Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa

礼敬彼世尊、阿罗汉、正自觉者

Suttantapiṭaka

经藏

Saṃyuttanikāye

相应部

Sagāthāvaggapāḷi

有偈品

Saṃgāyanassa pucchā vissajjanā

结集的问答

Pucchā – paṭhamamahāsaṃgītikāle [Pg.1] āvuso dhammasaṃgāhakā mahākassapādayo mahātheravarā porāṇasaṃgītikārā paṭhamaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ saṃgāyitvā tadanantaraṃ suttantapiṭakaṃ saṃgāyantā dīghanikāyañca majjhimanikāyañca saṃgāyitvā tadanantaraṃ kiṃnāma pāvacanaṃ saṃgāyiṃsu.

问：贤友，在第一次大结集时，以大迦叶(Mahākassapa)为首的法结集者、诸大上座长老、古结集师，先结集了律藏(Vinayapiṭaka)，然后结集经藏(Suttantapiṭaka)，在结集了长部(Dīghanikāya)和中部(Majjhimanikāya)之后，接下来结集了什么名称的圣典？

Vissajjanā – paṭhamamahāsaṃgītikāle bhante dhammasaṃgāhakā mahākassapādayo porāṇatheravarā paṭhamaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ saṃgāyitvā tadanantaraṃ suttantapiṭakaṃ saṃgāyantā dīghanikāyañca majjhimanikāyañca saṃgāyitvā tadanantaraṃ sattahi ca suttasahassehi sattahi ca suttasatehi dvāsaṭṭhiyā ca suttehi paṭimaṇḍitaṃ bhāṇavārasataparimāṇaṃ saṃyuttanikāyaṃ nāma pāvacanaṃ saṃgāyiṃsu.

答：尊者，在第一次大结集时，以大迦叶为首的法结集者、诸古上座长老，首先结集了律藏，其后在结集经藏时，于结集长部和中部之后，接着结集了名为相应部(Saṃyuttanikāya)的圣典，此圣典由七千七百六十二部经所庄严，篇幅达一百诵品。

Pucchā – saṃyuttanikāye [Pg.2] ca āvuso sagāthāvaggo nidānavaggo khandhavaggo saḷāyatanavaggo mahāvaggoti pañcasaṃyuttappakaraṇāni, tesu paṭhamaṃ kataraṃ saṃyuttappakaraṇaṃ te saṃgāyiṃsu.

问：贤友，相应部中有有偈品、因缘品、蕴品、六处品、大品这五个部分，他们最先结集的是这五个部分中的哪一个呢？

Vissajjanā – pañcasu bhante saṃyuttappakaraṇesu paṭhamaṃ sagāthāvaggasaṃyuttappakaraṇaṃ saṃgāyiṃsu.

答：尊者，在这五个部分中，他们首先结集了有偈品相应部。

Pucchā – sagāthāvaggepi [Pg.3] āvuso devatāsaṃyuttādivasena ekādasasaṃyuttāni, tesu paṭhamaṃ kataraṃ saṃyuttaṃ te saṃgāyiṃsu.

问：贤友，有偈品中也有天相应等十一部相应，他们最先结集的是哪一部相应？

Vissajjanā – ekādasasu bhante saṃyuttesu paṭhamaṃ devatāsaṃyuttaṃ saṃgāyiṃsu.

答：尊者，在十一部相应中，首先结集的是天相应。

Pucchā – devatāsaṃyuttepi āvuso naḷavaggādayo aṭṭha vaggā, oghataraṇasuttādīni ca ekāsīti suttāni, tesu paṭhamaṃ kataraṃ vaggaṃ katarañca suttaṃ sagāyiṃsu.

问：贤友，在天相应中，有芦苇品等八个品，以及渡瀑流经等八十一经。在这些品和经中，最初结集的是哪个品、哪部经？

Vissajjanā – aṭṭhasu bhante vaggesu paṭhamaṃ naḷavaggaṃ ekāsītiyā ca suttesu paṭhamaṃ oghataraṇasuttaṃ saṃgāyiṃsu.

答：尊者，在八个品中首先结集了芦苇品，在八十一部经中首先结集了渡瀑流经。

Sādhu [Pg.4] sādhu āvuso, mayampi dāni tatoyeva paṭṭhāya saṃgītipubbaṅgamāni pucchanavissajjanakiccāni āvahituṃ samārabhāra.

善哉善哉，贤友！我们现在也要从这里开始，着手进行作为结集前导的问答事务了。

Devatāsaṃyutta

诸天相应

Oghataraṇasutta

度暴流经

Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena oghataraṇasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，那位知者、见者、阿罗汉、正自觉者世尊，在何处，为了谁，因为什么事，以什么方式宣说了《度暴流经》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante aññataraṃ devataṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, aññatarā bhante devatā abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇā kevalakappaṃ jetavanaṃ obhāsetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi, ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho sā devatā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kathaṃ nu tvaṃ mārisa oghamatarī’’ti,

答：尊者，这是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对某位天神所说的。尊者，某位天神在夜已深时，以超凡的光辉照亮整个祇陀林，然后来到世尊面前，顶礼世尊后，站在一旁。站在一旁的那位天神对世尊这样说道：“仁者，您是如何渡过暴流的？”

Tasmiṃ [Pg.5] bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘apatiṭṭhaṃ khvāhaṃ āvuso anāyūhaṃ oghamatariṃ’’ti, evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

尊者，世尊是就此事这样说的：“贤友，我的确不依止、不努力就渡过了暴流。”尊者，世尊就是这样说的。

Accentisutta

流逝经

Pucchā – accentisuttaṃ [Pg.8] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊在何处，为了谁，因为什么事，以什么方式宣说了《流逝经》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante aññataraṃ devataṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Aññatarā bhante devatā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca–

答：尊者，在舍卫城，世尊是针对某位天神而说的。尊者，某位天神对世尊说了这样的话：

‘‘Accenti kālā tarayanti rattiyo,Vayoguṇā anupubbaṃ jahanti,Etaṃ bhayaṃ maraṇe pekkhamāno,Puññāni kayirātha sukhāvahānī’’ti–

时光流逝，日夜飞逝，年华次第地舍弃。见此死之怖畏，应作引乐之福业。

Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ –

尊者，世尊是就此事这样说的：

‘‘Accenti kālā tarayanti rattiyo,Vayoguṇā anupubbaṃ jahanti,Etaṃ bhayaṃ maraṇe pekkhamāno,Lokāmisaṃ pajahe santipekkho’’ti –

时光流逝，日夜飞逝，年华次第地舍弃。见此死之怖畏，寻求寂静者应舍弃世间利诱。

Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

尊者，世尊就是这样说的。

Sattisutta

矛经

Pucchā – sattisuttaṃ [Pg.10] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊在何处，为了谁，因为什么事，以什么方式宣说了《矛经》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante aññataraṃ devataṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, aññatarā bhante devatā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca–

答：尊者，这段话是在舍卫城，针对某位天神而说的。尊者，某位天神对世尊说了这样一段话：

‘‘Sattiyā viya omaṭṭho, ḍayhamānova matthake;

Kāmarāgappahānāya, sato bhikkhu paribbaje’’ti–

如被利矛刺，如头被火烧，为断除欲贪，比丘应正念游方。

Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ–

尊者，世尊是就此事这样说的：

Sattiyā [Pg.11] viya omaṭṭho ḍayhamānova matthake;

Sakkāyadiṭṭhippahānāya, sato bhikkhu paribbajeti;

如被利矛刺，如头被火烧，为断除有身见，比丘应正念游方。

Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

尊者，世尊就是这样说的。

Sattiyā viya omaṭṭho, ḍayhamānova matthake;

Kāmarāgappahānāya, sato bhikkhu paribbaje –

如被利矛刺，如头被火烧，为断除欲贪，比丘应正念游方。

Sattiyā [Pg.12] viya omaṭṭho, ḍayhamānova matthake,Sakkāyadiṭṭhippamānāya, sato bhikkhu paribbaje –

如被利矛刺，如头被火烧，为断除有身见，比丘应正念游方。

Jaṭāsutta

结经

Pucchā – jaṭāsuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊所说的《结经》，是在哪里、为了谁、关于什么事以及如何说的？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante aññataraṃ devataṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, aññatarā bhante devatā bhavagantaṃ etadavoca–

答：尊者，此经是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对某位天神而说。尊者，某位天神对世尊说了这段话：

‘‘Anto jaṭā bahijaṭā, jaṭāya jaṭitā pajā;

Taṃ taṃ gotama pucchāmi, ko imaṃ vijaṭaye jaṭa’’nti–

“内结与外结，众生为结缚；乔达摩(Gotama)，我问你：谁能解此结？”

Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ –

尊者，关于此事——

Sīle patiṭṭhāya naro sapañño, cittaṃ paññañca bhāvayaṃ;

Ātāpī nipako bhikkhu, so imaṃ vijaṭaye jaṭaṃ.

智者立足于戒(sīla)，修习心与慧；勇猛、审慎的比丘，他能解此结。

Yesaṃ [Pg.13] rāgo ca doso ca, avijjā ca virājitā;

Khīṇāsavā arahanto, tesaṃ vijaṭitā jaṭāti;

那些贪(rāga)、瞋(dosa)与痴(avijjā)已离，诸漏已尽的阿罗汉，他们的结已解开。

Evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

尊者，世尊说了这样一类的话。

Sīle [Pg.14] patiṭṭhāya naro sapañño, cittaṃ paññañca bhāvayaṃ;

Ātāpī nipako bhikkhu, so imaṃ vijaṭaye jaṭaṃ–

智者立足于戒，修习心与慧；勇猛、审慎的比丘，他能解此结。

Yesaṃ rāgo ca doso ca, avijjā ca virājitā;

Khīṇāsavā arahanto, tesaṃ vijaṭitā jaṭā–

那些贪、瞋与痴已离，诸漏已尽的阿罗汉，他们的结已解开。

Yattha [Pg.15] nāmañca rūpañca, asesaṃ uparujjhati;

Paṭighaṃ rūpasaññā ca, etthesā chijjate jaṭā.

于名(nāma)与色(rūpa)无余止息，有对(paṭigha)与色想(rūpasaññā)亦灭之处，此结即被斩断。

Accharāsutta

天女经

Pucchā – accharāsuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊所说的《天女经》，是在哪里、为了谁、关于什么事以及如何说的？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante aññataraṃ devaputtaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Aññataro bhante devaputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca–

答：尊者，此经是在舍卫城，针对某位天子(devaputta)而说。尊者，某位天子对世尊说了这段话：

‘‘Accharāgaṇasaṅghaṭṭhaṃ, pisāca gaṇasevitaṃ;

Vanantaṃ mohanaṃ nāma, kathaṃ yātrā bhavissatī’’ti.

“天女群集喧嚣，毕舍遮(pisāca)群围绕；名为‘迷惑’的森林，如何能通行？”

Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ–

尊者，关于此事——

‘‘Ujuko nāma so maggo, abhayā nāma sā disā,Ratho akūjano nāma, dhammacakkehi saṃyuto.

“那条路名为‘正直’，那方向名为‘无畏’，那车名为‘无声’，装配着法之轮(dhammacakka)。

Hirī [Pg.16] tassa apālambo, satyassa parivāraṇaṃ;

Dhammāhaṃ sārathiṃ brūmi, sammādiṭṭhi purejavaṃ.

惭(hirī)为它的靠背，念(sati)为它的护卫；我说法(Dhamma)是车夫，正见(sammādiṭṭhi)为先行者。

Yassa etādisaṃ yānaṃ, itthiyā purisassa vā;

Sa ve etena yānena, nibbānasseva santike’’ti.

无论男女，若有这样的乘具，他确实以此乘具，就在涅槃(nibbāna)的近处。”

Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

尊者，世尊确实是这样说的。

Accharāgaṇasaṅghuṭṭhaṃ[Pg.17], pisācagaṇasevitaṃ;

Vanantaṃ mohanaṃ nāma, kathaṃ yātrā bhavissati–

“天女群集喧嚣，毕舍遮群围绕；名为‘迷惑’的森林，如何能通行？”

Jarāsutta

老朽经

Pucchā – jarāsuttaṃ [Pg.19] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊于何处、为谁、以何事、如何宣说《老朽经》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante aññataraṃ devataṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Aññatarā bhante devatā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca–

答：尊者，此经是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，为某位天人而说。尊者，某位天人对世尊说了此话：

‘‘Kiṃ su yāva jarā sādhu, kiṃ su sādhu patiṭṭhitaṃ;

Kiṃ su narānaṃ ratanaṃ, kiṃ su corehi dūhara’’nti.

“何物善至老？何物善安立？何为人之宝？何物贼难夺？”

Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ–

尊者，关于此事——

‘‘Sīlaṃ yāva jarā sādhu, saddhā sādhu patiṭṭhitā;

Paññā narānaṃ ratanaṃ, puññaṃ corehi dūhara’’nti.

“戒善至老，信善安立；慧为人宝，福贼难夺。”

Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

尊者，世尊如是说。

Kiṃ su yāva jarā sādhu.

何物善至老？

Kiṃ su sādhu patiṭṭhitaṃ.

何物善安立？

Kiṃ [Pg.20] su narānaṃ ratanaṃ.

何为人之宝？

Kiṃ su corehi dūharaṃ.

何物贼难夺？

Devaputtasaṃyutta

天子相应

Subrahmasutta

善梵经

Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena subrahmasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ katañca bhāsitaṃ. Kīdiso ca tattha dhammapaṭiggāhakassa dhammassavanānisaṃso adhigato.

问：贤友，彼知者、见者、阿罗汉、正等觉者世尊，于何处、为谁、以何事、如何宣说《善梵经》？于彼处，领法者获得何等闻法之利？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe [Pg.21] bhante subrahmadevaputtaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Subrahmā bhante devaputto maraṇabhayabhīto bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca–

答：尊者，此经是在王舍城(Rājagaha)，为善梵天子(Subrahma devaputta)而说。尊者，善梵天子为死畏所惧，走近世尊，说了此话：

‘‘Niccaṃ utrastamidaṃ cittaṃ, niccaṃ ubbiggamidaṃ mano;

Anuppannesu kicchesu, atho uppatitesu ca;

Sace atthi anutrastaṃ, taṃ me akkhāhi pucchito’’ti–

“此心常惊怖，此意常忧惧；于未生之苦，以及已生者；若有无畏处，应我问为说。”

Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ.

尊者，关于此事——

‘‘Nāññatra bojjā tapasā, nāññatrindriyasaṃvarā;

Nāññatra sabbanissaggā, sotthiṃ passāmi pāṇina’’nti.

“除了觉支与苦行，除了根律仪，除了舍弃一切，我未见众生有安稳。”

Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ. Desanāpariyosāne ca bhante subrahmassa devaputtassa tasmiṃyeva āsane virajaṃ vītamalaṃ dhammacakkhuṃ udapādi, ‘‘yaṃkiñci samudayadhammaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhamma’’nti.

尊者，世尊如是说。尊者，说法结束时，善梵天子即于其座，生起离尘、离垢之法眼：“凡是集法，皆是灭法。”

Niccaṃ [Pg.22] utrastamidaṃ cittaṃ, niccaṃ ubbiggamidaṃ mano;

Anuppannesu kicchesu, atho uppatitesu ca;

Sace atthi anutrasta, taṃ me akkhāhi pucchito-hu–

“此心常惊怖，此意常忧惧；于未生之苦，以及已生者；若有无畏处，应我问为说。”

Nāññatra [Pg.23] bojjā tapasā, nāññatrindriyasaṃvarā;

Nāññatra sabbanissaggā, sotthiṃ passāmi pāṇinaṃ–

“除了觉支与苦行，除了根律仪，除了舍弃一切，我未见众生有安稳。”

Rohitassasutta

罗醯多娑经

Pucchā – rohitassasuttaṃ [Pg.24] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，世尊在哪里、针对谁、基于什么事、以什么方式宣说了《罗醯多娑经》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante rohitassaṃ devaputtaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Rohitasso bhante devaputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘yattha nu kho bhante na jāyati na jīyati na mīyati na cavati na upapajjati, sakkā nu kho so bhante gamanena lokassa anto ñātuṃ vā daṭṭhuṃ vā pāpuṇituṃ vā’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘yattha kho āvuso na jāyati na jīyati na mīyati na cavati na upapajjati, nāhaṃ taṃ gamanena lokassa antaṃ ñāteyyaṃ aṭṭheyyaṃ patteyyanti vadāmī’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

回答——尊者，这是世尊在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对罗醯多娑(Rohitassa)天子而说的。尊者，罗醯多娑天子对世尊说：“尊者，哪里没有出生、没有衰老、没有死亡、没有消逝、没有再生？尊者，是否有可能通过行走去了知、看见或到达世界的尽头？”尊者，针对此事，世尊说：“贤友，我说那没有出生、没有衰老、没有死亡、没有消逝、没有再生之处，是不可能通过行走去了知、看见或抵达的。”尊者，世尊便是如此宣说的。

Kosalasaṃyutta

憍萨罗相应

Daharasutta

年少经

Pucchā – daharasuttaṃ [Pg.26] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，世尊在哪里、针对谁、基于什么事、以什么方式宣说了《年少经》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante rājānaṃ pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Rājā bhante pasenadi kosalo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi, ekamantaṃ nisinno kho bhante rājā pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘bhavampi no gotamo ‘anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho’ti paṭijānātī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘yañhi taṃ mahārāja sammā vadamānovadeyya ‘anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho’ti[Pg.27], mameva taṃ sammā vadamāno vadeyyā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

回答——尊者，这是世尊在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对憍萨罗(Kosala)国的波斯匿王(Pasenadi)而说的。尊者，憍萨罗国的波斯匿王前往世尊那里，抵达后与世尊互相问候，在一旁坐下后，尊者，憍萨罗国的波斯匿王对世尊说了这番话：“乔达摩(Gotama)尊者，您也自称已证得无上正等正觉吗？”尊者，针对此事，世尊说：“大王，若有人要正确地说‘已证得无上正等正觉’，那么他这样正确地说，就是在说我。”尊者，世尊便是如此宣说的。

Tasmā [Pg.29] hi paṇḍito poso, sampassaṃ atthamattano;

Bhujaṅgamaṃ pāvakañca, khattiyañca yasassinaṃ;

Bhikkhuñca sīlasampannaṃ, sammadeva samācare–

是故，智者观己利，应对蛇、火、声名显赫的刹帝利，以及具戒的比丘，都正当地对待。

Attarakkhitasutta

自护经

Pucchā – attarakkhitasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，世尊在哪里、针对谁、基于什么事、以什么方式宣说了《自护经》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante rājānaṃyeva pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Rājā bhante pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘idha mayhaṃ bhante rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa [Pg.30] evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādī’’ti evamādikaṃ vacanaṃ avoca. Bhagavā ca bhante evametaṃ mahārāja evametaṃ mahārājāti evamādinā vibhajitvā bhāsitaṃ.

回答——尊者，这同样是世尊在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对憍萨罗(Kosala)国的波斯匿王(Pasenadi)而说的。尊者，憍萨罗国的波斯匿王前往世尊那里，说了以“尊者，当我独处静坐时，心中生起了这样的思虑”等开头的这番话。尊者，世尊便以“大王，正是这样，大王，正是这样”等方式，分别解说。

Kāyena [Pg.32] saṃvaro sādhu, sādhu vācāya saṃvaro;

Manasā saṃvaro sādhu, sādhu, sabbattha saṃvaro;

Sabbattha saṃvuto lajjī, rakkhitoti pavuccati.

身律仪为善，语律仪亦善，意律仪为善，一切处律仪善。于一切处有律仪、有惭者，被称为“已守护者”。

Appakasutta

稀少经

Pucchā – appakasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，世尊在哪里、针对谁、基于什么事、以什么方式宣说了《稀少经》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante rājānaṃyeva pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Rājā bhante pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘idha mayhaṃ bhante rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi appakā te sattā lokasmiṃ, ye uḷāre uḷāre bhoge labhitvā na ceva majjanti na ca pamajjanti, na ca kāmesu gedhaṃ āpajjantī’’ti evamādikaṃ vacanaṃ avoca. Bhagavā ca bhante ‘‘evametaṃ mahārāja evametaṃ mahārājā’’ti evamādinā appakasuttaṃ bhāsitaṃ.

回答——尊者，这是世尊在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对憍萨罗(Kosala)国波斯匿王(Pasenadi)而说的。尊者，憍萨罗国波斯匿王前往世尊那里，说道：“尊者，我独自隐居时，心中生起这样的思绪：世间众生稀少，他们获得广大的财富后，既不沉醉，也不放逸，也不会对欲乐产生贪恋。”尊者，世尊以“大王，正是这样，大王，正是这样”等语宣说了《稀少经》。

Mallikāsutta

茉莉夫人经

Pucchā – mallikāsuttaṃ [Pg.34] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，世尊在哪里、针对谁、基于什么事、以什么方式宣说了《茉莉夫人经》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante rājānaṃyeva pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Rājā bhante pasenadi kosalo mallikaṃ deviṃ etadavoca ‘‘atthi nu kho te mallike kocañño attanā piyataro’’ti. Tasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ sabbādisā anuparigamma cetasāti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

回答——尊者，这是世尊在舍卫城，针对憍萨罗国波斯匿王而说的。尊者，憍萨罗国波斯匿王对茉莉夫人这样说：“茉莉，难道有谁比你自己更可爱吗？”尊者，世尊以此事为缘，宣说了以“以心遍观一切方向”等开头的教言。

Sabbā [Pg.35] disā anuparigamma cetasā, nevajjhagā piyataramattanā kvaci. Evaṃ piyo puthu attā paresaṃ, tasmā na hiṃse paramattakāmo–

以心遍观一切方向，未曾发现有比自己更可爱者。他人对自己亦是如此珍爱，因此，珍爱自己者不应伤害他人。

Sattajaṭilasutta

七结发者经

Pucchā – tenāvuso [Pg.36] bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena sattajaṭilasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，世尊……乃至……正自觉者在哪里、针对谁、基于什么事、以什么方式宣说了《七结发者经》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante rājānaṃ pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Rājā bhante pasenadi kosalo acirapakkantesu sattasu ca jaṭilesu sattasu ca nigaṇṭhesu sattasu ca acelakesu sattasu ca ekasāṭakesu sattasu ca paribbājakesu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi, ekamantaṃ nisinno kho bhante rājā pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ye te bhante loke arahanto vā arahattamaggaṃ vā samāpannā, ete tesaṃ aññatarā’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘dujjānaṃ kho etaṃ mahārāja tayā gihinā kāmabhoginā puttasambādhasayanaṃ ajjhāvasantena kāsiṇacandanaṃ paccanubhontena mālāgandhavilepanaṃ dhārayantena jātarūparajataṃ sādiyantena ‘‘ime vā arahanto, ime vā arahattamaggaṃ samāpannā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

回答——尊者，这是世尊在舍卫城，针对憍萨罗国波斯匿王而说的。尊者，在七位结发者(jaṭila)、七位尼乾子(nigaṇṭha)、七位无衣者(acelaka)、七位一衣者(ekasāṭaka)与七位游方者(paribbājaka)刚离开不久，憍萨罗国波斯匿王就去到世尊那里，顶礼世尊后，坐在一旁。尊者，坐在一旁的憍萨罗国波斯匿王对世尊说：“尊者，那些世间的阿罗汉(arahanta)或已证得阿罗汉道(arahattamagga)的人，他们是这些人中的一员吗？”尊者，就此事，世尊宣说了以此等开头的教言：“大王，你身为享受欲乐的在家人，住于妻儿拥挤的家中，受用迦尸(Kāsi)檀香，佩戴花环与涂香，接受金银，要了知‘这些人是阿罗汉，或这些人已证入阿罗汉道’，这是困难的。”

Na [Pg.40] vaṇṇarūpena naro sujāno, na vissase ittaradassanena;

Susaññatānañhi viyañjanena, asaññatā lokamimaṃ caranti.

不应以相貌识人，不应轻信于一见；伪装成善于防护者，不防护者行于世。

Patirūpako mattikākuṇḍalova, lohaḍḍhamāsova suvaṇṇachanno;

Caranti loke parivārachannā, anto asuddhā bahisobhamānā-hū

犹如陶制假耳环，亦如铜币外镀金；随从簇拥行于世，内里不净外光明。

Pañcarājasutta

五王经

Pucchā – pañcarājasuttaṃ [Pg.41] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊在何处、为了谁、因为什么事、以什么方式说了这部《五王经》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante rājānaṃyeva pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Rājā bhante pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kiṃ nu kho bhante kāmānaṃ agga’’nti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘manāpapariyantaṃ khvāhaṃ mahārāja pañcasu kāmaguṇesu agganti vadāmī’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，是针对憍萨罗国波斯匿王而说的。尊者，憍萨罗国波斯匿王对世尊说了这番话：“尊者，什么是诸欲之中最顶尖的呢？”尊者，关于这件事，世尊这样说：“大王，我说的五种欲乐，是以令人满意为极致的才是最顶尖的。”尊者，世尊就是这样说的。

Idha [Pg.42] bhante amhākaṃ pañcannaṃ rājūnaṃ pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappitānaṃ samaṅgībhūtānaṃ paricārayamānānaṃ ayamantarākathā udapādiṃ ‘kiṃ nu kho kāmānaṃ agga’nti–

尊者，我们五位国王，具足并受用着五种欲乐，在此期间生起了这样的谈论：“到底什么是诸欲之中最顶尖的呢？”

Padumaṃ [Pg.43] yathā kokanadaṃ sugandhaṃ, pāto siyā phullamavītagandhaṃ. Aṅgīrasaṃ passa virocamānaṃ, tapantamādiccamivantalikkhe–

如同芬芳的红莲，清晨盛开，香气不散。观看光芒四射的安吉罗娑(Aṅgīrasa)，犹如太阳在空中照耀。

Dutiyaaputtakasutta

第二无子者经

Pucchā – dutiyaaputtakasuttaṃ [Pg.44] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊在何处、为了谁、因为什么事、以什么方式说了这部《第二无子者经》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante rājānaṃyeva pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Rājā bhante pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘idha bhante sāvatthiyaṃ seṭṭhi gahapati kālaṅkato, tamahaṃ aputtakaṃ sāpateyyaṃ rājantepuraṃ atiharitvā āgacchāmī’’ti evamādikaṃ vacanaṃ avoca. Bhagavā ca bhante ‘‘evametaṃ mahārāja, evametaṃ mahārāja, bhūtapubbaṃ so mahārāja seṭṭhi gahapati taggarasikhiṃ nāma paccekasambuddhaṃ piṇḍapātena paṭipādesī’’ti evamādinā tassa seṭṭhissa gahapatissa atītaṃ vatthuṃ āharitvā pariyosāne catūhi gāthāhi bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，是针对憍萨罗国波斯匿王而说的。尊者，憍萨罗国波斯匿王拜访世尊后说道：“尊者，舍卫城有位长者、家主去世了，他没有儿子，我已将他的财产收归王宫。”他说了这样的话。尊者，世尊说：“大王，确实是这样，确实是这样。大王，过去这位长者、家主曾以一钵饭供养了一位名叫多伽罗尸弃(Taggarasikhi)的独觉佛。”世尊讲述了这位长者、家主过去的故事，最后说了四首偈颂。

Dhaññaṃ [Pg.47] dhanaṃ rajataṃ jātarūpaṃ, pariggahaṃ vāpi yadatthi kiñci,Dāsā kammakarā pessā, ye cassa anujīvino.

谷粮、财富、金银，以及任何所有物，奴婢、佣工、仆役，和一切依附他的人。

Sabbaṃ nādāya gantabbaṃ, sabbaṃ nikkhippagāminaṃ;

Yañca karoti kāyena, vācāya udacetasā.

一切皆不能带走，一切皆需舍弃而行；凡以身、语或意所造作的，

Tañhi tassa sakaṃ hoti, taṃva ādāya gacchati;

Taṃvassa anugaṃ hoti, chāyāva anapāyinī.

那才是他自己的，他带着那个离去；它跟随着他，如影随形不离弃。

Tasmā kareyya kalyāṇaṃ, nicayaṃ samparāyikaṃ;

Puññāni paralokasmiṃ, patiṭṭhā honti pāṇinaṃ –

是故当行善，积集来世粮；福德于他世，实为众生依。

Mārasaṃyutta

魔相应

Tapokammasutta

苦行经

Pucchā – tapokammasuttaṃ [Pg.48] panāvuso bhagavatā jinena kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊、胜者在何处、针对谁、于何事、以及如何宣说了《苦行经》？

Vissajjanā – uruvelāyaṃ bhante māraṃ pāpimantaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Māro bhante pāpimā bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā gāthāya ajjhabhāsi.

答：尊者，此乃于优楼频螺(Uruvelā)，针对恶魔波旬而说。尊者，恶魔波旬走近世尊，以偈颂对世尊说：

‘‘Tapokammā apakkamma, yena sujjhanti māṇavā;

Asuddho maññasi suddho, suddhimaggā aparaddho’’ti.

“你已远离那令世人清净的苦行，不净者却自以为清净，你已偏离清净之道。”

Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ–

尊者，于其事中——

‘‘Anattasaṃhitaṃ ñatvā, yaṃ kiñci amaraṃ tapaṃ;

Sabbaṃ natthāvahaṃ hoti, phiyārittaṃva dhammani;

Sīlaṃ samādhi paññañca, maggaṃ bodhāya bhāvayaṃ;

Pattosmi paramaṃ suddhiṃ, nihato tvamasi antakā’’ti.

“了知一切无益的苦行，所谓不死之修行，皆毫无益处，犹如陆地上的船桨。我修习戒、定、慧，此觉悟之道，已证得究竟清净。死神(Antaka)啊，你已被击败！”

Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā jinena bhāsitaṃ.

尊者，世尊、胜者即如是说。

Tapokammā [Pg.49] apakkamma, ye na sujjhanti māṇavā;

Asuddho maññasi suddho, suddhimaggā aparaddho–

远离苦行，世人不得清净；不净者自以为清净，已偏离清净之道。

Anatthasaṃhitaṃ [Pg.50] utvā, yaṃkiñci amaraṃ tapaṃ;

Sabbaṃ natthāvahaṃ hoti, phiyārittaṃva dhammani;

了知一切无益的苦行，所谓不死之修行，皆毫无益处，犹如陆地上的船桨；

Hatthirājavaṇṇasutta

象王色经

Pucchā – hatthirājavaṇṇasuttaṃ [Pg.51] panāvuso bhavagatā jinena kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊、胜者在何处、针对谁、于何事、以及如何宣说了《象王色经》？

Vissajjanā – uruvelāyaṃ bhante mārakaṃyeva pāpimantaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Māro bhante pāpimā bhagavato bhayaṃ chambhitattaṃ lomahaṃsaṃ uppādetukāmo mahantaṃ hatthirājavaṇṇaṃ abhinimminitvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami.

答：尊者，此乃于优楼频螺，针对恶魔波旬而说。尊者，恶魔波旬欲令世尊生起怖畏、惊骇与毛骨悚然，便化作巨大的象王之形，走近世尊之处。

Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ–

尊者，于其事中——

‘‘Saṃsaraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ, vaṇṇaṃ katvā subhāsubhaṃ;

Alaṃ te tena pāpima, nihato tvamasi antakā’’ti.

“长时轮回中，化作美丑之形。恶魔，你够了！死神(Antaka)啊，你已被击败！”

Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā jinena bhāsitaṃ.

尊者，世尊、胜者即如是说。

Saṃsaraṃ [Pg.52] dīghamaddhānaṃ, vaṇṇaṃ katvā subhāsubhaṃ,Alaṃ te tena pāpima, nihato tvamasi antaka –

长时轮回中，化作美丑之形。恶魔，你够了！死神(Antaka)啊，你已被击败。

Bhikkhunīsaṃyutta

比丘尼相应

Āḷavikāsutta

阿拉维迦经

Pucchā – idāni āvuso bhikkhunī saṃyuttaṃ pucchāmi, yaṃ tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa sāvikāhi therīhi attano

问：贤友，现在我问《比丘尼相应》，此乃那位世尊、阿罗汉、正等觉者的声闻弟子——长老比丘尼们，为阐明自身……

Ca [Pg.53] buddhasāsanassa ca yathābhūtaṃ guṇaṃ pakāsetvā bhāsitaṃ. Tatthāvuso paṭhamaṃ porāṇakehi mahākassapādīhi dhammasaṃgāhakehi theravarehi saṃgītaṃ āḷavikāsuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

……与佛陀教法的真实功德而说。于此，贤友，首先，由古代大迦叶(Mahākassapa)等法合集者、上座长老们所合诵的《阿拉维迦经》，是在何处、针对谁、于何事、由谁、以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante māraṃ pāpimantaṃ ārabbha āḷavikāya bhikkhuniyā bhāsitaṃ. Māro bhante pāpimā āḷavikāya bhikkhuniyā bhayaṃ chambhitattaṃ lomahaṃsaṃ uppādetukāmo vivekamhā cāvetukāmo āḷavikaṃ bhikkhuniṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi–

答：尊者，此乃于舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，由阿拉维迦比丘尼针对恶魔波旬而说。尊者，恶魔波旬欲令阿拉维迦比丘尼生起怖畏、惊骇与毛骨悚然，欲使她从独住中退转，便以偈颂对阿拉维迦比丘尼说：

‘‘Natthi nissaraṇaṃ loke, kiṃ vivekena kāhasi;

Bhuñjassa kāmaratiyo, māhu pacchānutāpinī’’ti.

“世间无出离，独住欲何为？当享诸欲乐，莫于日后悔。”

Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ–

尊者，于其事中——

‘‘Atthi nissaraṇaṃ loke, paññāya me suphussitaṃ;

Pamattabandhu pāpima, na tvaṃ jānāsi taṃ padaṃ;

Sattisūlūpamā kāmā, khandhāsaṃ adhikuṭṭanā;

Yaṃ tvaṃ kāmaratiṃ brūsi, arahi mayha sā ahū’’ti.

“世间有出离，我已以智慧善触。放逸者之友，恶魔啊，你不知彼。诸欲如矛槊，五蕴为刑具。汝所说欲乐，于我实无乐。”

Evaṃ kho bhante āḷavikāya bhikkhuniyā bhāsitaṃ.

尊者，阿拉维迦比丘尼即如是说。

Natthi [Pg.54] nissaraṇaṃ loke, kiṃ vivekena kāhasi;

Bhuñjassu kāmaratiyo, māhu pacchānutāpinī-hu–

世间无出离，独住欲何为？当享诸欲乐，莫于日后悔。

Atthi [Pg.55] nissaraṇaṃ loke, paññāya me suphussitaṃ;

Pamattabandhu pāpima, na tvaṃ jānāsi taṃ padaṃ.

世间有出离，我已以智慧善触。放逸者之友，恶魔啊，你不知彼。

Sattisūlūpamā kāmā, khandhāsaṃ adhikuṭṭanā;

Yaṃ tvaṃ kāmaratiṃ brūsi, arati mayha sā ahu–

诸欲如矛槊，五蕴为刑具。汝所说欲乐，于我实无乐。

Somāsutta

苏摩经

Pucchā – somāsuttaṃ [Pg.56] panāvuso kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，《苏摩经》是在哪里、关于谁、在什么事中、由谁以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃyeva bhante andhavane māraṃ pāpimantaṃ ārabbha somāya bhikkhuniyā bhāsitaṃ. Māro bhante pāpimā somāya bhikkhuniyā bhayaṃ chambhitattaṃ lomahaṃsaṃ uppādetukāmo samādhimhā cāvetukāmo somaṃ bhikkhuniṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi.

答：尊者，在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)的盲林(Andhavana)，这是关于恶魔波旬，由苏摩(Somā)比丘尼所说。尊者，恶魔波旬想要使苏摩比丘尼生起恐惧、惊慌、毛骨悚然，想要使她从禅定中退失，便以偈颂对苏摩比丘尼说道。

‘‘Yaṃ taṃ isīhi pattabbaṃ, ṭhānaṃ durabhisambhavaṃ;

Na taṃ dvaṅgulapaññāya, sakkā pappotumitthiyā’’ti.

“那为圣者所应达到、难以达到之境，女子以二指之慧是无法达到的。”

Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ–

尊者，在那件事中——

‘‘Itthibhāvo kiṃ kayirā, cittamhi susamāhite;

Ñāṇamhi vattamānamhi, sammā dhammaṃ vipassato;

Yassa nūna siyā evaṃ, itthāhaṃ purisoti vā;

Kiñci vā pana aññasmi, taṃ māro vattumarahatī’’ti.

“女身复何为？于心善等持，于智续生时，正观于法者。若人作此想：‘我为女或男’，或‘我是其他’，魔罗方可说。”

Evaṃ kho bhante somāya bhikkhuniyā ariyasāvikāya bhāsitaṃ.

尊者，圣弟子苏摩比丘尼就是这样说的。

Yaṃ [Pg.57] taṃ isīhi pattabbaṃ, ṭhānaṃ durabhisambhavaṃ;

Na taṃ dvaṅgulapaññāya, sakkā pappotumitthiyā–

那为圣者所应达到、难以达到之境，女子以二指之慧是无法达到的。

Itthi [Pg.58] bhāvo kiṃ kayirā, cittamhi susamāhite;

Ñāṇamhi vatta mānamhi, sammā dhammaṃ vipassato.

女身复何为？于心善等持，于智续生时，正观于法者。

Yassa nūna siyā evaṃ, itthāhaṃ purisoti vā;

Kiñci vā pana aññasmi, taṃ māro vattumarahati.

若人作此想：“我为女或男”，或“我是其他”，魔罗方可说。

Kisāgotamīsutta

瘦乔达弥经

Pucchā – tatthāvuso [Pg.59] kisāgotamīsuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，那《瘦乔达弥经》是在哪里、关于谁、在什么事中、由谁以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃyeva bhante andhavane māraṃ pāpimantaṃ ārabbha kisāgotamiyā bhikkhuniyā theriyā bhāsitaṃ. Māro bhante pāpimā kisāgotamiyā bhikkhuniyā bhayaṃ chambhitattaṃ lomahaṃsaṃ uppādetukāmo samādhimhā cāvetukāmo kisāgotamiṃ bhikkhuniṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi–

答：尊者，在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)的盲林(Andhavana)，这是关于恶魔波旬，由长老比丘尼瘦乔达弥(Kisāgotamī)所说。尊者，恶魔波旬想要使瘦乔达弥比丘尼生起恐惧、惊慌、毛骨悚然，想要使她从禅定中退失，便以偈颂对瘦乔达弥比丘尼说道：

‘‘Kiṃ nu tvaṃ mataputtāva, ekamāsi rudammukhī;

Vanamajjhagatā ekā, purisaṃ nu gavesasī’’ti.

“汝何故如丧子者，独坐泪满面？独自入于林深处，岂在寻觅男子汉？”

Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ–

尊者，在那件事中——

Accantaṃ mataputtāmhi, purisā ekadantikā;

Na socāmi na rodāmi, na taṃ bhāyāmi āvuso.

“我已完全越丧子，世间男子缘已尽；我不忧愁不哭泣，贤友，我亦不惧你。”

Sabbattha vihatā nandī, tamokkhandho padālito;

Jetvāna maccuno senaṃ, viharāmi anāsavā’’ti.

“贪喜遍摧毁，无明蕴已破；战胜死神军，我住于无漏。”

Evaṃ kho bhante kisāgotamiyā bhikkhuniyā bhāsitaṃ.

尊者，瘦乔达弥比丘尼就是这样说的。

Kiṃ [Pg.60] nu tvaṃ mataputtāva, ekamāsi rudammukhī;

Vanamajjhagatā ekā, purisaṃ nu gasesasi-hu–

你为何像丧子之人，独自一人，哭泣着脸；独自在林中，你在寻找男人吗？

Accantaṃ mataputtāmhi, purisā etadantikā;

Na socāmi na rodāmi, na taṃ bhāyāmi āvuso.

我已完全越丧子，世间男子缘已尽；我不忧愁不哭泣，贤友，我亦不惧你。

Sabbattha [Pg.61] vihatā nandī, tamokkhandho padālito;

Jetvāna maccuno senaṃ, viharāmi anāsavā.

贪喜遍摧毁，无明蕴已破；战胜死神军，我住于无漏。

Uppalavaṇṇāsutta

莲花色经

Pucchā – tatthāvuso porāṇehi saṃgītikāramahātheravarehi saṃgītaṃ uppalavaṇṇasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，古代结集法藏的诸大长老所共同诵唱的《莲花色经》，是在哪里、关于什么人、关于什么事、由谁以及如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃyeva bhante andhavane māraṃ pāpimantaṃ ārabbha uppalavaṇṇāya bhikkhuniyā bhāsitaṃ. Māro bhante pāpimā uppalavaṇṇāya bhikkhuniyā bhayaṃ chambhitattaṃ lomahaṃsaṃ uppādetukāmo samādhimhā cāvetukāmo uppalavaṇṇaṃ bhikkhuniṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi–

答复——尊者，就是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)的盲林(Andhavana)中，这是关于恶魔波旬(Māra Pāpimā)的，由莲花色(Uppalavaṇṇā)比丘尼所说。尊者，恶魔波旬想要在莲花色比丘尼身上生起恐惧、惊慌、毛骨悚然，想要使她从禅定中退转，便用偈颂对莲花色比丘尼说：

‘‘Supupphitaggaṃ [Pg.62] upagamma bhikkhuni, ekā tuvaṃ tiṭṭhasi sālamūle. Na catthi te dutiyā vaṇṇadhātu, bāle na tvaṃ bhāyasi dhuttakāna’’nti.

“比丘尼，你来到那繁花盛开的树顶下，独自站在娑罗树下。你没有第二个同伴，愚人啊，你不害怕那些恶棍吗？”

Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ–

尊者，在那件事中——

‘‘Sataṃ sahassānipi dhuttakānaṃ,Idhāgatā tādisakā bhaveyyuṃ;

Lomaṃ na iñjāmi na santasāmi,Na māra bhāyāmi tamekikāpi.

“纵然有十万恶棍，来到此处皆如是；我一毛不竖不惊恐，魔王，我独处亦不惧汝。

Esā antaradhāyāmi, kucchiṃ vā pavisāmi te;

Pakhumantarikāyampi, tiṭṭhantiṃ maṃ na dakkhasi.

我将隐身不见，或进入你的腹中；即便立于你眼睫之间，你也无法看见我。

Cittasmiṃ vasībhūtāmhi, iddhipādā subhāvitā;

Sabbabandhanamuttāmhi, na taṃ bhāyāmi āvuso’’ti.

我于心已得自在，神足已善修习；我已解脱一切束缚，贤友，我不怕你。”

Evaṃ kho bhante uppalavaṇṇāya bhikkhuniyā bhāsitaṃ.

尊者，莲花色比丘尼确实是这样说的。

Cālāsutta

查拉经

Pucchā – tatthāvuso [Pg.64] cālāsuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，《查拉经》是在哪里、关于谁、关于什么事、由谁以及如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante andhavane māraṃyeva pāpimantaṃ ārabbha cālāya bhikkhuniyā ariyasāvikāya bhāsitaṃ. Māro bhante pāpimā cālaṃ bhikkhuniṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca ‘‘kiṃ nu tvaṃ bhikkhuni na rocesī’’ti. Jātiṃ khvāhaṃ āvuso na rocemī’’ti.

答复——尊者，在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)的盲林(Andhavana)中，这是关于恶魔波旬的，由圣弟子查拉(Cālā)比丘尼所说。尊者，恶魔波旬走近查拉比丘尼，对她说了这番话：“比丘尼，你对什么不喜悦呢？”“贤友，我实不喜悦于‘生’。”

Kiṃ nu jātiṃ na rocesi, jāto kāmāni bhuñjati;

Ko nu taṃ idamādapayi, jātiṃ mā roca bhikkhunīti.

“为何不喜悦于生？生者享受诸欲乐；是谁教你这个道理：‘比丘尼，莫喜悦于生’？”

Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ–

尊者，在那件事中——

Jātassa maraṇaṃ hoti, jāto dukkhāni phussati;

Bandhaṃ vadhaṃ pariklesaṃ, tasmā jātiṃ na rocaye.

“生者必有死，生者触众苦，以及束缚、杀害、困恼；是故不喜生。

Buddho dhammamadesesi, jātiyā samatikkamaṃ;

Sabbadukkhappahānāya, so maṃ sacce nivesayi.

佛陀教导了超越生的法，为断尽一切苦，祂使我安住于真谛。

Ye ca rūpūpagā sattā, ye ca arūpaṭṭhāyino;

Nirodhaṃ appajānantā, āgantāro punabbhavanti.

那些投生色界的有情，以及安住于无色界的有情，因不知晓灭尽，将再次投生。”

Evaṃ kho bhante cālāya bhikkhuniyā bhāsitaṃ.

尊者，查拉比丘尼确实是这样说的。

Kiṃ [Pg.65] nu jātiṃ na rocesi, jāto kāmāni bhuñjati;

Ko nu taṃ idamādapayi, jātiṃ mā roca bhikkhunī.

“为何不喜悦于生？生者享受诸欲乐；是谁教你这个道理：‘比丘尼，莫喜悦于生’？”

Jātassa [Pg.66] maraṇaṃ hoti, jāto dukkhāni phussati;

Bandhaṃ vadhaṃ pariklesaṃ, tasmā jātiṃ na rocaye.

“生者必有死，生者触众苦，以及束缚、杀害、困恼；是故不喜生。

Buddho dhammamadesesi, jātiyā samatikkamaṃ,Sabbadukkhappahānāya, so maṃ sacce nivesayi.

佛陀教导了超越生的法，为断尽一切苦，祂使我安住于真谛。”

Selāsutta

塞拉经

Pucchā – tatthāvuso [Pg.67] selāsuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，塞拉经是在哪里，为了谁，关于什么事，由谁以什么方式说的？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante māraṃyeva pāpimantaṃ ārabbbha selāya bhikkhuniyā ariyasāvikāya bhāsitaṃ. Māro bhante pāpimā selāya bhikkhuniyā bhayaṃ chambhitattaṃ lomahaṃsaṃ uppādetukāmo samādhimhā cāvetukāmo selaṃ bhikkhuniṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi–

答：尊者，在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，这是关于恶魔波旬，由圣弟子塞拉(Selā)比丘尼所说。尊者，恶魔波旬想要使塞拉比丘尼生起恐惧、惊慌、毛骨悚然，想要使她从禅定中退转，便以偈颂对塞拉比丘尼说：

Kenidaṃ pakataṃ bimbaṃ, kvanu bimbassa kārako;

Kvanu bimbaṃ samuppannaṃ, kvanu bimbaṃ nirujjhatīti.

“此像由谁造，造者在何处？此像何处生，复于何处灭？”

Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ–

尊者，在那件事中——

Nayidaṃ attakataṃ bimbaṃ, nayidaṃ parakataṃ aghaṃ;

Hetuṃ paṭicca sambhūtaṃ, hetubhaṅgā nirujjhatīti.

“此像非自造，此患非他作；缘因而生起，因坏而息灭。”

Evamādinā bhante selāya bhikkhuniyā bhāsitaṃ.

尊者，塞拉比丘尼如是说等。

Kenidaṃ [Pg.68] pakataṃ bimbaṃ, kvanu bimbassa kārako;

Kvanu bimbaṃ samuppannaṃ, kvanu bimbaṃ nirujjhati-hu–

“此像由谁造，造者在何处？此像何处生，复于何处灭？”

Nayidaṃ attakataṃ bimbaṃ, nayidaṃ parakataṃ aghaṃ;

Hetuṃ paṭicca sambhūtaṃ, hetubhaṅgā nirujjhati.

“此像非自造，此患非他作；缘因而生起，因坏而息灭。”

Vajirāsutta

跋耆罗经

Pucchā – tatthāvuso [Pg.69] porāṇakehi mahākassapādīhi dhammasaṃgāhakatheravarehi saṃgītaṃ vajirāsuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，古代大迦叶(Mahākassapa)等结集法藏的上座长老们所共同诵唱的《跋耆罗经》，是在哪里、针对谁、由谁、以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante māraṃ pāpimantaṃ ārabbha vajirāya theriyā bhikkhuniyā bhāsitaṃ. Māro bhante pāpimā purimanayeneva vajiraṃ bhikkhuniṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi–

答：尊者，在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，由跋耆罗(Vajirā)长老比丘尼针对恶魔波旬所说。尊者，恶魔波旬像从前一样，以偈颂对跋耆罗比丘尼说道——

Kenāyaṃ [Pg.70] pakato satto, kuvaṃ sattassa kārako,Kuvaṃ satto samuppanno, kuvaṃ satto nirujjhatīti.

“此有情谁造，造者在何处？有情何处生，复于何处灭？”

Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ–

尊者，在那件事中——

Kiṃ nu sattoti paccesi, māradiṭṭhigataṃ nu te;

Suddhasaṅkhārapuñjoyaṃ, nayidha sattupalabbhati.

“魔罗，你为何执于‘众生’之见？这难道不是你的邪见吗？唯是纯粹诸行聚，于此众生不可得。

Yathā hi aṅgasambhārā, hoti saddo ratho iti;

Evaṃ khandhesu santesu, hoti sattoti sammuti.

譬如依部件组合，而有“车”之名；如是依诸蕴存在，而有“众生”之俗称。’

Dukkhameva hi sambhoti, dukkhaṃ tiṭṭhati veti ca,Nāññatra dukkhā sambhoti, nāññaṃ dukkhā nirujjhatīti.

“实唯有苦生，苦住与苦灭。离苦无物生，离苦无物灭。”

Evaṃ kho bhante vajirāya bhikkhuniyā bhāsitaṃ.

尊者，跋耆罗比丘尼是这样说的。

Kenāyaṃ pakato satto, kuvaṃ sattassakārako;

Kuvaṃ satto samuppanno, kuvaṃ satto nirujjhati-hu–

“此有情谁造，造者在何处？有情何处生，复于何处灭？”

Kiṃ [Pg.71] nu sattoti paccesi, māra diṭṭhigataṃ nu te;

Suddhasaṅkhārapuñjoyaṃ, nayidha sattupalabbhati.

“魔罗，你为何执于‘众生’之见？这难道不是你的邪见吗？唯是纯粹诸行聚，于此众生不可得。”

Brahmasaṃyutta

梵天相应

Gāravasutta

敬重经

Pucchā – brahmasaṃyutte [Pg.72] āvuso porāṇehi mahākassapatherādīhi dhammasaṃgāhakatheravarehi dutiyaṃ saṃgītaṃ gāravasuttaṃ kattha kathañca samuppannaṃ.

提问——贤友，于《梵天相应》中，由大迦叶(Mahākassapa)长老等古代结集法的上座长老们第二次结集的《敬重经》，是在何处、如何生起的？

Vissajjanā – uruvelāyaṃ bhante samuppannaṃ. Bhagavā bhante uruvelāyaṃ viharati najjā nerañjarāya tīre ajapālanigrodhamūle paṭhamābhisambuddho. Atha kho bhagavato rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi ‘‘dukkhaṃ kho agāravo viharati appatisso, kaṃ nu khvāhaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyya’’nti.

答复——尊者，此事发生于优楼频螺(Uruvelā)。尊者，世尊初成正觉，住于优楼频螺的尼连禅河(Nerañjarā)畔、阿迦巴喇榕树(Ajapālanigrodha)下。尔时，世尊独居静处，心中生起如此思惟：“无所崇敬、无所依止而住，实为是苦。我当恭敬、尊重哪位沙门或婆罗门，依止他而住呢？”

Atha kho bhante bhagavato etadahosi ‘‘aparipuṇṇassa kho sīlakkhandhassa pāripūriyā aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyuṃ, na kho panāhaṃ passāmi sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya attanā sīlasampannataraṃ aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā

那时，尊者，世尊心生此念：“为圆满未圆满之戒蕴，当恭敬、尊重、依止其他沙门或婆罗门而住。然我于此有天、有魔、有梵之世界，于有沙门婆罗门、天人之众生中，实不见有其他于戒比我更圆满之沙门或

Brāhmaṇaṃ [Pg.73] vā, yamahaṃ sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyuṃ.

婆罗门，能令我恭敬、尊重、依止而住者。

Aparipuṇṇassa kho samādhikkhandhassa;

Aparipuṇṇassa kho paññākkhandhassa;

Aparipuṇṇassa kho vimuttikkhandhassa.

于定蕴、慧蕴、解脱蕴，亦复如是。

Aparipuṇṇassa kho vimuttiñāṇadassanakkhandhassa pāripūriyā aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upaninissāya vihareyyaṃ. Na kho panāhaṃ passāmi sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya attanā vimuttiñāṇadassanasampannataraṃ aññaṃ samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā, yamahaṃ sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyyaṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ yvāyaṃ dhammo mayā abhisambuddho, tameva dhammaṃ sakkatvā garuṃ katvā upanissāya vihareyya’’nti. Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavato cetaso parivitakkavasena uppannaṃ.

为圆满未圆满之解脱知见蕴，我当恭敬、尊重、依止其他沙门或婆罗门而住。然我于此有天、有魔、有梵之世界，于有沙门婆罗门、天人之众生中，实不见有其他于解脱知见比我更圆满之沙门或婆罗门，能令我恭敬、尊重、依止而住者。我何不恭敬、尊重、依止于我所正觉之法而住？”尊者，此乃世尊心中所生之思惟。

Ye [Pg.75] ca atītā sambuddhā, ye ca buddhā anāgatā;

Yo cetarahi sambuddho, bahūnaṃ sokanāsano;

Sabbe saddhammagaruno, vihaṃsu viharanti ca;

Tathāpi viharissanti, esā buddhāna dhammatā.

所有过去的诸佛，所有未来的诸佛，以及现在这位能灭除众生忧苦的正等觉者；他们都恭敬正法，过去曾如此安住，现在也如此安住；未来也将如此安住，这是诸佛的法性。

Tasmā hi attakāmena, mahattamabhikaṅkhatā;

Saddhammo garukātabbo, saraṃ buddhāna sāsanaṃ.

因此，若欲自利、希求伟大成就者，当恭敬正法，忆念诸佛的教法。

Aññaratabrahmasutta

某梵天经

Pucchā- tatthāvuso [Pg.76] porāṇakehi mahākassapādīhi dhammasaṃgāhakatheravarehi paṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ aññatarabrahmasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

请问——贤友，由大迦叶(Mahākassapa)等古代结集法的上座长老们第一次结集的《某梵天经》，是在哪里、缘于谁、关于什么事、由谁并以何方式所说？

Vissajjanā – brahmaloke bhante aññataraṃ brahmānaṃ ārabbha āyasmatā mahāmoggallānattherena bhāsitaṃ. Aññatarassa bhante brahmuno evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ hoti ‘‘natthi so samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā, yo idha āgaccheyyā’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ–

回答——尊者，是在梵天界，缘于某位梵天，由具寿大目犍连(Mahāmoggallāna)长老所说。尊者，某位梵天生起了如此的恶见：“没有沙门或婆罗门能来到这里。”尊者，关于那件事——

Ajjāpi te āvuso sā diṭṭhi, yā te diṭṭhi pure ahu;

Passasi vītivattantaṃ, brahmaloke pabhassaranti;

Evaṃ kho bhante āyasmatā mahāmoggallānattherena bhāsitaṃ.

贤友，你如今还有那先前有的见解吗？你看见在梵天界中，光芒被超越了吗？尊者，具寿大目犍连长老就是这样说的。

Ajjāpi [Pg.78] te āvuso sā diṭṭhi, yā te diṭṭhi pure ahu;

Passasi vītivattanta, brahmaloke pabhassaraṃ-hu–

贤友，你如今还有那先前有的见解吗？你看见在梵天界中，光芒被超越了吗？

Na me mārisa sā diṭṭhi, yā me diṭṭhi pure ahu;

Passāmi vītivattantaṃ, brahmaloke pabhassaraṃ;

Svāhaṃ ajja kathaṃ vajjaṃ, ahaṃ niccomhi sassato hu–

贤友，我已没有那先前有的见解了；我看见在梵天界中，光芒被超越了。我今天怎能说：“我是常的、恒的”呢？

Tevijjā [Pg.79] iddhipattā ca, cetopariyāya kovidā;

Khīṇāsavā arahanto, bahū buddhassa sāvakā-hu–

具三明者、得神通者、善知他心者，漏尽阿罗汉，佛陀的声闻弟子众多。

Aruṇavatīsutta

阿鲁那瓦提经

Pucchā – tatthāvuso [Pg.80] aruṇavatīsuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

请问——贤友，世尊是在哪里、缘于谁、并以何方式宣说了《阿鲁那瓦提经》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘bhūtapubbaṃ bhikkhave rājā ahosi aruṇavā nāma. Rañño kho pana bhikkhave aruṇavato aruṇavatī nāma rājadhānī ahosī’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā aruṇavatī suttaṃ bhāsitaṃ.

回答——尊者，在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，世尊缘于众多比丘，以“诸比丘，往昔曾有一位国王，名为阿鲁那(Aruṇavā)。诸比丘，阿鲁那王的王都，名为阿鲁那瓦提(Aruṇavatī)。”等开篇，宣说了《阿鲁那瓦提经》。

Ārambhatha [Pg.83] nikkamatha, yuñjatha buddhasāsane;

Dhunātha maccuno senaṃ, naḷāgāraṃva kuñjaro;

Yo imasmiṃ dhammavinaye, appamatto vihassati;

Pahāya jāti saṃsāraṃ, dukkhassantaṃ karissati-hu–

你们当奋起、出离，致力于佛陀的教法！你们当摧破死魔军，如象摧毁芦苇屋。于此法律中，谁能不放逸而住，谁就能舍弃生死轮回，将苦蕴灭尽。

Brāhmaṇasaṃyutta

婆罗门相应

Dhanañjānīsutta

檀那阇尼经

Pucchā – brāhmaṇasaṃyutte [Pg.84] āvuso paṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ dhanañjānīsuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

请问——贤友，在《婆罗门相应》中，第一次结集的《檀那阇尼经》，是世尊在哪里、缘于谁、关于什么事、并以何方式所说？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante bhāradvājagottaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Bhāradvājagotto bhante brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā gāthāya ajjhabhāsi.

回答——尊者，此经是在王舍城(Rājagaha)，缘于一位巴罗多迦(Bhāradvāja)族的婆罗门而说。尊者，那位巴罗多迦族的婆罗门去到世尊那里，以偈颂问道：

‘‘Kiṃ su chetvā sukhaṃ seti,Kiṃ su chetvā na socati;

Kissassu ekadhammassa,Vadhaṃ rocesi gotamā’’ti–

“斩断何物得安乐眠，斩断何物无有忧愁？乔达摩，你悦可哪一法的杀戮？”

Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ–

尊者，关于那件事——

‘‘Kodhaṃ chetvā sukhaṃ seti;

Kodhaṃ chetvā na socati;

Kodhassa visamūlassa,Madhuraggassa brāhmaṇa;

Vadhaṃ ariyā pasaṃsanti,Tañhi chetvā na socatī’’ti;

“斩断忿怒得安乐眠，斩断忿怒无有忧愁。婆罗门，忿怒是毒根蜜顶，圣者们赞叹将其杀戮，斩断它后实无忧愁。”

Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

尊者，世尊就是这样说的。

Kiṃ [Pg.86] su chetvā sukhaṃseti, kiṃ su chetvā na socati;

Kissassu ekadhammassa, vadhaṃ rocesi gotama–

“斩断何物得安乐眠，斩断何物无有忧愁？乔达摩，你悦可哪一法的杀戮？”

Pucchā – imañca [Pg.87] panāvuso dhammadesanaṃ sutvā bhāradvājagotto brāhmaṇo imasmiṃ dhammavinaye pasanno kīdisaṃ pasannākāramakāsi, kīvattakañca atthaṃ sampādesi.

请问——贤友，听闻此说法后，那位巴罗多迦族的婆罗门于此法律中生起净信，他显现了何种净信之相，又成就了多大的义利？

Vissajjanā – imañca pana bhante dhammadesanaṃ sutvā bhāradvājagotto brāhmaṇo ‘‘abhikkantaṃ bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ bho gotama, seyyathāpi bho gotama nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’’ti evamādinā bhante imasmiṃ dhammavinaye pasanno pasannākāramakāsi. Imañca pana bhante dhammadesanaṃ sutvā bhāradvājagotto brāhmaṇo bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ upasampadaṃ yācitvā acirūpasampanno yāva arahattaṃ sampādesi.

回答——尊者，听闻此说法后，那位巴罗多迦族的婆罗门以“绝妙啊，乔达摩先生！绝妙啊，乔达摩先生！犹如扶正倒下之物，或揭开遮蔽之物，或为迷路者指示道路，或于暗中持油灯，令有眼者得见色。”等语，于此法律中生起净信，显现了净信之相。尊者，听闻此说法后，那位巴罗多迦族的婆罗门在世尊处请求出家、受具足戒，受具足戒后不久，便证得了阿罗汉位。

Akkosasutta

诃骂经

Pucchā – akkosakabhāradvājasuttaṃ [Pg.88] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，世尊是在何处、针对何人、关于何事，以及如何宣说《诃骂巴罗多迦经》的？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante akkosakabhāradvājaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Akkosakabhāradvājo bhante brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā asabbhāhi pharusāhi vācāhi bhagavantaṃ akkosati paribhāsati. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññasi brāhmaṇa, api nukho te āgacchanti mittāmaccā [Pg.89] ñātisālohitā atitiyo’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

回答——尊者，此经是在王舍城(Rājagaha)，针对诃骂者巴罗多迦(Akkosakabhāradvāja)婆罗门而说。尊者，诃骂者巴罗多迦婆罗门去拜访世尊，用不善、粗恶的言语辱骂、毁谤世尊。尊者，在那件事上，世尊说了这样的话：“婆罗门，你认为如何？你的朋友、同伴、亲戚、族人、客人会来拜访你吗？”等等。

Akkodhassa [Pg.91] kuto kodho,Dantassa samajīvino;

Sammadaññā vimuttassa,Upasantassa tādino.

无嗔者何来嗔，已调御者平稳住；依正智而得解脱，寂静的如是之人。

Tasseva [Pg.92] tena pāpiyo,Yo kuddhaṃ paṭikujjhati;

Kuddhaṃ appaṭikujjhanto,Saṅgāmaṃ jeti dujjayaṃ.

以怒还怒者，他因此更糟；不以怒还怒，能胜难胜之战。

Ubhinnamatthaṃ carati,Attano ca parassa ca;

Paraṃ saṅkupitaṃ ñatvā,Yo sato upasammati.

了知他人已愤怒，自己保持正念而平息，此人行自他双方之利。

Ubhinnaṃ tikicchantānaṃ,Attano ca parassa ca;

Janā maññanti bāloti,Ye dhammassa akovidā.

疗治自他双方者，不通达法之人，认为他是个愚人。

Pucchā – imañca [Pg.93] panāvuso dhammadesanaṃ sutvā akkosakabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo imasmiṃ dhammavinaye pasanno kīdisaṃ pasannākāramakāsi. Kīvattakañca atthaṃ sampādesi.

提问——贤友，听闻此说法后，那位诃骂者巴罗多迦婆罗门于此法与律生起净信，他展现了何种净信之相，又成就了多大的义利？

Vissajjanā – imañca pana bhante dhammadesanaṃ sutvā akkosakabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo ‘‘abhikkantaṃ bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ bho gotamā’’ti evamādinā imasmiṃ dhammavinaye pasanno pasannākāramakāsi. Yāva arahattā ca pana mahantaṃ atthaṃ sampādesi.

回答——尊者，听闻此说法后，那位诃骂者巴罗多迦婆罗门说道：“绝妙啊，乔达摩(Gotama)先生！绝妙啊，乔达摩先生！”他以此等方式，于此法与律生起净信，展现了净信之相。并且，他成就了巨大的义利，乃至证得阿罗汉果。

Bahudhītarasutta

多女经

Pucchā – tenāvuso [Pg.95] bhagavatā jānatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena brāhmaṇasaṃyutte bahudhītarasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，那位世尊、知者……正自觉者，在《婆罗门相应》(Brāhmaṇasaṃyutta)的《多女经》中，是在何处、针对何人、关于何事，以及如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – kosalesu bhante aññatarasmiṃ vanasaṇḍe aññataraṃ bhāradvājagottaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Aññataro bhante bhāradvājagotto brāhmaṇo goṇe naṭṭhe pariyesanto bhagavato santike imā gāthāyo abhāsi.

回答——尊者，在憍萨罗(Kosala)国的一处丛林里，此经是针对某位巴罗多迦(Bhāradvāja)种姓的婆罗门而说。尊者，某位巴罗多迦种姓的婆罗门在寻找丢失的牛时，来到世尊面前，说了这些偈颂：

‘‘Na hi nūnimassa samaṇassa, balībaddā catuddasa;

Ajjasaṭṭhiṃ na dissanti, tenāyaṃ samaṇo sukhī;

Na hi nūnimassa samaṇassa, tilākhettasmi pāpakā;

Ekapaṇṇā dupaṇṇā ca, tenāyaṃ samaṇo sukhī.

“想必此沙门，无十四公牛，今日不见六十头，故此沙门乐悠悠。想必此沙门，芝麻田无恶苗，一叶二叶皆无有，故此沙门乐悠悠。”

(Peyyāla)

（中略）

Na hi nūnimassa samaṇassa, paccūsamhi iṇāyikā;

Detha dethāti codenti, tenāyaṃ samaṇo sukhī’’ti.

“想必此沙门清晨没有债主，来催促说‘给！给！’，故此沙门是快乐的。”

Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ–

尊者，在那件事上——

Na hi mayhaṃ brāhmaṇa, balībaddā catuddasa;

Ajjasaṭṭhiṃ na dissanti, tenāhaṃ brāhmaṇā sukhī;

Na hi mayhaṃ brāhmaṇa, tilākhettasmi pāpakā;

Ekapaṇṇā dupaṇṇā ca, tenāhaṃ brāhmaṇā sukhī.

“婆罗门，我无十四公牛，今日不见六十头，故我快乐，婆罗门。婆罗门，我无芝麻田恶苗，一叶二叶皆无有，故我快乐，婆罗门。”

(Peyyāla)

（中略）

Na hi mayhaṃ brāhmaṇa, paccūsamhi iṇāyikā;

Detha dethāti codenti, tenāhaṃ brāhmaṇā sukhīti.

“婆罗门，我清晨没有债主，来催促说‘给！给！’，故我快乐，婆罗门。”

Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

尊者，世尊就是这样说的。

(1)

(1)

Na [Pg.96] hi nūnimassa samaṇassa, balībaddā catuddasa;

Ajjasaṭṭhiṃ na dissanti, tenāhaṃ samaṇo sukhī.

“想必此沙门无十四公牛，今日不见六十头，故我沙门乐无忧。”

(2)

(2)

Na hi nūnimassa samaṇassa, tilākhettasmi pāpakā;

Ekapaṇṇā dupaṇṇā ca, tenāyaṃ samaṇo sukhī.

“想必此沙门，芝麻田无恶苗，一叶二叶皆无有，故此沙门乐悠悠。”

(3)

(3)

Na [Pg.97] hi nūnimassa samaṇassa, tucchakoṭṭhasmi mūsikā;

Ussoḷhikāya naccanti, tenāyaṃ samaṇo sukhī.

“想必此沙门，空仓之中老鼠放肆地跳舞，故此沙门是快乐的。”

(4)

(4)

Na hi nūnimassa samaṇassa, santhāro sattamāsiko;

Uppāṭakehi sañchanno, tenāyaṃ samaṇo sukhī.

“想必此沙门没有铺了七个月、长满臭虫的床垫，故此沙门是快乐的。”

(5)

(5)

Na hi nūnimassa samaṇassa, vidhavā satta dhītaro;

Ekaputtā duputtā ca, tenāyaṃ samaṇo sukhī.

“想必此沙门没有七个寡妇女儿，或一子或二子，故此沙门是快乐的。”

(6)

(6)

Na [Pg.98] hi nūnimassa samaṇassa, piṅgalā tilakāhatā;

Sottaṃ pādena bodheti, tenāyaṃ samaṇo sukhī.

“想必此沙门没有一只黄狗，用脚把他从睡梦中弄醒，故此沙门是快乐的。”

(7)

(7)

Na hi nūnimassa samaṇassa, paccūsami iṇāyikā;

Detha dethāti codenti, tenāyaṃ samaṇo sukhī.

“想必此沙门清晨没有债主，来催促说‘给！给！’，故此沙门是快乐的。”

(1)

(1)

Na [Pg.99] hi mayhaṃ brāhmaṇa, balībaddā catuddasa;

Ajjasaṭṭhiṃ na dissanti, tenāhaṃ brāhmaṇā sukhī.

“婆罗门，我无十四公牛，今日不见六十头，故我快乐，婆罗门。”

(2)

(2)

Na hi mayhaṃ brāhmaṇa, tilākhettasmi pāpakā;

Ekapaṇṇā dupaṇṇā ca, tenāhaṃ brāhmaṇā sukhī.

“婆罗门，我无芝麻田恶苗，一叶二叶皆无有，故我快乐，婆罗门。”

(3)

(3)

Na hi mayhaṃ brāhmaṇa, tucchakoṭṭhasmi mūsikā;

Ussoḷhīkāya naccanti, tenāhaṃ brāhmaṇā sukhī.

“婆罗门，我无老鼠在空仓中放肆地跳舞，故我快乐，婆罗门。”

(4)

(4)

Na hi mayhaṃ brāhmaṇa, santhāro sattamāsiko;

Uppāṭakehi sañchanno, tenāhaṃ brāhmaṇā sukhī.

婆罗门，我没有用了七个月而布满臭虫的铺垫；因此，婆罗门，我很快乐。

(5)

(5)

Na [Pg.100] hi mayhaṃ brāhmaṇa, vidhavā satta dhītaro;

Ekaputtā duputtā ca, tenāhaṃ brāhmaṇā sukhī.

婆罗门，我没有七个寡妇女儿，她们有的一个儿子，有的两个儿子；因此，婆罗门，我很快乐。

(6)

(6)

Na hi mayhaṃ brāhmaṇa, piṅgalā tilakāhatā;

Sottaṃ pādena bodheti, tenāhaṃ brāhmaṇā sukhī.

婆罗门，我没有一个用脚把我踢醒的、凶悍唠叨的妻子；因此，婆罗门，我很快乐。

(7)

(7)

Na hi mayhaṃ brāhmaṇa, paccūsamhi iṇāyikā;

Detha dethāti codenti, tenāhaṃ brāhmaṇā sukhī.

婆罗门，我没有债主在黎明时催促说：“还钱！还钱！”；因此，婆罗门，我很快乐。

Pucchā – imañca [Pg.101] panāvuso dhammadesanaṃ sutvā so bhāradvājagotto brāhmaṇo imasmiṃ dhammavinaye pasanno kīdisaṃ pasannākāramakāsi. Kīva mahantañca imasmiṃ dhammavinaye atthaṃ sampādesi.

问：贤友，听闻此法说后，那位巴罗多迦种姓的婆罗门，于此法与律中生起净信，他展现了怎样的净信之相？又在此法与律中，他成就了多大的利益？

Vissajjanā – imañca pana bhante dhammadesanaṃ sutvā so bhāradvājagotto brāhmaṇo ‘‘abhikkantaṃ bho gotama abhikkantaṃ bho gotama, seyyathāpi bhogotama, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya, cakkhumanto rūpāni dukkhantī’’ti evamādinā imasmi dhammavinaye pasanno pasannākāramakāsi. Bhagavato ca santike ‘‘labheyyāhaṃ bhoto gotamassa santike pabbajaṃ, labheyyaṃ upasampada’’nti evamādinā pabbajjaṃ upasampadaṃ yācitvā acirūpasampanno yāva arahattā mahantaṃ visesaṃ sampādesi.

答：尊者，听闻此法说后，那位巴罗多迦种姓的婆罗门说：“好极了，乔达摩！好极了，乔达摩！犹如扶正倒下之物，或揭开遮蔽之物，或为迷路者指示道路，或在黑暗中持油灯，使有眼者能看见色。”他以这样的话语，于此法与律中生起净信，展现了净信之相。他在世尊面前请求：“愿我得以在尊者乔达摩座下出家，愿我得受具足戒。”像这样请求出家与受具足戒后，他受具足戒不久，便成就了直至阿罗汉果的巨大殊胜。

Kasibhāradvājasutta

耕者巴罗多迦经

Pucchā – tatthāvuso [Pg.104] ekādasamaṃ mahākassapādīhi porāṇadhammasaṃgāhakatherehi saṃgītaṃ kasibhāradvājasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，关于第十一经，即由大迦叶等结集古法的长老们所结诵的《耕者巴罗多迦经》，是世尊在何处、针对何人、因何事、以何方式宣说的？

Vissajjanā – magadhesu bhante dakkhiṇāgirismiṃ ekanāḷāyaṃ brāhmaṇagāme kasibhāradvājaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Kasibhāradvājo bhante brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi.

答：尊者，此经是在摩揭陀国的南山，一那罗婆罗门村，针对耕者巴罗多迦婆罗门而说。尊者，耕者巴罗多迦婆罗门以偈颂对世尊说。

‘‘Kassako [Pg.105] paṭijānāsi, na ca passāmi te kasiṃ. Kassako pucchito brūhi, kathaṃ jānemu taṃ kasi’’nti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ–

“你自称是农夫，但我未见你耕作。农夫，你既被问，请说，我们如何能知你的耕作？”尊者，关于此事—

‘‘Saddhā bījaṃ tapo vuṭṭhi, paññā me yuganaṅgalaṃ;

Hirī īsā mano yottaṃ, sati me phālapācanaṃ.

信为种子，苦行为雨水，智慧是我的轭与犁；惭为犁杆，意为缰绳，念是我的犁头与刺棒。

Kāyagutto vacīgutto, āhāre udare yato;

Saccaṃ karomi niddānaṃ, soraccaṃ me pamocanaṃ.

身已守护，语已守护，于腹中饮食有节制；我以真实作除草，柔和是我的解脱。

Vīriyaṃ me dhuradhorayhaṃ, yogakkhemādhivāhanaṃ;

Gacchati anivattantaṃ, yattha gantvā na socati.

精进是我的负轭牲畜，载我至瑜伽安稳处。它前行而不退转，去到彼处则无忧。

Evamesā kasī kaṭṭhā, sā hoti amatapphalā;

Etaṃ kasiṃ kasitvāna, sabbadukkhā pamuccatī’’ti.

如是此耕作已成，它结出不死之果。耕作了此番耕耘，便从一切苦中解脱。

Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

尊者，世尊是这样说的。

Kassako [Pg.106] paṭijānāsi, na ca passāmi te kasiṃ;

Kassako pucchito brūhi, kathaṃ jānemu taṃ kasiṃ.

你自称是农夫，但我未见你耕作。农夫，你既被问，请说，我们如何能知你的耕作？

Saddhā [Pg.107] bījaṃ tapo vuṭṭhi, paññā me yuganaṅgalaṃ;

Hirī īsā mano yottaṃ, sati me phālapācanaṃ.

信为种子，苦行为雨水，智慧是我的轭与犁；惭为犁杆，意为缰绳，念是我的犁头与刺棒。

Pucchā – imañca [Pg.109] panāvuso dhammadesanaṃ sutvā so kasibhāradvājo brāhmaṇo imasmiṃ dhammavinaye pasanno kīdisaṃ pasannākāramakāsi.

问：贤友，听闻此法说后，那位耕者巴罗多迦婆罗门，于此法与律中生起净信，他展现了怎样的净信之相？

Vissajjanā – imañca pana bhante dhammadesanaṃ sutvā kasibhāradvājo brāhmaṇo ‘‘abhikkantaṃ bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ bho gotamā’’tievamādinā imasmiṃ dhammavinaye pasanno pasannākāramakāsi.

答：尊者，听闻此法说后，耕者巴罗多迦婆罗门说：“好极了，乔达摩！好极了，乔达摩！”他以这样的话语，于此法与律中生起净信，展现了净信之相。

Seyyathāpi bho gotama ukkujjitaṃ vā nikkujjeyya.

犹如，乔达摩，将倒下之物扶正。

Udayasutta

优陀夷经

Pucchā – udayasuttaṃ [Pg.110] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊所说的《优陀夷经》，是在何处、针对何人、因何事、以何方式宣说的？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante udayaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Udayo bhante brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘pakaṭṭhakoyaṃ samaṇo gotamo punappunaṃ āgacchatī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ–

答：尊者，此经是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对优陀夷(Udaya)婆罗门而说。尊者，优陀夷婆罗门对世尊说了这话：“这位沙门乔达摩是个纠缠不休的人，他一再前来。”尊者，关于此事——

Punappunañceva vapanti bījaṃ, punappunaṃ vassati devarājā;

Punappunaṃ khettaṃ kasanti kassakā, punappunaṃ dhaññamupeti raṭṭhaṃ.

农夫一再播撒种子，天王一再降下雨水；农夫一再耕耘田地，国土一再获得谷物。

Evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

尊者，世尊说了以此为开头的偈颂。

Punappunaṃ [Pg.111] ceva vapanti bījaṃ, punappunaṃ vassati deva rājā;

Punappunaṃ khettaṃ kasanti kassakā, punappunaṃ dhaññamupeti raṭṭhaṃ.

农夫一再播撒种子，天王一再降下雨水；农夫一再耕耘田地，国土一再获得谷物。

Punappunaṃ [Pg.112] yācakā yācayanti, punappunaṃ dānapatī dadanti;

Punappunaṃ dānapatī daditvā, punappunaṃ saggamupeti ṭhānaṃ.

乞求者一再乞求，布施主一再布施；布施主一再布施后，一再趣向天界。

Punappunaṃ khīranikā duhanti, punappunaṃ vaccho upeti mātaraṃ;

Punappunaṃ kilamati phandati ca, punappunaṃ gabbhamupeti mando.

挤奶者一再挤奶，牛犊一再走向母亲；一再疲惫与颤抖，愚人一再进入母胎。

Punappunaṃ jāyati mīyati ca, punappunaṃ sivathikaṃ haranti;

Maggañca laddhā apunabbhavāya, na punappunaṃ jāyati bhūripañño-hu–

一再出生与死亡，一再被抬到墓地；但已得不再生之道，广慧者不再出生。

Mātuposakasutta

供养父母经

Pucchā – mātuposakasuttaṃ [Pg.113] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊所说的《供养父母经》，是在何处、针对何人、因何事、以何方式宣说的？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante mātuposakaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Mātuposako bhante brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ahañhi bho gotama dhammena bhikkhaṃ pariyesāmi, dhammena bhikkhaṃ pariyesitvā mātāpitaro posemi, kaccāhaṃ bho gotama evaṃkārī kiccakārī homī’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘taggha tvaṃ brāhmaṇa evaṃkārī kiccakārī hosi, yo kho brāhmaṇa dhammena bhikkhaṃ pariyesati, dhammena bhikkhaṃ pariyesitvā mātāpitaro poseti, bahuṃ so puññaṃ pasavatī’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitā.

答：尊者，此经是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对供养母亲的婆罗门(Mātuposaka Brāhmaṇa)而说。尊者，那位供养母亲的婆罗门对世尊说了这话：“贤者乔达摩，我如法乞食，如法乞食后供养父母。贤者乔达摩，我这样做算是尽责吗？”尊者，关于此事，世尊说了：“诚然，婆罗门，你这样做是尽责的。婆罗门，凡是如法乞食，如法乞食后供养父母者，他能产生许多福德。”尊者，世尊说了以此为开头的偈颂。

Yo [Pg.114] mātaraṃ vā pitaraṃ vā, macco dhammena posati;

Tāya naṃ pāricariyāya, mātāpitūsu paṇḍitā;

Idheva naṃ pasaṃsanti, pecca sagge pamodati–

凡人如法供养父母，因其对父母的奉事，智者于此世赞扬他，他死后在天界欢喜。

Khomadussasutta

拘摩突经

Pucchā – tenāvuso [Pg.115] bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena brāhmaṇasaṃyutte khomadussasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊……乃至……正等觉者在《婆罗门相应》的《拘摩突经》中，是在哪里、为了谁、于什么事、以什么方式而说？

Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante khomadusse nāma sakyānaṃ nigame khomadussake brāhmaṇagahapatike ārabbha bhāsita, khomadussakā bhante brāhmaṇagahapatikā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ ‘‘ke ca muṇḍakā samaṇakā, ke ca sabhādhammaṃ jānissantī’’ti.

答：尊者，在释迦族一个名叫拘摩突的城镇，为了拘摩突的婆罗门、居士们而说。尊者，拘摩突的婆罗门、居士们对世尊说了这话：“这些剃头的小沙门算什么，他们怎么会知道议会之法呢？”

Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ–

尊者，关于那件事——

‘‘Nesā sabhā yattha na santi santo,Santo na te ye na vadanti dhammaṃ;

Rāgañca dosañca pahāya mohaṃ,Dhammaṃ vadantā ca bhavanti santo’’ti.

无善士处非集会，不说正法非善士；舍离贪欲与瞋恚、愚痴，说正法者方为善士。

Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

尊者，世尊是这样说的。

Nesā [Pg.116] sabhā yattha nasanti santo,Santo na te ye na vadanti dhammaṃ;

Rāgañca dosañca pahāya mohaṃ,Dhammaṃ vadantā ca bhavanti santo–

无善士处非集会，不说正法非善士；舍离贪欲与瞋恚、愚痴，说正法者方为善士。

Vaṅgīsasaṃyutta

婆耆舍相应

Ānandasutta

阿难经

Pucchā – vaṅgīsasaṃyutte [Pg.117] panāvuso catutthaṃ saṃṅgītaṃ ānandasuttaṃ katthakaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，在《婆耆舍相应》中，第四次结集的《阿难经》是在哪里、为了谁、于什么事、由谁、以什么方式而说？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ vaṅgīsattheraṃ ārabbha āyasmatā ānandattherena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmatā bhante vaṅgīso āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi–

答：尊者，在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，为了具寿婆耆舍长老，由法藏主具寿阿难长老所说。尊者，具寿婆耆舍以偈颂对具寿阿难说：

‘‘Kāmarāgena ḍayhāmi, cittaṃ me pariḍayhati;

Sādhu nibbāpanaṃ brūhi, anukampāya gotamā’’ti.

我为欲贪所焚烧，我心亦被燃灼；善哉，乔达摩，请慈悲为我说熄灭法。

Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ–

尊者，关于那件事——

‘‘Saññāya vipariyesā, cittaṃ te pariḍayhati;

Nimittaṃ parivajjehi, subhaṃ rāgūpasaṃhitaṃ;

Saṅkhāre parato passa, dukkhato mā ca attato;

Nibbāpehi mahārāgaṃ, mā ḍayhittho punappunaṃ;

Asubhāya cittaṃ bhāvehi, ekaggaṃ susamāhitaṃ;

Sati kāyagatā tyatthu, nibbidābahulo bhava;

Animittañca bhāvehi, mānānusayamujjaha;

Tato mānābhisamayā, upasanto carissasī’’ti.

由想颠倒故，汝心被燃灼；当远离净相，彼与贪欲合。观诸行为他，是苦亦非我；熄灭大贪欲，勿令再再燃。于不净修心，一境善等持；身至念应立，多住于厌离。亦当修无相，舍弃慢随眠；由彻知我慢，寂静而游行。

Evaṃ kho bhante āyasmatā ānandattherena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena bhāsitaṃ.

尊者，法藏主具寿阿难长老是这样说的。

Kāmarāgena [Pg.118] ḍayhāmi, cittaṃ me pariḍayhati;

Sādhu nibbāpanaṃ brūhi, anukampāya gotama–

我为欲贪所焚烧，我心亦被燃灼；善哉，乔达摩，请慈悲为我说熄灭法。

Saññāya [Pg.119] vipariyesā, cittaṃ te pariḍayhati;

Nimittaṃ parivajjehi, subhaṃ rāgūpasaṃhitaṃ.

由想颠倒故，汝心被燃灼；当远离净相，彼与贪欲合。

Saṅkhāre paratopassa, dukkhato mā ca attato;

Nibbāpehi mahārāgaṃ, mā ḍayhittho punappunaṃ.

观诸行为他，是苦亦非我；熄灭大贪欲，勿令再再燃。

Asubhāya cittaṃ bhāvehi, ekaggaṃ susamāhitaṃ;

Sati kāyagatā tyatthu, nibbidābahulo bhava.

于不净修心，一境善等持；身至念应立，多住于厌离。

Animittañca [Pg.120] bhāvehi, mānānusayamujjaha;

Tato mānābhisamayā, upasanto carissasi.

亦当修无相，舍弃慢随眠；由彻知我慢，寂静而游行。

Vaṅgīsasutta

婆耆舍经

Pucchā – tattha āvuso dvādasamaṃ vaṅgīsasuttaṃ kattha kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，那第十二《婆耆舍经》是在哪里、由谁以及以什么方式宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmatā vaṅgīsattherena acira arahattappattena vimuttisukhapaṭisaṃvedinā–

答：尊者，这是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，由具寿婆耆舍(Vaṅgīsa)长老所说，他刚证得阿罗汉果，正感受着解脱之乐：

‘‘Kāveyyamattā vicarimha pubbe, gāmāgāmaṃ purāpuraṃ,Athaddasāma sambuddhaṃ, saddhā no upapajjatha;

So me dhamma madesesi, khandhāyatana dhātuyo;

Tassāhaṃ dhammaṃ sutvāna, pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ;

Bahunnaṃ vata atthāya, bodhiṃ ajjhagamā muni;

Bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhūnīnañca, ye niyāmagataddasā;

Svāgataṃ [Pg.121] vata me āsi, mama buddhassa santike;

Tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsanaṃ;

Pubbe nivāsaṃ jānāmi, dibbacakkhuṃ visodhitaṃ;

Tevijjo iddhipattomhi, cetopariyāya kovido.

往昔沉醉于诗艺，村村城城我漫游；后我得见正觉者，于彼净信油然生。彼为我开示正法：蕴、处以及诸界。我闻彼之正法后，出家而入无家。为利众多有情故，牟尼证得了菩提，为诸比丘、比丘尼，及见正道之行者。我来佛陀之跟前，对我实为善来哉！三明我已然证得，佛陀教法我已行。我知宿住天眼净，我得三明与神通，亦善了知他人心。

Evaṃ kho bhante udānavasena bhāsitaṃ.

尊者，这是以自说语的形式所说。

Kāveyya [Pg.124] mattā vicarimha pubbe;

Gāmāgāmaṃpurāpuraṃ,Athaddasāma sambuddhaṃ, saddhā no upapajjatha.

往昔沉醉于诗艺，村村城城我漫游；后我得见正觉者，于彼净信油然生。

So [Pg.125] me dhammamadesesi, khandhāyatana dhātuyo;

Tassāhaṃ dhammaṃ sutvāna, pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ.

彼为我开示正法：蕴、处以及诸界。我闻彼之正法后，出家而入无家。

Bahunnaṃ vata atthāya, bodhiṃ ajjhagamā muni;

Bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunī nañca, ye niyāmagataddasā.

为利众多有情故，牟尼证得了菩提，为诸比丘、比丘尼，及见正道之行者。

Svāgataṃ vata me āsi, mama buddhassa santike;

Tasso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsanaṃ.

我来佛陀之跟前，对我实为善来哉！三明我已然证得，佛陀教法我已行。

Pubbenivāsaṃ [Pg.126] jānāmi;

Dibbacakkhu visodhitaṃ;

Tevijjo iddhipattomhi, cetopariyāyakovido.

我知宿住天眼净，我得三明与神通，亦善了知他人心。

Vanasaṃyutta

森林相应

Ānandasutta

阿难经

Pucchā – vanasaṃyutte panāvuso pañcamaṃ saṃgītaṃ ānandasuttaṃ kadā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问——贤友，在《森林相应》中，第五经《阿难经》是何时、何地、针对谁、关于什么事、由谁以及如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – kosalesu bhante aññatarasmiṃ vanasaṇḍe aciraparinibbute bhagavati āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ ārabbha tasmiṃ vanasaṇḍe adhivatthāya devatāya bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante ānando aciraparinibbute bhagavati ativelaṃ gihisaññattibahulo viharati, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ–

答——尊者，在憍萨罗(Kosala)国某处林苑，世尊般涅槃后不久，是针对具寿阿难，由一位住在该林苑的天神所说。尊者，世尊般涅槃后不久，具寿阿难与在家人交往过多而住。关于那件事——

‘‘Rukkhamūlagahanaṃ pasakkiya,Nibbānaṃ hadayasmiṃ opiya;

Jhāya gotama mā pamādo,Kiṃ te biḷibiḷikā karissatī’’ti.

“已入树下密林中，将涅槃置于心中；乔达摩，当修禅，莫放逸，那喧闹对你何益？”

Evaṃ [Pg.127] kho bhante vanasaṇḍe adhivatthāya devatāya āyasmato ānandattherassa anukampikāya atthakāmāya bhāsitaṃ.

尊者，正是这样，住在该林苑的天神，出于对具寿阿难长老的怜悯与利益，说了这番话。

Rukkhamūla [Pg.128] gahanaṃ pasakkiya, nibbānaṃ hadayasmiṃ opiya;

Jhāya gotama mā pamādo, kiṃ te biḷibiḷikā karissati-hu–

“已入树下密林中，将涅槃置于心中；乔达摩，当修禅，莫放逸，那喧闹对你何益？”

Yakkhasaṃyutta

夜叉相应

Indakasutta

因陀迦经

Pucchā – yakkhasaṃyutte [Pg.129] panāvuso paṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ indakasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，在《夜叉相应》中，第一经《因陀迦经》是世尊在何处、针对谁、关于何事以及如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante indakūṭe pabbate indakassa yakkhassa bhavane indakaṃ yakkhaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Indako bhante yakkho attavādo bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā gāthāya ajjhabhāsi–

回答——尊者，在王舍城(Rājagaha)的因陀崛山(Indakūṭa)，因陀迦(Indaka)夜叉的住所，是针对因陀迦夜叉所说。尊者，因陀迦夜叉持有我见，他去到世尊那里，以偈颂请问——

‘‘Rūpaṃ na jīvanti vadanti buddhā,Kathaṃ nvayaṃ vindatimaṃ sarīraṃ;

Kutassa aṭṭhīyakapiṇḍamebhi,Kathaṃ nvayaṃ sajjati gabbharasmi’’nti.

“诸佛说色非生命，此身究竟如何形成？骨骸之聚从何而来，如何凝集于母胎？”

Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ–

尊者，关于那件事——

‘‘Paṭhamaṃ kalalaṃ hoti, kalalā hoti abbudaṃ,Abbudā jāyate pesi, pesi nibbattatī ghano;

Ghanā pasākhā jāyanti, kesā lomā nakhāpica;

Yañcassa bhuñjatī mātā, annaṃ pānañca bhojanaṃ;

Tena so tattha yāpeti, mātukucchigatonaro’’ti.

“最初是羯罗蓝(kalala)，由羯罗蓝成安浮陀(abbuda)；由安浮陀生闭尸(pesi)，由闭尸生成伽那(ghana)；由伽那生出肢体，以及头发、体毛、指甲。母亲所食用的饭、饮、食物，在母胎中的人，即以此维生。”

Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

尊者，世尊就是这样说的。

Āḷavakasutta

阿拉瓦迦经

Pucchā – tenāvuso [Pg.132] bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena yakkhasaṃyutte āḷavakasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，那位世尊……乃至……正自觉者，在《夜叉相应》中，是于何处、针对谁、关于何事以及如何宣说《阿拉瓦迦经》的？

Vissajjanā – āḷaviyaṃ bhante āḷavakassa yakkhassa bhavane āḷavakaṃ yakkhaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āḷavako bhante yakkho bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi–

回答——尊者，在阿拉威(Āḷavī)，阿拉瓦迦(Āḷavaka)夜叉的住所，是针对阿拉瓦迦夜叉所说。尊者，阿拉瓦迦夜叉以偈颂对世尊说——

Kiṃ sūdhavittaṃ purisassa seṭṭhaṃ,Kiṃ su suciṇṇaṃ sukhamāvahāti;

Kiṃ su have sādutaraṃ rasānaṃ,Kathaṃ jīviṃ jīvitāmāhu seṭṭhanti.

“于此，人之最上财富为何物？何种善行能带来安乐？诸味之中，何味最甘美？如何生活，被称为最上等的生活？”

Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ–

尊者，关于那件事——

Saddhīca vittaṃ purisassa seṭṭhaṃ,Dhammo suciṇṇo sukhamāvahāti;

Saccaṃ have sādutaraṃ rasānaṃ,Paññājīviṃ jīvitamāhu seṭṭhanti.

“于此，信为人之最上财富，法善行能带来安乐；真实确为诸味中最甘美，依慧而活，被称为最上等的生活。”

Evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

尊者，世尊说了诸如此类的话。

Na [Pg.134] khvāhaṃ taṃ āvuso nikkhamissāmi, yaṃ te karaṇīyaṃ, taṃ karohi,

贤友，我不会出去，你有什么要做的，就做吧。

Pañhaṃ taṃ samaṇa pucchissāmi, sace me na byākarissasi, cittaṃ vā te khipissāmi, hadayaṃ vā te phālessāmi, pādesu vā gahetvā pāragaṅgāya khipissāmi–

沙门，我要问你一个问题。如果你不为我解答，我将扰乱你的心，或劈开你的心脏，或抓住你的双脚，把你扔到恒河(Gaṅgā)对岸。

Kiṃ [Pg.135] sūkha vittaṃ purisassa seṭṭhaṃ, kiṃ su suciṇṇaṃ sukhamāvahāti;

Kiṃ su have sādubharaṃ rasānaṃ, kathaṃ jīviṃ jīvitamāhu seṭṭhaṃ–

“于此，人之最上财富为何物？何种善行能带来安乐？诸味之中，何味最甘美？如何生活，被称为最上等的生活？”

Saddhīdha vittaṃ purisassa seṭṭhaṃ, dhammo suciṇṇo sukhamāvahāti;

Saccaṃ have sādutaraṃ rasānaṃ, paññājīviṃ jīvitamāhu seṭṭhaṃ;

“于此，信为人之最上财富，法善行能带来安乐；真实确为诸味中最甘美，依慧而活，被称为最上等的生活。”

Kathaṃsu [Pg.136] tarati oghaṃ, kathaṃsu tarati aṇṇavaṃ;

Kathaṃsu dukkha macceti, kathaṃsu parisujjhati.

“如何渡过暴流(ogha)？如何渡过海洋(aṇṇava)？如何超越痛苦？如何得以清净？”

Saddhāya tarati oghaṃ, appamādena aṇṇavaṃ;

Vīriyena dukkha macceti, paññāya parisujjhati–

“以信渡暴流，以不放逸渡海洋，以精进超越痛苦，以智慧得清净。”

Kathaṃsu [Pg.137] labhate paññaṃ, kathaṃsu vindate dhanaṃ;

Kathaṃsu kittiṃ pappoti, kathaṃ mittāni ganthati;

Asmā lokā paraṃ lokaṃ, kathaṃ pecca na socati–

“如何获得智慧？如何获得财富？如何获得声誉？如何维系朋友？从此世去到他世，如何死后不忧愁？”

Saddahāno arahataṃ, dhammaṃ nibbānapattiyā;

Sussūsaṃ labhate paññaṃ, appamatto vicakkhaṇo;

Patirūpakārī dhuravā, uṭṭhātā vindate dhanaṃ;

Saccena [Pg.138] kittiṃ pappoti, dadaṃ mittāni ganthati;

Asmā lokā paraṃ lokaṃ, evaṃ pecca na socati;

Yassete caturo dhammā, saddhassa gharamesino;

Saccaṃ dhammo dhiti cāgo, sa ve peccana socati–

“信奉阿罗汉(arahat)导向涅槃(nibbāna)之法，乐于听闻、不放逸、有见识者，能得智慧。行事适宜、坚毅、勤奋者，能得财富。以真实获得声誉，以布施维系朋友。如此，从此世去到他世，死后即不忧愁。若有信心的在家者，具足此四法：真实、法、坚毅(dhiti)、舍离(cāga)，他确实死后不忧愁。”

Sakkasaṃyutta

帝释相应

Vatapadasutta

誓愿经

Pucchā – sakkasaṃyutte [Pg.139] panāvuso vatapadasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，在帝释相应中，世尊是在哪里、针对谁，以及如何宣说了《誓愿经》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha sakkassa bhikkhave devānamindassa pubbe manussabhūtassa satta vatapadāni samattāni samādinnāni ahesuṃ, yesaṃ samādinnattā sakko sakkattaṃ ajjhagāti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，世尊针对众多比丘，以“诸比丘，天帝释过去为人时，曾圆满受持七项誓愿。因圆满受持此七项誓愿，帝释获得了帝释的地位”等语而说。尊者，世尊就是这样说的。

Sakkassa [Pg.141] bhikkhave devānamindassa pubbe manussabhūtassa imāni satta vatapadāni samattāni samādinnāni ahesuṃ.

诸比丘，天帝释过去为人时，曾圆满受持此七项誓愿。

Mātāpettibharaṃ jantuṃ, kule jeṭṭhāpacāyinaṃ;

Saṇhaṃ sakhilasambhāsaṃ, pesuṇeyyappahāyinaṃ;

Maccheravinaye yuttaṃ, saccaṃ kodhābhibhuṃ naraṃ;

Taṃ ve devā tāvatiṃsā, āhu ‘‘sappuriso’’iti.

孝养父母、尊敬族中长上、言语柔和友善、舍离两舌、致力于去除悭吝、真实、克服愤怒的人——忉利诸天(Tāvatiṃsa devā)确实称他为“善人”。

Daliddasutta

贫穷者经

Pucchā – daliddasuttaṃ panāvuso kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ. Vissajjanā. Rājagahe bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘bhūtapubbaṃ bhikkhave aññataro puriso imasmiṃyeva rājagahe manussadaliddo [Pg.142] ahosi manussakapaṇo manussavarāko, so tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye saddhaṃ samādiyi, sīlaṃ, sutaṃ, cāgaṃ, paññaṃ samādiyī’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，关于《贫穷者经》，是在哪里、针对谁，以及如何宣说的呢？答：尊者，在王舍城(Rājagaha)，世尊针对众多比丘说：“诸比丘，往昔，就在此王舍城，有某个人，是个穷人、贫困者、可怜人。他在如来所宣说的法与律中确立了信心、戒、所闻、舍离和智慧。”尊者，世尊就是这样说的。

Yassa [Pg.144] saddhā tathāgate, acalā suppatiṭṭhitā;

Sīlañca yassa kalyāṇaṃ, ariyakantaṃ pasaṃsitaṃ.

于如来信不动摇，善立深根永不凋；持戒清净圣者喜，美德光辉世所褒。

Yajamānasutta

施主经

Pucchā – yajamānasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，关于《施主经》，世尊是在何处、针对谁、基于什么事情，以及如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe [Pg.145] bhante sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Sakko bhante devānamindo bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi–

答：尊者，此经是在王舍城，针对天帝释所说。尊者，当时天帝释以偈颂对世尊说：

‘‘Yajamānānaṃ manussānaṃ, puññapekkhāna pāṇinaṃ;

Karotaṃ opadhikaṃ puññaṃ, kattha dinnaṃ mahapphala’’nti.

“行布施的人们，希求福德的众生，造作有漏福业，于何处布施有大果报？”

Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ–

尊者，关于那件事——

‘‘Cattāro ca paṭipannā, cattāroca phale ṭhitā;

Esa saṅgho ujubhūto, paññāsīlasamāhito;

Yajamānānaṃ manussānaṃ, puññapekkhāna pāṇinaṃ;

Karotaṃ opadhikaṃ puññaṃ, saṅghe dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ’’nti.

“四位行道者与四位住果者——此僧伽正直，具足智慧与戒律。对于行布施、求福德的人们，造作有漏福业者，布施于僧伽有大果报。”

Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

尊者，世尊就是这样说的。

Yajamānānaṃ [Pg.146] manussānaṃ, puññapekkhāna pāṇinaṃ,Karotaṃ opadhitaṃ puññaṃ, kattha dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ–

行布施的人们，希求福德的众生，造作有漏福业，于何处布施有大果报？

Cattāro ca paṭipannā, cattāro ca phale ṭhitā;

Esa saṅgho ujubhūto, paññāsīlasamāhito;

Yajamānānaṃ manussānaṃ, puññapekkhāna pāṇinaṃ;

Karotaṃ opadhikaṃ puññaṃ, saṅghe dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ–

四位行道者与四位住果者——此僧伽正直，具足智慧与戒律。对于行布施、求福德的人们，造作有漏福业者，布施于僧伽有大果报。

Gahaṭṭhavandanāsutta

在家者礼敬经

Pucchā – gahaṭṭhavandanāsuttaṃ [Pg.147] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，《在家者礼敬经》是世尊在何处、针对谁，以及如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘bhūtapubbaṃ bhikkhave sakko devānamindo mātaliṃ saṅgāhakaṃ āmantesī’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，世尊针对众多比丘，以“诸比丘，往昔，天帝释对御者摩多梨(Mātali)说……”等语而说。尊者，世尊是这样说的。

Taṃ [Pg.148] namassanti tevijjā, sabbe bhummāca khattiyā;

Cattāro ca mahārājā, tidasāca yasassino;

Athako nāma so yakkho, yaṃ tvaṃ sakka namassasi–

具三明者礼敬他，地上所有刹帝利，四大王与光耀的三十三天神亦然。然则，帝释，你所礼敬的那个夜叉是谁？

Ahañca [Pg.149] sīlasampanne, cirarattasamāhite;

Sammāpabbajite vande, brahmacariyaparāyane.

我礼敬具足戒行、长时安住于定、如法出家、以梵行为归宿者。

Ye gahaṭṭhā puññakarā, sīlavanto upāsakā;

Dhammena dāraṃ posenti, te namassāmi mātali.

那些行福德的在家者，具戒的优婆塞，如法养育妻儿，摩多梨，我亦礼敬他们。

Nidānavaggapāḷi

因缘品

Nidānasaṃyutta

因缘相应

Paṭiccasamuppādasutta

缘起经

Pucchā – tenāvuso [Pg.151] bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena nidānavaggasaṃyutte paṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ paṭiccasamuppādasuttaṃ kattha taṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，那位世尊……乃至……正自觉者，在因缘相应中所结集的第一部经《缘起经》，是在哪里、针对谁、于何事，以及如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante pañcasate janapadavāsino bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Pañcasatā bhante janapadavāsino bhikkhū sabbe ugghāṭitaññuno dhutaṅgadharā āraddhavīriyā yuttayogā vipassakā saṇhaṃ sukhumaṃ suññataṃ paccayākāradhammadesanaṃ patthayamānā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā bhagavantaṃ parivāretvā nisīdiṃsu. Tasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ ‘‘paṭiccasamuppādaṃ vo bhikkhave desessāmi, taṃ suṇātha sādhukaṃ manasi karotha, bhāsissāmī’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对五百位来自地方的比丘所说。尊者，那五百位来自地方的比丘，皆是速通达者、头陀行者、精进者、勤修者、内观者，他们渴望听闻关于微妙、深细、空性、缘起法的开示，在顶礼世尊后，围绕着他坐下。就此，世尊以“诸比丘，我将为你们宣说缘起。你们且听，善自作意，我将要说。”等语而说。尊者，世尊是这样说的。

Katamo [Pg.152] ca bhikkhave paṭiccasamuppādo. Avijjāpaccayā bhikkhave saṅkhārā, saṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇaṃ (peyyāla) jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāsā sambhavanti, evametassa kevalassa dukkhandhassa samudayo hoti. Ayaṃ vuccati bhikkhave paṭiccasamuppādo.

诸比丘，什么是缘起？诸比丘，以无明为缘有行；以行为缘有识；……以生为缘，有老、死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼生起。这样，这整个苦蕴就集起。诸比丘，这称为缘起。

Avijjāya tveva asesavirāganirodho saṅkhāranirodho (peyyāla) jātinirodhā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā nirujjhanti, evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hoti –

但因无明的无余离贪与灭而有行灭；……因生灭而有老、死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼的灭尽。这样，这整个苦蕴就灭尽。

Vibhaṅgasutta

分别经

Pucchā – tatthāvuso [Pg.154] dutiyaṃ saṃgītaṃ vibhaṅgasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊是在哪里，为了谁，在什么事由下，以及如何宣说了第二部《分别经》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante pañcasate janapadavāsino vipañcitaññuno bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Pañcasatā bhante janapadavāsikā bhikkhū vipañcitaññuno dhutaṅgadharā āraddhavīriyā yuttayogā vissakā saṇhaṃ sukhumaṃ suññatapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ paccayākāradhammadesanaṃ patthayamānā bhagavantaṃ parivāretvā nisīdiṃsu. Tasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ ‘‘paṭicca samuppādaṃ vo bhikkhave dedessāmi vibhajissāmi, taṃ suṇātha sādhukaṃ manasikarotha, bhāsissāmī’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对五百位具详尽智慧的乡居比丘而说。尊者，有五百位具详尽智慧、持头陀行、已发起精进、勤于修行、自在的乡居比丘，渴望听闻寂静、微细、与空相应的缘起法开示，围绕着世尊坐下。在那个事由下，世尊以“诸比丘，我将为你们开示并分析缘起。你们且听，善作意，我将要说。”等语宣说。

Pañcaverabhayasutta

五怖畏怨经

Pucchā – pañcaverabhayasuttaṃ [Pg.156] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊是在哪里，针对谁，以及如何宣说了这部《五怖畏怨经》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante anāthapiṇḍikaṃ gahapatiṃ ārabbha ‘‘yato kho gahapati ariyasāvakassa pañca bhayāni verāni vūpasantāni honti, catūhi ca sotāpattiyaṅgehi samannāgato hoti, ariyo cassa ñāyo paññāya sudiṭṭho hoti suppaṭividdho, so ākaṅkhamāno attanāva attānaṃ byākareyya khīṇanirayomi khīṇatiracchānayoni khīṇapettivisayo khīṇāpāyaduggativinipāto, sotāpannohamasmi avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyano’’ti evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是在舍卫城，针对给孤独长者而说。“居士，当一位圣弟子的五种怖畏与怨恨平息，具足四种入流支，并且此圣理已由智慧善见、善通达时，他若愿意，即可由自己对自己记说：‘我已尽除地狱，尽除畜生道，尽除饿鬼界，尽除苦趣、恶趣、险难处。我是入流者，不堕恶趣法，决定趣向正觉。’”尊者，世尊就是这样说的。

Pucchā – kathañcāvusotattha [Pg.157] bhagavatā ariyasāvakassa pañcannaṃ bhayānaṃ verānaṃ vūpasantatā pakāsitā.

问：贤友，世尊在那里是如何阐明圣弟子五种怖畏与怨恨的平息的？

Vissajjanā – ‘‘katamāni [Pg.158] pañca bhayāni verāni vūpasantāni honti. Yaṃ gahapati pāṇātipātī pāṇātipātapaccayā diṭṭhadhammikampi bhayaṃ veraṃ pasavati, samparāyikampi bhayaṃ veraṃ pasavati, cetasikampi dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Pāṇātipātā ṭiviratassa evaṃ taṃ bhayaṃ veraṃ vūpasantaṃ hotī’’ti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā ariyasāvakassa pañcannaṃ bhayānaṃ verānaṃ vūpasantatā pakāsitā.

答：“居士，是哪五种怖畏与怨恨已平息呢？居士，杀生者由于杀生的缘故，在现世会产生怖畏与怨恨，在来世也会产生怖畏与怨恨，还会感受到心的苦与忧。对于戒杀者，那样的怖畏与怨恨就平息了。”尊者，世尊就是以如此等等的方式，在那里阐明了圣弟子五种怖畏与怨恨的平息。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.159] tattha bhagavatā ariyasāvakassa catūhi sotāpattiyaṅgehi samannāgatatā pakāsitā.

问：贤友，世尊在那里是如何阐明圣弟子具足四种入流支的？

Vissajjanā – katamehi catūhi sotāpattiyaṅgehi samannāgato hoti. Idha gahapati ariyasāvako buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti ‘‘itipiso bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaropurisadammasārathi satthādevamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’’ti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā ariyasāvakassa catūhi sotāpattiyaṅgehi samannāgatatā pakāsitā.

答：“具足了哪四种入流支呢？在此，居士，圣弟子对佛具足不坏净信：‘彼世尊是阿罗汉、正等觉、明行足、善逝、世间解、无上士、调御丈夫、天人师、佛、世尊。’”尊者，世尊就是以如此等等的方式，在那里阐明了圣弟子具足四种入流支。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.161] tattha bhagavatā ariyasāvakena ariyassa ñāyassa paññāya sudiṭṭhatā suppaṭividdhatā pakāsitā.

问：贤友，世尊在那里是如何阐明圣理被圣弟子以智慧善见、善通达的？

Vissajjanā – katamo cassa ariyo ñāyo paññāya sudiṭṭho hoti suppaṭividdho. Idha gahapati ariyasāvako paṭiccasamuppādaññeva sādhukaṃ yoniso manasi karoti ‘‘iti imasmiṃ sati idaṃ hoti, imasmiṃ asati idaṃ na hoti, imassuppādā idaṃ uppajjati, imassa nirodhā idaṃ nirujjhati, yadidaṃ avijjāpaccayā (peyyāla) evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hotī’’ti, evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā tattha ariyasāvakena ariyassa ñāyassa paññāya sudiṭṭhatā suppaṭividdhatā pakāsitā.

答：“什么是那被他以智慧善见、善通达的圣理呢？在此，居士，圣弟子对缘起本身善加如理作意：‘有此则有彼；无此则无彼。此生则彼生；此灭则彼灭。即：以无明为缘……（乃至）……如是，此整个苦蕴得以灭尽。’”尊者，世尊就是这样在那里阐明了圣理被圣弟子以智慧善见、善通达。

Yato [Pg.162] kho gahapati ariyasāvakassa imāni pañca bhayāni verāni vūpasantāni honti. Imehi catūhi sotāpattiyaṅgehi samannāgato hoti. Ayañcassa ariyo ñāyo paññāya sudiṭṭho hoti suppaṭividdho–

居士，当一位圣弟子的这五种怖畏与怨恨平息，具足这四种入流支，并且此圣理已由智慧善见、善通达时——

Dukkhasutta

苦经

Pucchā – dukkhasuttaṃ [Pg.163] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊是在哪里，针对谁，以及如何宣说了《苦经》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘dukkhassa bhikkhave samudayañca atthaṅgamañca desessāmī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对众多比丘而说。世尊以“诸比丘，我将为你们开示苦的生起与灭尽。”等语开始宣说。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.164] tattha bhagavatā dukkhasamudayo pakāsito.

问：贤友，世尊在那里是如何阐明苦的生起的？

Vissajjanā – katamo ca bhikkhave dukkhassa samudayo. Cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppajjati cakkhuviññāṇaṃ, tiṇṇaṃ saṅgati phasso, phassapaccayā vedanā, vedanāpaccayā taṇhā. Ayaṃ kho bhikkhave dukkhassa samudayo. Sotañca paṭicca sadde ca uppajjati sotaviññāṇaṃ…pe… ghānañca paṭicca gandhe ca…pe… jivhañca paṭicca rase ca…pe… kāyañca paṭicca phoṭṭhabbe ca…pe… manañca paṭicca dhamme ca uppajjati manoviññāṇaṃ, tiṇṇaṃ saṅgati phasso, phassapaccayā vedanā, vedanāpaccayā taṇhā. Ayaṃ kho bhikkhave dukkhassa samudayoti evaṃkho bhante tattha bhagavatā dukkhassa samudayo pakāsito.

答：“诸比丘，什么是苦的生起？缘于眼与色而生起眼识，三者和合是触；以触为缘有受，以受为缘有爱。诸比丘，这就是苦的生起。缘于耳与声而生起耳识……（乃至）……缘于意与法而生起意识，三者和合是触；以触为缘有受，以受为缘有爱。诸比丘，这就是苦的生起。”尊者，世尊在那里就是这样阐明了苦的生起。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.165] tattha bhagavatā dukkhassa atthaṅgamo pakāsito.

问：贤友，世尊在那里是如何阐明苦的灭尽的？

Vissajjanā – katamo ca bhikkhave dukkhassa atthaṅgamo. Cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppajjati cakkhuviññāṇaṃ, tiṇṇaṃ saṅgati phasso, phassapaccayā vedanā, vedanāpaccayā taṇhā, tassāyeva taṇhāya asesavirāganirodhā upādānanirodho upādānanirodhā bhavanirodho, bhavanirodhā jātinirodho, jātinirodhā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā nirujjhanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hotīti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā dukkhassa atthaṅgamo pakāsito.

答：“诸比丘，什么是苦的灭尽呢？缘于眼与色而生起眼识，三者和合是触；以触为缘有受，以受为缘有爱。因那爱的无余离贪、灭尽而有取的灭尽；因取的灭尽而有有的灭尽；因有的灭尽而有生的灭尽；因生的灭尽，老、死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼得以灭尽。如是，此整个苦蕴得以灭尽。”尊者，世尊就是以如此等等的方式，在那里阐明了苦的灭尽。

Puttamaṃsūpamasutta

子肉喻经

Pucchā – puttamaṃsūpamasuttaṃ [Pg.166] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊在何处、针对谁、于何事、以何方式宣说了《子肉喻经》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule adhunā pabbajite bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Bhagavato ca bhante bhikkhusaṅghassa ca mahālābhasakkāro udapādi, ekacce ca bhante bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā kulaputtā āhāraṃ apaccavekkhitvā paribhuñjiṃsu. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘cattārome bhikkhave āhārā bhūtānaṃ vā sattānaṃ ṭhitiyā sambhavesīnaṃ vā anuggahāya. Katame cattāro kabaḷīkāro āhāro oḷāriko vā sukhumo vā phasso dutiyo manosañcetanā tatiyā viññāṇaṃ catuttha’’nti evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在舍卫城，针对众多新近出家的比丘而说。尊者，当时世尊与比丘僧团获得了极大的利养与恭敬。尊者，有些新近出家的良家子比丘，未加省察就食用食物。尊者，就此事，世尊如此说道：“诸比丘，有此四种食，能令已生众生住立，或扶助求生众生。是哪四种呢？或粗或细的抟食，触为第二，意思为第三，识为第四。”尊者，世尊是这样说的。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.168] tattha kabaḷīkārassa āhārassa daṭṭhabbākāro bhagavatā pakāsito.

问：贤友，世尊在那里是如何开示抟食应作何观的？

Vissajjanā – seyyathāpi bhikkhave dve jāyampatikā parittaṃ sambalaṃ ādāya kantāramaggaṃ paṭipajjeyyuṃ. Tesamassa ekaputtako piyo manāpoti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā [Pg.169] kabaḷīkārassa āhārassa daṭṭhabbākāro pakāsito.

答：“诸比丘，譬如一对夫妻带着少量资粮走上穿越荒野的道路。他们有一个可爱可意的独子。”尊者，世尊在那里便是以如此等等的方式，开示了看待抟食的方法。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.172] tattha bhagavatā phassāhārassa daṭṭhabbākāro pakāsito.

问：贤友，世尊在那里是如何开示触食应作何观的？

Vissajjanā – seyyathāpi bhikkhave gāvī niccammā kuṭṭaṃ ce nissāya tiṭṭheyya, ye kuṭṭanissitā pāṇā, te naṃ khādeyyuṃ. Rukkhaṃ ce nissāya tiṭṭheyya. Udakaṃ ce nissāya tiṭṭheyya. Ākāsaṃ ce nissāya tiṭṭheyya, ye ākāsanissitā pāṇā, te naṃ khādeyyunti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā phassassa āhārassa daṭṭhabbākāro vitthāretvā pakāsito.

答：“诸比丘，譬如一头被剥了皮的母牛，如果它倚靠墙壁而立，依附墙壁的生物就会啃咬它；如果它倚靠树木……如果它倚靠水……如果它倚靠空中，依附空中的生物就会啃咬它。”尊者，世尊在那里便是以如此等等的方式，详细开示了看待触食的方法。

Evameva [Pg.173] khvāhaṃ bhikkhave phassāhāro daṭṭhabboti vadāmi.

诸比丘，我亦如是说，触食应如是观。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.174] tattha bhagavatā manosañcetanāhārassa daṭṭhabbākāro pakāsito.

问：贤友，世尊在那里是如何开示意思食应作何观的？

Vissajjanā – seyyathāpi bhikkhave aṅgārakāsu sādhikaporisā puṇṇā aṅgārānaṃ vītaccikānaṃ vītadhūmānaṃ. Atha puriso āgaccheyya jīvitukāmo amaritukāmo sukha kāmo dukkhappaṭikūloti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā manosañcetanāhārassa daṭṭhabbākāro vitthārena pakāsito.

答：“诸比丘，譬如有一个深过一人、充满无焰无烟炽炭的火坑。这时来了一个想活命不想死、想求乐厌离苦的人……”尊者，世尊在那里便是以如此等等的方式，详细开示了看待意思食的方法。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.176] tattha bhagavatā viññāṇāhārassa daṭṭhabbākāro pakāsito.

问：贤友，世尊在那里是如何开示识食应作何观的？

Vissajjanā – seyyathāpi bhikkhave coraṃ āgucāriṃ gahetvā rañño dasseyyuṃ ‘‘ayaṃ te devacoro āgucārī, imassa yaṃ icchasi, taṃ daṇḍaṃ paṇehī’’ti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā viññāṇāhārassa daṭṭhabbākāro pakāsito.

答：“诸比丘，譬如他们抓到一名罪犯，将他带到国王面前说：‘大王，此人是罪犯。请对他处以您所希望的惩罚。’”尊者，世尊在那里便是以如此等等的方式，开示了看待识食的方法。

Susimaparibbājakasutta

须深摩游行者经

Pucchā – tenāvuso [Pg.179] bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena susimaparibbājaka suttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，彼世尊……正自觉者所说的《须深摩游行者经》，是在何处、针对谁、于何事、以何方式宣说的？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante āyasmantaṃ susimaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante susimo yāvatako bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ ahosi kathāsallāpo, taṃ sabbaṃ bhagavato ārocesi. Tasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ ‘‘pubbe kho susima dhammaṭṭhitiñāṇaṃ, pacchā nibbāne ñāṇa’’nti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在王舍城，针对具寿须深摩而说。尊者，具寿须深摩将他与比丘们的所有谈话，全部禀告了世尊。就此事，世尊如此说道：“须深摩，先有法住智，后有涅槃智。”尊者，世尊便是以如此等等的方式宣说的。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.184] tattha bhagavā āyasmato susimattherassa sampatiarahattapattassa anuyogavasena paṭipucchitvā paṭipucchitvā uttari dhammadesanaṃ vitthāretvā desesi.

问：贤友，世尊在那里是如何通过反复诘问，为当时已证得阿罗汉果的具寿须深摩长老详细开示更高深的法的？

Vissajjanā – jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇanti susima passasīti. Evaṃ bhante. Bhavapaccayā jātīti susima passasīti. Evaṃ bhanteti evamādinā bhante bhagavā tattha āyasmato susimassa sampatiarahattapattassa uttaripi anuyogavasena paṭipucchitvā paṭipucchitvā vitthārato dhammaṃ desesi.

答：“须深摩，你是否见到‘缘生有老死’？”“是的，尊者。”“须深摩，你是否见到‘缘有有生’？”“是的，尊者。”尊者，世尊在那里便是以如此等等的方式，通过进一步的反复诘问，为当时已证得阿罗汉果的具寿须深摩详细开示了法。

Tassa [Pg.186] me bhante bhagavā accayaṃ accayato paṭiggaṇhātu āyatiṃsaṃvarāya–

尊者，愿世尊接受我的过失为过失，以便我未来能防护。

Abhisamayasaṃyutta

现观相应

Nakhasikhāsutta

指甲尖经

Pucchā – abhisamayasaṃyutte [Pg.187] panāvuso paṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ nakhasikhāsuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，在《现观相应》中，第一部被结集的《指甲尖经》，是世尊在何处、针对何人、如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho bahutaraṃ, yo vāyaṃ mayā paritto nakhasikhāyaṃ paṃsuāropito, ayaṃ vā mahāpathavī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是在舍卫城，针对众多比丘，世尊如此宣说：“诸比丘，你们认为如何？是我用指甲尖挑起的少量尘土多，还是这大地多？”等等。

Dhātusaṃyutta

界相应

Caṅkamasutta

经行经

Pucchā – dhātusaṃyutte [Pg.189] panāvuso caṅkamasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，在《界相应》中，《经行经》是世尊在何处、针对何人、如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘dhātusova bhikkhave sattā saṃsandanti samenti, hīnādhimuttikā hīnādhimuttikehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanti samenti, kalyāṇādhimuttikā kalyāṇādhimuttikehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanti samentī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是在王舍城，针对众多比丘，世尊如此宣说：“诸比丘，众生依界而聚集、会合。卑劣意乐者与卑劣意乐者聚集、会合；良善意乐者与良善意乐者聚集、会合。”等等。

Assaddhasaṃsandanasutta

不信者交往经

Pucchā – assaddhasaṃsandanasuttaṃ [Pg.192] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，《不信者交往经》是世尊在何处、针对何人、如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘dhātusova bhikkhave sattā saṃsandanti samenti, assaddhā assaddhehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanti samenti, ahirikā ahirikehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanti samenti, anottappino. Appassutā. Kusītā. Muṭṭhassatino. Duppaññā duppaññehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanti samentī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对众多比丘，世尊如此宣说：“诸比丘，众生依界而聚集、会合。不信者与不信者聚集、会合；无惭者与无惭者聚集、会合；无愧者与无愧者聚集、会合；少闻者与少闻者聚集、会合；懈怠者与懈怠者聚集、会合；失念者与失念者聚集、会合；劣慧者与劣慧者聚集、会合。”等等。

Anamataggasaṃyutta

无始相应

Pathavīsutta

地经

Pucchā – anamataggasaṃyutte [Pg.194] āvuso dutiyaṃ saṃgītaṃ pathavīsuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，在《无始相应》中，第二部被结集的《地经》，是在何处、针对何人、如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘anamataggoyaṃ bhikkhave saṃsāro, pubbā koṭi na paññāyati avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ. Seyyathāpi bhikkhave puriso imaṃ mahāpathaviṃ kolaṭṭhimattaṃ kolaṭṭhimattaṃ mattikāguḷikaṃ karitvā nikkhipeyya ‘ayaṃ me piyā, tassa me pitu ayaṃ pitā’ti. Apariyādinnāva bhikkhave tassa purisassa pitupitaro assu. Athāyaṃ mahāpathavī parikkhayaṃ pariyādānaṃ gaccheyya. Taṃ kissahetu, anamataggoyaṃ bhikkhave saṃsāro, pubbā koṭi na paññāyati avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhā saṃyojanānaṃ sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ’’ evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是在舍卫城，针对众多比丘，世尊如此宣说：“诸比丘，此轮回无始，被无明所障、被渴爱所缚的众生，不断流转轮回，其开端不可知。诸比丘，譬如有人将此大地作成枣核大小的泥丸，每置一丸便说：‘这是我的父亲，这是我父亲的父亲。’诸比丘，此人的父祖尚未穷尽，而此大地已先耗尽。是何缘故？诸比丘，因为此轮回无始，被无明所障、被渴爱所缚的众生，不断流转轮回，其开端不可知。”等等。

Evaṃ [Pg.195] dīgharattaṃ vo bhikkhave dukkhaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ tibbaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ byasanaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ kaṭasī vaḍḍhitā.

诸比丘，你们长久以来体验了痛苦，体验了剧烈的痛苦，体验了灾难，积累的骨骸堆积如山。

Alameva [Pg.196] sabbasaṅkhāresu nibbindituṃ,Alaṃ virajjituṃ, alaṃ vimuccituṃ,

足以对一切行感到厌离，足以离染，足以解脱。

Assusutta

泪经

Pucchā – tatthāvuso tatiyaṃ saṃgītaṃ assusuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，在那里，第三次结集所收的《泪经》，是世尊在何处、针对何人、如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahuleyeva bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho bahutaraṃ, yaṃ vā vo iminā dīghena addhunā sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ amanāpasampayogā manāpavippayogā kandantānaṃ rodantānaṃ assu passannaṃ paggharitaṃ, yaṃ vā catūsu mahāsamuddesu udaka’’nti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是在舍卫城，世尊针对众多比丘如此宣说：“诸比丘，你们认为如何？是你们在此长途的流转轮回中，因与不悦意者结合、与悦意者分离，而悲泣哭号所流下的泪水多，还是四大海中的水多？”等等。

Sāsapasutta

芥子经

Pucchā – tatthāvuso [Pg.198] chaṭṭhaṃ saṃgītaṃ sāsapasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，于彼处，第六所诵的《芥子经》，是世尊在何处、针对何人、就何事、如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Aññataro bhante bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kīvadīgho nu kho bhante kappo’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘dīgho kho bhikkhu kappo, so na sukaro saṅkhātuṃ ettakāni vassāni itivā, (peyyāla) ettakāni vassasatasahassāni itivāti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对某位比丘宣说的。尊者，有位比丘对世尊说：“尊者，一劫到底有多长？”就此事，世尊如此宣说：“比丘，一劫确实漫长，不容易计算它为若干年……乃至若干十万年。”等等。

Gaṅgāsutta

恒河经

Pucchā – tenāvuso…pe… [Pg.200] sammāsambuddhena anamataggasaṃyutte gaṅgāsuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友……（省略）……正自觉者在何处、针对谁、就何事，以及如何宣说了《无始相应》中的《恒河经》？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante aññataraṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Aññataro bhante brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kīva-

答：尊者，此经是在王舍城(Rājagaha)，针对某位婆罗门宣说的。尊者，某位婆罗门对世尊说了这话：“多么……”

Bahukā [Pg.201] nu kho bho gotama kappā abbhatītā atikkantā’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘bahukā kho brāhmaṇa kappā abbhatītā atikkantā, te na sukarā saṅkhātuṃ ‘ettakā kappā’ iti vā ‘ettakāni kappasatāni’ iti vā ‘ettakāni kappasahassāni’ itivā ‘ettakāni kappasatasahassāni’ iti vā’’ti eva mādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

“乔达摩贤者，已经过去了多少劫呢？”就此事，尊者，世尊如此宣说：“婆罗门，确实已有很多劫过去了，它们不容易计算为‘若干劫’，或‘若干百劫’，或‘若干千劫’，或‘若干百千劫’。”等等。

Puggalasutta

人经

Pucchā – puggalasuttaṃ [Pg.203] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：又，贤友，《人经》是世尊在何处、针对谁、如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘anamataggoyaṃ bhikkhave saṃsāro, pubbākoṭi na paññāyati avijjā nīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ. Ekapuggalassa bhikkhave kappaṃ sandhāvato saṃsarato siyā evaṃ mahā aṭṭhikaṅkalo aṭṭhipuñjo aṭṭhirāsi, yathā yaṃ vepullo pabbato. Sace saṃhārako assa, sambhatañca na vinassetyā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在王舍城(Rājagaha)，世尊针对众多比丘宣说：“诸比丘，这轮回是无始的，为无明所盖、渴爱所系而流转轮回的众生，其开端不可知。诸比丘，一个人生死流转一劫，其骨骸堆积起来，会像这毗富罗山(Vepulla)一样巨大——假如有收集者，而所收集之物不毁坏的话。”等等，世尊如是宣说。

Duggatasutta, sukhitasutta

不幸者经与幸福者经

Pucchā – tatthāvuso [Pg.204] duggatasuttañca sukhitasuttañca bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊在何处，针对谁，以及如何宣说了《不幸者经》与《幸福者经》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘anamataggoyaṃ bhikkhave saṃsāro, pubbā koṭi na paññāyati avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ. Yaṃ bhikkhave passeyyātha duggataṃ durūpetaṃ, niṭṭhamettha gantabbaṃ ‘amhehipi evarūpaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ iminā dīghena addhunā’ti, yaṃ bhikkhave passeyyātha sukhitaṃ susajjitaṃ,

答：尊者，在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，世尊对众多比丘说：“诸比丘，这轮回是无始的，为无明所盖、渴爱所系而流转轮回的众生，其开端不可知。诸比丘，如果你们看到有人贫困潦倒，应当这样想：‘我们也曾在这漫长的轮回中经历过这样的遭遇。’诸比丘，如果你们看到有人快乐富足，

Niṭṭhamettha [Pg.205] gantabbaṃ, ‘‘amhehipi paccanubhūtaṃ iminā dīghena addhunā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

也应当这样想：“我们也曾在这漫长的轮回中经历过这样的遭遇。”’世尊如此这般地说了。

Tiṃsamattasutta

三十比丘经

Pucchā – tiṃsamattasuttaṃ [Pg.206] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊在何处，针对谁，以及如何宣说了《三十比丘经》？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante tiṃsamatte pāveyyake bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘anamataggoyaṃ bhikkhave saṃsāro, pubbākoṭi na paññāyati avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho bahutaraṃ, yaṃ vā vo iminā dīghena addhunā sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ sīsacchinnānaṃ lohitaṃ passannaṃ paggharitaṃ, yaṃ vā catūsu mahāsamuddesu udaka’’nti evamādinā bhavagatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在王舍城(Rājagaha)，针对大约三十位帕维亚(Pāveyyaka)比丘，世尊说道：“诸比丘，这轮回是无始的，为无明所盖、渴爱所系而流转轮回的众生，其开端不可知。诸比丘，你们怎么想？是你们在这漫漫长途中流转轮回，被斩首时所流出的血更多，还是四大海洋中的水更多呢？”世尊如此这般地说了。

Mātusutta

母亲经

Pucchā – mātusuttādīni [Pg.209] panāvuso chasuttāni bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊在何处，针对谁，以及如何宣说了《母亲经》等六部经？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘anamataggoyaṃ bhikkhave saṃsāro, pubbā koṭi na paññāyati avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ. Na so bhikkhave satto sulabharūpo, yo na mātābhūtapubbo iminā dīghena addhunā. Yo na pitābhūtapubbo. Yo na bhātābhūtapubbo. Yo na bhaginibhūtapubbo. Yo na puttabhūtapubbo. Yo na dhītābhūtapubbo [Pg.210] iminā dīghena addhunā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，世尊针对众多比丘说道：“诸比丘，这轮回是无始的，为无明所盖、渴爱所系而流转轮回的众生，其开端不可知。诸比丘，在这漫漫长途中，不容易找到一个众生，未曾做过母亲，未曾做过父亲，未曾做过兄弟，未曾做过姐妹，未曾做过儿子，未曾做过女儿。”尊者，世尊如此这般地说了。

Kassapasaṃyutta

迦叶相应

Candūpamasutta

月喻经

Pucchā – kassapasaṃyutte [Pg.211] panāvuso candūpamasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，在《迦叶相应》中，世尊在何处，针对谁，以及如何宣说了《月喻经》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘candūpamā bhikkhave kulāni upasaṅkamatha apakasseva kāyaṃ apakassa cittaṃ niccanavakā kulesu appagabbhā. Seyyathāpi bhikkhave puriso jarudapānaṃ vā olokeyya pabbatavisamaṃ vā nadīviduggaṃ vā apakasseva kāyaṃ apakassa cittaṃ. Evameva kho bhikkhave candūpamā kulāni upasaṅkamatha apakasseva kāyaṃ apakassa cittaṃ niccanavakā kulesu appagabbhā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，世尊针对众多比丘说：“诸比丘，你们要像月亮一样去拜访俗家，收敛身行，收摄内心，在俗家中常如新人，不失谦逊。诸比丘，譬如有人看深井、山崖或险渡时，会收敛身行，收摄内心。正是如此，诸比丘，你们要像月亮一样去拜访俗家，收敛身行，收摄内心，在俗家中常如新人，不失谦逊。”世尊如此这般地说了。

Taṃ [Pg.213] kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, kathaṃ rūpā bhikkhu arahati kulāni upasaṅkamituṃ.

诸比丘，你们怎么想？什么样的比丘才适合去拜访俗家？

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.214] tattha bhagavatā parisuddhāparisuddha dhammadesanaṃ dassetvā bhikkhūnaṃ ovādo dinno.

问：贤友，世尊当时是如何开示清净与不清净之法，并给予比丘们教诫的？

Vissajjanā – ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, kathaṃ rūpassa bhikkhuno aparisuddhā dhammadesanā hoti, kathaṃ rūpassa bhikkhuno parisuddhā dhammadesanā [Pg.215] hotī’’ti evamādinā parisuddhāparisuddhadhammadesanā vitthārato dassetvā ‘‘kassapena vā hi vo bhikkhave ovadissāmi yo vā panassa kassapasadiso, ovaditehi ca pana vo tathattāya paṭipajjitabba’’nti. Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavato bhikkhūnaṃ ovādo dinno.

答：“诸比丘，你们怎么想？什么样的比丘说法是不清净的？什么样的比丘说法是清净的？”如此这般详细开示了清净与不清净之法后，（世尊说）： “诸比丘，我将由迦叶或像迦叶那样的人来教诫你们，你们受教诫后，应当如是修行。”尊者，世尊就是这样给予比丘们教诫的。

Yo [Pg.216] hi koci bhikkhave bhikkhu evaṃcitto paresaṃ dhammaṃ deseti ‘‘aho vata me dhammaṃ suṇeyyuṃ, sutvā ca pana dhammaṃ pasīdeyyuṃ, pasannā ca me pasannākāraṃ kareyyuṃ–

诸比丘，若有比丘怀着这样的心为他人说法：“啊，但愿他们听闻我的法，听闻法后能生净信，生净信后能对我表示信顺——

Svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehi passiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhi–

法是世尊善说的，是自见的、不待时的、来见的、引导的，智者各自能知的。

Kassapena [Pg.217] vā hi vo bhikkhave ovadissāmi yo vā panassa kassapasadiso, ovaditehi ca pana vo tathattāya paṭipajjitabbaṃ–

诸比丘，我将由迦叶或像迦叶那样的人来教诫你们，你们受教诫后，应当如是修行。

Kulūpakasutta

亲近居家者经

Pucchā – tenāvuso [Pg.218] bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena kassapasaṃyutte catutthaṃ kulūpakasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，彼世尊……正等觉者于迦叶相应中，在何处、针对谁、以何方式宣说了第四《亲近居家者经》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, kathaṃ rūpo bhikkhu arahati kulūpako hotuṃ, kathaṃ rūpo bhikkhu na arahati kulūpako hotu’’nti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，世尊针对众多比丘，以“诸比丘，汝等意下如何？何等比丘适合为亲近居家者？何等比丘不适合为亲近居家者？”等语宣说。

Kassapena [Pg.222] vā hi vo bhikkhave ovadissāmi yo vā panassa kassapasadiso, ovaditehi ca pana vo tathattāya paṭipajjitabbaṃ.

诸比丘，或由我，或由迦叶，或由与迦叶相似者教诫汝等。既受教诫，汝等即应如是行道。

Dutiya ovādasutta

第二教诫经

Pucchā – tatthevāvuso [Pg.223] bhagavatā dutiya ovādasuttaṃ kattha kena saddhiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，即于彼处，世尊在何处、与谁、以何方式宣说了第二《教诫经》？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante āyasmatā mahākassapena saddhiṃ ‘‘ovada kassapa bhikkhū, karohi kassapa bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ, ahaṃ vā kassapa bhikkhū ovadeyyaṃ tvaṃ vā, ahaṃ vā bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ kareyyaṃ tvaṃ vā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在王舍城(Rājagaha)，世尊与具寿摩诃迦叶(Mahākassapa)一起时，以“迦叶，教诫诸比丘！迦叶，为诸比丘作法谈！迦叶，或由我，或由你教诫诸比丘；或由我，或由你为诸比丘作法谈”等语宣说。

Yassa [Pg.224] kassaci bhante saddhā natthi kusalesu dhammesu, hirī natthi. Ottappaṃ natthi. Vīriyaṃ natthi. Paññā natthi kusalesu dhammesu.

尊者，任何人于诸善法无信、无惭、无愧、无精进、无慧。

Tatiya ovādasutta

第三教诫经

Pucchā – tatthevāvuso [Pg.227] bhagavatā tatiyaovādasuttaṃ kattha kena saddhiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，即于彼处，世尊在何处、与谁、以何方式宣说了第三《教诫经》？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante āyasmatāyeva mahākassapena saddhiṃ ‘‘ovada kassapa bhikkhū. Karohi kassapa bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ, ahaṃ vā kassapa bhikkhū ovadeyyaṃ tvaṃ vā. Ahaṃ vā bhikkhūnaṃ dhammaṃ kathaṃ kareyyaṃ tvaṃ vā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在王舍城，世尊正是与具寿摩诃迦叶一起时，以“迦叶，教诫诸比丘！迦叶，为诸比丘作法谈！迦叶，或由我，或由你教诫诸比丘；或由我，或由你为诸比丘作法谈”等语宣说。

Dubbacā [Pg.228] kho bhante etarahi bhikkhū dovacassakaraṇehi dhammehi samannāgatā akkhamā appadakkhiṇaggāhino anusāsaniṃ–

世尊，如今的比丘实为恶言者，具足了令人恶言之法，无有堪忍，不善领受教诫。

Saddhammappatirūpakasutta

相似正法经

Pucchā – tatthevāvuso [Pg.231] bhagavatā pariyosānaṃ saddhammappatirūpakasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，即于彼处，世尊在何处、针对谁、于何事、以何方式宣说了作为结尾的《相似正法经》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃyeva mahākassapaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante mahākassapo bhagavantaṃ etadevoca ‘‘ko nu kho bhante hetu ko paccayo, yena pubbe appatarāni ceva sikkhāpadāni ahesuṃ, bahutarā ca bhikkhū aññāya saṇṭhahiṃsu. Ko pana bhante hetu ko paccayo, yenetarahi bahutarāni ceva sakkhāpadāni appatarā ca bhikkhū aññāya saṇṭhahantī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘evañcetaṃ kassapa hoti sattesu hāyamānesu saddhamme antaradhāyamāne bahutarāniceva sikkhāpadāni [Pg.232] honti, appatarāca bhikkhū aññāya saṇṭhahantī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在舍卫城，正是针对具寿摩诃迦叶而宣说。尊者，具寿摩诃迦叶对世尊说了此事：“尊者，是何因何缘，往昔学处较少，而有更多比丘住于证智？复是何因何缘，如今学处较多，而住于证智的比丘却较少？”尊者，就此事，世尊以“迦叶，此事诚然：当诸有情衰退、正法隐没时，学处即会增多，而住于证智的比丘则会减少”等语宣说。

Lābhasakkārasaṃyutta

利得与恭敬相应

Mīḷhakasutta

粪甲虫经

Pucchā – tenāvuso…pe… [Pg.235] sammāsambuddhena lābhasakkāraṃyutte pañcamaṃ saṃgītaṃ mīḷhakasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，彼世尊……正自觉者在利得与恭敬相应中，于何处，针对谁，以何方式宣说了第五《粪甲虫经》？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘dāruṇo bhikkhave lābhasakkārasiloko pharuso antarāyiko anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāya. Seyyathāpi bhikkhave mīḷhakā gūthādī gūthapūrā puṇṇā gūthassa, purato cassa mahāgūthapuñjo, sā tena aññā mīḷhakā atimaññeyya ‘‘ahamhi gūthādī gūthapūrā puṇṇā gūthassa, purato ca myāyaṃ mahāgūthapuñjo’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，世尊针对众多比丘，以“诸比丘，利得、恭敬与名声是严酷的、粗暴的，是证得无上瑜伽安稳的障碍。诸比丘，譬如一只吃粪、满是粪、充满粪的粪甲虫，它面前还有一大堆粪。它因此而轻视其他粪甲虫，心想：‘我吃粪、满是粪、充满粪，我面前还有这一大堆粪。’”等语宣说。

Taṃ [Pg.237] hi tassa bhikkhave moghapurisassa hoti dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya.

诸比丘，那将给那个愚人带来长久的不利与痛苦。

Evaṃ dāruṇo kho bhikkhave lābhasakkārasiloko.

诸比丘，利得、恭敬与名声确实是如此严酷。

Tasmātiha [Pg.238] bhikkhave evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ, ‘‘uppannaṃ lābhasakkārasi lokaṃ pajahissāma, na ca no uppanno lābhasakkārasiloko cittaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassabhī’’ti, evañhi kho bhikkhave sikkhitabbaṃ.

因此，诸比丘，你们应当这样修学：“我们将舍断已生起的利得、恭敬与名声，不让已生起的利得、恭敬与名声占据我们的心。”诸比丘，你们确实应当这样修学。

Ekaputtakasutta

独子经

Pucchā – tattho āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakehi saṃgītaṃ ekaputtakasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbhaṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，古代的法合诵者所合诵的《独子经》，是在哪里，针对谁，以及如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘dāruṇo bhikkhave lābhasakkārasiloko kaṭuko pharuso antarāyiko anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāya, saddhā bhikkhave upāsikā ekaputtakaṃ piyaṃ manāpaṃ evaṃ sammāāyācamānā [Pg.239] āyāceyya tādiso tāta bhavāhi, yādiso citto ca gahapati hatthako ca āḷavako’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，世尊针对众多比丘，宣说了以如下文句为开头的经文：“诸比丘，利得、恭敬、名声是严酷的、苦涩的、粗暴的，是证得无上瑜伽安稳的障碍。诸比丘，有信心的优婆夷，若要正当地祈求她那唯一的、亲爱的、合意的儿子，她会这样祈求：‘孩子，你要成为像质多(Citta)居士和诃多迦(Hatthaka)阿拉威人那样的人。’”

Esā [Pg.240] bhikkhave tulā etaṃ pamāṇaṃ mama sāvakānaṃ upāsakānaṃ yadidaṃ citto ca gahapati hatthako ca āḷavako.

诸比丘，这是我的优婆塞弟子们的准绳与标准，也就是质多居士和诃多迦阿拉威人。

Sace kho tvaṃ tāta agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajasi, tādiso tāta bhavāhi, yādisā sāriputtamoggallānā.

孩子，如果你从在家出家，过无家生活，那么，孩子，你就要像舍利弗和目犍连那样。

Mā ca kho tvaṃ tāta sekhaṃ appattamānasaṃ lābhasakkārasiloko anupāpuṇātu–

孩子，愿利得、恭敬与名声不要临到你这尚未达到目标的学人身上。

Evaṃ [Pg.241] dāruṇo bhikkhave lābhasakkārasiloko kaṭuko pharuso antarāyiko anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāya.

诸比丘，利得、恭敬与名声就是如此严酷、苦涩、粗暴，是证得无上瑜伽安稳的障碍。

Ekavītusutta

独女经

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.242] āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāyakehi saṃgītaṃ ekadhītusuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

提问：贤友，古代的法合诵者所合诵的《独女经》，世尊是在哪里，针对谁，以及如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃyeva bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘dāruṇo bhikkhave lābhasakkārasiloko kaṭuko pharuso antarāyiko anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāya. Saddhā bhikkhave upāsikā ekaṃ dhītaraṃ piyaṃ manāpaṃ evaṃ sammā āyācamānā āyāceyya ‘tādisā ayye bhavāhi, yādisā khujjuttarā ca upāsikā veḷukaṇḍakiyā ca nandamātā’ti. Esā bhikkhave tulā etaṃ pamāṇaṃ mama sāvikānaṃ upāsikānaṃ, yadidaṃ khujjuttarā ca upāsikā veḷukaṇḍakiyā ca nandamātā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答复：尊者，在舍卫城，针对众多比丘，世尊宣说了以如下文句为开头的经文：“诸比丘，利得、恭敬、名声是残酷的、苦涩的、粗暴的，是证得无上解脱安稳的障碍。诸比丘，有信心的优婆夷，若要正当地祈求她那唯一的、亲爱的、合意的女儿，她会这样祈求：‘贤女，你要成为像库竹达拉优婆夷和韦卢根达（Veḷukaṇḍakiyā）的难陀母那样的人。’诸比丘，这是我的优婆夷弟子们的准绳与标准，也就是库竹达拉优婆夷和韦卢根达的难陀母。”

Sace [Pg.243] kho tvaṃ ayye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajasi, bhādisā ayye bhavāhi, yādisā khemā ca bhikkhunī uppalavaṇṇā ca–

贤女，如果你从在家出家，过无家生活，那么，贤女，你就要成为像翅摩（Khemā）比丘尼和莲花色比丘尼那样的人。

Tasmātiha [Pg.244] bhikkhave evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ.

因此，诸比丘，你们应当这样学习。

Rāhulasaṃyutta

罗睺罗相应

Pucchā – rāhulasaṃyuttaṃ [Pg.245] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

提问：贤友，世尊所宣说的《罗睺罗相应》，是在哪里，针对谁，就什么事，以及如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ rāhulaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante rāhulo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘sādhu me bhante bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetu, yamahaṃ bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto vihareyya’’nti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññasi rāhula, cakkhuniccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vāti. Aniccaṃ bhante. Yaṃ panāniccaṃ, dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vāti. Dukkhaṃ bhante. Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ ‘etaṃ mama, eso hamasmi, eso me attā’ti. No hetaṃ bhante’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答复：尊者，此相应是在舍卫城，针对具寿罗睺罗而宣说的。尊者，具寿罗睺罗对世尊说：“尊者，请世尊为我简略说法，我听闻世尊的法后，可以独自远离，不放逸，热忱，自我策励而住，那就太好了！”尊者，就此事，世尊宣说了以如下文句为开头的经文：“罗睺罗，你认为如何？眼是常还是无常？”“无常，尊者。”“凡无常者，是苦还是乐？”“是苦，尊者。”“凡无常、苦、变易之法，适合这样看待它吗：‘这是我的，我是此，这是我的我’？”“不，尊者。”

Lakkhaṇasaṃyutta

勒叉那相应

Aṭṭhisutta

骨骸经

Pucchā – lakkhaṇasaṃyutte [Pg.247] panāvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakattherehi paṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ aṭṭhisuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

提问：贤友，在《勒叉那相应》中，古代的法合诵者长老们所合诵的第一部经《骨骸经》，世尊是在哪里，针对谁，就什么事，以及如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante āyasmantañca lakkhaṇaṃ āyasmantañca mahāmoggallānaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante lakkhaṇo bhagavatā sammukhe āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ etadavoca [Pg.248] ‘‘idhāyasmā mahāmoggallāno gijjhakūṭā pabbatā orohanto aññatarasmiṃ padese sitaṃ pātvākāsi, ko nu kho āvuso moggallāna hetu, ko paccayo sitassa pātukammāyā’’ti. Āyasmā ca bhante mahāmoggallāno ‘‘idhāhaṃ āvuso gijjhakūṭā pabbatā orohanto addasaṃ aṭṭhikasaṅkhalikaṃ vehāsaṃ gacchantiṃ’’ti evamādinā ārocesi. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘cakkhubhūtā vata bhikkhave sāvakā viharanti, ñāṇabhūtā vata bhikkhave sāvakā viharanti, yatrahi nāma sāvako evarūpaṃ ñassati vā dakkhati vā sakkhiṃ vā karissatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答复：尊者，此经是在王舍城，针对具寿勒叉那和具寿大目犍连而宣说的。尊者，具寿勒叉那在世尊面前对具寿大目犍连说：“贤友目犍连，你从鹫峰山下来时，在某个地方微笑了。微笑是出于什么因、什么缘呢？”具寿大目犍连以如下文句为开头禀告道：“贤友，我从鹫峰山下来时，看见一具骨锁在空中行进。”尊者，就此事，世尊宣说了以如下文句为开头的经文：“诸比丘，弟子们已成为眼而住，已成为智而住，弟子竟然能知道、看见或亲证这样的形态！”

Acchariyaṃ [Pg.250] vata bho, abbhutaṃ vata bho;

Evarūpopi nāma satto bhavissati.

真是稀有啊，诸位！真是未曾有啊，诸位！竟然会有这样的众生存在。

Piṇḍasutta

肉团经

Pucchā – tenāvuso [Pg.251] jānatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena lakkhaṇasaṃyutte tatiyaṃ saṃgītaṃ piṇḍasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，那知者……乃至……正自觉者，在《勒叉那相应》(Lakkhaṇasaṃyutta)中结集的第三部《肉团经》，是在何处，针对谁，关于何事，以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante āyasmantañca lakkhaṇaṃ āyasmantañca mahāmoggallānaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante lakkhaṇo bhaggavato sammukhe āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ etadavoca ‘‘idhāyasmā mahāmoggallāno gijjhakūṭā pabbatā orohanto aññatarasmiṃ padese sitaṃ pātvākāsi[Pg.252], ko nukho āvuso moggallānahetu, ko paccayo sitassa pātukammāyā’’ti. Āyasmā ca bhante mahāmoggallāno ‘‘idhāhaṃ āvuso gijjhakūṭā pabbatā orohanto addasaṃ maṃsapiṇḍaṃ vehāsaṃ gacchantaṃ, tamenaṃ gijjhāpi kākāpi kulalāpi anupatitvā anupatitvā vitacchenti virājenti. Sā sudaṃ aṭṭassaraṃ karotī’’ti evamādinā ārocesi. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘cakkhubhūtā vata bhikkhave sāvakā viharanti, ñāṇabhūtā vata bhikkhave sāvakā viharanti, yatrahi nāma sāvako evarūpaṃ ñassati vā dakkhati vā sakkhiṃ vā karissatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，这是在王舍城，针对具寿勒叉那(Lakkhaṇa)和具寿大目犍连而说的。尊者，具寿勒叉那在世尊面前对具寿大目犍连说了这番话：“贤友大目犍连，你从鹫峰山下来时，在某个地方微笑了。贤友目犍连，你微笑是什么原因，是什么缘由呢？”尊者，具寿大目犍连报告说：“贤友，我从鹫峰山下来时，看见一个肉团在空中飞行，秃鹫、乌鸦和鹰隼追逐着它，不断地啄食、撕扯。它发出痛苦的叫声。”尊者，世尊就此事说道：“比丘们，弟子们确实是具眼而住，弟子们确实是具智而住，弟子竟然能知道、看见或亲证这样的事。”

Asilomasutta

剑毛经

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.255] āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakehi mahātherehi saṃgītaṃ asilomasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，由古时结集法的大长老们所结集的《剑毛经》，是世尊在何处，针对谁，关于何事，以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante āyasmantañca lakkhaṇaṃ āyasmantañca mahāmoggallānaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante lakkhaṇo bhagavato sammukhe āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ [Pg.256] etadavoca ‘‘ko nu kho āvuso moggallāna hetu, ko paccayo sitassa pātukammāyā’’ti. Āyasmā ca bhante mahāmoggallānatthero ‘‘idhāhaṃ āvuso gijjhakūṭā pabbatā orohanto addasaṃ asilomaṃ vehāsaṃ gacchantaṃ’’ti evamādinā ārocesi. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ cakkhubhūtā vata bhikkhave sāvakā viharanti, ñāṇabhūtā vata bhikkhave sāvakā viharanti. (Peyyāla) eso bhikkhave satto imasmiṃyeva rājagahe sūkariko ahosī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，这是在王舍城，针对具寿勒叉那(Lakkhaṇa)和具寿大目犍连而说的。尊者，具寿勒叉那在世尊面前对具寿大目犍连说了这番话：“贤友目犍连，你微笑是什么原因，是什么缘由呢？”尊者，具寿大目犍连长老报告说：“贤友，我从鹫峰山下来时，看见一个长着剑毛的众生在空中飞行。”尊者，世尊就此事如此说道：“比丘们，弟子们确实是具眼而住，弟子们确实是具智而住。（略）比丘们，这个众生就在这王舍城曾是个屠猪夫。”

Sūcilomasutta

针毛经

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.258] āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi saṃgītaṃ sūcilomasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，由古时结集法的大长老们所结集的《针毛经》，是世尊在何处，针对谁，关于何事，以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – tattheva bhante rājagahe āyasmantañca lakkhaṇaṃ āyasmantañca mahāmoggallānaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante lakkhaṇo bhagavato sammukhe tatheva avoca.

答：尊者，就在那王舍城(Rājagaha)，是针对具寿勒叉那(Lakkhaṇa)和具寿大目犍连而说的。尊者，具寿勒叉那在世尊面前也如是说。

Āyasmā [Pg.259] ca bhante mahāmoggallāno tatheva ārocesi. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘cakkhubhūtā vata bhikkhave sāvakā viharanti, ñāṇabhūtā vata bhikkhave sāvakā viharanti, (peyyāla) eso bhikkhave satto imasmiṃyeva rājagahe sūto ahosī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitā.

尊者，具寿大目犍连也同样作了报告。尊者，世尊就此事说道：“比丘们，弟子们确实是具眼而住，弟子们确实是具智而住。(略)比丘们，这个众生就在这王舍城曾是个告密者。”世尊如是宣说。

Pāpabhikkhusutta

恶比丘经

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.261] āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi saṃgītāni pāpabhikkhusuttādīni pañcasuttāni bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitāni.

问：贤友，由古时结集法的大长老们所结集的《恶比丘经》等五部经，是世尊在何处，针对谁，关于何事，以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe āyasmantañca lakkhaṇaṃ āyasmantañca mahāmoggallānaṃ ārabbha bhāsitāni. Āyasmā bhante lakkhaṇo bhagavato sammukhe pubbe vuttanayeneva ārocesi. Āyasmā ca bhante mahāmoggallāno ‘‘idhāhaṃ āvuso gijjhakūṭā pabbatā orohanto addasaṃ bhikkhuṃ vehāsaṃ gacchantaṃ. Addasaṃ bhikkhuniṃ vehāsaṃ gacchantiṃ. Addasaṃ sikkhamānaṃ vehāsaṃ gacchantiṃ. Addasaṃ sāmaṇeraṃ vehāsaṃ gacchantaṃ. Addasaṃ sāmaṇeriṃ vehāsaṃ gacchantiṃ. Tassā saṅghāṭipi ādittā sampajjalitā sajotibhūtā, pattopi āditto sampajjalito sajotibhūto, kāyabandhanampi ādittaṃ sampajjalitaṃ sajotibhūtaṃ[Pg.262], kāyopi āditto sampajjalito sajotibhūto, sā sudaṃ aṭṭassaraṃ karotī’’ti evamādinā ārocesi. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘cakkhubhūtā vata bhikkhave sāvakā viharanti ñāṇabhūtā vata bhikkhave sāvakā viharanti. (Peyyāla). Eso bhikkhave bhikkhu kassapassasammāsambuddhassa pāvacane pāpabhikkhu ahosi. Esā bhikkhave bhikkhunī kassapassa sammāsambuddhassa pāvacane pāpabhikkhunī ahosi. Esā bhikkhave sikkhamānā kassapassa sammāsambuddhassa pāvacane pāpasikkhamānā ahosi. Eso bhikkhave sāmaṇero kassapassasammāsambuddhassa pāvacane pāpasāmaṇero ahosi. Esā bhikkhave sāmaṇerī kassapassa sammāsambuddhassa pāvacane pāpasāmaṇerī ahosī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitāni.

答：这些经是在王舍城，针对具寿勒叉那和具寿大目犍连而说的。尊者，具寿勒叉那在世尊面前，以上述方式作了报告。尊者，具寿大目犍连报告说：“贤友，我从鹫峰山(Gijjhakūṭa)下来时，看见一个比丘在空中飞行，看见一个比丘尼在空中飞行，看见一个在学尼在空中飞行，看见一个沙弥在空中飞行，看见一个沙弥尼在空中飞行。他们的僧伽梨、钵、腰带和身体都在燃烧、炽燃、起焰，他们发出痛苦的叫声。”他如是报告。尊者，世尊就此事说道：“比丘们，弟子们确实是具眼而住，确实是具智而住。(略)比丘们，这比丘曾是迦叶(Kassapa)正自觉者教法中的恶比丘。这比丘尼曾是迦叶正自觉者教法中的恶比丘尼。这在学尼曾是迦叶正自觉者教法中的恶在学尼。这沙弥曾是迦叶正自觉者教法中的恶沙弥。这沙弥尼曾是迦叶正自觉者教法中的恶沙弥尼。”世尊如是宣说诸经。

Opammasaṃyutta

譬喻相应

Nakhasikhasutta

指甲端经

Pucchā – opammasaṃyutte [Pg.264] āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi saṃgītaṃ nakhasikhasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，在《譬喻相应》中，古代结集法的大长老们所合诵的《指甲端经》，是由世尊在何处、针对何人、以何方式宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho bahutaraṃ, yo cāyaṃ mayā paritto [Pg.265] nakhasikhāyaṃ paṃsu āropito, yā cāyaṃ mahāpathavī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是世尊住在舍卫城时，针对众多比丘而说的：“诸比丘，你们怎么认为？是我用指甲尖端挑起的这点尘土多，还是这大地更多？”世尊如此宣说。

Taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho bahutaraṃ.

诸比丘，你们怎么认为，哪个更多呢？

Tasmātiha [Pg.266] bhikkhave evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ.

因此，诸比丘，你们应当如此学习。

Āṇisutta

楔子经

Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi saṃgītaṃ āṇisuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，就在那里，古代结集法的大长老们所合诵的《楔子经》，是由世尊在何处、针对何人、以何方式宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃyeva bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘bhūtapubbaṃ bhikkhave dasārahānaṃ ānako nāma mudiṅgo ahosi, tassa dasārahā ānake ghaṭite aññaṃ āṇiṃ odahiṃsu, ahu kho so bhikkhave samayo yaṃ ānakassa mudiṅgassa porāṇaṃ pokkharaphalakaṃ antaradhāyi[Pg.267], āṇisaṅghāṭova avasissī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经同样是在舍卫城，世尊针对众多比丘而说的：“诸比丘，往昔，陀舍罗诃人(Dasārahā)有一个名叫阿难迦(Ānaka)的鼓。当阿难迦鼓破裂时，陀舍罗诃人就钉入另一枚楔子。诸比丘，曾有某个时候，阿难迦鼓原来的鼓面消失了，只剩下一堆楔子。”世尊如此宣说。

Bhikkhusaṃyutta

比丘相应

Navasutta

新经

Pucchā – bhikkhusaṃyutte [Pg.269] āvuso bhagavatā navasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，在《比丘相应》中，世尊所说的《新经》是在何处、针对何人、以何方式宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante aññataraṃ navaṃ bhikkhuṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Aññataro bhante navo bhikkhu pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto vihāraṃ pavisitvā apposukko tuṇhībhūto saṅkasāyabhi, na bhikkhūnaṃ veyyāvaccaṃ karoti cīvarakārasamaye tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘mā kho tumhe bhikkhave etassa bhikkhuno ujjhāyitthā eso kho bhikkhave bhikkhu catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhamma sukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī akicchalābhī akasiralābhī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是世尊在舍卫城，针对某位新比丘而说的。尊者，某位新比丘饭后从托钵归来，进入精舍后，不勤奋，默然，看似畏缩，在缝制衣的季节也不为比丘们服务。尊者，关于此事，世尊说：“诸比丘，你们不要抱怨这位比丘。诸比丘，这位比丘是四种增上心、现法乐住的禅那的欲得者、易得者、不难得者。”世尊如此宣说。

Ahampi [Pg.270] kho bhante sakaṃ kiccaṃ karomi,

尊者，我也做我自己的事，

Eso [Pg.271] kho bhikkhave bhikkhu catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī akicchalābhī akasiralābhī –

诸比丘，这位比丘是四种增上心、现法乐住的禅那的欲得者、易得者、不难得者。

Nayidaṃ sithilamārabbha, nayidaṃ appena thāmasā;

Nibbānaṃ adhigantabbaṃ, sabbadukkhappamocanaṃ;

Ayañca daharo bhikkhu, ayamuttamapuriso;

Dhāreti antimaṃ dehaṃ, jetvā māraṃ savāhiniṃ–

不应以懈怠，不应以微力，证得于涅槃，解脱一切苦。此青年比丘，此无上之人，已降伏魔罗及其军，故持最后身。

Khandhavaggasaṃyuttapāḷi

蕴品相应巴利

Saṃgāyanassa pucchā vissajjanā

结集的问答

Nakulapitusutta

那拘罗父经

Pucchā – tenāvuso [Pg.1] bhagavatā jānatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena khandhavaggasaṃyutte paṭhamaṃ nakulapitusuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，那位知者、见者……（乃至）……正自觉者的世尊，在《蕴品相应》中，第一部《那拘罗父经》是在何处、针对何人、于何事、以何方式宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – bhaggesu bhante susumāragire bhesakaḷāvane migadāye nakulapitaraṃ gahapatiṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Nakulapitā bhante gahapati bhagavantaṃ ‘‘ahamasmi bhante jiṇṇo vuḍḍho mahallako addhagato vayoanuppatto āturakāyo abhikkhaṇātaṅko, aniccadassāvī kho panāhaṃ bhante bhagavato manobhāvanīyānañca bhikkhūnaṃ, ovadatu maṃ bhante bhagavā, anusāsatu maṃ bhante bhagavā, yaṃ mamassa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘evametaṃ gahapati, evametaṃ gahapati, āturo hāyaṃ gahapati kāyo aṇḍabhūto pariyonaddho, yo hi gahapati imaṃ kāyaṃ pariharanto muhuttampi ārogyaṃ paṭijāneyya, kimaññatra bālyā. Tasmātiha te gahapati evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ ‘āturakāyassa me sato cittaṃ anāturaṃ bhavissatī’ti. Evañhi te gahapati sikkhitabba’’nti. Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是世尊在跋伽国(Bhagga)鳄鱼山(Susumāragira)毕沙迦罗林(Bhesakaḷāvana)的鹿野苑，针对那拘罗父居士而说的。尊者，那拘罗父居士对世尊说：“世尊，我已年老、耆旧、高龄，来日无多，年寿已尽，身体病弱，疾病缠身。世尊，我已难得见到世尊与可意的比丘们。请世尊教导我，请世尊训示我，那将为我带来长久的利益与安乐。”尊者，关于此事，世尊说：“正是这样，居士，正是这样！居士，此身是病弱的，如蛋一般脆弱，并被包覆着。居士，凡是带着此身而宣称哪怕片刻健康者，除了愚痴外，还能是什么呢？因此，居士，你应当如此学习：‘我身虽病，心不应病。’居士，你应当如此学习。”尊者，世尊正是如此宣说的。

Tasmātiha [Pg.3] te gahapati evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ.

因此，居士，你应当如此学习。

Pucchā – tañcāvuso [Pg.4] bhagavatā saṃkhittena bhāsitaṃ vitthārena kena kathañca vibhattaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊简略宣说的法，是由谁、以何方式详细解说的呢？

Vissajjanā – taṃ kho bhante bhagavatā saṃkhittena desitaṃ ‘‘kathañca gahapati āturakāyo ceva hoti āturacitto ca. Idha gahapati assutavā puthujjano ariyānaṃ adassāvī ariyadhammassa akovido ariyadhamme avinīto, sappurisānaṃ adassāvī sappurisadhammassa akovido sappurisadhamme avinīto rūpaṃ attato samanupassati rūpavantaṃ vā attānaṃ, attani vā rūpaṃ, rūpasmiṃ vā attānaṃ, ‘‘ahaṃ rūpaṃ mama rūpa’’nti pariyuṭṭhaṭṭhāyī hoti. Tassa ‘‘ahaṃ rūpaṃ mama rūpa’’nti pariyuṭṭhaṭṭhāyino taṃ rūpaṃ vipariṇamati aññathā hoti. Tassa rūpavipariṇāmaññathābhāvā uppajjanti sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā’’ti evamādinā bhante āyasmatā sāriputtena dhammasenāpatinā vitthārena vibhattaṃ.

答：尊者，世尊简略开示的法，法将具寿舍利弗(Sāriputta)以“居士，如何是身病心也病呢？在此，居士，无闻凡夫不见圣者，不善于圣法，未于圣法中受教；不见善人，不善于善人法，未于善人法中受教。他视色为我，或视我拥有色，或视色在我中，或视我在色中。他执持于‘我是色，色是我的’之见。当他执持‘我是色，色是我的’时，那色就变易、变异。由于色的变易、变异，他生起愁、悲、苦、忧、恼。”等文句作了详细解说。

Aniccasutta

无常经

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.9] āvuso dutiyavagge porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhaka mahātherehi paṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ aniccasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，就在那第二品中，古代结集法的诸大长老所初次结集的《无常经》，是由世尊在何处，针对谁，以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘rūpaṃ bhikkhaveaniccaṃ, vedanā aniccā, saññā aniccā, saṅkhārā aniccā, viññāṇaṃ aniccaṃ. Evaṃ passaṃ bhikkhave sutavā ariyasāvako rūpasmimpi nibbindati, vedanāyapi nibbindati, saññāyapi nibbindati, saṅkhāresupi nibbindati, viññāṇasmimpi nibbindati, nibbindaṃ virajjati, virāgā vimuccati, vimuttasmiṃ ‘vimutta’miti ñāṇaṃ hotī’’ti. Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对众多比丘，世尊说：“诸比丘，色无常，受无常，想无常，诸行无常，识无常。诸比丘，如是见的有闻圣弟子，于色厌离，于受厌离，于想厌离，于诸行厌离，于识厌离。因厌离而离染，因离染而解脱，于解脱时，生起‘已解脱’之智。”尊者，世尊是这样说的。

Dukkhaanattasutta

苦无我经

Pucchā – dukkhaanattasuttāni [Pg.10] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitāni.

问：然而，贤友，诸《苦无我经》是由世尊在何处，针对谁，以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃyeva bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘rūpaṃ bhikkhave dukkhaṃ, vedanā dukkhā, saññā dukkhā, saṅkhārā dukkhā, viññāṇaṃ dukkhaṃ. Rūpaṃ bhikkhave anattā, vedanā anattā, saññā anattā, saṅkhārā anattā, viññāṇaṃ anattā. Evaṃ passaṃ bhikkhave sutavā ariyasāvako rūpasmimpi nibbindati, vedanāyapi nibbindati, saññāyapi nibbindati, saṅkhāresupi nibbindati, viññāṇasmimpi nibbindati, nibbindaṃ virajjati, virāgā vimuccati, vimuttasmiṃ ‘vimutta’miti ñāṇaṃ hoti, khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitāni.

答：尊者，正是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对众多比丘，世尊说：“诸比丘，色是苦，受是苦，想是苦，诸行是苦，识是苦。诸比丘，色是无我，受是无我，想是无我，诸行是无我，识是无我。诸比丘，如是见的有闻圣弟子，于色厌离，于受厌离，于想厌离，于诸行厌离，于识厌离。因厌离而离染，因离染而解脱，于解脱时，生起‘已解脱’之智，他了知：‘我生已尽，梵行已立，所作已办，不受后有。’”尊者，诸经是世尊这样说的。

Bhārasutta

重担经

Pucchā – bhārasuttaṃ [Pg.11] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：然而，贤友，《重担经》是由世尊在何处，针对谁，以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃyeva bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘bhārañca vo bhikkhave desessāmi bhārahārañca bhārādānañca bhāranikkhepanañca, taṃ suṇātha. Katamo ca bhikkhavebhāro, ‘pañcupādānakkhandhā’ tissa vacanīyaṃ. Katame pañca, rūpupādānakkhandho vedanupādānakkhandho saññupādānakkhandho saṅkhārupādānakkhandho viññāṇupādānakkhandho. Ayaṃ vuccati bhikkhave bhāro’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，正是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对众多比丘，世尊以如是等方式说：“诸比丘，我将为你们解说重担、荷担者、取担与舍担。你们且听。诸比丘，什么是重担呢？应说是五取蕴。哪五个呢？色取蕴、受取蕴、想取蕴、行取蕴、识取蕴。诸比丘，这被称为重担。”

Bhārā [Pg.13] have pañcakkhandhā, bhārahāro ca puggalo;

Bhārādānaṃ dukhaṃ loke, bhāranikkhepanaṃ sukhaṃ;

Nikkhipitvā garuṃ bhāraṃ, aññaṃ bhāraṃ anādiya;

Samūlaṃ taṇhamabbuyha, nicchāto parinibbuto.

五蕴实为重担，人是荷担者；取担是世间苦，舍担是安乐。放下沉重担，不再取他担；根除其渴爱，无欲而圆寂。

Natumhākasutta

非汝所经

Pucchā – na tumhākasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：然而，贤友，《非汝所经》是由世尊在何处，针对谁，以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃyeva bhante sambahule bhikkhu ārabbha ‘‘yaṃ bhikkhave natumhākaṃ taṃ pajahatha, taṃ vo pahīnaṃ hitāya sukhāyabhavissatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，正是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对众多比丘，世尊以如是等方式说：“诸比丘，凡非你们所有，你们当舍弃。你们舍弃它，将为你们带来长久的利益与安乐。”

Anattalakkhaṇasutta

无我相经

Pucchā – anattalakkhaṇasuttaṃ [Pg.15] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：然而，贤友，《无我相经》是由世尊在何处，针对谁，以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – bārāṇasiyaṃ bhante isipatane migadāye pañcavaggiye bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘rūpaṃ bhikkhave anattā, rūpañca hidaṃ bhikkhave attā abhavissa, nayidaṃ rūpaṃ ābādhāya saṃvatteyya, labbhetha ca rūpe evaṃ me rūpaṃ hotu, evaṃ me rūpaṃ mā ahosī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在波罗奈(Bārāṇasī)的仙人堕处鹿野苑(Migadāya)，针对五比丘，世尊以如是等方式说：“诸比丘，色是无我。诸比丘，如果此色是我，此色就不会导向苦恼，并且对色可以行使意愿：‘让我的色如此，让我的色不如此。’”

Yamakasutta

焰摩迦经

Pucchā – theravagge panāvuso tatiyaṃ saṃgītaṃ yamakasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：然而，贤友，在长老品中，第三部所结集的《焰摩迦经》，是在何处，针对谁，于何事，由谁，以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ yamakattheraṃ ārabbha āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmato bhante yamakattherassa evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ hoti ‘‘tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi, yathā khīṇāsavo bhikkhu kāyassa bhedā ucchijjati vinassati, na hoti paraṃmaraṇā’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññasi āvuso yamaka, rūpaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti evamādinā bhante āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，由法将具寿舍利弗长老针对具寿焰摩迦长老所说。尊者，具寿焰摩迦长老生起如此恶见：“我理解世尊所教导的法，是说漏尽比丘身坏之后，便断灭、消失，死后不复存在。”尊者，就此事，法将具寿舍利弗长老以如是等方式说：“贤友焰摩迦，你认为如何？色是常还是无常？”

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.18] tattha āyasmā sāriputtatthero dhammasenāpati āyasmato yamakattherassa paṭividdhasaccassa diṭṭhisampannassa anuyogavattajhāpanavasena paṭipucchitvā uttari dhammadesanaṃ vitthārena desesi.

问：贤友，当时法将具寿舍利弗长老，是如何通过反复诘问，以劝导启发的方式，为已通达真理、具足正见的具寿焰摩迦长老详尽地宣说更深法义的呢？

Vissajjanā – taṃ kiṃ maññasi āvuso yamaka, rūpaṃ ‘tathāgato’ti samanupassasīti. ‘No hetaṃ āvuso’. Vedanaṃ. Saññaṃ. Saṅkhāre. Viññāṇaṃ ‘tathāgato’ti samanupassasīti. ‘No hetaṃ āvuso’ti evamādinā bhante āyasmā sāriputtatthero dhammasenāpati āyasmato yamakattherassa anuyogavattajhāpanavasena paṭipucchitvā paṭipucchitvā uttari dhammadesanaṃ pavattesi.

答：“贤友焰摩迦，你认为如何？你是否视色为如来？”“不，贤友。”“（你是否视）受……想……诸行……识为如来？”“不，贤友。”尊者，法将具寿舍利弗长老以如是等方式，通过反复诘问，以劝导启发的方式，为具寿焰摩迦长老展开了更深的法义开示。

Taṃ [Pg.20] kiṃ maññasi āvuso yamaka, rūpaṃ, vedanaṃ, saññaṃ, saṅkhāre, viññāṇaṃ ‘tathāgato’ti samanupassasi–

贤友焰摩迦，你认为如何？你是否视色、受、想、诸行、识为如来？

Vakkalisutta

瓦咖利经

Pucchā – tenāvuso [Pg.22] bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena khandhavaggasaṃyutte theravagge pañcamaṃ vakkalisuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

提问：贤友，世尊……正等觉者在蕴相应的长老品中，第五《瓦咖利经》，是于何处、以何人为缘、以何事为缘、如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante āyasmantaṃ vakkaliṃ theraṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante vakkalithero ābādhiko dukkhito bāḷhagilāno bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘cirapaṭikāhaṃ bhante bhagavantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamitukāmo, natthi ca me kāyasmiṃ tāvatikā balamattā, yāvatāhaṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkameyya’’nti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘alaṃ vakkali, kiṃ te iminā pūtikāyena diṭṭhena, yo kho vakkali dhammaṃ passati, so maṃ passati, yo maṃ passati, so dhammaṃ passati. Dhammañhi vakkali passanto maṃ passati, maṃ passanto dhammaṃ passati. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi vakkali[Pg.23], rūpaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答复——尊者，此经是在王舍城，针对具寿瓦咖利长老而说。具寿瓦咖利长老生病、痛苦、身患重病，他对世尊说：“世尊，我渴望前来拜见世尊已经很久了，但我的身体没有足够的力气前来拜见世尊。”缘于此事，世尊说：“够了，瓦咖利！看这腐朽的身体有什么用？瓦咖利，见法者即见我，见我者即见法。诚然，瓦咖利，见法即是见我，见我即是见法。瓦咖利，你认为如何？色是常还是无常？”尊者，世尊以此为始而说。

‘‘Ahaṃ [Pg.26] vakkali, kiṃ te iminā pūtikāyena diṭṭhena’’ –

“够了，瓦咖利！看这腐朽的身体有什么用？”

‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi vakkali, rūpaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ –

“瓦咖利，你认为如何？色是常还是无常？”

Aniccaṃ bhante.

尊者，是无常的。

‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ, dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’–

“凡无常者，是苦还是乐？”

Dukkhaṃ bhante.

尊者，是苦。

Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ ‘‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’–

“凡是无常、是苦、是变易之法，是否适合观察为：‘这是我的，这是我，这是我的自我’？”

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.27] punapi bhagavā bhikkhū pesetvā āyasmato vakkalittherassa paggahavacanaṃ ārocāpesi. Sopi kathaṃ attano pavattiṃ bhagavato paccārocāpesi. Kathañcassa abhisamparāyo ahosi.

提问：贤友，世尊又是如何再次派遣比丘们，向具寿瓦咖利长老传达鼓励的话语？他又是如何让人将自己的情况回报给世尊？他命终之后如何？

Vissajjanā – suṇāvuso tvaṃ vakkali bhagavato vacanaṃ dvinnañca devatānaṃ, imaṃ āvuso rattiṃ dve devatāyo abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇā kevalakappaṃ gijjhakūṭaṃ obhāsetvā yena

答复——贤友，请听世尊对瓦咖利所说的话，以及两位天神的话。贤友，今夜，在深夜时分，有两位天神以其超绝的光彩照亮了整座鹫峰山，

Bhagavā [Pg.28] tenupasaṅkamiṃsu, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu, ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho āvuso ekā devatā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘vakkali bhante bhikkhu vimokkhāya cetetī’ti. Aparā devatā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘so hi nūna bhante suvimutto vimuccissatī’ti. Bhagavā ca taṃ āvuso vakkali evamāha ‘mā bhāyi vakkali, mā bhāyi vakkali, apāpakaṃ te maraṇaṃ bhavissati, apāpikā kālakiriyā’ti. Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavā punapi bhikkhū pesetvā āyasmato vakkalittherassa paggahavacanaṃ ārocāpesi. Sopi bhante āyasmā tenahāvuso mama vacanena bhagavato pāde sirasā vandatha ‘‘vakkali bhante bhikkhu ābādhiko dukkhito bāḷhagilāno, so bhagavato pāde sirasā vandatī’’ti, evañca vadetha ‘‘rūpaṃ aniccaṃ, tāhaṃ bhante na kaṅkhāmi, yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhanti navicikicchāmi, yadaniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, natthi me tattha chando vā rāgo vā pemaṃvāti na vicikicchāmī’’ti evamādinā bhagavato attano pavattiṃ paccārocāpesi. So hi bhante āyasmā acirapakkantesu tesu bhikkhūsu satthaṃ āharitvā vedanaṃ vikkhambhetvā mūlakammaṭṭhānaṃ ādāya sampajāno arahattaṃ sacchikatvā kālamakāsi. Evaṃ kho bhante tassa āyasmato abhisamparāyo ahosi.

来到世尊那里，走近后向世尊顶礼，然后站在一旁。贤友，站在一旁时，一位天神对世尊说：“尊者，瓦咖利比丘正意求解脱。”另一位天神对世尊说：“尊者，他确实将得到善解脱。”贤友，世尊对那瓦咖利这样说：“不要害怕，瓦咖利！不要害怕，瓦咖利！你的死亡不会是恶的，你的命终不会是恶的。”尊者，世尊就是这样再次派遣比丘们，去向具寿瓦咖利长老传达鼓励的话。尊者，那位具寿者也说：“那么，贤友们，请用我的话，以头顶礼世尊双足，并且说：‘尊者，比丘瓦咖利生病、痛苦、身患重病，他以头顶礼世尊双足。’并且这样说：‘尊者，色是无常的，对此我没有怀疑；凡无常者即是苦，对此我没有困惑；凡无常、苦、是变易之法，我对它没有欲、没有贪、没有爱，对此我没有困惑。’”他以此为始，让人将自己的情况回报给世尊。尊者，那位具寿者在那些比丘们离开后不久，便拿起刀，在抑制了感受之后，提起根本业处，以正知证得阿罗汉果，然后命终。尊者，那位具寿者的最终归宿就是这样。

Assajisutta

阿说示经

Pucchā – assajisuttaṃ [Pg.33] panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊所说的《阿说示经》，是在何处，针对何人，缘于何事，以及如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante āyasmantaṃ assajiṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante assaji ābādhiko dukkhito bāḷhagilāno bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘pubbe khvāhaṃ bhante gelaññe passambhetvā passambhetvā kāyasaṅkhāre viharāmi, sohaṃ samādhiṃ nappaṭilabhāmi. Tassa mayhaṃ bhante taṃ samādhiṃ appaṭilabhato evaṃ hoti no cassāhaṃ parihāyāmī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘ye te assaji samaṇabrāhmaṇā samādhisārakā samādhisāmaññā, tesaṃ taṃ samādhiṃ appaṭilabhataṃ evaṃ hoti ‘no cassu mayaṃ parihāyāmā’ti. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi assaji, rūpaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在王舍城，针对具寿阿说示而说。具寿阿说示生病、痛苦、身患重病，他对世尊说：“世尊，以前我生病时，我曾安住于一再平息身行，但我现在得不到那样的定。尊者，由于我得不到那定，我便这样想：‘我该不会在退失吧？’”尊者，缘于此事，世尊对阿说示说：“阿说示，那些以定为精髓、以定为沙门性的沙门、婆罗门，当他们得不到那定的时候，也会这样想：‘我们该不会在退失吧？’阿说示，你认为如何？色是常还是无常？”尊者，世尊以此为始而说。

Khemakasutta

安稳经

Pucchā – khemakasuttaṃ [Pg.36] panāvuso kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，安稳经是在哪里，针对谁，关于什么事，由谁以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – kosambiyaṃ bhante sambahule there bhikkhū ārabbha āyasmatā khemakattherena bhāsitaṃ. Sambahulā bhante therā bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ dāsakaṃ pesetvā catukkhattuṃ āyasmantaṃ khemakaṃ ābādhikaṃ dukkhitaṃ bāḷhagilānaṃ gelaññakāraṇañca dhammañca pucchiṃsu[Pg.37], tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘pañcime āvuso upādānakkhandhā vuttā bhagavatā. Seyyathidaṃ, rūpupādānakkhandho vedanupādānakkhandho saññupādānakkhandho saṅkhārupādānakkhandho viññāṇupādānakkhandho, imesu khvāhaṃ āvuso pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu na kiñci attaṃ vā attaniyaṃ vā samanupassāmī’’ti evamādinā bhante āyasmatā khemakattherena bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在憍赏弥，针对众多长老比丘，由具寿安稳长老所说。尊者，众多长老比丘派遣具寿达萨卡(Dāsaka)，四次前去探问患病、痛苦、重病的具寿安稳，询问他的病情与法。尊者，缘于此事，具寿安稳长老以此为始而说：“贤友们，世尊说了这五种取蕴，即：色取蕴、受取蕴、想取蕴、行取蕴、识取蕴。贤友们，我于此五取蕴中，不见任何我或我所。”

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.40] tattha āyasmā khemako uttari dhammadesanaṃ pavaḍḍhetvā vitthārena therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ desesi. Kīdiso ca nesaṃ dhammadesakadhammappaṭiggāhakānaṃ dhammadesanāya ānisaṃso adhigato.

问：贤友，具寿安稳当时是如何进一步阐述法，为长老比丘们详细开示的？那些说法者和听法者，通过这次说法获得了什么样的利益？

Vissajjanā – catutthe bhante vāre āyasmā khemako ‘‘alaṃ āvuso dāsaka kiṃ imāya sandhāvanikāya, āharāvuso daṇḍaṃ, ahameva therānaṃ santikaṃ gamissāmī’’ti daṇḍamolubbha āyasmā khemako yena therā bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā therehi bhikkhūhi pucchito ‘‘nakhvāhaṃ āvuso rūpaṃ asmīti vadāmi, napi aññatra rūpā asmīti vadāmi. Na khvāhaṃ āvuso vedanaṃ asmīti vadāmi, napi aññatra vedanā asmīti vadāmī’’ti evamādinā bhante āyasmā khemako uttaripi dhammadesanaṃ pavaḍḍhetvā vitthārena desesi. Imasmiñca pana bhante veyyākaraṇasmiṃ bhaññamāne saṭṭhimattānaṃ therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ anupādāya āsavehi cittāni vimucciṃsu āyasmatoca khemakassa. Evaṃ kho bhante tesaṃ therānaṃ dhammadesakadhammappaṭiggāhakānaṃ dhammābhisamayo ahosi.

答：尊者，在第四次时，具寿安稳对具寿达萨卡说：“够了，贤友达萨卡，何必如此奔波？贤友，拿拐杖来，我自己去长老们那里。”于是具寿安稳拄着拐杖，前往长老比丘们之处。抵达后，他回答长老比丘们所问，进一步阐述法，详细开示道：“贤友，我并不说‘我是色’，也不说‘我在色之外’；贤友，我并不说‘我是受’，也不说‘我在受之外’……”尊者，当此解说被宣说时，约六十位长老比丘的心，以及具寿安稳的心，都无所执取而从诸漏中解脱了。尊者，就这样，那些说法者与听法者的长老们通达了法。

Channasutta

阐那经

Pucchā – channasuttaṃ [Pg.44] panāvuso kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，阐那经是在哪里，针对谁，关于什么事，由谁以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – kosambiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ channattheraṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante channatthero āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ovadatu maṃ āyasmā ānando, anusāsatu maṃ āyasmā ānando, karotu me āyasmā ānando dhammiṃ kathaṃ, yathāhaṃ dhammaṃ passeyya’’nti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘sammukhā me taṃ āvuso channa bhagavato sutaṃ, sammukhā paṭiggahitaṃ kaccānagottaṃ bhikkhuṃ ovadantassa, dvayanissito khvāyaṃ kaccāna loko yebhuyyena atthitañceva natthitañca, lokasamudayaṃ kho kaccāna yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya passato yā loke natthitā, sā na hotī’’ti evamādinā bhante āyasmatā ānandattherena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在憍赏弥(Kosambī)，针对具寿阐那长老所说。尊者，具寿阐那长老对具寿阿难说：“请具寿阿难教诫我，请具寿阿难训示我，请具寿阿难为我说法，使我得以见法。”尊者，关于此事，法藏守护者具寿阿难长老以如下之语说道：“贤友阐那，我曾从世尊面前亲闻、亲受此教，当时他正在教诫迦旃延(Kaccānagotta)族姓的比丘：‘迦旃延，这个世界大都依赖于两端：有与无。迦旃延，以正慧如实观世间集者，则无世间之无。’”

Ovadatu [Pg.46] maṃ āyasmā ānando, anusāsatu maṃ āyasmā ānando.

请具寿阿难教诫我，请具寿阿难训示我。

Pupphasutta

花经

Pucchā – tenāvuso…pe… [Pg.47] sammāsambuddhena khandhavaggasaṃyutte pupphavagge pupphasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，那部由正自觉者在蕴相应·花品中所说的《花经》，是在哪里，针对谁，以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘nāhaṃ bhikkhave lokena vivadāmi, lokova mayā vivadati, na bhikkhave dhammavādī [Pg.48] kenaci lokasmiṃ vivadati, yaṃ bhikkhave natthi sammataṃ loke paṇḍitānaṃ, ahampitaṃ ‘‘natthī’’ti vadāmi, yaṃ bhikkhave atthisammataṃ loke paṇḍitānaṃ, ahampitaṃ ‘‘atthī’’ti vadāmī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，世尊针对众多比丘，以如下之语说道：“诸比丘，我不与世间争论，是世间与我争论。诸比丘，说法者不与世间的任何人争论。诸比丘，凡世间智者所公认为无者，我也说‘无’；凡世间智者所公认为有者，我也说‘有’。”此经由世尊如是宣说。

Nāhaṃ bhikkhave lokena vivadāmi.

诸比丘，我不与世间争论。

Na bhikkhave dhammavādī kenaci lokasmiṃ vivadati.

诸比丘，说法者不与世间的任何人争论。

Pheṇapiṇḍūpamasutta

泡沫本行

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.51] āvuso pheṇapiṇḍūpamasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊是在哪里，针对谁，以及如何宣说那部《泡沫《本行》》的呢？

Vissajjanā – ayujjhāyaṃ bhante gaṅgāya nadiyā tīre sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘seyyathāpi bhikkhave ayaṃ gaṅgā nadī mahantaṃ pheṇapiṇḍaṃ āvaheyya, tamenaṃ cakkhumā puriso passeyya nijjhāyeyya yoniso upaparikkheyya, tassa taṃ passato nijjhāyato yoniso upaparikkhato rittakaññeva khāyeyya, tucchakaññeva khāyeyya, asārakaññeva khāyeyya, kiṃ siyā bhikkhave pheṇapiṇḍe sāro. Evameva kho bhikkhave yaṃ kiñci rūpaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ ajjhattaṃvā bahiddhā vā oḷārikaṃ vā sukhumaṃ vā hīnaṃ vā paṇītaṃ vā yaṃ dūre santike vā, taṃ bhikkhu passati nijjhāyati yoniso upaparikkhati, tassa taṃ passato nijjhāyato yoniso upaparikkhato rittakaññeva khāyati, tucchakaññeva khāyati, asārakaññeva khāyati, kiñhi siyā bhikkhave rūpe sāro’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在阿踰陀(Ayojjhā)的恒河岸边，世尊针对众多比丘，以如下之语说道：“诸比丘，譬如恒河带来一大团泡沫，一个有眼之人看见它、审视它、如理省察它。当他看见、审视、如理省察它时，它对他显现为空、为虚、为无实。诸比丘，泡沫中能有什么实质呢？同样地，诸比丘，任何色，无论是过去、未来或现在，内或外，粗或细，劣或胜，远或近，比丘看见它、审视它、如理省察它。当他看见、审视、如理省察它时，它对他显现为空、为虚、为无实。诸比丘，色中能有什么实质呢？”此经由世尊如是宣说。

Pheṇapiṇḍūpamaṃ [Pg.54] rūpaṃ, vedanā pubbuḷupamā;

Marīcikūpamā saññā, saṅkhārā kadalūpamā;

Māyūpamañca viññāṇaṃ, desitādiccabandhunā;

色蕴如沫聚，受蕴似泡生；想蕴如阳焰，行蕴似芭蕉；识蕴同幻术，日亲如是说。

Yathā yathā nijjhāyati, yoniso upaparikkhati;

Rittakaṃ tucchakaṃ hoti, yo naṃ passati yoniso.

如是审视之，如理省察之；彼若如理观，则见其空虚。

Imañca [Pg.55] kāyaṃ ārabbha, bhūripaññena desitaṃ;

Pahānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ dhammānaṃ, rūpaṃ passatha chaḍḍitaṃ.

广慧者宣说，针对此色身：当三法舍离，当观色已弃。

Āyu usmāca viññāṇaṃ, yadā kāyaṃ jahantimaṃ;

Apaviddho tadā seti, parabhattaṃ acetanaṃ.

寿、暖与识，一旦离此身，此身即被弃，无心成他食。

Etādisāyaṃ santāno, māyāyaṃ bālalāpinī;

Vadhako esa akkhāto, sāro ettha na vijjati.

如是此相续，愚人所迷幻。此乃一杀手，其中无实质。

Evaṃ khandhe avekkheyya, bhikkhu āraddhavīriyo;

Divā vā yadi vā rattiṃ, sampajāno paṭissato.

比丘勤精进，昼夜常观照；正念与正知，五蕴明了照。

Jaheyya sabbasaṃyogaṃ, kareyya saraṇattano;

Careyyādittasīsova, patthayaṃ accutaṃ padaṃ.

应舍一切缚，当自为依怙；如头燃急行，希求不动境。

Dutiyadhammakatikasutta

第二说法者经

Pucchā – tattheva āvuso dhammakathikavagge dutiyadhammakathikasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，在说法者品中的《第二说法者经》，是由世尊在何处、针对何人、就何事由、以及如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Aññatamo bhante bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘dhammakathiko dhammakathikoti bhante vuccati, kittāvatā nu kho bhante dhammakathiko hoti, kittāvatā dhammānudhammappaṭipanno hoti, kittāvatā diṭṭhadhammanibbānappatto hotī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘rūpassa ce bhikkhu nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya dhammaṃ deseti, ‘dhammakathiko bhikkhū’ti alaṃ vacanāyā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，是针对某位比丘而宣说的。尊者，某位比丘对世尊这样说：“尊者，人们说‘说法者，说法者’，那么，尊者，在何种程度上他是一位说法者？在何种程度上他是随法而行者？在何种程度上他是现法涅槃的证得者？”尊者，就此事由，世尊以“比丘，若为色的厌离、离贪、灭尽而说法，则足以被称为‘说法比丘’”等语而宣说。

Sīlavantasutta, sutavantasutta

持戒者经，多闻者经

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.57] āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi saṃgītaṃ sīlavantasuttañca sutavantasuttañca kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，那部由古代结集法的诸大长老所结诵的《持戒者经》与《多闻者经》，是在何处、针对何人、就何事由、由谁、以及如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – bārāṇasiyaṃ [Pg.58] bhante āyasmantaṃ mahākoṭṭhikaṃ ārabbha āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante mahākoṭṭhiko sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yenāyasmā sāriputto tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ etadavoca ‘‘sīlavatāvuso sāriputta bhikkhunā katame dhammā yoniso manasikātabbā. Sutāvatāvuso sāriputta bhikkhunā katame dhammā yoniso manasikātabbā’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘sīlavatāvuso koṭṭhika bhikkhunā, sutāvatāvuso koṭṭhika bhikkhunā pañcupādānakkhandhā aniccato dukkhato rogato gaṇḍato sallato aghato ābādhato parato palokato suññato anattato yoniso manasikātabbā’’ti evamādinā āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是在波罗奈(Bārāṇasī)，由法将具寿舍利弗长老针对具寿大拘絺罗(Mahākoṭṭhika)而宣说的。尊者，具寿大拘絺罗在傍晚时分从独坐禅修中起身，前往具寿舍利弗之处，抵达后对具寿舍利弗这样说：“舍利弗贤友，具戒的比丘应如理作意哪些法？多闻的比丘应如理作意哪些法？”尊者，就此事由，法将具寿舍利弗长老以“拘絺罗贤友，具戒的比丘与多闻的比丘，皆应如理作意五取蕴为无常、苦、病、痈、箭、祸、疾、他物、败坏、空、无我”等语而宣说。

Rādhasaṃyutta

罗陀相应

Sattasutta

有情经

Pucchā – rādhasaṃyutte [Pg.61] panāvuso dutiyaṃ sattasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，在《罗陀相应》中，第二《有情经》是由世尊在何处、针对何人、就何事、以及如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ rādhattheraṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante rādhatthero bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘satto sattoti bhante vuccati, kittāvatā nu kho bhante sattoti vuccatī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘rūpe kho rādha yo chando yo rāgo yā nandī yā taṇhā, tatra satto tatra visatto, tasmā sattoti vuccatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，是针对具寿罗陀长老(Rādhatthera)而宣说的。具寿罗陀长老对世尊这样说：“尊者，人们说‘有情，有情’，那么，尊者，在何种程度上被称为‘有情’呢？”就此事，世尊以“罗陀，凡于色有欲、有贪、有喜、有爱，于彼执著，于彼深著，因此被称为‘有情’。”等语而宣说的。

Diṭṭhisaṃyutta

见相应

Soattāsutta

有我经

Pucchā – diṭṭhisaṃyutte [Pg.63] panāvuso tatiyaṃ saṃgītaṃ soattā suttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，在《见相应》中，第三所结诵的《有我经》是由世尊在何处、针对何人、以及如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘kismiṃ nu kho bhikkhave sati kiṃ upādāya kiṃ abhinivissa evaṃ diṭṭhi uppajjati so attā so loko so pecca bhavissāmi nicco dhuvo sassato avipariṇāmadhammo’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在舍卫城，是针对众多比丘，世尊以“诸比丘，于何者存在时，执取何者，依止何者，而生起‘彼即是我，彼即是世间；我死后将成为常、恒、久、不变坏法’这样的见解呢？”等语而宣说的。

Natthidinnasutta

无所施经

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.65] āvuso pañcamaṃ natthidinnasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，就在那里，第五《无所施经》是由世尊在何处、针对何人、以及如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃyeva bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘kismiṃ nu kho bhikkhave sati kiṃ upādāya kiṃ abhinivissa evaṃ diṭṭhi uppajjati natthi dinnaṃ, natthi yiṭṭhaṃ, natthi hutaṃ, natthi sukatadukkaṭānaṃ kammānaṃ phalaṃ vipāko’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，就在舍卫城，是针对众多比丘，世尊以“诸比丘，于何者存在时，执取何者，依止何者，而生起‘无所施，无所供，无所献，无善作、恶作业之果报’这样的见解呢？”等语而宣说的。

Okkantasaṃyutta

入流相应

Cakkhusutta

眼经

Pucchā – okkantasaṃyutte [Pg.66] panāvuso paṭhamaṃ cakkhusuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，在《入流相应》中，第一《眼经》是由世尊在何处、针对何人、以及如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ [Pg.67] bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘cakkhuṃ bhikkhave aniccaṃ vipariṇāmi aññathābhāvi. Sotaṃ. Ghānaṃ. Jivhaṃ. Kāyo. Mano anicco vipariṇāmī aññathābhāvī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在舍卫城，是针对众多比丘，世尊以“诸比丘，眼是无常的、变易的、会变异的。耳、鼻、舌、身、意也是无常的、变易的、会变异的。”等语而宣说的。

Sāriputtasaṃyutta

舍利弗相应

Sucimukhīsutta

苏支目经

Pucchā – sāriputtasaṃyutte [Pg.68] panāvuso dasamaṃ sucimukhīsuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，在舍利弗相应中的第十《苏支目经》，是在哪里、针对谁、关于什么事、由谁以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante sucimukhiṃ paribbājikaṃ ārabbha āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ. Sucimukhī bhante paribbājikā āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kiṃ nu kho samaṇa adhomukho bhuñjasī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘na khvāhaṃ bhagini adhomukho bhuñjāmī’’ti evamādinā paṭikkhipitvā ‘‘ye hi keci bhagini samaṇabrāhmaṇā vatthuvijjā tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvena jīvikaṃ kappenti, ime vuccanti bhagini samaṇabrāhmaṇā adhomukhā bhuñjantī’’ti evamādinā āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是在王舍城(Rājagaha)，由法将具寿舍利弗长老，针对游方女苏支目(Sucimukhī Paribbājikā)而说。尊者，游方女苏支目对具寿舍利弗说此言：“沙门，你为何低头而食？”尊者，于此事，具寿舍利弗长老先如是反驳：“姐妹，我并非低头而食。”然后，法将具寿舍利弗长老如是说：“姐妹，凡有任何沙门、婆罗门以相地术(vatthuvijjā)、畜生明(tiracchānavijjā)等邪命维生，此等沙门、婆罗门，方被称为低头而食。”

Kiṃ [Pg.69] nu kho samaṇa adho mukho bhuñjasi.

沙门，你为何低头而食？

Na khvāhaṃ bhagini adhomukho bhuñjāmi.

姐妹，我并非低头而食。

Tena hi samaṇa ubbhamukho bhuñjasi.

那么，沙门，你是仰头而食吗？

Na khvāhaṃ bhagini ubbhamukho bhuñjāmi.

姐妹，我并非仰头而食。

Saḷāyatanavaggasaṃyuttapāḷi

六处品相应

Ajjhattāniccasutta, bāhirasutta

内无常经，外无常经

Pucchā – tenāvuso [Pg.73] bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena saḷāyatanavaggasaṃyutte paṭhamaṃ ajjhattāniccasuttañca catutthaṃ bāhirāniccasuttañca kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，那位世尊……正自觉者在六处品相应中，第一《内无常经》与第四《外无常经》，是在哪里、针对谁以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘cakkhuṃ bhikkhave aniccaṃ, yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhaṃ, yaṃ dukkhaṃ tadanattā, yadanattā taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabba’’nti evamādināca. ‘‘Rūpā bhikkhave aniccā. Yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhaṃ, yaṃ dukkhaṃ tadanattā, yadanattā taṃ netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’’ti ca evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，世尊针对众多比丘，以如是等方式宣说：“诸比丘，眼是无常的。凡无常者即是苦，凡是苦者即是无我。凡无我者，当以正慧如其本然地看待：‘此非我所，我非此，此非我之我。’”以及：“诸比丘，色是无常的。凡无常者即是苦，凡是苦者即是无我。凡无我者，即应看待为：‘此非我所，我非此，此非我之我。’”

Sabbavagga

一切品

Ādittasutta

燃烧经

Pucchā – tatthāvuso [Pg.74] sabbavagge chaṭṭhaṃ ādittasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，在一切品中的第六《燃烧经》，世尊是在哪里、针对谁以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – gayāyaṃ [Pg.75] bhante gayāsīse purāṇajaṭilaṃ bhikkhusahassaṃ ārabbha ‘‘sabbaṃ bhikkhave ādittaṃ, kiñca bhikkhave sabbaṃ ādittaṃ. Cakkhu bhikkhave ādittaṃ, rūpā ādittā, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ ādittaṃ, cakkhusamphasso āditto, yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati, vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃvā, tampi ādittaṃ. Kena ādittaṃ. Rāgagginā dosagginā mohagginā ādittaṃ, jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi ādittanti vadāmī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是在伽耶(Gayā)的象头山(Gayāsīsa)，世尊针对一千名曾为结发外道的比丘而说：“诸比丘，一切都在燃烧。然则，诸比丘，什么是‘一切都在燃烧’？诸比丘，眼在燃烧，色在燃烧，眼识在燃烧，眼触在燃烧，凡以眼触为缘而生起的感受——无论是乐、是苦、或是不苦不乐——那也在燃烧。以何而燃？我说，它以贪之火、瞋之火、痴之火而燃；以生、老、死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼而燃。”世尊如是宣说。

Migajālavagga

弥伽迦罗品

Paṭhama migajālasutta

初弥伽迦罗经

Pucchā – migajālavagge [Pg.76] āvuso paṭhamamigajālasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，在弥伽迦罗品中的《初弥伽迦罗经》，世尊是在哪里、针对谁、关于何事以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ [Pg.77] bhante āyasmantaṃ migajālattheraṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante migajālatthero bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ekavihārī ekavihārīti bhante vuccati, kittāvatānukho bhante ekavihārī hoti, kittāvatāca pana sadutiyavihārī hotī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘santi kho migajāla cakkhuviññeyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā, tañce bhikkhu abhinandati abhivadati ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati, tassa taṃ abhinandato abhivadato ajjhosāya tiṭṭhato uppajjati nandī, nandiyā sati sārāgo hoti, sārāge sati saṃyogo hoti, nandisaṃyojanasaṃyutto kho migajāla bhikkhu sadutiyavihārīti vuccatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，世尊针对具寿弥伽迦罗长老(Migajāla Thera)所说。尊者，具寿弥伽迦罗长老对世尊说：“尊者，人们说‘独住者，独住者’，那么，尊者，怎样是独住者，又怎样是与同伴共住者呢？”关于此事，世尊说：“弥伽迦罗，有眼所识之色，为所欲、所爱、所喜、悦意、引欲、可染。若有比丘乐于此、称赞此、执取而住，当他乐于此、称赞此、执取而住时，喜即生起。有喜则有染，有染则有结。弥伽迦罗，与喜结相应的比丘，即被称为与同伴共住者。”世尊如此宣说。

Paṭhama chaphassāyatanasutta

初六触处经

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.79] navamaṃ saṃgītaṃ paṭhamachaphassāyatanasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：此中第九经，即《初六触处经》，世尊是在哪里、针对谁以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘yo hi koci vikkhave bhikkhu channaṃ phassāyatanānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, avusitaṃ tena brahmacariyaṃ, ārakā so imasmā dhammavinayā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在王舍城(Rājagaha)，世尊针对众多比丘说：“诸比丘，若有比丘不如实了知六触处的集、灭、味、患、离，则其梵行未立，远离此法与律。”世尊如此宣说。

Ahaṃ [Pg.80] hi bhante channaṃ phassāyatanānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāmi.

尊者，我的确不如实了知六触处的集、灭、味、患、离。

Cakkhuṃ [Pg.81] etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attāti samanupassasi.

你是否认为“此眼是我所，我是此，此是我之我”？

No hetaṃ bhante.

不，尊者。

Ettha ca te bhikkhu cakkhu netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attāti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya sudiṭṭhaṃ bhavissati, esevanto dukkhassa.

比丘，于此，若你以正慧善见“此眼非我所，我非此，此非我之我”，这便是苦的终结。

Gilānavagga

疾病品

Paṭhama gilānasutta

病经第一

Pucchā – gilānavagge [Pg.82] panāvuso paṭhamaṃ gilānasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，疾病品中的病经第一，是世尊在何处、针对何人、因何事以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante aññataraṃ navaṃ bhikkhuṃ gilānaṃ ābādhitaṃ dukkhitaṃ bāḷhagilānaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Aññataro bhante bhikkhu gilāno ābādhiko dukkhito bāḷhagilāno bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘nakhvāhaṃ bhante sīlavisuddhatthaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ taṃ bhikkhuṃ paṭipucchitvā tassa ca vacanaṃ sādhukāraṃ datvā ‘‘rāgavirāgattho hi bhikkhu mayā dhammo desito, taṃ kiṃ maññasi bhikkhu, cakkhu niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vāti. Aniccaṃ bhante. Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vāti, dukkhaṃ bhante’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，是针对一位生病、患病、痛苦、重病的新比丘而说的。尊者，一位生病、患病、痛苦、重病的比丘对世尊说了这番话：“尊者，我实在不了解世尊为戒清净而开示的法。”尊者，就此事，世尊询问了那位比丘，并对他的话语表示认可后说道：“比丘，我所开示的法是为了离贪。比丘，你认为如何？眼是常还是无常？”“尊者，是无常。”“凡是无常的，是苦还是乐？”“尊者，是苦。”世尊就这样开示了。

Na [Pg.84] me bhante khamanīyaṃ.

尊者，我感觉不适。

Sādhu [Pg.85] kho tvaṃ bhikkhu rāgavirāgatthaṃ mayā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāsi,

善哉，比丘，你了解我所开示的法是为了离贪。

Channavagga

阐那品

Puṇṇasutta

富楼那经

Pucchā – channavagge [Pg.87] panāvuso pañcamaṃ saṃgītaṃ puṇṇasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，阐那品中的第五《富楼那经》，是世尊在何处、针对何人、因何事以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ puṇṇattheraṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ, āyasmā bhante puṇṇatthero bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘sādhu me bhante bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetu, yamahaṃ bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto vihareyya’’nti. Tasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ ‘‘santi kho puṇṇa cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā, tañce bhikkhu abhinandati abhivadati ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati, tassa taṃ abhinandato abhivadato ajjhosāya tiṭṭhato uppajjati nandī, nandī samudayo dukkhasamudayo puṇṇāti vadāmī’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，是针对具寿富楼那长老而说的。具寿富楼那长老对世尊说了这番话：“善哉，尊者！愿世尊为我简略地开示法，我听闻世尊的法后，可以独自远离，不放逸、热忱、自我策励而住。”就此事，世尊说道：“富楼那，有为眼所识知的色，是可意、可爱、可悦、喜爱之色，引生欲欲，能予染著。如果比丘乐于此，称赞此，持续执取此，当他乐于此、称赞此、持续执取此，喜便生起。富楼那，我说，喜的生起就是苦的生起。”尊者，世尊就这样开示了。

Pucchā – evañcāvuso [Pg.89] bhagavā āyasmato puṇṇattherassa saṃkhittena ovādaṃ datvā kathañca naṃ paṭipucchi, kathañca so bhagavato ārocesi, kathañcassāyasmato puṇṇattherassa abhisamparāyo ahosi.

问：贤友，世尊如此对具寿富楼那长老作了简要教诫后，是如何反问他的？他又是如何向世尊禀报的？以及具寿富楼那长老最终的归宿是怎样的？

Vissajjanā – evaṃ kho bhante bhagavā āyasmato puṇṇattherassa saṃkhittena ovādaṃ datvā ‘‘iminā tvaṃ puṇṇa mayā saṃkhittena ovādena ovadito katamasmiṃ janapade viharissasī’’ti taṃ āyasmantaṃ puṇṇattheraṃ paṭipucchi. So ca bhante āyasmā ‘‘atthi bhante sunāparanto nāma janapado, tatthāhaṃ viharissāmī’’ti evamādinā bhagavato ārocesi. So hi bhante āyasmā sunāparante janapade vasitvā teneva antaravassena tisso vijjā sacchākāsi. Teneva antaravassena parinibbāyi. Evaṃ kho bhante tassa āyasmato abhisamparāyo ahosi.

答：尊者，世尊如此对具寿富楼那长老作了简要教诫后，反问具寿富楼那长老说：“富楼那，你受我此简要教诫后，将要到哪个地方去住？”尊者，那位具寿回答说：“尊者，有个名叫苏那巴兰达(Sunāparanta)的地方，我将去那里住。”尊者，那位具寿住在苏那巴兰达地方，就在那个雨安居期间，他证得了三明，也在那个雨安居期间般涅槃了。尊者，这就是那位具寿最终的归宿。

Santi [Pg.92] kho tassa bhagavato sāvakā kāyena ca jīvitena ca aṭṭīyamānā harāyamānā jigucchamānā satthahārakaṃ pariyesanti.

确实，有世尊的弟子，因对身体和生命感到苦恼、羞耻、厌恶，而寻找持刀者。

Sakkhissasi kho tvaṃ puṇṇa iminā damūpasamena samannāgato sunāparasantasmiṃ janapade vatthuṃ.

富楼那，你具备了这样的调伏与寂静，能住在苏那巴兰达国吗？

Saḷavagga

六处品

Mālukyaputtasutta

摩罗迦子经

Pucchā – tenāvuso [Pg.93] bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena saḷavagge dutiyaṃ mālukyaputtasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，彼世尊……乃至……正自觉者，于六处品中的第二《摩罗迦子经》，是在何处、针对何人、因何事以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ [Pg.94] bhante āyasmantaṃ mālukyaputtattheraṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante mālukyaputtatthero bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘sādhu me bhante bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetu, yamahaṃ bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto vihareyya’’nti. Tasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ ‘‘ettha dāni mālukyaputta kiṃ dahare bhikkhū vakkhāmāti’’ādinā theraṃ apasādetvā ceva ussādetvā ca ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññasi mālukyaputta, ye te cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā adiṭṭhā adiṭṭhapubbā, na ca passasi, na ca te hoti passeyyanti, atthi te tattha chando vā rāgo vā evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，是针对具寿摩罗迦子长老而说的。具寿摩罗迦子长老对世尊说了这番话：“善哉，尊者！愿世尊为我简略地开示法，我听闻世尊的法后，可以独自远离，不放逸、热忱、自我策励而住。”就此事，世尊先以“摩罗迦子，我如今该对年轻的比丘们说什么呢？”等语，既贬抑又激励长老，然后说道：“摩罗迦子，你认为如何？对于那些你未曾见、昔所未见、现在不见、亦无见想的，为眼所识知的色，你对它们会有欲或贪吗？”尊者，世尊就这样开示了。

Pucchā – imasmiṃ [Pg.97] ca kho panāvuso bhagavatā ovāde saṃkhittena bhāsite so āyasmā mālukyaputtatthero bhagavantaṃ kiṃ avoca kathañcassa bhagavā anuññāsi. Kīdiso cassāyasmato mālukyaputtattherassa dhammābhisamayo ahosi.

问：贤友，当世尊作此简略教诫后，具寿摩罗迦子长老对世尊说了什么？世尊又是如何认可他的？具寿摩罗迦子长老又有了怎样的法通达？

Vissajjanā – imasmiṃ kho bhante ovāde bhagavatā saṃkhittena bhāsite āyasmā mālukyaputtatthero bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘imassa khvāhaṃ bhante bhagavatā saṃkhittena bhāsitassa vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāmi.

答：尊者，当世尊作此简略教诫后，具寿摩罗迦子长老对世尊说了这番话：“尊者，对于世尊所作的这个简略开示，我已了知其详细的义理。”

Rūpaṃ disvā muṭṭhā, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasi karoto;

Sārattacitto vedeti, tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhati.

见色而失念，作意于爱相；心染而感受，于彼住执取。

Tassa vaḍḍhanti vedanā, anekā rūpasambhavā;

Abhijjhā ca vihesā ca, cittamassūpahaññati;

Evaṃ ācinato dukkhaṃ, ārā nibbāna vuccati;

彼诸受增长，种种由色生；贪求与恼害，毁坏彼之心。如是积集苦，说名远涅槃。

Peyyāla

（中略）

Na so rajjati dhammesu, dhammaṃ ñatvā paṭissato;

Virattacitto vedeti, tañca nājjhosa tiṭṭhati.

于诸法不染，以正念知法；心已离染而感受，亦不执取而住。

Yathāssa jānato dhammaṃ, sevato cāpi vedanaṃ;

Khīyati nopacīyati, evaṃ so caratī sato;

Evaṃ apacinato dukkhaṃ, santike nibbāna vuccatīti.

如是知法者，亦体验感受，（烦恼）渐消不积聚，彼正念而行。如是减损苦，说为近涅槃。

Imassa khvāhaṃ bhante bhagavatā saṃkhittena bhāsitassa evaṃ vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāmīti. Bhagavā ca bhante ‘‘sādhu sādhu mālukyaputta, sādhu kho tvaṃ mālukyaputta mayā saṃkhittena bhāsitassa vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāsī’’ti sādhukāraṃ datvā–

“尊者，对于世尊所略说的，我如此详细地理解其义理。”世尊称善道：“善哉，善哉，摩罗迦子！你很好地详细理解了我所略说的义理。”

‘‘Rūpaṃ disvā sati muṭṭho, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasi karoto;

Sārattacitto vedeti, tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhatī’’ti–

见色而失念，作意于爱相；心染而感受，于彼住执取。

Ādinā

等等

Therassa vacanaṃ samanuññāsi. So ca bhante āyasmā mālukyaputtatthero eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto [Pg.98] viharanto nacirasseva yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti, tadanuttaraṃ brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi, ‘‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’’ti abbhaññāsi. Aññataroca panāyasmā mālukyaputto arahataṃ ahosi. Evaṃ kho bhante tassa āyasmato abhisamparāyo ahosi.

他认可了长老的话。尊者，具寿摩罗迦子长老独处、隐居、不放逸、热忱、精进而住，不久，便为那良家子正从家出家、趣向无家的目标，即无上梵行的终极，于当生中，亲身以证智作证、体达、安住，他了知：“生已尽，梵行已立，应作已作，再无后有。”具寿摩罗迦子成为众阿罗汉之一。尊者，这就是那位具寿的最终成就。

Rūpaṃ [Pg.100] disvā sati muṭṭhā, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasi karoto;

Sārattacitto vedeti, tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhati.

见色而失念，作意于爱相；心染而感受，于彼住执取。

Pamādavihārīsutta

放逸住经

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.101] āvuso catutthaṃ pamādavihārīsuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，第四部《放逸住经》，是世尊在何处，针对谁而说的？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘pamādavihāriñca vo bhikkhave desessāmi appamādavihāriñca, taṃ suṇātha. Kathañca bhikkhave pamādavihārī hoti. Cakkhundriyaṃ asaṃvutassa bhikkhave viharato cittaṃ byāsiñcati cakkhuviññeyyesu rūpesu, tassa byāsittacittassa pāmojjaṃ na hoti, pāmojje asati pīti na hoti, pītiyā passaddhi na hoti, passaddhiyā asati dukkhaṃ hoti, dukkhino cittaṃ na samādhiyati, asamāhi te citte dhammā na pātubhavanti, dhammānaṃ apātubhāvā pamādavihārītveva saṅkhaṃ gacchatī’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在舍卫城，针对众多比丘，世尊如此宣说：“诸比丘，我将为你们宣说放逸住与不放逸住，你们仔细听。诸比丘，如何是放逸住呢？诸比丘，当一个人不守护眼根而住，心便会染著于眼所识知的诸色。当心染著时，便没有欣悦；没有欣悦，便没有喜；没有喜，便没有轻安；没有轻安，便有苦；有苦者，心便不得定；心不入定，诸法便不显现；因诸法不显现，他就算为‘放逸住’。”尊者，世尊以如是等方式宣说。

Lokakāmaguṇavagga

世间欲乐品

Rāhulovādasutta

罗睺罗教诫经

Pucchā – lokakāmaguṇavagge [Pg.104] āvuso aṭṭhamaṃ rāhulovādasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，在世间欲乐品中的第八部《罗睺罗教诫经》，是世尊在何处，针对谁，以及如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃyeva bhante āyasmantaṃ rāhulaṃ ārabbha ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññasi rāhula, cakkhu niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vāti. Aniccaṃ bhante. Yaṃ panāniccaṃ, dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃvāti. Dukkhaṃ bhante. Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’ti. No hetaṃ bhante’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在舍卫城，针对具寿罗睺罗而说。“罗睺罗，你认为如何？眼是常还是无常？”“无常，尊者。”“凡是无常的，是苦还是乐？”“是苦，尊者。”“凡是无常、苦、变易之法，是否适合看作‘这是我的，我是此，这是我的我’？”“不，尊者。”尊者，世尊以如是等方式宣说。

Yaṃnūnāhaṃ [Pg.105] rāhulaṃ uttariṃ āsavānaṃ khaye vineyyaṃ.

我何不进一步在诸漏的灭尽上教导罗睺罗。

Gaṇhāhi rāhula nisīdanaṃ.

罗睺罗，取坐具来。

Gahapativagga

居士品

Bhāradvājasutta

巴罗多迦经

Pucchā – gahapativagge [Pg.107] āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi catutthaṃ saṃgītaṃ bhāradvājasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，在居士品中，被古代的持法大长老们结集为第四经的《巴罗多迦经》，是在何处，针对谁，于何事，由谁，以及如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – kosambiyaṃ bhante rājānaṃ udenaṃ ārabbha āyasmatā piṇḍolabhāradvājattherena bhāsitaṃ. Rājā bhante udeno āyasmantaṃ piṇḍolabhāradvājaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ko nu kho bho bhāradvāja hetu ko paccayo, yenime daharā bhikkhū susū kāḷakesā bhadrena yobbanena samannāgatā paṭhamena vayasā anikīḷitāvino kāmesu yāvajīvaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ caranti, addhānañca āpādentī’’ti. Tasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ ‘‘vuttaṃ kho

答：尊者，在憍赏弥，是针对优填王，由具寿宾头卢颇罗堕长老所说。尊者，优填王对具寿宾头卢颇罗堕说：“尊贵的巴罗多迦，是何因何缘，使得这些年轻的比丘，尚在年少，黑发，具足美好的青春，处于人生的第一阶段，未曾享乐于诸欲，却能终生行持圆满、清净的梵行，并使之长久持续呢？”关于此事，（世尊）曾说：

Etaṃ [Pg.108] mahārāja tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena etha tumhe bhikkhave mātumattīsu mātucittaṃ upaṭṭhapetha. Bhaganimattīsu bhaginicittaṃ upaṭṭhapetha, dhītumattīsu dhītucittaṃ upaṭṭhapethā’’ti evamādinā bhante āyasmatā piṇḍola bhāradvājattherena bhāsitaṃ.

“大王，这是由那位知者、见者、阿罗汉、正自觉者的世尊所说：‘来，比丘们，你们对于母亲辈的女性，应建立起母亲之心；对于姐妹辈的女性，应建立起姐妹之心；对于女儿辈的女性，应建立起女儿之心。’”尊者，具寿宾头卢颇罗堕长老以如是等方式宣说。

Verahaccānisutta

维拉哈迦尼经

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.112] āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi dasamaṃ saṃgītaṃ verahaccānisuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，古代持法的诸大长老所结集的第十经《维拉哈迦尼经》，是在哪里，针对谁，关于什么事，由谁，以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – kāmaṇḍāyaṃ bhante verahaccānigottaṃ brāhmaṇiṃ ārabbha āyasmatā udāyittherena bhāsitaṃ. Verahaccānīgottā bhante brāhmaṇī āyasmantaṃ udāyittheraṃ etadavoca ‘‘kismiṃ nu kho bhante sati arahanto sukhadukkhaṃ paññapenti, kismiṃ asati arahanto sukhadukkhaṃ na paññapentī’’ti. Tasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ ‘‘cakkhusmiṃ kho bhagini sati [Pg.113] arahanto sukhadukkhaṃ paññapenti, cakkhusmiṃ asati arahanto sukhadukkhaṃ na paññapentī’’ti evamādinā bhante āyasmatā udāyittherena bhāsitaṃ.

回答——尊者，此经是在迦摩陀(Kāmaṇḍāya)，针对维拉哈迦尼族的婆罗门女，由具寿优陀夷长老所说。尊者，维拉哈迦尼族的婆罗门女对具寿优陀夷长老说了这番话：“尊者，在什么存在时，阿罗汉们施设苦乐？在什么不存在时，阿罗汉们不施设苦乐？”关于此事，尊者，具寿优陀夷长老以“姐妹，当眼存在时，阿罗汉们施设苦乐；当眼不存在时，阿罗汉们不施设苦乐。”等方式宣说。

Devadahavagga

提婆达诃品

Khaṇasutta

刹那经

Pucchā – devadahavagge [Pg.115] āvuso khaṇasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，世尊在提婆达诃品中的《刹那经》，是在哪里，针对谁，以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante devadahe nāma sakyānaṃ nigame sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘lābhā vo bhikkhave, suladdhaṃ vo bhikkhave, khaṇo vo paṭiladdho brahmacariyavāsāyā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

回答——尊者，此经是在释迦族中，一个名叫提婆达诃的市镇，世尊针对众多比丘，以“诸比丘，此乃你们之收获！诸比丘，此乃你们之善得！你们已获得修梵行的时机。”等方式所说。

Samuddavagga

海品

Bāḷisikopamasutta

钓钩本行

Pucchā – samuddavagge [Pg.117] panāvuso tatiyaṃ bāḷisikopamasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，世尊在海品中说的第三《钓钩《本行》》，是在哪里，针对谁而说的呢？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe [Pg.118] bhante jīvakambavane sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘seyyathāpi bhikkhave bāḷisiko āmisagatabaḷisaṃ gambhīre udakarahade pakkhipeyyā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

回答——尊者，此经是在王舍城的耆婆芒果园，世尊针对众多比丘，以“诸比丘，譬如渔夫将带饵的钓钩投入深水池中。”等方式所说。

Ādittapariyāyasutta

燃烧教示经

Pucchā – saḷāyatanavaggasaṃyutte [Pg.120] samuddavagge panāvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi saṃgītaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ ādittapariyāyasuttaṃ bhagavatā kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，在《六处相应》的《海品》中，由古代持法的诸大长老所结集的第八经《燃烧教示经》，世尊是针对谁，以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sambahule bhante bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘ādittapariyāyaṃ vo bhikkhave dhammapariyāyaṃ desessāmi, taṃ suṇātha. Katamo ca bhikkhave ādittapariyāyo dhammapariyāyo. Varaṃ bhikkhave tattāya ayosalākāya ādittāya sampajjalitāya sajotibhūtāya cakkhundriyaṃ sampalimaṭṭhaṃ, natveva cakkhuviññeyyesu rūpesu anubyañjanaso nimittaggāho’’tiādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

回答——尊者，此经是世尊针对众多比丘，以“诸比丘，我将为你们宣说燃烧的法门教示，且谛听。诸比丘，何为燃烧的法门教示？诸比丘，宁可以烧热、炽燃、发光、灼热的铁签摩擦眼根，亦不应于眼所识知的诸色中，执取其相与随相。”等方式所说。

Āsīvisavagga

毒蛇品

Paṭhamadārukkhandhopamasutta

第一木块本行

Pucchā – āsīvisavagge [Pg.126] āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi catutthaṃ saṃgītaṃ paṭhamadārukkhandhopamasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，在毒蛇品中，由古代持法的诸大长老所结集的第四经《第一木块《本行》》，世尊是在哪里，针对谁，以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – kosambiyaṃ bhante gaṅgāya nadiyā tīre sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘passatha no tumhe bhikkhave amhaṃ mahantaṃ dārukkhandhaṃ gaṅgāya nadiyā sotena vuyhamāna’’nti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitā.

回答——尊者，此经是在憍赏弥的恒河岸边，世尊针对众多比丘，以“诸比丘，你们看见那个被恒河水流冲走的大木块了吗？”等方式所说。

Upacāravacanaṃ

譬喻语

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.129] tattha bhagavatā orimatīrādīnaṃ upacāravacanānaṃ attho vitthārena vibhajitvā pakāsito.

提问——贤友，世尊在那里是如何详细分别解说“此岸”等譬喻语的含义的？

Vissajjanā – orimaṃ tīranti kho bhikkhu channetaṃ ajjhattikānaṃ āyatanānaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Pārimaṃ tīranti kho bhikkhu channetaṃ bāhirānaṃ āyatanānaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Majjhe saṃsīdoti kho bhikkhu nandirāgassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Thale ussādoti kho bhikkhu asmimānassetaṃ adhivacananti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā tattha orimatīrādīnaṃ upacāravacanānaṃ attho vitthārena vibhajitvā pakāsito.

回答——比丘，“此岸”是内六处的同义词。比丘，“彼岸”是外六处的同义词。比丘，“在中间沉没”是喜贪的同义词。比丘，“在陆地上隆起”是我慢的同义词。尊者，世尊在那里就是这样详细地分别解说了“此岸”等譬喻语的含义。

Pucchā – imasmiṃ [Pg.131] kho pana āvuso sutte bhagavatā bhāsite visesato kassa kīdiso attho kathañca paṭiladdho.

提问——贤友，于世尊所说的这部经中，其殊胜义是为谁而有？是何等义？又是如何证得的呢？

Vissajjanā – imasmiṃ bhante sutte bhagavatā bhāsite visesato nandassa gopālakassa pabbajjā ca upasampadā ca yāva arahattāca visesato attho adhigato.

回答——尊者，于世尊所说的这部经中，证得了殊胜义，特别是关于牧牛者难陀的出家、受具足戒，乃至证得阿罗汉果。

Labheyyāhaṃ [Pg.132] bhante bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyaṃ upasampadaṃ.

尊者，愿我得于世尊座下出家，愿我得受具足戒。

Tena hi tvaṃ nanda sāmikānaṃ gāvo niyyātehi.

那么，难陀，你先把牛还给主人们。

Gamissanti [Pg.133] bhante gāvo vacchagiddhiniyo.

尊者，母牛们恋着小牛，它们会自己回去的。

Kiṃsukopamasutta

甄叔迦树本行

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.134] āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi aṭṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ kiṃsukopamasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，关于古代持法大长老们所结集的第八经《甄叔迦树《本行》》，世尊是在何处，针对何人，因何事，以及如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme aññataraṃ kārakaṃ bhikkhuṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Aññataro bhante kārako bhikkhu cattāro khāṇāsave bhikkhū ñāṇadassanavisuddhaṃ pucchitvā asantuṭṭho tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ pañhāveyyākaraṇena yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami. Upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kittāvatā nu kho bhante bhikkhuno dassanaṃ suvisuddhaṃ hotī’’ti. Tasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ ‘‘seyyathāpi bhikkhu purisassa kiṃsuko adiṭṭhapubbo assa, so yenaññataro puriso kiṃsukassa dassāvī tenupasaṅkameyyā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

回答——尊者，此经是在释迦族的迦毗罗卫尼拘律园，针对某位做事比丘而宣说的。尊者，有某位做事比丘，向四位漏尽比丘请教关于智见清净的问题，但他对那些比丘的解答不满意，于是便去见世尊。他走近世尊后，这样说道：“尊者，比丘的知见到何种程度才算完全清净呢？”尊者，关于此事，世尊以“比丘，譬如有人从未见过甄叔迦树……”等语开始宣说。

Chappāṇakopamasutta

六兽本行

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.140] āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi dasamaṃ saṃgītaṃ chappāṇakopamasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，关于古代持法大长老们所结集的第十经《六兽《本行》》，世尊是在何处，针对何人，以及如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – sakkesuyeva bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘seyyathāpi, bhikkhave puriso arugatto pakkagatto saravanaṃ paviseyyā’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在释迦族中，针对众多比丘，世尊以“诸比丘，譬如有人身有疮痍，身体溃烂，进入芦苇丛……”等语开始宣说的。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.141] tattha bhagavatā asaṃvaro vitthārena vibhajitvā desito.

问：贤友，世尊在那里是如何详细分别解说“不防护”的？

Vissajjanā – kathañca bhikkhave asaṃvaro hoti, idha bhikkhave bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā piyarūpe rūpe adhimuccati, appiyarūpe rūpe byāpajjati, anupaṭṭhitakāyassati ca viharati parittacetaso. Tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, yatthassa te uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhantīti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā tattha asaṃvaro vitthārena vibhajitvā desito.

答：“诸比丘，如何是不防护呢？于此，诸比丘，比丘以眼见色后，对可喜之色沉迷，对不可喜之色瞋恚，住于身念不现前，心狭隘。他不如实了知那心解脱、慧解脱，于其中，他那些已生起的邪恶不善法得以无余息灭。”尊者，世尊在那里便是如此详细分别解说了不防护。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.143] tattha bhagavatā saṃvaro vibhajitvā vitthārena desito.

问：贤友，世尊在那里是如何详细分别解说“防护”的呢？

Vissajjanā – kathañca bhikkhave saṃvaro hoti, idha bhikkhave bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā piyarūpe rūpe nādhimuccati, appiyarūpe rūpe na byāpajjatīti, evamādinā [Pg.144] bhante bhagavatā tattha saṃvaro vibhajitvā vitthārena desito.

答：“诸比丘，如何是防护呢？于此，诸比丘，比丘以眼见色后，不沉迷于可喜之色，不瞋恚于不可喜之色。”尊者，世尊在那里便是如此详细分别解说了防护。

Vedanāsaṃyutta

受相应

Daṭṭhabbasutta

应知经

Pucchā – tenāvuso [Pg.147] bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena vedanāsaṃyutte pañcamaṃ daṭṭhabbasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，那位世尊……乃至……正自觉者在《受相应》中所宣说的第五经《应知经》，是在何处，针对何人，以及如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘tisso imā bhikkhave vedanā. Katamā tisso, sukhā vedanā dukkhāvedanā adukkhamasukhā vedanā. Sukhā bhikkhave vedanā dukkhato daṭṭhabbā, dukkhā vedanā sallato daṭṭhabbā, adukkhamasukhā vedanā aniccato daṭṭhabbā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在释迦族的迦毗罗卫尼拘律园，针对众多比丘，世尊以“诸比丘，有此三受。是哪三者？乐受、苦受、不苦不乐受。诸比丘，乐受应被视为苦，苦受应被视为箭，不苦不乐受应被视为无常。”等语宣说的。

Sukhā [Pg.148] bhikkhave vedanā dukkhato daṭṭhabbā.

诸比丘，乐受应被视为苦。

Yo sukhaṃ dukkhato addasa, dukkhamaddakkhi sallato;

Adukkhamasukhaṃ santaṃ, addakkhinaṃ aniccato.

若人视乐为苦，视苦为箭，视平静之不苦不乐为无常。

Sa ve sammaddaso bhikkhu, parijānāti vedanā;

So vedanā pariññāya, diṭṭhe dhamme anāsavo;

Kāyassa bhedā dhammaṭṭho, saṅkhyaṃ nopeti vedagū.

那具足正见的比丘，了知诸受。他因遍知诸受，故于现法中无漏。身坏之后，他安住于法，这位通达者不再落入名数。

Sallasutta

箭经

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.149] āvuso chaṭṭhaṃ sallasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊是在何处，针对何人，以及如何宣说第六《箭经》的呢？

Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘assutavā bhikkhave puthujjano sukhampi vedanaṃ vedayati, dukkhampi vedanaṃ vedayati, adukkhamasukhampi vedanaṃ vedayati. Sutavā bhikkhave ariyasāvako sukhampi vedanaṃ vedayati, dukkhampi vedanaṃ vedayati, adukkhamasukhampi vedanaṃ vedayati. Tatra bhikkhave ko viseso, ko adhippayāso, kiṃ nānākaraṇaṃ sutavato ariyabhāvakassa assutavatā puthujjanenā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在释迦族的迦毗罗卫(Kapilavatthu)尼拘律园(Nigrodhārāma)，针对众多比丘，世尊以“诸比丘，未曾听闻的凡夫感受乐受，感受苦受，也感受不苦不乐受。已听闻的圣弟子也感受乐受，感受苦受，也感受不苦不乐受。那么，诸比丘，已听闻的圣弟子与未曾听闻的凡夫，于此有何殊胜，有何差别，有何不同呢？”等语宣说的。

Jambukhādakasaṃyutta

瞻部喀达咖相应

Nibbānapañhāsutta

涅槃问经

Pucchā – jambukhādakasaṃyutte [Pg.154] āvuso paṭhamaṃ nibbānapañhāsuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，在瞻部喀达咖相应中，第一《涅槃问经》是在哪里、关于谁、在什么事上、由谁以及如何说的？

Vissajjanā – magadhesu bhante nālakagāmake jambukhādakaṃ paribbājakaṃ ārabbha āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ. Jambukhādako bhante paribbājako āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ etadavoca ‘‘nibbānaṃ nibbānanti āvuso sāriputta vuccati, katamaṃ nukho āvuso nibbāna’’nti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘yo [Pg.155] kho āvuso rāgakkhayo dosakkhayo mohakkhayo, idaṃ vuccati nibbāna’’nti evamādinā āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在摩揭陀(Magadha)的纳拉咖(Nālaka)村，法将具寿舍利弗长老针对游行者瞻部喀达咖(Jambukhādaka)说了此经。尊者，游行者瞻部喀达咖对具寿舍利弗这样说：“舍利弗贤友，人们说‘涅槃，涅槃’，贤友，什么是涅槃呢？”尊者，关于这事，法将具寿舍利弗长老以“贤友，凡是贪的灭尽、瞋的灭尽、痴的灭尽，这被称为涅槃”等语作答。

Dhammavādīpañhāsutta

说法者问经

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.157] āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi tatiyaṃ saṃgītaṃ dhammavādīpañhāsuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，古代结集圣典的大长老们所结集的第三《说法者问经》，是在哪里、关于谁、在什么事上、由谁以及如何说的？

Vissajjanā – magadhesuyeva bhante nālakagāme jambukhādakaṃ paribbājakaṃ ārabbha āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ. Jambukhādako bhante paribbājako āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ke nu kho āvuso sāriputta loke dhammavādino, ke loke suppaṭipannā, ke loke sugatā’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘ye kho āvuso rāgappahānāya dhammaṃ desenti, dosappahānāya dhammaṃ desenti, mohappahānāya dhammaṃ desenti. Te loke dhammavādino’’ti evamādinā āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，就在摩揭陀(Magadha)的纳拉咖(Nālaka)村，法将具寿舍利弗长老针对游行者瞻部喀达咖(Jambukhādaka)说了此经。尊者，游行者瞻部喀达咖对具寿舍利弗这样说：“舍利弗贤友，世间谁是说法者？世间谁是善行道者？世间谁是善逝？”尊者，关于这事，法将具寿舍利弗长老以“贤友，凡是为了断除贪而说法，为了断除瞋而说法，为了断除痴而说法的人，他们就是世间的说法者”等语作答。

Ke [Pg.158] loke suppaṭipannā.

世间谁是善行道者？

Ke loke sugatā.

世间谁是善逝？

Dukkarapañhāsutta

难行问经

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.161] porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhaka mahātherehi pariyosānasuttabhāvena saṃgītaṃ dukkarapañhāsuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：在此，古代结集圣典的大长老们作为结尾经而结集的《难行问经》，是在哪里、关于谁、在什么事上、由谁以及如何说的？

Vissajjanā – magadhesuyeva nālakagāme jambukhādakaṃ paribbājakaṃ ārabbha āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ. Jambukhādako bhante paribbājako āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kiṃ nu kho āvuso sāriputta imasmiṃ dhammavinaye dukkara’’nti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘pabbajjā kho āvuso imasmiṃ dhammavinaye dukkarā’’ti evamādinā āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ.

答：就在摩揭陀的纳拉咖村，法将具寿舍利弗长老针对游行者瞻部喀达咖说了此经。尊者，游行者瞻部喀达咖对具寿舍利弗这样说：“舍利弗贤友，于此法律中，什么是难行的呢？”尊者，关于此事，法将具寿舍利弗长老以“贤友，于此法律中，出家是难行的”等语作答。

Moggallānasaṃyutta

目犍连相应

Sakkasutta

帝释经

Pucchā – moggallānasaṃyutte [Pg.163] āvuso dasamaṃ saṃgītaṃ sakkasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，在目犍连相应中，第十部被结集的《帝释经》是在哪里、关于谁、由谁以及如何说的？

Vissajjanā – devesu bhante tāvatiṃsesu sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ ārabbha ‘‘sādhu kho devānaminda buddhasaraṇagamanaṃ hoti, buddhasaraṇagamanahetu kho devānaminda [Pg.164] evamidhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjantī’’ti evamādinā bhante āyasmatā mahāmoggallānattherena bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在三十三天中，具寿大目犍连长老针对天帝释，以“善哉，天帝！皈依佛是善的。天帝，正是因为皈依佛，有些有情在身体分解、死后，投生到善趣、天界”等语说了此经。

Cittasaṃyutta

质多相应

Nigaṇṭhanāṭaputtasutta

尼乾陀若提子经

Pucchā – cittasaṃyutte [Pg.168] āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi aṭṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ nigaṇṭhanāṭaputtasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，在质多相应中，古代结集圣典的大长老们所结集的第八部《尼乾陀若提子经》，是在哪里、关于谁、在什么事上、由谁以及如何说的？

Vissajjanā – macchikāsaṇḍe bhante nigaṇṭhaṃ nāṭaputtaṃ ārabbha cittena gahapatinā bhāsitaṃ. Nigaṇṭho bhante nāṭaputto cittaṃ gahapatiṃ etadavoca ‘‘saddahasi tvaṃ gahapati samaṇassa gotamassa atthi avitakko avicāro samādhi, atthi vitakkavicārānaṃ nirodho’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘na khvāhaṃ ettha bhante bhagavato saddhāya gacchāmi, atthi avitakko avicāro samādhi, atthi vitakkavicārānaṃ nirodho’’ti evamādinā cittena gahapatinā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在马奇咖三答，此经是家主质多针对尼乾陀若提子所说。尊者，尼乾陀若提子对家主质多这样说：“家主，你是否相信沙门乔达摩有无寻无伺的定，有寻与伺的止息？”尊者，关于此事，家主质多以“尊者，于此，我并非出于对世尊的信而接受，确实有无寻无伺的定，有寻与伺的止息”等语作答。

Idaṃ [Pg.169] bhavanto passantu.

诸位贤者，请看此。

Yāva ujuko cāyaṃ citto gahapati.

这位家主质多是多么正直啊！

‘‘Ahaṃ [Pg.170] kho bhante yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi, vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi’’ –

“尊者，只要我愿意，我便离于欲，离于不善法，进入并安住于由远离而生、有寻有伺、具足喜乐的初禅。”

Idaṃ [Pg.171] bhavanto passantu.

诸位贤者，请看此。

Acelakassapasutta

裸体迦叶经

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.172] āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi navamaṃ saṃgītaṃ acelakassapasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，古代的持法大长老们所诵出的第九部《裸体迦叶经》，是在何处，缘于何人，关于何事，由谁，以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – tattheva bhante macchikāsaṇḍe acelaṃ kassapaṃ ārabbha cittena gahapatinā bhāsitaṃ. Acelo bhante kassapo cittaṃ gahapatiṃ etadavoca ‘‘imehi pana te gahapati tiṃsamattehi vassehi atthi koci uttarimanussadhammo alamariyañāṇadassanaviseso adhigato phāsuvihāro’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘gihinopi siyā bhante ahañhi bhante yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi, vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmī’’ti evamādinā cittena gahapatinā bhāsitaṃ.

回答——尊者，此经是在马奇咖三答(Macchikāsaṇḍa)，以裸体迦叶为缘，由居士质多(Citta)所说。尊者，裸体迦叶对居士质多说：“居士，你在这三十年左右的时间里，可曾证得任何超人法，即圣智见的殊胜，并证得安乐住？”尊者，就此事，居士质多说了这样的话：“尊者，在家人也可能。尊者，只要我意愿，就能远离诸欲，远离不善法，进入并安住于有寻、有伺、离生喜乐的初禅。”如此等等，由居士质多所说。

Gāmaṇisaṃyutta

村长相应

Caṇḍasutta

暴恶经

Pucchā – tenāvuso [Pg.175] bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena gāmaṇisaṃyutte paṭhamaṃ caṇḍasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，彼世尊……乃至……正自觉者，在《村长相应》中所宣说的第一《暴恶经》，是在何处，缘于何人，关于何事，以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ [Pg.176] bhante caṇḍaṃ gāmaṇiṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Caṇḍo bhante gāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ko nu kho bhante hetu ko paccayo, yena midhekacco caṇḍo caṇḍotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Ko pana bhante hetu ko paccayo, yena midhekacco sorato soratotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchatī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘idha gāmaṇi ekaccassa rāgo appahīno hoti, rāgassa appahīnattā pare kopenti, parehi kopiyamāno kopaṃ pātukaroti, so caṇḍotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

回答——尊者，此经是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，以旃陀(Caṇḍa)村长为缘而说。尊者，旃陀村长对世尊说：“世尊，是什么因、什么缘，使得有的人被称为暴戾者？又是什么因、什么缘，使得有的人被称为温和者？”尊者，就此事，世尊说：“村长，于此，有人的贪欲没有断除。因为贪欲没有断除，他人激怒他；被他人激怒时，他就显露出愤怒，因此被称为暴戾者。”如此等等，由世尊所说。

Khettūpamasutta

田地本行

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.178] āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi sattamaṃ saṃgītaṃ khettūpamasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，古代的持法大长老们所诵出的第七部《田地《本行》》，是在何处，缘于何人，关于何事，以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – nāḷandāyaṃ bhante pāvārikambavane asibandhakaputtaṃ gāmaṇiṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Asibandhakaputto bhante gāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘nanu bhante bhagavā sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī viharatīti. Evaṃ gāmaṇi tathāgato sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī viharatīti. Atha kiñcarahi bhante bhagavā ekaccānaṃ sakkaccaṃ dhammaṃ deseti, ekaccānaṃ no tathā [Pg.179] sakkaccaṃ dhammaṃ desetī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘tena hi gāmaṇi taññevettha paṭipucchissāmi, yathā te khameyya, tathā naṃ byākareyyāsī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

回答——尊者，此经是在那烂陀(Nāḷandā)的跋瓦瑞咖(Pāvārika)芒果园，以阿西班达卡普塔(Asibandhakaputta)村长为缘而说。尊者，阿西班达卡普塔村长对世尊说：“尊者，难道世尊不是对一切有情众生怀着利益与悲悯而安住吗？”“是的，村长，如来对一切有情众生怀着利益与悲悯而安住。”“那么，尊者，为何世尊对一些人殷勤说法，对另一些人却不那么殷勤说法呢？”尊者，就此事，世尊说：“那么，村长，我将就此反问你，你随自己的意思回答。”如此等等，由世尊所说。

Saṅkhadhamasutta

吹螺者经

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.183] āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhaka mahātherehi aṭṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ saṅkhadhamasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，关于古代持法大长老们所结集的第八部《吹螺者经》，世尊是在何处、以何人为缘、以何事、以及如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – nāḷandāyaṃyeva bhante pāvārikambavane asibandhakaputtaṃ gāmaṇiṃ nigaṇṭhasāvakaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Bhagavā bhante asibandhakaputtaṃ gāmaṇiṃ nigaṇṭhasāvakaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kathaṃ nu kho gāmaṇi nigaṇṭho nāṭaputto sāvakānaṃ dhammaṃ desetī’’ti. Evaṃ kho bhante nigaṇṭho nāṭaputto sāvakānaṃ dhammaṃ deseti ‘‘yo koci pāṇaṃ atipāteti, sabbo so āpāyiko nerayiko. (Peyyāla) yaṃbahulaṃ yaṃbahulaṃ viharati, tena tena nīyatī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘yaṃbahulaṃ yaṃbahulañca gāmaṇi viharati, tena tena nīyati, evaṃ sante na koci āpāyiko nerayiko bhavissati, yathā nigaṇṭhassa nāṭaputtassa vacana’’nti evaṃ kho bhagavatā saṃkhittena bhāsitaṃ.

回答——尊者，就在那烂陀(Nāḷandā)的跋瓦瑞咖(pāvārika)芒果园，此经是以尼乾陀的弟子阿西班达卡普塔(Asibandhakaputta)村长为缘而说。尊者，世尊对尼乾陀的弟子阿西班达卡普塔村长说：“村长，尼乾陀·若提子(Nigaṇṭha Nāṭaputto)是如何教导他的弟子的？”（村长答：）“尊者，尼乾陀·若提子这样教导他的弟子：‘凡杀生者，皆堕恶趣、地狱……（乃至）……人多安住于何处，即被引至何处。’”尊者，就此事，世尊简要地说了：“村长，若‘人多安住于何处，即被引至何处’，果真如此，则依尼乾陀·若提子之言，将无人堕于恶趣、地狱。”

Yaṃ bahulavāda

多住论

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.185] tattha bhagavatā yaṃbahulavāde doso pakāsito.

提问——贤友，世尊在那里是如何开示多住论的过失的？

Vissajjanā – taṃ kiṃ maññasi gāmaṇi, yo so puriso pāṇātipātī rattiyā vā divasassa vā samayāsamayaṃ upādāya katamo bahutaro samayo yaṃ vāso pāṇamatipāteti. Yaṃ vā so pāṇaṃ nātipātetīti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā asibandhakaṃ nigaṇṭhanāṭaputtassa sāvakaṃ gāmaṇiṃ pucchitvā pucchitvā yaṃbahulavāde doso pakāsito.

回答——“村长，你认为如何？一个杀生的人，算上白天和黑夜，是他杀生的时间多，还是他不杀生的时间多？”尊者，世尊就是这样，通过反复诘问尼乾陀·若提子的弟子阿西班达卡普塔村长，开示了多住论的过失。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.188] tattha bhagavatā anekaṃsa vipākakammassa ekaṃ savipākavāde doso pakāsito.

提问——贤友，世尊在那里是如何开示，对于果报不定的业，主张其有确定果报之论的过失？

Vissajjanā – idha gāmaṇi ekacco satthā evaṃvādī hoti evaṃdiṭṭhi yo koci pāṇamatipāteti, sabbo so āpāyiko nerayikoti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā anekaṃsa kammavipākassa ekaṃsavipākavāde doso vitthāretvā pakāsito.

回答——“村长，于此，有某位导师持如是说、如是见：凡杀生者，皆堕恶趣、地狱。”尊者，世尊就是如此这般，在那里详细地开示了，对于果报不定的业，主张其有确定果报之论的过失。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.189] tattha bhagavatā yathādhammasāsane guṇovibhajitvā pakāsito.

提问——贤友，世尊在那里是如何在如法教导中，分别并开示其功德的？

Vissajjanā – idha [Pg.190] pana gāmaṇi tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaropurisa dammasārathi satthādevamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā, so anekapariyāyena pāṇātipātaṃ garahati vigarahati. ‘‘Pāṇātipātā viramathā’’ti cāhāti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā tattha yathādhammasāsane guṇo vitthāretvā pakāsito.

回答——再者，村长，如来出现于世间，是阿罗汉、正等觉者、明行具足者、善逝、世间解、无上士、调御丈夫、天人师、佛、世尊。他以多种方式呵责、谴责杀生，并且说：“你们应当远离杀生。”尊者，世尊就是这样，在如法的教导中，详细开示了（不杀生的）功德。

Bhadrakasutta

跋陀罗迦经

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.193] āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi ekādasamaṃ saṃgītaṃ bhadrakasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，古代结集法藏的大长老们所结集的第十一经《跋陀罗迦经》，是世尊在何处、针对谁、以何事由、以及如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – mallesu bhante uruvelakappenāma mallānaṃ nigame bhadrakaṃ gāmaṇiṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Bhadrako bhante gāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘sādhu me bhante bhagavā dukkhassa samudayañca atthaṅgamañca desetū’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘ahañce te gāmaṇi atītamaddhānaṃ ārabbha dukkhassa samudayañca atthaṅgamañca deseyyaṃ ‘evaṃ ahosi atītamaddhāna’nti. Tatra te siyā kaṅkhā siyā vimatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在末罗国一个名叫优楼频螺劫波(Uruvelakappa)的末罗人市镇，此经是针对跋陀罗迦(Bhadraka)村长而说的。尊者，跋陀罗迦村长对世尊这样说：“尊者，善哉！愿世尊为我开示苦的生起与息灭。”尊者，关于此事，世尊是这样开始说的：“村长，如果我为你解说关于过去的苦的生起与息灭，说：‘过去曾是这样’，你对此可能会有困惑，可能会有疑虑。”

Sādhu [Pg.194] me bhante bhagavā dukkhassaSamudayañca atthaṅgamañca desetu–

尊者，善哉！愿世尊为我开示苦的生起与息灭。

‘‘Taṃ [Pg.195] kiṃ maññasi gāmaṇi, atthi uruvelakappe manussā’’ –

“村长，你认为如何？在优楼频螺劫波有人吗？”

Rāsiyasutta

罗希耶经

Pucchā – tenāvuso [Pg.199] bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena gāmaṇisaṃyutte dvādasamaṃ saṃgītaṃ rāsiyasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，世尊、阿罗汉、正等觉者在《村长相应》中结集的第十二经《罗希耶经》，是在何处、针对谁、以何事由、以及如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – mallesu bhante uruvelakappenāma mallānaṃ nigame rāsiyaṃ gāmaṇiṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Rāsiyo bhante gāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadadoca [Pg.200] ‘‘sutaṃ me bhante ‘samaṇo gotamo sabbaṃ tapaṃ garahati, sabbaṃ tamassiṃ lūkhajīviṃ ekaṃsena upavadati upakkosatī’’ti. Ye te bhante evamāhaṃsu ‘samaṇo gotamo sabbaṃ tapaṃ garahati, sabbaṃ tapassiṃ lūkhajīviṃ ekaṃsena upavadati upakkosatī’’ti. Kacci te bhante bhagavato vuttavādino, na ca bhagavantaṃ abhūtena abbhācikkhanti, dhammassa cānudhammaṃ byākarontī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ye te gāmaṇi evamāhaṃsu ‘‘samaṇo gotamo sabbaṃ tapaṃ garahati, sabbaṃ tapassiṃ lūkhajīviṃ ekaṃsena upavadati upakkosatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在末罗国一个名叫优楼频螺劫波(Uruvelakappa)的末罗人市镇，此经是针对罗希耶(Rāsiya)村长而说的。尊者，罗希耶村长前来拜见世尊，说了这番话：“尊者，我听说：‘沙门乔达摩谴责一切苦行，完全贬低、呵斥所有过着粗陋生活的苦行者。’那些如此说的人，他们是否如实转述了世尊的话，没有以不实之词诽谤世尊，并且如法地解释法呢？”尊者，关于此事，世尊是这样开始对村长说的：“村长，那些说‘沙门乔达摩谴责一切苦行……’的人……”

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.202] tattha bhagavatā garahitabbāgarahitabbā kāmabhogino vitthārena vibhajitvā pakāsitā.

问：贤友，在那里，世尊是如何详细分别开示那些应受谴责与不应受谴责的耽于欲乐者？

Vissajjanā – tayo kho me gāmaṇi kāmabhogino santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo. Idha gāmaṇi ekacco kāmabhogī adhammena [Pg.203] bhoge pariyesati sāhasena, adhammena bhoge pariyesitvā sāhasena na attānaṃ sukheti na pīṇeti, na saṃvibhajati na puññāni karotīti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā garahitabbāgarahitabbā kāmabhogino vitthārena vibhajitvā pakāsitā.

答：“村长，世间确实存在三种耽于欲乐的人。是哪三种呢？村长，在此，有一种耽于欲乐者，他以非法、暴力的方式寻求财富；在以非法、暴力的方式寻求到财富后，他既不令自己快乐满足，也不与人分享，也不行善积德。”尊者，世尊正是像这样开始详细地分别、开示了那些应受谴责与不应受谴责的耽于欲乐者。

Pucchā – kathañcāvuso [Pg.207] tattha bhagavatā garahitabbāgarahitabbā tapassino lūkhajīvino vitthārena vibhajitvā pakāsitā.

问：贤友，在那里，世尊是如何详细分别开示那些应受谴责与不应受谴责的、过着粗陋生活的苦行者？

Vissajjanā – tayo me gāmaṇi tapassino lūkhajīvino santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo. Idha gāmaṇī ekacco tapassī lūkhajīvī saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito hoti ‘‘appeva nāma kusalaṃ dhammaṃ adhigaccheyyaṃ, appeva nāma uttarimanussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanavisesaṃ sacchikareyya’’nti, so attānaṃ ātāpeti paritāpeti, kusalañca dhammaṃ nādhigacchati, uttari ca manussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanavisesaṃ na sacchikarotīti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā garahitabbāgarahitabbā tapassino lūkhajīvino vitthārena vibhajitvā pakāsitā.

答：“村长，世间确实存在三种过着粗陋生活的苦行者。是哪三种呢？村长，在此，有一种过着粗陋生活的苦行者，他出于信心，从在家出家，过无家生活，心想：‘愿我能证得善法，愿我能亲证超乎常人的、圣者的知见之殊胜境。’但他折磨、煎熬自己，却未能证得善法，也未能亲证超乎常人的、圣者的知见之殊胜境。”尊者，世尊正是像这样开始详细地分别、开示了那些应受谴责与不应受谴责的、过着粗陋生活的苦行者。

Abyākatasaṃyutta

无记相应

Khemāsutta

翅摩经

Pucchā – abyākatasaṃyutte [Pg.209] panāvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhaka mahātherehi paṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ khemāsuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ. Kathañca taṃ bhagavatāpi puna bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，在《无记相应》中，古代结集法藏的大长老们所结集的第一经《翅摩经》，是在何处、针对谁、以何事由、由谁以及如何宣说的？此经后来又如何由世尊再次宣说？

Vissajjanā – antarā ca bhante sāvatthiṃ antarā ca sāketaṃ toraṇavatthusmiṃ padese rājānaṃ pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ ārabbha khemāya bhikkhuniyā bhāsitaṃ. Rājā bhante pasenadi kosalo yena khemā bhikkhunī tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi, ekamantaṃ nisinno kho bhante rājā pasenadikosalo khemaṃ bhikkhuniṃ etadavoca ‘‘kiṃ nukho ayye hoti tathāgato paraṃmaraṇā’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘abyākataṃ kho etaṃ mahārāja bhagavatā hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’ti evamādinā khemāya bhikkhuniyā bhāsitaṃ. Bhagavatā ca bhante aparena samayena raññā pasenadikosalena puṭṭhena evameva puna bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)与娑枳多(Sāketa)之间一个叫多罗那瓦睹(Toraṇavatthu)的地方，此经是翅摩(Khemā)比丘尼针对憍萨罗国的波斯匿王而说的。尊者，憍萨罗国的波斯匿王前去拜见翅摩比丘尼，顶礼后，坐在一旁。尊者，坐在一旁的憍萨罗国波斯匿王对翅摩比丘尼说：“尊者，如来死后存在吗？”尊者，关于此事，翅摩比丘尼是这样开始回答的：“大王，此点世尊未曾记说：如来死后存在。”尊者，后来，当憍萨罗国波斯匿王提问时，世尊也同样再次如此宣说。

Kiṃ [Pg.211] panayye nahoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā.

“那么，尊者，如来死后不存在吗？”

Kutūhalasālāsutta

集会所经

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.215] āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi navamaṃ saṃgītaṃ kutūhalasālāsuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，古代结集法的大长老们所结集的第九经《集会所经》，是世尊在何处、针对谁、以何事由、以及如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – vesāliyaṃ bhante vacchagottaṃ paribbājakaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Vacchagotto bhante paribbājako bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘purimāni bho gotama divasāni purimatarāni sambahulānaṃ nānātitthiyānaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ kutūhalasālāyaṃ sannisinnānaṃ sannipatitānaṃ ayamantarakathā udapādī’’ti evamādikaṃ vacanaṃ avoca. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘alañhi te vaccha kaṅkhituṃ, alaṃ vicikicchituṃ. Kaṅkhanīye ca pana te ṭhāne vicikicchā uppannā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，这是在毗舍离(Vesālī)，针对游方者瓦差种所说的。尊者，游方者瓦差种前来拜见世尊说：“乔达摩先生，前些日子，许多不同外道的沙门、婆罗门、游方者聚集在集会所，坐在一起时，生起了这样的谈话……”他说了这样的话。尊者，关于此事，世尊是这样开始宣说的：“瓦差，你理当存疑，理当困惑。因为在你该困惑之处，生起了困惑。”

Mahāvaggasaṃyuttapāḷi

大品相应

Avijjāvagga

无明品

Upaḍḍhasutta

半经

Pucchā – mahāvaggasaṃyutte [Pg.219] panāvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi dutiyaṃ saṃgītaṃ upaḍḍhasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，于《大品相应》中，古代的法结集者大长老们所结集的第二经《半经》，是世尊在何处、针对何人、缘于何事，以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante sakkare nāma sakyānaṃ nigame āyasmantaṃ ānandattheraṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante ānandatthero bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘upaḍḍhamidaṃ bhante brahmacariyaṃ yadidaṃ kalyāṇamittatā kalyāṇasahāyatā kalyāṇasampavaṅkatā’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘mā hevaṃ ānanda, mā hevaṃ ānanda, sakalamevidaṃ ānanda brahmacariyaṃ yadidaṃ kalyāṇamittatā kalyāṇasahāyatā kalyāṇasampavaṅkatā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是在释迦国一个名叫萨迦罗(Sakkara)的释迦族市镇，针对具寿阿难长老而说。尊者，具寿阿难长老对世尊这样说：“尊者，这善友谊、善伴侣、善随从，是梵行的一半。”尊者，缘于此事，世尊以“阿难，不要这样说！阿难，不要这样说！阿难，这善友谊、善伴侣、善随从，是整个梵行。”等语宣说。

Mamaṃ [Pg.220] hi ānanda kalyāṇamittaṃ āgamma jātidhammā sattā jātiyā parimuccanti.

阿难，众生以我为善友，有生法者，得以从生中解脱。

Bojjhaṅgasaṃyutta

觉支相应

Kuṇḍaliyasutta

衮达利亚经

Pucchā – bojjhaṅgasaṃyutte [Pg.221] panāvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi chaṭṭhaṃ saṃgītaṃ kuṇḍaliyasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，于《觉支相应》中，古代的法结集者大长老们所结集的第六经《衮达利亚经》，是世尊在何处、针对何人、缘于何事，以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sākete bhante añjanavane migadāye kuṇḍaliyaṃ paribbājakaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Kuṇḍaliyo bhante paribbājako bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘ahamasmi bho gotama ārāmanissayī parisāvacaro, tassa mayhaṃ bho gotama pacchābhattaṃ bhuttapātarāsassa ayamācāro hoti ārāmena ārāmaṃ uyyānena uyyānaṃ anucaṅkamāmi anuvicarāmi, so tattha passāmi eke samaṇabrāhmaṇe itivādappamokkhānisaṃsañceva kathaṃ kathante upārambhānisaṃsañca, bhavaṃ pana gotamo kimānisaṃso viharatī’’ti etaṃ vacanaṃ avoca. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘vijjāvimuttiphalānisaṃso [Pg.222] kho kuṇḍaliya tathāgato viharatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，是在娑枳多(Sāketa)安阇那林(Añjanavana)的鹿野苑，针对游方者衮达利亚而说。尊者，游方者衮达利亚前来拜见世尊，说了这番话：“贤者乔达摩，我是一个依靠园林、出入大众的人。贤者乔达摩，我用过早餐后，习惯于从一园林到另一园林，从一苑囿到另一苑囿，经行、漫游。在那里，我见到一些沙门、婆罗门，谈论着‘如此说’能解脱的利益以及诘难的利益。那么，乔达摩尊者，您是为着什么利益而安住呢？”尊者，缘于此事，世尊以“衮达利亚，如来是为明与解脱之果的利益而安住。”等语宣说。

Paṭhama gilānasutta

第一病经

Pucchā – tenāvuso [Pg.224] bhagavvatā jānatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena bojjhaṅgasaṃyutte dutiye gilānavagge paṭhamagilānasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，那知者、见者……正自觉者的世尊，在觉支相应的第二病品中，是在何处，针对何人，缘于何事，以及如何宣说了《第一病经》呢？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante pippaliguhāyaṃ āyasmantaṃ mahākassapattheraṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante mahākassapatthero pippaliguhāyaṃ viharati ābādhiko dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. Atha kho bhante bhagavā sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yenāyasmā mahākassapo tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi, nisajja kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ [Pg.225] etadavoca– ‘‘kacci te kassapa khamanīyaṃ, kacci yāpanīyaṃ, kacci dukkhā vedanā paṭikkamanti no abhikkamanti, paṭikkamosānaṃ paññāyati no abhikkamoti. Na me bhante khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ, bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti no paṭikkamanti, abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati no paṭikkamo’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘sattime kassapa bojjhaṅgā mayā sammadakkhātā bhāvitā bahulīkatā abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattantī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

回答——尊者，在王舍城(Rājagaha)的毕巴离洞窟(Pippaliguhā)，这是针对具寿大迦叶(Mahākassapa)长老所说的。尊者，具寿大迦叶长老住在毕巴离洞窟，生病、痛苦、病重。当时，尊者，世尊在傍晚时分从静居处起身，前往具寿大迦叶长老所在之处。抵达后，在已备好的座位上坐下。坐下后，世尊对具寿大迦叶长老说：“迦叶，你还好吗？还能忍受吗？痛苦的感受是减轻了还是加重了？是显示减轻而非加重吗？”“尊者，我不好，不能忍受。我剧烈的痛苦感受正在加重而非减轻，显示的是加重而非减轻。”尊者，关于此事，世尊以“迦叶，这七觉支是我善说的，若加以修习、多修习，则导向亲证、正觉、涅槃”等为开端而作了开示。

Udāyisutta

优陀夷经

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.227] āvuso tatiye udāyivagge porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi dasamaṃ saṃgītaṃ udāyisuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，在第三优陀夷品中，由古代结集法的大长老们所结集的第十《优陀夷经》，是世尊在何处、针对谁、就何事以及如何开示的？

Vissajjanā – sumbhesu bhante setakenāma sumbhānaṃ nigame āyasmantaṃ udāyittheraṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante udāyitthero bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘acchariyaṃ bhante, abbhutaṃ bhante, yāva bahukatañca me bhante bhagavati pemañca gāravo ca hirī ca ottappañcāti evamādikaṃ vacanaṃ avoca. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘sādhu sādhu udāyi eso hi te udāyi maggo paṭiladdho. Yo te bhāvito bahulīkato, tathā tathā viharantaṃ tathattāya upanessati, yathā tvaṃ ‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānissatī’’ti. Evaṃ kho bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

回答——尊者，是在孙婆(Sumbha)国一个名叫瑟德迦(Setaka)的市镇，针对具寿优陀夷(Udāyī)长老而开示的。尊者，具寿优陀夷长老去到世尊那里，说道：“尊者，真是稀有！尊者，真是未曾有！尊者，我对世尊有如此多的爱、敬、惭与愧！”尊者，就此事，世尊说道：“善哉，善哉，优陀夷！优陀夷，你已获得此道。你已修习、多修习它，如此安住，它将会引领你达到实证，以致你将了知：‘生已尽，梵行已立，所作已办，不受后有。’”世尊是这样开示的。

Satipaṭṭhānasaṃyutta

念处相应

Satisutta

念经

Pucchā – satipaṭṭhānasaṃyutte [Pg.230] āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhaka mahātherehi dutiyaṃ saṃgītaṃ satisuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ kārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问——贤友，在念处相应中，由古代结集法的大长老们所结集的第二《念经》，是世尊在何处、针对谁以及如何开示的？

Vissajjanā – vesāliyaṃ bhante ambapālivane sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘sato bhikkhave bhikkhu vihareyya sampajāno ayaṃ vo amhākaṃ anusāsanī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答——尊者，是在毗舍离的庵婆波利园(Ambapālivana)，针对众多比丘，世尊以“比丘们，比丘应当具念、正知而住，这是我们对你们的教诫。”等话语开示的。

Sālasutta

萨罗经

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.232] āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi catutthaṃ saṃgītaṃ sālasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问——贤友，在那里，由古代结集法的大长老们所结集的第四《萨罗经》，是世尊在何处、针对谁以及如何开示的？

Vissajjanā – kosalesu bhante sālāyanāma kesalānaṃ brāhmaṇagāme sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘ye te bhikkhave bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ, te vo bhikkhave bhikkhū catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ bhāvanāya samādapetabbā nivesetabbā patiṭṭhāpetabbā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答——尊者，是在憍萨罗一个名叫萨罗(Sālā)的婆罗门村，针对众多比丘，世尊以“比丘们，那些新出家、不久前才来到此法与律的比丘，你们应当劝导、引导、确立他们修习四念处。”等话语开示的。

Sakuṇagghisutta

鹰隼经

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.234] āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi chaṭṭhaṃ saṃgītaṃ sakuṇagghisuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问——贤友，在那里，由古代结集法的大长老们所结集的第六《鹰隼经》，是世尊在何处、针对谁以及如何开示的？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘bhūtapubbaṃ bhikkhave sakuṇagghi lāpaṃ sakuṇaṃ sahasā ajjhappattā aggahesi. Atha kho bhikkhave lāpo sakuṇo sakuṇagghiyā hariyamāno evaṃ paridevasi mayamevamha alakkhikā, mayaṃ appapuññā, ye mayaṃ agocare carimha paravisaye, sacejja mayaṃ gocare careyyāma sake pettike visaye, na myāhaṃ sakuṇagghi alaṃ abhavissa yadidaṃ yuddhāyā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答——尊者，是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对众多比丘，世尊以“比丘们，往昔，一只鹰隼突然猛扑并抓住了一只鹌鹑。比丘们，那只鹌鹑被鹰隼抓走时，如此悲叹：‘我们真是不幸，我们真是少福，因为我们到非行处、他人的领域去觅食。假如今天我们在自己的行处、自己祖先的领域觅食，这只鹰隼就不会是我的对手，也就是说，在战斗上。’”等话语开示的。

Mayamevamha [Pg.235] alakkhikā, mayaṃ appapuññā.

我们真是不幸，我们真是少福。

Ko pana te lāpa gocaro sako pettiko visayo.

鹌鹑啊，那什么是你的行处，你祖先的领域呢？

Yadidaṃ naṅgalakaṭṭhakaraṇaṃ leḍḍuṭṭhānaṃ.

那就是犁过的田地，土块遍布之处。

Ehi [Pg.236] kho dāni me sakuṇagghi, ehi kho dāni me sakuṇagghi,

来吧，鹰隼！来吧，鹰隼！

(Dāruguḷoviya vinivattitvā tasseva leḍḍussa antare paccupādi. Aṭṭhakathā)

（它）像木球一样转身，降落在那个土块中间。（义注）

Evañhi taṃ bhikkhave hoti yo agocare carati paravisaye.

比丘们，凡是到非行处、他人领域游荡者，就会如此。

Tasmātiha [Pg.237] bhikkhave mā agocare carittha paravisaye.

因此，比丘们，你们不要到非行处、他人的领域去游荡。

Gocare bhikkhave caratha sake pettike visaye.

比丘们，你们当在自己的行处，即祖先的领域游行。

Gocare bhikkhave carataṃ sake pettike visaye na lacchati māro otāraṃ, na lacchati māro ārammaṇaṃ.

比丘们，在自己的行处，即祖先的领域游行者，魔罗(Māra)得不到机会，魔罗得不到所缘。

Bhikkhunupassayasutta

比丘尼住处经

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.238] āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi dasamaṃ saṃgītaṃ bhikkhunupassayasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问——贤友，在那里，由古代结集法的大长老们所结集的第十《比丘尼住处经》，是世尊在何处、针对谁、就何事以及如何开示的？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ ānandattheraṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante ānando yāvattako ahosi bhikkhunīhi saddhiṃ kathāsallāpo taṃ sabbaṃ bhagavato ārocesi. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘evametaṃ ānanda, evametaṃ ānanda, yohi koci ānanda bhikkhu vā bhikkhunī vā catūsu satipaṭṭhānesu suppatiṭṭhitacitto viharati, tassetaṃ pāṭikaṅkhaṃ uḷāraṃ pubbenāparaṃ visesaṃ sañjānissatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答——尊者，是在舍卫城，针对具寿阿难长老而开示的。尊者，具寿阿难将他与比丘尼们的所有谈话，都禀告了世尊。尊者，就此事，世尊以“阿难，正是这样！阿难，正是这样！阿难，任何比丘或比丘尼，若安住于心善立于四念处，即可期待他了知次第增上的殊胜境界。”等话语开示的。

Cundasutta

纯陀经

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.242] āvuso dutiye nālandavagge porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi tatiyaṃ saṃgītaṃ cundasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问——贤友，在那第二那烂陀品中，由古代结集法的大长老们所结集的第三《纯陀经》，是世尊在何处、针对谁、就何事以及如何开示的？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃyeva ānandattheraṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante ānandatthero cundena samaṇuddesena saddhiṃ yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami. Upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho bhante āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ayaṃ bhante cundo samaṇuddeso evamāha ‘āyasmā bhante sāriputto parinibbuto, idamassa pattacīvara’nti. Api ca me bhante madhurakajāto viya kāyo, disāpi me na pakkhāyanti, dhammāpi maṃ nappaṭibhanti ‘āyasmā sāriputto parinibbuto’ti sutvā’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘kiṃ nu kho te ānanda sāriputto sīlakkhandhaṃ vā ādāya parinibbuto, samādhikkhandhaṃ vā, paññākkhandhaṃvā, vimuttikkhandhaṃvā, vimuttiñāṇadassanakkhandhaṃ vā ādāya parinibbuto’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答——尊者，是在舍卫城，针对具寿阿难长老而开示的。尊者，具寿阿难长老与沙弥纯陀一同前往世尊之处。他上前顶礼世尊后，坐于一旁。坐于一旁的具寿阿难对世尊说：“尊者，这位沙弥纯陀这样说：‘具寿舍利弗已般涅槃，这是他的衣钵。’尊者，我听闻‘具寿舍利弗已般涅槃’后，身体犹如麻木，方向不明，法也不再显现于心。”尊者，就此事，世尊以“阿难，舍利弗难道是带着戒蕴、或定蕴、或慧蕴、或解脱蕴、或解脱知见蕴而般涅槃的吗？”等话语开示的。

Ayaṃ [Pg.243] bhante cundosamaṇuddeso evamāha.

尊者，这位纯陀沙弥这样说。

Tasmātihānanda [Pg.245] attadīpā viharatha attasaraṇā anaññasaraṇā dhammadīpā dhammasaraṇā anaññasaraṇā.

因此，阿难，你们应当以自己为明灯而住，以自己为皈依，不以他人为皈依；以法为明灯，以法为皈依，不以其他为皈依。

Bāhiyasutta

跋希亚经

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.246] āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi pañcamaṃ saṃgītaṃ bāhiyasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问——贤友，关于由古代结集法的大长老们所结集的第五经《跋希亚经》，世尊是在何处，针对何人，以何事，以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ bāhiyaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante bāhiyo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘sādhu me bhante bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetu, yamahaṃ bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto vihareyya’’nti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘tasmātiha tvaṃ bāhiya ādimeva visodhehi kusalesu dhammesu. Ko cādikusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ, sīlañca suvisuddhaṃ diṭṭhica ujukā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答——尊者，此经是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对具寿跋希亚而说的。具寿跋希亚对世尊说：“尊者，请世尊为我简略地宣说佛法，以便我听闻世尊的教法后，能够独自隐退，不放逸、有热忱、坚定意志地安住。”尊者，正是在此事上，世尊以“因此，跋希亚，你应当首先在善法上进行净化。什么是善法的开端呢？就是非常清净的戒和正直的见。”等语说道。

Sīlaṭṭhitivagga

戒住品

Ciraṭṭhitisutta

久住经

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.248] āvuso tatiye sīlaṭṭhitivagge porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi dutiyaṃ saṃgītaṃ ciraṭṭhitisuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问——贤友，关于在那第三戒住品中，由古代结集法的大长老们所结集的第二经《久住经》，是在何处，针对何人，以何事，由谁，以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – pāṭaliputte bhante āyasmantaṃ bhaddaṃ ārabbha āyasmatā ānandattherena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante bhaddo sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ko nu kho āvuso ānanda hetu ko paccayo, yena tathāgate parinibbute saddhammo na ciraṭṭhitiko hoti, ko panāvuso ānanda hetu ko paccayo, yena tathāgate parinibbute saddhammo ciraṭṭhitiko hotī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘sādhu sādhu āvuso bhadda, bhaddako kho te āvuso bhadda ummaṅgo’’ti evamādinā āyasmatā ānandattherena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena bhāsitaṃ.

答——尊者，此经是在华氏城(Pāṭaliputta)，由法藏守护者具寿阿难长老，针对具寿跋陀而说的。尊者，具寿跋陀于傍晚时分从独住中起身，前往具寿阿难之处，抵达后对具寿阿难说：“阿难贤友，是何因何缘，于如来般涅槃后，正法不能久住？又是何因何缘，于如来般涅槃后，正法能够久住？”尊者，关于此事，法藏守护者具寿阿难长老以“善哉，善哉，贤友跋陀！贤友跋陀，你的提问很好！”等语说道。

Bhaddako [Pg.249] te āvuso bhadda ummaṅgo.

贤友跋陀，你的提问很好。

‘‘Catunnaṃ [Pg.250] kho āvuso satipaṭṭhānānaṃ abhāvitattā abahulīkatattā tathāgate parinibbute saddhammo na ciraṭṭhitiko hotī’’ –

“贤友，正是由于对四念处不修习、不多修，如来般涅槃后正法才不能久住。”

Sirivaḍḍhasutta

吉祥增经

Pucchā – tassāvuso bhagavatā arahato sammāsambuddhassa pāvacanasamudayabhūtāya mahāvaggapāḷiyā satipaṭṭhānasaṃyutte sīlaṭṭhitivagge navamaṃ sirivaḍḍhasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，关于世尊、阿罗汉、正自觉者教言总集之《大品》的念处相应部《戒住品》中，第九部《吉祥增经》，是在何处，针对何人，以何事由，由谁，以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante sirivaḍḍhaṃ gahapatiṃ ārabbha āyasmatā ānandattherena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena bhāsitaṃ. Sirivaḍḍho bhante gahapati ābādhiko hoti dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. Athakho bhante āyasmā ānando yenasirivaḍḍhassa gahapatissa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi[Pg.251]. Nisajja kho āyasmā ānando sirivaḍḍhaṃ gahapatiṃ etadavoca ‘‘kacci te gahapati khamanīyaṃ, kacci yāpanīyaṃ, kacci dukkhā vedanā paṭikkamanti no abhikkamanti, paṭikkamosānaṃ paññāyati no abhikkamo’’ti. Na me bhante khamanīyaṃ, na yāpanīyaṃ, bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti no paṭikkamanti, abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati no paṭikkamo’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘tasmātiha te gahapati evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ ‘kāye kāyānupassī viharissāmi ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhā domanassaṃ. Vedanāsu. Citte. Dhammesu dhammānupassī viharissāmi ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhā domanassa’nti. Evañhi te gahapati sikkhitabba’’nti. Evaṃ kho āyasmatā ānandattherena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena bhāsitaṃ.

回答——尊者，此经是在王舍城，由法藏守护者具寿阿难长老，针对吉祥增居士而说的。尊者，吉祥增居士生病、痛苦、病重。于是，具寿阿难前往吉祥增居士的住所，抵达后在铺设好的座位上坐下。坐下后，具寿阿难对吉祥增居士说：“居士，您是否还能忍受？是否还能维持？痛苦的感受是在消退还是在加剧？能看到其消退而非加剧吗？”“尊者，我不能忍受，不能维持。我剧烈的痛苦感受在加剧而非消退，能看到其加剧而非消退。”尊者，关于此事，法藏守护者具寿阿难长老说：“因此，居士，您应当这样学习：‘我将安住于身随观身，精勤、正知、具念，调伏世间的贪与忧；于诸受随观受……于心随观心……于诸法随观法，精勤、正知、具念，调伏世间的贪与忧。’居士，您应当这样学习。”此经即是如此由法藏守护者具寿阿难长老所说。

Iddhipādasaṃyutta

神足相应

Moggallānasutta

目犍连经

Pucchā – iddhipādasaṃyutte [Pg.254] āvuso catutthaṃ moggallānasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

提问——贤友，在《神足相应》中，第四《目犍连经》是世尊在何处，针对何人，以何事由，以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Sambahulā bhante bhikkhū heṭṭhāmigāramātupāsāde viharanti uddhatā unnaḷā capalā mukharā vikiṇṇavācā muṭṭhassatino asampajānā asamāhitā bhantacittā pākatindriyā. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ te bhikkhū saṃvejetvā ‘‘kiṃ nu tumhe bhikkhave saṃviggā lomahaṭṭhajātā ekamantaṃ ṭhitā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

回答——尊者，此经是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对众多比丘所说。尊者，当时众多比丘住在鹿母讲堂下层，他们是轻浮、骄慢、轻率、多话、言语杂乱、失念、不正知、不专注、心意散乱、放纵诸根的比丘。尊者，关于此事，具寿大目犍连警醒了那些比丘，世尊便以“诸比丘，你们为何惊恐、汗毛竖立地站立一旁？”等语说了此经。

Acchariyaṃ [Pg.256] vata bho, abbhutaṃ vata bho.

真是稀有啊，真是未曾有啊。

Nivātañca vata.

谦逊恭敬。

Ayañca migāramātupāsādo gambhīranemo.

这座鹿母讲堂的地基非常深。

Tumheva [Pg.257] kho bhikkhave saṃvejetukāmena moggallānena bhikkhunā pādaṅguṭṭhakena migāramātupāsādo saṅkampito sampakampito sampadhālito.

诸比丘，目犍连比丘为了警醒你们，用脚趾使鹿母讲堂震动、摇动、剧烈摇动。

Taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, katamesaṃ dhammānaṃ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā moggallāno bhikkhu evaṃ mahiddhiko evaṃ mahānubhāvo.

诸比丘，你们怎么认为？目犍连比丘是由于修习什么法、多修习什么法，而有如此大的神通力、如此大的威力呢？

Anuruddhasaṃyutta

阿那律相应

Bāḷhagilānasutta

重病经

Pucchā – anuruddhasaṃyutte [Pg.259] āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi dasamaṃ saṃgītaṃ bāḷhaginānasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，在阿那律相应中，古代结集法的大长老们所结集的第十《重病经》，是在哪里、针对谁、关于什么事、由谁以及如何说的？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha āyasmatā anuruddhattherena bhāsitaṃ. Sambahulā bhante bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ anuruddhaṃ ābādhikaṃ dukkhitaṃ bāḷhagilānaṃ etadavocuṃ ‘‘katamenāyasmato anuruddhassa vihārena viharato uppannā sārīrikā dukkhā vedanā cittaṃ na pariyādāya tiṭṭhantī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘catūsu kho me āvuso satipaṭṭhānesu suppatiṭṭhitacittassa viharato uppannā sārīrikā dukkhā vedanā cittaṃ na pariyādāya tiṭṭhantī’’ti evamādinā āyasmatā anuruddhattherena bhāsitaṃ.

答：大德，此经是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，由具寿阿那律长老针对众多比丘所说。大德，众多比丘对生病、痛苦、病得很重的具寿阿那律说：“具寿阿那律以何种安住而住时，生起的身体上的痛苦感受才不占据他的心？”大德，因为这件事，具寿阿那律长老以“贤友们，当我心善安住于四念处而住时，生起的身体上的痛苦感受不占据我的心。”等语说了此经。

Ānāpānasaṃyutta

入出息相应

Mahākappinasutta

摩诃劫宾那经

Pucchā – ānāpānasaṃyutte [Pg.261] āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi sattamaṃ saṃgītaṃ mahākappinasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，在入出息相应中，古代结集法的大长老们所结集的第七《摩诃劫宾那经》，是世尊在哪里、针对谁、以及如何说的？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘passatha no tumhe bhikkhave etassa bhikkhuno kāyassa iñjitattaṃ vā phanditabbaṃ vā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：大德，此经是世尊在舍卫城，针对众多比丘，以“诸比丘，你们是否看见这位比丘身体的动摇或颤动？”等语所说。

Icchānaṅgalasutta

伊车能伽罗经

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.263] āvuso dutiyavagge paṭhamaṃ icchānaṅgalasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，就在那相应中，第二品的第一《伊车能伽罗经》，是世尊在哪里、针对谁、以及如何说的？

Vissajjanā – icchānaṅgale bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘sace kho bhikkhave aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evaṃ puccheyyuṃ ‘katame nāvuso vihārena samaṇo gotamo vassāvāsaṃ bahulaṃ vihāsī’ti. Evaṃ puṭṭhā tumhe bhikkhave tesaṃ aññatitthiyānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ evaṃ byākareyyātha ānāpānassatisamādhinā kho āvuso bhagavā vassāvāsaṃ bahulaṃ vihāsī’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：大德，在伊车能伽罗(Icchānaṅgala)，世尊针对众多比丘，以“诸比丘，如果有其他外道游行者这样问：‘贤友，沙门乔达摩主要以何种住度过雨安居？’诸比丘，被这样问时，你们应当对那些外道游行者这样回答：‘贤友，世尊主要以入出息念定度过雨安居。’”等语说了此经。

Sotāpattisaṃyutta

入流相应

Cakkavattirājasutta

转轮王经

Pucchā – sotāpattisaṃyutte [Pg.266] āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi paṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ cakkavattirājasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，在《入流相应》中，古代结集法的大长老们所合诵的第一《转轮王经》，是世尊在哪里、为了谁、以及以什么方式说的？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘kiñcāpi bhikkhave rājā cakkavattī catunnaṃ dīpānaṃ issariyādhipaccaṃ rajjaṃ kāretvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ sahabyataṃ, so tattha nandane vane accharāsaṅghaparivuto dibbehi ca pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāreti so catūhi dhammehi asamannāgato, atha kho so aparimuttova nirayā, aparimutto tiracchānayoniyā, aparimutto pettivisayā, aparimutto apāyaduggativinipātā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：大德，此经是世尊在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)针对众多比丘所说：“诸比丘，即使转轮王统治四大洲，身坏命终后投生到善趣天界，与三十三天众为伴，他在那里的欢喜园(Nandanavana)中被天女群围绕，具足并享受着五种天界的欲乐，但如果他不具备四种法，就仍然没有从地狱解脱，没有从畜生道解脱，没有从饿鬼界解脱，没有从恶趣、苦处、堕处解脱。”大德，世尊以如是语等说了此经。

Dīghāvu upāsakasutta

长寿优婆塞经

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.268] āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi tatiyaṃ saṃgītaṃ dīghāvuupāsakasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，古代结集法的大长老们所合诵的第三部《长寿优婆塞经》，是世尊在何处、为了谁、在什么事上、以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – rājagahe [Pg.269] bhante dīghāvuṃ upāsakaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Bhagavā bhante dīghāvuṃ upāsakaṃ ābādhikaṃ dukkhitaṃ bāḷhagilānaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kacci te dīghāvu khamanīyaṃ, kacci yāpanīyaṃ, kacci dukkhā vedanā paṭikkamanti no abhikkamanti, paṭikkamosānaṃ paññāyati no abhikkamo’’ti. Na me bhante khamanīyaṃ, na yāpanīyaṃ bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti no paṭikkamanti, abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati no paṭikkamoti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘tasmātiha te dīghāvu evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgato bhavissāmī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：大德，此经是在王舍城(Rājagaha)，针对长寿(Dīghāvu)优婆塞所说。大德，世尊对患病、痛苦、病得很重的长寿优婆塞说了这些话：“长寿，你还能忍受吗？还能支撑吗？你的痛苦感受是在消退还是在加重？能看出是在消退还是在加重吗？”“大德，我不能忍受，不能支撑。我剧烈的痛苦感受在加重而非消退，能看出是在加重而非消退。”大德，就这件事，世尊以“因此，长寿，你应当这样学习：‘我将具备对佛陀不动的信心’”等话语说了此经。

Yānimāni [Pg.271] bhante bhagavatā cattāri sotāpattiyaṅgāni desitāni, saṃvijjante te dhammā mayi–

大德，世尊所教导的这四种入流支，这些法在我身上是存在的——

Tasmātiha tvaṃ dīghāvu imesu catūsu sotāpattiyaṅgesu patiṭṭhāya cha vijjābhāgiye dhamme uttari bhāveyyāsi–

因此，长寿，你应当安立于这四种入流支中，更进一步修习六种明分法——

Mā [Pg.272] tvaṃ tāta dīghāvu evaṃ manasākāsi.

我儿长寿，你不要这样作意。

Iṅgha tvaṃ tāta dīghāvu yadeva te bhagavā āha, tadeva tvaṃ sādhukaṃ manasikarohi.

来，我儿长寿，对于世尊对你所说的，你当善加作意。

Paṇḍito [Pg.273] bhikkhave dīghāvu upāsako.

诸比丘，长寿优婆塞是位智者。

Paccapādi dhammassānudhammaṃ.

他实践了法随法。

Na [Pg.274] ca maṃ dhammādhikaraṇaṃ viheṭhesi.

他也没有因法义之事来烦扰我。

Dīghāvu bhikkhave upāsako pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātiko tattha parinibbāyī anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā.

诸比丘，长寿优婆塞由于断尽五下分结，成为化生者，将在那里般涅槃，不再从那个世界返回。

Veḷudvāreyyasutta

竹门经

Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena sotāpattisaṃyutte sattamaṃ saṃgītaṃ veḷudvāreyyasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，彼世尊……乃至……正自觉者，于《入流相应》中所结集的第七《竹门经》，是在何处，针对何人，因何事，以及如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – kosalesu bhante veḷudvāre nāma kosalānaṃ brāhmaṇa gāme veḷudvāreyyake brāhmaṇagahapatike ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在憍萨罗(Kosala)国一个名为竹门(Veḷudvāra)的婆罗门村中，是针对竹门的婆罗门居家者们而说的。

Veḷudvāreyyakā [Pg.275] bhante brāhmaṇagahapatikā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ ‘‘mayaṃ bho gotama evaṃkāmā evaṃchandā evaṃadhippāyā puttasambādhasayanaṃ ajjhāvaseyyāma…pe… jātarūparajataṃ sādiyeyyāma, kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjeyyāma, tesaṃ no bhavaṃ gotamo amhākaṃ evaṃkāmānaṃ evaṃchandānaṃ evaṃadhippāyānaṃ tathā dammaṃ desetu, yathā mayaṃ puttasambādhasayanaṃ ajjhāvaseyyāma…pe… kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjeyyāmā’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘attūpanāyikaṃ vo gahapatayo dhammapariyāyaṃ desessāmi, taṃ suṇātha sādhukaṃ manasi karotha, bhāsissāmī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

尊者，竹门的婆罗门居家者们对世尊这样说：“乔达摩尊者，我们有这样的愿望、这样的意乐、这样的意图，希望住于儿女成群的家中……乃至……享用金银，身坏命终之后能够投生善趣、天界。乔达摩尊者，请您为我们这些有如此愿望、意乐和意图的人宣说正法，使我们能够住于儿女成群的家中……乃至……身坏命终之后能够投生善趣、天界。”尊者，就此事，世尊说：“居家者们，我将为你们宣说一种可应用于自身的法门，你们仔细听，善加作意，我将要说了。”如此等等，由世尊所说。

Saraṇānivagga

皈依品

Paṭhama mahānāmasutta

初摩诃男经

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.280] āvuso tatiye saraṇānivagge porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi paṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ paṭhamamahānāmasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，就在那第三皈依品中，由古代结集法的诸大长老们所结集的第一部经《初摩诃男经》，世尊是在何处，针对何人，因何事，以及如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – sakkesu [Pg.281] bhante kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme mahānāmaṃ sakkaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Mahānāmo bhante sakko bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘idaṃ bhante kapilavatthu iddhañceva phītañca bāhujaññaṃ ākiṇṇamanussaṃ sambādhabyūhaṃ, so khvāhaṃ bhante bhagavantaṃ vā payirupāsitvā manobhāvanīye vā bhikkhū sāyanhasamayaṃ kapilavatthuṃ pavisanto bhantenapi hatthinā samāgacchāmi, bhantenapi assena samāgacchāmi, bhantenapi rathena samāgacchāmi, bhantenapi sakaṭena samāgacchāmi, bhantenapi purisena samāgacchāmi, tassa mayhaṃ bhante tasmiṃ samaye mussateva bhagavantaṃ ārabbha sati, mussati dhammaṃ ārabbha sati, mussati saṅghaṃ ārabbha sati, tassa mayhaṃ bhante evaṃ hoti imamhi cāhaṃ samaye kālaṃ kareyyaṃ, kā mayhaṃ gati, ko abhisamparāyo’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘mā bhāyi mahānāma, mā bhāyi mahānāma, apāpakaṃ te maraṇaṃ bhavissati apāpikā kālaṃ kiriyā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，这是在释迦族的迦毗罗卫(Kapilavatthu)，于尼拘律园(Nigrodhārāma)，针对释迦族人摩诃男所说。尊者，释迦族人摩诃男对世尊说：“世尊，这迦毗罗卫城既繁荣又富庶，人口众多，拥挤不堪。世尊，我有时去拜访世尊，有时去拜访可意的比丘们，傍晚时分进入迦毗罗卫城时，会遇到狂奔的大象，会遇到狂奔的马，会遇到狂奔的马车，会遇到狂奔的牛车，会遇到狂奔的人。世尊，在那种时候，我对世尊的忆念就会失念，对法的忆念就会失念，对僧的忆念就会失念。世尊，我便这样想：‘如果我在这时死去，我的去处为何？我的来世会怎样？’”尊者，就此事，世尊说：“摩诃男，不要害怕！摩诃男，不要害怕！你的死亡不会是恶的，你的命终也不会是恶的。”如此等等，由世尊所说。

Dutiya saraṇānisakkasutta

第二萨罗尼释迦经

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.284] āvuso dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi pañcamaṃ saṃgītaṃ dutiyasaraṇānisakkasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，诸结集法的大长老所诵出的第五经，即世尊所说的《第二萨罗尼释迦经》，是在何处，针对何人，以何事，如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme mahānāmaṃyeva sakkaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是世尊在释迦族的迦毗罗卫(Kapilavatthu)，于尼拘律园中，对释迦族人摩诃男所说。

Mahānāmo bhante sakko bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘idha bhante saraṇāni sakko kālaṅkato, so bhagavatā byākato ‘sotāpanno avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo’ti. Tatra sudaṃ bhante sambahulā sakkā saṅgamma samāgamma ujjhāyanti khīyanti vipācenti ‘acchariyaṃ vata bho, abbhutaṃ vata

尊者，释迦族人摩诃男对世尊这么说：“尊者，释迦族人萨罗尼(Saraṇāni)去世了，世尊曾为他记说：‘他是入流者，不堕恶趣法，决定趣向正觉。’尊者，当时有许多释迦族人聚集在一起，抱怨、不满、批评说：‘真是稀有啊，真是神奇啊，

Bho[Pg.285], ettha dāni ko na sotāpanno bhavissati, yatra hi nāma saraṇāni sakko kālaṅkato, so bhagavatā byākato ‘sotāpanno avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo’ti, saraṇāni sakko sikkhāya aparipūrakārī ahosī’’ti tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘yo so mahānāma dīgharattaṃ upāsako buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gato, dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gato, saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gato, so kathaṃ vinipātaṃ gaccheyyā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

诸位，如今谁不会是入流者呢？既然萨罗尼释迦去世时，世尊曾为他记说：“他是入流者，不堕恶趣法，决定趣向正觉。”而萨罗尼释迦在学处上是未能圆满的。”尊者，关于此事，世尊如此这般地宣说了：“摩诃男，一位长期作为优婆塞，已皈依佛、皈依法、皈依僧的人，他怎么会堕入恶趣呢？”

Paṭhama anāthapiṇḍikasutta

第一给孤独经

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.289] āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi chaṭṭhaṃ saṃgītaṃ paṭhamaanāthapiṇḍikasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，古代诸结集法的大长老所诵出的第六经，即《第一给孤独经》，是在何处，针对何人，以何事，由谁，如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante anāthapiṇḍikaṃ gahapatiṃ ārabbha āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，针对给孤独居士，由法将具寿舍利弗长老所说。

Āyasmā bhante sāriputtatthero āyasmatā ānandattherena pacchāsamaṇena saddhiṃ yena anāthapiṇḍikassa gahapatissa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi, nisajja kho āyasmā sāriputto anāthapiṇḍikaṃ gahapatiṃ ābādhikaṃ dukkhitaṃ bāḷhagilānaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kacci te gahapati khamanīyaṃ kacci yāpanīyaṃ, kacci dukkhā vedanā paṭikkamanti, no abhikkamanti, paṭikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no abhikkamo’’ti, na me bhante khamanīyaṃ, na yāpanīyaṃ, bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti, abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamoti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘yathā rūpena kho gahapati buddhe appasādena samannāgato assutavā puthujjano kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ niyaraṃ upapajjati tathārūpo te buddhe appasādo natthi, atthi ca kho te gahapati buddhe aveccappasādo ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho…pe… bhagavā’ti tañca pana te buddhe aveccappasādaṃ attani samanupassato ṭhānaso vedanā paṭippassambheyyā’’ti evamādinā āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ.

尊者，具寿舍利弗长老与具寿阿难长老作为其随从沙门，一同前往给孤独居士的住所。抵达后，在铺设好的座位上坐下。坐下后，具寿舍利弗对病苦、剧病的给孤独居士说：“居士，你尚能忍耐吗？尚能维持吗？你的苦受是减轻还是加重？是显示减轻还是加重呢？”“尊者，我不能忍耐，不能维持。我剧烈的苦受正在加重，而非减轻；显示的是加重，而非减轻。”“居士，譬如未曾听闻教导的凡夫，对佛陀没有净信，他身坏命终之后，会投生于苦趣、恶趣、险难处、地狱。但你对佛陀没有那样的不净信。居士，你对佛陀有不坏净信：‘彼世尊是阿罗汉、正等觉者……世尊。’当你于自身中看到这不坏净信时，你的苦受当下就会平息。”法将具寿舍利弗长老如此这般地宣说了。

Yassa [Pg.293] saddhā tathāgate, acalā suppatiṭṭhitā;

Sīlañca yassa kalyāṇaṃ, ariyakantaṃ pasaṃsitaṃ.

于如来有信心，不动而善建立；其戒行亦贤善，为圣者所爱乐、所赞叹。

Saṅghe pasādo yassatthi, ujubhūtañca dassanaṃ;

Adaliddoti taṃ āhu, amoghaṃ tassa jīvitaṃ.

于僧伽有净信，其见解已正直；他们说彼不贫，其生命不空过。

Tasmā saddhañca sīlañca, pasādaṃ dhammadassanaṃ;

Anuyuñjetha medhāvī, saraṃ buddhānasāsanaṃ.

是故有智者，忆念诸佛教，当勤修信心、戒行、净信与法见。

Puññābhisandavagga

福流品

Mahānāmasutta

摩诃男经

Pucchā – tattheva āvuso puññābhisandavaggo porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi sattamaṃ saṃgītaṃ mahānāmasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，福流品中的第七部经，即由古代结集法的诸大长老所诵出的《摩诃男经》，是世尊在何处，针对何人，以何事，如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sakkesu [Pg.294] bhante kapilavatthusmiṃ mahānāmaṃ sakkaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在释迦族中，在迦毗罗卫，对释迦族人摩诃男所说。

Mahānāmo bhante sakko bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kittāvatā nu kho bhante upāsako hotī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘yato kho mahānāma buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti, dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti, saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hotī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

尊者，释迦族人摩诃男对世尊说了这番话：“尊者，怎样才算是一位优婆塞呢？”尊者，关于此事，世尊如此这般地宣说了：“摩诃男，当一个人已皈依佛，已皈依法，已皈依僧时……”

Kittāvatā nu kho bhante upāsako hoti.

尊者，怎样才算是一位优婆塞呢？

Kāḷigodhasutta

咖丽果达经

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.297] āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi navamaṃ saṃgītaṃ kāḷigodhasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ kārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，由古代结集法的诸大长老所诵出的第九部经《咖丽果达经》，是世尊在何处，针对何人，以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante kāḷigodhaṃ nāma sākiyāniṃ ārabbha ‘‘catūhi kho godhe dhammehi samannāgatā ariyasāvikā sotāpannā hoti avinipātadhammā niyatā sambodhiparāyaṇā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，在释迦族中，世尊针对一位名叫咖丽果达（Kāḷigodhā）的释迦族女，如此这般地宣说了：“果达，具足四法的女圣弟子是入流者，不堕恶趣法，决定，趣向正觉。”

Lābhā [Pg.300] te godhe, suladdhaṃ te godhe, sotāpattiphalaṃ tayā godhe –

果达，你已得利！果达，你已善得！果达，你已证得入流果！

Nandiyasakkasutta

南迪亚释迦经

Pucchā – tenāvuso jānatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena sotāpattisaṃyutte puññābhisandavagge dasamaṃ nandiyasakkasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问：贤友，由知者……乃至……正自觉者所说，在入流相应福流品中的第十部经《南迪亚释迦经》，是在何处，针对何人，就何事，以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme nandiyaṃ sakkaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Nandiyo bhante sakko bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘yasseva nu kho bhante ariyasāvakassa cattāri sotāpattiyaṅgāni sabbena sabbaṃ sabbathāsabbaṃ natthi, sveva nu kho bhante ariyasāvako pamādavihārī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘yassa kho nandiya cattāri sotāpattiyaṅgāni sabbenasabbaṃ sabbathāsabbaṃ natthi, tamahaṃ bāhiro puthujjanapakkhe ṭhitoti vadāmī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答：尊者，此经是在释迦族中，在迦毗罗卫的尼拘律园，针对释迦族人南迪亚（Nandiya）而说的。尊者，释迦族人南迪亚对世尊这么说：“尊者，若一位圣弟子完全、彻底、全然不具足四入流支，尊者，那位圣弟子是否就是住于放逸呢？”尊者，就此事，世尊如此这般地宣说了：“南迪亚，若有人完全、彻底、全然不具足四入流支，我说他是局外人，站在凡夫一边。”

Saccasaṃyutta

谛相应

Tiracchānakathāsutta

畜生论经

Pucchā – saccasaṃyutte [Pg.304] āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāyakamahātherehi dasamaṃ saṃgītaṃ tiracchānakathāsuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问——贤友，在谛相应中，古代结集法的大长老们结集的第十部《畜生论经》，世尊是在何处、针对谁、以及如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha mā bhikkhave anekavihitaṃ tiracchānakathaṃ katheyyātha. Seyyathidaṃ, rājakathaṃ corakathaṃ mahāmattakathaṃ senākathaṃ bhayakathaṃ yuddhakathaṃ annakathaṃ pānakathaṃ vatthakathaṃ sayanakathaṃ evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答——大德，在舍卫城(Sāvatthī)，世尊针对众多比丘宣说了：“诸比丘，你们不要说各种畜生论。也就是：王论、贼论、大臣论、军队论、怖畏论、战争论、食物论、饮料论、衣服论、卧具论等。”大德，世尊如是宣说。

Idaṃ [Pg.305] dukkhanti katheyyātha.

你们应当说：“此是苦”。

Tasmātiha [Pg.306] bhikkhave idaṃ dukkhanti yogo karaṇīyo…pe… ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadāti yogo karaṇīyo.

是故，诸比丘，你们于此应当努力：“此是苦”……乃至……“此是导向苦灭之道”，应当努力。

Dhammacakkapavattanasutta

转法轮经

Pucchā – tattheva āvuso dhammacakkappavattanavagge porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi paṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ dhammacakkapavattanasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问——贤友，在转法轮品中，古代结集法的大长老们最初结集的《转法轮经》，世尊是在何处、针对谁、以及如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – bārāṇasiyaṃ bhante isipatane migadāye pañcavaggiye bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘dve me bhikkhave antā pabbajitena nasevitabbā. Katame dve, yo cāyaṃ kāmesu kāmasukhallikānuyogo hīno gammo pothujjaniko anariyo anatthasaṃhito, yo cāyaṃ attakilamathānuyogo [Pg.307] dukkho anariyo anatthasaṃhito, ete kho bhikkhave ubho ante anupagamma majjhimāpaṭipadā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答——大德，在波罗奈(Bārāṇasī)的仙人堕处(Isipatana)鹿野苑(Migadāya)，世尊针对五比丘宣说了：“诸比丘，出家人不应行此二边。是哪二者呢？于诸欲中沉溺于欲乐之行，是低劣的、村俗的、凡夫的、非圣的、无益的；以及自我折磨之行，是痛苦的、非圣的、无益的。诸比丘，如来不近此二边，现等觉了中道。”等等，世尊如是宣说。

Āsavakkhayasutta

漏尽经

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.308] āvuso koṭigāmavagge porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi pañcamaṃ saṃgītaṃ āsavakkhayasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问——贤友，在边际村品中，古代结集法的大长老们结集的第五部《漏尽经》，世尊是在何处、针对谁、以及如何宣说的？

Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘jānatohaṃ bhikkhave passato āsavānaṃ khayaṃ vadāmi, no ajānato apassato. Kiñca bhikkhave jānato passato āsavānaṃ khayo hoti, idaṃ dukkhanti bhikkhave jānato passato āsavānaṃ khayo hoti, ayaṃ dukkhasamudayoti, ayaṃ dukkhanirodhoti, ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminīpaṭipadāti jānato passato āsavānaṃ khayo hoti. Evaṃ kho bhikkhave jānato evaṃ passato āsavānaṃ khayo hoti. Tasmātiha bhikkhave ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yogo karaṇīyo, ayaṃ dukkhasamudayoti, ayaṃ dukkhanirodhoti, ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminīpaṭipadāti yogo karaṇīyo’’ti evaṃ kho bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答——大德，在舍卫城，世尊针对众多比丘宣说了：“诸比丘，我说知者、见者有诸漏的灭尽，而非不知者、不见者。诸比丘，知什么、见什么而有诸漏的灭尽呢？知、见‘此是苦’者，有诸漏的灭尽；知、见‘此是苦集’，有诸漏的灭尽；知、见‘此是苦灭’，有诸漏的灭尽；知、见‘此是导向苦灭之道’，有诸漏的灭尽。诸比丘，如是知、如是见者，有诸漏的灭尽。是故，诸比丘，你们于此应当努力：‘此是苦’、‘此是苦集’、‘此是苦灭’、‘此是导向苦灭之道’。”世尊如是宣说。

Sīsapāvanasutta

尸舍婆林经

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.309] āvuso sīsapāvanavagge porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi paṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ sīsapāvanasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.

问——贤友，在那尸舍婆林品中，古代的结集法大长老们最初结集的《尸舍婆林经》，是世尊在哪里、针对谁、以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – kosambiyaṃ [Pg.310] bhante sīsapāvane sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, katamaṃ nukho bahutaraṃ yāni vā mayā parittāni sīsapāpaṇṇāni pāṇinā gahitāni yadidaṃ upari sīsapāvane’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.

答——尊者，世尊在憍赏弥(Kosambī)的尸舍婆林，针对众多比丘，以“诸比丘，你们认为如何？是我用手抓取的这少量尸舍婆树叶多呢，还是这上方尸舍婆林中的树叶多呢？”等语宣说。

Pañcagatipeyyālavagga

五趣广说品

Pucchā – tattheva [Pg.312] āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi pariyosānabhāvena saṃgīto pañcagatipeyyālavagge, bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsito.

问——贤友，古代的结集法大长老们作为结尾而结集的《五趣广说品》，是世尊在何处、针对谁，以及如何宣说的呢？

Vissajjanā – vesāliyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho bahutaraṃ, yo vāyaṃ mayā paritto nakhasikhāyaṃ paṃsu āropito, ayaṃ vā mahāpathavī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsito.

答——尊者，世尊在毗舍离(Vesālī)，针对众多比丘，以“诸比丘，你们认为如何？是我指甲尖上所取的少量尘土多呢，还是这大地多呢？”等语宣说。

Pucchā – ke [Pg.315] āvuso sikkhanti.

问——贤友，谁在学习？

Vissajjanā – sekkhā ca bhante puthujjanakalyāṇakā ca sikkhanti.

答——尊者，有学(sekkhā)和善凡夫(puthujjanakalyāṇakā)都在学习。

Pucchā – ke [Pg.316] āvuso sikkhitasikkhā.

问——贤友，谁是已学者(sikkhitasikkhā)？

Vissajjanā – arahanto bhante sikkhitasikkhā.

答——尊者，阿罗汉是已学者。

Pucchā – kattha āvuso ṭhitaṃ.

问——贤友，立于何处？

Vissajjanā – sikkhākāmesu bhante ṭhitaṃ.

答——尊者，立于对学习的希求。

Pucchā – ke āvuso dhārenti.

问——贤友，谁在受持？

Vissajjanā – yesaṃ bhante vattati te dhārenti.

答——尊者，奉行的人就在受持。

Pucchā – kassa [Pg.317] āvuso vacanaṃ.

问——贤友，这是谁的言教？

Vissajjanā – bhagavato bhante vacanaṃ arahato sammāsambuddhassa.

答——尊者，是世尊、阿罗汉、正等觉者的言教。

Pucchā – kena āvuso ābhataṃ.

问——贤友，这是由谁传来的？

Vissajjanā – paramparāya bhante ābhataṃ.

答——尊者，这是通过师资传承而来的。