ကစ္စာယန ဓာတု မဉ္ဇူသာ

Kaccāyana's Compendium of Roots

နမော တဿ ဘဂဝတော အရဟတော သမ္မာသမ္ဗုဒ္ဓဿ

Homage to the Blessed One, the Arahant, the Perfectly Self-Enlightened One.

နိရုတ္တိ နိကရာ’ပါရ-ပါရဝါရ’န္တဂံ မုနိံ,ဝန္ဒိတွာ ဓာတုမဉ္ဇူသံ-ဗြူမိ ပါဝစနဉ္ဇသံ.

Having paid homage to the sage who has reached the farther shore of the boundless ocean of grammatical analysis, I shall declare the Dhātumañjūsā, the direct path of the teachings.

သောဂတာဂမ မာ’ဂမ္မ-တံ တံဝျာကရဏာနိ စ,ပါဌေ စာ’ပဌိတာပေ’တ္ထ ဓာတွတ္ထာ စ ပဝုစ္စရေ.

Having relied upon the scriptures of the Sugata and their various grammatical treatises, the meanings of the verbal roots are declared herein, from texts both read and even those unread.

ဆန္ဒ’ဟာနိတ္ထမော’ကာရံ-ဓာတွန္တာနံ သိယာကွ စိ, ယူနံ ဒီဃော စ ဓာတုမှာ-ပုဗ္ဗမ’တ္ထပဒံ အပိ.

The final vowel of roots such as chanda, hāni, ittha, amu, and okāra may sometimes be altered; and the 'yu' affixes may be lengthened, as may the word 'attha' preceding the root.

၁.

1.

ဘူ သတ္တာယံ ပစ ပါကေ ဂမုသပ္ပ ဂတိမှိ (စ);

သိလောက (ဓာတု) သံဃာတေ သကိ သင်္ကာယ (ဝတ္တတေ;

).

The root 'bhū' is in the sense of existence; 'paca' in ripening; 'gamu' and 'sappa' in going; the root 'siloka' in collection; and 'saki' occurs in the sense of doubt.

၂.

2.

(အထော) ကုက-ဝကာ’ဒါနေ ကေ သဒ္ဒေ အကိ လက္ခဏေ;

ကု သဒ္ဒေ ကုစ္ဆိတေ ဋင်္က ဓာရဏေ မကိ မဏ္ဍနေ.

Then, 'kuka' and 'vaka' are in the sense of taking; 'ke' in sound; 'aki' in characteristic; 'ku' in sound and disparagement; 'ṭaṅka' in holding; 'maki' in ornamentation.

၃.

3.

ဝကိ ကောဋိလ္လယာတြာသု သက္က-ဋီကဒွယံ ဂတေ;

ကကိ လောလတ္တနေ ယာတေ တကီ (ဣဓ) ဂတာဒိသု.

'Vaki' is in the sense of crookedness and going; 'sakka' in going; 'kaki' in fickleness and going; 'takī' (here) in going and so forth.

၄. ဝဝ, လောကနဝိတ္တိသု စက္ခဝုတိမှိ (တု) ရုက္ခ (စ) ခေ ထိရဟိံသခဏေ နိယ, မော’ပနယိဋ္ဌိ ဝတာဒိသ မုဏ္ဍိသု ဒိက္ခ (’ထ) ကက္ခ-ကခါ ဟသနေ တုရ, ဟိံသနဝုဒ္ဓိဂတီသု (ဟိ) ဒက္ခ’ဒနမှိ (တု) ဇက္ခ (စ) ဘက္ခ (မတာ) အန, ဇာလဒုခေသု (တု) ဒိက္ခ (စ) ဒုက္ခ (စ) ဣက္ခ ဒိသ’င်္က န ကော’ခ သုသေ.

4. 'Vava' is in the sense of seeing and knowing; 'cakkh' in speaking; 'rukkha' and 'kha' in steadfastness, violence, and digging; 'niya' in leading; 'mo' in removing; 'iṭṭhi' in desiring; 'vat' in pointing out; 'muṇḍ' in shaving; 'dikkh' in consecrating; then 'kakkha' and 'kakhā' in laughing; 'tura' in violence, growth, and going; 'dakkha' in giving; 'jakkha' and 'bhakkha' are held to be in eating; 'ana' in breathing; 'dikkha' and 'dukkha' in ensnaring and causing pain; 'ikkha' in seeing; 'disa' in pointing out; 'aṅka' in marking; 'na' in binding; 'ko' in sound; 'kha' in space; 'sus' in drying.

၅. [အ] နိက္ခ စုမ္ဗနေ’(ပိ) သိက္ခ ဝိဇ္ဇု’ပါဒု’ ပါသာနမှိ ရက္ခ ဂုတ္တိဝါရဏေ (ပိ) ဥဉ္ဆနေ (သိယာ’ပိ) ဘိက္ခ ယာဝလဒ္ဓျ’လဒ္ဓိသူ (ပိ) ဝက္ခ ရောသသံဟတေသု မောက္ခ မုတ္တိယံ စဇေ (ပိ) စိက္ခ ဝါစဗောဓနေသု.

5. [A] 'Nikkha' is in the sense of kissing; 'sikkha' in acquiring knowledge; 'rakkha' in protecting and warding off; 'bhikkha' in gleaning, begging, obtaining, and not obtaining; 'vakkha' in anger and accumulation; 'mokkha' in liberation and abandoning; 'cikkha' in speech and informing.

[ဗ] နခ မခ ရခ နင်္ခါမင်္ခရက္ခီ’ခီလင်္ခါ လခ ဝခ ဣခ ဣင်္ခါ ဥင်္ခ ဝင်္ခူ’ခ ဂတျံ ဝခိ မခိ ကခိ ကင်္ခေ ခီ ခယေ ဥက္ခ သေကေ ခု ခုတဓနိသု (ဝုတ္တော) ခေ(’ထ) ခါဒေ သုပေ (စ.)

[Ba] The roots 'nakha', 'makha', 'rakha', 'naṅkha', 'maṅkha', 'rakkhī', 'īkha', 'īlaṅkha', 'lakha', 'vakha', 'ikha', 'iṅkha', 'uṅkha', 'vaṅkha', and 'ūkha' are in the sense of going; 'vakhi', 'makhi', and 'kakhi' are in the sense of doubt; 'khī' in decay; 'ukkha' in sprinkling; 'khu' is said to be in the sense of sneezing and sound; then 'khā' in eating, and 'supa' in sleeping.

၆.

6.

အဂ္ဂေါ (တု) ဂတိကောဋိလ္လေ လဂ သင်္ဂေ မဂေ’သနေ;

အဂီ ဣဂီ ရိဂီ လိဂီ ဝဂီ ဂတျ’တ္ထဓာတဝေါ.

'Agga' is in the sense of going and crookedness; 'laga' in attachment; 'mag' in seeking; 'agī', 'igī', 'rigī', 'ligī', and 'vagī' are verbal roots in the sense of going.

၇.

7.

သိလာဃ ကတ္ထနေ ဇဂ္ဃ ဟသနေ အဂ္ဃ အဂ္ဃနေ;

သိဃီ အာဃာယနေ (ဟောတိ) လဃိ သောသဂတီသု (စ;

).

'Silāgha' is in the sense of praising; 'jaggha' in laughing; 'aggha' in pricing; 'sighī' is in smelling; 'laghi' in drying and going.

၈.

8.

ဝစ ဗျတ္တဝစေ ယာစ ယာစနေ ရုစ ဒိတ္တိယံ;

သုစ သောကေ ကုစ သဒ္ဒေ (အထော) ဝိစ ဝိဝေစနေ.

'Vaca' is in the sense of clear speech; 'yāca' in requesting; 'ruca' in shining; 'suca' in sorrow; 'kuca' in sound; and 'vica' in discerning.

၉.

9.

အဉ္စ ပူဇာဂတေ ဝဉ္စ ဂမနေ ကိဉ္စာ’ဝမဒ္ဒနေ;

လုဉ္စာ’ပနယနေ နစ္စ နစ္စနေ မစ ရောစနေ.

'Añca' is in the sense of worship and going; 'vañca' in going; 'kiñca' in crushing; 'luñca' in removing; 'nacca' in dancing; 'maca' in liking.

၁၀.

10.

အစ္စာ’စ္စနေ စု ဝစနေ သစော (တု) သမဝါယနေ;

ပစ ယာတေ ကစိ-ဝစ္စ ဒိတ္တိယံ မစိ ဓာရဏေ.

'Acca' is in the sense of worship; 'cu' in speech; 'sac' is in concord; 'paca' in going; 'kaci' and 'vacca' in shining; 'maci' in holding.

၁၁.

11.

ပုစ္ဆ သမ္ပုစ္ဆနေ မုစ္ဆ မောဟသ္မိံ လဉ္ဆ လက္ခဏေ;

အဉ္ဆာ’ယာမေ (ဘဝေ) ပုဉ္ဆ ပုဉ္ဆနေ ဥဉ္ဆ ဥဉ္ဆနေ.

'Puccha' is in the sense of questioning; 'muccha' in delusion; 'lañcha' in marking; 'añcha' is in stretching; 'puñcha' in wiping; 'uñcha' in gleaning.

၁၂.

12.

တစ္ဆော တနုကိရယေ ပိဉ္ဆ ပိဉ္ဆနေ ရာဇ ဒိတ္တိယံ;

ဝဇာ’ဇဂမနေ ရဉ္ဇ ရာဂေ ဘဉ္ဇာ’ဝမဒ္ဒနေ.

'Taccha' is in the sense of thinning and cutting; 'piñcha' in carding; 'rāja' in shining; 'vaja' in going; 'rañja' in coloring; 'bhañja' in crushing.

၁၃.

13.

အဉ္ဇု ဗျတ္တိဂတီကန္တိ မက္ခဏေသွေ’ဇ ကမ္ပနေ;

ဘဇ သံသေဝနေ သဉ္ဇ သင်္ဂေ (တု) ဣဉ္ဇ ကမ္ပနေ.

'Añju' is in the sense of clear going, beauty, and anointing; 'eja' in trembling; 'bhaja' in serving; 'sañja' is in attachment; 'iñja' in trembling.

၁၄.

14.

ယဇ ဒေဝစ္စနေ ဒါနသင်္ဂတီကရဏေသု (စ);

တိဇက္ခမနိသာနေသု ဒါနေ(’ပိ) စဇ ဟာနိယံ.

'Yaja' is in the sense of worshipping gods, giving, and associating; 'tija' in patience, sharpening, and giving; 'caja' in abandoning.

၁၅.

15.

သဇာ’လိင်္ဂန ဝိဿဇ္ဇ နိမ္မာဏေ မုဇ္ဇ မုဇ္ဇနေ;

မဇ္ဇ သံသုဒ္ဓိယံ လဇ္ဇ လဇ္ဇနေ တဇ္ဇ တဇ္ဇနေ.

'Saja' is in the sense of embracing; 'vissajja' in creating; 'mujja' in sinking; 'majja' in purifying; 'lajja' in being ashamed; 'tajja' in threatening.

၁၆.

16.

အဇ္ဇ-သဇ္ဇာ’ဇ္ဇနေ သဇ္ဇ နိမ္မာဏေ ဂဇ္ဇ သဒ္ဒနေ;

ဂုဇ-ကုဇ ဒွယံ သဒ္ဒေ အချတ္တေ ခဇ္ဇ ဘက္ခဏေ.

'Ajja' and 'sajja' are in the sense of acquiring; 'sajja' in creating; 'gajja' in sounding; 'guja' and 'kuja' are both in indistinct sound; 'khajja' in eating.

၁၇.

17.

ဘဇ္ဇ ပါကေ ဝိဇိ ဘယစလနေ ဝီဇ ဝီဇနေ;

ခဇီ ဂမနဝေကလ္လေ ဇီ ဇယေ ဇု ဇဝေ (သိယာ;

).

'Bhajja' is in the sense of roasting; 'viji' in fear and trembling; 'vīja' in fanning; 'khajī' in difficulty of going; 'jī' in conquering; 'ju' may be in the sense of speed.

၁၈.

18.

ဈေ စိန္တာယုဇ္ဈ ဥဿဂ္ဂေ ဂမနေ အဋ-ပဋ ဒွယံ;

နဋ နစ္စေ ရဋ ပရိဘာသနေ ဝဋ ဝေဌနေ.

'Jhe' is in the sense of thinking; 'ujjha' in abandoning; 'aṭa' and 'paṭa' are both in going; 'naṭa' in dancing; 'raṭa' in speaking; 'vaṭa' in wrapping.

၁၉.

19.

ဝဋ္ဋ အာဝတ္တနေ ဝဏ္ဋ ဝဏ္ဋတ္ထေ ကဋ မဒ္ဒနေ;

ဖုဋော ဝိသရဏာဒီသု ကဋ သံဝရဏေ ဂတေ.

'Vaṭṭa' is in the sense of revolving; 'vaṇṭa' in dividing; 'kaṭa' in crushing; 'phuṭa' in spreading and so forth; 'kaṭa' in covering and going.

၂၀.

20.

ဃုဋ ဃောသေ ပတိဃာတေ ဝိဋ’က္ကောသေ (စ) ပေသနေ;

ဘဋ ဘတျံ ကုဋ-ကောဋ္ဋစ္ဆေဒနေ လုဋ လောဋနေ.

'Ghuṭa' is in the sense of sounding and striking; 'viṭa' in reviling and sending; 'bhaṭa' in nourishing; 'kuṭa' and 'koṭṭa' in cutting; 'luṭa' in rolling.

၂၁.

21.

ဇဋ-ဈဋ-ပိဋ သံဃာတေ စိဋု’တ္တာသေ ဃဋီ’ဟနေ;

ဃဋိ သံဃဋ္ဋနေ တဋ္ဋ စ္ဆေဒနေ မုဋ မဒ္ဒနေ.

'Jaṭa', 'jhaṭa', and 'piṭa' are in the sense of collection; 'ciṭu' in frightening; 'ghaṭi' in striving; 'ghaṭi' in colliding; 'taṭṭa' in cutting; 'muṭa' in crushing.

၂၂.

22.

ပဌ ဗျတ္တဝစေ ဟေဌ ဗာဓာယံ ဝေဌ ဝေဌနေ;

သုဌီ-ကုဌီ ဒွယံ သောသေ ပီဌ ဟိံသနဓာရဏေ.

'Paṭha' is in the sense of clear speech; 'heṭha' in hindering; 'veṭha' in wrapping; 'suṭhī' and 'kuṭhī' are both in drying; 'pīṭha' in harming and holding.

၂၃.

23.

ကဌ သောသနပါကေသု ဝဌ ထုလတ္တနေ (ဘဝေ);

ကဌိ သောသေ ရုဌ-လုဌော’ပဃာတေ သဌ ကေတဝေ.

'Kaṭha' is in the sense of drying and cooking; 'vaṭha' is in stoutness; 'kaṭhi' in drying; 'ruṭha' and 'luṭha' in striking; 'saṭha' in deceit.

၂၄.

24.

(သိယာ ဟဌ ဗလက္ကာရေ ကဍိဘေဒေ ကဍိစ္ဆိဒေ;

မဏ္ဍ ဝိဘူသနေ စဏ္ဍ စဏ္ဍိက္ကေ ဘဍိ ဘင်္ဍနေ.

'Haṭha' may be in the sense of force; 'kaḍi' in breaking and cutting; 'maṇḍa' in decorating; 'caṇḍa' in fierceness; 'bhaḍi' in quarreling.

၂၅.

25.

ပဍိ ဥပ္ပဏ္ဍနေ လိင်္ဂဝေကလ္လေ မုဍိ ခဏ္ဍနေ,ဂဍိ ဝတ္တေ’ကဒေသမှိ ဂဍိ သန္နိဝယေ(’ပိစ;

);

'Paḍi' is in provoking and gender defect; 'muḍi' in breaking; 'gaḍi' in a part of a circle, and also in gathering.

၂၆.

26.

ရဍိ-ဧရဍိ ဟိံသာယံ ပိဍိ သံဃာတအာဒိသု,ကုဍိ ဒါဟေ ပဍိ ဂတေ ဟိဍိ အာဟိဏ္ဍနေ (သိယာ;

);

'Raḍi' and 'eraḍi' are in harming; 'piḍi' in collecting and so forth; 'kuḍi' in burning; 'paḍi' in going; 'hiḍi' may be in wandering.

၂၇.

27.

ကရဏ္ဍ ဘာဇန’တ္ထမှိ (အထော) လဍိ ဇိဂုစ္ဆနေ,(ဝတ္တတေ) မေဍိကောဋိလ္လေ သဍိ ဂုမ္ဗတ္ထမီရဏေ;

'Karaṇḍa' is in the sense of a container; 'laḍi' in loathing; 'meḍi' in crookedness; 'saḍi' in the sense of a thicket and moving.

၂၈.

28.

(အထော’ပိ) အဍိ အဏ္ဍတ္ထေ (ဒိဿတေ) တုဍိ တောဍနေ,ဝဍ္ဎ သံဝဍ္ဎနေ ကဍ္ဎ ကဍ္ဎဏေ ဘဏ ဘာသနေ;

Also, 'aḍi' appears in the sense of an egg; 'tuḍi' in breaking; 'vaḍḍha' in increasing; 'kaḍḍha' in dragging; 'bhaṇa' in speaking.

၂၉.

29.

သောဏ ဝဏ္ဏေ ဂုဏ’ဘျာသေ ဣဏ-ဖေဏ ဒွယံ ဂတေ,ပဏ ဝေါဟာရထောမေသု (ဝတ္တတေ) ကဏ မိလနေ;

'Soṇa' is in color; 'guṇa' in practice; 'iṇa' and 'pheṇa' are both in going; 'paṇa' occurs in trade and praise; 'kaṇa' in meeting.

၃၀.

30.

အဏ-ရဏ-ကဏ-မုဏ-ကွဏ-ကုဏ သဒ္ဒေ,ယတ ပတိယတနေ ဇုတ ဒိတ္တိမှိ;

အတ-ပတ ဂမနေ စိတ သညာဏေ,ကိတ ဝါသာ’ဒေါ ဝတု ဝတ္တုမှိ.

'Aṇa', 'raṇa', 'kaṇa', 'muṇa', 'kvaṇa', and 'kuṇa' are in sound; 'yata' in striving; 'juta' in shining; 'ata' and 'pata' in going; 'cita' in knowing; 'kita' in dwelling and so forth; 'vatu' in speaking.

၃၁.

31.

(ဘဝေ) ကတ္ထ သိလာဃာယံ မထ-မတ္ထ ဝိလောဠနေ,နာထ ယာစနသန္တာပ ဣဿေရာ’သိံသနေသု (စ;

)

'Kattha' is in praising; 'matha' and 'mattha' in churning; 'nātha' in requesting, affliction, lordship, and aspiring.

၃၂.

32.

ပုထ (စေ) ပုထု ဝိတ္ထာရေ ဗျထ ဘီတိစလေသု (စ),ဂေါတ္ထု ဝံသေ ပထ-ပန္ထ ဂတေ နန္ဒ သမိဒ္ဓိယံ;

'Putha' and 'puthu' are in spreading; 'byatha' in fear and trembling; 'gotthu' in lineage; 'patha' and 'pantha' in going; 'nanda' in prosperity.

၃၃.

33.

ဝန္ဒာ’ဘိဝါဒထောမေသု ဂဒ ဗျတ္တဝစေ’(ပိစ),(အထော) နိန္ဒ ဂရဟာယံ ခဒိ ပက္ခန္ဒနာဒိသု;

'Vanda' is in salutation and praise; 'gada' also in clear speech; 'ninda' in blaming; 'khadi' in attacking and so forth.

၃၄.

34.

ဧဒီ (တု) ကိဉ္စိစလေန စဒိ ကန္တိဟိဠာဒနေ,ကိလိဒီ ပရိဒေဝါဒေါ ဥဒိဿဝကိလေဒနေ;

'Edī' is in slight movement; 'cadi' in shining and delighting; 'kilidī' in lamenting and so forth, in pointing out, and in defiling.

၃၅.

35.

ဣဒီ (တု) ပရမိဿရိယေ အဒိအန္ဒု (စ) ဗန္ဓနေ,ဘဂန္ဒ သေဝနေ (ဟောတိ) ဘဒ္ဒ ကလျာဏကမ္မနိ;

'Idī' is in supreme power; 'adi' in oppression and bondage; 'bhaganda' is in indulgence; 'bhadda' in good deeds.

၃၆.

36.

သိဒ သိင်္ဂါရပါကေသု သဒ္ဒုဟရိတသောသနေ,မဒိ ဗလျေ မုဒ-မဒါ သန္တောသေ မဒ္ဒ မဒ္ဒနေ;

'Sida' is in adornment and ripening; 'sada' in removing and drying up; 'madi' in foolishness; 'muda' and 'madā' in satisfaction; 'madda' in crushing.

၃၇.

37.

သန္ဒု ပဿဝနာဒီသု ကန္ဒ’ဝှာနေ (စ’) ရောဒနေ,ဝိဒ လာဘေ ဒဒ ဒါနေ ရုဒိ အဿုဝိမောစနေ;

'Sandu' is in flowing and so forth; 'kanda' in calling and weeping; 'vida' in gain; 'dada' in giving; 'rudi' in shedding tears.

၃၈.

38.

သဒေါ ဝိသရဏာ’ဒါနဂမနေ (စာ’)ဝသာဒနေ,ဟိဠာဒ (တု) သုခေ သူဒက္ခရဏေ ရဒ ဝိလေခဏေ;

'Sada' is in scattering, taking, going, and depression; 'hiḷāda' in happiness; 'sūda' in flowing; 'rada' in scratching.

၃၉.

39.

သာဒ အဿာဒနာဒီသု ဂဒ ဗျတ္တဝစေ’(ပိစ),နဒ အဗျတ္တသဒ္ဒေ (တု) ရဒါ’ဒါ-ခါဒ-ဘက္ခဏေ;

'Sāda' is in tasting and so forth; 'gada' also in clear speech; 'nada' in indistinct sound; 'rada' in taking, eating, and consuming.

၄၀.

40.

အဒ္ဒ ယာစနယာတြာဒိသွ (ထော) မိဒ သိနေဟနေ,(သိယာ) ခုဒ ဇိဂစ္ဆာယံ ဒဠိဒ္ဒ ဒုဂ္ဂစ္စံ (ဟိ တု;

)

'Adda' is in begging, journeying, and so forth; 'mida' in affection; 'khuda' may be in hunger; 'daḷidda' in distress.

၄၁.

41.

ဒါ ဒဝေ ဒု ဂတီဝုဒ္ဓယံ ဒါ ဒါနေ ဝိဒ ဇာနနေ,တဒိ အာလသိယေ ဗာဓ ဗာဓာယံ ဂုဓ ကီဠနေ;

'Dā' is in purifying; 'du' in going and increasing; 'dā' in giving; 'vida' in knowing; 'tadi' in laziness; 'bādha' in hindering; 'gudha' in playing.

၄၂.

42.

(အထော) ဂါဓ ပတိဋ္ဌာယံ ဝုဌု-ဧဓ (စ) ဝုဒ္ဓိယံ,ဓာ (ဟောတိ) ဓာရဏေ (စေဝ) စိန္တာယံ ဗုဓ ဗောဓနေ;

Then, 'gādha' is in firm foundation; 'vuṭhu' and 'edha' in growth; 'dhā' is in holding and in thought; 'budha' in awakening.

၄၃.

43.

သိဓု ဂတိမှိ ယုဓ သမ္ပဟာရေ ဝိဓ ဝေဓနေ,ရာဓ ဟိံသာယသံရာဓေ ဗဓ-ဗန္ဓ (စ) ဗန္ဓနေ;

'Sidhu' is in going; 'yudha' in striking; 'vidha' in piercing; 'rādha' in violence and accomplishment; 'badha' and 'bandha' in binding.

၄၄.

44.

သိဓ-သာဓ (စ) သိဒ္ဓိမှိ ဓေ ပါနေ ဣန္ဓ ဒိတ္တိယံ,မာန ပူဇာယ ဝန-သန သမ္ဘဝေ အန ပါဏနေ;

ကန ဒိတ္တိဂတီကန္တျံ ခန-ခနွ’ဝဒါရဏေ.

'Sidha' and 'sādha' are in accomplishment; 'dhe' in drinking; 'indha' in shining; 'māna' in honoring; 'vana' and 'sana' in arising; 'ana' in breathing; 'kana' in shining, going, and loveliness; 'khana' and 'khanva' in tearing apart.

၄၅.

45.

ဂုပ ဂေါပနကေ ဂုပ သံဝရဏေ တပ သန္တာပေ တပ ဣဿရိယေ,စုပ မန္ဒဂတေ တပုဥဗ္ဗေဂေ ရပ-လပ ဝါကျေ သပ အက္ကောသေ;

'Gupa' is in guarding; 'gupa' in restraint; 'tapa' in heating; 'tapa' in lordliness; 'cupa' in slow going; 'tapu' in excitement; 'rapa' and 'lapa' in speech; 'sapa' in abuse.

၄၆.

46.

ဇပ-ဇပ္ပ ဝစေ’ဗျတ္တေ တပ္ပ သန္တပ္ပနေ (သိယာ),ကပိ ကိဉ္စိစလေ ကပ္ပ သာမတ္ထေ ဝေပု ကမ္ပနေ;

'Japa' and 'jappa' are in indistinct speech; 'tappa' may be in satisfying; 'kapi' in trembling slightly; 'kappa' in capability; 'vepu' in shaking.

၄၇.

47.

တပ္ပ သန္တဂတေစ္ဆေဒေ တက္ကေ ဟိံသာဒိသု’(စ္စတေ),ဝပ ဗီဇဝိနိက္ခေပေ ဓူပ သန္တပနေ’(ပိ စ);

'Tappa' is in heating and cutting; 'takka' is said to be in violence and so forth; 'vapa' in sowing seeds; 'dhūpa' also in fumigation.

၄၈.

48.

စပ သာန္တွေ ပု ပဝနေ ဈပ ဒါဟေ သုပေါ သယေ,ပုပ္ဖ ဝိကသနေ (ဟောတိ) ရမ္ဗ’လမ္ဗဝသံသနေ;

'Capa' is in soothing; 'pu' in purifying; 'jhapa' in burning; 'supo' in sleeping; 'puppha' is in blooming; 'ramba' in hanging down and swaying.

၄၉.

49.

စုမ္ဗ ဝဒနသံယောဂေ ကမ္ဗ သံဝရဏေ (မတော),အမ္ဗ သဒ္ဒေ (စ) အဿာဒေ တာယနေ သဗိ မဏ္ဍနေ;

'Cumba' is in the union of mouths; 'kamba' is intended in covering; 'amba' in sound, taste, and protecting; 'sabi' in adorning.

၅၀.

50.

ဂဗ္ဗ ဒပ္ပေ’ဗ္ဗ-သဗ္ဗာ’(ပိ) ဂမနေ ပုဗ္ဗ ပူရဏေ,ဂုမ္ဗ’ဗ္ဗဂုမ္ဗနေ စဗ္ဗ အဒနေ ဥဗ္ဗ ဓာရဏေ;

'Gabba' is in pride; 'abba' and 'sabba' also in going; 'pubba' in filling; 'gumba' in swaying; 'cabba' in eating; 'ubba' in holding.

၅၁.

51.

လဘ လာဘေ ဇမ္ဘ ဂတ္တဝိနာမေ သုဘ သောဘနေ,ဘီ ဘယေ ရဘ ရာဘဿေ (စာ)’ရမ္ဘေ ခုဘ သဉ္စလေ;

'Labha' is in gain; 'jambha' in body-bending; 'subha' in beauty; 'bhī' in fear; 'rabha' in rushing and beginning; 'khubha' in agitation.

၅၂.

52.

ထမ္ဘ-ခမ္ဘ ပတိဗန္ဓေ ဂဗ္ဘ ပါဂဗ္ဘိယေ ဝဓေ,သုမ္ဘ သံသုမ္ဘနေ သမ္ဘ ဝိဿာသေ ယဘ မေထုနေ;

'Thambha' and 'khambha' are in obstruction; 'gabbha' in boldness and killing; 'sumbha' in crushing; 'sambha' in confidence; 'yabha' in sexual intercourse.

၅၃.

53.

ဒုဘ ဇီဂိံသနေ ဒဗ္ဘ ဂန္ထနေ ဥဒြဘာ’ဒနေ,ကမူ (တု) ပဒဝိက္ခေပေ ခမူ (တု) သဟဏေ (သိယာ;

)

'Dubha' is in the desire to harm; 'dabbha' in binding; 'udrabha' in eating; 'kamū' in stepping; 'khamū' may be in enduring.

၅၄.

54.

ဘမု အနဝဋ္ဌာနေ (စ) ဝမု ဥဂ္ဂိရဏာဒိသု,ကိလမု-က္လမူ ဂေလညေ ရမု ကီဠာ’ယ (မီရိတော;

)

'Bhamu' is in unsteadiness; 'vamu' in vomiting and so forth; 'kilamu' and 'klamū' in sickness; 'ramu' is said to be in playing.

၅၅.

55.

ဒမော ဒမေ နမ နမေ (အထော) သမ ပရိဿမေ,ယမု ဥပရမေ နာသေ အမ ယာတေ မု ဗန္ဓနေ;

Dama is used in taming; nama, in bowing; then, sama, in exertion; yamu, in cessation and destruction; ama, in going; mu, in binding.

၅၆.

56.

ဓမော ပုမော (စ) ဓမနေ တမ သင်္ကာဝိဘူသနေ,ဓုမ-ထီမ (စ) သံဃာတေ တမ သာန္တွ’ဝသာဒိယေ;

Dhama and puma are used in blowing; tama, in doubt and in adorning; dhuma and thīma, in assembling; tama, in consoling and in dispiriting.

၅၇.

57.

အယော ဝယော ပယ-မယော နယော ရယဂတိမှိ (စ)ဒယ ဒါနဂတီရက္ခာ ဟိံသာဒိသု ယု မိဿနေ;

Aya, vaya, paya, maya, naya, and raya are used in the sense of motion; daya, in giving, going, protection, and harming, etc.; yu, in mixing.

စာယ သမ္ပူဇနေ တာယ သန္တာနေ ပါယ ဝုဒ္ဓိယံ,(အထော) ဥသူယ ဒေါသာ’ဝိကရဏေ သာယ သာယနေ;

Cāya is used in veneration; tāya, in continuity; pāya, in growth; then, usūya, in envy and in revealing faults; sāya, in tasting.

၅၈.

58.

တရ တရဏသ္မိံ ထရ သန္ထရဏေ ဘရ ဘရဏသ္မိံ ဖရ သမ္ဖရဏေ,သရ ဂတိ စိန္တာ ဟိံသာ သဒ္ဒေ ဖုရ စလနာဒေါ ဟရ ဟရဏသ္မိံ;

Tara is used in crossing; thara, in spreading; bhara, in bearing; phara, in pervading; sara, in going, thinking, harming, and sounding; phura, in trembling and so forth; hara, in taking.

၅၉.

59.

ရိ သန္တတိသ္မိံ ရိ ဂတေ ရု သဒ္ဒေ ခုရစ္ဆိဒသ္မိံ ဓရ ဓာရဏမှိ,ဇရ ဇီရဏတ္ထေ မရပါဏစာဂေ ခရ သေကနာသေ ဃရ သေဝနမှိ;

Ri is used in continuity; ri, in going; ru, in sound; khura, in cutting; dhara, in holding; jara, in the sense of decaying; mara, in abandoning life; khara, in sprinkling and destroying; ghara, in serving.

၆၀.

60.

ဂရော နိဂရေဏ သေကေ ဒရ ဍာဟေ ဝိဒါရဏေ,စရ ဂတိဘက္ခဏေသု ဝရ သံဝရဏာဒိသု;

Gara is used in swallowing and sprinkling; dara, in burning and splitting; cara, in going and eating; vara, in choosing, restraining, and so forth.

၆၁.

61.

စရစ္ဆေဒေ အရနာသေ ဂတေ (စ) ပူရ ပူရဏေ,ကုရ က္ကောသေ နရ နယေ ဇာဂရ သုပိနက္ခယေ;

Cara is used in cutting; ara, in destroying and going; pūra, in filling; kura, in reviling; nara, in leading; jāgara, in the destruction of sleep.

၆၂.

62.

ပီလု-ပလူ-သလ-ဟုလာ ဂတျ’တ္ထာ စလ ကမ္ပနေ,ခလ သဉ္စလနေ ဖုလ္လ ဝိကာသေ ဇလ ဒိတ္တိယံ;

Pīlu, palū, sala, and hulā are used in the sense of movement; cala, in trembling; khala, in shaking; phulla, in blooming; jala, in shining.

၆၃.

63.

ဖလ နိပ္ဖတ္တိယံ (ဟောတိ) ဒလ ဒိတ္တိဝိဒါရဏေ,ဒလ ဒုဂ္ဂတိယံ နီလ ဝဏ္ဏေ မီလ နိမီလနေ;

Phala is used in fruition; dala, in shining and splitting; dala, also in misfortune; nīla, in coloring; mīla, in closing the eyes.

၆၄.

64.

သိလ သမာဓိမှိ ကီလ ဗန္ဓေ ဂလ-ဂိလာ’ဒနေ,ကူလ အာဝရဏေ သူလ ရုဇာယံ ဗလပါဏနေ;

Sila is used in concentration; kīla, in binding; gala and gilā, in eating; kūla, in covering; sūla, in pain; bala, in living.

၆၅.

65.

တလ-မူလ ပတိဋ္ဌာယံ ဝလ-ဝလ္လ နိဝါရဏေ,ပလ္လ နိန္နေ (စ) ဂမနေ မလ-မလ္လ’ဝဓာရဏေ;

Tala and mūla are used in establishing; vala and valla, in warding off; palla, in low ground and in going; mala and malla, in ascertaining.

၆၆.

66.

(ဝတ္တတေ) ခိလ ကာဌိန္နေ ကလိလေ အလ-ကလ ဒွယံ,ဝေလ္လ သဉ္စလနေ ကလ္လ သဇ္ဇနေ အလိဗန္ဓနေ;

Khila is used in hardness; the pair ala and kala, in mixture; vella, in shaking; kalla, in readiness; ali, in binding.

၆၇.

67.

စုလ္လ ဟာဝကိရယေ ထူလာ’ကဿနေ စူလ မဒ္ဒနေ,(ဝတ္တတေ) ခလ သောစေယျော ပလ ရက္ခဂတေသု(ပိ;

)

Culla is used in amorous gesture; thūla, in pulling; cūla, in crushing; khala, in purity; pala, in protection and in going.

၆၈.

68.

ကေလ-ခေလ-စေလ-ပေလ-ဝေလ-သဉ္စလနာဒိသု,အဝ ရက္ခဏေ ဇီဝ ပါဏဓာရဏေ (တု) ပ္လဝေါ ဂတေ;

Kela, khela, cela, pela, and vela are used in shaking and so forth; ava, in protecting; jīva, in maintaining life; plava, in going.

၆၉.

69.

ကဏ္ဍုဝနမှိ ကဏ္ဍုဝေါ သရဏေ ဆေဒနေ ဒဝေ,ဒဝေါ (တု) ဒဝနေ ဒေဝု ဒေဝနေ သေဝု သေဝနေ;

Kaṇḍu is used in itching; sara, in going; chida, in cutting; dava, in running; devu, in playing; sevu, in serving.

၇၀.

70.

ဓာဝ ဂမနဝုဒ္ဓိမှိ (ပဌိတော) ဓောဝု ဓောဝနေ;

ဝေ-ဝီ ဒွေ တန္တုသန္တာနေ ဝေ-ဝု သံဝရဏေ (သိယာ)ဟွေ အဝှာနေ ကေဝ သေကေ ဓုဝ ယာတြာ ထိရေသု (စ;

);

Dhāva is taught in the sense of going and growing; dhovu, in washing; the two roots ve and vī, in the continuity of thread; ve and vu, in restraining; hve, in calling; keva, in sprinkling; dhuva, in going and in steadfastness.

၇၁.

71.

အသ ဂသ အဒနေ ဃသ အဒနသ္မိံ-ဣသ ပရိယေသေ ဣသုဣစ္ဆာယံ,သသု ပါဏနဂတိဟိံသာ’ဒျ’တ္ထေ-မသ အာမသနေ မုသ သမ္မောသေ;

Asa and gasa are used in eating; ghasa, in eating; isa, in seeking; isu, in desiring; sasu, in the sense of breathing, going, harming, and so forth; masa, in touching; musa, in stealing.

၇၂.

72.

ကုသ အက္ကောသေ ဒုသ အပ္ပီတေ-တုသ သန္တောသေ ပုသ ပေါသမှိ,ရုသ အာလေပေ ရုသ ဟိံသာယံ-မသု မစ္ဆေရေ ဥသု ဒါဟေ (’ပိ;

)

Kusa is used in reviling; dusa, in displeasure; tusa, in contentment; pusa, in nourishing; rusa, in smearing; rusa, also in harming; masu, in miserliness; usu, also in burning.

၇၃.

73.

ဟသ ဟသနသ္မိံ ဃုသ သဒ္ဒသ္မိံ-တသ ဥဗ္ဗေဂေ တြသ ဥဗ္ဗေဂေ,လသ ကန္တျ’တ္ထေ ရသ အဿာဒေ-(ပုန)ဘသ ဘသ္မိကရဏေ(စာ’ပိ;

)

Hasa is used in laughing; ghusa, in sounding; tasa, in trembling; trasa, in trembling; lasa, in the sense of shining; rasa, in tasting; and again, bhasa, in reducing to ashes.

၇၄.

74.

ဂဝေသ မဂ္ဂဏေ ပံသ နာသနေ ဒိသ ပေက္ခဏေ,သာသာ’နုသိဋ္ဌိယံ ဟံသ ပိတိယံ ပါသ ဗန္ဓနေ;

Gavesa is used in seeking; paṃsa, in destroying; disa, in seeing; sāsa, in instructing; haṃsa, in delight; pāsa, in binding.

၇၅.

75.

သံသ ပသံသနေ ဣဿ ဣဿာယံ ကဿ ကဿနေ,ဓံသ ပဓံသနေ သိံသ ဣစ္ဆာယံ ဃံသ ဃံသနေ;

Saṃsa is used in praising; issa, in jealousy; kassa, in ploughing; dhaṃsa, in destroying; siṃsa, in wishing; ghaṃsa, in rubbing.

၇၆.

76.

သံသ-ဒံသာ (တု) ဍသနေ ဘာသ ဝါစာယ ဒိတ္တိယံ,(သိယာ) ဘုသ အလင်္ကာရေ (အထော) အာသူ’ပဝေသနေ;

Saṃsa and daṃsa are used in biting; bhāsa, in speaking and in shining; bhusa, in adornment; then, āsu, in entering.

၇၇.

77.

ဝသ ကန္တိနိဝါသေသု ဝဿသေစနသဒ္ဒနေ,ကိသ သာဏေ ကသ ဂတေ ကသ ဟိံသာဝိလေခနေ;

Vasa is used in beauty and in dwelling; vassa, in sprinkling and in sounding; kisa, in thinning; kasa, in going; kasa, also in harming and in scratching.

၇၈.

78.

ဒိသာ’တိသဇ္ဇနာ’ဒီသု ကာသ ဒိတ္တိမှိ သဇ္ဇနေ,(ဒုဝေ ဓာတု) ခသ-ဈသ ဟိံသာယံ မိသ မိလနေ;

Disa is used in pointing out, excessive giving, and so forth; kāsa, in shining and in readiness; the two roots khasa and jhasa, in harming; misa, in mixing.

၇၉.

79.

သု ဟိံသာကုလသန္ဓာနယာတြာ’ဒီသု သု ပဿဝေ,သု သဒ္ဒေ သု ပသဝနေ သိ သယေ (စ) သိ သေဝနေ;

Su is used in harming, joining, going, and so forth; su, in flowing; su, in sounding; su, in producing; si, in lying down; and si, in serving.

၈၀.

80.

မဟ ပူဇာယာ’ရဟပူဇာယံ-ဂုဟ သံဝရဏေ လိဟ အဿာဒေ,ရဟ စာဂသ္မိံ မုဟ မုစ္ဆာယံ-မဟ သတ္တာယံ ဗဟု သံချာနေ;

Maha is used in worship and in honoring the worthy; guha, in concealing; liha, in tasting; raha, in abandoning; muha, in delusion; maha, in existence; bahu, in counting.

၈၁.

81.

သဟ ခမေ ဒဟ ဘသ္မိကရဏေ (စ) ပတိဋ္ဌာယံ,ရုဟ သဉ္ဇနနေ ဦဟ ဝိတက္ကေ ဝဟ ပါပဏေ;

Saha is used in enduring; daha, in reducing to ashes and in establishing; ruha, in generating; ūha, in reasoning; vaha, in obtaining.

၈၂.

82.

ဒုဟ’ပ္ပပူရဏေ နာသေ ဒိဟော ဥပစယေ (မတော),နိန္ဒာယံ ဂရဟော ဤဟ ဃဋ္ဋနေ မိဟ သေဝနေ;

Duha is used in filling and destroying; diha is considered in the sense of accumulating; garaha, in blaming; īha, in striving; miha, in serving.

၈၃.

83.

ဂါဟ ဝိလောဠနေ ဗြူဟ-ဗဟ-ဗြဟ (စ) ဝုဒ္ဓိယံ,ဝှေ သဒ္ဒမှိ ဟသနေ ဟာ စာဂေ လုဠ မန္ထနေကီဠဝိဟာရမှိ လဠ ဝိလာသေ’(မေသဝုဒ္ဓိကာ;

)

Gāha is used in stirring; brūha, baha, and braha, in growing; vhe, in sounding and in laughing; hā, in abandoning; luḷa, in churning; kīḷa, in playing; laḷa, in sporting.

တုဒါဒယော အဝုဒ္ဓိကာ

Tuda and the like are without vowel gradation.

၈၄.

84.

တုဒ ဗျထာယံ (တု) နုဒ က္ခေပဏေ လိခ လေခဏေ,ကုစ သင်္ကောစနေ ရိစ က္ခရဏေ ခစ ဗန္ဓနေ;

tuda: in tormenting; nuda: in dispelling; likha: in writing; kuca: in shrinking; rica: in emptying; khaca: in binding.

၈၅.

85.

ဥစ သဒ္ဒေ သမဝါယေ ဝိဇီ ဘယစလေသု (စ),(ဝတ္တတေ) ဘုဇ ကောဋိလ္လေ ဝလဉ္ဇော (တု) ဝလဉ္ဇနေ;

uca: in sounding, assembling; vijī: in fear, trembling; bhuja: in crookedness; valañja: in using, going.

၈၆.

86.

ဘဇ သေဝါပုထက္ကာရေ ရုဇ ရောဂေ အဋာ’ဋနေ,ကုဋစ္ဆေဒေ (စ) ကောဋိလ္လေ အဂါ သဇ္ဈာယနာ’ဒိသု;

bhaja: in serving, separating; ruja: in sickness; aṭa: in wandering; kuṭa: in cutting, crookedness; aga: in reciting, etc.

၈၇.

87.

ပုဏော သုဘ ကိရယေ ဝတ္တ ဝတ္တနေ စတ ယာစနေ,ပုထ ပါကေ ပူတိဘာဝေ ကုထသံက္လေသနေ’(ပိ စ;

)

puṇa: in doing good; vatta: in turning; cata: in asking; putha: in cooking, decaying; kutha: in defiling.

၈၈.

88.

(ဥဘော ဓာတု) ပုထ-ပထ ဝိတ္ထာရေ ဝိဒ ဇာနနေ,ဟဒ ဥစ္စာရ ဥဿဂ္ဂေ-စိန္တာယံ မိဒ ဟိံသနေ;

putha/patha: in spreading; vida: in knowing; hada: in ejecting, abandoning; cinta: in thinking; mida: in harming.

၈၉.

89.

နန္ဓ ဝိနန္ဓနေ ထီန-ပုန သံဃာတဝါစိနော,ကပ အစ္ဆာဒနေ ဝပ္ပ ဝါရဏေ ခိပ ပေရဏေ;

nandha: in binding; thīna/puna: in assembling, speaking; kapa: in covering; vappa: in obstructing; khipa: in impelling.

၉၀.

90.

သုပေါ သယေ ဆုပေါ ဖဿေ (ဝတ္တတေ) စပ သာန္တွနေ,နဘ (ဓာတု) ဝိဟိံသာယံ ရုမ္ဘ ဥပ္ပီဠနာဒိသု;

supa: in sleeping; chupa: in touching; capa: in conciliating; nabha: in harming; rumbha: in oppressing, etc.

၉၁.

91.

သုမ္ဘ သံသုမ္ဘနေ ဇမ္ဘ ဇမ္ဘနေ ဇုဘ နိစ္ဆုဘေ,ဌုဘ နိဋ္ဌုဘနေ စမု အဒနေ ဆမု ဟီဠနေ;

sumbha: in crushing; jambha: in obstructing; jubha: in rejecting; ṭhubha: in spitting; camu: in eating; chamu: in despising.

၉၂.

92.

ဈမု ဒါဟေ ဆမု အဒနေ ဣရီယ ဝတ္တနေ’(ပိ စ),ကိရ (ဓာတု) ဝိကိရဏေ ဂိရော နိဂိရဏာ’ဒိသု;

jhamu: in burning; chamu: in eating; irīya: in moving; kira: in scattering; gira: in swallowing, etc.

၉၃.

93.

ဖုရ သဉ္စလနာဒီသု ကုရ သဒ္ဒါ’ဒနေသု (စ),ခုရစ္ဆေဒေ ဝိလိခဏေ ဃုရ ဘီမေ ဂိလာ’ဒနေ;

phura: in moving, etc.; kura: in sounding, taking; khura: in cutting, scratching; ghura: in terrifying; gilā: in eating.

၉၄.

94.

တိလ သ္နေဟေ စိလ ဝါသေ ဟိလ ဟာဝေ သိလု’ဉ္ဆနေ,ဗိလ ဘေဒေ ထူလ စယေ ကုသစ္ဆေဒန ပူရဏေ;

tila: in oiling; cila: in dwelling; hila: in coquetry; silu: in gleaning; bila: in splitting; thūla: in accumulating; kusa: in cutting, filling.

၉၅.

95.

ဝိသပ္ပဝေသေ ဖရဏေ ဒိသာ’တိသဇ္ဇနာ’ဒိသုဖုလ ဖဿေ မုသ ထေယျေ ထုသ အပ္ပိကိရယာယ (တု)ဂုဠ မောက္ခေ ဂုဠ ပရိဝတ္တနမှိ (တုဒါဒယော;

)

visa: in entering; phara: in pervading; disa: in liberality, etc.; phula: in touching; musa: in stealing; thusa: in dispersing; guḷa: in releasing; guḷa: in transforming.

ဟူ ဘုဝါဒယော လုတ္တဝိကရဏာ

Hū and the Bhū group are roots with elided verbal affixes.

၉၆.

96.

ဟူ-ဘူ သတ္တာယ (မု’စ္စန္တိ) ဣ အဇ္ဈာနေ ဂတိမှိ (စ,)ခါ-ချာ (ဒွယံ) ပကထနေ ဇိ ဇယေ ဉာ’ဝဗောဓနေ;

hū/bhū: in existence; i: in studying, going; khā/khyā: in speaking; ji: in conquering; ñā: in understanding.

၉၇.

97.

သီ-ဠီ ဝေဟာသဂမနေ ဌာ ဂတီဝိနိဝုတ္တိယံ,နီ ပါပဏေ မုန ဉာဏေ ဟန ဟိံသာဂတီသု (’ပိ)

sī/ḷī: in moving through the air; ṭhā: in stopping movement; nī: in obtaining; muna: in knowing; hana: in harming, going.

၉၈.

98.

ပါရက္ခဏမှိ ပါ ပါနေ ဗြူ ဝါစာယံ ဝိယတ္တိယံ,ဘာ ဒိတ္တိယံ မာ ပမာဏေ (အထော) ယာ ပါပုဏေ (သိယာ;

)

pā: in protecting; pā: in drinking; brū: in speaking, explaining; bhā: in shining; mā: in measuring; yā: in reaching.

၉၉.

99.

(ဒုဝေပိ) ရာ-လာ အာဒါနေ ဝါ ဂတီဂန္ဓနေသု (ပိ,)အသ (ဓာတု) ဘုဝိ (ချာတော) သိ သယေ သာ သမတ္ထိယေ;

rā/lā: in taking; vā: in going, smelling; asa: in existence; si: in lying down; sā: in ability.

ဇုဟောတျာ’ဒယော သဒွိဘာဝလုတ္တဝိကရဏာ.

The Juhoti group are roots with reduplication and elided verbal affixes.

၁၀၀.

100.

ဟူ ဒါနေ’(ပိ စ) အာဒါနေ ဟဝျဒါနေ (စ ဝတ္တတေ,)ဟာ စာဂေ ကမု ယာတြာယံ ဒါ ဒါနေ ဓာ (စ) ဓာရဏေ;

hū: in giving, receiving, and offering oblations; hā: in abandoning; kamu: in going; dā: in giving; dhā: in holding.

အဝိကရဏဘူဝါဒယော သမတ္တာ.

The Bhū group roots without verbal affixes are complete.

ရုဓာဒယော

The Rudh group.

၁၀၁.

101.

ရုဓိ အာဝရဏေ မုစ မောစနေ ရိစ ရေစနေ,သိစ သေကေ ယုဇ ယောဂေ ဘုဇ ပါလနဘောဇနေ;

rudhi: in obstructing; muca: in releasing; rica: in emptying; sica: in sprinkling; yuja: in joining; bhuja: in protecting and enjoying.

၁၀၂.

102.

ကတိစ္ဆေဒေ ဆိဒိ ဒွေဓာကရဏေ ဘိဒ ဝိဒါရဏေဝိဒ လာဘေ လုပစ္ဆေဒေ ဝိနာသေ လိပလိမ္ပနေပိသ သံစုဏ္ဏနေ ဟိသိ ဝိဟိံသာယံ (ရုဓာဒယော;

)

kati: in cutting; chidi: in splitting in two; bhida: in tearing apart; vida: in obtaining; lup: in cutting off and destroying; lipa: in smearing; pisa: in crushing; hisi: in harming.

ဒိဝါဒယော

The Div group.

၁၀၃.

103.

ဒိဝု ကီလာ ဝိဇိဂိံသာ ဝေါဟာရဇ္ဇုတိ ထောမိတေ,သိဝု တန္တူနသန္တာနေ ခီ ခယေ ခါ ပကာသနေ;

divu: in playing, desiring victory, conduct, shining, and praising; sivu: in sewing; khī: in destroying; khā: in revealing.

၁၀၄.

104.

ကာ-ဂါ သဒ္ဒေ (ပိ) ဃာ ဂန္ဓော’ပါဒါနေ ရုစ ရောစနေ,ကစ ဒိတျံ မုစ မောစေ (အထော) ဝိစ ဝိဝေစနေ;

kā/gā: in sound; ghā: in smelling and taking; ruca: in pleasing and shining; kaca: in shining; muca: in releasing; vica: in discerning.

၁၀၅.

105.

ရဉ္ဇ ရာဂေ သဉ္ဇ သင်္ဂေ ခလနေ မဇ္ဇ သုဒ္ဓိယံ,ယုဇော သမာဓိမှိ လုဇော ဝိနာသေ ဈာ ဝိစိန္တနေ;

rañja: in delighting; sañja: in clinging; khala: in stumbling; majja: in purity; yuj: in concentration; luj: in destroying; jhā: in contemplating.

၁၀၆.

106.

တာ ပါလနေ ဆိဒိ ဒွေဓာကာရေ မိဒ သိနေဟနေ,မဒု’မ္မာဒေ ခိဒ ဒီနဘာဝေ ဘိဒ ဝိဒါရဏေ;

tā: in protecting; chidi: in dividing into two; mida: in affection; madu: in intoxication; khida: in wretchedness; bhida: in tearing apart.

၁၀၇.

107.

သိဒ ပါကေ ပဒဂတေ ဝိဒ သတ္တာ ဝိစိန္တနေ,ဒီ ခယေ သုပနေ ဒါ (စ) ဒါနေ ဒါတွ’ဝခဏ္ဍနေ;

sida: in ripening; pada: in going; vida: in existence and discerning; dī: in destroying; supa: in dreaming; dā: in giving; dātva: in cutting off.

၁၀၈.

108.

ဗုဓာ’ဝဂမနာ’ဒီသု အတ္ထေသု ယုဓ ယုဇ္ဈနေ,ကုဓ ကောပေ သုဓ သောစေ ရာဓ ဟိံသာယ သိဒ္ဓိယံ;

Budh in understanding, etc.; Yudh in fighting; Kudh in anger; Sudh in purity; Rādh in harming and in accomplishing.

၁၀၉.

109.

ဣဓ သံသိဒ္ဓိဝုဒ္ဓီသု သိဓ-သာဓ (စ) သိဒ္ဓိယံ,ဝိဓ ဝေဓေ ဂိဓ ဂေဓေ ရုဓိ အာဝရဏာ’ဒိသု;

Idh in accomplishment and in increase; Sidh and Sādh in accomplishment; Vidh in piercing; Gidh in greed; Rudh in obstructing, etc.

၁၁၀.

110.

မန ဉာဏေ ဇနု’ပ္ပာဒေ ဟန ဟိံသာဂတီသု (ပိ,)သိနာ သောစေ ကုပ ကောပေ တပ သန္တာပ ပီဏနေ;

Man in knowing; Jan in arising; Han in harming and in going; Sinā in purity; Kup in anger; Tap in tormenting and in satisfying.

၁၁၁.

111.

လုပစ္ဆေဒေ ရုပ နာသေ ပကာသေ ဒိပ ဒိတ္တိယံ,ဒပ ဟာသေ လဘ လာဘေ လုဘ ဂေဓေ ခုဘော စလေ;

Lup in cutting off; Rup in destroying; Pakās in shining; Dip in shining; Dap in diminishing; Labh in gaining; Lubh in greed; Khubh in shaking.

၁၁၂.

112.

သမူ’ပသမ ခေဒေသု ဟရ-ဟိရီ (စ) လဇ္ဇနေ,မိလာ ဂတ္တဝီနာမေ (စ) ဂိလာ ဟာသက္ခယေ (ပိ စ;

)

Sam in calming and in weariness; Har and Hirī in shame; Milā in the bending of the body; Gilā in the decline of joy.

၁၁၃.

113.

လီ သိလေသေ ဒြဝီကာရေ ဝါ ဂတီ ဗန္ဓနေသု (စ,)လိသိ လေသေ တုသ တောသေ သိလိသာ’လိင်္ဂနာဒိသု;

Lī in clinging and in melting; Vā in going and in binding; Lisi in diminishing; Tus in satisfaction; Silis in embracing, etc.

၁၁၄.

114.

ကိလိသ ကလိသော’ပတာပေ (အထော) တသ ပိပါသနေ,ရုသ ရောသေ ဒိသ-ဒုသ အပ္ပီတိမှိ (ဒုဝေ သိယုံ;

)

Kilis in defilement and in tormenting; Tas in thirsting; Rus in anger; Dis and Dus in displeasure.

၁၁၅.

115.

ယသုပ္ပယတနေ အသု ခေပနေ (ပိ စ ဝတ္တတေ,)သုသ သောသေ ဘသ အဓောပါတေ နသ အဒဿနေ;

Yas in striving; Asu in throwing; Sus in drying; Bhas in falling downwards; Nas in disappearing.

၁၁၆. သာ’ဿာဒေ သာ’ဝသာနေ (စ) သာ တနူကရဏေ (ပိ စ) ဟာ စာဂေ မုဟ ဝေစိတ္တေ နဟ သဇ္ဇနဗန္ဓနေ နဟ သောစေ ပိဟိစ္ဆာယံ သိနိဟ-သနိဟ ပီတိယံ.

116. Sā in tasting, Sā in ending, and Sā in attenuating; Hā in abandoning; Muh in delusion; Nah in attaching and in binding; Nah in purity; Pih in longing; Sinih and Sanih in affection.

သွာဒယော

The Su-group, etc.

၁၁၇. သု သဝဏေ သက သတ္တိမှိ ခီ ခယမှိ ဂိ သဒ္ဒနေ,

117. Su in hearing; Sak in power; Khī in decay; Gi in sounding.

အပ-သမ္ဘူ (စ) ပါပုဏနေ ဟိ ဂတိမှိ ဝူ သံဝရေ;

Āp and Sambhū in reaching; Hī in going; Vū in restraint.

ကိယာဒယော

The Kī-group, etc.

၁၁၈.

118.

ကီ ဝိနိမယေ စိ စယေ ဇိ ဇယေ ဉာ’ဝဗောဓနေ,ထဝ’ဘိတ္ထဝေ ကမ္ပနေ ဓု (အထော) ပု ပဝနေ (သိယာ;

)

Kī in exchange; Ci in accumulation; Ji in conquest; Ñā in understanding; Thav in praising; Dhu in trembling; Pū in blowing.

၁၁၉.

119.

ပီ တပ္ပဏေ မာ ပမာဏေ ခိပက္ခေပေ မိ ဟိံသနေ,မိ ပမာဏေ မု ဗန္ဓေ (စ) လု ပစ္ဆေဒေ သိ ဗန္ဓနေအသ ဘက္ခဏေ (အထော) ဂဟ ဥပါဒါနေ (ကိယာဒယော;

)

Pī in satisfying; Mā in measuring; Khip in throwing; Mi in harming; Mi in measuring; Mu in binding; Lu in cutting off; Si in binding; As in eating; Gah in grasping.

တနာဒယော

The Tan-group, etc.

၁၂၀.

120.

တနု ဝိတ္ထာရေ သက သတ္တိသ္မိံ-ဒု ပရိတာပေ သနု ဒါနသ္မိံ,ဝန ယာစာယံ မနု ဗောဓသ္မိံ-ဟိ ဂတေ အပ ပါပုဏနသ္မိံ (ဟိ,)ကရ ကရဏသ္မိံ(ဘဝတိ)သိ ဗန္ဓေ-သု အဘိဿဝနေ(တနု အာဒီနိ;

)

Tan in extending; Sak in power; Du in tormenting; San in giving; Van in begging; Man in knowing; Hī in going; Āp in reaching; Kar in doing; Si in binding; Su in flowing forth.

နိစ္စံ ဏေဏယန္တာ စုရာဒယော.

The roots of the Cur-group, etc., always take the suffixes ṇe and ṇaya.

၁၂၁.

121.

စုရ ထေယျေ လောက (ဓာတု) ဒဿနေ အကိ လက္ခဏေ,သိယာ ထက ပတိဃာတေ (ပုန) တက္က ဝိတက္ကဏေ;

Cur in stealing; Lok in seeing; Ak in marking; Thak in obstructing; Takk in reasoning.

၁၂၂.

122.

လက္ခ ဒဿနအင်္ကေသု (ဝတ္တတေ) မက္ခ မက္ခဏေ,ဘက္ခာ’ဒနေ မောက္ခ မောစေ သုခ-ဒုက္ခ (စ) တကိရယေ;

Lakkh in seeing and in marking; Makkh in smearing; Bhakk in eating; Mokkh in releasing; Sukh and Dukkh in causing pleasure and pain.

၁၂၃.

123.

လိင်္ဂ စိတ္တကိရယာ’ဒီသု မဂ-မဂ္ဂ ဂဝေသနေ,(ပုနာ’ပိ) ပစ ဝိတ္ထာရေ က္လေသေ ဝဉ္စ ပလမ္ဘနေ.

Liṅg in mental activity, etc.; Mag and Magg in seeking; Pac in extending; Kilis in afflicting; Vañc in deceiving.

၁၂၄.

124.

ဝစ္စ အဇ္ဈာယနေ အစ္စ ပူဇာယံ ဝစ ဘာသနေ,ရစ ပတိယတနေ သုစ ပေသုညေ ရုစ ရောစနေ;

Vacc in studying; Acc in honoring; Vac in speaking; Rac in arranging; Sūc in slandering; Ruc in shining.

၁၂၅.

125.

မုစပ္ပမောစနေ လောစ ဒဿနေ ကစ ဒိတ္တိယံ,သဇ္ဇာ’ဇ္ဇ အဇ္ဇနေ တဇ္ဇ တဇ္ဇနေ ဝဇ္ဇ ဝဇ္ဇနေ;

Muc in releasing; Loc in seeing; Kac in shining; Sajj and Ajj in acquiring; Tajj in threatening; Vajj in avoiding.

၁၂၆.

126.

ယုဇ သံယမနေ ပူဇ ပူဇာယံ တိဇ တေဇနေ,ပဇ မဂ္ဂ သံဝရဏေ ဂတေ ဘဇ ဝိဘာဇနေ;

Yuj in restraining; Pūj in honoring; Tij in sharpening; Paj in obstructing the path and in going; Bhaj in dividing.

၁၂၇.

127.

(အထော) ဘာဇ ပုထက္ကာရေ သဘာဇ ပီတိဒဿနေ,(အထော တု) ဃဋ သံဃာတေ ဃဋ္ဋ သဉ္စလနာ’ဒိသု;

Bhāj in separating; Sabhāj in showing affection; Ghaṭ in assembling; Ghaṭṭ in moving, etc.

၁၂၈.

128.

ကုဋ-ကောဋ္ဋစ္ဆေဒနေ (ဒွေ) ကုဋ အာကောဋနာ’ဒိသု,နဋ နစ္စေ စဋ-ပုဋ ဘေဒေ ဝဏ္ဋ ဝိဘာဇနေ;

Kuṭ and Koṭṭ in cutting; Kuṭ in pounding, etc.; Naṭ in dancing; Caṭ and Puṭ in splitting; Vaṇṭ in dividing.

၁၂၉.

129.

တုဝဋ္ဋ ဧကသယနေ ဃဋော ဝိသရဏေ (သိယာ),ဂုဏ္ဌ ဩဂုဏ္ဌနေ ဟေဌ ဗာဓာယံ ဝေဌ ဝေဌနေဂုဍိ ဝေဌေ ကဍိ-ခဍိ ဘေဒနေ မဍိ ဘူသနေ;

Tuvaṭṭ in lying down alone; Ghaṭ in scattering; Guṇṭh in covering; Heṭh in oppressing; Veṭh in winding; Guḍ in wrapping; Kaḍ and Khaḍ in splitting; Maḍ in adorning.

၁၃၀.

130.

ပဏ္ဍ-ဘဏ္ဍ ပရိဘာသေ ဒဍိ အာဏာယ (မီရိတော),တဍိ သံတာဠနေ ပိဏ္ဍ သံဃာတေ ဆဍ္ဍ ဆဍ္ဍနေ;

Paṇḍ and Bhaṇḍ in reviling; Daḍ in commanding; Taḍ in striking; Piṇḍ in collecting; Chaḍḍ in abandoning.

၁၃၁.

131.

ဝဏ္ဏ သံဝဏ္ဏနေ စုဏ္ဏ စုဏ္ဏနေ အာဏ ပေသနေ,ဂဏ သံကလနေ ကဏ္ဏ သဝဏေ စိန္တ စိန္တနေ;

Vaṇṇ in describing; Cuṇṇ in pulverizing; Āṇ in commanding; Gaṇ in counting; Kaṇṇ in hearing; Cint in thinking.

၁၃၂.

132.

သန္တ သင်္ကောစနေ မန္တ ဂုတ္တ ဘာသန ဇာနနေ,စိတ သံစေတနာ’ဒိသု ကိတ္တ သံသဒ္ဒနေ (ဘဝေ;

)

Sant in shrinking; Mant in secret speech and in knowing; Cit in perceiving, etc.; Kitt in proclaiming.

၁၃၃.

133.

ယတ နီယျာတနေ ဂန္ထ သန္ဒဗ္ဘေ အတ္ထ ယာစနေ,ကထ ဝါကျပ္ပဗန္ဓေ (စ) ဝိဒ ဉာဏေ နုဒေ စုဒ;

Yat in leading forth; Ganth in composing; Atth in asking; Kath in connected discourse; Vid in knowing; Nud in impelling; Cud in instigating.

၁၃၄.

134.

ဆဒါ’ပဝါရဏေ ဆဒ္ဒ ဝမနေ ဆန္ဒ ဣစ္ဆယံ,ဝဒီ’ဘိဝါဒ ထောမေသု ဘဒိကလျာဏကမ္မနိ;

Chad in concealing; Chadd in vomiting; Chand in desiring; Vad in greeting and praising; Bhad in auspicious deeds.

၁၃၅.

135.

ဟိဠာဒ (တု) သုခေ ဂန္ဓ သူစနေ ဝိဓ ကမ္ပနေ,ရန္ဓ ပါကေ (အထော) မာန ပူဇာယံ နု တ္ထုတိမှိ (တု;

)

Hiḷād in happiness; Gandh in indicating; Vidh in trembling; Randh in cooking; Mān in honoring; Nu in praising.

၁၃၆.

136.

ထန ဒေဝသဒ္ဒေ ဦန ပရိဟာနေ ထေန စောရိယေ,ဓန သဒ္ဒေ ဉပ တောသ နိသာန မာရဏာ’ဒိသု;

Than in divine sound; Ūn in diminishing; Then in stealing; Dhan in sounding; Ñap in satisfying, marking, killing, and so forth.

၁၃၇.

137.

လပ ဝါကျေ ဈပ ဒါဟေ ရုပ ရောပဏအာဒိသု,ပီ တပ္ပနေ (သိယာ) ကပ္ပ ဝိတက္ကေ လဘိ ဝဉ္စနေ;

Lap in speaking; Jhap in burning; Rup in planting, and so forth; Pī in satisfying; Kapp in thinking; Labh in deceiving.

၁၃၈.

138.

(အထော) ဝဟိ ဂရဟာယံ သမု သာန္တွန ဒဿနေ,ကမု ဣစ္ဆာယ ကန္တိမှိ (သိယာ) ထောမ သိလာဃနေ;

Vah in censuring; Samu in consoling and showing; Kam in desiring and shining; Thom in praising.

၁၃၉.

139.

တိမု တေမန သင်္ကာသု အမ ရောဂဂတာ’ဒိသု,သံဂါမ ယုဒ္ဓေ (ဝတ္တေယျ) ဤရ ဝါစာ ပကမ္ပနေ;

Tim in moistening and doubting; Am in sickness, going, and so forth; Saṃgām in fighting; Īr in speaking and shaking.

၁၄၀.

140.

ဝရ အာဝရဏိ’စ္ဆာသု ယာစာယံ ဓရ ဓာရဏေ,တီရ ကမ္မ သမတ္တိမှိ ပါရ သာမတ္ထိယာ’ဒိသု;

Var in concealing and desiring; Yāc in begging; Dhar in holding; Tīr in completing work; Pār in ability, and so forth.

၁၄၁.

141.

တုလု’မ္မာနေ ခလ သောဝေ သဉ္စယေ ပါလရက္ခဏေ,ကလ သင်္ကလနာ’ဒီသု (ဘဝေ) မီလ နိမီလနေ;

Tul in measuring; Khal in sleeping and accumulating; Pāl in protecting; Kal in collecting, and so forth; Mīl in closing the eyes.

၁၄၂.

142.

သီလူ’ပဓာရဏေ မူလ ရောဟဏေ လလ ဣစ္ဆနေ,ဒုလ ဥက္ခေပဏေ ပူလ မဟတ္တန သမုဿယေ;

Sīl in upholding; Mūl in rooting; Lal in desiring; Dul in lifting up; Pūl in greatness and accumulating.

၁၄၃.

143.

ဃုသ သဒ္ဒေ ပိသ ပေသေ ဘုသာ’လင်္ကရဏေ (သိယာ,)ရုသ ပါရုသိယေ ခုံသ အက္ကောသေ ပုသ ပေါသနေ;

Ghus in sounding; Pis in grinding; Bhus in decorating; Rus in harshness; Khuṃs in abusing; Pus in nourishing.

၁၄၄.

144.

ဒိသ ဥစ္စာရဏာ’ဒီသု ဝသ အစ္ဆာဒနေ (သိယာ,)ရသ’ဿာဒေ ရဝေ သ္နေဟေ (အထော) သိသ ဝိသေသနေ;

Dis in uttering, and so forth; Vas in covering; Ras in tasting, sounding, and affection; Sis in distinguishing.

၁၄၅.

145.

သိ ဗန္ဓေ မိဿ သမ္မိဿေ ကုဟ ဝိမ္ဘာပနေ သိယာ,ရဟ စာဂေ ဂတေ (စာ’ပိ) မဟ ပူဇာယ (မီရိတော;

)

Si in binding; Miss in mixing; Kuh in deceiving; Rah in abandoning and going; Mah in honoring.

၁၄၆.

146.

ပိဟိ’စ္ဆာယံ သိယာ ဝီဠ လဇ္ဇာယံ ဧဠ ဖာဠနေဟီဠ ဂါရဟိယေ ပီဠ ဗာဓာယံ တဠ တာဠနေလဠ (ဓာတူ)’ပသေဝါ’ယံ (ဝတ္တတီ’မေစုရာဒယော;

)

Pih in longing; Vīḷ in shame; Eḷ in splitting; Hīḷ in reproaching; Pīḷ in oppressing; Taḷ in striking; Laḷ in serving (these roots belong to the Curādi group, and so forth).

သမတ္တာ သတ္တဂဏာ.

The seven groups are complete.

၁၄၇.

147.

ဘုဝါဒီ စ ရုဓာဒီ စ-ဒိဝါဒိ သွာ’ဒယော ဂဏာ,ကိယာဒီ စ တနာဒီ စ-စုရာဒီတီ’ဓ သတ္တဓာ;

The Bhū-group, the Rudh-group, the Div-group, the Su-group, the Kī-group, the Tan-group, and the Cur-group – thus, here, they are sevenfold.

၁၄၈.

148.

ကိရယာဝါစိတ္တမက္ခာတု-မေ’ကေကတ္ထော ဗဟူ’ဒိတော,ပယောဂတော’နုဂန္တဗ္ဗာ-အနေကတ္ထာ ဟိ ဓာတဝေါ;

For the root which denotes an action, a single meaning has been stated by me, yet many are given. Indeed, roots have many meanings; they are to be understood from usage.

၁၄၉.

149.

ဟိတာယ မန္ဒဗုဒ္ဓီနံ-ဝျတ္တံ ဝဏ္ဏက္ကမာ လဟုံ,ရစိတာ ဓာတုမဉ္ဇုသာ-သီလဝံသေန ဓီမတာ;

For the benefit of those with slow intellect, the Dhātumañjusā was composed clearly, in alphabetical order, and concisely by the wise Sīlavaṃsa.

၁၅၀.

150.

သဒ္ဓမ္မပင်္ကေရုဟရာဇဟံသော,အာသိဋ္ဌဓမ္မဋ္ဌိတိ သီလဝံသော;

ယက္ခဒ္ဒိလေနာချ နိဝါသဝါသီ,ယတိဿရော သောယမိဒံ အကာသိ;

A royal swan on the lotus of the True Dhamma, Sīlavaṃsa, who desires the establishment of the Dhamma, a resident dwelling in the place named Yakkhaddila—this lord of ascetics composed this.

ကစ္စာယန ဓာတုမဉ္ဇူသာ သမတ္တာ.

The Kaccāyana Dhātumañjūsā is complete.

သာစရိယာနုသိဋ္ဌာ ပရိသိဋ္ဌပရိဘာသာ

The Appendix of Technical Terms, as Taught by the Teacher.

၁.

1.

ဧကာ နေကဿ ရာနန္တူ-’ဘယေသံ အန္တိမာ သရာ,အင်္ဂါနုဗန္ဓာ ဓာတူနံ-ဝုစ္စန္တေ’ပိ ယထာက္ကမံ;

One vowel is the final for many roots, and for both; the indicatory letters of the roots are also stated in order.

၂.

2.

ဓာတုနော ဝျာဉ္ဇနာ ပုဗ္ဗေ-နိဂ္ဂဟီတံ သမ’န္တိမာ,ဣဝဏ္ဏေနာ’ရုဓာဒီန-မနုဗန္ဓေန စိဏှိတံ;

For the roots of the Rudh-group and so forth, the insertion of a niggahīta before the final consonant of the root is marked by the indicatory letter 'i'.

၃.

3.

သေသာ’နုဗန္ဓာ သဗ္ဗေသံ-ဟောန္တီ’ဓု’စ္စာရဏပ္ဖလာ,ဥစ္စာဝစပ္ဖလာ ဘာသ-န္တရမ္ပတွာ ဘ ဝန္တိ’ပိ;

The remaining indicatory letters of all roots are here for the purpose of pronunciation; they may also have various effects when words pass into another language.

၄.

4.

နာမဓာတုက ဘာဝေါ’ပိ-ကိရယာယ အဓိကာရတော,ဝိရုဒ္ဓန္တရာဘာဝါ-ကွစိဒေဝ ပယုဇ္ဇတေ;

The state of being a nominal root, by virtue of its governing rule over action, is employed only in certain cases, due to the absence of any contradiction.

၅.

5.

ဒွန္ဒယုတ္တိဝသာ ကွာပိ-အာဒေသော ယောဝိဘတ္တိယာ,ဂုဏာဒိဘာဝ သဒ္ဒေါ’ပိ-တကိရယတ္ထေ ဝိဓီယတေ;

In some cases, by the force of a dual construction, a substitute for an inflection is applied; the term 'guṇa' and so forth is also prescribed in the sense of that action.