Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa

礼敬彼世尊、阿罗汉、正自觉者

Suttantapiṭake

经藏

Dīghanikāye

长部

Sīlakkhandhavaggasutta

戒蕴品

Saṃgāyanassa pucchā vissajjanā

结集之问答

Pucchā – paṭhamamahādhammasaṃgītikāle [Pg.1] āvuso dhammasaṃgāhakā mahākassapādayo mahātheravarā paṭhamaṃ vinayaṃ saṃgāyitvā tadanantaraṃ kaṃ nāma pāvacanaṃ saṃgāyiṃsu.

问：贤友，在第一次大结集时，结集法的大迦叶(Mahākassapa)等上座长老们，先结集了律，其后结集了哪一部圣教？

Vissajjanā – paṭhamamahādhammasaṃgītiyaṃ bhante dhammasaṃgāhakā mahākassapādayo mahātheravarā paṭhamaṃ vinayaṃ saṃgāyitvā tadanantaraṃ dhammaṃ saṃgāyiṃsu.

答：尊者，在第一次大结集时，结集法的大迦叶等上座长老们首先结集了律，其后结集了法。

Pucchā – dhammo [Pg.2] nāma āvuso suttantābhidhammavasena duvidho, tattha kataraṃ dhammaṃ paṭhamaṃ saṃgāyiṃsu.

问：贤友，法分为经与阿毗达摩二种，他们先结集了哪一种法？

Vissajjanā – dvīsu bhante dhammesu suttantābhidhammapiṭakesu paṭhamaṃ suttantaṃ piṭakaṃ dhammaṃ saṃgāyiṃsu.

答：尊者，在经藏与阿毗达摩藏二法中，他们首先结集了经藏法。

Pucchā – suttantapiṭake [Pg.3]pi āvuso dīghamajjhimasaṃyuttaaṅguttarakhuddakanikāyavasena pañca nikāyā, tesu paṭhamaṃ kataraṃ nikāyaṃ saṃgāyiṃsu.

问：贤友，经藏也分为长部、中部、相应部、增支部和中部五部，他们当中最先结集的是哪一部？

Vissajjanā – pañcasu bhante nikāyesu paṭhamaṃ dīghanikāyaṃ saṃgāyiṃsu.

答：尊者，在五部中，首先结集的是长部。

Pucchā – dīghanikāyepi āvuso tayo vaggā catuttiṃsā ca suttāni, tesu kataraṃ vaggaṃ katarañca suttaṃ paṭhamaṃ saṃgāyiṃsu.

问：贤友，长部里有三品，三十四部经，他们最先结集的是哪个品，哪部经呢？

Vissajjanā – dīghanikāyepi bhante tīsu vaggesu paṭhamaṃ sīlakkhandhavaggaṃ, catuttiṃsatiyā ca suttesu paṭhamaṃ brahmajālasuttaṃ saṃgāyiṃsu.

答：尊者，在长部三品中，首先结集的是戒蕴品；在三十四部经中，首先结集的是梵网经。

Brahmajālasutta

梵网经

Pucchā – sādhu [Pg.4] sādhu āvuso mayampi dāni tatoyeva paṭṭhāya saṃgāyituṃ pubbakiccāni samārabhāma…, tenāvuso bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena brahmajālasuttaṃ kattha bhāsitaṃ.

问：善哉，善哉，贤友！我们也从那里开始，为结集而作准备……贤友，知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者的世尊，是在哪里说的《梵网经》？

Vissajjanā – antarā ca bhante rājagahaṃ antarā ca nāḷandaṃ ambalaṭṭhikāyaṃ rājāgārake bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是在王舍城(Rājagaha)与那烂陀(Nāḷandā)之间，芒果园(Ambalaṭṭhikā)的王家园林里说的。

Pucchā – kaṃ [Pg.5] āvuso ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，这是关于谁说的？

Vissajjanā – suppiyañca bhante paribbājakaṃ brahmadattañca māṇavaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，这是关于游方者苏毗亚(Suppiya)和青年婆罗门梵授(Brahmadatta)说的。

Pucchā – kismiṃ āvuso vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，这是关于什么事说的？

Vissajjanā – vaṇṇāvaṇṇe bhante, suppiyo hi bhante anekapariyāyena buddhassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati dhammassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati saṅghassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, suppiyassa pana paribbājakassa antevāsī brahmadatto māṇavo anekapariyāyena buddhassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati dhammassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati saṅghassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是关于赞美与不赞美。尊者，苏毗亚以各种方式说佛陀的不是，说法的不是，说僧团的不是。而游方者苏毗亚的弟子青年婆罗门梵授，却以各种方式说佛陀的功德，说法的功德，说僧团的功德。尊者，这是关于这件事说的。

Anusandhe

关联

Pucchā – kati [Pg.7] āvuso tattha anusandhayo.

问：贤友，那里有多少种关联？

Vissajjanā – tayo bhante tattha anusandhayo, eko avaṇṇānusandhi, dve vaṇṇānusandhiyo.

答：尊者，那里有三种关联：一种是关于非议的关联，两种是关于赞叹的关联。

Paṭhama anusandhe

第一关联

Pucchā – tatthāvuso paṭhame anusandhimhi kathaṃ bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ, taṃ saṃkhepato kathehi.

问：贤友，在第一关联中，世尊是如何说的？请你简要地叙述。

Vissajjanā – paṭhame bhante anusandhimhi avaṇṇe manopadosaṃ nivāretvā, tattha ca ādīnavaṃ dassetvā, tattha paṭipajjitabbākāro bhagavatā bhāsito.

答：尊者，在第一关联中，世尊开示了应防止因非议而心生瞋恚，并指出了其中的过患，以及应当行持之道。

Mamaṃ [Pg.8] vā bhikkhave pare avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, dhammassa vā avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ saṅghassa vā avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, tatra tumhehi na āghāto appaccayo na cetaso anabhiraddhi karaṇīyā…

“诸比丘，如果其他人诽谤我、诽谤法、或者诽谤僧伽，你们不应因此而生起嗔恚、不满或心不喜乐……”

Dutiya anusandhe

第二关联

Pucchā – sādhu [Pg.9] sādhu āvuso, sādhu kho bhagavā attanā paramukkaṃ sāgatakhantīguṇasamannāgato attano sāvakabhūte amhepi tattha samādāpesi, attanā ca lokadhammesu aniñjanasabhāvo amhākampi tathattāya ovādamadāsi, dutiyepanāvuso anusandhimhi kathaṃ bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ, tampi saṃkhepato pakāsehi.

问：善哉，善哉，贤友！善哉！世尊自身已达最上，具足善受与忍耐之德，亦于此劝导我等弟子。世尊自身于世间法心不动摇，亦教导我等成就如是状态。贤友，于第二关联中，世尊是如何说的？亦请简要地阐明。

Vissajjanā – dutiye pana bhante anusandhimhi vaṇṇe cetaso uppilāvitattaṃ nisedhetvā, tattha ca ādīnavaṃ dassetvā, tattha ca paṭipajjanākāraṃ dassetvā, puthujjanassa vaṇṇabhūmibhūtāni tīṇi sīlāni vitthārato bhagavatā bhāsitāni.

答：尊者，在第二关联中，世尊禁止因赞叹而心生浮动，指出了其中的过患，开示了应行之道，并详细地讲述了凡夫所称赞的三种戒。

Mamaṃ [Pg.10] vā bhikkhave pare vaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, dhammassa vā vaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, saṅghassa vā vaṇṇaṃ bhāseyyuṃ, tatra tumhehi na ānando na somanassaṃ na cetaso abhiraddhi karaṇīyā –

“诸比丘，如果其他人赞扬我、赞扬法、或者赞扬僧伽，你们不应因此而生起欢喜、愉悦或心生满足。”

Tatiya anusandhe

第三关联

Pucchā – sādhu [Pg.11] sādhu āvuso, sādhu kho bhagavā attanā paramukkaṃsagatasuparisuddhasīlasamannāgato, taṃ attano suparisuddhasīlaṃ dassetvā parepi tattha niyojesi, tatiye panāvuso anusandhimhi kathaṃ bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ, taṃ saṃkhepato pakāsehi.

问：善哉，善哉，贤友！善哉！世尊自身已达最上，具足极清净戒，既已开示自身之极清净戒，亦于此引导他人。贤友，于第三关联中，世尊是如何说的？请简要地阐明。

Vissajjanā – tatiye pana bhante anusandhimhi dvāsaṭṭhi diṭṭhiyo sabbaññuta ñāṇena vitthārato vibhajitvā, tāsañca cha phassāyatanapadaṭṭhānabhāvaṃ vibhāvetvā, micchādiṭṭhigatikādhiṭṭhā nañca vaṭṭaṃ kathetvā, yuttayogabhikkhuadhiṭṭhānañca vivaṭṭaṃ kathetvā, micchādiṭṭhigatikassa desanājālato avimuttabhāvaṃ [Pg.12] desanājālato vimuttassa natthikabhāvañca vibhāvetvā, attano ca katthaci apariyāpannabhāvaṃ dassetvā, upādisesanibbānadhātuṃ pāpetvā desanā bhagavatā niṭṭhāpitā.

答：尊者，在第三关联中，世尊以一切智智详细地分析了六十二种见，阐明了它们以六触处为基础，讲述了邪见者的轮回与勤修比丘的解脱，揭示了邪见者无法从邪说之网中解脱，并驳斥了“解脱即断灭”的观点，展示了自己不属于任何这些范畴，并以导向有余依涅槃界来结束说法。

Ucchinnabhāvanettiko [Pg.13] bhikkhave tathāgatassa kāyo tiṭṭhati, yāvassa kāyo ṭhassati tāva naṃ dakkhanti devamanussā, kāyassa bhedā uddhaṃ jīvitapariyādānā na naṃ dakkhanti devamanussā.

诸比丘，如来已断除再生之缘，其身尚存。只要此身存续，天人就能看见他；身坏命终之后，天人便再也看不见他了。

Suttanidesanā

经解说

Pucchā – sādhu [Pg.14] sādhu āvuso, sādhu kho bhagavā attanā dvāsaṭṭhi diṭṭhiyo ca cha phassāyatanāni ca dvādasa paṭiccasamuppādaṅgāni ca sabbaso parijānitvā tesaṃ parijānanatthāya paresampi tathattāya dhammaṃ pakāseti, suttañca nāma āvuso catunnaṃ suttanikkhepānaṃ aññataravaseneva nikkhittaṃ, tasmā tesu idaṃ suttaṃ katarena suttanikkhepena bhagavatā nikkhittaṃ.

问：善哉善哉，贤友！善哉，世尊亲自完全了知六十二见、六触入处、十二缘起支，为令他人亦能如实了知而开示正法。贤友，所谓“经”，乃依四种经安立法之一而安立。那么，世尊是以何种经安立法安立此经？

Vissajjanā – catūsu bhante suttanikkhepesu aṭṭhuppattinikkhepana idaṃ suttaṃ nikkhittaṃ.

答：尊者，于四种经安立法中，此经乃以事缘生起安立法而安立。

Pucchā – kassa [Pg.15] āvuso vacanaṃ.

问：贤友，此是何人所说？

Vissajjanā – bhagavato bhante vacanaṃ arahato sammāsambuddhassa.

答：尊者，此乃世尊、阿罗汉、正等觉者所说。

Pucchā – kenāvuso [Pg.16] ābhataṃ.

问：贤友，此由何人传来？

Vissajjanā – paramparāya bhante ābhataṃ.

答：尊者，此乃辗转传来。

Pucchā – atthi nu kho āvuso ettha koci viraddhadosā, yena pacchimā janā micchāatthaṃ gaṇheyyuṃ.

问：贤友，于此法中，是否有任何错谬，以致后人误解其义？

Vissajjanā – natthi bhante.

答：尊者，没有。

Sāmaññaphalasutta

沙门果经

Pucchā – tenāvuso [Pg.17] bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena sāmaññaphalasuttaṃ kattha bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，彼世尊……乃至……正等觉者，于何处说此《沙门果经》？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante jīvakassa komārabhaccassa ambavane bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，于王舍城(Rājagaha)，在耆婆·拘摩罗跋耆(Jīvaka Komārabhacca)的芒果园中所说。

Pucchā – kenāvuso saddhiṃ bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊与谁共说此法？

Vissajjanā – raññā bhante māgadhena ajātasattunā vedehiputtena saddhiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此乃与摩揭陀国(Māgadha)王韦提希子(Vedehiputta)阿阇世(Ajātasattu)共说。

Pucchā – taṃ [Pg.18] panāvuso suttaṃ catunnaṃ suttanikkhepānaṃ katarena suttanikkhepena bhagavatā nikkhittaṃ.

问：贤友，那么，世尊是以四种经安立法中的何种安立法安立此经？

Vissajjanā – catunnaṃ bhante suttanikkhepānaṃ pucchāvasikena suttanikkhepena nikkhitaṃ bhagavatā.

答：尊者，于四种经安立法中，世尊乃以问答安立法而安立此经。

Ajātasattu

阿阇世

Pucchā – sā panāvuso pucchā kenākārena samuppannā.

问：贤友，然则彼问，以何因缘而生起？

Vissajjanā – rājā bhante māgadho ajāsattu vedehiputto tadahuposathe pannarase komudiyā cātumāsiniyā puṇṇāya puṇṇamāya rattiyā yena bhagavā tenupasaṃkami, upasaṃkamitvā bhagavantaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme saṃdiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ pucchi, evaṃ kho sā bhante pucchā uppannā.

答：尊者，摩揭陀国王韦提希子阿阇世，时值布萨日，即拘摩陀(Komudī)月四月斋期的十五圆月之夜，前往世尊之处。抵达后，即向世尊请问于现法中可见的沙门果。尊者，彼问即如是生起。

Rammaṇīyā [Pg.19] vata bho dosinā ratti, abhirūpā vata bho dosinā ratti, dassanīyā vata bho dosinā ratti, pāsādikā vata bho dosinā ratti, lakkhaññā vata bho dosinā ratti….

诸位，这月夜多么惬意！诸位，这月夜多么美丽！诸位，这月夜多么可观！诸位，这月夜多么静好！诸位，这月夜多么吉祥！……

Kaṃ nukhvajja samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā payirupāseyyāma….

今日我等当亲近哪位沙门或婆罗门呢？……

Yaṃ [Pg.20] no payirupasato cittaṃ pasīdeyya….

亲近了谁，能令我等心生净信呢？……

Charājīvaka

裸行顺命外道

Tvaṃ pana samma jīvaka kiṃ tuṇhīsi –

那么，朋友耆婆，你为何沉默不语？

Ayaṃ [Pg.21] deva amhākaṃ bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho amhākaṃ ambavane viharati.

陛下，我们的世尊、阿罗汉、正等觉者，住在我们的芒果园中。

Taṃ kho pana bhagavantaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato ‘‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaropurisadammasārathi satthādevamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’’ti.

关于这位世尊，有这样美好的名声传扬开来：“这位世尊确实是阿罗汉、正等觉者、明行具足者、善逝、世间解、无上士调御丈夫、天人导师、佛陀、世尊。”

Taṃ devo bhagavantaṃ payirupāsatu, appevanāma devassa bhagavantaṃ payirupāsato cittaṃ pasīdeyya.

请陛下亲近世尊吧，或许陛下亲近世尊后，内心能得以清净。

Tena hi samma jīvaka hatthiyānāni kappāpehi.

那么，朋友耆婆，去准备象车吧。

Kappitāni [Pg.22] kho te deva hatthiyānāni, yassa dāni kālaṃ maññasi.

陛下，象车已经为您备好，您认为何时是时候就可出发。

Ajātasattu

阿闍世

Kicci maṃ samma jīvaka na vañcesi, kacci maṃ samma jīvaka na palambhesi….

朋友耆婆，你没有欺骗我吧？朋友耆婆，你没有蒙蔽我吧？

Mā bhāyi mahārāja, mā bhāyi mahārāja….

大王，请勿害怕，大王，请勿害怕……

Na taṃ deva vañcemi, na taṃ deva palambhāmi….

陛下，我没有欺骗您，陛下，我没有蒙蔽您……

Ajātasatta

阿闍世

Eso [Pg.23] mahārāja bhagavā, eso mahārāja bhagavā majjhimaṃ thambhaṃ nissāya puratthābhimukho nisinno purakkhato bhikkhusaṅghassa….

大王，那位就是世尊，那位就是世尊，他面向东方，倚着中央的柱子，为比丘僧团所围绕……

Iminā me upasamena udayabhaddo kumāro samannāgato hotu…

愿王子乌达亚跋达也能拥有我这份寂静……

Agamā [Pg.24] kho tvaṃ mahārāja yathā pemaṃ.

大王，您是出于慈爱而来的。

Puccheyyāmahaṃ bhante bhagavantaṃ kiñcideva desaṃ sace me bhagavā okāsaṃ karoti pañhassa veyyākaraṇāya.

尊者，如果世尊允许我提问，我愿向世尊请教一些事情。

Puccha mahārāja yadākaṅkhasi.

大王，请问您想问的吧。

Yathā [Pg.25] nu kho imāni bhante puthusippāyatanāni, seyyathidaṃ, hatthārohā assārohā rathikā dhanuggahā celakā calakā piṇḍadāyakā (peyyāla) gaṇakā muddikā, aññānipi evaṃ gatikāni puthusippāyatanāni, te tena sippena sandiṭṭhikaṃ sippaphalaṃ jīvanti, te tena attānaṃ sukhenti pīṇenti, mātāpitaro sukhenti, pīṇenti, puttadāraṃ sukhenti pīṇenti, mittāmacce sukhenti pīṇenti samaṇabrāhmaṇesu uddhaggikaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ patiṭṭhapenti sovaggikaṃ sukhavipākaṃ saggasaṃvattanikaṃ, sakkā nu kho bhante evameva diṭṭheva dhamme sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ paññapetuṃ.

尊者，正如这些各种技艺，例如：象师、马师、车夫、弓箭手、旗手、斥候、军粮官（等等），会计师、印章匠，以及其他各种类似的技艺，他们通过这些技艺获得现世的果报，他们以此使自己快乐满足，使父母快乐满足，使妻儿快乐满足，使亲友快乐满足，并为沙门和婆罗门建立殊胜的布施，带来乐报，导向天界。尊者，是否也能在现世宣说沙门果的现世果报呢？

Pucchā – tadā [Pg.26] āvuso kathaṃ bhagavatā rājā ajātasattu vedehi putto paṭipucchito kathañca tena bhagavato ārocitaṃ.

提问：贤友，那时世尊是如何反问维德哈之子阿闍世王的？他又如何向世尊禀告的？

Vissajjanā – ‘‘abhijānāsi no tvaṃ mahārāja imaṃ pañhaṃ aññe samaṇabrāhmaṇe pucchitāti, abhijānāmahaṃ bhante aññe samaṇabrāhmaṇe pucchitāti, yathākathaṃ pana te mahārāja byākariṃsu, sace te agaru, bhāsassūti na kho me bhante garu, yatthassa bhagavā nisinno bhavantarūpo vāti, tenehi mahārāja bhāsassū’’ti, evaṃ kho bhante tadā bhagavatā rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehi putto paṭipucchito, evaṃ kho bhante tena tadā bhagavato ārocitaṃ.

回答：“大王，你是否记得曾向其他沙门和婆罗门问过这个问题？”“尊者，我记得曾向其他沙门和婆罗门问过。”“大王，他们是如何解释的？如果你不觉得麻烦，请说吧。”“尊者，在世尊或如世尊您这样的人面前，对我来说当然不麻烦。”“那么，大王，请说吧。”尊者，那时世尊就是这样反问摩揭陀国阿闍世王、维德哈之子的，尊者，他那时就是这样向世尊禀告的。

Pūraṇakassapa ayūvāda

富兰那迦叶的论说

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.28] pūraṇakassapassa santike pucchāvissajjanā ahosi.

问：贤友，在富兰那迦叶（Pūraṇakassapa）那里，问答是如何进行的？

Vissajjanā – ekamidaṃ bhante samayaṃ rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto yena pūraṇo kassapo tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā pūraṇaṃ kassapaṃ sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ pucchi, atha kho bhante pūraṇo kassapo karoto kho mahārāja kārayato, chindato chedāpayato, pacato pācāpayato, socayato socāpayato (peyyāla) karoto na karīyati pāpaṃ tyādinā rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vedehiputtassa saṃdiṭṭhi kaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ puṭṭho samāno akiriyaṃ byākāsi, evaṃ kho bhante pūraṇassa kassapassa santike pucchāvissajjanā ahosi.

答：大德，一时，摩揭陀国王阿闍世（Ajātasattu）韦提希子（Vedehiputta）去到富兰那迦叶那里，去到后，他向富兰那迦叶询问现世沙门果。大德，富兰那迦叶被摩揭陀国王阿闍世韦提希子询问现世沙门果时，宣说了不作论，他说：“大王，若人自行或教人行，斩断或教人斩断，烧煮或教人烧煮，悲伤或教人悲伤……作恶亦无罪过。”大德，在富兰那迦叶那里，问答就是这样进行的。

Pūraṇakassapavāda

富兰那迦叶的论说

Nissiriko [Pg.30] vata āvuso pūraṇassa kassapassa vādo anatthasaṃhito jigucchanīyo ativiya bhayānako, ye tassa vacanaṃ sotabbaṃ saddhātabbaṃ maññeyyuṃ, tesaṃ taṃ assa dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya, ettakeneva ajja mayaṃ pucchāvissajjanaṃ thapessāma.

贤友，富兰那迦叶的论说确实是卑劣的、不具义利的、可厌恶的、极其可怕的。凡是认为他的言论值得听闻和相信的人，那将对他们长久地带来不利和痛苦。今天我们就到此为止，停止问答。

Makkhaligosāla ayūvāda

末伽梨·果萨拉的论说

Pucchā – purimadivase āvuso mayā sāmaññaphalasuttassa nidānapariyāpannāni pucchitabbaṭṭhānāni kānici kānici pucchitāni, tayā ca suṭṭhu vissajjitāni, ajja pana yathānuppattamakkhaligosāya vādato paṭṭhāya pucchissāmi, makkhali pana āvuso

问：贤友，前些日子我问了《沙门果经》（Sāmaññaphalasutta）序言中的一些问题，你都很好地回答了。今天我将从末伽梨·果萨拉（Makkhaligosāla）的论说开始提问。贤友，末伽梨·果萨拉

Gosālo [Pg.31] raññā māgadhena ajātasattunā vedehiputtena sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ puṭṭho kathaṃ byākāsi.

果萨拉（Gosāla）被摩揭陀国王阿闍世韦提希子询问现世沙门果时，是如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – ekamidaṃ bhante samayaṃ rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto yena makkhaligosālo tenupasaṃkami, upasaṃkamitvā makkhaliṃ gosālaṃ sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ pucchi, atha kho bhante makkhaligosālo rājānaṃ māgadhaṃ ajātasattuṃ vedehiputtaṃ etadavoca ‘‘natthi mahārāja hetu natthi paccayo sattānaṃ saṃkilesāya, ahetū apaccayā sattā saṃkilissanti. Natthi mahārāja hetu natthi paccayo sattānaṃ visuddhiyā, ahetū apaccayā sattā visujjhanti, (peyyāla) cullāsīti mahākappino satasahassāni, yāni bāle ca paṇḍite ca sandhāvitvā saṃsaritvā dukkhassantaṃ karissanti, tattha natthi ‘imināhaṃ sīlena vā vatena vā tapena vā brahmacariyena vā aparipakkaṃ vā kammaṃ paripācessāmi, paripakkaṃ vā kammaṃ phussa phussa byantiṃ karissāmī’ti hevaṃ natthi. Doṇamite sukhadukkhe, pariyantakate saṃsāre natthi hāyanavaḍḍhane, natthi ukkaṃsāvakaṃse. Seyyathāpi nāma suttapuṭṭhe khitte nibbeṭhiyamānameva paleti, evameva bāle ca paṇḍite ca sandhāvitvā saṃsaritvā dukkhassantaṃ karissantī’’ti, itthaṃ kho bhante rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vedehiputtassa makkhaligosālo sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ puṭṭho samāno saṃsārasuddhiṃ byākāsi.

答：大德，一时，摩揭陀国王阿闍世韦提希子去到末伽梨·果萨拉那里，去到后，他向末伽梨·果萨拉询问现世沙门果。大德，末伽梨·果萨拉对摩揭陀国王阿闍世韦提希子说：“大王，众生之染污无因无缘，众生无因无缘而染污。大王，众生之清净无因无缘，众生无因无缘而清净。八万四千大劫，愚者和智者都将流转轮回，直至苦的终结。在此，没有‘我将以此戒、此誓、此苦行、此梵行使未成熟的业成熟，或使已成熟的业逐渐灭尽’这样的事。苦乐是量定的，轮回是有尽头的，没有增减，没有高低。犹如一团线球被抛出后，会一直滚动直到线尽，同样地，愚者和智者都将流转轮回，直至苦的终结。”大德，末伽梨·果萨拉被摩揭陀国王阿闍世韦提希子询问现世沙门果时，就是这样宣说轮回清净论的。

Makkhaligosālavāda

末伽梨·果萨拉论

Ayampi [Pg.33] āvuso vādo nissirikoyeva anatthasaṃhito jigucchanīyo ati viya bhayānako, ye tassa vacanaṃ sotabbaṃ saddhātabbaṃ maññeyyuṃ, tesaṃ taṃ assa dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya.

贤友们，此说亦复无益、无义、可厌、极可怖畏。凡认为其言语应听信者，彼等将长久遭受无利与苦恼。

Ajitakesakambalavāda

阿夷陀翅舍钦婆罗论

Pucchā – athāparampi [Pg.34] pucchāmi, ajito pana āvuso kesakambalo raññā māgadhena ajātasattunā vedehiputtena sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ puṭṭho kathaṃ byākāsi.

问：贤友，我再问一事。贤友阿夷陀翅舍钦婆罗(Ajita Kesakambala)被摩揭陀王阿闍世·韦提希子问及现世沙门果时，如何作答？

Vissajjanā – ekamidaṃ bhante samayaṃ rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto yena ajito kesakambalo tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā ajitaṃ kesakambalaṃ sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ pucchi, atha kho bhante ajito kesakambalo rājānaṃ māgadhaṃ ajātasattuṃ vedehiputtaṃ etadavoca ‘‘natthi mahārāja dinnaṃ, natthi yiṭṭhaṃ, natthi hutaṃ, natthi sukatadukkaṭānaṃ kammānaṃ phalaṃ vipāko, natthi ayaṃ loko, natthi paro loko, natthi mātā, natthi pitā, natthi sattā opapātikā, natthi loke samaṇabrāhmaṇā sammaggatā sammāpaṭipannā, ye imañca lokaṃ parañca lokaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedenti. (Peyyāla) bāle ca paṇḍite ca kāyassa bhedā ucchijjanti vinassantī’’ti. Itthaṃ kho bhante rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vedehiputtassa ajito kesakambalo [Pg.35] sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ puṭṭho samāno ucchedaṃ byākāsi.

答：尊者，有一次，摩揭陀王阿闍世·韦提希子前往阿夷陀翅舍钦婆罗处。抵达后，他向阿夷陀翅舍钦婆罗询问现世沙门果。尊者，那时阿夷陀翅舍钦婆罗对摩揭陀王阿闍世·韦提希子这样说：“大王，无所施与，无所供奉，无所祭祀，无善恶业之果报。无此世，无他世，无母，无父，无化生有情。世间无正行、正向之沙门婆罗门，彼等自证、现证此世他世而宣说。（中间省略）愚者与智者皆身坏而断灭、消逝。”尊者，摩揭陀王阿闍世·韦提希子这样询问阿夷陀翅舍钦婆罗现世沙门果时，彼作断灭论之答。

Ajitakesakambala

阿夷陀翅舍钦婆罗

Ayampi [Pg.37] kho āvuso nissirikoyeva, anatthasaṃhito jigucchanīyo ati viya bhayānako, ye tassa vacanaṃ sotabbaṃ saddhātabbaṃ maññeyyuṃ, tesaṃ taṃ assa dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya.

贤友们，此说亦复无益、无义、可厌、极可怖畏。凡认为其言语应听信者，彼等将长久遭受无利与苦恼。

Pakudhakaccāyanavāda

婆浮陀迦旃延论

Pucchā – athāparampi [Pg.38] pucchāmi, pakudho pana āvuso kaccāyano raññā māgadhena ajātasattunā vedehiputtena sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ puṭṭho kathaṃ byākāsi.

问：贤友，我再问一事。贤友婆浮陀迦旃延(Pakudha Kaccāyana)被摩揭陀王阿闍世·韦提希子问及现世沙门果时，如何作答？

Vissajjanā – ekamidaṃ bhante samayaṃ rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto yena pakudho kaccāyano tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā pakudhaṃ kaccāyanaṃ sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ pucchi, atha kho bhante pakudho kaccāyano rājānaṃ māgadhaṃ ajāsattuṃ vedehiputtaṃ etadavoca ‘‘sattime mahārāja kāyā akaṭā akaṭavidhā animmitā animmātā vañcā kūṭaṭṭhā esikaṭṭhāyitā, te na iñjanti, na vipariṇāmenti, na aññamaññaṃ byābādhenti, nālaṃ aññamaññassa sukhāya vā dukkhāya vā sukhadukkhāya vā. Katame satta, pathavīkāyo, āpokāyo, tejokāyo [Pg.39] vāyokāyo, sukhe, dukkhe, jīve sattame. Ime sattakāyā akaṭā akaṭavidhā animmitā animmātā vañcyā kūṭaṭṭhā esikaṭṭhāyitā, te na iñjanti, na vipariṇāmenti, na aññamaññaṃ byābādhenti, nālaṃ aññamaññassa sukhāya vā dukkhāya vā sukhadukkhāya vā. Tattha natthi hantā vā ghātetā vā, sotā vā sāvetā vā, viññātā vā viññāpetā vā, yopi tiṇhena satthena sīsaṃ chindati, na koci kiñci jivitā voropeti, sattannaṃtveva kāyānamantarena satthaṃ vivaramanupatatī’’ti. Itthaṃ kho bhante rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vedehiputtassa pakudho kaccāyano sāmaññaphalaṃ puṭṭho samāno aññena aññaṃ byākāsi.

答：尊者，有一次，摩揭陀王阿闍世·韦提希子前往婆浮陀迦旃延处。抵达后，他向婆浮陀迦旃延询问现世沙门果。尊者，那时婆浮陀迦旃延对摩揭陀王阿闍世·韦提希子这样说：“大王，有这七种身，无作、无作法、无造、无造作、无繁衍，如山顶般屹立，如柱般坚固。它们不摇动，不变化，互不伤害，不能互生乐、苦或不苦不乐。哪七种呢？地身、水身、火身、风身、乐、苦，第七为命。这七种身无作、无作法、无造、无造作、无繁衍，如山顶般屹立，如柱般坚固。它们不摇动，不变化，互不伤害，不能互生乐、苦或不苦不乐。在此，无杀者，无被杀者；无听者，无使听者；无知者，无使知者。即使有人以利刃断头，亦无人夺取任何生命，刀刃仅穿过七身之间隙。”尊者，摩揭陀王阿闍世·韦提希子这样询问婆浮陀迦旃延沙门果时，彼作异答。

Pakudhakaccāyanavāda

婆浮陀迦旃延论

Ayampi [Pg.41] kho āvuso vādo purimavādoviya nissirikoyeva anatthasaṃhito jigucchanīyo ativiya bhayānako.

贤友，此说亦复如前说般无益、无义、可厌、极可怖畏。

Nigaṇṭhanāṭaputtavāda

尼乾陀若提子论

Pucchā – athāparampi pucchāmi, nigaṇṭho panāvuso nāṭaputto raññā māgadhena ajātasattunā vedehiputtena sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ puṭṭho kathaṃ byākāsi.

问：贤友，我再问一事：尼乾陀若提子被摩揭陀王阿闍世·韦提希子问及现世沙门果时，如何作答？

Vissajjanā – ekamidaṃ bhante samayaṃ rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto yena nigaṇṭho nāṭaputto tenupasaṃkami, upasaṃkamitvā nigaṇṭhaṃ nāṭaputtaṃ sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ pucchi, atha kho nigaṇṭho nāṭaputto rājānaṃ māgadhaṃ ajātasattuṃ vedehiputtaṃ etadavoca, ‘‘idha mahārāja nigaṇṭho cātuyāmasaṃvarasaṃvuto hoti, kathañca mahārāja

答：尊者，有一次，摩揭陀王阿闍世·韦提希子前往尼乾陀若提子处。抵达后，他向尼乾陀若提子询问现世沙门果。那时，尼乾陀若提子对摩揭陀王阿闍世·韦提希子这样说：“大王，在此，尼乾陀为四制约所防护。大王，尼乾陀如何为四制约所防护呢？

Nigaṇṭho [Pg.42] cātuyāmasaṃvarasaṃvuto hoti, idha mahārāja nigaṇṭho sabbavārivārito ca hoti, sabbavāriyutto ca, sabbavāridhuto ca, sabbavāriphuṭo ca. Evaṃ kho mahārāja nigaṇṭho cātuyāmasaṃvarasaṃvuto hoti, yato kho mahārāja nigaṇṭho evaṃ cātuyāmasaṃvarasaṃvuto hoti. Ayaṃ vuccati mahārāja nigaṇṭho gatatto ca yatatto ca ṭhitatto cā’’ti. Itthaṃ kho bhante rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vedehiputtassa nigaṇṭho nāṭaputto sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ puṭṭho samāno cātuyāmasaṃvaraṃ byākāsi.

尼乾陀为四制约所防护。大王，在此，尼乾陀完全被一切水所阻、与一切水结合、被一切水洗涤、被一切水遍布。大王，尼乾陀即是这样为四制约所防护的。大王，当尼乾陀如此为四制约所防护时，此尼乾陀被称为已至我、已制我、已住我。”尊者，摩揭陀王阿闍世·韦提希子询问尼乾陀若提子现世沙门果时，尼乾陀作四制约之答。

Nigaṇṭhavāda

尼乾陀论

Etassa [Pg.43] panāvuso vāde koci sāsanānulomavādo atthi, asuddhaladdhitāya pana esopi vādo jigucchanīyoyeva, seyyathāpi bhojanaṃ gūthamissaṃ gārayhoyeva ārakā parivajjitabboyeva, seyyathāpi visasaṃsaṭṭho āpānīyakaṃso.

然而，贤友，关于这个论点，即使有符合教义的说法，但因为是不正见，这个论点仍然令人厌恶，就像掺了粪便的食物一样，应受呵责，应该远远避开；又像混了毒药的饮水之杯一样。

Siñcaññavāda

散惹夷论

Pucchā – athāparampi [Pg.44] pucchāmi, sañcayo panāvuso belaṭṭhaputto sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ puṭṭho kathaṃ byākāsi.

问：贤友，我再问：散惹夷（Sañcaya）·贝拉提子（Belaṭṭhaputta）被问及现世沙门果时，他如何作答？

Vissajjanā – ekamidaṃ bhante samayaṃ rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto yena sañcayo belaṭṭhaputto tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā sañcayaṃ belaṭṭhaputtaṃ etadavoca, ‘‘yathā nu kho imāni bho sañcaya puthusippāyatanāni, seyyathidaṃ, hatthārohā assarohā…pe… sakkā nu kho bho sañcaya evameva diṭṭheva dhamme sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ paññapetu’’nti, evaṃ vutte bhante sañcayo belaṭṭhaputto rājānaṃ māgadhaṃ ajātasattuṃ vedehiputtaṃ etadavoca.

答：尊者，有一次摩揭陀国王阿阇世·韦提希子前往散惹夷·贝拉提子处。抵达后，他向散惹夷·贝拉提子说：“散惹夷，正如这些各种各样的行业，例如象兵、马兵等等……散惹夷，是否能够像这样在现世中指出现世沙门果呢？”尊者，当他这样说时，散惹夷·贝拉提子对摩揭陀国王阿阇世·韦提希子这样说。

‘‘Atthi parolokoti iti ce maṃ pucchasi, atthi paro lokoti iti ce me assa, atthi paro

“如果你问我‘有他世吗？’，如果我确信‘有他世’，我就会说‘有他世’。

Lokoti [Pg.45] iti te naṃ byākareyyaṃ, evantipi me no, tathātipi me no, aññathātipi me no, notipi me no, no notipi me no…pe… neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇāti iti ce maṃ pucchasi, neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇāti iti ce me assa, neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇāti iti te naṃ byākareyyaṃ, evantipi me no, tathātipi me no, aññathātipi me no, notipi me no, no notipi me no’’ti. Itthaṃ kho bhante rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vedehiputtassa sañcayo belaṭṭhaputto sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ puṭṭho samāno vikkhepaṃ byākāsi.

我就会向你宣称有他世。但我不会说“是这样”，也不会说“是那样”，也不会说“是其他”，也不会说“不是”，也不会说“不是不是”……乃至如果你问我：“如来死后既非存在也非不存在吗？”，如果我确信“如来死后既非存在也非不存在”，我就会说“如来死后既非存在也非不存在”。但我不会说“是这样”，也不会说“是那样”，也不会说“是其他”，也不会说“不是”，也不会说“不是不是”。’尊者，摩揭陀国王阿阇世·韦提希子询问现世沙门果时，散惹夷·贝拉提子就是这样顾左右而言他，含糊其辞地回答的。

Titthiayūvāda

外道说

Sabbepi [Pg.46] āvuso ete channaṃ satthārānaṃ vādā nissirikāyeva jigucchanīyāyeva anatthasaṃhitāyeva, bālānaṃ bhiyyoso mattāya sammohāya saṃvattanti anatthāya.

诸贤友，这六位导师的言论都是无价值的、可憎的、无益的，只会更加加深愚人的迷惑，导致损害。

Ajja [Pg.47] pana āvuso kālo atikkanto, sveyeva bhagavatā vuttaṃ paṇītaṃ pasaṭṭhaṃ sandiṭṭhikaphalaṃ pucchāma.

贤友，今天时间已过，明天我们去请问世尊所说的殊胜、精妙的现见果吧。

Pucchā – purimadivasesu āvuso sāmaññaphalasuttassa pubbabhāge yāva chasatthāramicchāvādapariyosānaṃ pucchanavissajjanaṃ amhehi kataṃ, ajja pana yathānuppattaṃ bhagavatā desitasāmaññaphalasuttādhikāre pucchāvissajjanaṃ karissāma. Bhagavā pana āvuso raññā māgadhena ajātasattunā vedehiputtena sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ puṭṭho kathaṃ byākāsi.

提问——贤友，前些日子我们已经完成了《沙门果经》(Sāmaññaphalasutta)序分到六师邪说结束的问答。今天我们将按照顺序，在世尊所说的《沙门果经》的主题下进行问答。贤友，摩揭陀(Magadha)国王阿阇世韦提希子问及现见沙门果时，世尊是如何解说的？

Vissajjanā – bhagavā bhante tidhā vibhajitvā rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vedehiputtassa sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ puṭṭho byākāsi.

回答——尊者，世尊被摩揭陀国王阿阇世韦提希子问及现见沙门果时，将它分为三部分来解说。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.48] bhagavā rañño māgadhassa ajātasattuno vedehiputtassa paṭhamaṃ sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ desesi.

提问——贤友，世尊是如何为摩揭陀国王阿阇世韦提希子宣说最初的现见沙门果的？

Vissajjanā – dāsaṃ bhante pabbajitaṃ upamābhāvena niddisitvā rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vedehiputtassa bhagavā paṭhamaṃ sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ desesi.

回答——尊者，世尊以奴仆出家为例，为摩揭陀国王阿阇世韦提希子宣说了最初的现见沙门果。

Sohaṃ [Pg.49] bhante bhagavantampi pucchāmi, yathā nu kho imāni bhante puthusippāyatanāni seyyathidaṃ…pe… sakkā nu kho bhante eva meva diṭṭheva dhamme sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ paññapetuṃ –

尊者，我亦想问世尊：就像这些各种各样的技艺……尊者，是否也能像这样，开示现见沙门果呢？

Acchariyaṃ [Pg.52] āvuso abbhutaṃ āvuso, yāva svākhātassa buddhasāsanassa mahiddhikatā mahānubhāvatā, yatrahi nāma dāsopi nihīnajacco evaṃ svākhāte buddhasāsane pabbajitvā attano issarabhūtena raññāpi vandanīyattaṃ garukaraṇīyattaṃ pāpuṇissati, supaññattametaṃ bhagavatā paṭhamaṃ sandiṭṭhikaphalaṃ.

贤友，真是稀有啊！贤友，真是未曾有啊！善说之佛法具有大神通力与大威德力，竟然连一个出身卑贱的奴隶，都能在这善说之佛法中出家，得到他自己过去的主人，也就是国王的礼敬与尊重。这是世尊所善说的第一种现见果。

Pucchā – kathaṃ [Pg.53] panāvuso bhagavā rañño māgadhassa ajātasattuno vedehiputtassa dutiyaṃ sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ desesi.

提问——贤友，世尊又是如何为摩揭陀国王阿阇世韦提希子宣说第二个现见沙门果的呢？

Vissajjanā – kassakaṃ bhante pabbajitaṃ upamābhāvena dassetvā bhagavā rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vedehiputtassa sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ desesi.

回答——尊者，世尊以农夫出家的比喻，为摩揭陀国王阿阇世韦提希子宣说了现见沙门果。

Acchariyaṃ [Pg.55] āvuso abbhutaṃ āvuso, yāva buddhasāsanassa svākhātatā mahiddhikatā mahānubhāvatā, yatrahi nāma kassa kopi guṇarahito evaṃ svākhāte buddhasāsane pabbajitvā raṭṭhadhipatinā manussaloke devabhūtena raññāpi garukaraṇīyataṃ vandanīyataṃ pāpuṇissati, supaññattametaṃ āvuso bhagavatā dutiyaṃ sandiṭṭhikaphalaṃ.

贤友，真是稀有啊！贤友，真是未曾有啊！善说之佛法具有大神通力与大威德力。竟然会有毫无功德的人，在这善说之佛法中出家后，也能得到人间的君王、如同天神一般的国王的尊重与礼敬。贤友，这是世尊所善说的第二种现见果。

Pucchā – kathañcā [Pg.56] panāvuso bhagavā purimehi sandiṭṭhikasāmaññaphalehi abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ rañño desesi.

提问——然而，贤友，世尊是如何为国王宣说比之前那些现见沙门果更殊胜、更精妙的现见沙门果的呢？

Vissajjanā – bhagavā bhante buddhuppādato paṭṭhāya kulaputtassa pabbajita bhāvaṃ, tassa ca sīlasampadaṃ, tassa ca indriyesu guttadvārataṃ, ariyañcasatisampajaññaṃ, ariyañca santuṭṭhiṃ, pañcannañca nīvaraṇānaṃ pahānaṃ, cattāri ca jhānāni, aṭṭha ca vijjāyo, tāhi tāhi upamāhi vitthārato vibhajitvā rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vedehiputtassa sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ purimehi sandiṭṭhikehi sāmaññaphalehi abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca desesi.

回答——尊者，世尊从佛陀出现开始，就以种种譬喻详细地解说良家子出家的状态、他的戒行圆满、他的根门守护、圣正念与正知、圣知足、五盖的断除、四种禅定以及八种明，并为摩揭陀国王阿阇世韦提希子宣说了比之前所说的现见沙门果更为殊胜、更精妙的现见沙门果。

Sakkā [Pg.57] pana bhante diṭṭheva dhamme sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ, purimehi sandiṭṭhikehi sāmaññaphalehi abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca paññapetuṃ.

尊者，是否能够开示现见沙门果，而且比之前所说的现见沙门果更殊胜、更精妙呢？

Sakkā mahārājā, tena hi mahārāja suṇohi sādhukaṃ manasikarohi bhāsissāmi.

可以的，大王。那么，大王，请仔细听，好好作意，我将要说。

Pucchā – kathañca [Pg.58] panāvuso bhikkhu sīlasampanno hoti, kathañca bhagavā rañño māgadhassa ajātasattuno vedehiputtassa cūḷasīlaṃ vibhajitvā desesi.

问：贤友，比丘是如何成为持戒圆满的？世尊又是如何为摩揭陀国王阿阇世韦提希子详细地宣说小戒的？

Vissajjanā – ‘‘kathañca [Pg.59] mahārāja bhikkhu sīlasampanno hoti. Idha mahārāja bhikkhu pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti nihitadaṇḍo nihitasattho lajjī dayāpanno, sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī viharati. Idampissa hoti sīlasmiṃ’’ evamādinā bhante bhagavā rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vedehiputtassa chabbīsatiyā ākārehi cūḷasīlaṃ vibhajitvā desesi.

回答：“大王，比丘是怎样成为持戒圆满的呢？大王，比丘舍弃杀生，远离杀生，放下棍棒，放下刀剑，有惭愧心，有慈悲心，为了所有生命福祉而心怀怜悯地住着。这就是他的戒行。”尊者，世尊以像这样等二十六种方式，为摩揭陀国王阿阇世韦提希子详细地宣说了小戒。

Sādhu [Pg.60] sādhu āvuso, sādhu sādhu āvuso yaṃ bhikkhu evaṃ svākhāte buddhasāsane saddhāpabbājito iminā ca cūḷasīlena samannāgato vihareyya.

善哉，善哉，贤友！善哉，善哉，贤友！如果比丘在此善说的佛陀教法中，以信心出家，又具足这小戒而住，那真是善哉。

Idāni [Pg.61] pana kālo atikkanto.

现在时间已经过去了。

Suve yathānuppattaṭṭhānato paṭṭhāya pucchāvissajjanaṃ karissāma.

明天，我们将从上次停下的地方开始问答。

Pucchā – kathaṃ panāvuso rañño māgadhassa ajātasattuno vedehiputtassa majjhimasīlañca mahāsīlañca vibhajitvā desesi.

提问——贤友，世尊是如何为摩揭陀国王阿阇世韦提希子分别宣说中戒和大戒的？

Vissajjanā – ‘‘yathā vā paneke bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā saddhādeyyāni bhojanāni bhuñjitvā te evarūpaṃ bījagāmabhūtagāmasamārambhaṃ anuyuttā viharanti. Seyyathidaṃ. Mūlabījaṃ khandhabījaṃ phaḷubījaṃ aggabījaṃ bījabījameva pañcamaṃ, iti evarūpā bījagāmabhūtagāmasamārambhā paṭivirato hoti. Idampissa hoti sīlasmiṃ’’ evamādinā bhante bhagavā rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vedehiputtassa majjhimasīlañca mahāsīlañca vitthārato vibhajitvā desesi.

答曰：“又如一些沙门、婆罗门，受用信施后，仍致力于毁坏种子类与植物类，即：根种子、茎种子、节种子、芽种子，第五为谷种子。他远离此等毁坏种子类与植物类之事。这亦是他的戒。”尊者，世尊就是这样，为摩揭陀国王阿闍世·韦提希子详细地分别开示了中戒与大戒。

Sādhu [Pg.68] sādhu āvuso, sādhu kho āvuso yaṃ bhikkhu evaṃ svākhāte buddhasāsane saddhāpabbajito evaṃ ariyena sīlena samannāgato vihareyya.

善哉，善哉，贤友！贤友，实为善哉！若比丘于此善说之佛法中，由信出家，具足如是圣戒而住。

Pucchā – kathaṃ panāvuso ariyaṃ indriyasaṃvarañca ariyaṃ satisampajaññañca ariyaṃ santosañca bhagavā rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vibhajitvā desesi.

问曰：贤友，世尊是如何为摩揭陀国王阿闍世分别开示圣根律仪、圣念正知与圣知足的呢？

Vissajjanā – idha mahārāja bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā na nimittaggāhī hoti nanubyañjanaggāhī, yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ cakkhundriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati, rakkhati cakkhundriyaṃ, cakkhundriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati, evamādinā ca.

答曰：大王，于此，比丘以眼见色时，不取相，不取随相。由于彼眼根若不防护而住，贪与忧等恶不善法即会流入，是故彼行于防护，守护眼根，实践眼根之律仪。如是等等。

Idha mahārāja bhikkhu satisampajaññena samannāgato hoti, abhikkante paṭikkante sampajanakārī hoti,

大王，于此，比丘具足念正知，于前进后退时，保持正知。

Ālokite [Pg.69] vilokite sampajānakārī hoti, samiñjite pasārite sampajānakārī hoti, saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇe sampajānakārī hoti, asite pīte khāyite sāyite sampajānakārī hoti, uccārapassāvakamme sampajānakārī hoti, gate ṭhite nisinne sutte jāgarite bhāsite tuṇhībhāve sampajānakārī hoti, evaṃ kho mahārāja bhikkhu satisampajaññena samannāgato hoti.

于前瞻后顾时，保持正知；于屈伸肢体时，保持正知；于穿僧伽梨、持衣钵时，保持正知；于食、饮、嚼、尝时，保持正知；于大小便时，保持正知；于行、住、坐、卧、醒、语、默时，保持正知。大王，比丘如是具足念正知。

Kathañca mahārāja bhikkhu santuṭṭho hoti, idha mahārāja bhikkhu santuṭṭho hoti kāyaparihārikena cīvarena kucchiparihārikena piṇḍapātena.

大王，比丘如何知足？大王，于此，比丘以蔽体之衣、果腹之食而知足。

Evamādinā bhante bhagavā rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vedehiputtassa ariyañca indriyesuguttadvārataṃ ariyañca satisampajaññaṃ ariyañca santosaṃ vibhajitvā desesi.

尊者，世尊即以此理，为摩揭陀王阿闍世·韦提希子分别开示了圣根律仪、圣念正知与圣知足。

Sādhu [Pg.72] sādhu āvuso, sādhu kho āvuso yaṃ bhikkhu evaṃ svākhāte buddhasāsane saddhāpabbajito iminā ca ariyena indriyasaṃvarena samannāgato, iminā ca ariyena satisampajaññena

善哉，善哉，贤友！贤友，实为善哉！若比丘于此善说之佛法中，由信出家，具足此圣根律仪，具足此圣念正知，

Samannāgato[Pg.73], imāya ca ariyāya santuṭṭhiyā samannāgato vihareyya.

具足此圣知足而住。

Pucchā – kathaṃ panāvuso bhagavā rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vedehiputtassa nīvaraṇapahānaṃ vibhajitvā desesi.

问曰：贤友，世尊是如何为摩揭陀王阿闍世·韦提希子分别开示断除五盖的呢？

Vissajjanā – so evaṃ ariyena sīlakkhandhena samannāgato, ariyena indriyasaṃvarena samannāgato, ariyena satisampajaññena samannāgato, ariyāya santuṭṭhiyā samannāgato, vivittaṃ senāsanaṃ bhajati araññaṃ rukkhamūlaṃ pabbataṃ kandaraṃ giriguhaṃ susānaṃ vanapattaṃ abbhokāsaṃ palālapuñjaṃ. So pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto nisīdati pallaṅkaṃ ābhuñjitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā. So abhijjhaṃ loke pahāya vigatābhijjhena cetasā viharati…pe… tassime pañca nīvaraṇe pahīne attani samanupassato pāmojjaṃ jāyati, pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo [Pg.74] sukhaṃ vedehi, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavā rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vedehiputtassa nīvaraṇappahānaṃ vibhajitvā vitthārato desesi.

答曰：他如是具足圣戒蕴，具足圣根律仪，具足圣念正知，具足圣知足，受用闲静之坐卧处：森林、树下、山、岩洞、山窟、冢间、林丛、露地、草堆。他食后，从乞食归，结跏趺坐，端正其身，置念于面前。他舍断世间之贪欲，以离贪之心而住……当他见到自身已舍断此五盖时，则生欣悦；欣悦者生喜；心喜者身轻安；身轻安者感受乐；心乐者得定。尊者，世尊正是这样为摩揭陀王阿闍世·韦提希子详细地分别开示了断除五盖。

Sādhu [Pg.77] sādhu āvuso, sādhu kho āvuso yaṃ bhikkhu evaṃ svākhāte buddhasāsane saddhāpabbajito evaṃ pañcanīvaraṇe pajahitvā tehi cittaṃ visodhetvā vihareyya.

善哉，善哉，贤友！贤友，实为善哉！若比丘于此善说之佛法中，由信出家，如是舍断五盖，净化其心而住。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.78] bhagavā rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vedehiputtassa paṭhamaṃ sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ desesi, purimehi sandiṭṭhikehi sāmaññaphalehi abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.

问曰：贤友，世尊是如何为摩揭陀王阿闍世·韦提希子开示第一现见沙门果，即比先前诸现见沙门果更殊胜、更微妙者呢？

Vissajjanā – so vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati…pe… idampi kho mahārāja sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ purimehi sandiṭṭhikehi sāmaññaphalehi abhikkantatarañca

答曰：他远离诸欲，远离诸不善法，有寻有伺，离生喜乐，成就初禅而住。……大王，此亦是现见沙门果，比先前诸现见沙门果更殊胜、

Paṇītatarañca[Pg.79]. Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavā rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vedehiputtassa paṭhamaṃ sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ purimehi sandiṭṭhikehi sāmaññaphalehi abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca desesi.

更微妙。尊者，世尊正是这样为摩揭陀王阿闍世·韦提希子开示了第一现见沙门果，即比先前诸现见沙门果更殊胜、更微妙者。

Sādhu [Pg.80] sādhu āvuso, sādhu kho āvuso yaṃ bhikkhu evaṃ svākhāte buddhasāsanasaṅkhāte dhammavinaye pabbajitvā evaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ

善哉，善哉，贤友！贤友，实为善哉！若比丘于此善说之法与律中出家，如是成就初禅，

Upasampajja [Pg.81] vivekajena pītisukhena attano kāyaṃ abhisandeyya parisandeyya paripūreyya.

以离生喜乐，浸润、遍满、充满其身。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.82] bhagavā dutiyañca tatiyañca catutthañca sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ desesi, purimehi sandiṭṭhikehi sāmaññaphalehi abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.

问：贤友，世尊是如何宣说第二、第三和第四现世沙门果，比之前的现世沙门果更殊胜、更微妙呢？

Vissajjanā – puna ca paraṃ mahārāja bhikkhu vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃjhānaṃ upasampajja viharati evamādinā bhante bhagavā rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vedehiputtassa dutiyañca tatiyañca catutthañca sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ purimehi sandiṭṭhikehi sāmaññaphalehi abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca desesi.

答：大王，再者，比丘平息寻与伺，内有净信，心达一境，无寻无伺，由定生喜乐，具足第二禅而住。尊者，世尊正是这样为摩揭陀王韦提希子阿闍世宣说第二、第三和第四现世沙门果，比之前的现世沙门果更殊胜、更微妙。

Sādhu [Pg.85] sādhu āvuso, sādhu kho āvuso yaṃ bhikkhu evaṃ svākhāte buddhasāsanasaṅkhāte dhammavinaye saddhāpabbajito evaṃ dutiyajhānañca tatiyajhānañca catutthajhānañca upasampajja tehi jhānasukhehi attano kāyaṃ abhisandetvā parisandetvā paripūretvā vihareyya.

善哉，善哉，贤友！善哉，贤友！若比丘于此善说的佛陀教法之法与律中，以信出家，如此具足第二禅、第三禅、第四禅，以那些禅乐浸润、充满、遍满自己的身体而住。

Pucchā – kathañca [Pg.86] panāvuso bhagavā rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vedehiputtassa aparampi sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ desesi, purimehi sandiṭṭhikehi sāmaññaphalehi abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.

问：贤友，世尊还为摩揭陀王韦提希子阿闍世宣说了怎样的其他现世沙门果，比之前的现世沙门果更殊胜、更微妙呢？

Vissajjanā – so evaṃ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite ānañjappatte ñāṇadassanāya cittaṃ abhinīharati abhininnāmeti, so evaṃ pajānāti ‘‘ayaṃ kho me kāyo rūpī cātumahābhūtiko mātāpettikasambhavo odanakummāsūpacayo aniccucchādanaparimaddanabhedanaviddhaṃsanadhammo, idañca pana me viññāṇaṃ ettha sitaṃ ettha paṭibandhanti…pe… idampi kho mahārāja sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ purimehi sandiṭṭhikehi sāmaññaphalehi abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca. Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavā rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vedehiputtassa aparampi sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ purimehi sandiṭṭhikehi sāmaññaphalehi abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca desesi.

答：当他这样心入禅定、清净、皎洁、无瑕、离诸随烦恼、柔软、堪用、安住、不动时，他将心导向智见。他这样了知：“我此身有色，四大所成，父母所生，饭食所养，是无常、涂抹、按摩、破坏、散灭之法；而我此识，则依附于此，系缚于此。”……大王，这也是现世沙门果，比之前的现世沙门果更殊胜、更微妙。尊者，世尊正是这样为摩揭陀王韦提希子阿闍世宣说其他现世沙门果，比之前的现世沙门果更殊胜、更微妙。

Suññāraṃgā [Pg.88] paviṭṭhassa, santacittassa bhikkhuno. Amānusī ratī hoti, sammādhammaṃ vipassato.

入于空闲处，比丘心寂静，正观于诸法，得非人喜乐。

Sādhu [Pg.89] sādhu āvuso, sādhu kho āvuso yaṃ bhikkhu evaṃ svākhāte buddhasāsanasaṅkhāte dhammavinaye saddhāpabbajito evaṃ ñāṇadassanaṃ uppādetvā evaṃ ñāṇadassanena samannāgato hutvā vihareyya.

善哉，善哉，贤友！善哉，贤友！若比丘于此善说的佛陀教法之法与律中，以信出家，如此生起智见，具足智见而住。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.90] bhagavā aparampi sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ desesi, purimehi sandiṭṭhikehi sāmaññaphalehi abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.

问：贤友，世尊还宣说了怎样的其他现世沙门果，比之前的现世沙门果更殊胜、更微妙呢？

Vissajjanā – so evaṃ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite ānañjappatte manomayaṃ kāyaṃ abhinimmānāya cittaṃ abhinīharati abhininnāmeti, so imamhā kāyā aññaṃ kāyaṃ abhinimmināti rūpiṃ manomayaṃ sabbaṅgapaccaṅgiṃ ahīnindriyaṃ evamādinā bhante bhagavā rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vedehiputtassa aparampi sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ purimehi sandiṭṭhikehi sāmaññaphalehi abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca desesi.

答：当他这样心入禅定、清净、皎洁、无瑕、离诸随烦恼、柔软、堪用、安住、不动时，他将心导向化作意生身。他从此身化作出另一个有色、意所成、具足一切肢体、诸根不缺的身体。尊者，世尊正是这样为摩揭陀王韦提希子阿闍世宣说其他现世沙门果，比之前的现世沙门果更殊胜、更微妙。

Sādhu [Pg.92] sādhu āvuso, sādhu kho āvuso yaṃ bhikkhu evaṃ svākhāte buddhasāsanasaṅkhāte dhammavinaye saddhāpabbajito evaṃ visesena manomayañāṇena samannāgato vihareyya.

善哉，善哉，贤友！善哉，贤友！若比丘于此善说的佛陀教法之法与律中，以信出家，如此具足殊胜的意生身智而住。

Pucchā – bhagavā [Pg.93] āvuso rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vedehiputtassa jhānacatukkasaṅkhātañca paṭhama dutiya vijjāsaṅkhātañca sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ dassetvā, aparaṃ kīdisaṃ saṃndiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ desesi, purimehi sandiṭṭhikehi sāmaññaphalehi abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.

问：贤友，世尊为摩揭陀王韦提希子阿闍世开示了所谓的四禅以及第一明与第二明等现世沙门果之后，还开示了何种比之前的现世沙门果更殊胜、更微妙的现世沙门果呢？

Vissajjanā – so evaṃ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite ānañjappatte iddhividhāya cittaṃ abhinīharati abhininnāmeti, so anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti, ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hoti…pe… idampi kho mahārāja sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ purimehi sandiṭṭhikehi sāmaññaphalehi abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañcāti. Itthaṃ kho bhante bhagavā rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vedehiputtassa aparampi sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ purimehi sandiṭṭhikehi sāmaññaphalehi abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca desesi.

答：大王，当他这样心入禅定、清净、皎洁、无瑕、离诸随烦恼、柔软、堪用、安住、不动时，他将心导向神通。他体验种种神通：由一变多，由多变一……大王，这也是现世沙门果，比之前的现世沙门果更殊胜、更微妙。尊者，世尊正是这样为摩揭陀王韦提希子阿闍世宣说了另一种现世沙门果，比之前的现世沙门果更殊胜、更微妙。

Acchariyaṃ [Pg.95] āvuso abbhutaṃ āvuso, yāva buddhasāsanassa svākhātatā, yatrahi nāma evaṃ svākhāte buddhasāsane pabbajitvā sāvakopi sammāpaṭipanno evaṃ mahiddhikaṃ evaṃ mahānubhāvaṃ iddhividhañāṇampi paccanubhossati.

真是稀有，贤友！真是未曾有，贤友！佛陀的教法是如此善说！于此善说的佛陀教法中出家，弟子若能如法修行，也能体验到如此大威力、大威德的神通智。

Pucchā – kathaṃ [Pg.96] panāvuso bhagavā aparampi sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ desesi, purimehi sandiṭṭhikehi sāmaññaphalehi abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.

问：贤友，世尊还宣说了怎样的其他现世沙门果，比之前的现世沙门果更殊胜、更微妙呢？

Vissajjanā – so evaṃ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite ānañjappatte dibbāya sotadhātuyā cittaṃ abhinīharati abhininnāmeti, so dibbāya sotadhātuyā visuddhāya atikkanta mānusikāya ubho sadde suṇāti dibbe ca mānuse ca ye dūre santike ca…pe… idampi kho mahārāja sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ purimehi sandiṭṭhikehi sāmaññaphalehi abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca. Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavā rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vedehiputtassa aparampi sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ purimehi sandiṭṭhikehi sāmaññaphalehi abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca desesi.

答：当心如此得定，清净、明洁、无秽、离诸随烦恼、柔软、适业、安住、已达不动时，他将心转向、倾注于天耳界。他以清净、超乎常人的天耳界，听到两种声音——天上的与人间的，无论是远是近……大王，这也是一种现世沙门果，比之前的种种现世沙门果更殊胜、更美妙。尊者，世尊就是这样为摩揭陀国王阿闍世、韦提希子宣说了另一种现世沙门果，比之前的种种现世沙门果更殊胜、更美妙。

Acchariyaṃ [Pg.98] āvuso, abbhutaṃ āvuso, yāva buddhasāsanassa svākhātatā, yatrahi nāma evaṃ svākhāte buddhasāsane saddhāpabbajito sammāpaṭipanno sāvakopi evaṃ visesaṃ dibbasotañāṇaṃ paṭilabhissati.

贤友，真是稀有！贤友，真是未曾有！佛陀的教法是如此善说，以致于在这善说的佛陀教法中，以信出家、如法修行的弟子也能获得如此殊胜的天耳智。

Pucchā – kathaṃ panāvuso bhagavā aparampi sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ desesi, purimehi sandiṭṭhikehi sāmaññaphalehi abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.

问：贤友，世尊又如何开示了另一种现世沙门果，比之前的种种现世沙门果更殊胜、更美妙？

Vissajjanā – so evaṃ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte. Anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite

答：当心如此得定，清净、明洁、无秽、离诸随烦恼、柔软、适业、安住时，

Ānañjappatte [Pg.99] cetopariyañāṇāya cittaṃ abhinīharati abhininnāmeti, so parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cetasā ceto paricca pajānāti, sarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ sarāgaṃ cittanti pajānāti, vītarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ vītarāgaṃ cittanti pajānāti…pe… idampi kho mahārāja sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ purimehi sandiṭṭhikehi sāmaññaphalehi abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca. Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavā rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vedehiputtassa aparampi sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ purimehi sandiṭṭhikehi sāmaññaphalehi abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca desesi.

已达不动时，他将心转向、专注于他心智(cetopariyañāṇa)。他以心遍知其他有情、其他个人的心：了知有贪欲的心为“有贪欲的心”，了知离贪欲的心为“离贪欲的心”……大王，这也是一种现世沙门果，比之前的种种现世沙门果更殊胜、更美妙。尊者，世尊就是这样为摩揭陀国王阿闍世、韦提希子宣说了另一种现世沙门果，比之前的种种现世沙门果更殊胜、更美妙。

Acchariyaṃ [Pg.100] āvuso, abbhutaṃ āvuso, yāva buddhasāsanassa svākhātatā, yatrahi nāma evaṃ svākhāte buddhasāsane pabbajito sammāpaṭipanno sāvakopi evaṃ visesaṃ cetopariyañāṇaṃ paṭilabhissati.

贤友，真是稀有！贤友，真是未曾有！佛陀的教法是如此善说，以致于在这善说的佛陀教法中，出家并如法修行的弟子也能获得如此殊胜的他心智。

Pucchā – kathaṃ [Pg.101] panāvuso bhagavā aparampi sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ desesi, purimehi sandiṭṭhikehi sāmaññaphalehi abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.

问：贤友，世尊又如何开示了另一种现世沙门果，比之前的种种现世沙门果更殊胜、更美妙？

Vissajjanā – so evaṃ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite ānañjappatte pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇāya cittaṃ abhinīharati abhininnāmeti, so anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati, seyyathidaṃ, ekampijātiṃ dvepi jātiyo…pe… idampi kho mahārāja sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ purimehi sandiṭṭhikehi sāmaññaphalehi abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca. Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavā rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vedehiputtassa aparampi sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ purimehi sandiṭṭhikehi sāmaññaphalehi abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca desesi.

答：当心如此得定，清净、明洁、无秽、离诸随烦恼、柔软、适业、安住、已达不动时，他将心转向、专注于宿住随念智(pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇa)。他回忆起种种宿住，即：一生、二生……大王，这也是一种现世沙门果，比之前的种种现世沙门果更殊胜、更美妙。尊者，世尊就是这样为摩揭陀国王阿闍世、韦提希子宣说了另一种现世沙门果，比之前的种种现世沙门果更殊胜、更美妙。

Acchariyaṃ [Pg.104] āvuso, abbhutaṃ āvuso, yāva buddhasāsanassa svākhātatā, yatrahi nāma evaṃ svākhāte buddhasāsane pabbajitvā sāvakopi sammāpaṭipanno evaṃ visesaṃ pubbenivāsañāṇaṃ paṭilabhissati.

贤友，真是稀有！贤友，真是未曾有！佛陀的教法是如此善说，以致于在这善说的佛陀教法中，出家并如法修行的弟子也能获得如此殊胜的宿住智。

Pucchā – kathañca panāvuso bhagavā sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ desesi, purimehi sandiṭṭhikehi sāmaññaphalehi abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.

问：贤友，世尊又是如何开示了这样一种现世沙门果，它比之前的种种现世沙门果更殊胜、更美妙呢？

Vissajjanā – so evaṃ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite āneñjappatte sattānaṃ cutūpapātañāṇāya cittaṃ abhinīharati [Pg.105] abhininnāmeti, so dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe sugate duggate yathākammupage satte pajānāti…pe… idampi kho mahārāja sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ purimehi sandiṭṭhikehi sāmaññaphalehi abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca. Itthaṃ kho bhante bhagavā rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vedehiputtassa aparampi sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ purimehi sandiṭṭhikehi sāmaññaphalehi abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca desesi.

答：当心如此得定，清净、明洁、无秽、离诸随烦恼、柔软、适业、安住、已达不动时，他将心转向、专注于有情死生智(sattānaṃ cutūpapātañāṇa)。他以清净、超乎常人的天眼，看见有情们的死与生，卑贱与高贵，美貌与丑陋，善趣与恶趣；了知有情随各自的业而流转……大王，这也是一种现世沙门果，比之前的种种现世沙门果更殊胜、更美妙。尊者，世尊就是这样为摩揭陀国王阿闍世、韦提希子宣说了另一种现世沙门果，比之前的种种现世沙门果更殊胜、更美妙。

Acchariyaṃ [Pg.107] āvuso, abbhutaṃ āvuso, yāva buddhasāsanassa svākhātatā, yatrahi nāma evaṃ svākhāte buddhasāsane pabbajito sāvakopi sammāpaṭipanno evaṃ visesaṃ dibbacakkhuñāṇaṃ paṭilabhissati.

贤友，真是稀有！贤友，真是未曾有！佛陀的教法是如此善说，以致于在这善说的佛陀教法中，出家并如法修行的弟子也能获得如此殊胜的天眼智。

Pucchā – kathaṃ [Pg.108] panāvuso bhagavā pariyosāne uttaritaraṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ desesi.

问：贤友，世尊最后开示了怎样更超胜的沙门果呢？

Vissajjanā – so evaṃ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite āneñjappatte āsavānaṃ khayañāṇāya cittaṃ abhinīharati abhininnāmeti…pe… idaṃ kho mahārāja sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ purimehi sandiṭṭhikehi sāmaññaphalehi abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca. Imasmā ca pana mahārāja sandiṭṭhikā sāmaññaphalā aññaṃ sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ uttaritaraṃ vā paṇītataraṃ vā natthīti. Itthaṃ kho bhante bhagavā rañño māgadhassa ajātasattussa vedehiputtassa pariyosānaṃ sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ purimehi sandiṭṭhikehi sāmaññaphalehi abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca desesi.

答：大王，当他的心如此入定、清净、明亮、无垢、离随烦恼、柔软、堪用、安住、已达不动时，他就将心转向、倾注于漏尽智……大王，这就是现世沙门果，比之前那些现世沙门果更加殊胜和精妙。大王，在这现世沙门果之上，再没有其他更殊胜或更精妙的现世沙门果了。尊者，世尊就是这样为摩揭陀国王阿闍世、韦提希子阐述了这究竟的现世沙门果，这比之前那些现世沙门果更加殊胜和精妙。

Sādhu [Pg.110] sādhu āvuso, sādhu kho āvuso, yaṃ bhikkhu buddhasāsane saddhāpabbajito evaṃ svākhāte dhammavinaye sammāpaṭipanno āsavakkhayañāṇaṃ pāpuṇitvā dukkhassantaṃ karoti.

善哉，善哉，贤友！实在太好了，贤友！比丘在佛陀教法中以信出家，于这善说的法与律中如理修行，证得漏尽智，止息痛苦。

Pucchā – kathaṃ [Pg.111] panāvuso rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto imissā desanāya pariyosāne bhagavati ca desanāyañca pasanno pasannākāraṃ akāsi, kīdisañca ānisaṃsaṃ paṭilabhi.

问：那么，贤友！摩揭陀国王阿闍世、韦提希子，在这开示的结尾，对世尊和开示生起净信，表现出净信的样子，获得了什么样的利益呢？

Vissajjanā – evaṃ vutte bhante māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca, abhikkantaṃ bhante, abhikkantaṃ bhante, seyyathāpi bhante nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya…pe… ajjatagge pāṇṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gatanti, ayañhi bhante rājā pitumāritakālato paṭṭhāya neva rattiṃ na divā niddaṃ paṭilabhati, satthāraṃ pana upasaṅkamitvā imāya madhurāya ojavantiyā dhammadesanāya sutakālato paṭṭhāya niddaṃ paṭilabhati, tiṇṇaṃ ratanānaṃ mahāsakkāramakāsi, puthujjanikāya saddhāya samannāgato nāma iminā raññā sadiso nāhosi, anāgate pana vijitāvī nāma paccekabuddho hutvā parinibbāyissati. Evaṃ kho bhante rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto [Pg.112] desanāpariyosāne pasanno pasannākāramakāsi, idisañca bhante mahānisaṃsaṃ paṭilabhi.

答：世尊这样说后，摩揭陀国王阿闍世、韦提希子对世尊说：“太好了，世尊！太好了，世尊！就像有人把倒扣的翻过来，把遮盖的打开……从今天起，我终生归依。”尊者，这位国王自从弑父以来，无论是白天还是夜晚都无法入睡；但亲近导师，听闻这甜美有力的说法后，就能入睡了。他对三宝给予了极大的供养，具足凡夫的信心，没有哪个国王能像他一样。将来他将成为名为胜利者（Vijitāvī）的辟支佛，证入涅槃。尊者，摩揭陀国王阿闍世、韦提希子在开示结束时生起净信，表现出净信的样子，获得了如此巨大的利益。

Ambaṭṭhasutta

安巴塔经

Pucchā – tenāvuso [Pg.115] bhagavā jānatā arahatā passatā sammāsambuddhena ambaṭṭhaṃ ṭāma suttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

请问，贤友，那位知者、阿罗汉、见者、正自觉者世尊，是在哪里针对谁而说了《安巴塔经》？

Vissajjanā – kosalesu bhante janapade icchānaṅgale nāma kosalānaṃ brāhmaṇagāme ambaṭṭhaṃ nāma māṇavaṃ brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa antevāsiṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

回答——尊者，在憍萨罗国，名叫伊车能伽罗的憍萨罗婆罗门村，此经是针对婆罗门波卡拉萨提的弟子安巴塔童子所说的。

Soṇadaṇḍasutta

索纳丹达经

Pucchā – soṇadaṇḍaṃ [Pg.116] panāvuso suttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，世尊所说的《索纳丹达经》是在哪里，针对谁而说的？

Vissajjanā – aṅgesu bhante janapade campāyaṃ soṇadaṇḍaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

回答——尊者，此经是在鸯伽国瞻波城，针对索纳丹达婆罗门所说的。

Kūṭadantasutta

古达丹达经

Pucchā – kūṭadantaṃ [Pg.117] panāvuso suttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，世尊所说的《古达丹达经》是在哪里、针对谁而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – magadhesu bhante khāṇumate nāma brāhmaṇagāme kūṭadanta brāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

回答——尊者，此经是在摩揭陀国，于名为卡奴玛塔的婆罗门村，针对古达丹达婆罗门所说的。

Mahālisutta

摩诃离经

Pucchā – mahāliṃ [Pg.119] panāvuso suttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，世尊所说的《摩诃离经》是在哪里、针对谁而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – vesāliyaṃ bhante oṭṭhaddhaṃ nāma licchaviṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

回答——尊者，此经是在毗舍离城，针对名叫奥塔陀的离车族人所说的。

Jāliyasutta

迦利亚经

Pucchā – jāliyaṃ [Pg.121] panāvuso suttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，世尊所说的《迦利亚经》是在哪里、针对谁而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – kosambiyaṃ bhante dve pabbajite ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

回答——尊者，此经是在憍赏弥城，针对两位出家人所说的。

Mahāsīhanādasutta

大狮子吼经

Pucchā – mahāsīhanādaṃ [Pg.122] panāvuso suttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，世尊在哪里、针对谁而说了《大狮子吼经》？

Vissajjanā – uruññāyaṃ bhante kaṇṇakathale acelaṃ kassapaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答复——尊者，此经是在乌卢频螺的迦那迦塔拉，针对阿遮罗迦叶所说的。

Poṭṭhapādasutta

波吒婆经

Pucchā – poṭṭhapādaṃ [Pg.125] panāvuso suttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，世尊在何处，针对谁，说了《波吒婆经》呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante poṭṭhapādañca paribbājakaṃ cittañca hatthisāriputtaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答复——尊者，此经是在舍卫城，针对游方者波吒婆和象师子质多所说的。

Subhasutta

须婆经

Pucchā – subhasuttaṃ [Pg.127] panāvuso kattha kaṃ ārabbha kena bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，《须婆经》是在哪里、针对谁、由谁说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmatā ānandena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena subhaṃ māṇavaṃ todeyyaputtaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答复——尊者，此经是在舍卫城，由持法藏的具寿阿难，针对多迭亚之子须婆童子所说的。

Kevaṭṭasutta

坚固经

Pucchā – kevaṭṭaṃ [Pg.129] panāvuso suttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

问——贤友，世尊是在何处，针对何人，说了《坚固经》？

Vissajjanā – nāḷandā yaṃ bhante kevaṭṭaṃ gahapatiputtaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答——尊者，此经是在那烂陀，针对名为坚固的居士子而说。

Lohiccasutta

罗希迦经

Pucchā – lohiccasutta [Pg.130] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

问——贤友，世尊是在何处，针对何人，说了《罗希迦经》？

Vissajjanā – kosalesu bhante janapade sālavatikāyaṃ lohiccaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答——尊者，此经是在憍萨罗国萨拉瓦底，针对罗希迦婆罗门而说。

Tevijjasutta

三明经

Pucchā – tevijjasuttaṃ [Pg.132] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

问——贤友，世尊是在何处，针对何人，说了《三明经》？

Vissajjanā – kosalesu bhante manasākaṭe nāma kosalānaṃ brāhmaṇagāme vāseṭṭhaṃ bhāradvājaṃ māṇavaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答——尊者，此经是在憍萨罗国一个名叫马那沙卡(Manasākaṭa)的婆罗门村，针对婆舍多(Vāseṭṭha)与巴罗多迦两位青年而说。

Mahāpadānasutta

大本经

Pucchā – tena [Pg.135] āvuso bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena mahāpadānasuttaṃ dīghanikāye mahāvagge porāṇakehi saṅgitikārehi paṭhamaṃ saṅgitaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问——贤友，那位知者、见者、阿罗汉、正等觉者世尊，在《长部》的《大品》中，由古代结集者们初次结集的《大本经》，是世尊在何处、针对谁、因何事而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, sambahulānaṃ bhante bhikkhūnaṃ pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkantānaṃ maṇḍalamāḷe sannisinnānaṃ sannipatitānaṃ pubbenivāsapaṭisaṃyuttā dhammīkathā udapādi, itipi pubbenivāso itipi pubbenivāsoti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答——尊者，此经是在舍卫城，针对众多比丘而说。尊者，众多比丘于食后，从托钵归来，聚集于圆厅一同坐下时，生起了与宿住相应的法谈：“宿住是这样，宿住是这样。”尊者，此经是针对这件事而说的。

Mahānidānasutta

大因缘经

Pucchā – mahānidānasuttaṃ [Pg.137] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问——贤友，世尊是在何处、针对谁、因何事而说了《大因缘经》？

Vissajjanā – kurūsu bhante kammāsadhamme nāma kurūnaṃ nigame āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, āyasmā bhante ānando bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca ‘‘acchariyaṃ bhante, abbhutaṃ bhante, yāva gambhīrocāyaṃ bhante paṭiccasamuppādo

答——尊者，此经是在俱卢国一个名叫剑磨瑟昙(Kammāsadhamma)的市镇，针对具寿阿难而说。尊者，具寿阿难前去拜见世尊后，对世尊说：“世尊，真是稀有！世尊，真是未曾有！这缘起是如此深奥！”

Gambhīrāvabhāso [Pg.138] ca, atha ca pana me uttānakuttānako viya khāyatī’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

且显现为甚深，然而对我来说却显得很浅显。”尊者，此经是针对这件事而说的。

Mahāparinibbānasutta

大般涅槃经

Pucchā – mahāparinibbānasuttaṃ [Pg.139] panāvuso bahuanusandhikaṃ, bahudesanā saṅgahaṃ, buddhassa bhagavato parinibbānāsannavasse pavattaaṭṭhuppattidīpakavacanapabandhabhūtaṃ, tasmā taṃ antarābhedavasena vibhajja paricchijja paricchijja pucchissāmi, tatthāvuso bhagavatā paṭhamaṃ

问——贤友，《大般涅槃经》具有诸多关联，包含众多教说，是世尊临近般涅槃时所宣说的，阐明事缘，如灯般照亮其开端的一系列教说。因此，我将把经文依照段落分开，一段一段地提问。于此，贤友，世尊最初

Rājūnaṃ [Pg.140] aparihāniyadhammadesanā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitā.

诸王不退转之法，是在哪里，为了谁，针对何事宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante vassakāraṃ brāhmaṇaṃ magadhamahāmattaṃ ārabbha bhāsitā, vassakāro bhante brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca ‘‘rājā bho gotama māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto vajjī abhiyātukāmo so evamāha ahaṃ hime vajjī evaṃ mahiddhike evaṃ mahānubhāve ucchecchāmi vajjī vināsessāmi vajjī anayabyasanaṃ āpādessāmī vajjī’’ti tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitā.

答——尊者，这是在王舍城，针对摩揭陀大臣婆罗门雨舍（Vassakāra）所宣说。尊者，摩揭陀大臣婆罗门雨舍去到世尊那里，这样说：“乔达摩，摩揭陀国王韦提希子阿阇世想要攻打跋耆人，他这样说：‘我要彻底铲除这些如此强大、如此有威德的跋耆人，我要毁灭跋耆人，我要让跋耆人遭受不幸与灾难。’”尊者，就是针对此事宣说的。

Pucchā – bhikkhūnaṃ [Pg.142] panāvuso aparihāniyadhammadesanā bhagavatā kattha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitā.

问——贤友，世尊所宣说令比丘不退转之法，是在哪里、针对何事宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – tasmiṃyeva bhante rājagahe tasmiṃyeva vatthusmiṃ bhāsitā.

答——尊者，就在那王舍城，就是针对那件事宣说的。

Jarāsutta

老经

Pucchā – dhammādāso [Pg.144] āvuso dhammapariyāyo bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsito.

问——贤友，世尊所宣说的法镜法门，是在哪里、为了谁、基于何事而宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – nātike bhante giñjakāvasathe āyasmantaṃ ānanda ārabbha bhāsito, āyasmā bhante ānando bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā nātikiyānaṃ dvādasannaṃ puggalānaṃ gatiabhisamparāyaṃ pucchi, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsito.

答——尊者，于那提迦（Nātika）的砖屋中，是针对具寿阿难所宣说。尊者，具寿阿难去到世尊那里，询问了十二位那提迦人的去处与来世。尊者，就是针对此事宣说的。

Attadīpa dhammadesanā

自洲岛法教

Pucchā – attadīpadhammadesanā [Pg.147] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitā.

问——贤友，世尊所宣说的自洲岛法教，是在哪里、为了谁、基于何事而宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – vesāliyaṃ bhante veḷuvagāmake āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ ārabbha bhāsitā, āyasmā bhante ānando bhagavato gilānavuṭṭhitassa aciravuṭṭhitassa gelaññā bhagavato gelaññena attano khedapattakāraṇaṃ ārocesi, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitā.

答——尊者，这是在毗舍离的竹林村，针对具寿阿难所宣说。尊者，具寿阿难向刚从病中痊愈的世尊禀告：由于世尊生病，自己感到苦恼的原因。尊者，就是针对此事宣说的。

‘‘Tasmātihānanda [Pg.152] attadīpā viharatha attasaraṇā anaññasaraṇā’’.

“因此，阿难，你们当以自己为洲岛而住，以自己为归依，不以其他为归依。”

Pucchā – bhagavatā āvuso purima dutiyadivase pucchitavissajjitakkamena attadīpadhammadesanañca aññāni ca dhammadesanāni kathetvā pariniṭṭhita sabbabuddhakiccena āyusaṅkhāro kattha ossaṭṭho.

问——贤友，世尊在前些时日以问答方式宣讲了自洲岛法教和其他法教后，完成了所有佛陀应做之事，他在哪里舍弃了寿命行？

Vissajjanā – vesāliyaṃ bhante cāpāle cetiye mārena pāpimatā yācito bhagavā satena sampajānena āyusaṅkhāro ossaṭṭho.

答——尊者，在毗舍离的遮波罗（Cāpāla）塔庙，恶魔波旬曾向世尊请求，世尊具念正知地舍弃了寿命行。

‘‘Parinibbātu [Pg.157] dāni bhante bhagavā, parinibbātu sugato, parinibbāna kālo dāni bhante bhagavato.

“尊者，现在世尊请般涅槃吧！善逝，请般涅槃吧！尊者，现在是世尊般涅槃的时候了。”

Apposukko tvaṃ pāpima hoti, na ciraṃ tathāgatassa parinibbānaṃ bhavissati, ito tiṇṇaṃ māsānaṃ accayena tathāgato parinibbāyissati.

“恶魔，你且宽心。如来不久将般涅槃，从今三个月后如来将般涅槃。”

Catumahāpadesa

四大教法

Pucchā – catumahāpadesadhammadesanā [Pg.158] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha bhāsitā.

问：贤友，世尊于何处宣说了四大教法？

Vissajjanā – bhoganagare bhante ānande cetiye bhāsitā.

答：尊者，于薄伽城(Bhoganagara)阿难支提处宣说。

Paripakko [Pg.161] vayo mayhaṃ, parittaṃ mama jīvitaṃ. Pahāya vo gamissāmi, kataṃ me saraṇamattano.

我寿已熟，我命已短。我将弃汝等而去，我已自作皈依。

Saṃvega

感动

Pucchā – catusaṃvejanīyakathā [Pg.163] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitā.

问：贤友，世尊于何处、针对谁、因何事宣说了四种应生感动处之开示(catusaṃvejanīyakathā)？

Vissajjanā – kusinārāyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ ārabbha bhāsitā, āyasmā bhante ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘pubbe bhante disāsu vassaṃvuṭṭhā bhikkhū āgacchanti tathāgataṃ dassanāya, te mayaṃ labhāma manobhāvanīye bhikkhū dassanāya, labhāma payirupāsanāya. Bhagavato pana mayaṃ bhante accayena na labhissāma manobhāvanīye bhikkhū dassanāya, na labhissāma payirupāsanāyā’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitā.

答：尊者，此于古西那罗(Kusinārā)，针对具寿阿难所宣说。尊者，具寿阿难对世尊如是说：“世尊，往昔于各方已毕雨安居的比丘前来拜见如来，我等得见、得亲近承事心仪的比丘。然世尊般涅槃后，我等将不得见、不得亲近承事心仪的比丘。”尊者，即因于此事而说。

Yehi [Pg.165] keci ānanda cetiyacārikaṃ āhiṇḍantā pasannacittā kālaṃ karissanti, sabbete kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjissanti hu –

阿难，任何人于巡礼塔庙时，若心怀净信而命终，彼等众人于身坏命终后，皆将往生善趣、天界。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.166] bhagavā bhikkhūnaṃ mātugāmesu paṭipajjitabbavattaṃ kathesi.

问：贤友，世尊是如何为比丘们宣说对待女人的应行之道？

Vissajjanā – adassanaṃ ānandāti ca anālāpo ānandāti ca sati ānanda upaṭṭhabbetabbāti ca evaṃ kho bhante bhagavā mātugāmesu paṭipajjitabbākāraṃ kathesi.

答：“阿难，不见。”“阿难，不交谈。”“阿难，当建立念。”尊者，世尊即如是宣说于女人处应行之法。

Mahāsudassanasutta

大善见经

Pucchā – mahāsudassanasuttaṃ [Pg.167] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊于何处、针对谁、因何事宣说了《大善见经》？

Vissajjanā – tissaṃyeva bhante kusinārāyaṃ āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, āyasmā bhante ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘mā bhante bhagavā imasmiṃ khuddakanagarake

答：尊者，即于此古西那罗，针对具寿阿难所说。具寿阿难对世尊如是说：“世尊，请勿于此小城、

Ujjaṅgalanagarake [Pg.168] sākhānagarake parinibbāyi. Santi bhante aññāni mahānagarāni. Seyyathidaṃ, campā, rājagahaṃ, sāvatthī, sāketaṃ, kosambī, bārāṇasī, ettha bhagavā parinibbāyatu, ettha bahū khattiyamahāsālā brāhmaṇa mahāsālā gahapati mahāsālā tathāgate abhippasannā. Te tathāgatassa sarīrapūjaṃ karissantī’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

…于此荒野小城、偏僻支城般涅槃。世尊，尚有其他大城，即：瞻波城(Campā)、王舍城(Rājagaha)、舍卫城(Sāvatthī)、娑枳多(Sāketa)、憍赏弥(Kosambī)、波罗奈(Bārāṇasī)。请世尊于此等处般涅槃。此处有众多对如来具净信的刹帝利大族、婆罗门大族、居士大族，他们将供养如来的舍利。”尊者，即因于此事而说。

Pucchā – bhagavā [Pg.169] āvuso purimadivase pucchita vissajjitakkamena mahāsudassana suttantaṃ desetvā subhaddaṃnāma paribbājakaṃ buddhaveneyyesu pacchimasāvakabhūtaṃ kathaṃ vinesi.

问：贤友，世尊于前日以问答之法开示《大善见经》后，是如何调伏名为须跋陀(Subhadda)的游方者，使其成为佛所教化的最后一位弟子？

Vissajjanā – yasmiṃ kho subhadda dhammavinaye ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo na upalabbhati, samaṇopi tattha na upalabbhati, dutiyopi tattha samaṇo na upalabbhati, tatiyopi tattha samaṇo na upalabbhati, catutthopi tattha samaṇo na upalabbhati (peyyāla). Ime ca subhadda bhikkhū sammā vihareyyuṃ, asuñño loko arahantehi assa, evaṃ kho bhante bhagavā subhaddaṃ paribbājakaṃ buddhaveneyyesu pacchimaṃ sakkhisāvakaṃ vinesi.

答：“须跋陀，于任何法与律中，若无八圣道，则于其中既无初果沙门，亦无第二果沙门、第三果沙门、第四果沙门。（中略）须跋陀，若此等比丘能如法而住，世间便不空于阿罗汉。”尊者，世尊即如是调伏游方者须跋陀，使其成为佛所教化的最后一位亲证弟子。

Parinibbānasutta

大般涅槃经

Pucchā – pacchime [Pg.174] panāvuso kāle bhagavā āyasmato ānandassa kīdisaṃ vacanaṃ kathetvā, kathañca bhikkhū pavāretvā, kīdisañca bhikkhūnaṃ vacanaṃ āmantetvā, kathañca anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyi.

问——贤友，世尊在最后时刻对具寿阿难说了什么话？如何邀请诸比丘自恣？对诸比丘说了什么话？又如何以无余依涅槃界而般涅槃？

Vissajjanā – bhagavā bhante pacchime kāle āyasmato ānandassa siyā kho panānanda tumhākaṃ evamassa atītasatthukaṃ pāvacanaṃ natthi no satthāti evamādikaṃ vacanaṃ kathetvā, siyā kho pana bhikkhave ekabhikkhussāpi kaṅkhā vā vimati vā buddhe vā dhamme vā saṅghe vā magge vā paṭipadāya vāti evamādinā bhikkhū pavāretvā, handadāni bhikkhave āmantayāmi vo, vayadhammā saṅkhārā appamādena sampādethāti pacchimañca ovādavacanaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ āmantetvā, nava anupubbasamāpattiyo anulomaṃ paṭilomaṃ samāpajjitvā, catutthajjhānā vuṭṭhahitvā samanantarā anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyi.

答——尊者，世尊在最后时刻对具寿阿难说了“阿难，你们或许会这样想：‘导师的教言已成过去，我们没有导师了’”等语；以“诸比丘，若有比丘对佛、法、僧、道或行道有疑惑……”等语邀请诸比丘；又对诸比丘说了最后的教诫之言：“诸比丘，我叮嘱你们：诸行是坏灭法，当以不放逸来完成！”；之后，顺逆地入于九次第等至，从第四禅出定后，随即以无余依涅槃界而般涅槃。

Nāvuso [Pg.178] ānanda bhagavā parinibbuto, saññāvedayita nirodhaṃ samāpanno.

贤友阿难，世尊没有般涅槃，（只是）入于想受灭定。

Janavasabhasutta

阇那婆娑经

Pucchā – mahāsudassanasuttaṃ [Pg.179] panāvuso purimadivase pucchitañca vissajjitañca, janavasabhasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问——贤友，前日已问答了《大善见经》，那么《阇那婆娑经》是世尊在何处、针对谁、于何事而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – nātike bhante giñjakāvasathe āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, āyasmā bhante ānando māgadhake paricārake ārabbha bhagavato sammukhā parikathaṃ kathesi, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答——尊者，是在那提迦(Nātika)的砖屋中，针对具寿阿难而说。尊者，具寿阿难曾在世尊面前，谈论有关摩揭陀(Māgadha)诸在家众的事。尊者，就是于此事而说。

Mahāgovindasutta

大果文达经

Pucchā – mahāgovindasuttaṃ [Pg.182] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha bhāsitaṃ.

问——贤友，世尊在何处说了《大果文达经》？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante bhāsitaṃ.

答——尊者，是在王舍城所说。

Mahāsamayasutta

大集会经

Pucchā – mahāsamayasuttaṃ [Pg.183] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha bhāsitaṃ.

问——贤友，世尊在何处宣说了《大集会经》？

Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante kapilavatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答——尊者，是在释迦族(Sakkesu)的迦毗罗卫(Kapilavatthu)所说。

Sakkapañhasutta

帝释问经

Pucchā – sakkapañhasuttaṃ [Pg.184] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊是在哪里、关于谁、依据什么事说了《帝释问经》？

Vissajjanā – magadhesu bhante pācīnato rājagahassa ambasaṇḍā nāma brāhmaṇagāmo, tassuttarato vediyake pabbate indasālaguhāyaṃ sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, sakko bhante devānamindo bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchi, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在摩揭陀，王舍城以东，有名为安婆沙陀(Ambasaṇḍā)的婆罗门村，其村北方，在韦提耶迦(Vediyaka)山，因达娑罗窟中，是关于天帝释而说的。尊者，天帝释前去拜访世尊并提问，就是依据那件事而说的。

Mahāsatipaṭṭhānasutta

大念处经

Pucchā – mahāsatipaṭṭhānasuttaṃ [Pg.186] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊是在哪里说《大念处经》的？

Vissajjanā – kurūsu bhante kammāsadhamme nāma kurūnaṃ nigame bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是在俱卢(Kurū)国，一个名叫剑磨瑟昙(Kammāsadhamma)的俱卢人市镇所说。

Pāyāsisutta

波耶西经

Pucchā – pāyāsi [Pg.188] suttaṃ panāvuso kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，《波耶西经》是在哪里、关于谁、依据什么事、由谁所说？

Vissajjanā – kosalesu bhante setabyānāma kosalānaṃ nagaraṃ uttarena setabyaṃ siṃsapāvane āyasmatā kumārakassapena pāyāsiṃ rājaññaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, pāyāsissa bhante rājaññassa evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ hoti, itipi natthi paroloko natthi sattā opapātikā natthi sukatadukkaṭānaṃ kammānaṃ phalaṃ vipākoti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在憍萨罗，憍萨罗人的一座名为塞达卞的城，其城北方，在申恕林(Siṃsapāvane)中，由具寿童子迦叶(Kumārakassapa)关于波耶西(Pāyāsi)王族而说。尊者，波耶西王族生起了这样的恶见：“无有他世，无有化生有情，无有善作、恶作业的果与报。”尊者，就是依据那件事而说的。

Pucchā – tatthāvuso [Pg.189] pāyāsissa rājaññassa diṭṭhipakāsanāca āyasmato kumārakassapattherassa diṭṭhiviniveṭṭhanakathā ca anekavāraṃ āgatā, tatthāvuso paṭhamaṃ pāyāsi rājañño attano diṭṭhiṃ kathaṃ pakāsesi, kathañcāyasmā kumārakassapo taṃ micchādiṭṭhiṃ viniveṭhesi.

问：贤友，于此，关于波耶西王族的见解阐明，以及具寿童子迦叶长老破除其见的论述，已多次出现。贤友，最初波耶西王族是如何阐明自己的见解？具寿童子迦叶又是如何破除其邪见的？

Vissajjanā – pāyāsi bhante rājañño āyasmantaṃ kumārakassapaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca ‘‘ahañhi bho kassapa evaṃ vādī evaṃ diṭṭhī itipi natthi paroloko, natthi sattā opapātikā, natthi sukatadukkaṭānaṃ kammānaṃ phalaṃ vipāko’’ki, evaṃ kho bhante pāyāsirājañño attano micchādiṭṭhiṃ āyasmato kumārakassapassa santike pakāsesi. Āyasmā ca kumārakassapo sakkhikāraṇaṃ candimasūriyaupamaṃ dassetvā pāyāsissa rājaññassa taṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ viniveṭhesi.

答：尊者，波耶西王族前去拜访具寿童子迦叶，这么说：“迦叶尊者，我持此说、此见：无有他世，无有化生有情，无有善作、恶作业的果与报。”尊者，波耶西王族就这样在具寿童子迦叶面前阐明了自己的邪见。而具寿童子迦叶以日月为譬喻作为亲证，为波耶西王族破除了那邪恶的见解。

Sādhu [Pg.191] sādhu āvuso, sādhu kho āvuso āyasmā kumārakassapo pāyāsissa rājaññassa micchādiṭṭhikassa saddhammavimukhibhūtassa paccakkhato paralokaṃ dassetvā taṃ micchādiṭṭhiṃ viniveṭhesi.

善哉，善哉，贤友！善哉！贤友，具寿童子迦叶确实为执持邪见、背离正法的波耶西王族，当面开示他世，破除了他的邪见。

Pucchā – atha panāvuso pāyāsirājañño dutiyampi kīdisaṃ sādhakapariyāyaṃ dassetvā attano vādaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi, kathañcāyasmā kumārakassapo taṃ micchāvādaṃ sahadhammena suniggahaṃ niggahetvā dhammavādaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi.

问：贤友，其后，波耶西王族第二次又展示了怎样的论证方式来确立自己的学说？而具寿童子迦叶又是如何以正法善巧地折服那邪说，并确立正法之论的？

Vissajjanā – dutiye pana bhante pāyāsirājañño attano mittāmacce ñātisālohite duccaritasamaṅgino kālaṃkate sādhakapariyāyaṃ dassetvā attano micchāvādaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi[Pg.192], āyasmā ca kumārakassapo coraupamāya taṃ micchāvādaṃ sahadhammena suniggahaṃ niggahetvā dhammavādaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi.

答：尊者，第二次，波耶西王族展示了那些行为恶劣而已亡故的朋友、大臣、亲戚与血亲，以此作为论证来确立自己的邪说；而具寿童子迦叶则用盗贼譬喻，以正法善巧地折服其邪说，确立了正法之论。

Sādhu [Pg.195] sādhu āvuso, sādhu kho āvuso yaṃ āyasmā kumārakassapo uppannaṃ parappavādaṃ sahadhammena suniggahaṃ niggahetvā dhammavādaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi.

善哉，善哉，贤友！善哉！贤友，具寿童子迦叶以正法善巧地折服已生起的他人异论，并确立正法之论。

Pucchā – atha panāvuso pāyāsirājañño tatiyampi kīdisaṃ sādhaka pariyāyaṃ dassetvā attanovādaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi, kathañcāyasmā kumārakassapo taṃ micchāvādaṃ sahadhammena suniggaha niggahetvā dhammavādaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi.

问：贤友，其后，波耶西王族第三次又展示了怎样的论证方式来确立自己的学说？具寿童子迦叶又是如何以正法善巧地折服其邪说，并确立正法之论的？

Vissajjanā – tatiyampana [Pg.196] bhante pāyāsirājañño attano mittāmacce ñātisālohite sucaritasamaṅgino kālaṃkate dassetvā attano micchāvādaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi, āyasmā ca kumārakassapo gūthakūpe patapurisopamāya taṃ micchāvādaṃ sahadhammena suniggahitaṃ niggahetvā dhammavādaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi.

答：尊者，第三次，波耶西王族展示了那些奉行善行而已亡故的朋友、大臣、亲戚与血亲，以此来确立自己的邪说。而具寿童子迦叶则用堕入粪坑者之譬喻，以正法善巧地折服其邪说，确立了正法之论。

Sādhu [Pg.199] sādhu āvuso, sādhu kho āvuso yaṃ āyasmā kumārakassapo uppannaṃ parappavādaṃ sahadhammena suniggahaṃ niggahetvā dhammavādaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi.

善哉，善哉，贤友！善哉！贤友，具寿童子迦叶以正法善巧地折服已生起的他人异论，并确立正法之论。

Pucchā – āyasmatā āvuso kumārakassapena purimadivase pucchitavissajjitakkamena gūthakūpapurisaupamāya micchāvādaṃ paṭikkhipitvā dhammavāde patiṭṭhāpiyamāne piyāsirājañño

问：贤友，前日具寿童子迦叶以问答的次第，用堕入粪坑者之譬喻驳斥邪说、确立正法之论时，波耶西王族

Catutthaṃ [Pg.200] vā pañcamaṃ vā kīdisaṃ sādhakapariyāyaṃ dassetvā attanovādaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi, kathañcāyasmā kumārakassapo sahadhammena taṃ micchāvādaṃ paṭikkhipitvā dhammavādaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi.

第四次或第五次，又展示了怎样的论证方式来确立自己的学说？具寿童子迦叶又是如何以正法驳斥那邪说，并确立正法之论的？

Vissajjanā – pāyāsi bhante rājañño āyasmatā kumārakassapena gūthakūpe nimuggapuriso pamāya micchāvādaṃ suniggahitaṃ niggahetvā dhammavāde patiṭṭhāpite catutthaṃ vā pañcamaṃ vā attano mittāmacce ñātisālohite samādinna pañcasīle sādhakapariyāyaṃ dassetvā attano micchāvādaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi. Āyasmā ca kumārakassapo tāvatiṃsadevopamāya ca jaccandhopamāya cāti dvīhi upamāhi taṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ sahadhammena suniggahitaṃ niggahetvā, dhammavādaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi.

答：尊者，当具寿童子迦叶用沉于粪坑者之譬喻善巧地折服其邪说、确立正法之论后，波耶西王族在第四次或第五次，又展示了自己那些受持五戒的朋友、大臣、亲戚与血亲，以此作为论证来确立自己的邪说。而具寿童子迦叶则用三十三天譬喻和生盲譬喻此二譬喻，以正法善巧地折服其邪恶的见解，并确立了正法之论。

Sādhu [Pg.204] sādhu āvuso, sādhu kho āvuso yaṃ kumārakassapo pāyāsissa rājaññassa dve upamāyo dassetvā uppannaṃ pāpakaṃ micchāvādaṃ sahadhammena saniggahaṃ niggahetvā dhammavādaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi.

善哉，善哉，贤友！善哉，贤友！童子迦叶为波耶西王族展示两种譬喻后，以正法善巧地驳斥其产生的邪说，并确立正法。

Pucchā – atha panāvuso pāyāsirājañño chaṭṭhaṃpi kīdisaṃ sādhakapariyāyaṃ dassetvā attano vādaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi, kathañcāyasmā kumārakassapo sahadhammena taṃ micchāvādaṃ suniggahaṃ niggahetvā dhammavādaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi.

问：那么，贤友，波耶西王族第六次展示了怎样的论证方式来确立自己的主张？具寿童子迦叶又是如何以正法善巧地驳斥那邪说，并确立正法呢？

Vissajjanā – chaṭṭhaṃ pana bhante pāyāsirājañño sīlavante samaṇabrāhmaṇe kalyāṇadhamme jīvitukāme amaritukāme

答：第六，尊者，波耶西王族展示那些持戒的沙门婆罗门，他们乐于善法，想要活下去，不想死，

Sukhakāme [Pg.205] dukkhapaṭikūle sādhakapariyāyaṃ dassetvā attano vādaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi, āyasmāca kumārakassapo gabbhinī upamāya taṃ micchāvādaṃ sahadhammena suniggahitaṃ niggahetvā dhammavādaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi.

乐于快乐而厌恶痛苦的人，以此作为论证来确立自己的主张。具寿童子迦叶以孕妇譬喻，以正法善巧地驳斥了那邪说，并确立了正法。

Sādhu [Pg.208] sādhu āvuso, sādhu kho āvuso yaṃ āyasmā kumārakassapo gabbhinīupamaṃ dassetvā taṃ micchāvādaṃ paṭikkhipitvā dhammavādaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi.

善哉，善哉，贤友！善哉，贤友！具寿童子迦叶以孕妇譬喻，驳斥了那邪说，并确立了正法。

Pucchā – atha panāvuso pāyāsirājañño sattamaṃpi kīdisaṃ sādhakapariyāyaṃ dassetvā attano vādaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi, kathañcāyasmā kumārakassapo taṃ micchāvādaṃ sahadhammena suniggahaṃ niggahetvā dhammavādaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi.

问：那么，贤友，波耶西王族第七次又展示了怎样的论证方式，来确立自己的主张？而具寿童子迦叶又是如何以正法善巧地驳斥那邪说，并确立正法呢？

Vissajjanā – sattamaṃ pana bhante pāyāsirājañño kubbhiyaṃ pakkhipitvā māritapurisaṃ sādhakapariyāyaṃ dassetvā attano vādaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi, āyasmāca kumārakassapo supinakūpamāya taṃ micchāvādaṃ sahadhammena suniggahitaṃ niggahetvā dhammavādaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi.

答：尊者，第七次，波耶西王族展示将人埋入坑中致死，以此作为论证来确立自己的主张。而具寿童子迦叶则用梦井譬喻，以正法善巧地驳斥了他的邪说，并确立了正法。

Sādhu [Pg.210] sādhu āvuso, sādhu kho āvuso yaṃ āyasmā kumārakassapo supinakūpamaṃ dassetvā uppannaṃ micchāvādaṃ sahadhammena suniggahaṃ niggahetvā dhammavādaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi.

善哉，善哉，贤友！善哉，贤友！具寿童子迦叶以梦井譬喻，以正法善巧地驳斥产生的邪说，并确立了正法。

Pucchā – atha [Pg.211] panāvuso pāyāsirājañño aṭṭhamampi navamampi kathetabbaṃ kathetvā dasamaṃ kīdisaṃ sādhakapariyāyaṃ dassetvā attano vādaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi, kathañcāyasmā kumārakassapo sahadhammena taṃ micchāvādaṃ paṭinissajjāpesi.

问：那么，贤友，波耶西王族说了第八次、第九次该说的话后，第十次展示了怎样的论证方式来确立自己的主张？具寿童子迦叶又是如何以正法使他舍弃那邪说呢？

Vissajjanā – aṭṭhamampi bhante navamampi pāyāsirājañño yaṃ vā taṃ vā pariyāyaṃ dassetvā attano vādaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi, dasamaṃ pana bhante pāyāsirājañño chaviādīni chinditvā māritapurisaṃ sādhakapariyāyaṃ dassetvā attano vādaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi, āyasmā ca kumārakassapo aggikajaṭilopamāya taṃ micchāvādaṃ sahadhammena suniggahitaṃ niggahetvā dhammavādaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi.

答：尊者，波耶西王族第八次乃至第九次，都展示了这样或那样的论证方式来确立自己的主张。尊者，波耶西王族第十次展示剥皮杀人，以此作为论证来确立自己的主张。而具寿童子迦叶则用拜火苦行者譬喻，以正法善巧地驳斥了他的邪说，并确立了正法。

Paṭinissajjetaṃ [Pg.213] rājañña pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ. Paṭinissajjetaṃ rājañña pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ.

王族啊，应当舍弃这邪见。王族啊，应当舍弃这邪见。

Sādhu [Pg.214] sādhu āvuso, sādhu kho āvuso yaṃ āyasmā kumārakassapo opāyikaṃ upamaṃ dassetvā taṃ pāpikaṃ micchādiṭṭhiṃ paṭinissajjāpesi, yaṃ tassa bhaveyya dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya.

善哉善哉，贤友！善哉，贤友！具寿童子迦叶以善巧的譬喻使他舍弃那邪见，这将会长久地为他带来利益与安乐。

Pucchā – āyasmatā āvuso kumārakassapena purimadivase pucchitavissajjitākārena pāyāsissa rājaññassa aggikajaṭilopamaṃ dassetvā tasmiṃ pāpake diṭṭhigate paṭinissajjāpite so tāva therassa vacanaṃ anādiyitvā kīdisañca paccanīkakathaṃ kathesi, kathañca thero karuṇāsītalahadayo hutvā aparampi upamaṃ dassetvā taṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ paṭinissajjāpesi.

问：贤友，前日具寿童子迦叶以问答的方式，向波耶西王族展示了拜火苦行者譬喻，使他舍弃了那邪见。当时，他却不听从长老的话，说了怎样的反驳之语？长老又是如何怀着慈悲清凉之心，再次展示譬喻，使他舍弃了那邪见？

Vissajjanā – pāyāsi bhante rājañño āyasmatā kumārakassapena aggikajaṭilopamaṃ dassetvā taṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ paṭinissajjāpite kiñcāpi bhavaṃ kassapo evamāha, atha kho nevāhaṃ sakkomi idaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ paṭinissajjitunti evamādikaṃ paccanīkakathaṃ kathesi, thero ca bhante kumārakassapo dve satthavāhopamaṃ dassetvā taṃ pāpakaṃ micchāvādaṃ paṭinissajjāpesi.

答：尊者，具寿童子迦叶向波耶西王族展示了拜火苦行者譬喻，使他舍弃了那邪见。尽管具寿迦叶这样说了，他却说：“我无法舍弃这邪见”，并说了诸如此类的反驳之语。尊者，长老童子迦叶又以两位商队首领的譬喻，使他舍弃了那邪说。

Sādhu [Pg.218] sādhu āvuso, sādhu kho āvuso yaṃ āyasmā kumārakassapo pāyāsissa rājaññassa dve satthavāhopamampi dassetvā taṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ paṭinissajjāpesi, tañhi tassa ca tadanuyāyīnañca bhaveyya dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya.

善哉善哉，贤友！善哉，贤友！具寿童子迦叶以两位商队首领的譬喻向波耶西王族开示，使他舍弃了那邪见，这确实能为他和他的追随者带来长久的利益与安乐。

Pucchā – evaṃ [Pg.219] panāvuso āyasmatā kumārakassapena yathā vuttāhi bahūhi upamāhi ca aparāhi gūthabhārikaakkhadhuttakopamāhi ca tasmiṃ pāpake diṭṭhigate vissajjāpite so tāva therassa vacanaṃ anādiyitvāva pacchimapaṭikkhepavasena kīdisaṃ paccanīkakathaṃ kathesi, kathañca thero karuṇāsītalahadayo hutvā pacchimampi upamaṃ dassetvā taṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ paṭinissajjāpesi.

问：贤友，具寿童子迦叶以如前所说的诸多譬喻，以及粪便担夫譬喻、赌徒譬喻等，使他舍弃那邪见。但他却不听从长老的话，以最后的拒绝方式说了怎样的反驳之语？长老又是如何怀着慈悲清凉之心，以最后的譬喻开示，从而使他舍弃了那邪见呢？

Vissajjanā – pāyāsi bhante rājañño evaṃ therena nānāupamāhi tasmiṃ pāpake diṭṭhigate paṭinissajjāpitepi purimanayeneva therassa paccanīkakathaṃ kathesi, theropi ca bhante pacchimaṃ sāṇabhārikūpamaṃ dassetvā karuṇāsītalahadayo taṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ paṭinissajjāpesi.

答：尊者，即使长老以种种譬喻使波耶西王族舍弃那邪见，他还是像先前一样与长老进行反驳。尊者，长老也以最后的麻袋负重譬喻开示，怀着慈悲清凉之心，使他舍弃了那邪见。

Sādhu [Pg.224] sādhu āvuso, sādhu kho āvuso yaṃ āyasmā kumārakassapo pāyāsissa rājaññassa sāṇabhārikopamampi dassetvā taṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ paṭinissajjāpesi, tañhi tassa ca tadanuyāyīnañca bhaveyya dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya.

善哉善哉，贤友！善哉，贤友！具寿童子迦叶向帕亚西(Pāyāsi)王族开示了麻袋负重譬喻，使他舍弃了那邪见，那确实能为他和他的追随者带来长久的利益与安乐。

Pucchā – imāya [Pg.225] panāvuso pacchimikāya sāṇabhārikopamāya dassitāya pāyāsirājañño therassa dhammadesanānubhāvena imasmiṃ dhammavinaye pasanno hutvā kīdisaṃ pasannākāramakāsi, kathañca āyasmantaṃ kumārakassapaṃ anusāsaniṃ yāci, kathañcāyasmā kumārakassapo anusāsi.

问：贤友，以这最后的麻袋负重譬喻开示后，帕亚西王族由于长老说法的威德力，对这法与律生起了净信，那么他表现出怎样的净信之相？又是如何请求具寿童子迦叶教诫的？具寿童子迦叶又是如何教诫的呢？

Vissajjanā – imāya ca pana bhante upamāya dassitāya pāyāsi rājañño ‘‘purimeneva ahaṃ opammena bhoto kassapassa attamano abhiraddho evamādinā bhante pāyāsirājañño imasmiṃ dhammavinaye āyasmato kumārakassapassa dhammadesanāya pasanno pasannākāramakāsi. Icchāmi cāhaṃ bho kassapa mahāyaññaṃ yajituṃ, anusāsatu maṃ bhavaṃ kassapo yaṃ mamassa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyāti pāyāsi rājañño āyasmantaṃ kumārakassapaṃ anusāsaniṃ yāci, āyasmā ca bhante kumārakassapo dukkhette dubbhūme pavuttabījopamāya dussīlesu dinnadānassa na mahapphalabhāvaṃ dassetvā sukhette subhūme pavuttabījopamāya sīlavantesu dinnadānassa mahapphalabhāvaṃ dassetvā pāyāsiṃ rājaññamanusāsi.

答：尊者，以此譬喻开示后，帕亚西王族于此法与律中，对具寿童子迦叶的说法生起净信，并表现出净信之相，他说道：“我先前就因尊者迦叶的譬喻而心生欢喜、极为满足。尊者迦叶，我想举行大祭祀，请尊者迦叶教导我，使我能长久获得利益和安乐。”帕亚西王族如此向具寿童子迦叶请求教诫。尊者，具寿童子迦叶以在贫瘠土地播种之譬喻，开示对破戒者布施无大果报；又以在肥沃土地播种之譬喻，开示对持戒者布施有大果报，如此教导了帕亚西王族。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.228] pāyāsirājañño dānaṃ adāsi, kathañcassa samparāyo ahosi.

问：贤友，帕亚西王族是怎样布施的？他的来世如何？

Vissajjanā – pāyāsi bhante rājañño asakkaccaṃ dānamadāsi, asahatthā dānamadāsi, acittīkataṃ dānamadāsi, apaviddhaṃ dānamadāsi, so asakkaccaṃ dānaṃ datvā asahatthā dānaṃ datvā acittīkataṃ dānaṃ datvā apaviddhaṃ dānaṃ datvā kāyassabhedā paraṃ maraṇā cātumahārājikānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajji suññaṃ serīsakaṃ vimānaṃ.

答：尊者，帕亚西王族不恭敬地布施，不亲手布施，不用心布施，如丢弃般布施。他这样不恭敬、不亲手、不用心、如丢弃般布施后，身坏命终，往生至四大王天，与诸天为伴，住在一座空虚的舍利沙伽(Serīsaka)天宫。

Pucchā – tenāvuso [Pg.231] bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena pāthiyavagge paṭhamaṃ pāthiyasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，那位知者、见者、阿罗汉、正等觉者世尊，于《波提品》(Pāthiyavagga)中，第一《波提经》(Pāthiyasutta)，是在何处，针对何人，因何事而说？

Vissajjanā – mallesu bhante anupiye nāma mallānaṃ nigame bhaggavagottaṃ paribbājakaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, bhaggavagotto bhante paribbājako bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘purimāni bhante divasāni purimatarāni sunakkhatto licchaviputto yenāhaṃ tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā maṃ etadavoca ‘‘paccakkhāto dāni mayā bhaggava bhagavā, na dānāhaṃ bhagavantaṃ uddissa viharāmī’ti, kacce taṃ bhante tatheva, yathā sunakkhatto, licchaviputto avacā’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是在摩罗国(Mallesu)一个名为阿奴毕雅(Anupiya)的市镇，针对巴伽瓦(Bhaggava)族的游方者而说。尊者，巴伽瓦族的游方者对世尊说：“尊者，前些日子，离车(Licchavi)子善星(Sunakkhatta)来到我这里，对我说：‘巴伽瓦，我如今已舍弃世尊，我不再依止世尊而住。’尊者，离车子善星所说的是否如此？”尊者，即是因这件事而说。

Udumbarikasutta

优昙婆罗经

Pucchā – udumbarikasuttaṃ [Pg.232] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊在哪里、为了谁、根据什么事情说了《优昙婆罗经》呢？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante nigrodhaṃ paribbājakaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, nigrodho bhante paribbājako bhagavato parammukhā bhagavantaṃyeva ārabbha anekavihitaṃ abhūtakathaṃ kathesi, tasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，这是在王舍城(Rājagaha)针对游行者尼拘陀(Nigrodha)所说。尊者，游行者尼拘陀在世尊背后，针对世尊说了种种不实之语。就是针对这件事而说的。

Cakkavattisutta

转轮王经

Pucchā – cakkavattisuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊在哪里、为了谁、根据什么事情说了《转轮王经》呢？

Vissajjanā – magadhesu bhante mātulāyaṃ sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha attajjhāsayena suttanikkhepena bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，这是世尊在摩揭陀国(Magadha)的马图拉(Mātulā)，出于自己的意向，以经文纲要的方式，为众多比丘宣说的。

Aggaññasutta

起世经

Pucchā – aggaññasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊在哪里、为了谁、根据什么事情说了《起世经》呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante pubbārāme migāramātupāsāde vāseṭṭhaṃ pabbajitaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, brāhmaṇā bhante vāseṭṭha bhāradvāje pabbajite akkosanti paribhāsanti attarūpāya

答：尊者，这是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)东园鹿母讲堂，针对已出家的瓦谢塔(Vāseṭṭha)所说。尊者，婆罗门们以相应的言辞辱骂、诽谤已出家的瓦谢塔和巴罗多迦。

Paribhāsāya [Pg.233] paripuṇṇāya no aparipuṇṇāya, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

（他们的）辱骂是圆满的，而非不圆满的。尊者，就是针对这件事而说的。

Pucchā – sampasādanīya suttaṃ panāvuso kattha kena bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，《净信经》是在哪里由谁宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – nāḷandāyaṃ bhante pāvārikambavane āyasmatā sāriputtena bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，这是具寿舍利弗在那烂陀(Nāḷandā)的跋瓦瑞咖(Pāvārika)芒果园所说。

Pāsādikasutta

可喜经

Pucchā – pāsādikasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊在哪里、为了谁、根据什么事情说了《可喜经》呢？

Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante vedhaññānāma sakyānaṃ ambavane pāsāde cundaṃ samaṇuddesaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, cundo bhante samaṇuddeso pāvāyaṃ nigaṇṭhassa nāṭaputtassa kālaṃ kiriyāya bhinnānaṃ nigaṇṭhānaṃ dvedhikajātānaṃ bhaṇḍanajātānaṃ kalahajātānaṃ vivādāpannānaṃ aññamaññaṃ mukhasattīhi vitujjanakāraṇaṃ āyasmato ānandassa ārocesi, āyasmā ca bhante ānando bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesi, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，这是在释迦国一个名叫韦达尼耶(Vedhaññā)的地方，在芒果园的殿堂里，针对沙弥纯陀所说。尊者，沙弥纯陀向具寿阿难报告：尼乾陀·若提子(Nigaṇṭha Nāṭaputta)在波婆(Pāvā)去世后，尼乾陀教徒们分裂了，分为两派，发生争执、争吵、争论，陷入争端，用言语像武器一样互相攻击。具寿阿难又将此事禀告了世尊。尊者，就是针对这件事而说的。

Lakkhaṇasutta

相经

Pucchā – lakkhaṇasuttaṃ [Pg.234] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha bhāsitaṃ.

问——贤友，这部《相经》是世尊在哪里宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante jetavanamahāvihāre bhāsitaṃ.

答——尊者，这是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)祇陀林大精舍所说的。

Siṅgālasutta

善生经

Pucchā – siṅgālasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问——贤友，这部《善生经》是世尊在哪里、为了谁、因为什么事而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante siṅgālaṃ gahapatiputtaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, siṅgālo bhante gahapatiputto kālasseva uṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavattho allakeso pañjaliko puthudisā namassati puratthimaṃ disaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ pacchimaṃ disaṃ uttaraṃ disaṃ heṭṭhimaṃ disaṃ uparimaṃ disaṃ, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答——尊者，这是在王舍城针对尸伽罗(Siṅgāla)居士子所说的。尊者，尸伽罗居士子清晨起来，离开王舍城，湿衣湿发，合掌礼拜各方：东方、南方、西方、北方、下方、上方。尊者，这是就此事而说的。

Āṭānāṭiyasutta

阿吒曩胝经

Pucchā – āṭānāṭiyasuttaṃ [Pg.235] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

问——贤友，世尊在什么地方、因为什么事说了《阿吒曩胝经》呢？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe [Pg.236] bhante gijjhakūṭe pabbate bhāsitaṃ, bhagavati bhante rājagahe viharati cattāro mahārājāno catuddisaṃ rakkhaṃ ṭhapetvā catuddisaṃ gumbaṃ ṭhapetvā catuddisaṃ ovaraṇaṃ ṭhapetvā kevalakappaṃ gijjhakūṭapabbataṃ obhāsetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu, ekamantaṃ nisinno kho bhante vessavaṇo mahārājā āṭānāṭiyaṃ rakkhaṃ bhagavato ārocesi bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ upāsakānaṃ upāsikānaṃ phāsuvihārāya, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ bhāsitaṃ.

答——尊者，此经在王舍城鹫峰山宣说。尊者，当世尊住在王舍城时，四大天王在四方设置守护、军队与屏障后，使整个鹫峰山光明遍照，然后去到世尊那里。他们去到后，顶礼世尊，坐于一旁。尊者，坐于一旁的毗沙门(Vessavaṇa)大王，为了比丘、比丘尼、优婆塞、优婆夷的安乐住，向世尊禀告了《阿吒曩胝守护咒》。尊者，这是就此事而说的。

Saṅgītisutta

等诵经

Pucchā – saṅgīti [Pg.237] suttaṃ panāvuso kattha kena bhāsitaṃ.

问——贤友，这部《等诵经》是在哪里由谁宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – pāvāyaṃ bhante āyasmatā sāriputtena bhāsitaṃ.

答——尊者，这是具寿舍利弗在波婆(Pāvā)所说的。

Dasuttarasutta

十上经

Pucchā – dasuttarasuttaṃ panāvuso kattha kena bhāsitaṃ.

问——贤友，这《十上经》是在哪里由谁说的呢？

Vissajjanā – dasuttarasuttaṃ bhante campāyaṃ gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre āyasmatā sāriputtena bhāsitaṃ.

答——尊者，这《十上经》是在瞻波城的伽伽罗(Gaggarā)莲池畔，由具寿舍利弗所说。

Pucchā – ke [Pg.238] āvuso sikkhanti.

问——贤友，谁在学习呢？

Vissajjanā – sekkhā ca bhante puthujjanakalyāṇakā ca sikkhanti.

答——尊者，有学和善凡夫在学习。

Pucchā – ke āvuso sikkhitasikkhā.

问——贤友，谁是无学呢？

Vissajjanā – arahanto bhante sikkhitasikkhā.

答——尊者，阿罗汉是无学。

Pucchā – kassa [Pg.239] āvuso vacanaṃ.

问——贤友，这是谁所说？

Vissajjanā – bhagavato bhante vacanaṃ arahato sammāsambuddhassa.

答——尊者，这是世尊、阿罗汉、正等正觉者所说。

Pucchā – kenāvuso ābhataṃ.

问——贤友，这是由谁传来的呢？

Vissajjanā – paramparāya bhante ābhataṃ.

答——尊者，这是由师徒传承而来的。