bhante bhagavato vuttavādino na ca bhagavantaṃ abhūtena abbhācikkhanti, dhammassa cānudhammaṃ byākaronti, na ca koci sahadhammiko vādānuvādo gārayhaṃ ṭhānaṃ āgacchatī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此于王舍城，针对耆婆王子育而说。尊者，耆婆王子育前往世尊之处，如是说：“尊者，我听闻：‘有人为沙门乔达摩而杀生，沙门乔达摩明知是特为自己所作之肉而食用，此乃故意之业。’尊者，那些作如是说的人，他们是否为复述世尊之语者，而未以不实诽谤世尊，乃解说法与随法，且无任何同法之论议会陷于应受呵责的境地呢？”尊者，此乃关于此事而说。

Upālisutta

优波离经

Pucchā – upālisuttaṃ [Pg.177] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，那么世尊是在哪里、为了谁、关于什么事而说《优波离经》呢？

Vissajjanā – nāḷandāyaṃ bhante upāliṃ gahapatiṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Upāli bhante gahapati bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca ‘‘āgamā nukhvidha bhante dīghatapassī nigaṇṭho’’ti, evamādinā ca bhante upāli gahapati bhagavato paṭisandhāraṃ katvā attano ācariyassa nigaṇṭhassa nāṭaputtassa vādaṃ pakāsesi, vādaṃ vaṇṇesi. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此于那烂陀，针对优波离居士而说。尊者，优波离居士前往世尊之处，如是说：“尊者，长苦行者尼乾陀来过这里吗？”尊者，优波离居士如是向世尊问候后，便宣扬、赞叹其师尼乾陀·那他弗的主张。尊者，此乃关于此事而说。

Pucchā – atha [Pg.183] kho āvuso bhagavā upāliṃ gahapatiṃ tasmiṃ vāde kathaṃ samanuyuñjī samanugāhī samanubhāsī, kathañcassa upāyaṃ dassetvā yathābhūtaṃ atthaṃ ñāpesi.

问：贤友，其后世尊是如何就彼论点诘问、引导、开示优波离居士的？又是如何向他展示方法，令他如实了知其义的？

Vissajjanā – atha kho bhante bhagavā upāliṃ gahapatiṃ ‘‘sace kho tvaṃ gahapati sacce patiṭṭhāya manteyyāsi, siyā no ettha kathāsallāpo’’ti upāliṃ gahapatiṃ kathaṃ samuṭṭhāpetvā ‘‘taṃ [Pg.184] kiṃmaññasi gahapati, idhassa nigaṇṭho ābādhiko dukkhito bāñhagilāno sītodakaparikkhitto uṇhodakapaṭisevī, so sītodakaṃ alabhamāno kālaṅkareyyā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavā cattāro upāye dassetvā upāliṃ gahapatiṃ yathābhūtamatthaṃ ñāpesi.

答：尊者，其后世尊对优波离居士说：“居士，你若能立足于真实而谈论，我们或可就此对谈。”世尊如是与优波离居士发起谈话后，问道：“居士，你意下如何？此处有尼乾陀生病、痛苦、病重，他拒绝冷水，只用热水，若他得不到冷水而死去……”尊者，世尊以如是等语，展示了四种方便，令优波离居士如实了知其义。

Pucchā – evaṃ [Pg.190] kho āvuso upāli gahapati bhagavatā saññāpito imasmiṃ dhammavinaye pasanno kīdisaṃ pasannākāraṃ akāsi, kathañca bhagavā taṃ puna anusāsitvā uttari vinesi.

问：贤友，优波离居士被世尊如是开导后，于此法与律中生起净信，他作出了何种净信之相？世尊又是如何再度教诫，并进一步引导他的？

Vissajjanā – ‘‘purimenevāhaṃ bhante opammena bhagavato attamano abhiraddho, apicāhaṃ imāni bhagavato vicitrāni pañhapaṭibhānāni sotukāmo, evāhaṃ bhagavantaṃ paccanīkaṃ kātabbaṃ amaññissa’’nti, evamādinā bhante upāli gahapati bhagavatā viññāpito imasmiṃ dhammavinaye pasanno pasannākāraṃ akāsi. Tattha bhagavā ca bhante ‘‘anuviccakāraṃ kho gahapati karohi, anuviccakāro tumhādisānaṃ ñātamanussānaṃ sādhu hotī’’ti evamādinā puna anusāsitvā uttari yāva dhammacakkhupaṭilābhā vinesi.

答：尊者，优波离居士被世尊开导后，于此法与律中生起净信，作出净信之相，如是说：“尊者，我仅因世尊先前的譬喻，内心已喜悦、满足，然我又欲听闻世尊此等种种善巧问答，故而认为应与世尊作对论。”于此，尊者，世尊再度教诫他：“居士，应审慎而行，审慎而行对你这等知名人士是好的。”如是教诫后，世尊进一步引导他，直至他证得法眼。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.194] nigaṇṭhassa nāṭaputtassa upālissa gahapatissa nivesanaṃ gantvā āvīmaṃsanā ca upālissa gahapatissa paccuttarā kathā ca ahosi.

问：贤友，尼乾陀·那他弗前往优波离居士住处后的诘问，以及优波离居士的回答是怎样的？

Vissajjanā – ‘‘ummattosi tvaṃ gahapati dattosi tvaṃ gahapatī’’ti evamādinā bhante nigaṇṭhassa nāṭaputtassa upālissa gahapatissa nivesanaṃ gantvā vīmaṃsā ca ‘‘bhaddikā bhante āvaṭṭanīmāyā kalyāṇī bhante āvaṭṭanīmāyāti’’ evamādinā upālissa gahapatissa paccuttarakathā ca ahosi.

答：尊者，尼乾陀·那他弗的诘问是：“居士，你疯了！居士，你被迷惑了！”等等。优波离居士的回答是：“尊者，此诱导之术何其善妙！尊者，此诱导之术何其佳美！”等等。

Dhīrassa [Pg.198] vigatamohassa,Pabhinnakhīlassa vijitavijayassa;

Anīghassa susamacittassa,Vuddhasīlassa sādhupaññassa;

Vesamantarassa vimalassa,Bhagavato tassa sāvakohamasmiṃ.

智者离愚痴，已断诸心执，已得胜中胜；无恼心寂静，增戒具善慧；慷慨无垢者，我乃彼世尊之声闻。

Akathaṃ kathissa tusitassa,Vantalokāmisassa muditassa;

Katasamaṇassa manujassa,Antimasārīrassa narassa.

无疑已满足，已舍世间利，心生大欢喜；已成沙门行，身为最后身，人中之胜者。

Anopamassa [Pg.199] virajassa,Bhagavato tassa sāvako hamasmi –

无与伦比者，离尘无垢者，我乃彼世尊之声闻。

Taṇhacchidassa buddhassa,Vītadhūmassa anupalittassa.Āhuneyyassa yakkhassa,Uttamapuggalassa atulassa;

Mahato yasaggapattassa,Bhagavato tassa sāvako hamasmi –

已断爱欲之觉者，无烟尘亦无染着；应供养之大士，无上之人无与伦比；伟大者已达名声顶峰，我乃彼世尊之声闻。

Kukkuravatikasutta

狗行者经

Pucchā – kukkuravatikasuttaṃ [Pg.200] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，世尊在哪里、为了谁、基于什么事情而宣说了《狗行者经》呢？

Vissajjanā – koliyesu bhante haliddavasane nāma koliyānaṃ nigame puṇṇañca koliyaputtaṃ govatikaṃ acelañca seniyaṃ kukkuravatikaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Puṇṇo bhante koliya putto govatiko bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ayaṃ bhante acelo seniyo kukkuravatiko dukkarakārako chamānikkhittaṃ bhojanaṃ bhuñjati, tassa taṃ kukkuravataṃ dīgharattaṃ samattaṃ samādinnaṃ, tassa kā gati, ko abhisamparāyo’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答复——尊者，世尊在拘利族一个名叫哈利达瓦萨那(Haliddavasana)的城镇中，针对拘利族人富那·牧牛行者(Puṇṇa Koliyaputta Govati)和裸体行者塞尼耶·狗行者(Acela Seniya Kukkuravatika)而宣说了此经。尊者，拘利族人富那·牧牛行者对世尊说了这番话：“尊者，这位裸体行者塞尼耶·狗行者，奉行难行苦行，食用被丢在地上的食物。他长久以来坚持这种狗戒，他的去处是哪里？他的来世会是怎样？”尊者，世尊正是针对这件事而宣说了此经。

Abhayarājakumārasutta

无畏王子经

Pucchā – tenāvuso [Pg.201] jānatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena abhayarājakumārasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，了知者……（乃至）正自觉者所说的《无畏王子经》，是在哪里，针对谁，因为什么事情而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe me bhante abhayaṃ rājakumāraṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Abhayo bhante rājakumāro bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca ‘‘bhāseyya nu kho bhante tathāgato taṃ vācaṃ, yā sā vācā paresaṃ appiyā amanāpā’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答复——尊者，世尊在王舍城，针对无畏王子(Abhaya Rājakumāra)而宣说了此经。尊者，无畏王子去拜访世尊，然后这样问：“尊者，如来说的话，会不会有让别人不喜欢、不高兴的？”尊者，世尊正是针对这件事而宣说了此经。

Bahuvedanīyasutta

多受经

Pucchā – bahuvedanīyasuttaṃ [Pg.206] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，世尊所说的《多受经》，是在哪里，为了谁，根据什么事情而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantañca udāyiṃ pañcakaṅgañca thapatiṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, pañcakaṅgo bhante thapati āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ upasaṅkamitvā vedanaṃ pucchi, āyasmā bhante udāyī pañcakaṅgaṃ thapatiṃ etadavoca ‘‘tisso kho thapati vedanā vuttā bhagavatā sukhā vedanā dukkhā vedanā adukkhamasukhā vedanā’’ti. Evaṃ vutte bhante pañcakaṅgo thapati āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ etadavoca ‘‘na kho bhante udāyi tisso vedanā vuttā bhagavatā, dve vedanā vuttā bhagavatā sukhā vedanā dukkhā vedanā, yāyaṃ bhante adukkhamasukhā vedanā, santasmiṃ esā paṇīte sukhe vuttā bhagavatā’’ti. Neva asakkhi kho bhante āyasmā udāyī pañcakaṅgaṃ thapatiṃ saññāpetuṃ, na pana asakkhi pañcakaṅgo thapati āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ saññāpetuṃ. Assosi kho āyasmā ānando āyasmato udāyissa pañcakaṅgena thapatinā saddhiṃ imaṃ kathāsallāpaṃ, atha kho bhante āyasmā ānando yāvatako ahosi [Pg.207] āyasmato udāyissa pañcakaṅgena thapatinā saddhiṃ kathāsallāpo, taṃ sabbaṃ bhagavato ārocesi. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答复——尊者，世尊在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对具寿优陀夷和工匠五支(Pañcakaṅga Thapati)而宣说了此经。尊者，工匠五支去拜访具寿优陀夷，询问感受。具寿优陀夷对工匠五支说：“工匠，世尊说了三种感受：乐受、苦受、不苦不乐受。”这样说后，工匠五支对具寿优陀夷说：“具寿优陀夷，世尊没有说三种感受，世尊只说了两种感受：乐受和苦受。这不苦不乐受，世尊说是属于殊胜寂静的快乐。”具寿优陀夷无法说服工匠五支，工匠五支也无法说服具寿优陀夷。具寿阿难听到具寿优陀夷与工匠五支的这番谈话，就把他们全部的对话都告诉了世尊。尊者，世尊正是针对这件事而宣说了此经。

Apaṇṇakasutta

无误行经

Pucchā – apaṇṇakasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，世尊所说的《无误行经》，是在哪里、为了谁、关于什么事而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – kosalesu bhante sālāyaṃ nāma kosalānaṃ brāhmaṇagāme sāleyyake brāhmaṇagahapatike ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Sambahulā bhante aññatitthiyā sāleyyakānaṃ [Pg.208] brāhmaṇagahapatikānaṃ attano attano micchādiṭṭhiyo paṭiggaṇhāpesuṃ uggaṇhāpesuṃ. Te pana bhante sāleyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā ekadiṭṭhiyampi patiṭṭhātuṃ na sakkhiṃsu. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答复——尊者，世尊在憍萨罗国一个名叫娑罗的婆罗门村，针对娑罗村的婆罗门居家者而宣说了此经。尊者，当时有很多外道让娑罗村的婆罗门居家者接受并学习他们各自的邪见。然而，尊者，那些娑罗村的婆罗门居家者连一种见解都无法确立。尊者，世尊正是针对这件事而宣说了此经。

Pucchā – tatra [Pg.209] āvuso bhagavatā paṭhamaṃ micchāvādo ca sammāvādo ca kathaṃ vibhajitvā pakāsito.

提问——贤友，在此，世尊最初是如何分别阐明邪说和正说的呢？

Vissajjanā – tatra bhante bhagavatā ‘‘santi gahapatayo eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino natthi dinnaṃ natthi yiṭṭhaṃ natthi hutaṃ natthi sukatadukkaṭānaṃ kammānaṃ phalaṃ vipāko’’ti evamādinā paṭhamaṃ micchāvādo ca sammāvādo ca vibhajitvā pakāsito.

答复——尊者，世尊在此处，首先通过“家主们，有些沙门婆罗门这样说，持有这样的见解：‘没有布施，没有供养，没有祭祀，没有善作恶作之业的果报和异熟’”等开示，分别阐明了邪说与正说。

Pucchā – tattha [Pg.210] āvuso bhagavatā micchāvādīnañca doso sammāvādīnañca guṇo kathaṃ vicāretvā pakāsito.

提问——贤友，在此，世尊是如何考察思量并阐明邪说者的过患与正说者的功德呢？

Vissajjanā – tattha bhante bhagavatā ‘‘tatra gahapatayo yete samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino natthi dinnaṃ natthi yiṭṭhaṃ natthi hutaṃ natthi sukatadukkaṭānaṃ kammānaṃ phalaṃ vipāko’’ti evamādinā bhante micchāvādīnañca doso sammāvādīnañca guṇo bhagavatā vicāretvā pakāsito.

答复——尊者，世尊在那里，通过“家主们，那些沙门婆罗门这样说、持这种见解：‘没有布施，没有供养，没有祭祀，没有善作恶作之业的果报和异熟’”等开示，考察思量并阐明了邪说者的过患和正说者的功德。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.212] tattha bhagavatā viññuno purisapuggalassa paṭisañcikkhaṇā pakāsitā.

提问——贤友，世尊在那里是如何开示有智慧者的省察呢？

Vissajjanā – tatra [Pg.213] gahapatayo viññū puriso iti paṭisañcikkhatīti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā viññuno purisapuggalassa paṭisañcikkhaṇā pakāsitā.

答复——尊者，世尊在那里，通过“家主们，有智慧的人会像这样省察……”等开示，阐明了有智慧者的省察。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.215] bhagavatā aññesupi micchāvādasammāvādesu apaṇṇakapaṭipadā vicāretvā pakāsitā, taṃ saṅkhepato kathesi.

提问——贤友，世尊是如何通过考察其他邪说和正说，从而阐明无误行道的呢？请简要地说说。

Vissajjanā – yatheva bhante paṭhame vāde, evameva kho bhante akiriyavādādīsu catūsu ca micchāvādesu dosaṃ kiriyavādādīsu ca catūsu sammāvādesu guṇaṃ, tattha ca viññuno purisassa paṭisañcikkhaṇākāraṃ dassetvā bhagavatā apaṇṇakapaṭipadā pakāsitā.

答复——尊者，正如第一个论点，同样地，世尊通过显示四种无作论等邪说的过患、四种有作论等正说的功德，以及有智慧者的省察方式，而宣说了无误行道。

Ambalaṭṭhikarāhulovādasutta

芒果园罗睺罗教诫经

Pucchā – ambalaṭṭhikarāhulovādasuttaṃ [Pg.216] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，世尊所说的《芒果园罗睺罗教诫经》是在哪里、对谁而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante āyasmantaṃ rāhulaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

回答——大德，这是在王舍城(Rājagaha)，针对具寿罗睺罗所说的。

Mahārāhulovādasutta

大教诫罗睺罗经

Pucchā – mahārāhulovādasuttaṃ [Pg.217] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，世尊所说的大教诫罗睺罗经是在哪里、对谁、因何事而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ rāhulaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante rāhulo bhagavato ceva attano ca attabhāvasampattiṃ nissāya gehassitaṃ chandarāgaṃ uppādesi. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

回答——大德，这是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对具寿罗睺罗所说。大德，具寿罗睺罗依于世尊与自身的优越，生起了对在家生活的欲贪。大德，就是针对此事而说的。

Cūḷamālukyasutta

小摩伦迦经

Pucchā – cūḷamālukyasuttaṃ [Pg.218] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，世尊是在哪里、对谁、因何事而说了《小摩伦迦经》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ mālukyaputtaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante mālukyaputto attano pavivittassa rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa cetaso parivitakkaṃ bhagavato ārocesi. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

回答——大德，这是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对具寿摩伦迦子(Mālukyaputta)所说。大德，具寿摩伦迦子将自己独处、隐居、宴坐时心中生起的思虑告诉了世尊。大德，就是针对此事而说的。

Mahāmālukyasutta

大摩伦迦经

Pucchā – mahāmālukyasuttaṃ [Pg.221] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，世尊所说的大摩伦迦经是在哪里、对谁、因何事而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – tasmiṃyeva bhante sāvatthiyaṃ āyasmantaṃ mahāmālukyaputtaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

回答——大德，就在那舍卫城，针对具寿大摩伦迦子(Mahāmālukyaputta)所说。

Bhaddālisutta

跋陀梨经

Pucchā – tenāvuso [Pg.222] bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena bhaddālisuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，世尊……乃至……正等觉者所说的《跋陀梨经》，是在哪里、对谁、因何事而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ bhaddāliṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante bhaddāli bhagavatā sikkhāpade paññāpiyamāne bhikkhusaṅghe sikkhaṃ samādiyamāne anussāhaṃ pavedesi. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

回答——大德，这是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对具寿跋陀梨(Bhaddāli)所说。大德，当世尊制立学处、比丘僧团受持学处时，具寿跋陀梨表示不热衷。大德，就是针对此事而说的。

Accayo [Pg.223] maṃ bhante accagamā yathābālaṃ yathāmūḷhaṃ yathāakusalaṃ, yohaṃ bhagavatā sikkhāpade paññāpiyamāne bhikkhusaṅghe sikkhaṃ samādiyamāne anussāhaṃ pavedesiṃ, tassa me bhante bhagavā accayaṃ accayato paṭiggaṇhātu āyatiṃ saṃvarāya –

大德，过失征服了我，我如愚者、如痴者、如不善者。当世尊制立学处、比丘僧团受持学处时，我表示了不热衷。大德，为了未来的防护，愿世尊接受我的过失为过失。

Pucchā – atha [Pg.225] kho āvuso āyasmā bhaddāli bhagavantaṃ kīdisaṃ pañhaṃ pucchi, kathañcassa bhagavā taṃ vibhajitvā byākāsi.

提问——贤友，当时具寿跋陀梨向世尊提出了什么样的问题？世尊又是如何为他分别解说的呢？

Vissajjanā – atha kho bhante āyasmā bhaddāli ‘‘ko nu kho bhante hetu, ko paccayo, yena midhekaccaṃ bhikkhuṃ pasayu pasayu kāraṇaṃ karontī’’ti evamādinā bhagavantaṃ pañhaṃ apucchi. Bhagavā ca bhante ‘‘idha bhaddāli ekacco bhikkhu abhiṇhāpattiko hoti, āpattibahulo’’ evamādinā āyasmato bhaddālissa vibhajitvā byākāsi.

回答——大德，当时具寿跋陀梨问世尊：“大德，是何因，是何缘，一些比丘被一再地处罚？”世尊如此这般地为具寿跋陀梨分别解说道：“跋陀梨，于此，有比丘常犯戒、多犯戒……”

Pucchā – tadāpi [Pg.228] kho āvuso āyasmā bhaddāli punapi bhagavantaṃ kīdisaṃ pañhaṃ pucchi, kathañcassa bhagavā tampi vibhajitvā byākāsi.

提问——贤友，当时具寿跋陀梨又向世尊提出了什么样的问题，世尊又是如何为他分别解说的呢？

Vissajjanā – tadāpi bhante āyasmā bhaddāli ‘‘ko nu kho bhante hetu, ko paccayo, yena pubbe appatarāni ceva sikkhāpadāni ahesuṃ, bahutarā ca bhikkhū aññāya saṇḍahiṃsu. Ko pana bhante hetu, ko paccayo yena etarahi bahutarāni ceva sikkhāpadāni honti appatarā ca bhikkhū aññāya saṇḍahantī’’ti bhagavantaṃ punapi pañhaṃ apucchi. Bhagavā ca bhante ‘‘evametaṃ bhaddāli hoti, sattesu hāyamānesu saddhamme antaradhāyamāne bahutarāni honti appatarā ca bhikkhū aññāya saṇḍahantī’’ti, evamādinā āyasmato bhaddālissa vibhajitvā vibhajitvā byākatā.

回答——大德，当时具寿跋陀梨再次问世尊：“大德，是何因，是何缘，以前学处较少，而有更多的比丘证得究竟智？又是何因，是何缘，如今学处较多，而有较少的比丘证得究竟智？”世尊回答道：“跋陀梨，正是如此。当有情衰退、正法隐没时，学处就会变多，而证得究竟智的比丘就会变少。”世尊如此这般地为具寿跋陀梨一再分别解说。

Laṭukikopamasutta

鹌鹑本行

Pucchā – laṭukikopamasuttaṃ [Pg.1] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊所说的《鹌鹑《本行》》，是在哪里、为了谁、基于什么事情而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – aṅguttarāpesu bhante āpaṇe nāma aṅguttarāpānaṃ nigame āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante udāyī bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca ‘‘idha mayhaṃ bhante rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi ‘‘bahūnaṃ vata no bhagavā dukkhadhammānaṃ apahattā, bahūnaṃ vata no bhagavā sukhadhammānaṃ upahattā, bahūnaṃ vata no bhagavā akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ apahattā, bahūnaṃ vata no bhagavā kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ upahattā’ti’’. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

回答——大德，这是在鸯求多罗(Aṅguttarāpa)一个名叫阿波那(Āpaṇa)的市镇，针对具寿优陀夷所说。大德，具寿优陀夷前往世尊处，然后这样说道：“大德，我独自隐居时，心中生起这样的思绪：‘世尊真是为我们除去了许多苦法，为我们带来了许多乐法；世尊真是为我们除去了许多不善法，为我们带来了许多善法。’”大德，世尊就是针对这件事说的。

Pucchā – atha [Pg.4] kho āvuso bhagavā kīdisī upamāyo dassetvā bhikkhūnaṃ ovādaṃ adāsi.

问：贤友，世尊以什么样的譬喻来教诫比丘们？

Vissajjanā – atha kho bhante bhagavā laṭukikopamaṃ hatthināgopamaṃ daliddapurisopamaṃ gahapatikopamanti catasso upamāyo dassetvā bhikkhūnaṃ ovādamadāsi.

回答——大德，世尊以鹌鹑譬喻、象王譬喻、贫穷人譬喻、家主譬喻这四种譬喻来教诫比丘。

Pucchā – evañcāvuso [Pg.8] bhagavā catūhi upamāhi bhikkhūnaṃ ovādaṃ datvā kathaṃ uttari dhammadesanaṃ pavaḍḍhesi.

问：贤友，世尊以四种譬喻教诫比丘后，如何进一步阐述法呢？

Vissajjanā – evaṃ kho bhante bhagavā catūhi upamāhi bhikkhūnaṃ ovādaṃ datvā ‘‘cattāro me udāyi puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ’’nti evamādinā uttari bhikkhūnaṃ dhammakathaṃ pavaḍḍhesi.

回答——大德，世尊以四种譬喻给予比丘们教诫后，以“优陀夷，有这四种人(puggala)存在于世”等话语，进一步为比丘们增长法谈。

Cātumasutta

车头聚经

Pucchā – cātumasuttaṃ [Pg.10] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊所说的《车头聚经》，是在哪里、为了谁、基于什么事情而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – cātumāyaṃ bhante āyasmantānaṃ sāriputtamoggalānattherānaṃ saddhivihārike adhunā pabbajite sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Sāriputtamoggallānappamukhāni bhante pañcamattāni bhikkhusatāni cātumaṃ anuppattāni honti bhagavantaṃ dassanāya, te ca āgantukā bhikkhū nevāsikehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ paṭisammodamānā senāsanāni paññāpayamānā pattacīvarāni paṭisāmayamānā uccāsaddā mahāsaddā ahesuṃ. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

回答——大德，这是在车头聚(Cātuma)，针对具寿舍利弗和目犍连长老的众多新近出家的同住比丘而说的。大德，当时有以舍利弗和目犍连为首的五百位比丘来到车头聚拜见世尊，这些新来的比丘与常住的比丘互相问候，安排卧具，整理衣钵，声音嘈杂，非常喧闹。大德，就是针对这件事而说的。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.13] tattha bhagavā bhikkhūnaṃ ovādaṃ adāsi.

问：贤友，世尊在那里是如何教诫比丘们的？

Vissajjanā – cattārimāni bhikkhave bhayāni udakorohante pātikaṅkhitabbānīti evamādinā bhante bhagavā tattha bhikkhūnaṃ ovādaṃ adāsi.

回答——大德，世尊在那里以“比丘们，入水者当预期有此四种怖畏”等话语，教诫了比丘们。

Naḷakapānasutta

芦苇饮经

Pucchā – naḷakapānasuttaṃ [Pg.17] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

提问：贤友(āvuso)，世尊(bhagavā)所说的《芦苇饮经》(Naḷakapānasutta)是在哪里、为了谁而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – naḷakapāne bhante anuruddhattherappamukhe sambahule abhiññāte abhiññāte kulaputte ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

回答：尊者，此经是在芦苇饮(Naḷakapāna)处，以阿那律(Anuruddha)长老为首的众多知名良家子(kulaputta)为缘起而宣说。

Goliyānisutta

瞿尼耶经

Pucchā – goliyānisuttaṃ [Pg.18] panāvuso kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena bhāsitaṃ.

提问：贤友(āvuso)，这部《瞿尼耶经》(Goliyānisutta)是在哪里、为了谁、在什么事情上、由谁所说？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante āyasmantaṃ goliyāniṃ ārabbha āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante goliyāni āraññiko padasamācāro saṅghamajjhe osaṭo hoti kenacideva karaṇīyena, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

回答：尊者，这是在王舍城(Rājagaha)，由具寿(āyasmā)舍利弗(Sāriputta)长老，法将所说的，针对具寿瞿尼耶(Goliyāni)。尊者，具寿瞿尼耶是住森林者，行止端正，因某些事而来到僧团大众中。尊者，这是针对这件事所说的。

Kīṭāgirisutta

鸡吒山经

Pucchā – tenāvuso [Pg.19] bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena kīṭāgirisuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

提问：贤友(āvuso)，世尊(bhagavā)、正自觉者所说的《鸡吒山经》(Kīṭāgirisutta)是在哪里、为了谁、根据什么事情而说的？

Vissajjanā – kāsīsu bhante kīṭāgirismiṃ kāsīnaṃ nigame assajipunabbasuke bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Assajipunabbasukā bhante bhikkhū bhikkhūhi sahadhammikaṃ vuccamānā evamāhaṃsu ‘‘mayaṃ kho āvuso sāyañceva bhuñjāma pāto ca divā ca vikāle, te mayaṃ sāyañceva bhuñjamānā pāto ca divā ca vikāle appābādhatañca sañjānāma appātaṅkatañca lahuṭṭhānañca balañca phāsuvihārañca, te mayaṃ kiṃ sandiṭṭhikaṃ hitvā kālikaṃ anudhāvissāma, sāyañceva mayaṃ bhuñjissāma pāto ca divā ca vikāle’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

回答：尊者，此事发生在迦尸国(Kāsī)的鸡吒山(Kīṭāgiri)，迦尸国的城镇中，是针对阿说示(Assaji)和布纳跋苏(Punabbasu)比丘(bhikkhu)所说的。尊者，阿说示和布纳跋苏比丘在被其他比丘如法劝说时，这样说道：“贤友们(āvuso)，我们确实傍晚吃，早晨、白天和非时也吃。我们这样傍晚吃，早晨、白天和非时也吃，也能感觉到少病少痛，身体轻快，力气充足，生活安稳。我们为什么要舍弃现世可见的利益，去追求需要等待的利益呢？我们就是要傍晚吃，早晨、白天和非时也吃。”尊者，这是针对这件事所说的。

Tevijjavacchasutta

三明瓦差种经

Pucchā – tevijjavacchasuttaṃ [Pg.21] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

提问：贤友(āvuso)，世尊(bhagavā)所说的《三明瓦差种经》(Tevijjavacchasutta)是在哪里、为了谁、基于什么事情而说的？

Vissajjanā – vesāliyaṃ bhante vacchagottaṃ paribbājakaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Vacchagotto bhante paribbājako bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘sutaṃ me bhante samaṇo gotamo sabbaññū sabbadassāvī aparisesaṃ ñāṇadassanaṃ paṭijānāti, carato ca me tiṭṭhato ca suttassa ca jāgarassa ca satataṃ samitaṃ ñāṇadassanaṃ paccupaṭṭhita’’nti. Ye te bhante evamāhaṃsu ‘‘samaṇo gotamo sabbaññū sabbadassāvī aparisesaṃ ñāṇadassanaṃ paṭijānāti, carato ca me tiṭṭhato ca suttassa ca jāgarassa ca satataṃ samitaṃ ñāṇadassanaṃ paccupaṭṭhita’’nti. Kacci te bhante bhagavato vuttavādino, na ca bhagavantaṃ abhūtena abbhācikkhanti, dhammassa cānudhammaṃ byākaronti, na ca koci sahadhammiko vādānuvādo gārayhaṃ ṭhānaṃ āgacchatī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

回答：尊者，这是在毗舍离(Vesālī)，针对游方者瓦差种(Vacchagotta)所说。尊者，游方者瓦差种对世尊(bhagavā)这样说：“尊者，我听说沙门乔达摩(Gotama)是全知全见者，自称具有无余的知见，无论行走、站立、睡眠还是清醒，知见都持续不断地现前。”尊者，那些这样说的人——“沙门乔达摩是全知全见者，自称具有无余的知见，无论行走、站立、睡眠还是清醒，知见都持续不断地现前”——他们是否如实转述了世尊的话，没有用虚假之言诽谤世尊，并且是依据法随法地解说，没有任何与法相符的责难会因此产生呢？尊者，这是关于这件事所说。

Aggivacchasutta

火瓦差种经

Pucchā – aggivacchasuttaṃ [Pg.23] panāvuso kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问——贤友，这《火瓦差种经》是在哪里、针对谁、关于何事而说？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante vacchagottaṃ paribbājakaṃ bhāsitaṃ. Vacchagotto bhante paribbājako bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘kiṃ nu kho bho gotama ‘sassato loko idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’nti evaṃdiṭṭhi bhavaṃ gotamo’’ti evamādikaṃ pañhaṃ apucchi. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答——尊者，是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)对游方者瓦差种说的。尊者，游方者瓦差种去到世尊处，问道：“乔达摩尊者，您是否持有‘世界是常恒的，唯此是实，余者皆虚’这样的见解？”他问了如此等等的问题。尊者，即是关于此事而说。

Mahāvacchasutta

大瓦差种经

Pucchā – mahāvacchasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问——贤友，世尊所说的《大瓦差种经》是在哪里、针对谁、关于何事而说？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante vacchagottaṃyeva paribbājakaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Vacchagotto bhante paribbājako bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā [Pg.24] etadavoca ‘‘dīgharattāhaṃ bhotā gotamena sahakathī, sādhu me bhavaṃ gotamo saṃkhittena kusalākusalaṃ desetū’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答——尊者，是在王舍城(Rājagaha)，针对游方者瓦差种而说。尊者，游方者瓦差种去到世尊处，说道：“乔达摩尊者，我长期与您交谈，善哉，愿乔达摩尊者为我简要地开示善与不善。”尊者，即是关于此事而说。

Pucchā – evaṃ [Pg.25] vutte kho āvuso vacchagotto paribbājako imasmiṃ dhammavinaye pasanno hutvā kīdisaṃ pasannākāraṃ akāsi, kathañcassa dhammābhisamayo ahosi.

问——贤友，如是说时，游方者瓦差种于此法与律生起净信后，作了何等净信的表示？他又是如何通达法的？

Vissajjanā – evaṃ vutte bhante vacchagotto paribbājako ‘‘sace hi bho gotama imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavaṃyeva gotamo ārādhako abhavissa, no ca kho bhikkhū ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu, evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ aparipūraṃ abhavissa tenaṅgenā’’ti evamādinā imasmiṃ dhammavinaye pasanno pasannākāramakāsi. Yāva arahattañcassa dhammābhisamayo ahosi.

答——尊者，如是说时，游方者瓦差种说道：“乔达摩尊者，如果只有乔达摩尊者您自己证得此法，而比丘们没有证得，那么这个梵行就会因那一部分而不圆满。”他以如此等等的方式，于此法与律生起净信，作了净信的表示。他通达了法，乃至证得阿罗汉果。

Dīghanakhasutta

长爪经

Pucchā – dīghanakhasuttaṃ [Pg.28] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问——贤友，世尊所说的《长爪经》是在哪里、针对谁、关于何事而说？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante dīghanakhaṃ paribbājakaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Dīghanakho bhante paribbājako bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca ‘‘ahañhi bho gotama evaṃvādī evaṃdiṭṭhi sabbaṃ me nakkhamatī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答——尊者，是在王舍城(Rājagaha)，针对游方者长爪(Dīghanakha)而说。尊者，游方者长爪去到世尊处，说道：“乔达摩尊者，我持如是说、如是见：我于一切皆不称许。”尊者，即是关于此事而说。

Pucchā – imasmiṃ [Pg.31] ca panāvuso veyyākaraṇasmiṃ bhaññamāne kesaṃ puggalānaṃ visesādhigamo ahosi.

问——贤友，当此解说被宣说时，哪些人获得了殊胜的证悟？

Vissajjanā – imasmiñca pana bhante veyyākaraṇasmiṃ bhaññamāne āyasmato sāriputtassa anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimucci, dīghanakhassa pana paribbājakassa tasmiṃyeva āsane virajaṃ vītamalaṃ dhammacakkhuṃ udapādi yaṃkiñci samudayadhammaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhamma’’nti.

答——尊者，当此解说被宣说时，具寿舍利弗的心无所取著而从诸漏中解脱；游方者长爪则于其座上生起离尘无垢的法眼，了知：“凡是集法，皆是灭法。”

Māgaṇḍiyasutta

玛甘迪亚经

Pucchā – māgaṇḍiyasuttaṃ [Pg.33] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，世尊在何处、针对谁、于何事而说《玛甘迪亚经》？

Vissajjanā – kurūsu bhante kammāsadhamme nāma kurūnaṃ nigame bhāradvāja gottassa brāhmaṇassa agyāgāre tiṇasanthārake māgaṇḍiyaṃ paribbājakaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Māgaṇḍiyo bhante paribbājako bhagavantaṃ ‘‘bhūnahu samaṇo gotamo’’ti vadesi, tasmiṃ bhante vaṭṭhusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

回答——尊者，此经是在拘楼国(Kurūsu)一个名叫迦摩沙达摩(Kammāsadhamma)的市镇，在巴罗多迦(Bhāradvāja)族姓婆罗门的火堂草垫上，针对游方者玛甘迪亚(Māgaṇḍiya)而说。尊者，游方者玛甘迪亚曾称世尊为“毁坏者(bhūnahu)沙门乔达摩”，世尊是于此事而说。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.36] bhagavā tattha māgaṇḍiyassa paribbājakassa samanuyuñjitvā samanuyuñjitvā dhammaṃ desesi.

提问——贤友，世尊在那里是如何再三诘问游方者玛甘迪亚后，为他说法的？

Vissajjanā – ‘‘cakkhuṃ kho māgaṇḍiya rūpārataṃ rūpasammuditaṃ, taṃ tathāgatassa dantaṃ guttaṃ rakkhitaṃ saṃvutaṃ, tassa ca saṃvarāya dhammaṃ desetī’’ti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavā māgaṇḍiyassa paribbājakassa samanuyuñjitvā samanuyuñjitvā dhammaṃ desesi.

回答——“玛甘迪亚，眼实是乐于色、喜于色，它已被如来调伏、守护、保护、节制，并为节制它而说法。”尊者，世尊就是以这样等方式，在那里再三诘问游方者玛甘迪亚后，为他开示佛法。

Pucchā – evaṃ [Pg.39] kho āvuso māgaṇḍiyena paribbājakena ‘‘nakiñci bho gotamā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ paṭissute kathaṃ bhagavā attanopi na kiñci kenacipi vattabbataṃ pakāsesi.

提问——贤友，当游方者玛甘迪亚如实回答“乔达摩先生，一无所有”时，世尊是如何开显自己亦不为任何人所指责的呢？

Vissajjanā – evaṃ kho bhante māgaṇḍiyena paribbājakena nakiñci bhogotamāti yathābhūtaṃ paṭissute ‘‘ahaṃ kho pana māgaṇḍiya pubbe agāriyabhūto samāno pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāresiṃ cakkhuviññeyyahi rūpehi iṭṭhehi manāpehi piyarūpehi kāmūpasaṃhitehi rajanīyehī’’ti evamādinā bhagavā attanopi na kiñci kenacipi vattabbataṃ pakāsesi.

回答——尊者，当游方者玛甘迪亚如实回答“乔达摩先生，一无所有”时，世尊说：“玛甘迪亚，我往昔为在家者时，亦曾具足、圆满地享受五欲，即眼所识知的可爱、可意、可悦、引欲、染着之色。”世尊即以此等语，开显了自己亦不为任何人所指责。

Pucchā – imasmiṃ [Pg.42] sutte pariyosānapucchaṃ pucchissāmi imañca panāvuso dhammadesanaṃ sutvā māgaṇḍiyo paribbājako imasmiṃ dhammavinaye pasanno hutvā kīdisaṃ pasannākāramakāsi.

提问——于此经我将问最后之问：贤友，游方者玛甘迪亚听闻此说法后，于此法与律生起净信，他作了何等净信之表示？

Vissajjanā – imaṃ [Pg.43] ca pana bhante dhammadesanaṃ sutvā māgaṇḍiyo paribbājako ‘abhikkantaṃ bho gotama abhikkantaṃ bho gotamā’’ti evamādinā imasmiṃ dhammavinaye pasanno pasannākāramakāsi.

回答——尊者，游方者玛甘迪亚听闻此说法后，以“善哉，乔达摩先生！善哉，乔达摩先生！”等语，于此法与律生起净信，并作了净信之表示。

Sandakasutta

散陀迦经

Pucchā – sandakasuttaṃ panāvuso kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，这《散陀迦经》是在哪里，针对谁，关于什么事，由谁所说的呢？

Vissajjanā – kosambiyaṃ [Pg.44] bhante sandakaṃ paribbājakaṃ ārabbha āyasmatā ānandattherena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena bhāsitaṃ. Sandako bhante paribbājako āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca ‘‘sādhuvata bhavantaṃyeva ānandaṃ paṭibhātu sake ācariya ke dhammikathā’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答——尊者，这是在憍赏弥(Kosambī)，由法藏守护者具寿阿难长老，针对游行者散陀迦所说的。散陀迦游行者对具寿阿难说了这番话：“善哉！愿尊者阿难能开示自己老师的法义。”尊者，这是针对此事所说的。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.45] tattha cattāro abrahmacariyavāsā āyasmatā ānandattherena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena vicāretvā pakāsitā.

问：贤友，具寿阿难长老作为法藏守护者，是如何在那里思惟并阐述这四种非梵行住的？

Vissajjanā – idha sandaka ekacco satthā evaṃvādī hoti evaṃdiṭṭhi natthi dinnaṃ, natthi yiṭṭhaṃ, natthi hutaṃ, natthi sukatadukkaṭānaṃ kammānaṃ phalaṃvipāko, natthi ayaṃloko, natthi paroloko, natthi mātā, natthi pitā, natthi sattā opapātikāti

答：散陀迦，在此，有一种导师这样说，持有这样的见解：没有布施，没有祭祀，没有供养，没有善作与恶作之业的果报，没有此世，没有彼世，没有母亲，没有父亲，没有化生有情。

Evamādinā [Pg.46] bhante tattha āyasmatā ānandattherena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena cattāro abrahmacariyavāsā vicāretvā pakāsitā.

尊者，如是等等，具寿阿难长老作为法藏守护者，在那里思惟并宣说了四种非梵行住。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.49] tattha cattāri anassāsikāni brahmacariyāni āyasmatā ānandattherena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena vicāretvā pakāsitāni.

问：贤友，具寿阿难长老作为法藏守护者，在那里是如何思惟并阐明四种无慰藉的梵行的？

Vissajjanā – idha [Pg.50] sandaka ekacco satthā sabbaññū sabbadassāvī aparisesaṃ ñāṇadassanaṃ paṭijānāti ‘‘carato ca me tiṭṭhato ca suttassa ca jāgarassa ca satataṃ samitaṃ ñāṇadassanaṃ paccupaṭṭhita’’nti evamādinā bhante tattha āyasmatā ānandattherena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena cattāri anassāsikāni brahmacariyāni vibhajitvā pakāsitāni.

答——散陀迦，在此，有些导师自称是全知全见，声称自己拥有无余知见，并且说：“无论我行走、站立、睡觉还是清醒，知见持续不断地现前。”尊者，如是等等，具寿阿难长老作为法藏守护者，在那里分析并阐明了四种无慰藉的梵行。

Pucchā – atha

问——然后

[Pg.54] Kho āvuso sandako paribbājako āyasmantaṃ ānandattheraṃ kathaṃ pucchi, tathañcassāyasmānandatthero byākāsi.

贤友，散陀迦游行者是怎样问具寿阿难长老的，具寿阿难长老又是怎样为他解说的呢？

Vissajjanā – atha kho bhante sandako paribbājako ‘‘so pana bho ānanda satthā kiṃvādī kiṃ akkhāyī’’ti evamādinā āyasmantaṃ ānandattheraṃ pucchi, āyasmā ca bhante ānandatthero ‘‘idha sandaka tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno’’ti evamādinā sandakassa paribbājakassa vibhajitvā vibhajitvā byākāsi.

答：尊者，于是游行者散陀迦问具寿阿难长老：“那么，贤者阿难，那位导师主张什么？宣说什么？”如是等等地提问。具寿阿难长老则为游行者散陀迦详细地解说：“散陀迦，如来出现于世，是阿罗汉、正等觉者、明行具足者……”如是等等地详细解说。

Pucchā – imañca [Pg.56] panāvuso dhammadesanaṃ sutvā sandako paribbājako imasmiṃ dhammavinaye pasanno kīdisaṃ pasannākāramakāsi.

问——贤友，听闻此法教后，游行者散陀迦于此法与律中生起净信，他展现了怎样的净信之相？

Vissajjanā – imañca [Pg.57] bhante dhammadesanaṃ sutvā sandako paribbājako ‘‘acchariyaṃ bho ānanda, abbhutaṃ bho ānanda, na ca nāma sadhammokkaṃsanā bhavissati, na paradhammavambhanā, āyatane ca dhammadesanā, tāva bahukā ca niyyātāro paññāyissantī’’ti evamādinā imasmiṃ dhammavinaye pasanno pasannākāramakāsi.

答：尊者，听闻此法教后，游行者散陀迦说道：“奇哉，贤者阿难！稀有哉，贤者阿难！竟然没有自赞其法，也没有毁谤他法，而且是依处而说法，还将会有如此多的人出离。”如是等等，他于此法与律中生起净信，并显现了净信之相。

Mahāsakuludāyīsutta

大萨古拉优陀夷经

Pucchā – mahāsakuludāyisuttaṃ [Pg.58] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，世尊所说《大萨古拉优陀夷经》是在哪里、为了谁、基于什么事情而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante sakuludāyiṃ paribbājakaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Sakuludāyī bhante paribbājako purimāni divasāni purimatarāni kotūhalasālāyaṃ nānātitthiyānaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ yāvatako ahosi bhagavantañca cha ca satthāro ārabbha kathāsallāpo, taṃ sabbaṃ bhagavato ārocesi. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

回答——尊者，此经是在王舍城，针对游行者萨古拉优陀夷而说的。尊者，游行者萨古拉优陀夷前些日子在集会所，就世尊以及其他六位导师，与各派沙门、婆罗门展开了各种讨论，他把所有的事情都告诉了世尊。尊者，此经就是针对这件事而说的。

Samaṇamuṇḍikasutta

沙门蒙迪迦经

Pucchā – samaṇamuṇḍikasuttaṃ [Pg.62] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊所说的《沙门蒙迪迦经》是在哪里、针对什么人、因为什么事而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante uggāhamāna paribbājakaṃ samaṇamuṇḍikāputtaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Uggāhamāno bhante paribbājako samaṇamuṇḍikāputto pañcakaṅgaṃ tapatiṃ etadavoca ‘‘catūhi kho ahaṃ gahapati dhammehi samannāgataṃ purisapuggalaṃ paññapemi sampannakusalaṃ paramakusalaṃ uttamapattipattaṃ samaṇaṃ ayojjha’’nti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

回答——尊者，此经是在舍卫城，针对游行者沙门蒙迪迦之子乌伽诃玛那(Uggāhamāna)所说。尊者，游行者沙门蒙迪迦之子乌伽诃玛那曾对工匠般遮迦(Pañcakaṅga)这样说：“家主，我依据四种法，认为某人具足善、最胜善、达到最高成就，是不可战胜的沙门。”尊者，此经就是针对这件事而说的。

Cūḷasakuludāyīsutta

小萨古拉优陀夷经

Pucchā – cūḷasakuludāyīsuttaṃ [Pg.63] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊是在哪里、为了什么人、因为什么事而说了《小萨古拉优陀夷经》？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe [Pg.64] bhante sakuludāyiṃ paribbājakaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, sakuludāyī bhante paribbājako bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘yadāhaṃ bhante imaṃ parisaṃ anupasaṅkanto homi, athāyaṃ parisā anekavihitaṃ tiracchānakathaṃ kathenti nisinnā hoti. Yadā ca kho ahaṃ bhante imaṃ parisaṃ upasaṅkamanto homi, athāyaṃ parisā mamaññeva mukhaṃ ullokentī nisinnā hoti ‘yaṃ no samaṇo udāyī dhammaṃ bhāsissati, taṃ sossāmā’ti, yadā pana bhante bhagavā imaṃ parisaṃ upasaṅkanto hoti, athāhañceva ayañca parisā bhagavato mukhaṃ ullokentā nisinnā homa yaṃ no bhagavā dhammaṃ bhāsissati, taṃ sossāmā’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答复——尊者，此经是在王舍城，针对游行者萨古拉优陀夷而说。萨古拉优陀夷游行者对世尊说：“世尊，当我还没有来到这个集会时，这个集会的人坐在一起谈论各种畜生论。但是，世尊，当我来到这个集会时，他们就都只看着我的脸坐着，心想：‘沙门优陀夷将要说法，我们来听吧。’然而，世尊，当世尊您来到这个集会时，我和这个集会的人就都只看着世尊您的脸坐着，心想：‘世尊将要说法，我们来听吧。’”尊者，此经就是针对这件事而说的。

Vekhanasasutta

吠迦那娑经

Pucchā – vekhanasasuttaṃ [Pg.65] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

提问：贤友，世尊在哪里、为了谁、根据什么事说了《吠迦那娑经》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante vekhanasaṃ paribbājakaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, vekhanaso bhante paribbājako bhagavato santike udānaṃ udānesi ‘‘ayaṃ paramo vaṇṇo ayaṃ paramo vaṇṇo’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答复：尊者，此经是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对游行者吠迦那娑(Vekhanasa)而说。尊者，游行者吠迦那娑在世尊面前发出感叹：“这是最胜的容色！这是最胜的容色！”尊者，此经是针对此事而说的。

Ghaṭikārasutta

伽提迦罗经

Pucchā – ghaṭikārasuttaṃ [Pg.66] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

提问：贤友，世尊在哪里、为了谁、根据什么事说了《伽提迦罗经》？

Vissajjanā – kosalesu bhante ghaṭikārassa kumbhakārassa gharavatthupadese āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Bhagavā bhante tasmiṃ bhūmipadese sitaṃ pātvākāsi, āyasmā ca ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ko nu kho bhante hetu ko paccayo bhagavato sitassa pātukammāya, na akāraṇena tathāgatā sitaṃ pātukarontī’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答复：尊者，在憍萨罗(Kosala)，在陶匠伽提迦罗(Ghaṭikāra)的住处旧址，是针对具寿阿难(Ānanda)而说。尊者，世尊在那个地方示现了微笑，具寿阿难便对世尊说了这番话：“尊者，是什么因，什么缘，让世尊示现微笑？如来不会无缘无故示现微笑。”尊者，就是针对此事而说的。

Raṭṭhapālasutta

护国经

Pucchā – raṭṭhapālasuttaṃ [Pg.67] panāvuso kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena bhāsitaṃ.

提问：贤友，《护国经》在何处、针对何人、关于何事、由谁所说？

Vissajjanā – kurūsu bhante rājānaṃ korabyaṃ ārabbha āyasmatā raṭṭhapālattherena bhāsitaṃ. Rājā bhante korabyo āyasmantaṃ raṭṭhapālaṃ etadavoca ‘‘cattārimāni bho raṭṭhapāla pārijuññāni, yehi pārijuññehi samannāgatā idhekacce kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anāgāriyaṃ pabbajantī’’ti evamādikaṃ vacanaṃ avoca, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答复：尊者，此经是在拘楼(Kuru)，针对拘罗婆(Korabya)王，由具寿护国(Raṭṭhapāla)长老所说。尊者，拘罗婆王对具寿护国说了这样的话：“护国贤友，有这四种衰损，因具有此四种衰损，此处某些人剃除头发和胡须，披上袈裟，从在家出家，过无家生活。”尊者，此经是针对此事而说的。

Pucchā – atha [Pg.72] kho āvuso āyasmā raṭṭhapālatthero rañño korabyassa kathaṃ paṭhamaṃ dhammuddesaṃ vitthāretvā pakāsesi.

提问：贤友，具寿护国(Raṭṭhapāla)长老最初是如何为拘罗婆(Korabya)王详细开示法的纲要的？

Vissajjanā – atha kho bhante āyasmā raṭṭhapālatthero ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññasi mahārāja tvaṃ vīsativassuddesikopi paṇṇavīsativassuddesikopi hatthismimpi katāvī assasmimpi katāvī rathasmimpi katāvī dhanusmimpi katāvī tharusmimpi katāvī ūrubalī bāhubalī alamatto saṅgāmāvacaro’’ti evamādinā paṭhamaṃ dhammuddesaṃ vitthāretvā pakāsesi.

答复：尊者，具寿护国(Raṭṭhapāla)长老以“大王，您怎么认为？您在二十岁或二十五岁时，是否精通象术、马术、车术、弓术、剑术？是否腿力强健、臂力过人，足以成为战场上的战士？”等话语，首先详细开示了法的纲要。

Pucchā – kathaṃ [Pg.74] panāvuso āyasmā raṭṭhapālatthero rañño korabyassa dutiyampi dhammuddesaṃ vitthāretvā pakāsesi.

提问：贤友，具寿护国(Raṭṭhapāla)长老是如何为拘罗婆(Korabya)王详细开示第二个法的纲要的呢？

Vissajjanā – ‘‘taṃ [Pg.75] kiṃ maññasi mahārāja, atthi te koci anusāyiko ābādho’’ti evamādinā bhante āyasmā raṭṭhapālo rañño korabyassa dutiyaṃ dhammuddesaṃ vitthāretvā pakāsesi.

答复：尊者，具寿护国(Raṭṭhapāla)以“大王，您怎么认为呢？您有什么潜伏的疾病吗？”等话语，为拘罗婆(Korabya)王详细开示了第二个法的纲要。

Pucchā – kathaṃ [Pg.76] panāvuso āyasmā raṭṭhapālatthero rañño korabyassa tatiyampi dhammuddesaṃ vitthāretvā pakāsesi.

提问：贤友，具寿护国(Raṭṭhapāla)长老是如何为拘罗婆(Korabya)王详细开示第三个法的纲要的？

Vissajjanā – ‘‘taṃ [Pg.77] kiṃ maññasi mahārāja, yathā tvaṃ etarahi pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāresi, lacchasi tvaṃ paratthāpi evamevāhaṃ imeheva pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāremī’’ti evamādinā bhante āyasmā raṭṭhapālo rañño korabyassa tatiyaṃ dhammuddesaṃ vitthāretvā pakāsesi.

答复：尊者，具寿护国(Raṭṭhapāla)以“大王，您怎么认为？正如您现在具备、拥有并享受这五欲，您认为来世也能像现在这样，具备、拥有并享受这五欲吗？”等话语，为拘罗婆(Korabya)王详细开示了第三个法的纲要。

Pucchā – catutthampi [Pg.78] kho āvuso dhammuddesaṃ āyasmā raṭṭhapālatthero rañño korabyassa kathaṃ vitthāretvā pakāsesi.

提问：贤友，具寿护国(Raṭṭhapāla)长老是如何为拘罗婆(Korabya)王详细开示第四个法的纲要的？

Vissajjanā – ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññasi mahārāja, phītaṃ kuruṃ ajjhāvasasī’’ti evamādinā bhante āyasmā raṭṭhapālatthero rañño korabyassa catutthaṃ dhammuddesaṃ vitthāretvā pakāsesi.

答复：尊者，具寿护国(Raṭṭhapāla)长老以“大王，您怎么认为？您居住在富庶的拘楼(Kuru)国吗？”等话语，为拘罗婆(Korabya)王详细开示了第四个法的纲要。

Maghadevasutta

摩伽提婆经

Pucchā – maghadevasuttaṃ [Pg.80] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

提问：贤友，世尊所说的《摩伽提婆经》，是在哪里、为了谁、因为什么事情而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – mithilāyaṃ bhante maghadevaambavane āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Bhagavā bhante aññatarasmiṃ padese sitaṃ pātvākāsi, āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ko nu kho bhante ko paccayo bhagavato sitassa pātukammāya, na akāraṇena tathāgatā sitaṃ pātukarontī’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答复——尊者，这是在弥提罗(Mithilā)的摩伽提婆芒果园中，针对具寿阿难所说。世尊在某个地方显露微笑，具寿阿难对世尊这样说：“尊者，世尊显露微笑的因缘是什么？如来不会无故显露微笑。”尊者，就是针对此事而说的。

Madhurasutta

摩偷罗经

Pucchā – madhurasuttaṃ [Pg.81] panāvuso kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，《摩偷罗经》是在哪里、针对谁、因为什么事、由谁所说？

Vissajjanā – madhurāyaṃ bhante rājānaṃ mādhuraṃ avantiputtaṃ ārabbha āyasmatā mahākaccānattherena bhāsitaṃ, rājā bhante mādhuro avantiputto āyasmantaṃ mahākaccānaṃ etadavoca ‘‘brahmaṇā bho kaccāna evamāhaṃsu brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo. Brāhmaṇova sukko vaṇṇo, kaṇho añño vaṇṇo. Brāhmaṇāva sujjhanti[Pg.82], no abrāhmaṇā. Brāhmaṇāva brahmuno puttā orasā mukhato jātā brahmajā brahmanimmitā brahmadāyādāti. Idha bhavaṃ kaccāno kimakkhāyī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答复——尊者，这是在摩偷罗(Madhurā)，针对摩偷罗王阿槃提子，由具寿摩诃迦旃延长老所说。尊者，摩偷罗王阿槃提子对具寿摩诃迦旃延说：“尊者迦旃延，婆罗门们这样说：‘婆罗门是最高贵的种姓，其他种姓是低贱的；婆罗门是白皙的种姓，其他种姓是黝黑的；只有婆罗门才能得到净化，非婆罗门不能；婆罗门是梵天的儿子，是亲生子，从其口中出生，由梵天所生，由梵天所化，是梵天的继承人。’尊者迦旃延，您对此如何说？”尊者，就是针对此事而说的。

Bodhirājakumārasutta

菩提王子经

Pucchā – bodhirājakumārasuttaṃ [Pg.83] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊所说的《菩提王子经》，是在哪里、为了谁、因为什么事情而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – bhaggesu bhante susumāragire bodhiṃ rājakumāraṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Bodhi bhante rājakumāro bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘mayaṃ kho bhante evaṃ hoti. Na kho sukhena sukhaṃ adhigantabbaṃ, dukkhena kho sukhaṃ adhigantabba’’nti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，这是在婆伽国(Bhagga)的苏苏摩罗山(Susumāragira)，针对菩提王子所说。尊者，菩提王子对世尊这样说：“尊者，我们是这样想的，快乐不能通过快乐获得，必须通过痛苦才能获得快乐。”尊者，就是针对此事而说的。

Pucchā – evaṃ [Pg.84] vutte kho āvuso bodhi rājakumāro bhagavantaṃ kathaṃ pucchi, kathañcassa bhagavā byākāsi.

问：贤友，当菩提王子这样说的时候，他是如何问世尊的？世尊又是如何为他解释的？

Vissajjanā – evaṃ vutte bhante bodhirājakumāro bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kīva cirena nu kho bhante bhikkhu tathāgataṃ vināyakaṃ labhamāno yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti, tadanuttaraṃ brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihareyyā’’ti, bhagavā ca bhante ‘‘tena hi rājakumāra taṃyevettha paṭipucchissāmi, yathā te khameyya, tathā naṃ byākareyyāsī’’ti, evamādinā vibhajitvā byākāsi.

答：这样说了之后，菩提王子对世尊说：“尊者，比丘在得到如来作为导师后，要经过多久才能在现世中亲自证知、现证而安住于那无上的梵行究竟，也就是良家子们正确地从在家出家所追求的目的呢？”世尊说：“王子，既然如此，我将反过来问你，就按你觉得合适的来回答吧。”世尊就这样通过分析的方式作了解答。

Pucchā – imañca [Pg.88] panāvuso dhammadesanaṃ sutvā bodhirājakumāro imissaṃ dhammadesanāyaṃ pasanno kīdisaṃ pasannākāramakāsi.

提问：贤友，听闻此法教后，菩提王子对这法教生起净信，他作了怎样的净信表现？

Vissajjanā – imañca pana bhante dhammadesanaṃ sutvā bodhirājakumāro ‘‘aho buddho aho dhammo aho dhammassa svākkhātatā, yatra hi nāma sāyamanusiṭṭho, pāto visesaṃ adhigamissati, pātamanusiṭṭho sāyaṃ visesaṃ adhigamissatī’’ti evamādinā imissaṃ dhammadesanāyaṃ pasanno pasannākāramakāsi.

答复——尊者，菩提王子听了这法教后，心生净信，说道：“啊，佛陀！啊，法！啊，法之善说！如果有人在晚上接受教导，早上就能获得殊胜的成就；如果有人在早上接受教导，晚上就能获得殊胜的成就！”像这样，他对这法教生起净信，并作了净信表现。

Aṅgulimālasutta

指鬘经

Pucchā – aṅgulimālasuttaṃ [Pg.91] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

提问：贤友，世尊是在何处，为了何人，基于何事而说了《指鬘经》呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ aṅgulimālattheraṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante aṅgulimālatthero bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘idhāhaṃ bhante pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisiṃ, addasaṃ kho ahaṃ bhante sāvatthiyaṃ sapadānaṃ piṇḍāya caramāno aññataraṃ itthiṃ mūḷhagabbhaṃ vighātagabbhaṃ disvāna mayhaṃ etadahosi ‘‘kilissanti vata bho sattā, kilissanti vata bho sattā’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答复：尊者，此经是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，缘于具寿指鬘(Aṅgulimāla)长老而说。尊者，具寿指鬘长老对世尊这样说：“尊者，我于上午时，穿好衣，取了衣钵，为乞食而进入舍卫城。尊者，当我在舍卫城次第乞食时，看见一位难产且胎儿受损的妇女。看见之后，我心想：‘啊，众生受苦！啊，众生受苦！’”尊者，就是缘于此事而说。

Piyajātikasutta

爱生经

Pucchā – piyajātikasuttaṃ [Pg.92] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

提问：贤友，世尊是在何处，为了何人，基于何事而说了《爱生经》呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante aññataraṃ gahapatiṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, sāvatthiyaṃ bhante aññatarassa gahapatissa ekaputtako piyo manāpo kālaṅkato hoti, tassa kālaṃ kiriyāya neva kammantā paṭibhanti, na bhattaṃ paṭibhāti, so āḷāhanaṃ gantvā kandati ‘‘kahaṃ ekaputtaka kahaṃ ekaputtakā’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答复：尊者，此经是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，缘于一位居士而说。尊者，舍卫城里有位居士，他唯一疼爱的儿子去世了。儿子死后，他既不想工作，也不想吃饭。他去到火葬场哭喊：“我的独子在哪里？我的独子在哪里？”尊者，就是缘于此事而说。

Bāhitikasutta

外衣经

Pucchā – bāhitika [Pg.93] suttaṃ panāvuso kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena bhāsitaṃ.

提问：贤友，《外衣经》是在何处，关于何人，基于何事，由谁说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante rājānaṃ pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ ārabbha āyasmatā ānandattherena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena bhāsitaṃ. Rājā bhante pasenadi kosalo āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kiṃ nu kho bhante ānanda sobhagavā tathārūpaṃ kāyasamācāraṃ samācareyya, yvassa kāyasamācāro opārambho samaṇehi brāhmaṇehī’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答复：尊者，此经是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，由法藏持者具寿阿难长老，缘于憍萨罗国波斯匿王而说。尊者，憍萨罗国波斯匿王曾对具寿阿难说：“具寿阿难，世尊是否会行某种身行，而该身行会为沙门、婆罗门所指责呢？”尊者，就是缘于此事而说。

Dhammacetiyasutta

法随念经

Pucchā – dhammacetiyasuttaṃ [Pg.94] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kena saddhiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

提问：贤友，世尊是在何处与谁说了《法随念经》呢？

Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante medāḷupe nāma sakyānaṃ nigame raññā pasenadinā kosalena saddhiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答复：尊者，此经是在释迦族一个名为梅达卢帕(Medāḷupa)的市镇，与憍萨罗国波斯匿王一起说的。

Kaṇṇakatthalasutta

迦那迦塔拉经

Pucchā – kaṇṇakatthalasuttaṃ [Pg.95] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kena saddhiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，世尊在何处与何人说了《迦那迦塔拉经》？

Vissajjanā – uruññāyaṃ bhante kaṇṇakatthale migadāye raññā pasenadinā kosalena saddhiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答复——尊者，在乌卢频若(Uruññā)的迦那迦塔拉鹿野苑，与憍萨罗国波斯匿王所说。

Brahmāyusutta

梵寿经

Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena brahmāyusuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，那位世尊……乃至……正等觉者，在何处、针对何人、于何事而说《梵寿经》？

Vissajjanā – videhesu [Pg.96] bhante mithilāyaṃ maghadevaambavane brahmāyuṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Brahmāyu bhante brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā aṭṭhapañhāni pucchi, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答复——尊者，在威德哈(Videha)的弥提罗(Mithilā)城摩伽提婆芒果林(Maghadevaambavana)，针对婆罗门梵寿(Brahmāyu)而说。尊者，婆罗门梵寿前往拜见世尊，问了八个问题，即于此事而说。

Pucchā – tattha [Pg.97] āvuso uttaro māṇavo kathaṃ bhagavato dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇehi samannāgatataṃ attano ācariyassa brahmāyussa brāhmaṇassa sampaṭivedesi.

提问——贤友，当时优陀罗(Uttara)青年是如何向自己的老师婆罗门梵寿禀告世尊具足三十二大士相(dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇa)一事的？

Vissajjanā – tattha bhante uttaro māṇavo ‘‘suppatiṭṭhitapādo kho pana so bhavaṃ gotamo, idampi tassa bhoto gotamassa mahāpurisassa mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṃ bhavatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavato dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇehi samannāgatataṃ attano ācariyassa brahmāyussa brāhmaṇassa sampaṭivedesi.

答复——尊者，当时优陀罗青年以“彼乔达摩尊者双足善立，此亦是彼乔达摩尊者、大士的大士相之一”等语，将世尊具足三十二大士相一事，禀告其师婆罗门梵寿。

Pucchā – aparampi [Pg.101] āvuso uttaro māṇavo bhagavato gamanakāle kīdisaṃ pāsādikaṃ ākāraṃ disvā ca sallakkhetvā ca attano ācariyassa brahmāyussa brāhmaṇassa sampaṭivedesi.

提问——贤友，优陀罗青年在世尊行走时，又见到并审视了何等端严之相，而向其师婆罗门梵寿禀告？

Vissajjanā – aparampi bhante uttaro māṇavo bhagavato gamanakāle paṭhamaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ pāduddharaṇādikaṃ ākāraṃ disvā ca sallakkhetvā ca attano ācariyassa brahmāyussa brāhmaṇassa sampaṭivedesi.

答复——尊者，优陀罗青年在世尊行走时，见到并审视了世尊先抬右足等相后，向其师婆罗门梵寿禀告。

Pucchā – aparampi [Pg.103] āvuso uttaro māṇavo bhagavato antaragharaṃ pavisanakāle kīdisaṃ pāsādikaṃ ākāraṃ disvā ca sallakkhetvā ca attano ācariyassa brahmāyussa brāhmaṇassa sampaṭivedesi.

提问——贤友，优陀罗青年在世尊进入屋舍时，又见到并审视了何等端严之相，而向其师婆罗门梵寿禀告？

Vissajjanā – aparampi bhante uttaro māṇavo bhagavato antaragharaṃ pavisanakāle na kāyassa unnamanādikaṃ pāsādikaṃ disvā ca sallakkhetvā ca attano ācariyassa brahmāyussa brāhmaṇassa sampaṭivedesi.

答复——尊者，优陀罗青年在世尊进入屋舍时，见到并审视了世尊身体无昂举等端严之相后，向其师婆罗门梵寿禀告。

Pucchā – aparampi [Pg.104] āvuso uttaro māṇavo bhagavato bhojanakāle kīdisaṃ pāsādikaṃ ākāraṃ disvā ca sallakkhetvā ca attano ācariyassa brahmāyussa brāhmaṇassa sampaṭivedesi.

提问——贤友，优陀罗青年在世尊用食时，又见到并审视了何等端严之相，而向其师婆罗门梵寿禀告？

Vissajjanā – aparampi bhante uttaro māṇavo bhagavato bhojanakāle pattodakādikaṃ paṭiggahaṇādikāle na pattassa unnamanādikaṃ bhagavato pāsādikaṃ ākāraṃ disvā ca sallakkhetvā ca attano ācariyassa brahmāyussa brāhmaṇassa sampaṭivedesi.

答复——尊者，优陀罗青年在世尊用食时，见到并审视了世尊在接受钵水等时，钵无昂举等端严之相后，向其师婆罗门梵寿禀告。

Pucchā – aparampi [Pg.106] āvuso uttaro māṇavo bhagavato bhuttāvikāle kīdisaṃ pāsādikaṃ ākāraṃ disvā ca sallakkhetvā ca attano ācariyassa brahmāyussa brāhmaṇassa sampaṭivedesi.

提问——贤友，优陀罗青年在世尊用食后，又见到并审视了何等端严之相，而向其师婆罗门梵寿禀告？

Vissajjanā – aparampi bhante uttaro māṇavo bhagavato bhuttāvikāle pattodanādikaṃ paṭiggaṇhādikāle na pattassa unnamanādikaṃ pāsādikaṃ ākāraṃ disvā ca sallakkhetvā ca attano ācariyassa brahmāyussa brāhmaṇassa sampaṭivedesi.

答复——尊者，优陀罗青年在世尊用食后，见到并审视了世尊在接受钵饭等时，钵无昂举等端严之相后，向其师婆罗门梵寿禀告。

Pucchā – aparampi [Pg.107] āvuso uttaro māṇavo bhagavato cīvaradhāraṇe ca ārāmagatakāle ca dhammadesanākāle ca sabbairiyāpathesu ca kīdisaṃ pāsādikaṃ ākāraṃ disvā ca sallakkhetvā ca attano ācariyassa brahmāyussa brāhmaṇassa sampaṭivedesi.

提问——贤友，优陀罗青年又于世尊着衣时、前往园林时、说法时及一切威仪中，见到并审视了何等端严之相，而向其师婆罗门梵寿禀告？

Vissajjanā – aparampi [Pg.108] bhante uttaro māṇavo bhagavato cīvaradhāraṇakāle ca ārāmagatakāle ca sabbesu ca iriyāpathesu na accukkaṭṭhādikaṃ pāsādikaṃ ākāraṃ disvā ca sallakkhetvā ca attano ācariyassa brahmāyussa brāhmaṇassa sampaṭivedesi.

答复——尊者，优陀罗青年又于世尊着衣时、前往园林时及一切威仪中，见到并审视了世尊无过分高举等端严之相后，向其师婆罗门梵寿禀告。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.110] brahmāyu brahmaṇo bhagavantaṃ pucchi, kathañcassa bhagavā byākāsi.

提问——贤友，婆罗门梵寿是如何问世尊的？世尊又是如何为他解说的？

Vissajjanā – ‘‘kathaṃ kho brāhmaṇo hoti, kathaṃ bhavati vedagū. Tevijjo bho kathaṃ hoti, sottiyo kinti vuccati. Arahaṃ bho kathaṃ hoti, kathaṃ bhavati kevalī. Muni ca bho kathaṃ hoti, buddho kinti pavuccatī’’ti – evaṃ kho bhante brahmāyu brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ pañhaṃ apucchi. Bhagavā bhante–

答复——“如何为婆罗门？如何成吠陀通？如何为三明者？如何称多闻者？如何为阿罗汉？如何成圆满者？如何为牟尼？如何称之为佛？”——尊者，婆罗门梵寿即如是问世尊。尊者，世尊——

‘‘Pubbenivāsaṃ yo vedi, saggāpāyañca passati;

Atho jātikkhayaṃ patto, abhiññāvosito muni;

Cittaṃ visuddhaṃ jānāti, muttaṃ rāgehi sabbaso;

Pahīnajātimaraṇo, brahmacariyassa kevalī;

Pāragū sabbadhammānaṃ, buddho tādī pavuccatī’’ti –

“能知于宿住，得见天界恶趣，又达生已尽，神通自在牟尼；知心已清净，解脱一切贪欲，已断生与死，梵行之圆满者，一切法到彼岸，如是者称为佛。”

Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavā brahmāyussa brāhmaṇassa vibhajitvā byākāsi.

尊者，世尊即如是为婆罗门梵寿分别解说。

Pucchā – imañca [Pg.111] panāvuso bhagavato byākaraṇaṃ sutvā brahmāyu brāhmaṇo bhagavati kīdisaṃ nipaccakāraṃ akāsi, kathañcassa bhagavā punapi anupubbiṃ dhammakathaṃ kathesi.

提问——贤友，听闻世尊此番解说后，婆罗门梵寿对世尊作了何等恭敬之行？世尊又是如何再为他次第说法？

Vissajjanā – imañca [Pg.112] pana bhante bhagavato byākaraṇaṃ sutvā brahmāyu brāhmaṇo uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā bhagavato pādesu sirasā nipatitvā bhagavato pādāni mukhena ca paricumbati, pāṇīhi ca parisambāhati, nāmañca sāveti ‘‘brahmāyu ahaṃ bho gotama brāhmaṇo, brahmāyu ahaṃ bho gotama brāhmaṇo’’ti, evaṃ paramanipaccakāraṃ akāsi, bhagavā ca bhante dānakathaṃ sīlakathaṃ saggakathaṃ kāmānaṃ ādīnavaṃ okāraṃ saṃkilesaṃ nekkhamme ānisaṃsaṃ pakāsesi, evaṃ kho bhante brahmāyussa brāhmaṇassa bhagavā anupubbiṃ kathaṃ kathesi.

回答：尊者，梵寿(Brahmāyu)婆罗门听闻世尊的这个说法后，就从座位上起身，偏袒上衣，用头顶礼世尊的双足，以口亲吻，以手按摩，并自报姓名：“我是梵寿婆罗门，乔达摩先生！我是梵寿婆罗门，乔达摩先生！”像这样作了极度的恭敬之礼。尊者，世尊为他开示布施之谈、持戒之谈、生天之谈，以及诸欲的过患、卑劣、杂染，出离的利益。尊者，世尊就是这样次第为梵寿婆罗门说法。

Pucchā – imañca [Pg.113] panāvuso dammadesanaṃ sutvā brahmāyussa brāhmaṇassa kīdiso dhammābhisamayo ahosi.

提问：贤友，听了这场说法后，梵寿婆罗门获得了什么样的法现观呢？

Vissajjanā – imañca [Pg.114] pana bhante dhammadesanaṃ sutvā brahmāyussa brāhmaṇassa tasmiṃyeva āsane virajaṃ vītamalaṃ dhammacakkhuṃ udapādi ‘‘yaṃkiñci samudayadhammaṃ sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhamma’’nti.

回答：尊者，听闻此说法后，梵寿婆罗门就在那个座位上生起了离尘无垢的法眼：“凡是集起之法，皆是灭尽之法。”

Selasutta

塞拉经

Pucchā – selasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

提问：贤友，世尊所说的《塞拉经》是在哪里、针对谁、基于什么事而说的？

Vissajjanā – aṅguttarāpesu bhante āpaṇe nāma aṅguttarāpānaṃ nigameselaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Selo bhante brāhmaṇo sapariso bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ sammukhā sāruppāhi gāthāhi abhitthavi, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

回答：尊者，这是在鸯掘多罗波(Aṅguttarāpa)一个名为阿波那(Āpaṇa)的市镇，针对塞拉(Sela)婆罗门所说的。尊者，塞拉婆罗门带着他的随从前来拜见世尊，在世尊面前以合适的偈颂赞叹世尊，正是在这件事上所说的。

Paripuṇṇakāyo [Pg.116] suruci, sujāto cārudassano;

Suvaṇṇavaṇṇosi bhagavā, susukkadāṭhosi vīriyavā;

Narassa hi sujātassa, ye bhavanti viyañcanā;

Sabbe te tava kāyasmiṃ, mahāpurisalakkhaṇā.

身形圆满，光彩亮丽，善生，容颜悦目；世尊，您身色金黄，齿白且富有活力。凡善生之人所具的诸随相，此等一切大士之相，皆在您身。

Assalāyanasutta

阿萨罗衍拏经

Pucchā – assalāyanasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

提问：贤友，世尊在哪里、针对谁、基于什么事宣说了《阿萨罗衍拏经》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante assalāyanaṃ māṇavaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, assalāyano bhante māṇavo mahatā brāhmaṇagaṇena saddhiṃ bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca ‘‘brāhmaṇā bho gotama evamāhaṃsu ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo. Brāhmaṇova sukko vaṇṇo, kaṇho [Pg.117] añño vaṇṇo. Brāhmaṇāva sujjhanti, no abrāhmaṇā. Brāhmaṇāva brahmuno puttā orasā mukhato jātā brahmajā brahmanimmitā brahmadāyādā’ti, idha bhavaṃ gotamo kimāhā’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

回答：尊者，这是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)针对阿萨罗衍拏(Assalāyana)婆罗门青年所说的。尊者，阿萨罗衍拏婆罗门青年与一大群婆罗门来到世尊面前，这样说道：“乔达摩先生，婆罗门们这样说：‘婆罗门种姓最为优越，其他种姓低劣。婆罗门种姓是白色的，其他种姓是黑色的。只有婆罗门能得清净，非婆罗门不能。婆罗门是梵天的亲生儿子，从口中出生，为梵天所生，为梵天所化，是梵天的继承人。’对此，乔达摩先生您怎么说呢？”尊者，这是在这件事上所说的。

Ghoṭamukhasutta

果达穆卡经

Pucchā – ghoṭamukhasuttaṃ [Pg.119] panāvuso kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，这《果达穆卡经》是在哪里、针对谁、关于什么事、由谁所说？

Vissajjanā – bārāṇasiyaṃ bhante khemiyambavane ghoṭamukhaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha āyasmatā udenena bhāsitaṃ. Ghoṭamukho bhante brāhmaṇo āyasmantaṃ udenaṃ caṅkamantaṃ anucaṅkamamāno evamāha ‘‘ambho samaṇa natthi dhammiko paribbajo, evaṃ me ettha hoti, tañca kho bhavantarūpānaṃ vā adassanā, yo vā panettha dhammā’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

回答——尊者，这是在波罗奈城（Bārāṇasī）的克米亚姆巴林（Khemiyambavana）中，由具寿优陀那（Udena）针对果达穆卡婆罗门所说。尊者，果达穆卡婆罗门跟随经行中的具寿优陀那时，这样说道：“喂，沙门，没有如法的遍行者，我是这么认为的。这或许是因为没有见到具有高尚品德的人，又或者是因为这里没有法。”尊者，就是针对这件事所说。

Caṅkīsutta

阐基经

Pucchā – tenāvuso [Pg.120] bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena caṅkīsuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，由世尊……乃至……正等觉者所说的《阐基经》，是在哪里、针对谁、关于什么事所说？

Vissajjanā – kosalesu bhante opāsāde nāma kosalānaṃ nigame kāpaṭikaṃ māṇavaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, kāpaṭiko bhante māṇavo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘yadidaṃ bho gotama brāhmaṇānaṃ porāṇaṃ mantapadaṃ itihitihaparamparāya piṭakasampadāya, tattha ca brāhmaṇā ekaṃsena niṭṭhaṃ gacchanti ‘idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’nti, idha bhavaṃ gotamo kimāhā’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

回答——尊者，在憍萨罗一个名叫奥巴萨德（Opasāda）的市镇里，是针对卡帕提卡（Kāpaṭika）青年所说。尊者，卡帕提卡青年对世尊说：“乔达摩先生，对于婆罗门自古以来，通过代代相传及圣典传承的咒语，婆罗门们得出了绝对的结论：‘只有这个是真理，其他的都是虚妄。’对此，尊者乔达摩怎么说呢？”尊者，就是针对这件事所说。

Esukārīsutta

埃苏咖利经

Pucchā – esukārīsuttaṃ [Pg.122] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，世尊所说的《埃苏咖利经》是在哪里、针对谁、关于什么事所说？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante esukāriṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, esukārī bhante brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca ‘‘brāhmaṇā bho gotama catasso pāricariyā paññapenti, brāhmaṇassa pāricariyaṃ paññapenti, khattiyassa pāricariyaṃ paññapenti, vessassa pāricariyaṃ paññapenti, suddassa pāricariyaṃ paññapentī’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

回答——尊者，这是在舍卫城（Sāvatthī）针对埃苏咖利婆罗门所说。尊者，埃苏咖利婆罗门来到世尊面前，这样说道：“乔达摩先生，婆罗门们规定了四种侍奉：为婆罗门侍奉，为刹帝利侍奉，为吠舍侍奉，以及为首陀罗侍奉。”尊者，就是针对这件事所说。

Dhanañjānisutta

达那阇尼经

Pucchā – dhanañjānisuttaṃ [Pg.125] panāvuso kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，这《达那阇尼经》是在哪里、针对谁、关于什么事、由谁所说？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante dhanañjāniṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ, dhanañjāni bhante brāhmaṇo pamādavihāraṃ vihāsi, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

回答——尊者，此经是在王舍城，由具寿法将舍利弗长老针对达那阇尼（Dhanañjāni）婆罗门所说。尊者，达那阇尼婆罗门住于放逸，就是针对这件事所说。

Pucchā – atha [Pg.126] kho āvuso āyasmā sāriputtatthero dhammasenāpati kathaṃ dhanañjāniṃ brāhmaṇaṃ pucchi, kathañca so āyasmato sāriputtattherassa dhammasenāpatissa ārocesi.

提问——贤友，具寿法将舍利弗长老如何询问达那阇尼婆罗门，他又如何向具寿法将舍利弗长老禀告？

Vissajjanā – ‘‘kaccāsi dhanañjāni appamatto’’ti, evaṃ kho bhante āyasmā sāriputtatthero dhammasenāpati dhanañjāniṃ brāhmaṇaṃ pucchi, dhanañjāni ca bhante brāhmaṇo ‘‘kuto bho sāriputta amhākaṃ appamādo, yesaṃ no mātāpitaro posetabbā’’ti, evamādinā āyasmato sāriputtassa dhammasenāpatissa ārocesi.

回答——“达那阇尼，你是否精进？”尊者，具寿法将舍利弗长老这样询问达那阇尼婆罗门。尊者，达那阇尼婆罗门则回答说：“舍利弗，我们怎么能精进呢？我们还要赡养父母。”他以如是等语向具寿法将舍利弗长老陈述。

Pucchā – evaṃ [Pg.128] vutte kho āvuso āyasmā sāriputtatthero dhammasenāpati dhanañjānissa brāhmaṇassa kīdisaṃ dhammakathaṃ kathesi.

提问——贤友，听了这话后，具寿法将舍利弗长老对达那阇尼婆罗门说了什么样的法语？

Vissajjanā – evaṃ vutte bhante āyasmā sāriputtatthero dhammasenāpati ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññasi dhanañjāni, idhekacco mātāpitūnaṃ hetu adhammacārī visamacārī assa, tamenaṃ adhammacariyā visamacariyāhetu nirayaṃ nirayapālā upakaḍḍheyyu’’nti, evamādinā dhanañjānissa brāhmaṇassa dhammakathaṃ kathesi.

回答——听了这话后，尊者，具寿法将舍利弗长老说：“达那阇尼，你认为如何？如果有人为了父母的缘故，行为不符合法，行为不正，地狱的狱卒会因为他不符合法和行为不正的缘故，将他拖入地狱吗？”他以如是等语为达那阇尼婆罗门说法。

Pucchā – puna [Pg.130]pi āvuso āyasmā sāriputtatthero dhammasenāpati kathaṃ dhanañjānissa brāhmaṇassa aparenapi pariyāyena anusāsaniṃ adāsi.

提问——贤友，具寿法将舍利弗长老又是如何以另一种方式教诫达那阇尼婆罗门的呢？

Vissajjanā – punapi bhante āyasmā sāriputtatthero dhammasenāpati ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññasi dhanañjāni, yo vā mātāpitūnaṃ hetu adhammacārī visamacārī assa, yo vā mātāpitūnaṃ hetu dhammacārī samacārī assa, katamaṃ seyyo’’ti, evamādinā dhanañjānissa brāhmaṇassa aparenapi pariyāyena ovādamadāsi.

回答——尊者，具寿法将舍利弗长老又对达那阇尼婆罗门说：“达那阇尼，你怎么认为呢？为了父母的缘故，行为不符合法，行为不正，与为了父母的缘故，行为符合法，行为正直，哪一种更好呢？”就这样，再次以其他方式教导达那阇尼婆罗门。

Pucchā – aparabhāge [Pg.132]pi āvuso āyasmā sāriputtatthero dhammasenāpati kathaṃ dhanañjānissa brāhmaṇassa maraṇasamaye dhammakathaṃ kathesi, kathañcassa abhisamparāyo ahosi.

提问——贤友，后来具寿法将舍利弗长老是怎样在达那阇尼婆罗门临终时说法的？他死后的去向又是如何？

Vissajjanā – aparabhāge [Pg.133]pi bhante āyasmā sāriputtatthero dhammasenāpati dhanañjānissa brāhmaṇassa maraṇasamayepi cattāro brahmavihāre desesi, dhanañjāni ca bhante brāhmaṇo kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā brahmalokūpago ahosi.

回答——尊者，后来，具寿法将舍利弗长老在达那阇尼婆罗门临终时，也为他开示了四梵住。尊者，达那阇尼婆罗门身坏命终之后，往生到了梵天界。

Vāseṭṭhasutta

婆悉吒经

Pucchā – vāseṭṭhasuttaṃ [Pg.135] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问——贤友，世尊所说的《婆悉吒经》是在哪里、针对谁、基于什么事而宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – icchānaṅgale bhante vāseṭṭhaṃ māṇavaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Vāseṭṭho bhante māṇavo bhagavantaṃ gāthāhi ajjhabhāsi –

答——尊者，这是在伊车能伽罗(Icchānaṅgala)，针对婆悉吒青年婆罗门所说。尊者，婆悉吒青年婆罗门以偈颂对世尊说：

‘‘Anuññātapaṭiññātā, tevijjā mayamasmubho;

Ahaṃ pokkharasātissa, tārukkhassāyaṃ māṇavo.

“我等二人皆是公认的三明者；我乃波卡拉萨提之徒，此青年婆罗门乃达鲁卡之徒。

Tevijjānaṃ yadakkhātaṃ, tatra kevalinesmase;

Padakasmā veyyākaraṇā, jappe ācariyasādisā;

Tesaṃ no jātivādasmiṃ, vivādo atthi gotama.

“三明者所宣说，我等皆能精通；于词句、文法与念诵方面，我等皆如师长；乔达摩，我等对种姓论有争议。

Jātiyā brāhmaṇo hoti, bhāradvājo iti bhāsati;

Ahañca kammunā brūmi, evaṃ jānāhi cakkhuma.

“巴罗多迦说：‘由种姓而为婆罗门’；我则说：‘由业而为婆罗门’。具眼者，请你如此知晓。

Tena sakkoma ñāpetuṃ, aññaṃmaññaṃ mayaṃ ubho;

Bhavantaṃ puṭṭhumāgamā, sambuddhaṃ iti vissutaṃ.

“我等二人无法互相阐明；故前来请问您，闻名之正自觉者。

Candaṃ yathā khayātītaṃ, pecca pañjalikā janā;

Vandanā namassanti, evaṃ lokasmiṃ gotamaṃ.

“犹如月亮超越亏蚀，人们合掌前来礼敬；世间亦如是礼敬乔达摩。

Cakkhuṃ [Pg.136] loke samuppannaṃ, mayaṃ pucchāma gotamaṃ;

Jātiyā brāhmaṇo hoti, udāhu bhavati kammunā;

Ajānataṃ no pabrūhi, yathā jānemu brāhmaṇanti.

“世间之眼已生起，我等请问乔达摩：婆罗门是由种姓而生，抑或由业而生？请为我等无知者宣说，以便我等知晓何为婆罗门。”

Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

尊者，世尊就是针对此事而说的。

Subhasutta

善经

Pucchā – subhasuttaṃ [Pg.137] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问——贤友，世尊所说的《善经》是在哪里、针对谁、基于什么事而宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante subhaṃ māṇavaṃ todeyyaputtaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Subho bhante māṇavo todeyyaputto bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca ‘‘brāhmaṇā bho gotama evamāhaṃsu’ gahaṭṭho ārādhako hoti ñāyaṃ dhammaṃ kusalaṃ, na pabbajito ārādhako hoti ñāyaṃ dhammaṃ kusalanti, idha bhavaṃ gotamo kimāhā’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答——尊者，这是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对多迭亚之子善青年婆罗门所说的。尊者，多迭亚之子善青年婆罗门去拜访世尊，然后这样说：“乔达摩先生，婆罗门们是这样说的：‘在家人能够成就正法、善法，出家人不能成就正法、善法。’关于此事，乔达摩先生您怎么说？”尊者，世尊就是针对此事而说的。

Pucchā – puna [Pg.138]pi āvuso subho māṇavo todeyyaputto kathaṃ bhagavantaṃ pucchi, kathañca bhagavā vibhajja byākāsi.

问——贤友，多迭亚之子善青年婆罗门又如何请问世尊？世尊又是如何分别解说的？

Vissajjanā – ‘‘brāhmaṇā bho gotama evamāhaṃsu ‘mahaṭṭhamidaṃ mahākiccaṃ mahādhikaraṇaṃ mahāsamārambhaṃ, gharāvāsakammaṭṭhānaṃ mahapphalaṃ hoti. Appaṭṭhamidaṃ appakiccaṃ appādhikaraṇaṃ appasamārambhaṃ, pabbajjā kammaṭṭhānaṃ appaphalaṃ hotī’ti. Idha bhavaṃ gotamo kimāhā’’ti. Evaṃ kho bhante subho māṇavo todeyyaputto punapi bhagavantaṃ pucchi. Bhagavā ca bhante ‘‘etthāpi kho ahaṃ māṇava vibhajjavādā, nāhamettha ekaṃsavādoti’’ evamādinā vibhajja byākāsi.

答——“乔达摩先生，婆罗门们是这样说的：‘居家生活是大事、大业、大管理、大兴作，居家修行能带来大果报。而出家生活是小事、小业、小管理、小兴作，出家修行果报很小。’对此，乔达摩先生您怎么说？”尊者，多迭亚之子善青年婆罗门就这样再次问了世尊。尊者，世尊以“青年婆罗门，关于这个问题，我也是分别而说，我不是一概而论”等语，作了分别解说。

Saṅgāravasutta

桑伽罗瓦经

Pucchā – saṅgāravasuttaṃ [Pg.141] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，世尊所说的《桑伽罗瓦经》是在哪里、针对谁、基于什么事情而宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – kosalesu bhante cañcalikappe nāma gāme saṅgāravaṃ māṇavaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, saṅgāravo bhante māṇavo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘santi kho bho gotama eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā diṭṭhadhammābhiññāvosānapāramippattā ādibrahmacariyaṃ paṭijānanti. Tatra bho gotama ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā diṭṭhadhammābhiññāvosānapāramippattā ādibrahmacariyaṃ paṭijānanti, tesaṃ bhavaṃ gotamo katamo’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答复——尊者，在憍萨罗(Kosala)国，一个名叫羌迦利迦波(Cañcalikappa)的村庄，是针对桑伽罗瓦(Saṅgārava)婆罗门青年而说的。尊者，桑伽罗瓦婆罗门青年对世尊说了这番话：“贤者乔达摩(Gotama)，有一些沙门、婆罗门宣称在现法中已亲证、完结、抵达究竟，并宣称已圆满初始梵行。贤者乔达摩，在那些宣称在现法中已亲证、完结、抵达究竟，并宣称已圆满初始梵行的沙门、婆罗门中，尊者乔达摩您是哪一类呢？”尊者，就是针对这件事而说的。

Devadahasutta

天臂经

Pucchā – tenāvuso [Pg.145] bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena devadahasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，那位知者、见者、阿罗汉、正等觉者世尊，是在哪里、针对谁宣说了《天臂经》呢？

Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante devadahe nāma sakyānaṃ nigame samma hule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答复——尊者，在释迦族中，一个名叫天臂城(Devadaha)的市镇，是针对众多比丘而说的。

Pañcattayasutta

五三经

Pucchā – pañcattayasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，世尊所说的《五三经》是在哪里、针对谁而宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答复——尊者，这是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对众多比丘而说的。

Kintisutta

诘问经

Pucchā – kintisuttaṃ [Pg.146] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，世尊所说的《诘问经》是在何处、针对何人而宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – pisinārāyaṃ bhante baliharaṇe nāma vanasaṇḍe sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答复——尊者，这是在拘尸那罗(Kusinārā)，一个名叫力士供养处(Baliharaṇa)的林苑，针对众多比丘而说的。

Pucchā – tattha [Pg.147] āvuso bhagavā kathaṃ paṭhamaṃ bhikkhū paṭipucchitvā ovādamadāsi, yo bahujanassa atthāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattati.

提问——贤友，在那里，世尊最初是如何询问比丘们，然后给予教诫的呢？那教诫是为了许多人的利益、安乐与幸福。

Vissajjanā – tattha bhante bhagavā ‘‘kinti vo bhikkhave mayi hoti, cīvarahetu vā samaṇo gotamo dhammaṃ deseti, piṇḍapātahetu vā, senāsanahetu vā, itibhavābhavahetu vā samaṇo gotamo dhammaṃ desetī’’ti bhikkhū pucchitvā ‘‘tasmātiha bhikkhave ye vo mayā dhammā abhiññā desitā. Seyyathidaṃ, cattāro satipaṭṭhānā cattāro sammappadhānā cattāro iddhipādā pañcindriyāni pañca balāni satta bojjhaṅgā ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo. Tattha sabbeheva samaggehi sammodamānehi avivadamānehi sikkhitabbaṃ’’ evamādinā bhante bhikkhūnaṃ ovādamadāsi.

答复——尊者，世尊在那里询问比丘们：“比丘们，你们对我有什么看法？沙门乔达摩是为了衣的缘故说法，还是为了食的缘故，还是为了住处的缘故，还是为了此有后有的缘故而说法呢？”询问比丘们后，世尊如此开示：“比丘们，因此，对于我亲证后所宣说的这些法，即：四念住、四正勤、四神足、五根、五力、七觉支、八圣道分，你们所有人都应当于此和合、欢喜、不争论地修学。”尊者，世尊就这样教导了比丘们。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.150] bhagavā tattha dutiyampi bhikkhūnaṃ ovādaṃ adāsi. Yo bahujanassa atthāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattati.

提问——贤友，世尊在那里第二次又是如何教诫比丘们的呢？那教诫是为了许多人的利益、安乐与幸福。

Vissajjanā – tattha bhante bhagavā ‘‘tesañca vo bhikkhave samaggānaṃ sammodamānānaṃ avivadamānānaṃ sikkhataṃ siyā aññatarassa bhikkhuno āpatti, siyā vītikkamo. Tatra bhikkhave na codanāya taritabbaṃ puggalo upaparikkhitabbo’’ti evamādinā bhikkhūnaṃ dutiyampi ovādamadāsi.

答复——尊者，在那里，世尊第二次如此教诫比丘们：“比丘们，当你们和合、欢喜、不争论地修学时，可能有某个比丘犯了罪，或有了过失。比丘们，在这种情况下，不应立即指责，应当先审查那个人。”尊者，世尊就是如此这般地第二次给予比丘们教诫。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.152] bhagavā tattha tatiyampi bhikkhūnaṃ ovādaṃ adāsi, yo bahujanassa atthāya hitāya sukhāya saṃvattati.

提问——贤友，世尊在那里第三次又是如何教诫比丘们的呢？那教诫是为了许多人的利益、安乐与幸福。

Vissajjanā – ‘‘tesañca vo bhikkhave samaggānaṃ sammodamānānaṃ avivadamānānaṃ sikkhataṃ aññamaññassa vacīsaṃhāro uppajjeyya diṭṭhipaḷāso cetaso āghāto appaccayo anabhiraddhī’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavā tattha tatiyampi bhikkhūnaṃ ovādamadāsi.

答复——尊者，在那里，世尊第三次如此教诫比丘们：“比丘们，当你们和合、欢喜、不争论地修学时，可能会生起相互间的言语冲突、见解上的争执、心中的怨恨、不信任与不喜悦……”尊者，世尊就是如此这般地第三次给予比丘们教诫。

Pucchā – tenāvuso [Pg.154] bhikkhunā evaṃ satthu ovādānusāsanikārinā āyasmā nu te bhikkhu akusalā vuṭṭhāpetvā kusale patiṭṭhāpetīti parehi puṭṭhena kathaṃ sammā byākaramānena byākātabbaṃ.

提问——贤友，当一位如此遵循导师教诫的比丘被他人问道：“具寿，您是否让那些比丘们舍离不善法，安住于善法呢？”他应当如何正确地回答？

Vissajjanā – ‘‘idhāhaṃ āvuso yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃ, tassa me bhagavā dhammaṃ desesi, tāhaṃ dhammaṃ sutvā tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ abhāsiṃ, taṃ te bhikkhū dhammaṃ sutvā akusalā vuṭṭhahiṃsu kusale patiṭṭhahiṃsū’’ti. Evaṃ kho bhante tena bhikkhunā evaṃ satthu ovādānusāsanikārinā parehi puṭṭhena sammā byākaramānena byākātabbaṃ.

答复——“贤友，我前往世尊之处，世尊为我说法。我听闻那法后，对那些比丘们说了。那些比丘听闻那法后，便舍离了不善法，安住于善法中。”尊者，一位如此遵循导师教诫的比丘，当被他人询问时，应当这样正确地回答。

Sāmagāmasutta

僧伽摩村经

Pucchā – sāmagāmasuttaṃ [Pg.155] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊所说的《僧伽摩村经》是在哪里、为了谁、基于什么事情而说的？

Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante sāmagāme nāma sakyānaṃ nigame āyasmantañca ānandaṃ āyasmantañca cundaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, āyasmā ca bhante ānando āyasmā ca cundo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamisu, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu, ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ayaṃ bhante cundo samaṇuddeso evamāha ‘nigaṇṭho bhante nāṭaputto pāvāyaṃ adhunā kālaṅkato, tassa kālaṅkiriyāya bhinnā nigaṇṭhā dvedhikajātā bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṃ mukhasattīhi vitudantā viharanti…pe… [Pg.156] bhinnathūpe appaṭisaraṇe’ti. Tassa mayhaṃ bhante evaṃ hoti ‘māheva bhagavato accayena saṅghe vivādo uppajji, svāssa vivādo bahujanaahitāya bahujanaasukhāya bahuno janassa anatthāya ahitāya dukkhāya devamanussāna’nti’’. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答——尊者，此经是世尊在释迦国一个名叫僧伽摩村(Sāmagāma)的城镇，针对具寿阿难与具寿纯陀而说的。尊者，具寿阿难与具寿纯陀去到世尊那里，去到后，顶礼世尊，坐于一旁。坐于一旁的具寿阿难对世尊这么说：“尊者，这位纯陀沙弥这样说：‘尊者，尼乾陀·若提子(Nigaṇṭha Nāṭaputta)最近在波婆(Pāvā)去世了。他去世后，尼乾陀教徒们分裂了，分成两派，发生争论、争吵、争执，陷入争端，他们住于以口舌为矛相互攻击……犹如塔崩，无有依归。’尊者，我当时这么想：‘愿世尊灭度后，僧团中不要发生争执！那样的争执，将为许多人的无益、不乐，为天人的无利、无益与痛苦。’”尊者，此经是于此事而说。

Sunakkhattasutta

善宿经

Pucchā – sunakkhattasuttaṃ [Pg.158] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊所说的《善宿经》是在哪里、针对谁、基于什么事由而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – vesāliyaṃ bhante sunakkhattaṃ licchaviputtaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, sunakkhatto bhante licchaviputto bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca ‘‘sutaṃ metaṃ bhante sambahulehi kira bhikkhūhi bhagavato santike aññā byākatā khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānāmāti. Kacci te bhante bhikkhū sammadeva aññaṃ byākaṃsu, udāhu santetthekacce bhikkhū adhimānena aññaṃ byākaṃsū’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答——尊者，此经是世尊在毗舍离(Vesālī)，针对离车子善宿(Sunakkhatta Licchaviputta)而说的。尊者，离车子善宿去到世尊那里，这么说：“尊者，我听说，有许多比丘在世尊面前宣称已证得究竟智：‘我知“生已尽，梵行已立，所作已办，不更受后有”。’尊者，那些比丘是如实地宣称已证得究竟智，还是其中有些比丘是因增上慢而宣称已证得究竟智呢？”尊者，此经是于此事而说。

Āneñjasappāyasutta

不动适宜经

Pucchā – āneñjasappāyasuttaṃ [Pg.161] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊所说的《不动适宜经》是在哪里、为了谁、基于什么事情而说的？

Vissajjanā – kurūsu bhante kammāsadhamme nāma kurūnaṃ nigame sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答——尊者，此经是世尊在拘卢国(Kuru)一个名叫剑磨瑟昙(Kammāsadhamma)的城镇，针对众多比丘而说的。

Gaṇakammoggallānasutta

算数家目犍连经

Pucchā – gaṇakamoggallānasuttaṃ [Pg.162] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊是在哪里、针对谁、就什么事而说《算数家目犍连经》的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante gaṇakamoggallānaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, gaṇakamoggallāno bhante brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca ‘‘seyyāthāpi bho gotama imassa migāramātupāsādassa dissati anupubbasikkhā anupubbakiriyā anupubbapaṭipadā yadidaṃ yāva pacchimasopānakaḷevarā…pe… sakkā nukho bho gotama imasmimpi dhammavinaye evameva anupubbasikkhā anupubbakiriyā anupubbapaṭipadā paññapetu’’nti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对婆罗门算数家目犍连(Gaṇaka Moggallāna)而说。尊者，婆罗门算数家目犍连去到世尊那里，说了这番话：“乔达摩先生，譬如这座鹿母讲堂，可以看到有次第的学、次第的行、次第的道，也就是直到最后的阶梯……乔达摩先生，是否可能也在这法与律中，同样地安立有次第的学、次第的行、次第的道呢？”尊者，就是于此事中而说的。

Pucchā – evaṃ [Pg.165] vutte kho āvuso gaṇakamoggallāno brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ kiṃ avoca, kathañcassa bhagavā byākāsi.

问：贤友，当这样说后，婆罗门算数家目犍连对世尊说了什么？世尊又是如何为他解说的呢？

Vissajjanā – evaṃ vutte bhante gaṇakamoggallāno brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kiṃ nu kho bhoto gotamassa sāvakā bhotā gotamena evaṃ ovadīyamānā evaṃ anusāsīyamānā sabbe accantaṃ niṭṭhaṃ nibbānaṃ ārodhenti, udāhu ekacce nārādhentī’’ti, bhagavā ca bhante ‘‘appekacce kho brāhmaṇa mama sāvakā mayā evaṃ ovadīyamānā evaṃ anusāsīyamānā accantaṃ niṭṭhaṃ nibbānaṃ ārādhenti, ekacce nārādhentī’’ti evamādinā gaṇakamoggallānassa brāhmaṇassa byākāsi.

答：尊者，当这样说后，婆罗门算数家目犍连对世尊说了这番话：“乔达摩尊者，您的弟子们，被乔达摩尊者如此教诫、如此训导，是所有人都证达究竟涅槃，还是有些人不能证达呢？”尊者，世尊以“婆罗门，我的弟子们，被我如此教诫、如此训导，有些人证达究竟涅槃，有些人不能证达”等话语，为婆罗门算数家目犍连解说。

Pucchā – imañca [Pg.168] panāvuso dhammadesanaṃ sutvā gaṇako moggallāno imasmiṃ dhammavinaye pasanno kīdisaṃ pasannākāramakāsi.

问：贤友，算数家目犍连听闻此说法后，于此法与律中生起净信，他表现出怎样的净信之相呢？

Vissajjanā – imañca pana bhante dhammadesanaṃ sutvā gaṇakamoggallāno brāhmaṇo ‘‘ye me bho gotama puggalā asaddhā jīvikatthā na saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitā’’ti evamādinā imasmiṃ dhammavinaye pasanno pasannākāramakāsi.

答：尊者，听闻此说法后，婆罗门算数家目犍连以“乔达摩尊者，那些无信、为生计而非因信，从在家而出家的人……”等话语，于此法与律中生起净信，表现出净信之相。

Gopakamoggallānasutta

瞿波迦目犍连经

Pucchā – gopakamoggallānasuttaṃ [Pg.170] panāvuso kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，《瞿波迦目犍连经》是在哪里、针对谁、就什么事、由谁所说？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante gopakamoggallānaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha āyasmatā ānandattherena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena bhāsitaṃ, gopakamoggallāno bhante brāhmaṇo āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca ‘‘atthi nu kho bho ānanda ekabhikkhupi tehi dhammehi sabbena sabbaṃ sabbathā sabbaṃ samannāgato, yehi dhammehi samannāgato so bhavaṃ gotamo ahosi arahaṃ sammāsambuddho’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是在王舍城(Rājagaha)，由法宝藏主具寿阿难长老，针对婆罗门瞿波迦目犍连(Gopaka Moggallāna)而说。尊者，婆罗门瞿波迦目犍连对具寿阿难说了这番话：“阿难先生，是否哪怕有一位比丘，能于一切方面、以一切方式，完全具备那位乔达摩尊者——阿罗汉、正等觉者——所具备的那些法呢？”尊者，就是于此事中而说的。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.173] tattha āyasmatā ānandattherena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena bhikkhuno pasādanīyā dhammā pakāsitā, ye tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena akkhātā. Yehi ca samannāgataṃ bhikkhuṃ aññe bhikkhū sakkareyyuṃ garuṃ kareyyuṃ māneyyuṃ pūjeyyuṃ sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyuṃ.

问：贤友，当时法宝藏主具寿阿难长老，是如何开示那些能令人生起净信之法？那些法是由知者、见者、阿罗汉、正等觉者的世尊所说，而具足了那些法的比丘，其他比丘会恭敬、尊重、尊敬、供养他，并在恭敬、尊重后依止而住。

Vissajjanā – idha brāhmaṇa bhikkhu sīlavā hoti, pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu, bahussuto hoti sutadharo sutasannicayo, yeme dhammā ādikalyāṇā majjhekalyāṇā pariyosānakalyāṇā sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ abhivadanti, tathārūpassa dhammā bahussutā honti dhātā vacasā paricitā manasānupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhāti evamādinā bhante tattha āyasmatā ānandattherena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena dasa pasādanīyā dhammā pakāsitā. Ye tena bhagatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena akkhātā, yehi samannāgataṃ bhikkhuṃ etarahi bhikkhū sakkareyyuṃ garuṃ kareyyuṃ māneyyuṃ pūjeyyuṃ sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyuṃ.

答：尊者，婆罗门，于此，有比丘具足戒，守护波罗提木叉律仪而住，具足正行与行处，于微细罪中见怖畏，受持学处于学处中学习。他多闻、持所闻、积集所闻，凡那些初善、中善、后善，义妙、文妙，宣说圆满、遍净梵行的法，如是之法他已多闻、受持、言语通利、意所审察、以见善通达。尊者，法宝藏主具寿阿难长老，以如是等方式开示了十种能令人生起净信之法。那些法是由知者、见者、阿罗汉、正等觉者的世尊所说，而如今的比丘们，对于具足了那些法的比丘，会恭敬、尊重、尊敬、供养他，并在恭敬、尊重后依止而住。

Pucchā – evaṃ [Pg.178] vutte kho āvuso vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto kīdisaṃ pasaṃsāvacanaṃ kathesi, kathañcassa āyasmā ānandatthero dhammabhaṇḍāgāriko taṃ vacanaṃ paṭisodhetvā pakāsesi.

问：贤友，当这样说后，摩揭陀(Magadha)大臣婆罗门雨行(Vassakāra)说了怎样的赞叹之语？法宝藏主具寿阿难长老又是如何澄清并开示其言辞的？

Vissajjanā – evaṃ [Pg.179] vutte vassakāro brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto upanandaṃ senāpatiṃ āmantesi ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññasi bhavaṃ senāpati, yadi me bhonto sakkātabbaṃ sakkaronti, garuṃ kātabbaṃ garuṃ karonti, mānetabbaṃ mānenti, pūjetabbaṃ pūjentī’’ti evamādikaṃ pasaṃsāvacanaṃ kathesi, āyasmā ca bhante ānando ‘‘na ca kho brāhmaṇa so bhagavā sabbaṃ jhānaṃ vaṇṇesi, napi so bhagavā sabbaṃ jhānaṃ na vaṇṇesī’’ti evamādinā taṃ vacanaṃ paṭisodhetvā pakāsesi.

答：尊者，当这样说后，摩揭陀大臣婆罗门雨行对优波难陀(Upananda)将军说：“将军尊者，您怎么看？这些尊者们恭敬可恭敬者，尊重可尊重者，尊敬可尊敬者，供养可供养者。”他说了如是等赞叹之语。尊者，具寿阿难则以“婆罗门，世尊并非赞叹一切禅，也非不赞叹一切禅”等话语，澄清并开示其言辞。

Mahāpuṇṇamasutta

大满月经

Pucchā – mahāpuṇṇamasuttaṃ [Pg.182] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，《大满月经》是世尊在何处、对谁、于何事而说？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante aññataraṃ saṭṭhimattānaṃ padhānīyabhikkhūnaṃ saṅghattheraṃ bhikkhuṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, aññataro bhante

答：尊者，是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对约六十位精进比丘中的一位僧团长老比丘而说。尊者，

Saṭṭhimattānaṃ [Pg.183] padhānīyabhikkhūnaṃ saṅghatthero bhikkhu uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ cīvaraṃ katvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘puccheyyāhaṃ bhante bhagavantaṃ kiñcideva desaṃ, sace me bhagavā okāsaṃ karoti pañhassa veyyākaraṇāyā’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

约六十位精进比丘中的僧团长老比丘从座位起身，偏袒一肩着衣，向世尊合掌，对世尊说：“尊者，如果世尊给我机会为问题作解答，我愿请教世尊一些事情。”尊者，即是于此事而说。

Cūḷapuṇṇamasutta

小满月经

Pucchā – cūḷapuṇṇamasuttaṃ [Pg.184] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊在何处、对谁说了《小满月经》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是在舍卫城针对众多比丘而说。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.185] tattha bhagavatā asappurisaaṅgāni vibhajitvā pakāsitāni.

问：贤友，世尊在那里是如何分别开示非善人法的？

Vissajjanā – asappuriso bhikkhave assaddhammasamannāgato hoti, asappurisabhatti hoti, asappurisacintī hoti, asappurisamantī hoti, asappurisavāco hoti, asappurisakammanto hoti, asappurisadiṭṭhi hoti, asappurisadānaṃ detīti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā aṭṭha asappurisaaṅgāni vibhajitvā pakāsitāni.

答：诸比丘，非善人具足非正法，亲近非善人，思非善人之所思，议非善人之所议，说非善人之语，作非善人之业，持非善人之见，行非善人之施。尊者，世尊在那里即是如此分别开示了八种非善人法。

Pucchā – kathaṃ [Pg.186] panāvuso bhagavatā tattha sappurisaaṅgāni vibhajitvā pakāsitāni.

问：贤友，世尊在那里是如何分别开示善人法的？

Vissajjanā – sappuriso bhikkhave saddhammasamannāgato hoti, sappurisabhatti hoti, sappurisacintī hoti, sappurisamantī hoti, sappurisavāco hoti, sappurisakammanto hoti, sappurisadiṭṭhi hoti, sappurisadānaṃ detīti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā tattha aṭṭhavidhāni sappurisaṅgāni vibhajitvā pakāsitāni.

答：诸比丘，善人具足正法，亲近善人，思善人之所思，议善人之所议，说善人之语，作善人之业，持善人之见，行善人之施。尊者，世尊在那里即是如此分别开示了八种善人法。

Anupadasutta

次第经

Pucchā – anupadasuttaṃ [Pg.188] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，《次第经》是世尊在何处、对谁、于何事而说？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, sambahulā bhante bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa dhammasenāpatissa sabhāgā tasmiṃ samaye sannipatiṃsu, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是在舍卫城，针对众多比丘而说。尊者，当时有众多比丘聚集在法将具寿舍利弗处，即是于此事而说。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.189] tattha bhagavatā āyasmato sāriputtassa dhammasenāpatissa anupadadhammavipassanā vitthārena vibhajitvā pakāsitā.

问：贤友，世尊是如何为法将具寿舍利弗详细分别开示次第法观的？

Vissajjanā – paṇḍito bhikkhave sāriputto mahāpañño bhikkhave sāriputto puthupañño bhikkhave sāriputto hāsapañño [Pg.190] bhikkhave sāriputto tikkhapañño bhikkhave sāriputto javanapañño bhikkhave sāriputto nibbedhikapañño bhikkhave sāriputto sāriputto bhikkhave aḍḍhamāsaṃ anupadadhammavipassanaṃ vipassatīti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā āyasmato sāriputtassa dhammasenāpatissa anupadadhammavipassanā vitthārena pakāsitā.

答：诸比丘，舍利弗是智者；诸比丘，舍利弗是大慧者；诸比丘，舍利弗是广慧者；诸比丘，舍利弗是捷慧者；诸比丘，舍利弗是锐慧者；诸比丘，舍利弗是速慧者；诸比丘，舍利弗是决择慧者。诸比丘，舍利弗用半个月修习次第法观。尊者，世尊在那里即是如此详细开示了法将具寿舍利弗的次第法观。

Chabbisodhanasutta

六清净经

Pucchā – tenāvuso…pe… [Pg.192] sammāsambuddhena chabbisodhanasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，……乃至……正等觉者所说的《六清净经》是在哪里，针对谁而说的？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是在舍卫城，针对众多比丘所说的。

Sappurisasutta

善人经

Pucchā – sappurisasuttaṃ [Pg.193] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊在哪里、针对什么而说了《善人经》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是在舍卫城，针对众多比丘所说的。

Sevitabbāsevitabbasutta

应亲近不应亲近经

Pucchā – sevitabbāsevitabbasuttaṃ [Pg.194] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kena saddhiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊所说的《应亲近不应亲近经》，是在哪里、针对什么、与谁一起说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā saddhiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是在舍卫城，针对众多比丘，与法将具寿舍利弗长老一起说的。

Bahudhātukasutta

多界经

Pucchā – bahudhātukasuttaṃ [Pg.195] panāvuso kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，《多界经》是在哪里、针对什么而说的？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是在舍卫城，针对众多比丘所说的。

Isigilisutta

吞仙山经

Pucchā – isigilisuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊在哪里，针对什么缘由说了《吞仙山经》？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante isigilismiṃ pabbate sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是在王舍城吞仙山上，针对众多比丘所说的。

Mahācattārīsakasutta

大四十经

Pucchā – mahācattārīsakasuttaṃ [Pg.196] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊在哪里，又是针对什么而说了这部《大四十经》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是在舍卫城，针对众多比丘所说的。

Ānāpānassatisutta

入出息念经

Pucchā – ānāpānassatisuttaṃ [Pg.197] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊所说的《入出息念经》，是在哪里，针对谁，于什么事中而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, therā bhante bhikkhū nave bhikkhū ovadanti anusāsanti, appekacce therā bhikkhū dasapi bhikkhū ovadanti anusāsanti, appekacce therā bhikkhū vīsampi bhikkhū ovadanti anusāsanti, appekacce therā bhikkhū tiṃsampi bhikkhū ovadanti anusāsanti, appekacce therā bhikkhū cattārīsampi bhikkhū ovadanti anusāsanti, te ca bhante navā bhikkhū therehi bhikkhūhi ovadiyamānā anusāsiyamānā uḷāraṃ pubbenāparaṃ visesaṃ jānanti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是在舍卫城，针对众多比丘所说的。尊者，长老比丘们教诫、训诫新比丘，有些长老比丘教诫、训诫十位比丘，有些长老比丘教诫、训诫二十位比丘，有些长老比丘教诫、训诫三十位比丘，有些长老比丘教诫、训诫四十位比丘。尊者，那些新比丘被长老比丘们教诫、训诫时，能了知前后次第的殊胜。尊者，就是在那件事中说的。

Kāyagatāsatisutta

身至念经

Pucchā – kāyagatāsatisuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊是在哪里、针对谁、就什么事而说《身至念经》的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, sambahulānaṃ bhante bhikkhūnaṃ pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkantānaṃ upaṭṭhānasālāyaṃ sannisinnānaṃ sannipatitānaṃ ayamantarakathā udapādi ‘‘acchariyaṃ āvuso, abbhutaṃ āvuso, yāvañcidaṃ tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena kāyagatāsati bhāvitā bahulīkatā mahapphalā vuttā mahānisaṃsā’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)针对众多比丘而说。尊者，众多比丘用完午食，从托钵回来后，在集会堂中坐在一起时，生起了这样的谈话：“贤友们，真是稀有啊！贤友们，真是未曾有啊！那位知者、见者、阿罗汉、正等觉者的世尊，宣说了身至念经修习、多作，有大果报、大利益。”尊者，此经就是就那件事而说的。

Saṅkhārūpapattisutta

行生经

Pucchā – saṅkhārūpapattisuttaṃ [Pg.200] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊是在哪里、针对谁而说《行生经》的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)针对众多比丘而说的。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā saṅkhārūpapattiyo vibhajitvā pakāsitā.

问：贤友，世尊在那里是如何分别开示诸行往生的呢？

Vissajjanā – idha bhikkhave bhikkhu saddhāya samannāgato hoti, sīlena samannāgato hoti, sutena samannāgato hoti, cāgena samannāgato hoti, paññāya samannāgato hoti, tassa evaṃ hoti ‘‘aho vatāhaṃ kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā khattiyamahāsālānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjeyya’’nti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā saṅkhārūpapattiyo vibhajitvā pakāsitā.

答：“诸比丘，于此，有比丘具足信，具足戒，具足闻，具足施，具足慧。他这样想：‘啊，愿我身坏命终之后，得与刹帝利大富为伴而往生！’”尊者，世尊在那里就是以如此等方式，分别开示了诸行往生。

Cūḷasuññatasutta

小空经

Pucchā – cūḷasuññatasuttaṃ [Pg.202] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊是在哪里、针对谁、就什么事而说《小空经》的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, āyasmā bhante ānando sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ekamidaṃ bhante samayaṃ bhagavā sakkesu viharati nagarakaṃ nāma sakyānaṃ nigamo, tattha me bhante bhagavato sammukhā sutaṃ, sammukhā paṭiggahitaṃ, suññatāvihārenāhaṃ ānanda etarahi bahulaṃ viharāmīti kacci metaṃ bhante sussutaṃ suggahitaṃ sumanasikataṃ sūpadhārita’’nti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)针对具寿阿难而说的。尊者，具寿阿难在傍晚时分从独坐中起来，对世尊这样说：“尊者，有一次，世尊住在释迦族一个名为那伽罗迦(Nagaraka)的市镇。尊者，在那里，我从世尊面前亲闻、亲受：‘阿难，我如今多住于空住。’尊者，我是否善听、善受、善作意、善忆持了呢？”尊者，此经就是就那件事而说的。

Mahāsuññatasutta

大空经

Pucchā – mahāsuññatasuttaṃ [Pg.204] panāvuto bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

提问：贤友，关于《大空经》，世尊是在何处、为了谁、因为什么事情而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante kapilavatthusmiṃ āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, āyasmā bhante ānando sambahulehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ ghaṭāya sakkassa vihāre cīvarakammaṃ karoti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

回答：尊者，这是在释迦族(Sakya)的迦毗罗卫(Kapilavatthu)，针对具寿阿难(Ānanda)而说的。尊者，具寿阿难与众多比丘一起在释迦族人伽陀(Ghaṭā)的精舍中做缝制僧衣之事。尊者，（世尊）就是针对这件事而说的。

Acchariyaabbhutasutta

希有未曾有法经

Pucchā – acchariyaabbhutasuttaṃ [Pg.205] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena saddhiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

提问：贤友，世尊是在哪里、为了什么人、什么事情、与谁一起说了《希有未曾有法经》呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha āyasmatā ānandattherena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena saddhiṃ bhāsitaṃ. Sambahulānaṃ bhante bhikkhūnaṃ pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkantānaṃ upaṭṭhānasālāyaṃ sannisinnānaṃ sannipatitānaṃ ayamantarakathā udapādi ‘‘acchariyaṃ āvuso, abbhutaṃ āvuso tathāgatassa mahiddhikatā mahānubhāvatā. Yatra hi nāma tathāgato atīte buddhe parinibbute chinnapapañce chinnavaṭume pariyādinnavaṭṭe sabbadukkhavītivatte jānissati. Evaṃjaccā te bhagavanto ahesuṃ itipi, evaṃnāmā te bhagavanto ahesuṃ itipi, evaṃgottā te bhagavanto ahesuṃ itipi, evaṃsīlā te bhagavanto ahesuṃ itipi, evaṃdhammā te bhagavanto ahesuṃ itipi, evaṃpaññā [Pg.206] te bhagavanto ahesuṃ itipi, evaṃvihārī te bhagavanto ahesuṃ itipi, evaṃvimuttā te bhagavanto ahesuṃ itipī’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

回答：尊者，此事发生在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，是针对众多比丘，与法宝之库藏的具寿阿难长老(Ānandatthera)一起说的。尊者，众多比丘在午后饭食完毕、从施食处回来，聚集在侍奉堂(Upaṭṭhānasālā)中，当时生起了这样的谈话：“贤友们，真是希有啊！贤友们，真是未曾有啊！如来(Tathāgata)有大神力、大威势。如来竟然能知道过去已经般涅槃(parinibbute)、断除戏论(papañca)、断绝轮回之道(vaṭuma)、穷尽轮回(vaṭṭa)、超越一切苦的诸佛。那些世尊有如此的出身，那些世尊有如此的名称，那些世尊有如此的种姓，那些世尊有如此的戒行，那些世尊有如此之法，那些世尊有如此的智慧，那些世尊有如此的安住，那些世尊有如此的解脱。”尊者，就是针对这件事而说的。

Bākulasutta

薄拘罗经

Pucchā – bākulasuttaṃ [Pg.207] panāvuso kattha kaṃ ārabbha kena bhāsitaṃ.

提问：贤友，这部《薄拘罗经》是在哪里、针对什么人、由谁宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante acelaṃ kassapaṃ ārabbha āyasmatā bākulattherena bhāsitaṃ.

回答：尊者，这是在王舍城(Rājagaha)，针对裸行者迦叶(Kassapa)而说的，由具寿薄拘罗长老(Bākulatthera)宣说。

Dantabhūmisutta

调御地经

Pucchā – dantabhūmisuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

提问：贤友，世尊所说的《调御地经》是在哪里、为了谁、关于什么事情而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante jayasenaṃ rājakumāraṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Jayaseno bhante rājakumāro aciravataṃ samaṇuddesaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca ‘‘sutaṃ metaṃ bho aggivessana idha bhikkhu appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto phuseyya [Pg.208] cittassa ekaggata’’nti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

回答：尊者，这是在王舍城(Rājagaha)，针对胜军(Jayasena)王子而说的。尊者，胜军王子曾去拜访新出家的沙弥阿耆毗舍那(Aggivessana)，这样说道：“喂，阿耆毗舍那，我听闻，于此，有比丘住于不放逸、热忱、精勤，即能触证心一境性。”尊者，世尊就是针对这件事而说的。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.210] tattha bhagavatā aciravatassa samaṇuddesassa samassāsetvā dhammadesanānayo pakāsito.

提问：贤友，当时世尊是如何安慰那位新出家的沙弥，并阐明说法之道的呢？

Vissajjanā – taṃ kutettha aggivessana labbhā, yaṃ taṃ nekkhammena ñātabbaṃ nekkhammena daṭṭhabbaṃ nekkhammena pattabbaṃ nekkhammena sacchikātabbaṃ, taṃ vata jayaseno rājakumāro kāmamajjhe vasanto kāme paribhuñjanto kāmavitakkehi khajjamāno kāmapariḷāhena pariḍayhamāno kāmapariyosanāya ussuko ussati vā dakkhati vā sacchi vā karissatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatīti evaṃ kho bhante bhagavato aciravatassa samaṇuddesassa samassāsetvā, seyyathāpissu aggivessana dve hatthidammā vā assadammāvā godammā vā sudantā suvinītāti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā aciravatassa samaṇuddesassa desanānayo pakāsito.

回答：“阿耆毗舍那，那怎么可能得到呢？凡是应由出离(nekkhamma)而了知、由出离而得见、由出离而达到、由出离而作证者，胜军王子住在欲乐(kāma)中，享受欲乐，为欲寻所吞食，为欲恼所燃烧，热衷于追求欲乐，他岂能了知、或得见、或作证此事？此理不存在。”尊者，世尊就是这样安慰了那位新出家的沙弥。“又如，阿耆毗舍那，有两头善于调御、善于训练的大象(hatthidamma)、马(assadamma)或牛(godamma)……”尊者，世尊以此为例，向那位新出家的沙弥阐明了说法之道。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.214] tattha bhagavā dve upamāyo dassetvā tatuttari dhammadesanaṃ pavaḍḍheti.

提问：贤友，世尊在那里如何举出两个譬喻，并由此进一步展开说法呢？

Vissajjanā – seyyathāpi aggivessana rājākhattiyo muddhāvasitto nāgavanikaṃ āmantetīti evamādinā bhante bhagavā uttaripi dhammadesanaṃ pavaḍḍhesi.

回答：“譬如，阿耆毗舍那，一位受灌顶的刹帝利王(rājākhattiyo muddhāvasitto)对驯象师(nāgavanika)说……”尊者，世尊以此为例，更进一步展开说法。

Bhūmijasutta

地生经

Pucchā – tenāvuso…pe… [Pg.216] sammāsambuddhena bhūmijasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，由世尊、阿罗汉、正等觉者所说的《地生经》，是在哪里？为了谁？关于什么事而宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante jayasenaṃ rājakumāraṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, jayaseno bhante rājakumāro āyasmantaṃ bhūmijaṃ etadavoca ‘‘santi bho bhūmija eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino ‘āsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, abhabbā phalassa adhigamāya. Anāsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, abhabbā phalassa adhigamāya. Āsañca anāsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, abhabbā phalassa adhigamāya[Pg.217]. Nevāsaṃ nānāsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, ābhabbā phalassa adhigamāyā’ti. Idha bhoto bhūmijassa satthā kiṃvādī kimakkhāyī’’ti tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答复——尊者，在王舍城，是针对胜军王子而宣说的。尊者，胜军王子曾对具寿布米迦(Bhūmija)这样说：“具寿布米迦，有些沙门、婆罗门这样说，持有这样的见解：‘即使怀着期望而修梵行，也无法证得果位；即使不怀着期望而修梵行，也无法证得果位；即使怀着期望又不怀着期望而修梵行，也无法证得果位；即使既不怀着期望也非不怀着期望而修梵行，也无法证得果位。’具寿布米迦，对此，您的导师是何说者？是何宣说者？”尊者，就是针对这件事而宣说的。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.219] tattha bhagavatā āyasmato bhūmijattherassa taṃ byākaraṇaṃ samanujānitvā tatuttari dhammadesanānayo paripūretvā pakāsito.

提问——贤友，世尊是如何认可具寿布米迦长老的那个记说，并进一步圆满地宣说教法之道的？

Vissajjanā – taggha tvaṃ bhūmija evaṃ puṭṭho evaṃ byākaramāno vuttavādī ceva me hosi, na ca maṃ abhūtena abbhācikkhasi, evamādinā bhante bhagavatā āyasmato bhūmijassa taṃ vacanaṃ samanujānitvā ‘‘yehi kehici bhūmija samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā micchādiṭṭhino micchāsaṅkappā micchāvācā micchākammantā micchāājīvā micchāvāyāmā micchāsatī micchāsamādhino, te āsañcepi karitvā brahmacariyaṃ caranti, abhabbā phalassa adhigamāyā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā āyasmato bhūmijassa uttari desanānayo paripūretvā pakāsito.

答复——“布米迦，你这样被问，就这样回答，既是符合我的说法，也没有用不实之言诽谤我。”尊者，世尊认可了具寿布米迦的这番话，像这样为他进一步宣说教法：“布米迦，无论任何沙门或婆罗门，只要是持有邪见、邪思惟、邪语、邪业、邪命、邪精进、邪念、邪定，即使他们怀着期望而修梵行，也无法证得果位。”尊者，世尊就是这样为具寿布米迦圆满地宣说了进一步的教法。

Anuruddhasutta

阿那律经

Pucchā – anuruddhasuttaṃ [Pg.224] panāvuso kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，这部《阿那律经》是在哪里？针对谁？关于什么事？由谁宣说的？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante pañcakaṅgaṃ thapatiṃ ārabbha āyasmatā anuruddhattherena bhāsitaṃ, pañcakaṅgo bhante thapati āyasmantaṃ anuruddhaṃ etadavoca ‘‘idha maṃ bhante therā bhikkhū upasaṅkamitvā evamāhaṃsu ‘appamāṇaṃ gahapati cetovimuttiṃ bhāvehī’ti, ekacce therā evamāhaṃsu ‘mahaggataṃ gahapati cetovimuttiṃ bhāvehī’’ti, yā cāyaṃ bhante appamāṇā cetovimutti yā ca mahaggatā cetovimutti, ime dhammā nānatthā ceva nānābyañjanā ca, udāhu ekatthā byañjanameva nānanti’’ tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答复——尊者，在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，是具寿阿那律长老针对五支木匠(Pañcakaṅga thapati)而宣说的。尊者，五支木匠曾对具寿阿那律这样说：“尊者，这里有些长老比丘来找我，这样对我说：‘居士，你应该修习无量心解脱。’另一些长老则说：‘居士，你应该修习广大心解脱。’尊者，这无量心解脱和广大心解脱，是意义不同、词语也不同呢，还是意义相同，只是词语不同呢？”尊者，就是针对这件事而宣说的。

Upakkilesasutta

杂染经

Pucchā – upakkilesasuttaṃ [Pg.225] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊是在哪里、针对谁而说《杂染经》的呢？

Vissajjanā – pācīnavaṃsadāye bhante āyasmantaṃ anuruddhattheraṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是在东竹林园(Pācīnavaṃsadāya)，针对具寿阿那律长老而说的。

Bālapaṇḍitasutta

愚人与智者经

Pucchā – bālapaṇḍitasuttaṃ [Pg.226] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊是在哪里、针对谁而说《愚人与智者经》的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对众多比丘而说的。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā bālassa bālalakkhaṇāni ca bālassa diṭṭheva dhamme dukkhadomanassappaṭisaṃvedanā ca pakāsitā.

问：贤友，世尊在那里是如何开示愚人的愚人相，以及愚人在现法中所感受的苦和忧的呢？

Vissajjanā – tīṇimāni bhikkhave bālassa bālalakkhaṇāni bālanimittāni bālāpadānāni. Katamāni tīṇi. Idha bhikkhave bālo duccintitacintī [Pg.227] ca hoti dubbhāsitabhāsī ca dukkaṭakammakārī cāti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā bālassa bālalakkhaṇāni ca bālassa diṭṭheva dhamme dukkhadomanassappaṭisaṃvedanā ca pakāsitā.

答：诸比丘，此等是愚人的三种愚人相、愚人兆、愚人行。是哪三种呢？在此，诸比丘，愚人思恶思、说恶说、作恶作。尊者，世尊在那里就是这样开示了愚人的愚人相，以及愚人在现法中所感受的苦和忧的。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.230] tattha bhagavatā bālassa samparāyo ca tattha niraye bālassa dukkhadomanassapaṭisaṃvedanā ca pakāsitā.

问：贤友，世尊在那里是如何开示愚人的来世，以及愚人在地狱中所感受的苦和忧的呢？

Vissajjanā – sa kho so bhikkhave bālo kāyena duccaritaṃ caritvā vācāya duccaritaṃ caritvā manasā duccaritaṃ caritvā kāyassa bhedāparaṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjatīti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā bālassa samparāyo ca tattha ca bālassa niraye dukkhadomanassappaṭisaṃvedanā pakāsitā.

答：诸比丘，那愚人身行恶行，语行恶行，意行恶行，在身坏命终之后，往生到苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。尊者，世尊就是这样开示了愚人的来世，以及愚人在地狱中所感受的苦和忧的。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.234] tattha bhagavatā bālassa tiracchānayoniyaṃ dukkhadomanassapaṭisaṃvedanā pakāsitā.

问：贤友，世尊是如何开示愚人在畜生界中所感受的苦和忧的呢？

Vissajjanā – santi bhikkhave tiracchānagatā pāṇā tiṇabhakkhā te allānipi tiṇāni sukkhānipi tiṇāni dantullehakaṃ khādantīti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā bālassa tiracchānayoniyaṃ dukkhadomanassappaṭisaṃvedanā pakāsitā.

答：诸比丘，有生于畜生的众生，以草为食，它们用牙齿刮食湿草和干草。尊者，世尊就是这样在那里开示了愚人在畜生界中所感受的苦和忧的。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.235] tattha bhagavatā bālena sakiṃ vinipātagatena puna manussattadullabhatā pakāsitā.

问：贤友，世尊在那里是如何开示愚人一旦堕入堕处，便难再得人身的呢？

Vissajjanā – seyyathāpi bhikkhave puriso ekacchiggalaṃ yugaṃ mahāsamudde pakkhipeyya, tamenaṃ puratthimo vāto pacchimena saṃhareyyāti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā bālena sakiṃ vinipātagatena puna manussattassa dullabhatā pakāsitā.

答：诸比丘，譬如有人将一个独孔轭投进大海，东风将它吹向西边。尊者，世尊就是这样开示了愚人一旦堕入堕处，再得人身之难的。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.237] tattha bhagavatā bālassa kadāci karahaci dīghassa addhuno accayena manussattaṃ āgatassapi dukkhabahulatā pakāsitā.

问：贤友，世尊是如何开示愚人经过漫长的时间，偶尔投生为人后，仍然多苦的呢？

Vissajjanā – sa kho so bhikkhave bālo sace kadāci karahaci dīghassa addhuno accayena manussattaṃ āgacchatīti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā bālassa kadāci karahaci dīghassa addhuno accayena manussattaṃ āgatassapi dukkhabahulatā pakāsitā.

答：“诸比丘，那愚人若经过漫长的时间，偶尔投生为人……”尊者，世尊就是这样在那里开示了愚人经过漫长的时间，偶尔投生为人后，仍然多苦的。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.238] tattha bhagavatā paṇḍitassa paṇḍitalakkhaṇāni ca paṇḍitassa diṭṭheva dhamme sukhasomanassappaṭisaṃvedanā ca pakāsitā.

问：贤友，世尊是如何开示智者的智者相，以及智者在现法中所感受的乐和悦的呢？

Vissajjanā – tīṇimāni bhikkhave paṇḍitassa paṇḍitalakkhaṇāni paṇḍitanimittāni paṇḍitāpadānāni. Katamāni tīṇi. Idha bhikkhave paṇḍito sucintitacintī ca hoti subhāsitabhāsī ca sukatakammakārī cāti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā

答：诸比丘，此等是智者的三种智者相、智者兆、智者行。是哪三种呢？在此，诸比丘，智者思善思、说善说、作善作。尊者，世尊就是这样在那里开示了

Paṇḍitassa [Pg.239] paṇḍitalakkhaṇāni ca diṭṭheva dhamme paṇḍitassa sukhasomanassapaṭisaṃvedanā ca pakāsitā.

智者的智者相，以及智者在现法中所感受的乐和悦的。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.240] tattha bhagavatā paṇḍitassa samparāyo ca tattha sagge sukhasomanassappaṭisaṃvedanā ca pakāsitā.

问：贤友，世尊在那里是如何开示智者的来世，以及智者在天界所感受的乐和悦的呢？

Vissajjanā – sa kho so bhikkhave paṇḍito kāyena sucaritaṃ caritvā vācāya manasā sucaritaṃ caritvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjatīti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā paṇḍitassa samparāyo ca sagge ca paṇḍitassa sukhasomanassappanisaṃvedanā pakāsitā.

答：诸比丘，那智者身行善行，语行善行，意行善行，在身坏命终之后，往生到善趣、天界。尊者，世尊就是这样在那里开示了智者的来世，以及智者在天界所感受的乐和悦的。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.242] tattha bhagavatā paṇḍitassa kadāci karahaci dīghassa addhuno accayena manussattaṃ āgatassapi sukhabahulatā pakāsitā.

问：贤友，世尊是如何开示智者经过漫长的时间，偶尔投生为人后，仍然多乐的呢？

Vissajjanā – sa kho so bhikkhave paṇḍito sace kadāci karahaci dīghassa addhuno accayena manussattaṃ āgacchati, yāni tāni uccākulāni khattiyamahāsālakulaṃ vā brāhmaṇamahāsālakulaṃ vā gahapatimahāsālakulaṃ vā tathārūpe kule paccājāyatīti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā paṇḍitassa kadāci karahaci dīghassa addhuno accayena manussattaṃ āgatassapi sukhabahulatā pakāsitā.

答：“诸比丘，那智者若经过漫长的时间，偶尔投生为人，会投生在如此高贵的家族中，即刹帝利大家族、婆罗门大家族或居士大家族。”尊者，世尊就是这样在那里开示了智者经过漫长的时间，偶尔投生为人后，仍然多乐的。

Cūḷakammavibhaṅgasutta

小业分别经

Pucchā – tenāvuso [Pg.244] jānatā passatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena cūḷakammavibhaṅgasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，那位知者、见者……乃至……正等觉者所说的《小业分别经》，是在何处、针对谁、因何事而说呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante subhaṃ māṇavaṃ todeyyaputtaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Subho bhante māṇavo todeyyaputto bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca ‘‘ko nu kho bho gotama hetu ko paccayo, yena manussānaṃyeva sataṃ manussabhūtānaṃ dissanti hīnappaṇītatā. Dissanti hi bho gotama manussā appāyukā, dissanti dīghāyukā. Dissanti bavhābādhā, dissanti appābādhā. Dissanti dubbaṇṇā, dissanti vaṇṇavanto. Dissanti appesakkhā, dissanti mahesakkhā. Dissanti appabhogā, dissanti mahābhogā. Dissanti nīcakulīnā, dissanti uccākulīnā. Dissanti duppaññā, dissanti paññavanto. Ko nu kho bho gotama hetu ko paccayo, yena manussānaṃyeva sataṃ manussabhūtānaṃ dissanti hīnappaṇītatā’’ti tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对多迭亚之子须婆(Subha)青年而说的。尊者，多迭亚之子须婆青年来到世尊跟前，说了这番话：“乔达摩，是什么因、什么缘，让同为人类，却可见到有高下之别？乔达摩，我们见到的人，有的短寿，有的长寿；有的多病，有的少病；有的貌丑，有的貌美；有的势弱，有的势强；有的贫穷，有的富裕；有的出身低贱，有的出身高贵；有的智慧低劣，有的智慧高超。乔达摩，究竟是什么因、什么缘，让同为人类，却可见到有高下之别呢？”尊者，此经就是针对这件事而说的。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.246] tattha bhagavatā sattānaṃ dīghāyukaappāyukasaṃvattanakakammāni vibhajitvā pakāsitāni.

问：贤友，世尊在那里是如何分别开示导致众生长寿与短寿的业呢？

Vissajjanā – idha māṇava ekacco itthī vā puriso vā pāṇātipātī hoti, luddo lohitapāṇi hatapahate niviṭṭho adayāpanno pāṇabhūtesūti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā appāyukadīghāyukasaṃvattanakāni kammāni vibhajitvā pakāsitāni.

答：尊者，世尊在那里是这样分别开示导致短寿与长寿的业的：“青年，在此，某个女人或男人杀害生命，残忍，手染鲜血，热衷于杀戮与伤害，对一切有情众生毫无慈悲。”等等。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.247] tattha bhagavatā sattānaṃ appābādhabavhābādhasaṃvattanakakammāni vibhajitvā pakāsitāni.

问：贤友，世尊在那里是如何分别开示导致众生少病与多病的业呢？

Vissajjanā – idha [Pg.248] māṇava ekacco itthī vā puriso vā sattānaṃ viheṭṭhakajātiko hoti pāṇinā vā leḍḍunāvā daṇḍenavā satthena vāti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā sattānaṃ appābādhabavhābādhasaṃvattanakakammāni vibhajitvā pakāsitāni.

答：尊者，世尊在那里是这样分别开示导致众生少病与多病的业的：“青年，在此，某个女人或男人有伤害众生的习性，用手、土块、棍棒或刀杖伤害众生。”等等。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.249] tattha bhagavatā sattānaṃ suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇasaṃvattanakakammāni vibhajitvā pakāsitāni.

问：贤友，世尊在那里是如何分别开示导致众生貌美与貌丑的业呢？

Vissajjanā – idha māṇava ekacco itthī vā puriso vā kodhano hoti upāyāsabahulo, appampi vutto samāno abhisajjati kuppati byāpajjati patiṭṭhiyati, kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukarotīti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā sattānaṃ suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇasaṃvattanakakammāni vibhajitvā pakāsitāni.

答：尊者，世尊在那里是这样分别开示导致众生貌美与貌丑的业的：“青年，在此，某个女人或男人易怒、多恼，稍被触及便会恼怒、生气、起瞋心、固执己见，并显露出愤怒、瞋恚与不满。”等等。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.251] tattha bhagavatā sattānaṃ mahesakkha appesakkhasaṃvattanakakammāni vibhajitvā pakāsitāni.

问：贤友，世尊在那里是如何分别开示导致众生势强与势弱的业呢？

Vissajjanā – idha māṇava ekacco itthī vā puriso vā issāmanako hoti, paralābhasakkāra garukāra mānanavandana pūjāsu issati upadussati issaṃ bandhatīti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā sattānaṃ appesakkhamahesakkhasaṃvattanakāni kammāni vibhajitvā pakāsitāni.

答：尊者，世尊在那里是这样分别开示导致众生势弱与势强的业的：“青年，在此，某个女人或男人心怀嫉妒，对他人所得的利养、恭敬、尊重、敬奉、礼拜与供养，心生嫉妒、瞋恨，并怀有妒意。”等等。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.253] tattha bhagavatā mahābhogaappabhogasaṃvattanakakammāni vibhajitvā pakāsitāni.

问：贤友，世尊在那里是如何分别开示导致富裕与贫穷的业呢？

Vissajjanā – idha māṇava ekacco itthī vā puriso vā na dātā hoti, samaṇassa vā brāhmaṇassa vā annaṃ pānaṃ vattaṃ yānaṃ mālāgandha vilepanaṃ seyyavasathapadīpeyyanti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā mahābhogaappabhogasaṃvattanakakammāni vibhajitvā pakāsitāni.

答：尊者，世尊在那里是这样分别开示导致富裕与贫穷的业的：“青年，在此，某个女人或男人不布施食物、饮品、衣服、车乘、花鬘、熏香、涂香、床座、住所、灯明给沙门或婆罗门。”等等。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.255] tattha bhagavatā sattānaṃ uccākulīna nīcakulīnasaṃvattanakakammāni vibhajitvā pakāsitāni.

问：贤友，世尊在那里是如何分别开示导致众生出身高贵与出身低贱的业呢？

Vissajjanā – idha māṇava ekacco itthī vā puriso vā thaddho hoti atimāni abhivādetabbaṃ na abhivādeti, paccuṭṭhātabbaṃ na paccuṭṭheti, āsanārahassa na āsanaṃ deti, maggārahassa na maggaṃ deti, sakkātabbaṃ na sakkaroti, garukātabbaṃ na garukaroti, mānetabbaṃ māneti, pūjetabbaṃ na pūjetīti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā sattānaṃ uccākulīna nīcakulīnasaṃvattanakakammāni vibhajitvā pakāsitāni.

答：尊者，世尊在那里是这样分别开示导致众生出身高贵与出身低贱的业的：“青年，在此，某个女人或男人固执、傲慢，对应问候者不问候，对应起立者不起立，对应让座者不让座，对应让路者不让路，对应恭敬者不恭敬，对应尊重者不尊重，对应敬奉者不敬奉，对应礼拜者不礼拜。”等等。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.257] tattha bhagavatā sattānaṃ mahāpaññaduppaññasaṃvattanakakammāni vibhajitvā pakāsitāni.

问：贤友，世尊在那里是如何分别开示导致众生智慧高超与智慧低劣的业呢？

Vissajjanā – idha māṇava ekacco itthī vā puriso vā samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā upasaṅkamitvā na paripucchitā hoti ‘‘kiṃ bhante kusalaṃ, kiṃ akusalaṃ. Kiṃ sāvajjaṃ, kiṃ anavajjaṃ. Kiṃ sevitabbaṃ, kiṃ na sevitabbaṃ. Kiṃ me karīyamānaṃ dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya hoti, kiṃ vā pana me karīyamānaṃ [Pg.258] dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya hotī’’ti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā sattānaṃ mahāpaññaduppaññasaṃvattanakakammāni vibhajitvā pakāsitāni.

答：尊者，世尊在那里是这样分别开示导致众生智慧高超与智慧低劣的业的：“青年，在此，某个女人或男人不去亲近沙门或婆罗门请教：‘尊者，什么是善？什么是不善？什么是有过失的？什么是无过失的？什么应行？什么不应行？我做什么会给自己带来长期的不利与痛苦？又做什么会给自己带来长期的利益与安乐？’”等等。

Indriyabhāvanāsu

诸根的修习

Pucchā – indriyabhāvanāsuttaṃ [Pg.260] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊在哪里、为了谁、因为什么事情说了《根修习经》？

Vissajjanā – gajaṅgalāyaṃ bhante uttaraṃ nāma māṇavaṃ pārāsiviyantevāsiṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, uttaro bhante māṇavo pārāsiviyantevāsī bhagavatā puṭṭho bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘idha bho gotama cakkhunā rūpaṃ na passati, sotena saddaṃ na suṇāti. Evaṃ kho bho gotama deseti pārāsiviyo brāhmaṇo sāvakānaṃ indriyabhāvana’’nti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在象林(Gajaṅgalā)，针对名为优陀罗(Uttara)的青年，即波罗奢利(Pārāsiviya)的弟子所说的。尊者，优陀罗青年，波罗奢利的弟子，被世尊询问后，对世尊这么说：“乔达摩，在此，以眼不见色，以耳不闻声。乔达摩，波罗奢利婆罗门就是这样向弟子们教导根修习的。”尊者，此经即是于此事中而说。