နမော တဿ ဘဂဝတော အရဟတော သမ္မာသမ္ဗုဒ္ဓဿ

Homage to the Blessed One, the Arahant, the Perfectly Self-Enlightened One.

ကဝိဒပ္ပဏနီတိ

The Nīti of the Poet's Mirror

မာတိကာ

Table of Contents

ယထာဓမ္မိကရာဇူနံ, အမစ္စာ စ ပုရောဟိတာ;

နီတိသတ္ထံ သုနိဿာယ, နိစ္ဆယန္တိ ဝိနိစ္ဆယံ.

The ministers and priests of righteous kings, relying well on the treatise on policy, determine judgments.

အင်္ဂါနိ ဝေဒါ စတ္တာရော, မီမံသာနျာယ ဝိတ္ထာရော;

ဓမ္မသတ္ထံ ပုရာဏဉ္စ, ဝိဇ္ဇာ ဟေတာ စတုဒ္ဒသ.

The four Vedas with their six auxiliary disciplines, Mīmāṃsā, Nyāya, the Purāṇas, and the Dharmaśāstras—these are the fourteen branches of knowledge.

အာယုဗ္ဗေဒေါ မနုဗ္ဗေဒေါ, ဂန္ဓဗ္ဗော စေတိ တေ တယော;

အတ္ထသတ္ထံ စတုတ္ထဉ္စ, ဝိဇ္ဇာဟျာဋ္ဌရသ မတာ.

Āyurveda, the science of humanity, and the science of music are three; and the Arthaśāstra is the fourth. Together with the previous ones, these are considered the eighteen branches of knowledge.

သုတိသမုတိသင်္ချာ စ, ရောဂါနီတိ ဝိသေသကာ;

ဂန္ဓဗ္ဗာ ဂဏိကာ စေဝ, ဓနုဗ္ဗေဒါ စ ပူရဏာ.

Knowledge based on hearing, convention, and calculation; the special art of diagnosing disease; the arts of music, courtesanship, archery, and fulfillment.

တိကိစ္ဆာ ဣတိဟာသော စ, ဇောတိမာယာ စ ဆန္ဒတိ;

ကေတုမန္တာ စ သဒ္ဒါ စ, သိပ္ပာဋ္ဌာရသကာ ဣမေ.

Medicine, history, astrology and magic, prosody; the science of omens and mantras, and the science of sounds—these are the eighteen crafts.

ဒမော ဒဏ္ဍော ဣတိချာတော, တဋ္ဌာဒဏ္ဍော မဟီပတိ;

တဿ နီတိ ဒဏ္ဍနီတိ, နယနာနီတိ ဝုစ္စတိ.

Restraint is known as 'the rod' (daṇḍa); therefore, the king is the wielder of the rod. His policy is Daṇḍanīti, which is also called Nayanānīti, the policy of guidance.

ဒဏ္ဍေန နီယတေ စေဒံ, ဒဏ္ဍံ နယတိ ဝါ ပုန;

ဒဏ္ဍနီတိ ဣတိချာတော, တိလောကာ နတိ ဝတ္တတေ.

This world is guided by the rod, and the ruler in turn guides the rod. This is known as Daṇḍanīti; through it, the three worlds proceed in submission.

နာနာသတ္ထောဒ္ဓတံ ဝက္ခေ, ရာဇနီတိ သမုစ္စယံ;

သဗ္ဗဗီဇမိဒုံ သတ္ထံ, စာဏကျ သာရသင်္ဂဟံ.

I shall explain this collection of royal policy, drawn from various treatises. This treatise is the seed of all, a compendium of the essence of Cāṇakya.

မူလသုတ္တံ ပဝက္ခာမိ, စာဏကျေန ယထောဒိတံ;

ယဿံ ဝိညာတမတ္တေန, မူဠှော ဘဝတိ ပဏ္ဍိတော.

I will proclaim the root text, as it was taught by Cāṇakya, by the mere understanding of which a fool becomes a wise man.

မိတ္တလာဘော သုဟဒဘေဒေါ, ဝိဂ္ဂဟော သန္ဓိရေဝ စ;

ပဉ္စတန္ဒြာ တထာညသ္မာ, ဂန္ထာ ကဿိယလိချတေ.

The gaining of friends, the separation of friends, conflict, and alliance; material from the Pañcatantra and also from other books is written herein.

လောကနီတိမှာ –

From the Lokanīti –

(၁) ပဏ္ဍိတကဏ္ဍ. (၂) သုဇနကဏ္ဍ. (၃) ဗာလဒုဇ္ဇန ကဏ္ဍ. (၄) မိတ္တကဏ္ဍ. (၅) ဣတ္ထိကဏ္ဍ. (၆) ရာဇကဏ္ဍ. (၇) ပကိဏ္ဏက ကဏ္ဍ-

(1) The Chapter on the Wise; (2) The Chapter on Good People; (3) The Chapter on Fools and the Wicked; (4) The Chapter on Friends; (5) The Chapter on Women; (6) The Chapter on Kings; (7) The Miscellaneous Chapter.

လောကနီတိ –

The Lokanīti –

ပဏ္ဍိတော သုဇနော ကဏ္ဍော, ဒုဇ္ဇနော မိတ္တဣတ္ထီ စ;

ရာဇပကိဏ္ဏကော စာတိ, သတ္တကဏ္ဍေ ဝိဘူသိနော.

The wise person, the good person, the wicked person, the friend, the woman, the king, and the miscellaneous section: thus it is adorned with seven chapters.

စက္ကိန္ဒာဘိသိရိနာယံ, သောဓိတော ကာသိကေ သာကေ;

ဆနောတျံ ဒုတိယာသဠှေ, ကာဠသတ္တမ အာဒိဟေ.

Corrected by Cakkindābhisiri in the Kāsika era, at Chanot, on the second day of Āsāḷha, the seventh day of the dark fortnight.

လောကနီတိံ ပဝက္ခာမိ, နာနာသတ္ထသမုဒ္ဓဋံ;

မာဂဓေနေဝ သင်္ခေပံ, ဝန္ဒိတွာ ရတနတ္တယံ.

Having paid homage to the Triple Gem, I shall proclaim the Lokanīti in brief in the Māgadhī tongue, a work compiled from various treatises.

နီတိ လောကေ ပုရိသဿ သာရော,မာတာ ပိတာ အာစရိယော မိတ္တော;

တသ္မာ ဟိ နီတိံ ပုရိသော ဝိဇညာ,ဉာဏီမဟာ ဟောတိ ဗဟုဿုတော.

In this world, right conduct is the essence of a person. Mother, father, teacher, and friend—therefore a person should understand right conduct; he becomes greatly wise and very learned.

မဟာရဟနီတိ –

The Mahārahanīti –

(၁) ပဏ္ဍိတကထာ. (၂) သမ္ဘေဒကထာ. (၃) မိတ္တကထာ. (၄) နာယက ကထာ. (၅) ဣတ္ထိကထာ

(1) The Discourse on the Wise; (2) The Discourse on Creating Division; (3) The Discourse on Friends; (4) The Discourse on Leaders; (5) The Discourse on Women.

မဟာရဟ ရဟံသကျ-မုနိံ နီဝရဏာ တဏှာ;

မုတ္တံ မုတ္တံ သုဒဿနံ, ဝန္ဒေ ဗောဓိဝရံ ဝရံ.

I pay homage to the Sakyan Sage, the great and worthy one, liberated from hindrances and craving, truly liberated, beautiful to see, the supreme, excellent Enlightened One.

နီတိဓ ဇန္တူနံ သာရော, မိတ္တာစရိယာ စ ပိတရော;

နီတိမာ သုဗုဒ္ဓိဗျတ္တော, သုတဝါ အတ္ထဒဿိမာ.

Here, wise conduct is the essence of beings, learned from friends, teachers, and parents. One who possesses such conduct is wise and articulate, learned and discerning of what is beneficial.

ဓမ္မနီတိ –

The Dhammanīti –

(၁) အာစရိယကထာ (၂) သိပ္ပကထာ (၃) ပညာကထာ (၄) သုတကထာ (၅) ကထာနကထာ (၆) ဓနကထာ (၇) ဒေသကထာ (၈) နိဿယကထာ (၉) မိတ္တကထာ (၁၀) ဒုဇ္ဇနကထာ (၁၁) သုဇနကထာ (၁၂) ဗလကထာ (၁၃) ဣတ္ထိကထာ (၁၄) ယုတ္တကထာ (၁၅) ဒါသကထာ (၁၆) ဃရာဝါသကထာ (၁၇) ကာတဗ္ဗကထာ (၁၈) အကာတဗ္ဗကထာ (၁၉) ဉာတဗ္ဗကထာ (၂၀) အလင်္ကာရကထာ (၂၁) ရာဇဓမ္မကထာ (၂၂) ဥပသေဝကကထာ (၂၃) ဒုက္ခာဒိမိဿကကထာ (၂၄) ပကိဏ္ဏကကထာ

(1) Discourse on Teachers; (2) Discourse on Crafts; (3) Discourse on Wisdom; (4) Discourse on Learning; (5) Discourse on Narratives; (6) Discourse on Wealth; (7) Discourse on Countries; (8) Discourse on Support; (9) Discourse on Friends; (10) Discourse on the Wicked; (11) Discourse on the Good; (12) Discourse on Strength; (13) Discourse on Women; (14) Discourse on What is Fitting; (15) Discourse on Servants; (16) Discourse on Household Life; (17) Discourse on What Should Be Done; (18) Discourse on What Should Not Be Done; (19) Discourse on What Should Be Known; (20) Discourse on Adornments; (21) Discourse on the Dhamma of Kings; (22) Discourse on Attendants; (23) Miscellaneous Discourse on Suffering, etc.; (24) Miscellaneous Discourse.

စက္ကာတိစက္ကစက္ကိန္ဒော, ဒေဝါတိဒေဝါဒေဝိန္ဒော,ဗြဟ္မာတိ ဗြဟ္မဗြဟ္မိန္ဒော, ဇိနော ပူရေတု မေ ဘာဝံ.

Lord of Wheel-Turners, surpassing wheel-turners; Lord of Devas, a deva beyond devas; Lord of Brahmās, a brahmā beyond brahmās—may the Victor fulfill my aspiration.

စိရံ တိဋ္ဌတု လောကမှိ, ဓံသကံ သဗ္ဗပါဏိနံ;

မဟာမောဟတမံ ဇယံ, ဇောတန္တံ ဇိနသာသနံ.

Long may the teaching of the Victor endure in the world, shining brightly, conquering the great darkness of delusion that is the destroyer of all living beings.

ဝန္ဒိတွာ ရတနံ သေဋ္ဌံ, နိဿာယ ပုဗ္ဗကေ ဂရု;

နီတိဓမ္မံ ပဝက္ခာမိ, သဗ္ဗလောက သုခါဝဟံ.

Having paid homage to the supreme Jewel and relying on the teachers of old, I shall proclaim the Nītidhamma, which brings happiness to all the world.

အာစရိယော စ သိပ္ပဉ္စ, ပညာသုတကထာဓနံ;

ဒေသဉ္စ နိဿယော မိတ္တံ, ဒုဇ္ဇနော သုဇနော ဗလံ.

The teacher and craft; wisdom, learning, discourse, and wealth; country, support, and friend; the wicked, the good, and strength.

ဣတ္ထီ ပုတ္တော စ ဒါသော စ, ဃရာဝါသော ကတာကတော;

ဉာတဗ္ဗော စ အလင်္ကာရော, ရာဇဓမ္မာ ပသေဝကော;

ဒုက္ခာဒိမိဿကော စေဝ, ပကိဏ္ဏကာတိ မာတိကာ.

Woman, son, and servant; household life, what is to be done and not to be done; what is to be known and adornments; the principles of kingship and the attendant; mixed matters such as suffering; and miscellaneous—this is the table of contents.

ရာဇနီတိ –

The Rājanīti –

သီဟာ ဧကံ ဗကာ ဧကံ, သိက္ခေ စတ္တာရိ ကုက္ကုဋာ;

ပဉ္စ ကာကာ ရာဇာ နာမ, ဆ သုနက္ခာ တီဏိ ဂဒြဘာ.

A king should learn one thing from a lion, one from a heron, four from a rooster, five from a crow, six from a dog, and three from a donkey.

၁.

1.

မဟာကမ္မံ ခုဒ္ဒကံ ဝါ, ယံ ကမ္မံ ကာတုမိစ္ဆတိ;

သဗ္ဗာရမ္ဘေန ကာတဗ္ဗံ, သီဟာ ဧကံ တဒါ ဘဝေ.

Whether the task is great or small, whatever work one wishes to do, it should be done with total effort. This is the one quality to be learned from the lion.

၂.

2.

ဣန္ဒြိယာနိ သုသံယမ, ဗကောဝ ပဏ္ဍိတော ဘဝေ;

ဒေသက လောမပန္နာနိ, သဗ္ဗကမ္မာနိ သာဓယေ.

Having well restrained his senses, the wise person should be like a heron; endowed with an understanding of place and time, he should accomplish all his tasks.

၃.

3.

ပုဗ္ဗဋ္ဌာနဉ္စ ယုဒ္ဓဉ္စ, သံဝိဘာဂဉ္စ ဗန္ဓု ဟိ;

ထိယာ အက္ကမ္မ ဘုတ္တဉ္စ, သိက္ခေ စတ္တာရိ ကုက္ကုဋော.

Rising early, fighting, sharing with relatives, and forcefully enjoying a female—these four things are to be learned from a rooster.

၄.

4.

ဂုယှေ မေထုနံ ပေက္ခိတွာ, ဘောဇနံ ဉာတိသင်္ဂဟော;

ဝိလောကာ ပေက္ခနာလသျံ, ပဉ္စ သိက္ခေယျ ဝါယသာ.

Secret intercourse, eating with vigilance, gathering with kin, watchfulness, and diligence—these five should one learn from a crow.

၅.

5.

အနာလဿံတိသဝန္တာသော, သုနိဒ္ဓါ သုပ္ပဗောဓနာ;

ဒဠှဘတ္တိ စ သူရဉ္စ, ဆ ဧတေသွာနတော ဂုဏော.

Diligence, great contentment, sleeping soundly, waking easily, firm loyalty, and bravery—these six are the qualities to be learned from a dog.

၆.

6.

ခိန္နောဝ ဝဟတေ ဘာရံ, သီတုဏှဉ္စ န စိန္တယီ;

သန္တုဋ္ဌော စ ဘဝေ နိစ္စံ, တီဏိ သိက္ခေယျ ဂဒြဘာ.

To carry one's burden even when exhausted, to be indifferent to cold and heat, and to be always content—these three things should be learned from a donkey.

၇.

7.

ဝီသတိ တာနိ ဂုဏာနိ, စရေယျ ဣဟ ပဏ္ဍိတော;

ဝိဇေယျ ရိပူ သဗ္ဗေပိ, တေဇဿီ သော ဘဝိဿတိ.

The wise person who practices these twenty qualities in this world will conquer all his enemies and become full of majesty.

(၁) ပဏ္ဍိတကဏ္ဍ (၂) သုဇနကဏ္ဍ (၃) ဗာလဒုဇ္ဇနကဏ္ဍ (၄) မိတ္တကဏ္ဍ (၅) ရာဇကဏ္ဍ (၆) နာယကကဏ္ဍ (၇) ပုတ္တကဏ္ဍ (၈) ဝေဇ္ဇာစရိယကဏ္ဍ (၉) ဒါသကကဏ္ဍ (၁၀) ဣတ္ထိကဏ္ဍ (၁၁) ပကိဏ္ဏကကဏ္ဍ

(1) The Section on the Wise; (2) The Section on Good People; (3) The Section on Fools and the Wicked; (4) The Section on Friends; (5) The Section on Kings; (6) The Section on Leaders; (7) The Section on Sons; (8) The Section on Physicians and Teachers; (9) The Section on Servants; (10) The Section on Women; (11) The Miscellaneous Section.

ကဝိဒပ္ပဏနီတိံယော, ဝါစုဂ္ဂတံ ကရောတိ စေ;

ဘုဝနမဇ္ဈေ ဧသော ဟိ, ဝိညူ ပဏ္ဍိတဇာတိကော.

Whoever learns the Kavidappaṇanīti by heart, that person, in the midst of the world, is truly intelligent, one of the wise.

ကဝိဒပ္ပဏနီတိ

The Poet's Mirror

နမော တဿ ဘဂဝတော အရဟတော သမ္မာသမ္ဗုဒ္ဓဿ

Homage to the Blessed One, the Arahant, the Perfectly Self-Enlightened One.

ရတနတ္တယပဏာမ

Homage to the Triple Gem

၁.

1.

မဟာကဝိဝရံ [Pg.1] ဗုဒ္ဓံ, ဓမ္မဉ္စ တေန သေဝိတံ;

သံဃံ နိရင်္ဂဏဉ္စာပိ, ဝန္ဒာမိ သိရသာ ဒရံ.

With reverence, I bow my head to the Buddha, the great and excellent sage; to the Dhamma cultivated by him; and also to the stainless Sangha.

၂.

2.

ကရိဿာမိ သမာသေန, နာနာသတ္ထ သမုဒ္ဓဋံ;

ဟိတာယ ကဝိနံ နီတိံ, ကဝိဒပ္ပဏနာမကံ.

I will compose concisely, having extracted from various scriptures, a guide for the benefit of poets, named 'The Poet's Mirror'.

ပဏ္ဍိတကဏ္ဍ

The Section on the Wise

၃.

3.

နီတိ [Pg.2] သာရော မနုဿာနံ, မိတ္တော အာစရိယောပိ စ;

မာတာ ပိတာ စ နီတိမာ, သုတဝါ ဂန္ထကာရကော.

Guidance is the essence for human beings; it is a friend and a teacher, a wise mother and father, a learned person, and an author.

၄.

4.

အလသဿ [Pg.3] ကုတော သိပ္ပံ, အသိပ္ပဿ ကုတော ဓနံ;

အဓနဿ ကုတော မိတ္တံ, အမိတ္တဿ ကုတော သုခံ;

အသုခဿ ကုတော ပုညံ, အပုညဿ ကုတော ဝရံ.

For the lazy, whence is skill? For the unskilled, whence is wealth? For the poor, whence is a friend? For the friendless, whence is happiness? For the unhappy, whence is merit? For the meritless, whence is a boon?

၅.

5.

သုစိန္တိတစိန္တီ [Pg.4] စေဝ, သုဘာသိတဘာသီပိ စ;

သုကတကမ္မကာရီ စ, ပဏ္ဍိတော သာဓုမာနုသော.

One who thinks well-thought thoughts, speaks well-spoken words, and does well-done deeds is a wise and good person.

၆.

6.

ကဝိဟေရညကာ [Pg.5] ကတွာ, ဥတ္တတ္တံ သတ္ထကဉ္စနံ;

ဘူသနံ ဂဇ္ဇပဇ္ဇာဒိံ, ကရောန္တိ စ မနောဟရံ.

Poets, who are like goldsmiths, having refined the gold of the scriptures, create charming ornaments such as prose and verse.

၇.

7.

ဗဟုံ [Pg.6] လဟုဉ္စ ဂဟဏံ, သမ္မူပဓာရဏမ္ပိ စ;

ဂဟိတ အသမ္မုဿနံ, ဧတံ သုဝိညုလက္ခဏံ.

Grasping much and quickly, proper retention, and not forgetting what has been grasped—this is the mark of a truly wise person.

၈.

8.

အဇရာမရံဝ ပညော, ဝိဇ္ဇမတ္ထဉ္စ စိန္တယေ;

ဂဟိတော ဣဝ ကေသေသု, မစ္စုနာ ဓမ္မမာစရေ.

The wise person should pursue knowledge and wealth as if not subject to old age and death; but as if seized by the hair by Death, they should practice the Dhamma.

၉.

9.

သိပ္ပသမံ [Pg.7] ဓနံ နတ္ထိ, သိပ္ပံ စောရာ န ဂဏှရေ;

ဣဓ လောကေ သိပ္ပံ မိတ္တံ, ပရလောကေ သုခါဝဟံ.

There is no wealth equal to skill; thieves cannot take skill. In this world skill is a friend; in the next world it brings happiness.

၁၀.

10.

ဘုဉ္ဇနတ္ထံ [Pg.8] ကထနတ္ထံ, မုခံ ဟောတီတိ နော ဝဒေ;

ယံ ဝါတံ ဝါ မုခါရုဠှံ, ဝစနံ ပဏ္ဍိတော နရော.

A wise person should not utter whatever random word comes to their mouth, thinking, 'The mouth is for eating and speaking.'

၁၁.

11.

ဒုမ္မေဓေဟိ ပသံသာ စ, ဝိညူဟိ ဂရဟာ စ ယာ;

ဂရဟာဝ သေယျော ဝိညူဟိ, ယဉ္စေ ဗာလပ္ပသံသနာ.

Praise from the foolish and blame from the wise—blame from the wise is surely better than praise from fools.

၁၂.

12.

အစိန္တိယေ [Pg.9] သာဋ္ဌကထေ, ပဏ္ဍိတော ဇိနဘာသိတေ;

ဥပဒေသံ သဒါ ဂဏှေ, ဂရုံ သမ္မာ ဥပဋ္ဌဟံ.

In the profound, commented-upon speech of the Conqueror, the wise person should always receive instruction, properly attending to the teacher.

တသ္မာ သာဋ္ဌကထေ ဓီရော, ဂမ္ဘီရေ ဇိနဘာသိတေ;

ဥပဒေသံ သဒါ ဂဏှေ, ဂရုံ သမ္မာ ဥပဋ္ဌဟံ.

Therefore, in the profound, commented-upon speech of the Conqueror, the steadfast person should always receive instruction, properly attending to the teacher.

၁၃.

13.

ဂရူပဒေသဟီနော [Pg.10] ဟိ, အတ္ထသာရံ န ဝိန္ဒတိ;

အတ္ထသာရဝိဟီနော သော, သဒ္ဓမ္မာ ပရိဟာယတိ.

Indeed, one who lacks a teacher's instruction does not find the essence of the meaning; deprived of the essence of the meaning, one falls away from the true Dhamma.

၁၄.

14.

ဂရူပဒေသလာဘီ စ, အတ္ထသာရသမာယုတော;

သဒ္ဓမ္မံ ပရိပါလေန္တော, သဒ္ဓမ္မသ္မာ န ဟာယတိ.

One who obtains a teacher's instruction, is endowed with the essence of the meaning, and protects the true Dhamma, does not fall away from the true Dhamma.

၁၅.

15.

သဗ္ဗဒဗ္ဗေသု [Pg.11] ဝိဇ္ဇေဝ, ဒဗ္ဗမာဟု အနုတ္တရံ;

အဟာရတ္တာ အနဂ္ဃတ္တာ, အက္ခယတ္တာ စ သဗ္ဗဒါ.

Among all possessions, they call knowledge the unsurpassed possession, because it cannot be stolen, is priceless, and is always inexhaustible.

၁၆.

16.

အပ္ပကေနပိ မေဓာဝီ, ပါဘတေန ဝိစက္ခဏော;

သမုဋ္ဌာပေတိ အတ္တာနံ, အဏုံ အဂ္ဂိံဝ သန္ဓမံ.

Even with little, the wise and discerning person raises themself up, like one fanning a tiny fire.

၁၇.

17.

ပဏ္ဍိတေ [Pg.12] စ ဂုဏာ သဗ္ဗေ, မူဠှေ ဒေါသာ ဟိ ကေဝလံ;

တသ္မာ မူဠှသဟဿေသု, ပညော ဧကော ဝိသေသိယတေ.

In the wise are all virtues; in the fool, only faults. Therefore, one wise person is more distinguished than thousands of fools.

၁၈.

18.

ဗာလာ [Pg.13] ဣဿန္တိ ဒုမ္မေဓာ, ဂုဏီ နိဒ္ဒေါသကာရိနော;

ဂရုကော ပဏ္ဍိတော ဧတသ-မိဿံ တေဟျဝိဒွါ သမော.

Fools and the unwise are envious; the virtuous do what is blameless. The wise person is venerable; no ignorant one is their equal.

၁၉.

19.

မနုညမေဝ [Pg.14] ဘာသေယျ, နာမနုညံ ကုဒါစနံ;

မနုညံ ဘာသမာနဿ, ဂရုံ ဘာရံ ဥဒဒ္ဓရိ;

ဓနဉ္စ နံ အလာဘေသိ, တေန စတ္တမနော အဟု.

One should speak only what is pleasing, never what is unpleasing. By speaking what was pleasing, he lifted a heavy burden, obtained wealth, and because of that, his mind was delighted.

၂၀.

20.

ဝိဇ္ဇာ [Pg.15] ဒဒါတိ ဝိနယံ, ဝိနယာ ယာတိ ပတ္တတံ;

ပတ္တတ္တာ ဓနံ ပပ္ပောတိ, ဓနာ ဓမ္မံ တတော သုခံ.

Knowledge gives discipline; from discipline one attains fitness. From fitness one obtains wealth; from wealth, Dhamma; and from that, happiness.

၂၁.

21.

ယေ ဝုဍ္ဎမပစယန္တိ, နရာ ဓမ္မဿ ကောဝိဒါ;

ဒိဋ္ဌေဝ ဓမ္မေ ပါသံသာ, သမ္ပရာယေ စ သုဂ္ဂတိံ.

Those people, wise in the Dhamma, who honor their elders, are praiseworthy in this very life and find a good destination in the hereafter.

၂၂.

22.

မာတရိဝ [Pg.16] ပရဒါရေသု, ပရဒဗ္ဗေသု လေဒ္ဒုံဝ;

အတ္တနီဝ သဗ္ဗဘူတေသု, ယော ပဿတိ သော ပဏ္ဍိတော.

He who looks upon another's wife as his mother, upon another's property as a clod of earth, and upon all beings as himself—he is a wise person.

၂၃.

23.

အာသီသေထေဝ [Pg.17] ပုရိသော, န နိဗ္ဗိန္ဒေယျ ပဏ္ဍိတော;

အနဝဇ္ဇေသု ကမ္မေသု, ပသံသိတေသု သာဓုဘိ.

A person should always aspire, the wise should not become disheartened, in regard to blameless actions praised by the good.

အာသီသေထေဝ [Pg.18] ပုရိသော, န နိဗ္ဗိန္ဒေယျ ပဏ္ဍိတော;

ပဿာမိ ဝေါဟံ အတ္တာနံ, ယထာ ဣစ္ဆိံ တထာ အဟု.

A person should always aspire, the wise should not become disheartened. I see myself: just as I wished, so it has come to be.

၂၄.

24.

ဝါယမေထေဝ ပုရိသော, န နိဗ္ဗိန္ဒေယျ ပဏ္ဍိတော;

ပုညကြိယဝတ္ထူသု, ပသံသိတေသု ဝိညုဘိ.

A person should always strive, the wise should not become disheartened, in the grounds for meritorious action praised by the discerning.

၂၅.

25.

လောကေ [Pg.19] ဥဿာဟဝန္တာနံ, ဇနာနံ ကိမသာဓိယံ;

သာဂရေပိ မဟာသေတုံ, ကပိယူထေဟိ ဗန္ဓတိ.

For energetic people in this world, what is unachievable? A great bridge was built even across the ocean by troops of monkeys.

၂၆.

26.

ကိံ ကုလေန ဝိသာလေန, ဂုဏဟီနော တု ယော နရော;

အကုလိနောပိ သတ္ထညော, ဒေဝတာဟိပိ ပုဇ္ဇတေ.

What is a great lineage to a person who is devoid of virtue? Even one of no lineage, if wise in the teachings, is honored even by the gods.

၂၇.

27.

ဥက္ကဋ္ဌေ [Pg.20] သူရမိစ္ဆန္တိ, မန္တီသု အကုတူဟလံ;

ပိယဉ္စ အန္နပါနမှိ, အတ္ထေ ဇာတေ စ ပဏ္ဍိတံ.

In a crisis, they desire a hero; in counsel, one who is steadfast; at a meal, a dear one; and when a need arises, a wise person.

၂၈.

28.

ရူပယောဗ္ဗန္နသမ္ပန္နာ[Pg.21], ဝိသာလကုလသမ္ဘဝါ;

ဝိဇ္ဇာဟီနာ န သောဘန္တေ, နိဂ္ဂန္ဓာ ဣဝ ကိံ သုကာ.

Though endowed with beauty and youth and born of a great family, those lacking knowledge do not shine, like scentless kiṃsuka flowers.

၂၉.

29.

ဝုတျံ [Pg.22] ဝိသဒဉာဏဿ, ဉာတော အတ္ထော တရဿန;

သူရပ္ပဘာယ အာဒါသော, ဆာယံ ဒိဿေ န မာကရေ.

For one with clear knowledge, the meaning is understood as a way to cross over; just as in a mirror in the sun's light, a reflection is seen, not made.

၃၀.

30.

အဝေယျာကရဏော တွန္ဓော, ဗဓိရော ကောသဝဇ္ဇိတော;

သာဟိစ္စရဟိတော ပင်္ဂု, မူဂေါ တက္ကဝိဝဇ္ဇိတော.

One without grammar is blind; one without a treasury of knowledge is deaf; one without literature is lame; one without logic is mute.

၃၁.

31.

ဓီရော [Pg.23] စ ဝိဝိဓာနညူ, ပရေသံ ဝိဝရာနုဂူ;

သဗ္ဗာမိတ္တေ ဝသီကတွာ, ကောသိယောဝ သုခီ သိယာ.

The wise one, a knower of various things, who is compliant with the ways of others, having brought all enemies under control, may be happy like Kosiya.

၃၂.

32.

မဟာတေဇောပိ [Pg.24] တေဇောယံ, မတ္တိကံ န မုဒုံ ကရေ;

အာပေါ အာပေသိ မုဒုကံ, သာဓုဝါစာဝ ကက္ခဠံ.

Even a great fire does not soften clay, but water makes it soft; just so, gentle speech softens a harsh person.

၃၃.

33.

ကောတ္ထော ပုတ္တေန ဇာတေန, ယော န ဝိဒူ န ဓမ္မိကော;

ကာဏေန စက္ခုနာ ကိံ ဝါ, စက္ခု ပီဠေဝ ကေဝလံ.

What is the use of a son who is born, if he is neither wise nor righteous? Or what is the use of a defective eye? It is merely a source of affliction.

၃၄.

34.

မုဒုနာဝ [Pg.25] ရိပုံ ဇေတိ, မုဒုနာ ဇေတိ ဒါရုဏံ;

နော န သိဒ္ဓံ မုဒု ကိဉ္စိ, တတော စ မုဒုနာ ဇယေ.

With gentleness one conquers an enemy; with gentleness one conquers the cruel. There is nothing that cannot be accomplished with gentleness; therefore, one should conquer with gentleness.

၃၅.

35.

သဇာတော ယေန ဇာတေန, ယာတိ ဝံသော သမုန္နတိံ;

ပရိဝတ္တိနိသံသာရေ, မတော ကော ဝါ န ဇာယတေ.

He is truly born by whose birth the family line is exalted. For in this revolving saṃsāra, who that has died is not born again?

၃၆.

36.

ဒါနေ [Pg.26] တပသိ သူရေ စ, ယဿ န ပတ္ထိတော ယသော;

ဝိဇ္ဇာယ မတ္ထလာဘေ စ, ကေဝလံ အဓိကောဝသော.

One for whom fame is not sought in giving, austerity, or valor, nor in knowledge and the attainment of a goal, is merely a master of themself.

၃၇.

37.

ဝရော ဧကော ဂုဏီ ပုတ္တော, န စ မူဠှသတာနျပိ;

ဧကော စန္ဒော တမော ဟနတိ, န စ တာရာဂဏော တထာ.

One virtuous son is better than even hundreds of foolish ones; one moon dispels the darkness, but a host of stars does not do so.

၃၈.

38.

ပုညတိတ္ထကတော ယေန, တပေါ ကွာပိ သုဒုက္ကရော;

တဿ ပုတ္တော ဘဝေ ဝဿော, သမိဒ္ဓေါ ဓမ္မိကော သုဒ္ဓေ.

He by whom a ford of merit has been made and a most difficult austerity practiced somewhere, his son will be obedient, prosperous, righteous, and pure.

၃၉.

39.

လာလယေ ပဉ္စဝဿာနိ, ဒသဝဿာနိ တာလယေ;

ပတ္တေတု သောဠသေ ဝဿေ, ပုတ္တံ မိတ္တံဝ အာစရေ.

One should cherish a son for five years and discipline him for ten years; but when he has reached his sixteenth year, one should treat him as a friend.

၄၀.

40.

လာလနေ [Pg.28] ဗဟဝေါ ဒေါသာ, တာလနေ ဗဟဝေါ ဂုဏာ;

တသ္မာ ပုတ္တဉ္စ သိဿဉ္စ, တာလယေ န တု လာလယေ.

In indulgence there are many faults, in discipline many virtues; therefore, one should discipline a son and a pupil, not indulge them.

၄၁.

41.

မာဂဓာ ပါကတာ စေဝ, သက္ကတဝေါဟာရောပိ စ;

ဧတေသု ကောဝိဒေါ ပညော, ဓီရော ပါဠိံ ဝိသောဓယေ.

A wise, steadfast person, skilled in Māgadhī, Prākrit, and the usage of Sanskrit, should purify the Pāli text.

၄၂.

42.

သက္ကတံ [Pg.29] ပါကတဉ္စေဝ-ပဘံသော စ ပိသာစိကီ;

မာဂဓီ သောရသေနီဝ, ဆ ဘာသာ ပရိကိတ္တိတာ.

Sanskrit, Prākrit, Apabhraṃśa, and Paiśācī, Māgadhī and Śaurasenī—these six languages are declared.

၄၃.

43.

စန္ဒနံ [Pg.30] သီတလံ လောကေ, စန္ဒိကာ သီတလာ တတော;

စန္ဒန စန္ဒိကာတောပိ, ဝါကျံ သာဓု သုဘာသိတံ.

Sandalwood is cool in the world; cooler than that is moonlight. Yet a good, well-spoken word is cooler even than sandalwood and moonlight.

၄၄.

44.

ပတ္တကာလောဒိတံ အပ္ပံ, ဝါကျံ သုဘာသိတံ ဘဝေ;

ခုဒိတဿ ကဒန္နမ္ပိ, ဘုတ္တံ သာဒုရသံ သိယာ.

A short word spoken at the proper time is a well-spoken utterance, just as even poor food, when eaten by a hungry person, becomes delicious.

၄၅.

45.

သတ္ထကာပိ [Pg.31] ဗဟူဝါစာ, နာဒရာ ဗဟုဘာဏိနော;

သောပကာရမုဒါသိနာ, နနု ဒိဋ္ဌံ နဒီဇလံ.

Even teachers may be garrulous, and those who speak much are not respected. The helpful are few and the indifferent are many—is this not seen, like the water of a river?

၄၆.

46.

ပါသာဏဆတ္တံ ဂရုကံ, တတော ဒေဝါနာစိက္ခနာ;

တတော ဝုဍ္ဎာနမောဝါဒေါ, တတော ဗုဒ္ဓဿ သာသနံ.

A stone umbrella is heavy; heavier than that is a proclamation of the devas; heavier than that is the counsel of the elders; and heavier than that is the teaching of the Buddha.

၄၇.

47.

တူလံ [Pg.32] သလ္လဟုကံ လောကေ, တတော စပလဇာတိကော;

တတောနောသာဝကော တတော, ယတိ ဓမ္မပမာဒကော.

Cotton is very light in the world; lighter than that is a fickle person; lighter still is a disobedient disciple; and even lighter is an ascetic who is heedless of the Dhamma.

၄၈.

48.

ပဏ္ဍိတဿ ပသံသာယ, ဒဏ္ဍော ဗာလေန ဒီယတေ;

ပဏ္ဍိတော ပဏ္ဍိတေနေဝ, ဝဏ္ဏိတောဝ သုဝဏ္ဏိတော.

Praise from a fool is a punishment to the wise person. A wise person, praised only by another wise person, is truly well-praised.

၄၉.

49.

သတေသု ဇာယတေ သူရော, သဟဿေသု စ ပဏ္ဍိတော;

ဝုတ္တာ သတသဟဿေသု, ဒါတာ ဘဝတိ ဝါ န ဝါ.

Among hundreds a hero is born; among thousands, a wise person; among a hundred thousand, a speaker; but a giver may or may not be found.

၅၀.

50.

ဝိဒွတ္တဉ္စ ရာဇတ္တဉ္စ, နေဝ တုလျံ ကဒါစိပိ;

သဒေသေ ပူဇိတော ရာဇာ, ဝိဒွါ သဗ္ဗတ္ထ ပူဇိတော.

Scholarship and kingship are never equal. A king is honored in his own country, but a scholar is honored everywhere.

၅၁.

51.

သတံ [Pg.34] ဒီဃာယုကံ သဗ္ဗ-သတ္တာနံ သုခကာရဏံ;

အသတံ ပန သဗ္ဗေသံ, ဒုက္ခဟေတု န သံသယော.

The long life of a virtuous person is a cause of happiness for all beings; but that of an unvirtuous person is, without doubt, a cause of suffering for all.

၅၂.

52.

ပဏ္ဍိတေ သုဇနေ သန္တေ, သဗ္ဗေပိ သုဇနာ ဇနာ;

ဇာတေကသ္မိံ သာရဂန္ဓေ, သဗ္ဗေ ဂန္ဓမယာ ဒုမာ.

When a wise, good, and peaceful person is present, all people become good people; just as when one tree with fragrant heartwood has arisen, all the trees become filled with its fragrance.

၅၃.

53.

အတ္တာဝ ယဒိ ဝိနီတော, နိဇဿိတာ မဟာဇနာ;

ဝိနီတံ ယန္တိ သဗ္ဗေပိ, ကော တံ နာသေယျ ပဏ္ဍိတော.

If oneself is well-disciplined, the great populace will rely on one. All will follow the disciplined one; what wise person would destroy him?

၅၄.

54.

သရီရဿ ဂုဏာနဉ္စ, ဒူရမစ္စန္တမန္တရံ;

သရီရံ ခဏဝိဒ္ဓံသီ, ကပ္ပန္တဋ္ဌာယိနော ဂုဏာ.

Between the body and virtues, the difference is exceedingly vast. The body is destroyed in a moment; virtues last to the end of the aeon.

၅၅.

55.

အမ္ဗုံ ပိဝန္တိ နော နဇ္ဇော, ရုက္ခော ခါဒတိ နော ဖလံ;

မေဃော ကွစိပိ နော သဿံ, ပရတ္ထာယ သတံ ဓနံ.

Rivers do not drink their own water; trees do not eat their own fruit; a cloud nowhere consumes the harvest. The wealth of the virtuous is for the benefit of others.

၅၆.

56.

သစ္စံ ပုနပိ သစ္စန္တိ, ဘုဇမုက္ခိပ္ပ မုစ္စတေ;

သကတ္ထော နတ္ထိ နတ္ထေဝ, ပရဿတ္ထ မကုဗ္ဗတော.

Truth, and again truth!—it is declared with arm upraised. There is no benefit for oneself whatsoever for one who does not act for the benefit of another.

၅၇.

57.

သတံ [Pg.37] ဖရုသဝါစာဟိ, န ယာတိ ဝိကတိံ မနော;

တိဏုက္ကာဟိ န သက္ကာဝ, တာပေတုံ သာဂရေ ဇလံ.

The mind of the virtuous is not agitated by harsh words, just as it is not possible to heat the water of the ocean with grass torches.

၅၈.

58.

သေလော ယထာ ဧကဃနော, ဝါတေန န သမီရတိ;

ဧဝံ နိန္ဒာပသံသာသု, န သမိဉ္ဇန္တိ ပဏ္ဍိတာ.

Just as a solid rock is not shaken by the wind, so the wise are not moved by blame and praise.

၅၉.

59.

ဓမ္မတ္ထကာမမောက္ခာနံ[Pg.38], ယဿေကောပိ န ဝိဇ္ဇတိ;

အဇဂလထနဿေဝ, တဿ ဇာတိ နိရတ္ထကာ.

For one in whom not even one of these—Dhamma, wealth, pleasure, or liberation—is found, their birth is useless, like the fleshy appendage on a goat's neck.

၆၀.

60.

န ကမ္မမပိ စိန္တေတွာ, စဇေ ဥယျောဂမတ္တနော;

အနုယျောဂေန တေလာနိ, တိလေဟိ န သက္ကာ လဒ္ဓုံ.

One should not abandon one's own exertion by thinking only of kamma; without effort, oil cannot be obtained from sesame seeds.

၆၁.

61.

ယထာ [Pg.39] ဟျေကေန စက္ကေန, န ရထဿ ပတိ ဘဝေ;

ဧဝံ ပုရိသကာရေန, ဝိနာ ကမ္မံ န သိဇ္ဈတိ.

Just as with a single wheel there is no movement of a chariot, so too, without human effort, destiny does not succeed.

၆၂.

62.

ဥယျာမေန ဟိ သိဇ္ဈန္တိ, ကာရိယာနိ န မနောရထံ;

န ဟိ သုတ္တဿ သီဟဿ, ပဝိသန္တိ မိဂါမုခေ.

Tasks are accomplished by effort, not by wishes; indeed, deer do not enter the mouth of a sleeping lion.

၆၃.

63.

မာတာပိတု [Pg.40] ကတာဘျာသော, ဂုဏိတမေတိ ဗာလကော;

န ဂဗ္ဘဇာတိမတ္တေန, ပုတ္တော ဘဝတိ ပဏ္ဍိတော.

A child trained by mother and father attains virtue; a son does not become wise by mere birth from the womb.

၆၄.

64.

မာတာ သတ္တု ပိတာ ဝေရီ, ယေန ဗာလော န ပါဌိတော;

န သောဘတေ သဘာမဇ္ဈေ, ဟံသမဇ္ဈေ ဗကော ယထာ.

The mother is an enemy and the father a foe by whom a child is not educated. Such a one does not shine in the midst of an assembly, like a heron in the midst of swans.

၆၅.

65.

ကာစော [Pg.41] ကဉ္စနသံသဂ္ဂေါ, ဓတ္တေ မရကတိံ ဇုတိံ;

တထာ သဗ္ဘိသန္နိဓာနာ, မူဠှော ယာတိ ပဝီဏတံ.

Glass, through association with gold, takes on the radiance of an emerald; so too, through the company of the virtuous, a fool attains proficiency.

၆၆.

66.

တသ္မာ အက္ခရကောသလ္လံ, သမ္မာဒေယျ ဟိတတ္ထိကော;

ဥပဋ္ဌဟံ ဂရုံ သမ္မာ, ဥဋ္ဌာနာဒီဟိ ပဉ္စဟိ.

Therefore, one who desires his own welfare should rightly acquire skill in letters, properly attending upon the teacher with the five duties beginning with rising.

၆၇.

67.

ဥဋ္ဌာနာ [Pg.42] ဥပဋ္ဌာနာ, စ, သုဿူသာ ပါရိစရီယာ;

သက္ကစ္စံ သိပ္ပုဂ္ဂဟဏာ, ဂရုံ အာရာဓယေ ဗုဓော.

By rising, by attending, by obedience, by personal service, and by respectfully grasping the skill, a wise person should win over the teacher.

၆၈.

68.

ကာဗျသတ္ထ [Pg.43] ဝိနောဒေန, ကာလော ဂစ္ဆတိ ဓီမတံ;

ဗျသနေန စ မူဠှာနံ, နိဒါယ ကလဟေန ဝါ.

The time of the wise passes in the enjoyment of poetry and treatises; but for the foolish, it passes in vice, sleep, or quarreling.

၆၉.

69.

ဆ ဒေါသာ ပုရိသေနေဟ, ဟာတဗ္ဗာ ဘူတိမိစ္ဆတာ;

နိဒ္ဒါတန္ဒီ ဘယံ ကောဓော, အာလသျံ ဒီဃသုတ္တတာ.

Six faults should be abandoned here by a person who desires prosperity: sleepiness, lethargy, fear, anger, idleness, and procrastination.

နိဒ္ဒါသီလီ [Pg.44] သဘာသီလီ, အနုဋ္ဌာတာ စ ယော နရော;

အလသော ကောဓပညာဏော, တံ ပရာဘဝတော မုခံ.

The person who is fond of sleep, fond of company, unenergetic, lazy, and marked by anger—that is a cause of downfall.

၇၀.

70.

နိဂ္ဂုဏေသုပိ သတ္တေသု, ဒယာ ကုဗ္ဗန္တိ သာဓဝေါ;

န ဟိ သံဟရတေ ဇုတိံ, စန္ဒော စဏ္ဍာလဝေသ္မေ.

The virtuous show compassion even toward beings devoid of good qualities; for the moon does not withhold its light from the dwelling of an outcaste.

၇၁.

71.

ယတြ [Pg.45] ဝိဒွဇ္ဇနော နတ္ထိ, သီလာဃျော တတြ အပ္ပဓိပိ;

နိရတ္ထပါဒမေ ဒေသေ, ဧရဏ္ဍောပိ ဒုမာယတေ.

Where there is no wise person, even one of little wisdom is praised; in a land devoid of trees, even a castor-oil plant is treated as a tree.

၇၂.

72.

ဌာနဘဋ္ဌာ န သောဘန္တေ, ဒန္တာ ကေသာ နခါ နရာ;

ဣတိဝိညာယ မတိမာ, သဋ္ဌာနံ န ပရိစ္စဇေ.

Teeth, hair, nails, and men do not look well when they are out of place; having understood this, a wise person should not abandon their own station.

၇၃.

73.

ပရောပဒေသေ [Pg.46] ပဏ္ဍိစ္စံ, သဗ္ဗေသံ သုကရဉှိ ခေါ;

ဓမ္မေ သယမနုဋ္ဌာနံ, ကဿစိသုမဟတ္တနော.

Cleverness in advising others is indeed easy for everyone; but to practice the Dhamma oneself is the mark of some truly great person.

၇၄.

74.

အပ္ပမာဒံ ပသံသန္တိ, ပုညကိရိယာသု ပဏ္ဍိတာ;

အပ္ပမတ္တော ဥဘော အတ္ထေ, အဓိဂ္ဂဏှာတိ ပဏ္ဍိတော.

The wise praise diligence in performing meritorious deeds; the diligent wise person secures both benefits.

၇၅.

75.

နိဓီနံဝ [Pg.47] ပဝတ္တာရံ, ယံ ပဿေ ဝဇ္ဇဒဿိနံ;

နိဂ္ဂယှဝါဒိံ မေဓာဝိံ, တာဒိသံ ပဏ္ဍိတံ ဘဇေ;

တာဒိသံ ဘဇမာနဿ, သေယျော ဟောတိ န ပါပိယော.

One should regard a wise person who points out one’s faults and speaks reprovingly as a revealer of hidden treasure. One should associate with such a sage. For one who associates with such a person, it is better, not worse.

၇၆.

76.

မုဟုတ္တမပိ [Pg.48] စေ ဝိညူ, ပဏ္ဍိတံ ပယိရုပါသတိ;

ခိပ္ပံ ဓမ္မံ ဝိဇာနာတိ, ဇိဝှာ သူပရသံ ယထာ.

If an intelligent person associates with a wise person even for a moment, he quickly understands the Dhamma, just as the tongue perceives the taste of soup.

၇၇.

77.

ဒုလ္လဘော ပုရိသာဇညော, န သော သဗ္ဗတ္ထ ဇာယတိ;

ယတ္ထ သော ဇာယတီ ဓီရော, တံ ကုလံ သုခ မေဓတိ.

A thoroughbred of a man is rare; he is not born everywhere. Wherever that wise one is born, that family prospers happily.

၇၈.

78.

တဂရဉ္စ [Pg.49] ပလာသေန, ယော နရော ဥပနယှတိ;

ပတ္တာပိ သုရတိ ဝါယန္တိ, ဧဝံ ဓီရူပသေဝနာ.

If a person wraps tagara powder in a palāsa leaf, the leaves themselves will emit a fragrance; such is association with the wise.

၇၉.

79.

နိပုဏေ သုတမေသေယျ, ဝိစိနိတွာ သုတတ္ထိကော;

ဘတ္တံ ဥက္ခလိယံ ပက္ကံ, ဘာဇနေပိ တထာ ဘဝေ.

One who seeks the meaning of what is heard should skillfully investigate it; just as rice cooked in a pot should then be in the bowl, so should be what is heard.

၈၀.

80.

အပ္ပကံ [Pg.50] နာတိမညေယျ, စိတ္တေ သုတံ နိဓာပယေ;

ဝမ္မိကောဒကဗိန္ဒူဝ, စိရေန ပရိပူရတိ.

One should not disdain even a little of what is heard, but should deposit it in the mind; like an anthill, by gradual accumulation it becomes full in due course.

၈၁.

81.

ဂစ္ဆံ [Pg.51] ကိပိလ္လိကော ယာတိ, ယောဇနာနံ သတာနိပိ;

အဂစ္ဆံ ဝေနယျောအပိ, ပဒမေကံ န ဂစ္ဆတိ.

The ant, by going, travels even hundreds of leagues; but Vainateya, by not going, does not move a single step.

၈၂.

82.

သေလေ သေလေ န မဏိကံ, ဂဇေ ဂဇေ န မုတ္တိကံ;

ဝနေ ဝနေ န စန္ဒနံ, ဌာနေ ဌာနေ န ပဏ္ဍိတော.

Not on every mountain is there a gem; not on every elephant, a pearl; not in every forest, sandalwood; not in every place, a wise person.

၈၃.

83.

ပဏ္ဍိတော [Pg.52] သုတသမ္ပန္နော, ယတ္ထ အတ္ထီတိ စေ သုတော;

မဟုဿာဟေန တံ ဌာနံ, ဂန္တဗ္ဗံဝ သုတေသိနာ.

If one seeking learning should hear, 'There is a wise person endowed with learning,' one should go to that place with great effort.

၈၄.

84.

ပေါတ္ထကေသု စ ယံ သိပ္ပံ, ပရဟတ္ထေသု ယံ ဓနံ;

ယထာကိစ္စေ သမုပ္ပန္နေ, န တံ သိပ္ပံ န တံ ဓနံ.

A skill that is only in books and wealth that is in the hands of others: when a need arises, that is not a real skill, nor is that real wealth.

၈၅.

85.

ဥပ္ပလေန [Pg.53] ဇလံ ဇညာ, ကိရိယာယ ကုလံ နရော;

ဗျတ္တိပ္ပမာဏ ဝါစာယ, ဇညာ တိဏေန မေဒနိံ.

One may know the water by the lotus, and a family's lineage by a person's conduct. By speech one may know their intelligence, and by the grass one may know the soil.

ဇလပ္ပမာဏံ ကုမုဒမာလံ,ကုလပ္ပမာဏံ ဝိနယောပမာဏံ;

ဗျတ္တိပ္ပမာဏံ ကထိတဝါကျံ,ပထဝိယာ ပမာဏံ တိဏမိလာတံ –

A garland of water lilies is the measure of the water; discipline is the measure of a family; spoken words are the measure of intelligence; and withered grass is the measure of the earth.

၈၆.

86.

အပ္ပဿုတော [Pg.54] သုတံ အပ္ပံ, ဗဟုံ မညတိ မာနဝါ;

သိန္ဓုဒကမပဿန္တော, ကူပေ တောယံဝ မဏ္ဍုကော.

A person of little learning, out of conceit, considers that little learning to be much, like a frog in a well that has never seen the water of the ocean.

၈၇.

87.

ပဌမေ သိပ္ပံ ဂဏှေယျ, ဧသေယျ ဒုတိယေ ဓနံ;

စရေယျ တတိယေ ဓမ္မံ, ဧသာ ဇနာန ဓမ္မတာ.

In the first stage of life one should acquire a skill; in the second, one should seek wealth; in the third, one should practice the Dhamma. This is the natural way for people.

၈၈.

88.

သုဿူသာ [Pg.55] သုတ္တဝဒ္ဓနီ, သုတံ ပညာယ ဝဒ္ဓနံ;

ပညာယ အတ္ထံ ဇာနာတိ, အတ္ထော ဉာတော သုခါဝဟော.

The desire to listen increases learning; learning increases wisdom. Through wisdom one knows the meaning, and the meaning, once known, brings happiness.

၈၉.

89.

နတ္ထိ [Pg.56] ဝိဇ္ဇာသမံ မိတ္တံ, န စ ဗျာဓိသမော ရိပု;

န စ အတ္ထသမံ ပေမံ, န စ ကမ္မသမံ ဗလံ.

There is no friend equal to knowledge, no enemy equal to disease; no love equal to love for oneself, and no power equal to the power of kamma.

၉၀.

90.

ဝိနာ သတ္ထံ န ဂစ္ဆေယျ, သူရော သင်္ဂါမဘူမိယံ;

ပဏ္ဍိတွဒ္ဓဂူ ဝါဏိဇော, ဝိဒေသဂမနော တထာ.

A hero should not go to the battlefield without a weapon; nor should a wise man, a traveler, or a merchant go to a foreign land unprepared.

၉၁.

91.

ဓနနာသံ [Pg.57] မနောတာပံ, ဃရေ ဒုစ္စရိတာနိ စ;

ဝဉ္စနဉ္စ အဝမာနံ, ပဏ္ဍိတော န ပကာသယေ.

A wise person should not disclose the loss of wealth, mental anguish, misconduct in his own home, or that he has been deceived or humiliated.

၉၂.

92.

အနဝှာယံ ဂမယန္တော, အပုစ္ဆာ ဗဟုဘာသကော;

အတ္တဂုဏံ ပကာသန္တော, တိဝိဓော ဟီနပုဂ္ဂလော.

One who goes uninvited, one who speaks much without being asked, and one who proclaims his own good qualities: these are the three kinds of inferior persons.

၉၃.

93.

ဟံသော [Pg.58] မဇ္ဈေ န ကာကာနံ, သီဟော ဂုန္နံ န သောဘတေ;

ဂဒြဘမဇ္ဈေ တုရင်္ဂေါ, ဗာလမဇ္ဈေဝ ပဏ္ဍိတော.

A swan does not shine among crows, a lion does not look well among cattle; nor a steed among donkeys, nor a wise person among fools.

၉၄.

94.

ပတ္တာနုရူပကံ ဝါကျံ, သဘာဝါနုရူပံ ပိယံ;

အတ္တာနုရူပကံ ကောဓံ, ယော ဇာနာတိ သ ပဏ္ဍိတော.

He who knows speech appropriate to the listener, affection appropriate to his own nature, and anger appropriate to his own capacity—he is a wise person.

၉၅.

95.

အပ္ပရူပေါ [Pg.59] ဗဟုံဘာသော, အပ္ပပညော ပကာသကော;

အပ္ပပူရော ဃဋော ခေါဘေ, အပ္ပခီရာ ဂါဝီ စလေ.

An insignificant person talks a lot; a person of little wisdom boasts. A half-full pot makes much noise; a cow with little milk is restless.

၉၆.

96.

န တိတ္တိ ရာဇာ ဓနမှိ, ပဏ္ဍိတောပိ သုဘာသိတေ;

စက္ခုပိ ပိယဒဿနေ, န တိတ္တိ သာဂရော ဇလေ.

A king is not satisfied with wealth, nor a wise person with well-spoken words; the eye is not satisfied with seeing what is dear, nor the ocean with water.

၉၇.

97.

ဟီနပုတ္တော [Pg.60] ရာဇမစ္စော, ဗာလပုတ္တော စ ပဏ္ဍိတော;

အဓနဿ ဓနံဗဟု, ပုရိသာနံ န မညထ.

A king's minister may be the son of a humble man; a wise man may be the son of a fool; much wealth may come to one who was poor. Therefore, one should not look down on men.

၉၈.

98.

ယော [Pg.61] သိဿော သိပ္ပလောဘေန, ဗဟုံ ဂဏှာတိ တံ သိပ္ပံ;

မူဂေါဝ သုပိနံ ပဿံ, ကထေတုမ္ပိ န ဥဿဟေ.

The student who, out of greed for skill, acquires that skill in excess, is like a mute person who has seen a dream but is unable even to describe it.

၉၉.

99.

န ဘိဇ္ဇေတုံ ကုမ္ဘကာရော, သောဘေတုံ ကုမ္ဘ ဃဋတိ;

န ခိပိတုံ အပါယေသု, သိဿာနံ ဝုဍ္ဎိကာရဏာ.

A potter strives to beautify a pot, not to break it. Similarly, a teacher disciplines his students for the sake of their growth, not to cast them into states of woe.

၁၀၀.

100.

အဓနဿ [Pg.62] ရသံခါဒေါ, အဗလဿ ဟတော နရော;

အပ္ပညဿ ဝါကျကရော, ဥမ္မတ္တက သမာဟိခေါ.

For a poor person, a taste for delicacies is a torment; for a weak person, a powerful man is a threat. One who follows the words of a fool is indeed like a madman.

၁၀၁.

101.

ဧကေနာပိ သုရုက္ခေန, ပုပ္ဖိတေန သုဂန္ဓိနာ;

ဝါသိတံ ကာနနံ သဗ္ဗံ, သုပုတ္တေန ကုလံ ယထာ.

By a single fine tree, flowering and fragrant, the entire forest is perfumed; just so is a family by a good son.

၁၀၂.

102.

ဣဏကတ္တာ [Pg.63] ပိတာ သတ္တု, မာတာ စ ဗျဘိစာရိနီ;

ဘရိယာ ရူပဝတီ သတ္တု, ပုတ္တော သတ္တု အပဏ္ဍိတော.

A father in debt is an enemy, and an unchaste mother is an enemy; a beautiful wife is an enemy, and an unwise son is an enemy.

၁၀၃.

103.

ဂုဏဒေါသမသတ္ထညူ, ဇနော ဝိဘဇတေ ကထံ;

အဓိကာရော ကိမန္ဓဿ, ရူပဘေဒေါပလဒ္ဓိယံ.

How can a person who does not know the treatises on virtues and faults distinguish between them? What ability has a blind person to perceive the differences between forms?

၁၀၄.

104.

သဗ္ဗတ္ထ [Pg.64] သတ္ထတောယေဝ, ဂုဏဒေါသဝိစေစနံ;

ယံ ကရောတိ ဝိနာသတ္ထံ, သာဟသံ ကိမတောဓိကံ.

In all matters, the discernment of virtues and faults is from the treatises. What could be more reckless than to act without the treatises?

၁၀၅.

105.

နိဟီယတိ [Pg.65] ပုရိသော နိဟီနသေဝီ,န စ ဟာယေထ ကဒါစိ တုလျသေဝီ;

သေဋ္ဌမုပနမံ ဥဒေတိ ခိပ္ပံ,တသ္မာ အတ္တနော ဥတ္တရိံ ဘဇေ.

A person who associates with the inferior declines; he would never decline by associating with an equal. By approaching the superior one rises up quickly; therefore one should associate with those superior to oneself.

၁၀၆.

106.

ပစ္စုပ္ပန္နဉ္စ [Pg.66] ယော ဓမ္မံ, တတ္ထ တတ္ထ ဝိပဿတိ;

အသံဟီရံ အသံကုပ္ပံ, တံ ဝိဒွါ မနုဗြူဟယေ.

Whoever has insight into a present state, right where it is, should cultivate that state, knowing it to be unassailable and unshakable.

၁၀၇.

107.

ဆန္ဒာ ဒေါသာ ဘယာ မောဟာ, ယော ဓမ္မံ နာတိဝတ္တတိ;

အာပူရတိ တဿ ယသော, သုက္ကပက္ခေဝ စန္ဒိမာ.

Whoever does not transgress the Dhamma out of desire, hatred, fear, or delusion, his fame increases like the moon in the bright fortnight.

၁၀၈.

108.

ပဏ္ဍိတော [Pg.67] သီလသမ္ပန္နော, သဏှော စ ပဋိဘာနဝါ;

နိဝါတဝုတ္တိ အထဒ္ဓေါ, တာဒိသော လဘတေ ယသံ.

The wise person who is endowed with virtue, gentle and eloquent, humble in manner and not stubborn—such a one obtains fame.

၁၀၉.

109.

ဒုလ္လဘံ [Pg.68] ပါကတိကံ ဝါကျံ, ဒုလ္လဘော ခေမကရော သုတော;

ဒုလ္လဘာ သဒိသီ ဇာယာ, ဒုလ္လဘော သဇနော ပိယော.

Rare is a natural utterance, rare is a son who brings security; rare is a wife who is of a similar mind, rare is a dear kinsman.

၁၁၀.

110.

အတ္ထံ မဟန္တမာပဇ္ဇ, ဝိဇ္ဇံ သမ္ပတ္တိမေဝ စ;

စရေယျာမာနထဒ္ဓေါ ယော, ပဏ္ဍိတော သော ပဝုစ္စတိ.

He who attains a great goal, knowledge, and success, yet conducts himself without conceit or stubbornness—he is called a wise person.

၁၁၁.

111.

သုတသန္နိစ္စယာ [Pg.69] ဓီရာ, တုဏှီဘူတာ အပုစ္ဆိတာ;

ပုဏ္ဏာသုဘာသိတေနာပိ, ဃဏ္ဋာဒီ ဃဋ္ဋိတာ ယထာ.

The wise, having accumulated learning, are silent when unasked; though full of well-spoken words, they are like a bell that sounds only when struck.

၁၁၂.

112.

အပုဋ္ဌော ပဏ္ဍိတော ဘေရီ, ပဇ္ဇုန္နော ဟောတိ ပုစ္ဆိတော;

ဗာလော ပုဋ္ဌော အပုဋ္ဌော စ, ဗဟုံ ဝိကတ္ထတေ သဒါ.

When unasked, a wise person is like a drum; when asked, he thunders like a rain cloud. But a fool, whether asked or unasked, always boasts a great deal.

၁၁၃.

113.

ပရူပဝါဒေ [Pg.70] ဗဓိရော, ပရဝဇ္ဇေ အလောစနော;

ပင်္ဂုလော အညနာရီသု, ဒုဿတက္ကေ အစေတနော.

He is deaf to the criticism of others, blind to others' faults; lame in regard to other women, and senseless concerning wicked plots.

စက္ခုမာဿ ယထာ အန္ဓော, သောတဝါ ဗဓိရော ယထာ;

ပညဝါဿ ယထာမူဂေါ, ဗလဝါ ဒုဗ္ဗလောရိဝ;

အထ အတ္ထေ သမုပ္ပန္နေ, သယေထ မတသာယိတံ.

Though having eyes, one should be as if blind; though having ears, as if deaf; though having wisdom, as if mute; though strong, as if a weakling. Then, when a matter arises, one should lie as if dead.

၁၁၄.

114.

ပါပမိတ္တေ [Pg.71] ဝိဝဇ္ဇေတွာ, ဘဇေယျုတ္တမပုဂ္ဂလံ;

ဩဝါဒေ စဿ တိဋ္ဌေယျ, ပတ္ထေန္တော အစလံ သုခံ.

Having avoided bad friends, one should associate with the best of persons. Aspiring to unshakable happiness, one should stand by their advice.

၁၁၅.

115.

အတိသီတံ အတိဥဏှံ, အတိသာယမိဒံ အဟု;

ဣတိ ဝိဿဋ္ဌကမ္မန္တေ, အတ္ထာ အစ္စေန္တိ မာဏဝေ.

'It is too cold, it is too hot, it is too late in the evening'—thus men neglect their work, and opportunities pass them by.

၁၁၆.

116.

ယော [Pg.72] စ သီတဉ္စ ဥဏှဉ္စ, တိဏာဘိယျော န မညတိ;

ကရံ ပုရိသကိစ္စာနိ, သော သုခံ န ဝိဟာယတိ.

But he who regards cold and heat as no more than a blade of grass, and performs his manly duties, does not fall away from happiness.

၁၁၇.

117.

ယသ္မိံဒေသေ [Pg.73] န သမ္မာနော, န ပိယော န စ ဗန္ဓဝေါ;

န စ ဝိဇ္ဇာဂမော ကောစိ, န တတ္ထ ဒိဝသံ ဝသေ.

In a country where there is no respect, no affection, and no kinsmen, and where there is no acquisition of knowledge, one should not stay there even for a day.

၁၁၈.

118.

ဓနဝါ သုတဝါ ရာဇာ, နဒီ ဝဇ္ဇော ဣမေ ပဉ္စ;

ယတ္ထ ဒေသေ န ဝိဇ္ဇန္တိ, န တတ္ထ ဒိဝသံ ဝသေ.

A rich man, a learned man, a king, a river, and a physician: where these five are not to be found, one should not live in that country for even a day.

၁၁၉.

119.

နဘဿ [Pg.74] ဘူသနံ စန္ဒော, နာရီနံ ဘူသနံ ပတိ;

ဆမာယ ဘူသနံ ရာဇာ, ဝိဇ္ဇာ သဗ္ဗဿ ဘူသနံ.

The moon is the ornament of the sky; a husband is the ornament of a woman. The king is the ornament of the earth; knowledge is the ornament of all.

၁၂၀.

120.

သုခတ္ထိကော သစေ ဝိဇ္ဇံ, ဝိဇ္ဇတ္ထိကော စဇေ သုခံ;

သုခတ္ထိနော ကုတော ဝိဇ္ဇာ, ကုတော ဝိဇ္ဇတ္ထိနော သုခံ.

If one seeks comfort, one should give up learning; if one seeks learning, one should give up comfort. For one who seeks comfort, how can there be learning? For one who seeks learning, how can there be comfort?

၁၂၁.

121.

ခဏေန [Pg.75] ကဏေန စေဝ, ဝိဇ္ဇာမတ္ထဉ္စ သာဓယေ;

ခဏစာဂေ ကုတော ဝိဇ္ဇာ, ကဏစာဂေ ကတော ဓနံ.

One should acquire knowledge and wealth moment by moment, bit by bit. If one wastes moments, how can there be knowledge? If one wastes bits, how can there be wealth?

၁၂၂.

122.

အာစရိယာ ပါဒမာဒတ္တေ, ပါဒံ သိဿော သဇာနနာ;

ပါဒံ သဗြဟ္မစာရီဟိ, ပါဒံ ကာလက္ကမေန စ.

One learns a quarter from the teacher, a quarter by one's own intelligence, a quarter from one's fellow students, and a quarter in the course of time.

၁၂၃.

123.

ဓမ္မော [Pg.76] ဇယေ နော အဓမ္မော, သစ္စံ ဇယတိ နာသစ္စံ;

ခမာ ဇယတိ နော ကောဓော, ဒေဝေါ ဇယတိ နာသူရော.

Dhamma conquers, not non-Dhamma; truth conquers, not falsehood. Forbearance conquers, not anger; the devas conquer, not the asuras.

၁၂၄.

124.

ဟတ္ထဿ ဘူသနံ ဒါနံ, သစ္စံ ကဏ္ဌဿ ဘူသနံ;

သောတဿ ဘူသနံ သတ္ထံ, ဘူသနေ ကိံ ပယောဇနံ.

Giving is the ornament of the hand; truth is the ornament of the throat. Learning is the ornament of the ear; what is the use of other ornaments?

၁၂၅.

125.

ဝိဒေသေတု [Pg.77] ဓနံ ဝိဇ္ဇာ, ဗျသနေသု ဓနံ မတိ;

ပရလောကေ ဓနံ ဓမ္မော, သီလံ သဗ္ဗတ္ထ ဝေ ဓနံ.

In foreign lands, knowledge is wealth; in times of adversity, intelligence is wealth. In the next world, Dhamma is wealth; but virtue is wealth everywhere.

၁၂၆.

126.

ပဒေါသေ [Pg.78] ဒီပကော စန္ဒော, ပဘာတေ ဒီပကော ရဝိ;

တိလောကေ ဒီပကော ဓမ္မော, သုပုတ္တော ကုလဒီပကော.

At night the moon is the lamp; in the daytime the sun is the lamp. In the three worlds the Dhamma is the lamp; a good son is the lamp of the family.

၁၂၇.

127.

ဝိဒွါ ဧဝ ဝိဇာနာတိ, ဝိဒွဇ္ဇနပရိဿမံ;

န ဟိ ဝဉ္ဈာ ဝိဇာနာတိ, ဂုရုံ ပသဝဝေဒနံ.

Only a learned person knows the toil of another learned person; a barren woman does not know the severe pain of childbirth.

၁၂၈.

128.

ယဿ [Pg.79] နတ္ထိ သယံ ပညာ, သတ္ထံ တဿ ကရောတိ ကိံ;

လောစနေဟိ ဝိဟီနဿ, ဒပ္ပဏော ကိံ ကရိဿတိ.

For one who has no wisdom of his own, what can a scripture do? For a person who is deprived of his eyes, what will a mirror do?

၁၂၉.

129.

ကိံ ကရိဿန္တိ ဝတ္တာရော, သောတံ ယတ္ထ န ဝိဇ္ဇတေ;

နဂ္ဂကပဏကေ ဒေသေ, ရဇကော ကိံ ကရိဿတိ.

What can speakers do where no listener is to be found? What can a dyer do in a country of naked ascetics?

၁၃၀.

130.

မူဠှသိဓဿာပဒေသေန, [Pg.80] ကုနာရီဘရဏေန စ;

ခလသတ္တူဟိ သံယောဂါ, ပဏ္ဍိတောပျာဝသီဒတိ.

Even a wise man may come to ruin through a false accusation of folly, by supporting a bad wife, and from association with wicked enemies.

၁၃၁.

131.

နတ္ထိ အတ္တသမံ ပေမံ, နတ္ထိ ဓညသမံ ဓနံ;

နတ္ထိ ပညာသမာ အာဘာ, ဝုဋ္ဌိ ဝေ ပရမာ သရာ.

There is no love equal to love for oneself, no wealth equal to grain, no light equal to wisdom; rain is the best of liquids.

၁၃၂.

132.

ဘုဇင်္ဂမံ [Pg.81] ပါဝကဉ္စ ခတ္တိယဉ္စ ယသဿိနံ;

ဘိက္ခုဉ္စ သီလသမ္ပန္နံ, သမ္မဒေဝ သမာစရေ.

One should always treat rightly a snake, fire, a glorious noble, and a bhikkhu accomplished in virtue.

၁၃၃.

133.

တသ္မာ ဟိ ပဏ္ဍိတော ပေါသော, သမ္ပဿံ အတ္ထမတ္တနော;

ဗုဒ္ဓေ ဓမ္မေ စ သံဃေ စ, ဓီရော သဒ္ဓံ နိဝေသယေ.

Therefore a wise person, seeing his own welfare, should establish faith in the Buddha, the Dhamma, and the Sangha.

၁၃၄.

134.

ဂုဏော [Pg.82] သေဋ္ဌင်္ဂတံ ယာတိ, န ဥစ္စေ သယနေ ဝသေ;

ပါသာဒသိခရေ ဝါသော, ကာကော ကိံ ဂရုဠော သိယာ.

Virtue attains the highest state, not by dwelling on a lofty couch. By living on a palace peak, how could a crow become a garuḍa?

၁၃၅.

135.

အနာဂတံ ဘယံ ဒိသွာ, ဒူရတော ပရိဝဇ္ဇယေ;

အာဂတဉ္စ ဘယံ ဒိသွာ, အဘီတော ဟောတိ ပဏ္ဍိတော.

Seeing a future danger, one should avoid it from afar; seeing a danger that has come, the wise person remains fearless.

၁၃၆.

136.

အသဇ္ဇာယ မလာမန္တာ, အနုဋ္ဌာနမလာ ဃရာ;

မလံ ဝဏ္ဏဿ ကောသဇ္ဇံ, ပမာဒေါ ရက္ခတော မလံ.

Non-recitation is the stain of sacred texts, non-exertion is the stain of households, laziness is the stain of beauty, and heedlessness is the stain of a guardian.

၁၃၇.

137.

အနုပုဗ္ဗေန [Pg.83] မေဓာဝီ, ထောကံ ထောကံ ခဏေ ခဏေ;

ကမ္မာရော ရဇတဿေဝ, နိဒ္ဓမေ မလမတ္တနော.

Gradually, little by little, moment by moment, the wise person should remove his own stain, as a smith removes the dross from silver.

၁၃၈.

138.

ယဉှိ [Pg.84] ကယိရာ တဉှိ ဝဒေ, ယံ န ကယိရာ န တံ ဝဒေ;

အကရောန္တံ ဘာသမာနံ, ပရိဇာနန္တိ ပဏ္ဍိတာ.

What one does, that one should say; what one does not do, that one should not say. The wise recognize the one who speaks but does not do.

၁၃၉.

139.

ဝိသမံ သဘယံ အတိဝါတော, ပဋိစ္ဆန္နံ ဒေဝနိဿိတံ;

ပန္ထော စ သင်္ဂါမော တိတ္ထံ, အဋ္ဌေတေ ပရိဝဇ္ဇိယာ.

Uneven ground, a place of fear, excessive wind, a concealed place, a place inhabited by a deity, a path, a battle, and a ford—these eight should be avoided.

၁၄၀.

140.

ရတ္တောဒုဋ္ဌော [Pg.85] စ မုဠှော စ, မာနီ လုဒ္ဓေါ တထာလသော;

ဧကစိန္တီ စ ဗာလော စ, ဧတေ အတ္ထဝိနာသကာ.

The lustful, the hateful, and the deluded; the conceited, the greedy, and the lazy; the stubborn and the fool—these are destroyers of one's welfare.

၁၄၁.

141.

ရတ္တော ဒုဋ္ဌော စ မူဠှော စ, ဘီရု အာမိသဂရုကော;

ဣတ္ထီ သောဏ္ဍော ပဏ္ဍကော စ, နဝမော ဒါရကောပိ စ.

The lustful, the malicious, and the deluded; the fearful and the one greedy for gain; a woman, a drunkard, and a eunuch; and the ninth is a child.

၁၄၂.

142.

နဝတေ ပုဂ္ဂလာ လောကေ, ဣတ္တရာ စလိတာ စလာ;

ဧတေဟိ မန္တိတံ ဂုယှံ, ခိပ္ပံ ဘဝတိ ပါကဋံ.

These nine persons in the world are fickle, agitated, and unsteady. A secret confided to them quickly becomes public.

၁၄၃.

143.

ယော [Pg.86] နိရုတ္တိံ န သိက္ခေယျ, သိက္ခန္တော ပိဋကတ္တယံ;

ပဒေ ပဒေ ဝိကင်္ခေယျ, ဝနေ အန္ဓဂဇော ယထာ.

One who does not learn grammar while studying the Tipiṭaka would be doubtful at every step, like a blind elephant in the forest.

၁၄၄.

144.

သုတ္တံ [Pg.87] ဓာတု ဂဏောဏွာဒိ, နာမလိင်္ဂါနုသာသနံ;

ယဿ တိဋ္ဌတိ ဇိဝှဂ္ဂေ, သဗျာကရဏကေသရီ.

The grammatical aphorisms, the verbal roots, the verb classes and uṇādi suffixes, the rules of nouns and gender—he on the tip of whose tongue these rest is a lion of grammar.

၁၄၅.

145.

သဒ္ဒတ္ထလက္ခဏေ ဘေဒီ, ယော ယော နိစ္ဆိတလက္ခဏေ;

သော သော ဉာတုမကိစ္ဆေန, ပဟောတိ ပိဋကတ္တယေ.

Whoever discerns the characteristics of words and their meanings, and has ascertained their features, can with little difficulty become proficient in the Tipiṭaka.

၁၄၆.

146.

ယော [Pg.88] သဒ္ဒသတ္ထကုသလော ကုသလော နိဃဏ္ဍု,ဆန္ဒော အလင်္ကတိသု နိစ္စကတာဘိယောဂေါ;

သော ယံ ကဝိတ္တဝိကလောပိ ကဝီသု သင်္ချံ,မောဂ္ဂယှ ဝိန္ဒတိ ဟိ ကိတ္တိ’ မမန္ဒရူပံ.

He who is skilled in the science of words and expert in lexicons, constantly engaged in prosody and figures of speech—even if deficient in poetic ability, he is counted among the poets and attains widespread fame.

၁၄၇.

147.

သုက္ခောပိ [Pg.89] စန္ဒနတရု န ဇဟာတိ ဂန္ဓံ,နာဂေါ ဂတော နရမုခေ န ဇဟာတိ လီဠံ;

ယန္တဂတော မဓုရသံ န ဇဟာတိ ဥစ္ဆု,ဒုက္ခောပိ ပဏ္ဍိတဇနော န ဇဟာတိ ဓမ္မံ.

The sandalwood tree, though dry, does not give up its fragrance; the elephant, though facing death, does not abandon its graceful bearing; the sugarcane, though put in a press, does not give up its sweetness; the wise person, though in distress, does not abandon the Dhamma.

၁၄၈.

148.

ဓနဓညပ္ပယောဂေသု, တထာ ဝိဇ္ဇာဂမေသု စ;

အာဟာရေ ဗျဝဟာရေ စ, စတ္တလဇ္ဇော သဒါ ဘဝေ.

In the use of wealth and grain, and likewise in the acquisition of knowledge, and in matters of food and business, one should always be without shame.

၁၄၉.

149.

သာဘာဝိကီ [Pg.90] စ ပဋိဘာ, သုတဉ္စ ဗဟုနိမ္မလံ;

အမန္ဒော စာဘိယောဂေါယံ, ဟေတု ဟောတိဟ ဗန္ဓနေ.

Natural intelligence and wit, much immaculate learning, and diligent application—this is the cause here for poetic composition.

၁၅၀.

150.

ဇဟေယျ [Pg.91] ပါပကေ မိတ္တေ, ဘဇေယျ ပဏ္ဍိတေ ဇနေ;

သာဓဝေါ အဘိသေဝေယျ, သုဏေယျ ဓမ္မမုတ္တမံ.

One should abandon evil friends and associate with wise people; one should attend upon the virtuous and listen to the sublime Dhamma.

၁၅၁.

151.

ကလျာဏကာရီ ကလျာဏံ, ပါပကာရီ စ ပါပကံ;

ယာဒိသံ ဝပ္ပတေ ဗီဇံ, တာဒိသံ ဟရတေ ဖလံ.

The doer of good reaps good, and the doer of evil reaps evil. Just as is the seed that is sown, so is the fruit that one reaps.

၁၅၂.

152.

ဆန္ဒော [Pg.92] နိဒါနံ ဂါထာနံ, အက္ခရာ တာသံ ဝိယဉ္ဇနံ;

နာမသန္နိဿိတာ ဂါထာ, ကဝိ ဂါထာနမာသယော.

Meter is the source of verses, letters are their expression; verses are dependent on words, the poet is the repository of verses.

၁၅၃.

153.

တသ္မာ [Pg.93] ဟိ ပဏ္ဍိတော ပေါသော, သမ္ပဿံ ဟိတမတ္တနော;

ပညဝန္တံဘိပူဇေယျ, စေတိယံ ဝိယ သာဒရော.

Therefore a wise person, seeing his own welfare, should respectfully revere one endowed with wisdom, as one would a shrine.

၁၅၄.

154.

ဓီရံ ပဿေ သုဏေ ဓီရံ, ဓီရေန သဟသံဝသေ;

ဓီရေနလ္လာပသလ္လာပံ, တံ ကရေ တဉ္စ ရောစယေ.

One should see the wise, listen to the wise, and live together with the wise. One should engage in friendly conversation with the wise; one should do as they do and approve of it.

၁၅၅.

155.

နယံ [Pg.94] နယတိ မေဓာဝီ, အဓုရာယံ န ယုဉ္ဇတိ;

သုနယော သေယျသော ဟောတိ, သမ္မာ ဝုတ္တော န ကုပ္ပတိ;

ဝိနယံ သော ပဇာနာတိ, သာဓု တေန သမာဂမော.

The wise person leads with prudence and does not engage with the unruly. A person of good conduct is superior; when spoken to rightly, he does not become angry. He understands discipline; association with such a one is good.

၁၅၆.

156.

သစေ လဘေထ နိပကံ သဟာယံ,သဒ္ဓိံ စရံ သာဓုဝိဟာရိ ဓီရံ;

အဘိဘုယျ သဗ္ဗာနိ ပရိဿယာနိ,စရေယျ တေနတ္တမနော သတိမာ.

If one should find a prudent companion, a steadfast and virtuous fellow traveler, one should walk with him, gratified and mindful, having overcome all dangers.

၁၅၇.

157.

နော [Pg.95] စေ လဘေထ နိပကံ သဟာယံ,သဒ္ဓိံ စရံ သာဓုဝိဟာရိ ဓီရံ;

ရာဇာဝ ရဋ္ဌံ ဝိဇိတံ ပဟာယ,ဧကော စရေ မာတင်္ဂရညေဝ နာဂေါ.

If one should not find a prudent companion, a steadfast and virtuous fellow traveler, then like a king who has abandoned his conquered kingdom, one should wander alone like an elephant in the elephant forest.

၁၅၈.

158.

သောကဋ္ဌာနသဟဿာနိ[Pg.96], ဘယဋ္ဌာနသတာနိ စ;

ဒိဝသေ ဒိဝသေ မူဠှ-မာဝိသန္တိ န ပဏ္ဍိတံ.

Thousands of occasions for sorrow and hundreds of occasions for fear assail the fool day by day, but not the wise person.

၁၅၉.

159.

ဇလဗိန္ဒုနိပါတေန, စိရေန ပူရတေ ဃဋော;

တထာ သကလဝိဇ္ဇာနံ, ဓမ္မဿ စ ဓနဿ စ.

By the falling of water drops, a pot is gradually filled; so it is with the accumulation of all knowledge, of the Dhamma, and of wealth.

၁၆၀.

160.

ပဏ္ဍိတာ [Pg.97] ဒုက္ခံ ပတွာန, န ဘဝန္တိ ဝိသာဒိနော;

ပဝိဿ ရာဟုနော မုခံ, ကိံ နော ဒေတိ ပုန သသီ.

The wise, having encountered suffering, do not become despondent. Having entered the mouth of Rāhu, does the moon not emerge again?

၁၆၁.

161.

ဇဝေန အဿံ ဇာနန္တိ, ဝါဟေန စ ဗလိဗဒ္ဓံ;

ဒုဟေန ဓေနုံ ဇာနန္တိ, ဘာသမာနေန ပဏ္ဍိတံ.

One knows a horse by its speed, a draught ox by what it carries, a milk-cow by its milking, and a wise person by their speech.

၁၆၂.

162.

မနသာ [Pg.98] စိန္တိတံ ကမ္မံ, ဝစသာ န ပကာသယေ;

အညလက္ခိတကာရိယဿ, ယတော သိဒ္ဓိ န ဇာယတေ.

A deed conceived in the mind one should not reveal by speech, for when one's task is perceived by another, success is not achieved.

၁၆၃.

163.

အနဘျာသေ ဝိသံ ဝိဇ္ဇာ, အဇိဏ္ဏေ ဘောဇနံ ဝိသံ;

ဝိသံ သဘာ ဒလိဒ္ဒဿ, ဝုဒ္ဓဿ တရုဏီ ဝိသံ.

Knowledge without practice is poison; food during indigestion is poison; an assembly is poison for the poor; a young woman is poison for an old man.

စတ္တာရော ပဉ္စ အာလောပေ, အာဘုတွာ ဥဒကံ ပိဝေ;

အလံ ဖာသုဝိဟာရာယ, ပဟိတတ္တဿ ဘိက္ခုနော.

Having eaten four or five morsels, one should drink water; this is sufficient for the comfortable abiding of a resolute bhikkhu.

၁၆၄.

164.

ယဿ ဧသော ပသုတောပိ, ဂုဏဝါ ပုဇ္ဇတေ နရော;

ဓနု ဝံသဝိသုဒ္ဓေါပိ, နိဂ္ဂုဏော ကိံ ကရိဿတိ.

A virtuous man is honored even if of low birth; what can a virtueless man accomplish, even if of pure lineage?

၁၆၅.

165.

ဣဿီ [Pg.100] ဒယီ အသံတုဋ္ဌော, ကောဓနော နိစ္စသင်္ကီတော;

ပရဘာဂျောပဇီဝီ စ, ဆဠေတေ ဒုက္ခဘာဂိနော.

The envious, the ungenerous, the discontented, the angry, the ever-suspicious, and one who lives off the fortune of another—these six are partakers in suffering.

၁၆၆.

166.

သုမဟန္တာနိ သတ္တာနီ, ဓာရယန္တာ ဗဟုဿုတာ;

ဆေတ္တာရော သံသယာနဉ္စ, ကလိံ ယန္တိ လောဘမောဟိတာ.

Even very great beings, the very learned who uphold the teachings and are cutters of doubts, go to strife when they are bewildered by greed.

၁၆၇.

167.

နဒီတီရေ [Pg.101] ခတေ ကူပေ, အရဏီတာလဝဏ္ဋကေ;

န ဝဒေ ဒကာဒီ နတ္ထီတိ, မုခေ စ ဝစနံ တထာ.

Concerning a riverbank, a dug well, a fire-stick, or a palm stalk, one should not say, 'There is no water'; likewise, one should not be hasty with a word from the mouth.

၁၆၈.

168.

သဗ္ဗံ သုဏာတိ သောတေန, သဗ္ဗံ ပဿတိ စက္ခုနာ;

န စ ဒိဋ္ဌံ သုတံ ဓီရော, သဗ္ဗံ ဥစ္စိတု မရဟတိ.

One hears everything with the ear and sees everything with the eye, but a wise person ought not to proclaim everything seen and heard.

၁၆၉.

169.

ဗာလာဒပိ [Pg.102] ဂဟေတဗ္ဗံ, ယုတ္တမုတ္တမနီသိဘိ;

ရဝိဿာဝိသယေ ကိံ န, ပဒီပဿ ပကာသနံ.

A reasonable saying should be accepted by the wise even from a fool. In the domain of the sun, is not the light of a lamp also illuminating?

၁၇၀.

170.

တသ္မာ [Pg.103] ဟိ ပဏ္ဍိတော ပေါသော, သမ္ပဿံ အတ္တမတ္တနော;

ယောနိသော ဝိစိနေ ဓမ္မံ, ဧဝံ တတ္ထ ဝိသုဇ္ဈတိ.

Therefore a wise person, seeing their own welfare, should wisely investigate the Dhamma; in this way they become purified.

၁၇၁.

171.

ကိံ တေန ဇာတုဇာတေန, မာတုယောဗ္ဗန္နဟာရိနာ;

အာရောဟတိ န ယော သက-ဝံသအဂ္ဂေ ဓဇော ယထာ.

What is the use of one born from the womb, a taker of his mother's youth, who does not rise like a banner at the head of his own lineage?

၁၇၂.

172.

သမ္မာ ဥပပရိက္ခိတွာ, အက္ခရေသု ပဒေသု စ;

စောရဃာတော သိယာ သိဿော, ဂုရု စောရဋ္ဋကာရကော.

Having rightly investigated the letters and passages, the student might become a slayer of thieves, the teacher one who brings a case against a thief.

၁၇၃.

173.

အဒန္တဒမနံ [Pg.104] သတ္ထံ, ခလာနံ ကုရုတေ မဒံ;

စက္ခုသင်္ခါရကံ တေဇံ, ဥလူကာနံမိဝန္ဓကံ.

A teaching is for the taming of the untamed, but for the wicked it produces pride, just as light, which assists the eye, is blinding for owls.

၁၇၄.

174.

နရတ္တံ ဒုလ္လဘံ လောကေ, ဝိဇ္ဇာ တတြ သုဒုလ္လဘာ;

ကဝိတ္တံ ဒုလ္လဘံ တတြ, သတ္တိ တတြ သုဒုလ္လဘာ.

Human birth is rare in the world; rarer still is knowledge. Poetic skill is rare therein; rarer still is the creative power.

၁၇၅.

175.

ယေဘုယျေန [Pg.105] ဟိ သတ္တာနံ, ဝိနာသေ ပစ္စုပဋ္ဌိတေ;

အနယော နယရူပေန, ဗုဒ္ဓိမာဂမ္မ တိဋ္ဌတိ.

For most beings, when destruction is imminent, wrong policy in the guise of right policy approaches and seizes the intellect.

သုဇနကဏ္ဍ

The Section on the Good Person

၁၇၆.

176.

သဒ္ဓါသီလာဒိဓမ္မေဟိ, [Pg.106] သပ္ပန္နော သေဋ္ဌမာနုသော;

ဝုတ္တော ဗုဒ္ဓါဒိသန္တေဟိ, သာဓုသပ္ပုရိသော ဣတိ.

Endowed with qualities like faith and virtue, the accomplished person is the best of humans; by the Buddhas and other peaceful ones he is declared to be a good and true person.

သဒ္ဒါဓနံ သီလဓနံ, ဟိရီဩတ္တပ္ပိယံ ဓနံ;

သုတဓနဉ္စ စာဂေါ စ, ပညာ ဝေ သတ္တမံ ဓနံ.

The wealth of faith, the wealth of virtue, the wealth of conscience and fear of wrongdoing, the wealth of learning, and generosity; wisdom is indeed the seventh wealth.

ယဿ ဧတေ ဓနာ အတ္ထိ, ဣတ္ထိယာ ပုရိသဿ ဝါ;

အဒလိဒ္ဒေါတိ တံ အာဟု, အမောဃံ တဿ ဇီဝိတံ.

The woman or the man who possesses these treasures is called one who is not poor; their life is not lived in vain.

တသ္မာ သဒ္ဓဉ္စ သီလဉ္စ, ပသာဒံ ဓမ္မဒဿနံ;

အနုယုဉ္ဇေထ မေဓာဝီ, သရံ ဗုဒ္ဓါနသာသနံ.

Therefore, the wise person, remembering the teaching of the Buddhas, should be devoted to faith, virtue, confidence, and vision of the Dhamma.

၁၇၇.

177.

သဗ္ဘိရေဝ [Pg.107] သမာသေထ, သဗ္ဘိ ကုဗ္ဗေထ သန္ထဝံ;

သတံ သဒ္ဓမ္မမညာယ, သေယျော ဟောတိ န ပါပိယော.

One should associate only with the good; with the good one should cultivate intimacy. By understanding the True Dhamma of the good, one becomes better, not worse.

၁၇၈.

178.

စဇ ဒုဇ္ဇနသံသဂ္ဂံ, ဘဇ သာဓုသမာဂမံ;

ကရ ပုညမဟောရတ္တံ, သရ နိစ္စမနိစ္စတံ.

Abandon association with the wicked, cultivate the company of the good; do meritorious deeds day and night, and constantly remember impermanence.

၁၇၉.

179.

ယော [Pg.108] ဝေ ကတညူ ကတဝေဒီ ဓီရော,ကလျာဏမိတ္တော ဒဠှဘတ္တိ စ ဟောတိ;

ဒုက္ခိတဿ သက္ကစ္စ ကရောတိ ကိစ္စံ,တထာဝိဓံ သပ္ပုရိသံ ဝဒန္တိ.

One who is grateful and acknowledges help received, who is wise, has good friends, and is firm in devotion; who diligently performs his task for one in distress—such a one they call a true person.

၁၈၀.

180.

မာတာပေတ္တိဘရံ [Pg.109] ဇန္တုံ, ကုလေ ဇေဋ္ဌာပစာယိနံ;

သဏှံ သခိလသမ္ဘာသံ, ပေသုဏေယျပ္ပဟာယိနံ.

One who supports his mother and father, who honors the elders in his family, who is gentle and courteous in speech, and has abandoned slanderous speech—

၁၈၁.

181.

မစ္ဆေရဝိနယေ ယုတ္တံ, သစ္စံ ကောဓာဘိဘုံ နရံ;

တံ ဝေ ဒေဝါ တာဝတိံသာ, အာဟု ‘‘သပ္ပုရိသော’’ဣတိ.

One devoted to dispelling avarice, truthful, a person who conquers anger—such a one the Tāvatiṃsa gods declare to be a 'true person'.

၁၈၂.

182.

ကုလဇာတော ကုလပုတ္တော, ကုလဝံသသုရက္ခတော;

အတ္တနာ ဒုက္ခပ္ပတ္တောပိ, ဟီနကမ္မံ န ကာရယေ.

A son of good family, of noble birth, who carefully guards his family's lineage, even when afflicted by suffering, would never do a base deed.

၁၈၃.

183.

ဥဒေယျ [Pg.110] ဘာဏု ပစ္ဆိမေ, နမေယျ မေရုအဒ္ဒိပိ;

သီတလံ ယဒိ နရဂ္ဂိ, ပဗ္ဗတဂ္ဂေ စ ဥပ္ပလံ;

ဝိကသေ န ဝိပရိတာ, သာဓုဝါစာ ကုဒါစနံ.

The sun might rise in the west, Mount Meru might bend, fire might become cool, and a lotus might bloom on a mountain peak; but the word of the good is never otherwise.

၁၈၄.

184.

သုခါ ရုက္ခဿ ဆာယာဝ, တတော ဉာတိမာတာပိတု;

တတော အာစေရဿ ရညော, တတော ဗုဒ္ဓဿနေကဓာ.

Pleasant is the shade of a tree; more pleasant is the shade of kinsmen, mother, and father. More pleasant still is the shade of a teacher and a king; but in many ways, the shade of the Buddha is most pleasant of all.

၁၈၅.

185.

ဘမရာ [Pg.111] ပုပ္ဖမိစ္ဆန္တိ, ဂုဏမိစ္ဆန္တိ သဇ္ဇနာ;

မက္ခိကာ ပူတိမိစ္ဆန္တိ, ဒေါသမိစ္ဆန္တိ ဒုဇ္ဇနာ.

Bees desire flowers, the virtuous desire goodness; flies desire what is putrid, the wicked desire faults.

၁၈၆.

186.

မာတုဟီနော [Pg.112] ဒုဗ္ဘာသော ဟိ, ပိတုဟီနော ဒုက္ကိရိယော;

ဥဘော မာတုပိတုဟီနာ, ဒုဗ္ဘာသာ စ ဒုက္ကိရိယာ.

One without a mother is ill-spoken; one without a father is an evildoer. One without both mother and father is ill-spoken and an evildoer.

၁၈၇.

187.

မာတုသေဋ္ဌော သုဘာသော ဟိ, ပိတုသေဋ္ဌော သုကိရိယော;

ဥဘောမာတု ပိတုသေဋ္ဌာ, သုဘာသာ စ သုကိရိယာ.

One who esteems his mother is well-spoken; one who esteems his father is a doer of good deeds. One who esteems both mother and father is well-spoken and a doer of good deeds.

၁၈၈.

188.

သုနခေါ [Pg.113] သုနခံ ဒိသွာ, ဒန္တံ ဒဿေတိ ဟိံသိတုံ;

ဒုဇ္ဇနော သုဇနံ ဒိသွာ, ရောသယံ ဟိံသမိစ္ဆတိ.

A dog, seeing another dog, bares its teeth, intending to harm. So too, a wicked person, seeing a good person, becomes angry and wishes to harm.

၁၈၉.

189.

န စ ဝေဂေန ကိစ္စာနိ, ကတ္တဗ္ဗာနိ ကုဒါစနံ;

သဟသာ ကာရိတံ ကမ္မံ, ဗာလော ပစ္ဆာနုတပ္ပတိ.

Deeds should never be done in haste; a fool comes to regret a deed done rashly.

၁၉၀.

190.

ကောဓံ [Pg.114] ဝဓိတွာ န ကဒါစိ သောစတိ,မက္ခပ္ပဟာနံ ဣသယော ဝဏ္ဏယန္တိ;

သဗ္ဗေသံ ဝုတ္တံ ဖရုသံ ခမေထ,ဧတံ ခန္တိံ ဥတ္တမမာဟု သန္တော.

Having slain anger, one never grieves; the seers praise the abandonment of denigration. One should endure all harsh words; this the good call the supreme patience.

၁၉၁.

191.

ဒုက္ခော နိဝါသော သမ္ဗာဓေ, ဌာနေ အသုစီသင်္ကတေ;

တတော အရိမှိ အပ္ပိယေ, တတောပိ အကတညုနာ.

Painful is dwelling in a crowded place, in a place that is impure and perilous. More painful is dwelling with an enemy or one who is unloved; and even more painful is dwelling with an ungrateful person.

၁၉၂.

192.

ဩဝဒေယျာ’နုသာသေယျ[Pg.115], အသဗ္ဘာ စ နိဝါရယေ;

သတဉှိ သော ပိယော ဟောတိ, အသတံ ဟောတိအပ္ပိယော.

One should advise and instruct, and restrain others from what is base. For such a one is dear to the good, but displeasing to the wicked.

၁၉၃.

193.

ဥတ္တမတ္တနိဝါတေန, ကက္ခဠံ မုဒုနာ ဇယေ;

နီစံ အပ္ပကဒါနေန, ဝါယာမေန သမံ ဇယေ.

Conquer the superior with humility, the harsh with gentleness; conquer the mean with a small gift, and the equal with effort.

၁၉၄.

194.

န [Pg.116] ဝိသံ ဝိသမိစ္စာဟ, ဓနံ သံဃဿ ဥစ္စတေ;

ဝိသံ ဧကံဝ ဟနတိ, ဟနတိ သံဃဿ သဗ္ဗံ.

Poison is not the real poison, they say; the property of the Sangha is called poison. Poison slays only one person; the Sangha's property destroys all.

၁၉၅.

195.

ဓနမပ္ပမ္ပိ [Pg.117] သာဓူနံ, ကူပေ ဝါရိဝ နိဿယော;

ဗဟုံအပိ အသာဓူနံ, န စ ဝါရိဝ အဏ္ဏဝေ.

Even a little wealth of the good is a support, like water in a well; but even the great wealth of the wicked is no support, like the water in the ocean.

၁၉၆.

196.

အပတ္ထေယျံ န ပတ္ထေယျ, အစိန္တေယျံ န စိန္တယေ;

ဓမ္မမေဝ သုစိန္တေယျ, ကာလံ မောဃံ န ဣစ္ဆယေ.

One should not desire what is not to be desired, nor ponder what is not to be pondered. One should reflect well only on the Dhamma and not wish for one's time to be spent in vain.

၁၉၇.

197.

အစိန္တိတမ္ပိ [Pg.118] ဘဝတိ, စိန္တိတမ္ပိ ဝိနဿတိ;

န ဟိ စိန္တာမယာ ဘောဂါ, ဣတ္ထိယာ ပုရိသဿ ဝါ.

Even what is unthought of comes to be, and what is thought of perishes; for possessions do not arise from thought, for a woman or for a man.

၁၉၈.

198.

အသန္တဿ ပိယော ဟောတိ, သန္တေ န ကုရုတေ ပိယံ;

အသတံ ဓမ္မံ ရောစေတိ, တံ ပရာဘဝတော မုခံ.

He to whom the wicked are dear, who holds no affection for the good, and who approves of the teaching of the wicked—this is a cause of his downfall.

၁၉၉.

199.

ဂုဏာ [Pg.119] ကုဗ္ဗန္တိ ဒူတတ္တံ, ဒူရေပိ ဝသတံ သတံ;

ကေတကေ ဂန္ဓံ ဃာယိတွာ, ဂစ္ဆန္တိ ဘမရာ သယံ.

Virtues act as messengers for the good, even when they dwell afar; smelling the fragrance of the ketaka flower, bees go there of their own accord.

၂၀၀.

200.

ပုဗ္ဗဇာတိကတံ ကမ္မံ, တံ ကမ္မမီတိ ကထျတေ;

တသ္မာ ပုရိသာကာရေနံ, ယတံ ကရေ အတန္ဒိတော.

A deed done in a past life is called 'kamma'; therefore, one should strive tirelessly with human effort.

၂၀၁.

201.

မတ္တိကပိဏ္ဍတော ကတ္တာ, ကုရုတေ ယံ ယဒိစ္ဆတိ;

ဧဝမတ္တကတံ ကမ္မံ, မာဏဝေါ ပဋိပဇ္ဇတေ.

As a potter from a lump of clay makes whatever he wishes, so a person experiences the kamma made by himself.

၂၀၂.

202.

ဥဋ္ဌာယောဋ္ဌာယ [Pg.121] ဗောဓေယျံ, မဟဗ္ဘယ မုပဋ္ဌိတံ;

မရဏဗျာဓိသောကာနံ, ကိမဇ္ဇ နိပတိဿတိ.

Rise up, rise up! One should be awake, for a great danger is present. Of death, sickness, and sorrow, what will befall today?

၂၀၃.

203.

ပါဏာ ယထာတ္တနောဘိဋ္ဌာ, ဘူတာနမပိ တေ တထာ;

အတ္တောပမေန ဘူတေသု, ဒယံ ကုဗ္ဗန္တိ သာဓဝေါ.

Just as life is dear to oneself, so it is to other beings. Making oneself the example, the good show compassion for all beings.

သဗ္ဗေ [Pg.122] တသန္တိ ဒဏ္ဍဿ, သဗ္ဗေ ဘာယန္တိ မစ္စုနော;

အတ္တာနံ ဥပမံ ကတွာ, န ဟနေယျ န ဃာတယေ.

All tremble at the rod, all fear death. Making oneself the comparison, one should neither kill nor cause to kill.

၂၀၄.

204.

ဗာလော ဝါ ယဒိ ဝါ ဝုဒ္ဓေါ, ယုဝါ ဝါ ဂေဟမာဂတော;

တဿ ပူဇာ ဝိဓာတဗ္ဗာ, သဗ္ဗဿာဘျာဂတော ဂရု.

Whether a child, an elder, or a youth has come to the house, honor should be paid to him; for to everyone, a guest is venerable.

၂၀၅.

205.

အာကိဏ္ဏောပိ အသန္တေဟိ, အသံသဋ္ဌောဝ ဘဒ္ဒကော;

ဗဟုနာ သန္နဇာတေန, ဂစ္ဆေန ဥဗ္ဗတ္တေနိဓ.

Even when crowded by the base, the good person remains unmingled, like one pulled out from a great entangled thicket.

ဗာလဒုဇ္ဇနကဏ္ဍ

The Chapter on Fools and the Wicked

၂၀၆.

206.

ကာယဒုစ္စရိတာဒီဟိ[Pg.124], သမ္ပန္နော ပါပမာနုဇော;

ဗာလောတိ လောကနာထေန, ကိတ္တိတော ဓမ္မသာမိနာ.

Endowed with bodily misconduct and so forth, that sinful man is proclaimed a fool by the Lord of the World, the Master of the Dhamma.

၂၀၇.

207.

ဒုစိန္တိတစိန္တီ စေဝ, ဒုဗ္ဘာသိတဘာသီပိ စ;

ဒုက္ကဋကမ္မကာရီ စ, ပါပကော ဗာလမာနုဇော.

One who thinks evil thoughts, speaks evil words, and does evil deeds—such a wicked person is a fool.

၂၀၈.

208.

အတိပိယော [Pg.125] န ကာတဗ္ဗော, ခလော ကောတုဟလံ ကရော;

သိရသာ ဝဟမာနောပိ, အဍ္ဎပူရော ဃဋော ယထာ.

A meddlesome rogue should not be held too dear; even when carried on the head, he is like a half-filled pot.

၂၀၉.

209.

သပ္ပော ဒုဋ္ဌော ခလော ဒုဋ္ဌော, သပ္ပာ ဒုဋ္ဌတရော ခလော;

မန္တောသဓေဟိ တံ သပ္ပံ, ခလံ ကေနုပသမ္မတိ.

A snake is venomous, a rogue is malicious; the rogue is more malicious than the snake. A snake may be subdued by mantras and herbs, but by what can a rogue be pacified?

၂၁၀.

210.

ယော [Pg.126] ဗာလော မညတိ ဗာလျံ, ပဏ္ဍိတော ဝါပိ တေနသော;

ဗာလော စ ပဏ္ဍိတမာနီ, သ ဝေ ဗာလောတိ ဝုစ္စတိ.

A fool who recognizes his foolishness is wise at least to that extent; but a fool who thinks himself wise is truly called a fool.

၂၁၁.

211.

မဓူဝ မညတိ ဗာလော, ယာဝ ပါပံ န ပစ္စတိ;

ယဒါ စ ပစ္စတိ ပါပံ, အထ ဒုက္ခံ နိဂစ္ဆတိ.

The fool thinks it is like honey, so long as evil does not ripen; but when evil ripens, then the fool comes to suffering.

၂၁၂.

212.

န [Pg.127] သာဓု ဗလဝါ ဗာလော, သာဟသာ ဝိန္ဒတေ ဓနံ;

ကာယဿ ဘေဒါ ဒုပ္ပညော, နိရယံ သောပပဇ္ဇတိ.

A fool who is strong is not good, for he gains wealth by violence; at the body's dissolution, the unwise one is reborn in hell.

၂၁၃.

213.

ဃရေ [Pg.128] ဒုဋ္ဌော မူသိကော စ, ဝနေ ဒုဋ္ဌော စ ဝါနရော;

သကုဏေ စ ဒုဋ္ဌော ကာကော, နရေဒုဋ္ဌော စ ဗြာဟ္မဏော.

In the house, the wicked one is the mouse; in the forest, the wicked one is the monkey; among birds, the wicked one is the crow; among men, the wicked one is the Brahmin.

၂၁၄.

214.

ဒီဃာ ဇာဂရတော ရတ္တိ, ဒီဃံ သန္တဿ ယောဇနံ;

ဒီဃော ဗာလာနသံသာရော, သဒ္ဓမ္မံ အဝိဇာနတံ.

Long is the night for one who is awake; long is a league for one who is weary; long is saṃsāra for fools who do not know the true Dhamma.

၂၁၅.

215.

တိလမတ္တံ [Pg.129] ပရေသဉ္စ, အပ္ပဒေါသဉ္စ ပဿတိ;

နာဠိကေရမ္ပိ သဒေါသံ, ခလဇာတော န ပဿတိ.

He sees the fault of others, though as small as a sesame seed, but does not see his own fault, though as large as a coconut. Such is the rogue.

၂၁၆.

216.

နတ္တဒေါသံ ပရေ ဇညာ, ဇညာ ဒေါသံ ပရဿတု;

ဂုယှော ကုမ္မာဝ အင်္ဂါနိ, ပရဒေါသဉ္စ လက္ခယေ.

One may know the fault of another, but not one's own. Hiding one's own faults like a tortoise concealing its limbs, one observes the faults of others.

၂၁၇.

217.

လုဒ္ဓံ [Pg.130] အတ္ထေန ဂဏှေယျ, ထဒ္ဓံ အဉ္ဇလိကမ္မုနာ;

ဆန္ဒာနုဝတ္တိယာ မူဠှံ, ယထာဘူတေန ပဏ္ဍိတံ.

One should win over the greedy with a gift, the stubborn with folded hands, the fool with compliance, and the wise with the truth.

၂၁၈.

218.

ယထာ ဥဒုမ္ဗရပက္ကာ, ဗဟိ ရတ္တကာ ဧဝ စ;

အန္တောကိမိလ သမ္ပုဏ္ဏာ, ဧဝံ ဒုဇ္ဇနဟဒယာ.

Just as the ripe udumbara fruit is red on the outside but full of worms within, so are the hearts of wicked people.

၂၁၉.

219.

ယာဝဇီဝမ္ပိ [Pg.131] စေ ဗာလော, ပဏ္ဍိတံ ပယိရုပါသတိ;

န သော ဓမ္မံ ဝိဇာနာတိ, ဒဗ္ဗီ သူပရသံ ယထာ.

Even if a fool attends upon a wise person for his whole life, he does not understand the Dhamma, just as a ladle does not know the taste of soup.

၂၂၀.

220.

စရဉ္စေ နာဓိဂစ္ဆေယျ, သေယျံ သဒိသမတ္တနော;

ဧကစရိယံ ဒဠှံ ကယိရာ, နတ္ထိ ဗာလေ သဟာယတာ.

If, in one's journey, one does not find a companion who is better or equal to oneself, let one resolutely pursue a solitary course; there is no fellowship with a fool.

၂၂၁.

221.

အဇာတမတမူဠှာနံ[Pg.132], ဝရမာဒယော န စန္တိမော;

သကိံ ဒုက္ခကရာဝါဒ-ယောန္တိမော တု ပဒေ ပဒေ.

Of the unborn, the dead, and the fool, the first two are better, not the last. The former cause suffering but once, while the latter does so at every step.

၂၂၂.

222.

ဒုဇ္ဇနေန [Pg.133] သမံ ဝေရံ, သချဉ္စာပိ န ကာရယေ;

ဥဏှော ဒဟတိ စင်္ဂါရော, သီတော ကဏှာယတေ ကရံ.

With a wicked person, one should cultivate neither enmity nor friendship; a hot ember burns, while a cold one blackens the hand.

၂၂၃.

223.

ဒုဇ္ဇနော ပိယဝါဒီ စ, နေတံ ဝိဿာသကာရဏံ;

မဓု တိဋ္ဌတိ ဇိဝှဂ္ဂေ, ဟဒယေ ဟလာဟလံ ဝိသံ.

A wicked person who speaks pleasantly is no cause for trust; honey is on the tip of his tongue, but deadly poison is in his heart.

၂၂၄.

224.

ဒုဇ္ဇနော [Pg.134] ပရိဟာတဗ္ဗော, ဝိဇ္ဇာယာလင်္ကတောပိ စ;

မဏိနာ ဘူသိတော သပ္ပော, ကိမေသော န ဘယင်္ကရော.

The wicked should be avoided, even if adorned with learning. A snake adorned with a jewel—is it not fearsome?

၂၂၅.

225.

နာဠိကေရသမာကာရာ, ဒိဿန္တေပိ ဟိ သဇ္ဇနာ;

အညေ ဗဒရိကာကာရာ, ဗဟိရေဝ မနောဟရာ.

Good people are indeed like coconuts; others are like jujube fruits, charming only on the outside.

ယထာပိ [Pg.135] ပန သပက္ကာ, ဗဟိ ကဏ္ဋကမေဝ စ;

အန္တော အမတသမ္ပုဏ္ဏာ, ဧဝံ သုဇနဟဒယာ.

Just as a ripe jackfruit, though thorny on the outside, is filled with nectar within, so too are the hearts of good people.

ယထာ ဥဒုမ္ဗရပက္ကာ, ဗဟိ ရတ္တကမေဝ စ;

ဧဝံ ကိမိလသမ္ပုဏာ, ဧဝံ ဒုဇ္ဇနဟဒယာ.

Just as the ripe udumbara fruit is red on the outside, and so full of worms, so are the hearts of wicked people.

၂၂၆.

226.

ဒေါသဘီတော အနာရမ္ဘော, တံ ကာ ပုရိသလက္ခဏံ;

ကောဟျဇိဏ္ဏဘယာ နနု, ဘောဇနံ ပရိဟီယတေ.

Fearful of fault, not initiating action—what kind of man's characteristic is that? Who indeed, fearing indigestion, would abstain from food?

၂၂၇.

227.

ပယောပါနံ ဘုဇင်္ဂါနံ, ကေဝလံ ဝိသဝဍ္ဎနံ;

ဥပဒေသော ဟိ မူဠှာနံ, ပကောပါယ န သန္တိယာ.

Giving milk to serpents only increases their venom; likewise, advice to fools leads to provocation, not to peace.

၂၂၈.

228.

န [Pg.136] ဌာတဗ္ဗံ န ဂန္တဗ္ဗံ, ဒုဇ္ဇနေန သမံ ကွစိ;

ဒုဇ္ဇနော ဟိ ဒုက္ခံ ဒေတိ, န သော သုခံ ကဒါစိပိ.

One should neither stand nor go anywhere with a wicked person; for the wicked person gives suffering, and never happiness.

၂၂၉.

229.

အဗဒ္ဓါ တတ္ထ ဗဇ္ဈန္တိ, ယတ္ထ ဗာလာ ပဘာသရေ;

ဗဒ္ဓါပိ တတ္ထ မုစ္စန္တိ, ယတ္ထ ဓီရာ ပဘာသရေ.

The unbound are bound where fools hold forth; even the bound are freed where the wise hold forth.

၂၃၀.

230.

ပရိတ္တံ [Pg.137] ဒါရုမာရုယှ, ယထာ သီဒေ မဟဏ္ဏဝေ;

ဧဝံ ကုသိတမာဂမ္မ, သာဓု ဇီဝိပိ သီဒတိ;

တသ္မာ တံ ပရိဝဇ္ဇေယျ, ကုသီတံ ဟီနဝီရိယံ.

Just as one who has mounted a small piece of wood would sink in the great ocean, so too, by associating with the lazy, even one of good livelihood sinks. Therefore, one should avoid that lazy person of weak effort.

၂၃၁.

231.

သဒ္ဓါသီလာဒိသမ္ပန္နော[Pg.138], သုမိတ္တော သာဓုမာနုသော;

တာဒိသံ မိတ္တံ သေဝေယျ, ဝုဒ္ဓိကာမော ဝိစက္ခဏော.

A good friend, a virtuous person, endowed with faith, virtue, and the like—a discerning person desiring growth should associate with such a friend.

၂၃၂.

232.

ဒါနာဒိဂုဏသေဋ္ဌေဟိ, မိဒိတဗ္ဗော မိတ္တော ဟိ ခေါ;

တာဒိသံ အဝင်္ကေနေဝ, မနသာ ဘဇေယျ သုဓီ.

A friend should indeed be cultivated through generosity and other superior qualities; a wise person should associate with such a one with a sincere mind.

၃၃၃.

333.

ဟိတက္ကရော [Pg.139] ပရော ဗန္ဓု, ဗန္ဓုပိ အဟိတော ပရော;

အဟိတော ဒေဟဇော ဗျာဓိ, ဟိတံ အရညမောသဓံ.

A benefactor, though a stranger, is a kinsman; a kinsman, if harmful, is a stranger. A harmful person is like a disease born of the body; a helpful thing is like a medicine from the forest.

၂၃၄.

234.

ပရောက္ခေ [Pg.140] ကိစ္စဟန္တာရံ, ပစ္စက္ခေ ပိယဝါဒိနံ;

ဝဇ္ဇယေ တာဒိသံ မိတ္တံ, ဝိသကုမ္ဘံ ပယောမုခံ.

One should avoid a friend who ruins one's affairs behind one's back but speaks sweetly to one's face; such a one is like a pot of poison with milk on its rim.

၁၃၅.

135.

ဓနဟီနေ စဇေ မိတ္တော, ပုတ္တဒါရာ သဟောဒရာ;

ဓနဝန္တေဝ သေဝန္တိ, ဓနံ လောကေ မဟာသခါ.

When one is without wealth, friends, wife, children, and siblings forsake him. They serve only the wealthy; wealth is the greatest friend in the world.

၂၃၆.

236.

ဇာနိယာ [Pg.141] ပေသနေ ဘစ္စေ, ဗန္ဓဝေ ဗျသနာဂမေ;

မိတ္တဉ္စ အာပဒိကာလေ, ဘရိယဉ္စ ဝိဘဝက္ခယေ.

One may know a servant by an errand, kinsmen when misfortune comes, a friend in a time of adversity, and a wife when wealth is lost.

၂၃၇.

237.

ဥဿဝေ ဗျသနေ စေဝ, ဒုဗ္ဘိက္ခေ သတ္တုဝိဂ္ဂဟေ;

ရာဇဒွါရေ သုသာနေ စ, ယော တိဋ္ဌတိ သော ဗန္ဓဝါ.

At festivals and in calamities, in famine and in war with enemies, at the king’s gate and at the cremation ground—whoever stands by one, that person is a kinsman.

၂၃၈.

238.

န [Pg.142]၂ ဝိဿသေ အမိတ္တဿ, မိတ္တဉ္စာပိ န ဝိဿသေ;

ကဒါစိ ကုပိတေ မိတ္တေ, သဗ္ဗဒေါသံ ပကာသတိ.

Do not trust an enemy, nor even trust a friend; for should a friend become angry, he will expose all your faults.

၂၃၉.

239.

မာတာ မိတ္တံ ပိတာ စေတိ, သဘာဝါ တံ တယံ ဟိတံ;

ကမ္မကရဏတော စညေ, ဘဝန္တိ ဟိတဗုဒ္ဓိယော.

Mother is a friend, and so is father; these three are beneficial by nature. Others, by their actions, become well-wishers.

၂၄၀.

240.

အာပဒါသု [Pg.143] မိတ္တံ ဇညာ, ယုဒ္ဓေ သူရံ ဣဏေ သုစိံ;

ဘရိယံ ခီဏေသု ဝိတ္တေသု, ဗျသနေသု စ ဗန္ဓဝံ.

One should know a friend in adversity, a hero in battle, an honest person in debt, a wife when wealth is exhausted, and a kinsman in misfortune.

၂၄၁.

241.

သကိံ ဒုဋ္ဌဉ္စ ယော မိတ္တံ, ပုန သန္ဓာတုမိစ္ဆတိ;

သ မစ္စုမုပဂဏှာတိ, ဂဗ္ဘံ အဿတရီ ယထာ.

One who seeks to reconcile with a friend who once became hostile, takes up death, just as a she-mule does by conceiving.

၂၄၂.

242.

ဣဏသေသော [Pg.144] အဂ္ဂိသေသော, ရောဂသေသော တထေဝ စ;

ပုနပ္ပုနံ ဝိဝဍ္ဎန္တိ, တသ္မာ သေသံ န ကာရယေ.

A remnant of debt, a remnant of fire, and likewise a remnant of disease, repeatedly increase; therefore, one should leave no remainder.

၂၄၃.

243.

ပဒုမံဝ မုခံ ယဿ, ဝါစာ စန္ဒနသီတလာ;

တာဒိသံ နော ပသေဝေယျ, ဟဒယေ တု ဟလာဟလံ.

One whose face is like a lotus, whose speech is as cool as sandalwood, but whose heart holds deadly poison—one should not associate with such a person.

၂၄၄.

244.

န [Pg.145] သေဝေ ဖရုသံ သာမိံ, န စ သေဝေယျ မစ္ဆရိံ;

တတော အပဂ္ဂဏှ သာမိံ, နေဝ နိဂ္ဂဟိတံ တတော.

Do not serve a harsh master, nor a miserly one. Withdraw from such a master, without being reproached by him.

၂၄၅.

245.

ကုဒေသဉ္စ [Pg.146] ကုမိတ္တဉ္စ, ကုကုလဉ္စ ကုဗန္ဓဝံ;

ကုဒါရဉ္စ ကုဒါသဉ္စ, ဒူရတော ပရိဝဇ္ဇယေ.

A bad country, a bad friend, a bad family, and bad relatives; a bad wife and a bad servant—these one should avoid from afar.

၂၄၆.

246.

သီတဝါစော ဗဟုမိတ္တော, ဖရုသော အပ္ပမိတ္တကော;

ဥပမာ ဧတ္ထ ဉာတဗ္ဗာ, သူရိယစန္ဒရာဇူနံ.

One of gentle speech has many friends; a harsh person has few. The simile for this should be understood as that of the sun and the moon.

၂၄၇.

247.

အဟိတာ ပဋိသေဓော စ, ဟိတေသု စ ပယောဇနံ;

ဗျသနေ အပရိစ္စာဂေါ, ဣတိဒံ မိတ္တလက္ခဏံ.

The prevention of what is harmful, engagement in what is beneficial, and not forsaking in misfortune—this is the mark of a friend.

၂၄၈.

248.

ပိယော [Pg.147] ဂရု ဘာဝနီယော, ဝတ္တာ စ ဝစနက္ခမော;

ဂမ္ဘီရဉ္စ ကထံ ကတ္တာ, နော စဋ္ဌာနေ နိယောဇကော;

တာဒိသံ မိတ္တံ သေဝေယျ, ဘူတိကာမော ဝိစက္ခဏော.

Lovable, respectable, worthy of esteem; a speaker patient with rebuke; one who speaks profound counsel and does not engage one in wrong pursuits—such a friend should be cultivated by a discerning person who desires prosperity.

ပိယော [Pg.148] ဂရု ဘာဝ နီယော, ဝတ္တာ စ ဝစနက္ခမော;

ဂမ္ဘိရဉ္စ ကထံ ကတ္တာ, နော စဋ္ဌာနေ နိယောဇကော.

Lovable, respectable, worthy of esteem; a speaker patient with rebuke; one who speaks profound counsel and does not engage one in wrong pursuits.

ယမှိ ဧတာနိ ဌာနာနိ, သံဝိဇ္ဇန္တိဓ ပုဂ္ဂလေ;

သော မိတ္တော မိတ္တကာမေန, အတ္ထကာမာနုကမ္ပတော;

အပိ နာသိယမာနေန, ဘဇိတဗ္ဗော တထာဝိဓော.

The person in whom these qualities are found here—such a friend should be associated with by one who desires friendship, for the sake of welfare and out of compassion, even while perishing.

၂၄၉.

249.

ဩရသံ ကတသမ္ဗန္ဓံ, တထာ ဝံသက္ကမာဂတံ;

ရက္ခကော ဗျသနေဟိ, မိတ္တံ ဉေယျံ စတုဗ္ဗိဓံ.

A friend should be known as fourfold: a kinsman, one who has formed a bond, one who is a hereditary friend, and a protector in times of misfortune.

၂၅၀.

250.

ပိယော ဂရု ဘာဝနိယော, ဝတ္တာ စ ဝစနက္ခမော;

ဂမ္ဘိရဉ္စ ကထံ ကတ္တာ, န စဋ္ဌာနေ နိယောဇကော;

တံ မိတ္တံ မိတ္တကာမေန, ယာဝဇီဝမ္ပိ သေဝိယံ.

Lovable, respectable, worthy of esteem; a speaker patient with rebuke; one who speaks profound counsel and does not engage one in wrong pursuits—such a friend should be served for life by one who desires friendship.

ပိယော ဂရု ဘာဝနီယော, ဝတ္တာ စ ဝစနက္ခမော;

ဂမ္ဘိရဉ္စ ကထံ ကတ္တာ, နော စဋ္ဌာနေ နိယောဇကော;

တာဒိသံ မိတ္တံ သေဝေယျ, ဘူတိကာမော ဝိစက္ခဏော.

Lovable, respectable, worthy of esteem; a speaker patient with rebuke; one who speaks profound counsel and does not engage one in wrong pursuits—such a friend should be cultivated by a discerning person who desires prosperity.

ရာဇကဏ္ဍ

The Section on Kings

၂၅၁.

251.

မဟာဇနံ [Pg.150] ယော ရဉ္ဇေတိ, စတူဟိပိ ဝတ္ထူဟိ ဝါ;

ရာဇာတိ ဝုစ္စတေ လောကေ, ဣတိ သလ္လက္ခယေ ဝိဒွါ.

He who gratifies the great populace with the four bases of beneficence is called a 'king' in the world; thus should the wise one discern.

၂၅၂.

252.

ဒါနဉ္စ အတ္ထစရိယာ, ပိယဝါစာ အတ္တသမံ;

သင်္ဂဟာ စတုရော ဣမေ, မုနိန္ဒေန ပကာသိတာ.

Generosity, helpful conduct, endearing speech, and impartiality: these four means of beneficence have been proclaimed by the Chief of Sages.

ဒါနမ္ပိ [Pg.151] အတ္ထစရိယတဉ္စ, ပိယဝါဒိတဉ္စ သမာနတ္တတဉ္စ;

ကရိယစရိယသုသင်္ဂဟံ ဗဟူနံ, အနဝမတေန ဂုဏေန ယာတိ သဂ္ဂံ;

Generosity, helpful conduct, endearing speech, and impartiality; through this good beneficence to many, through this unblemished virtue, one goes to heaven.

ဒါနဉ္စ ပေယျဝဇ္ဇဉ္စ, အတ္ထစရိယာ စ ယာ ဣဓ;

သမာနတ္တတာ စ ဓမ္မေသု, တတ္ထ တတ္ထ ယထာရဟံ;

ဧတေ ခေါ သင်္ဂဟာ လောကေ, ရထဿာဏီဝ ယာယတော.

Generosity and endearing speech, and helpful conduct here, and impartiality in all matters, in each case as is fit; these are the means of beneficence in the world, like the linchpin of a moving chariot.

၂၅၃.

253.

ဒါနံ သီလံ ပရိစ္စာဂံ, အဇ္ဇဝံ မဒ္ဒဝံ တပံ;

အက္ကောဓံ အဝိဟိံသဉ္စ, ခန္တီ စ အဝိရောဓနံ;

ဒသေတေ ဓမ္မေ ရာဇာနော, အပ္ပမတ္တေန ဓာရယျုံ.

Generosity, virtue, liberality, rectitude, gentleness, austerity, non-anger, non-violence, patience, and non-opposition. Kings should diligently uphold these ten principles.

၂၅၄.

254.

ဧကယာမံ [Pg.152] သယေ ရာဇာ, ဒွိယာ မညေဝ ပဏ္ဍိတော;

ဃရာဝါသော တိယာမောဝ, စတုယာမော တု ယာစကော.

A king should sleep for one watch, a wise person for two; a householder for three watches, and a beggar for four.

၂၅၅.

255.

အပုတ္တကံ ဃရံ သုညံ, ရဋ္ဌံ သုညံ အရာဇကံ;

အသိပ္ပဿ မုခံ သုညံ, သဗ္ဗသုညံ ဒလိဒ္ဒတ္တံ.

A childless home is empty; a kingless kingdom is empty; the mouth of an unlearned person is empty; but poverty is complete emptiness.

၂၅၆.

256.

ဓနမိစ္ဆေ [Pg.153] ဝါဏိဇေယျ, ဝိဇ္ဇမိစ္ဆေ ဘဇေ သုတံ;

ပုတ္တမိစ္ဆေ တရုဏိတ္ထိံ, ရာဇာမစ္စံ ဣစ္ဆာဂတေ.

One who desires wealth should engage in trade; one who desires knowledge should attend on the learned; one who desires a son should seek a young woman; one who desires to be a king's minister should approach the king.

၂၅၇.

257.

ပက္ခီနံ ဗလမာကာသော, မစ္ဆာနမုဒကံ ဗလံ;

ဒုဗ္ဗလဿ ဗလံ ရာဇာ, ကုမာရာနံ ရုဒံ ဗလံ.

For birds, the sky is their strength; for fish, water is their strength; for the weak, the king is their strength; for children, crying is their strength.

၂၅၈.

258.

ခမာ [Pg.154] ဇာဂရိယုဋ္ဌာနံ, သံဝိဘာဂေါ ဒယိက္ခဏာ;

နာယကဿ ဂုဏာ ဧတေ, ဣစ္ဆိတဗ္ဗာ သတံ သဒါ.

Forbearance, vigilance and exertion, sharing, and compassionate regard: these are the qualities of a leader, always to be wished for by the good.

၂၅၉.

259.

သကိံ ဝဒန္တိ ရာဇာနော, သကိံ သမဏဗြာဟ္မဏာ;

သကိံ သပ္ပုရိသာ လောကေ, ဧသ ဓမ္မော သနန္တနော.

Kings speak but once; recluses and brahmins but once; good people in the world speak but once: this is the eternal law.

၂၆၀.

260.

အလသော ဂီဟိ ကာမဘောဂီ န သာဓု,အသညတော ပဗ္ဗဇိတော န သာဓု;

ရာဇာ န သာဓု အနိသမ္မကာရီ,ယော ပဏ္ဍိတော ကောဓနော တံ န သာဓု.

A lazy householder enjoying sensual pleasures is not good; an unrestrained renunciant is not good; a king who acts without due consideration is not good; a wise person who is angry—that is not good.

၂၆၁.

261.

အာယံ ခယံ သယံ ဇညာ, ကတာကတံ သယံ ဇညာ;

နိဂ္ဂဟေ နိဂ္ဂဟာရဟံ, ပဂ္ဂဟေ ပဂ္ဂဟာရဟံ.

One should know for oneself income and expenditure; one should know for oneself what has been done and what has not. One should censure the censurable and commend the commendable.

၂၆၂.

262.

မာတာ [Pg.156] ပုတ္တကတံ ပါပံ, သိဿကတံ ဂုရု တထာ;

ရာဇာ ရဋ္ဌကတံ ပါပံ, ရာဇကတံ ပုရောဟိတော.

A mother bears the evil deed done by her son, and a teacher likewise that done by a pupil; a king bears the evil deed done by his kingdom, and the royal chaplain that done by the king.

၂၆၃.

263.

အက္ကောဓေန ဇိနေ ကောဓံ, အသာဓုံ သာဓုနာ ဇိနေ;

ဇိနေ ကဒရိယံ ဒါနေန, သစ္စေနာလိကဝါဒိနံ.

Conquer anger with non-anger, the unvirtuous with virtue; conquer the miser with a gift, the liar with truth.

၂၆၄.

264.

အဒန္တဒမနံ [Pg.157] ဒါနံ, ဒါနံ သဗ္ဗတ္ထသာဓကံ;

ဒါနေန ပိယဝါစာယ, ဥန္နမန္တိ နမန္တိ စ.

A gift tames the untamed; a gift accomplishes all aims. Through generosity and endearing speech, people are uplifted and pay respect.

အဒန္တဒမနံ [Pg.158] ဒါနံ, အဒါနံ ဒန္တဒူသကံ;

ဒါနေန ပိယဝါစာယ, ဥန္နမန္တိ နမန္တိ စ.

Generosity tames the untamed; not giving corrupts the tamed. Through generosity and endearing speech, people are uplifted and pay respect.

၂၆၅.

265.

ဒါနံ သိနေဟဘေသဇ္ဇံ, မစ္ဆေရံ ဒေါသနောသဓံ;

ဒါနံ ယသဿီဘေသဇ္ဇံ, မစ္ဆေရံ ကပဏောသဓံ.

Generosity is the medicine for affection; stinginess, the medicine for hatred. Generosity is the medicine for fame; stinginess, the medicine for misery.

၂၆၆.

266.

န ရညာ သမကံ ဘုဉ္ဇေ, ကာမဘောဂံ ကုဒါစနံ;

အာကပ္ပံ ရသဘုတ္တံ ဝါ, မာလာဂန္ဓဝိလေပနံ;

ဝတ္ထသဗ္ဗမလင်္ကာရံ, န ရညာ သဒိသံ ကရေ.

One should never enjoy sensual pleasures equally with the king. One's attire, delicious food, garlands, perfumes, ointments, clothes, and all ornaments—one should not make these like the king's.

၂၆၇.

267.

န [Pg.159] မေ ရာဇာ သခါ ဟောတိ, န ရာဇာ ဟောတိ သမကော;

ဧသော သာမိကော မယှန္တိ, စိတ္တေ နိဋ္ဌံ သဏ္ဌာပယေ.

'The king is not my friend, nor is the king my equal; he is my master.' One should establish this conviction firmly in one's mind.

၂၆၈.

268.

နာတိဒူရေ ဘဇေ ရညော, နစ္စာသန္နေ ပဝါတကေ;

ဥဇုကေ နာတိနိန္နေ စ, န ဘဇေ ဥစ္စမာသနေ;

ဆ ဒေါသေ ဝဇ္ဇေ သေဝကော, အဂ္ဂီဝ သံယတော တိဋ္ဌေ.

One should attend on the king not too far away and not too close; not upwind and not directly in front; not in too low a place and not on a high seat. A servant should avoid these six faults and stand restrained as if before a fire.

န [Pg.160] ပစ္ဆတော န ပုရတော, နာပိ အာသန္နဒူရတော;

န ကစ္ဆေ နောပိ ပဋိဝါတေ, န စာပိ ဩဏတုဏ္ဏတေ;

ဣမေ ဒေါသေ ဝိဝဇ္ဇေတွာ, ဧကမန္တံ ဌိတာ အဟု –

Not behind and not in front, not too near and not too far; not at one's side, nor upwind, nor in a place too low or too high. Having avoided these faults, they stood to one side.

၂၆၉.

269.

ဇပ္ပေန မန္တေန သုဘာသိတေန,အနုပ္ပဒါနေန ပဝေဏိယာ ဝါ;

ယထာ ယထာ ယတ္ထ လဘေထ အတ္ထံ,တထာ တထာ တတ္ထ ပရက္ကမေယျ.

By flattery, by incantations, or by well-spoken words, by constant giving or by custom; however and wherever one may achieve one's aim, so and there should one strive.

၂၇၀.

270.

ကဿကော [Pg.161] ဝါဏိဇော မစ္စော, သမဏော သုတသီလ ဝါ;

တေသု ဝိပုလဇာတေသု, ရဋ္ဌမ္ပိ ဝိပုလံ သိယာ.

The farmer, the merchant, the common man, the recluse, or the one of learning and virtue—when these prosper, the kingdom too will prosper.

၂၇၁.

271.

တေသု [Pg.162] ဒုဗ္ဗလဇာတေသု, ရဋ္ဌမ္ပိ ဒုဗ္ဗလံ သိယာ;

တသ္မာ သရဋ္ဌံ ဝိပုလံ, ဓာရယေ ရဋ္ဌဘာရဝါ.

When these become weak, the kingdom too becomes weak. Therefore the bearer of the kingdom's burden should maintain his own kingdom in prosperity.

၂၇၂.

272.

မဟာရုက္ခဿ [Pg.163] ဖလိနော, အာမံ ဆိန္ဒတိ ယော ဖလံ;

ရသဉ္စဿ န ဇာနာတိ, ဗီဇဉ္စဿ ဝိနဿတိ.

He who plucks the unripe fruit of a great fruit-bearing tree does not know its flavor, and its seed is destroyed.

၂၇၃.

273.

မဟာရုက္ခူပမံ ရဋ္ဌံ, အဓမ္မေန ပသာသတိ;

ရသဉ္စဿ န ဇာနာတိ, ရဋ္ဌဉ္စဿ ဝိနဿတိ.

A kingdom is like a great tree. He who rules it unrighteously does not know its flavor, and his kingdom is destroyed.

၂၇၄.

274.

မဟာရုက္ခဿ ဖလိနော, ပက္ကံ ဆိန္ဒတိ ယော ဖလံ;

ရသဉ္စဿ ဝိဇာနာတိ, ဗီဇဉ္ဇဿ န နဿတိ.

He who plucks a ripe fruit from a great fruit-bearing tree knows its flavor, and its seed is not destroyed.

၂၇၅.

275.

မဟာရုက္ခူပမံ [Pg.164] ရဋ္ဌံ, ဓမ္မေန ယော ပသာသတိ;

ရသဉ္စဿ ဝိဇာနာတိ, ရဋ္ဌဉ္စဿ န နဿတိ.

A kingdom is like a great tree. He who rules it righteously knows its flavor, and his kingdom does not perish.

နာယက ကဏ္ဍ

The Section on Leaders

၂၇၆.

276.

အနာယကာ [Pg.165] ဝိနဿန္တိ, နဿန္တိ ဗဟုနာယကာ;

ထီနာယကာ ဝိနဿန္တိ, နဿန္တိ သုသုနာယကာ.

Those without a leader perish; those with many leaders perish; those with a female leader perish; and those with a boy leader perish.

၂၇၇.

277.

ဂဝံ [Pg.166] စေ တရမာနာနံ, ဥဇုံ ဂစ္ဆတိ ပုင်္ဂဝေါ;

သဗ္ဗာ ဂါဝီ ဥဇုံ ယန္တိ, နေတ္တေ ဥဇုံ ဂတေ သတိ.

When a herd of cattle is crossing, if the lead bull goes straight, all the cows go straight, since their leader is going straight.

၂၇၈.

278.

ဧဝမေဝ မနုဿေသု, ယော ဟောတိ သေဋ္ဌသမ္မတော;

သော သစေ ဓမ္မံ စရတိ, ပဂေဝ ဣတရာ ပဇာ.ဂဝံ စေ တရမာနာနံ, ဥဇုံ ဂစ္ဆတိ ပုင်္ဂဝေါ;

သဗ္ဗာ ဂါဝီ ဥဇုံယန္တိ, နေတ္တေ ဥဇုံ ဂတေ သတိ.

So too among humans, he who is considered the best, if he practices the Dhamma, how much more so the other people. When a herd of cattle is crossing, if the lead bull goes straight, all the cows go straight, since their leader is going straight.

ဧဝမေဝ [Pg.167] မနုဿေသု, ယော ဟောတိ သေဋ္ဌသမ္မတော;

သော သစေ ဓမ္မံ စရတိ, ပဂေဝ ဣတရာ ပဇာ;

သဗ္ဗံ ရဋ္ဌံ သုခံ သေတိ, ရာဇာ စေ ဟောတိ ဓမ္မိကော.

So too among humans, he who is considered the best, if he practices the Dhamma, how much more so the other people. The whole kingdom dwells in happiness if the king is righteous.

၂၇၉.

279.

နောဒယာဟ ဝိနာသာယ, ဗဟုနာယကတာ ဘုသံ;

မိလာယန္တိ ဝိနဿန္တိ, ပဒ္မာနျက္ကေဟိ သတ္တဟိ.

Having many leaders leads not to prosperity but to ruin; they wither and perish, like lotuses under seven suns.

၂၈၀.

280.

သုတာရက္ခော အဘိယောဂေါ, ကုလာရက္ခော ဝတ္တံ ဘဝေ;

ဝိဇ္ဇာ ဟိ ကုလပုတ္တဿ, နာယကဿာပမာဒကော.

Exertion is the guardian of learning; good conduct is the guardian of the clan. For a leader who is a youth of good family, knowledge is indeed heedfulness.

ပုတ္တကဏ္ဍ

The Chapter on Sons

၂၈၁.

281.

အဘိဇာတံ [Pg.168] အနုဇာတံ, ပုတ္တမိစ္ဆန္တိ ပဏ္ဍိတာ;

အဝဇာတံ န ဣစ္ဆန္တိ, ယော ဟောတိ ကုလဂန္ဓနော.

The wise desire a son who is well-born and like them; they do not desire one who is low-born, who brings disgrace to the family.

၂၈၂.

282.

ပဉ္စဋ္ဌာနာနိ [Pg.170] သမ္ပဿံ, ပုတ္တမိစ္ဆန္တိ ပဏ္ဍိတာ;

ဘတော ဝါ နော ဘရိဿတိ, ကိစ္စံ ဝါ နော ကရိဿတိ.

Seeing five benefits, the wise desire a son: "Having been supported by us, he will support us, or he will perform our duties."

၂၈၃.

283.

ကုလဝံသော စိရံ တိဋ္ဌေ, ဒါယဇ္ဇံ ပဋိပဇ္ဇတိ;

အထ ဝါ ပန ပေတာနံ, ဒက္ခိနံ အနုပဒဿတိ.

"The family lineage will long endure, he will take up the inheritance; or else, he will give offerings to the departed."

၂၈၄.

284.

ဗဟုပုတ္တေ [Pg.171] ပိတာ ဧကော, အဝဿံ ပေါသေတိ သဒါ;

ဗဟုပုတ္တာ န သက္ကောန္တိ, ပေါသေတုံ ပိတရေကကံ.

A single father with many sons surely supports them always; many sons are not able to support a single father.

၂၈၅.

285.

ပုတ္တံ ဝါ ဘာတရံ ဒုဋ္ဌု, အနုသာသေယျ နော ဇဟေ;

ကိန္နု ဆေဇ္ဇံ ကရံ ပါဒံ, လိတ္တံ အသုစိနာ သိယာ.

One should admonish a son or brother who is behaving badly, not abandon him. Why should one cut off a hand or foot, if it were soiled with filth?

ဝေဇ္ဇာစရိယ ကဏ္ဍ

The Chapter on Physicians

၂၈၆.

286.

အာယုဗေဒကတာဘျာသော[Pg.173], သဗ္ဗေသံ ပိယဒဿနော;

အရိယသီလဂုဏောပေတော, ဧသ ဝေဇ္ဇော ဝိဓီယတေ.

Practiced in the science of medicine, of pleasing appearance to all, endowed with the qualities of noble virtue—such a one is called a physician.

၂၈၇.

287.

နာနာဂန္ထဇာနနဉ္စ, သုဒိဋ္ဌကမ္မသမ္ပဒါ;

ဒက္ခတာ ဟတ္ထသီဃတာ, ပသာဒသူရသတ္တိတာ.

Knowledge of various texts, success in well-considered actions, dexterity and swiftness of hand, agreeableness, courage, and strength.

၂၈၈.

288.

သာဘာဝိကတင်္ခဏိက-ဉာဏသုဘာသိတာပိ စ;

ဥဿာဟော ဒဗ္ဗော သဗ္ဗတာ, ဝေဇ္ဇာစေရဿ လက္ခဏံ;

Natural and timely wisdom, and well-spoken words; effort and skill in all things—these are the marks of a physician.

၂၈၉.

289.

ကိလိဋ္ဌဝတ္ထံ [Pg.174] ကောဓော စ, အတိမာနဉ္စ ဂမ္မတာ;

အနိမန္တိတဂမနံ, ဧတေ ပဉ္စ ဝိဝဇ္ဇိယာ.

A soiled robe, anger, and excessive pride, vulgarity, and going uninvited—these five should be avoided.

၂၉၀.

290.

ဒိဋ္ဌကမ္မတာ [Pg.175] သောစဉ္စ, ဒက္ခတာ ဝိဒိတာဂမော;

စတ္တာရော သုဘိသက္ကဿ, သုဂုဏာ ဝိညုနာ မတာ.

Practical experience, cleanliness, skill, and knowledge of the texts; these four are considered by the wise to be the good qualities of an excellent physician.

၂၉၁.

291.

ရုဇာယ ဇယလက္ခဏံ, ရသော စ ဘေသဇ္ဇမ္ပိ စ;

တိလက္ခဏဘေဒေါ စေဝ, ဝိညေယျော ဘိသက္ကေန ဝေ.

The characteristic signs of a disease, the taste and the remedy, and the distinctions of the three humors—these should indeed be known by a physician.

ဒါသက ကဏ္ဍ

The Chapter on Servants

၂၉၂.

292.

အန္တောဇာတော [Pg.176] ဓနက္ကီတော, ဒါသဗျောပဂတော သယံ;

ဒါသာကရမရာနီတော-စ္စေဝံ တေ စတုဓာ သိယုံ.

Born in the house, bought with wealth, one who has become a servant of his own accord, and one brought as a captive in war—thus they are of four kinds.

၂၉၃.

293.

ပုဗ္ဗုဋ္ဌာ ပစ္ဆာနိပါတီ, ဒိန္နဿ အာဒါယီပိ စ;

သုကတကမ္မကရော စ, ကိတ္တိဝဏ္ဏဟရောပိ စ.

Rising before the master, retiring after, taking what is given, doing work well, and spreading fame and praise.

၂၉၄.

294.

ဒါသာ ၀.၀၁၇၇ ပဉ္စေဝ စောရယျ-သခါဉာတျတ္တသာဒိသာ;

တထာ ဝိညူဟိ ဝိညေယျာ, မိတ္တဒါရာ စ ဗန္ဓဝါ.

Servants, thieves, companions, relatives, and those of like character should be discerned by the wise; so too should friends, wives, and kinsmen.

ဣတ္ထိကဏ္ဍ

The Chapter on Women

၂၉၅.

295.

အာသာ [Pg.178] လောကိတ္ထိယော နာမ, ဝေလာ တာသံ န ဝိဇ္ဇတိ;

သာရတ္တာ စ ပဂဗ္ဘာ စ, သိခီ သဗ္ဗဃသော ယထာ;

တသ္မာ တာယော ဟိတွာန, ဗြူဟေယျ ဝိဝေကံ သုဓီ.

Women in the world are called 'desire'; no limit is found for them. They are passionate and brazen, like a fire that devours everything. Therefore, the wise one should abandon them and cultivate solitude.

အာသာ [Pg.179] လောကိတ္ထိယော နာမ, ဝေလာ တာသံ န ဝိဇ္ဇတိ;

သာရတ္ထာ စ ပဂဗ္ဘာ စ, သိခီ သဗ္ဗဃသော ယထာ;

တာ ဟိတွာ ပဗ္ဗဇိဿာမိ, ဝိဝေကမနုဗြူဟယံ.

Women in the world are called 'hope'; no limit is found for them. They are purposeful and impudent, like a fire consuming all. Abandoning them, I will go forth, cultivating solitude.

၂၉၆.

296.

လောကေ ဟိ အင်္ဂနာ နာမ, ကောဓနာ မိတ္တဘေဒိကာ;

ပိသုကာ အကတညူ စ ဒူရတော ပရိဝဇ္ဇယေ.

A woman in the world who is wrathful, a divider of friends, slanderous, and ungrateful should be avoided from afar.

၂၉၇.

297.

ယထာ နဒီ စ ပန္ထော စ, ပါနာဂါရံ သဘာ ပပါ;

ဧဝံ လောကိတ္ထိယော နာမ, နာသံ ကုဇ္ဈန္တိ ပဏ္ဍိတာ.

Just as with a river, a road, a tavern, an assembly hall, or a public well, so it is with women in the world—the wise do not get angry with them.

၂၉၈.

298.

သဗ္ဗာ [Pg.180] နဒီ ဝင်္ကဂတီ, သဗ္ဗေ ကဋ္ဌမယာ ဝနာ;

သဗ္ဗိတ္ထိယော ကရေ ပါပံ, လဘမာနေ နိဝါတကေ.

All rivers have a crooked course, all forests are made of wood; all women would commit evil, if they find a private place.

၂၉၉.

299.

ဃဋကုမ္ဘသမာ [Pg.181] နာရီ, တတ္ထင်္ဂါရသမော ပုမာ;

တသ္မာ ဃတဉ္စ အဂ္ဂိဉ္စ, နေကတြ ဌပယေ ဗုဓော.

A woman is like a pot of ghee, a man is like a hot coal; therefore, the wise one should not place ghee and fire together.

၃၀၀.

300.

ဣတ္ထီနဉ္စ ဓနံ ရူပံ, ပုရိသာနံ ဝိဇ္ဇာ ဓနံ;

ဘိက္ခူနဉ္စ ဓနံ သီလံ, ရာဇာနဉ္စ ဓနံ ဗလံ.

For women, beauty is wealth; for men, knowledge is wealth; for bhikkhus, virtue is wealth; for kings, power is wealth.

၃၀၁.

301.

ပဉ္စာရတျာ [Pg.182] သုဂန္ဓဗ္ဗာ, သတ္တာရတျာ ဓနုဂ္ဂဟာ;

ဧကမာသာ သုဘရိယာ, အဍ္ဎမာသာ သိဿာ မလာ.

Fragrance is welcome for five nights, an archer for seven nights, a good wife for one month, and a pupil for half a month; thereafter, they are a stain.

၃၀၂.

302.

ဇိဏ္ဏေ အန္နံ ပသံသေယျ, ဒါရဉ္စ ဂတယောဗ္ဗနေ;

ရဏပုနာဂတေ သူရံ, သဿဉ္စ ဂေဟမာဂတေ.

Praise food when it is digested, a wife when her youth has passed, a hero when he returns from battle, and the harvest when it is brought home.

၃၀၃.

303.

ဒွိတိပတိ [Pg.183] နာရီ စေဝ, ဝိဟာရဒွိတိ ဘိက္ခု စ;

သကုဏော ဒွိတိပါတော စ, ကတမာယာဗဟုတရာ.

A woman with a second husband, a bhikkhu with a second monastery, and a bird that falls twice—which of these is the most deceitful?

၃၀၄.

304.

ရတ္တိ ဝိနာ န စန္ဒိမာ, ဝီစိဝိနာ စ သာဂရော;

ဟံသဝိနာ ပေါက္ခရဏီ, ပတိဝိနာ ကညာ သောဘေ.

There is no moon without the night, nor an ocean without waves; a lotus pond is not without swans, nor is a maiden beautiful without a husband.

၃၀၅.

305.

အသန္တုဋ္ဌာ [Pg.184] ယတီ နဋ္ဌာ, သန္တုဋ္ဌာပိ စ ပတ္ထိ ဝါ;

သလဇ္ဇာ ဂဏိကာ နဋ္ဌာ, နိလ္လဇ္ဇာ စ ကုလိတ္ထိယော.

A discontented ascetic is ruined, and a contented householder is ruined; a modest courtesan is ruined, and a shameless woman of good family is ruined.

၃၀၆.

306.

စောရီနံ ဗဟုဗုဒ္ဓီနံ, ယာသု သစ္စံ သုဒုလ္လဘံ;

ထီနံ ဘာဝေါ ဒုရာဇာနော, မစ္ဆဿေဝေါ’ဒကေ ဂတံ.

Among these thievish women of many wiles, in whom truth is very hard to find, the nature of women is hard to know, like the path of a fish in the water.

၃၀၇.

307.

အနလာ [Pg.185] မုဒုသမ္ဘာသာ, ဒုပ္ပူရာ တာ နဒီသမာ;

သီဒန္တိ နံ ဝိဒိတွာန, အာရကာ ပရိဝဇ္ဇယေ.

They are insatiable, soft-spoken, and hard to satisfy like a river. Knowing them, men sink. One should avoid them from afar.

၃၀၈.

308.

အာဝဋ္ဋနီ မဟာမာယာ, ဗြဟ္မစရိယဝိကောပနာ;

သီဒန္တိ နံ ဝိဒိတွာန, အာရကာ ပရိဝဇ္ဇယေ.

They are alluring, of great deceit, destroyers of the holy life. Knowing them, men sink. One should avoid them from afar.

၃၀၉.

309.

ဣတ္ထီပိ [Pg.186] ဟိ ဧကစ္စိယာ, သေယျာ ပေါသ ဇနာဓိပ;

မေဓာဝိနီ သီလဝတီ, သဿုဒေဝါ ပတိဗ္ဗတာ;

Yet a certain woman, O lord of men, is indeed better than a man, if she is wise, virtuous, devoted to her husband, and reveres her mother-in-law as a deity.

၃၁၀.

310.

တဿာ ယော ဇာယတိ ပေါသော,သူရော ဟောသ ဒိသမ္ပတိ;

တာဒိသာ သုဘဂိယာ ပုတ္တော,ရဇ္ဇမ္ပိ အနုသာသတိ.

The man who is born of her will be a hero, a lord of the land; the son of such a fortunate woman may even rule a kingdom.

၃၁၁.

311.

သလ္လပေ [Pg.187] အသိဟတ္ထေန, ပိသာစေနာပိ သလ္လပေ;

အာသီဝိသမ္ပိ အာသီဒေ, ယေန ဒဋ္ဌော န ဇီဝတိ;

န တွေဝ ဧကော ဧကာယ, မာတုဂါမေန သလ္လပေ.

One may converse with a man with sword in hand, one may even converse with a demon; one may even approach a venomous snake, by which if bitten, one will not live; but one should never converse alone with a woman.

၃၁၂.

312.

န [Pg.188] ဟိ သဗ္ဗေသု ဌာနေသု, ပုရိသော ဟောတိ ပဏ္ဍိတော;

ဣတ္ထီပိ ပဏ္ဍိတာ ဟောတိ, တတ္ထ တတ္ထ ဝိစက္ခဏာ.

Indeed, a man is not wise in all matters; a woman too may be wise, discerning in this and that.

၃၁၃.

313.

န ဟိ သဗ္ဗေသု ဌာနေသု, ပုရိသော ဟောတိ ပဏ္ဍိတော;

ဣတ္ထီပိ ပဏ္ဍိတာ ဟောတိ, လဟုံ အတ္ထဝိစိန္တိကာ.

Indeed, a man is not wise in all matters; a woman too may be wise, quick in reflecting on the meaning.

၃၁၄.

314.

ကူပေါဒကံ [Pg.189] ဝဋစ္ဆာယာ, သာမာထီ ဣဋ္ဌကာလယံ;

သီတကာလေ ဘဝေ ဥဏှံ, ဥဏှကာလေ စ သီတလံ.

Well water, the shade of a banyan tree, and a house made of bricks: in the cold season they are warm, and in the hot season, cool.

၃၁၅.

315.

ဣတ္ထိယော ဧကစ္စိယာပိ, သေယျာ ဝုတ္တာဝ မုနိနာ;

ဘဏ္ဍာနံ ဥတ္တမာ ဣတ္ထီ, အဂ္ဂူပဋ္ဌာယိကာ ဣတိ.

Some women, too, are said by the sage to be excellent; a woman is the best of possessions, a supreme attendant.

ပကိဏ္ဏကကဏ္ဍ

Miscellaneous Section

၃၁၆.

316.

ကုလသီလဂုဏောပေတော[Pg.191], သဗ္ဗဓမ္မပရာယဏော;

ပဝီဏော ပေသနာဇ္ဈက္ခော, ဓမ္မဇ္ဈက္ခော ဝိဓီယတေ.

Endowed with the virtues of family and conduct, devoted to all the Dhamma; skilled as a superintendent of messages, he is designated a director of the Dhamma.

၃၁၇.

317.

ဝေဒဝေဒင်္ဂတတွညော, ဇပ္ပဟောမပရာယဏော;

အာသီဝါဒဝစောယုတ္တော, ဧသ ရာဇပုရောဟိတော.

One who knows the essence of the Vedas and their ancillary branches, devoted to recitations and burnt offerings; endowed with words of blessing, such is the king's chaplain.

ကပ္ပော [Pg.192] ဗျာကရဏံ ဇောတိ – သတ္ထံ သိက္ခာ နိရုတ္တိ စ;

ဆန္ဒောဝိစိတိ စေတာနိ, ဝေဒင်္ဂါနိ ဝဒန္တိ ဆ.

Ritual, grammar, astronomy, phonetics, etymology, and prosody—these six are called the limbs of the Vedas.

၃၁၈.

318.

သကိံ ဝုတ္တဂဟိတတ္တော, လဟုဟတ္ထော ဇိတက္ခရော;

သဗ္ဗသတ္ထသမာလောကီ, ပကဋ္ဌော နာမ လေခကော.

Quick to grasp what is said once, swift-handed, skilled in letters, versed in all branches of learning, such is called a distinguished scribe.

၃၁၉.

319.

သမတ္တနီတိသတ္ထညော[Pg.193], ဝါဟနေ ပူရိတဿမော;

သူရဝီရဂုဏောပေတော, သေနာဈက္ခော ဝိဓီယတေ.

Skilled in the entire science of statecraft, fully trained in the use of vehicles; endowed with heroic and brave qualities, he is designated commander of the army.

၃၂၀.

320.

သုဓီ ဝါကျပဋု, ပညော, ပရစိတ္တောပလက္ခဏော;

ဓီရော ယထာတ္ထဝါဒီ စ, ဧသ ဒူတော ဝိဓီယတေ.

Wise, skilled in speech, intelligent, discerning the minds of others; steadfast and speaking according to fact, such a one is designated an envoy.

၃၂၁.

321.

ပုတ္တနတ္တဂုဏောပေတော, သတ္ထညော ရသပါစကော;

သူရော စ ကထိနော စေဝ, သူပကာရော သ ဝုစ္စတေ.

Endowed with the qualities of a son and grandson, knowing the science, skilled in preparing flavors; brave and firm, such a one is called a cook.

၃၂၂.

322.

ဣင်္ဂိတာကာရတတ္တညော, ဗလဝါပိယဒဿနော;

အပ္ပမာဒီ သဒါ ဒက္ခော, ပတီဟာရော သ ဥစ္စတေ.

Knowing the essence of signs and expressions, strong and pleasing to behold; always diligent and skilled, he is called a gatekeeper.

၃၂၃.

323.

ဣတ္ထိမိဿေ ကုတော သီလံ, မံသဘက္ခေ ကုတော ဒယာ;

သုရာပါနေ ကုတော သစ္စံ, မဟာလောဘေ ကုတော လဇ္ဇာ;

မဟာတန္ဒေ ကုတော သိပ္ပံ, မဟာကောဓေ ကုတော ဓနံ.

Where is virtue in one who associates with women? Where is compassion in a meat-eater? Where is truth in a drunkard? Where is shame in one of great greed? Where is skill in one of great sloth? Where is wealth in one of great wrath?

၃၂၄.

324.

သုရာယောဂေါ ဝေလာလော စ, သမဇ္ဇစရဏင်္ဂတော;

ခိဍ္ဍာ ဓုတ္တော ပါပမိတ္တော, အလသော ဘောဂနာသကာ.

One addicted to liquor, a frequenter of taverns, one who resorts to festivals; a gambling cheat, one with evil friends, and a lazy person: these are destroyers of wealth.

၃၂၅.

325.

ဇီဝန္တာပိ [Pg.196] မတာ ပဉ္စ, ဗျာသေန ပရိကိတ္တိတာ;

ဒုက္ခိတော ဗျာဓိတိ မူဠှော, ဣဏဝါ နိစ္စသေဝကော.

Five are as dead though living, thus declared by Vyāsa: the afflicted, the sick, the deluded, the one in debt, and the constant servant.

၃၂၆.

326.

နိဒ္ဒါလုကော [Pg.197] ပမာဒေါ စ, သုခိတော ရောဂဝါလသော;

ကာမုကော ကမ္မာရာမော စ, သတ္တေတေ သတ္ထဝဇ္ဇိတာ.

The drowsy, the negligent, the comfort-seeker, the sick, the lazy, the lustful, and one who delights in work—these seven are devoid of learning.

၃၂၇.

327.

ဂေါဏာဟိ သဗ္ဗဂိဟီနံ, ပေါသကာ ဘောဂဒါယကော;

တသ္မာ ဟိ မာတာပိတူဝ, မာနယေ သက္ကရေယျ စ.

Indeed, cattle are the sustainers of all householders, givers of wealth; therefore, one should honor and revere them as one's mother and father.

၃၂၈.

328.

ယထာ [Pg.198] မာတာ ပိတာ ဘာတာ, အညေဝါပိ စ ဉာတကာ;

ဂါဝေါ နော ပရမာ မိတ္တာ, ယာသု ဇာယန္တိ ဩသဓာ.

Like a mother, a father, a brother, and other relatives besides, cattle are our supreme friends, from whom medicines are produced.

၃၂၉.

329.

အန္နဒါ [Pg.199] ဗလဒါ စေတာ, ဝဏ္ဏဒါ သုခဒါ တထာ;

ဧတမတ္ထဝသံ ဉတွာ, နာသု ဂါဝေါ ဟနိံသု တေ.

They are givers of food and strength, likewise givers of beauty and happiness. Knowing this beneficial reason, those ones did not kill cattle.

၃၃၀.

330.

ယေ စ ခါဒန္တိ ဂေါမံသံ, မာတုမံသံဝ ခါဒရေ;

မတေသု တေသု ဂိဇ္ဈာနံ, ဒဒေ သောတေ စ ဝါဟယေ.

Those who eat the flesh of cattle, it is as if they eat their own mother's flesh. When they are dead, they would give to the vultures, and a current would carry them away.

၃၃၁.

331.

ဒွိဂုဏော [Pg.200] ထီနမာဟာရော, ဗုဒ္ဓိစာပိ စတုဂ္ဂုဏော;

ဆဂ္ဂုဏော ဟောတိ ဝါယာမော, ကာမောတွဋ္ဌဂုဏော ဘဝေ.

A woman's appetite is twofold, and her intelligence fourfold; her exertion is sixfold, and her sensual desire is eightfold.

၃၃၂.

332.

န [Pg.201] လောကေ သောဘတေ မူဠှော, ကေဝလတ္တပသံသကော;

အပိ သမ္ပိဟိတေ ကူပေ, ကတဝိဇ္ဇော ပကာသတေ.

A fool does not shine in the world, one who only praises himself; but even in a covered well, the learned one is revealed.

၃၃၃.

333.

ကောသဇ္ဇံ ဘယတော ဒိသွာ, ဝီရိယာရမ္ဘဉ္စ ခေမတော;

အာရဒ္ဓဝီရိယာ ဟောထ, ဧသာ ဗုဒ္ဓါနုသာသနီ.

Having seen laziness as a danger, and the undertaking of energy as security; be ones who have aroused energy—this is the instruction of the Buddhas.

၃၃၄.

334.

ဝိဝါဒံ [Pg.202] ဘယတော ဒိသွာ, အဝိဝါဒဉ္စ ခေမတော;

သမဂ္ဂါ သခိလာ ဟောထ, ဧသာ ဗုဒ္ဓါနုသာသနီ.

Having seen conflict as a danger, and non-conflict as security; be united and courteous—this is the instruction of the Buddhas.

၃၃၅.

335.

ပမာဒံ ဘယတော ဒိသွာ, အပ္ပမာဒဉ္စ ခေမတော;

ဘာဝေထဋ္ဌင်္ဂိကံ မဂ္ဂံ, ဧသာ ဗုဒ္ဓါနုသာသနီ.

Having seen heedlessness as a danger, and heedfulness as security; cultivate the Eightfold Path—this is the instruction of the Buddhas.

၃၃၆.

336.

ဂရဟာ [Pg.203] စ ပသံသာ စ, အနိစ္စာ တာဝကာလိကာ;

အပ္ပကာစေကဒေသာဝ, န တာ ဣက္ခေယျ ပဏ္ဍိတော;

ဓမ္မာဓမ္မံဝ ဣက္ခေယျ, အတ္ထာနတ္ထံ ဟိတာဟိတံ.

Blame and praise are impermanent and temporary, insignificant and partial. A wise person should not heed them, but should instead discern Dhamma and not-Dhamma, benefit and harm, the wholesome and the unwholesome.

ကဝိဒပ္ပဏနီတိ

The Nīti of the Mirror for Poets

၁.

1.

ပခုက္ကူပုရသေဋ္ဌဿ[Pg.204], ပစ္ဆိမေ အာသိ ဝိဿုတော;

စတုဂါဝုတဒေသမှီ, ကနရယဂါမော သုသောဘနော.

To the west of the most excellent city of Pakhukkūpura, within a region of four gāvutas, there was a very beautiful and renowned village, Kanaraya.

၂.

2.

ဒွိနော [Pg.205] ဒွိဝေက သာကမှိ, တမှိ ဇာတေန ဇာတိယာ;

လင်္ကာဘာရတအာဒီသု, ဝုဋ္ဌပုဗ္ဗ သုတေသိနာ.

In the year 1220, by one who was born there, a seeker of learning who had previously resided in Laṅkā, Bhārata, and other lands.

၃.

3.

ဝိသုတာရာမ သီဟာနံ, သိက္ခိတေန တိပေဋကံ;

သန္တိကေ နဝဝဿာနိ, သံဂီတိကိစ္စကာရိနာ.

By one who learned the Tipiṭaka for nine years in the presence of the lions of Visutārāma, performing the duties of the recitation.

၄.

4.

ဒက္ခိဏာရာမ ဝါသီနံ, သန္တိကေပိ သုဝိညုနံ;

သိက္ခိတေန သတ္တဝီသ-ဝဿိတွာန ယသဿိနာ.

By one who, having become illustrious, trained for twenty-seven years, even in the presence of the very wise residents of Dakkhiṇārāma.

၅.

5.

သုန္ဒရေ [Pg.206] ပုရသေဋ္ဌမှိ, သုန္ဒရေ ဝိသုတေ သုဘေ;

သုန္ဒရေ ဇောတိပါလမှိ, ဝသတာ ဂဏဝါစိနာ.

By the reciter of the texts, dwelling in the beautiful, renowned, and auspicious chief city, with the beautiful Jotipāla.

၆.

6.

နိဿာယ ပေဋကေ စေဝ, အနေကနီတိ ပေါတ္ထကေ;

ဗဟုလေ ဂန္ထသေဋ္ဌေပိ, ကတောယံ ဝိဓုမာနိတော.

Relying on the Piṭakas, on many Nīti books, and also on numerous excellent treatises, this was composed, to be esteemed by the wise.

၇.

7.

တိဋ္ဌတံ [Pg.207] အယံ မေ ဂန္ထော, သုသာရော ယာဝ သာသနံ;

တိဋ္ဌတေဝ သုတေသီနံ, သုသာရံ သုပကာသယံ.

May this my book, of good essence, endure as long as the Dispensation; may it indeed endure for those who seek learning, proclaiming well a good essence.

၈.

8.

အနေန သုဝိသိဋ္ဌေန, ပုညေနညေန ကမ္မုနာ;

မနိသိဘိဂုရူဟေဝ, ဂစ္ဆေယျံ အမတံ သိဝံ.

By this excellent merit, and by other deeds as well, may I, like the sages and teachers, attain the deathless, peaceful state.

‘‘အင်္ဂါရိနော [Pg.210] ဒါနိ ဒုမာ ဘဒန္တေ’’

"Now the trees are like glowing embers, Venerable Sir."

‘‘ယထာပိ ရမ္မကော မာသော, ဂိမှာနံ ဟောတိ ဗြာဟ္မဏ;

အတေ‘ဝ’ညေဟိ မာသေဟိ, ဒုမပုမ္ဖေဟိ သောဘတိ’’.

"Just as the delightful month, O brahmin, is of the summer, so it excels other months, shining with tree blossoms."

‘‘ဝနပ္ပဂုမ္ဗေ [Pg.211] ယထဖုဿိတဂ္ဂေ,ဂိမှာန မာသေ ပဌမသ္မိံ ဂိမှေ’’ –

"In the forest thicket with treetops in full bloom, in the first month of the hot season—"

နမော တဿ ဘဂဝတော အရဟတော သမ္ဗာသမ္ဗုဒ္ဓဿ

Homage to the Blessed One, the Arahant, the Perfectly Self-Enlightened One.

ပဏာမ ပဋိညာ

Homage and Declaration

ဝတ္ထုတ္တယံ [Pg.212] နမသိတွာ, အာစေရေ ကဝိပုင်္ဂဝေ;

ကဿံ ဒွါဒသမာသာနံ, ဗန္ဓံ တမ္မာသဝသိကံ.

Having paid homage to the Triple Gem and to the teachers, chief among poets, I will compose a work concerning the twelve months, dealing with the observances appropriate for each month.

၁.

1.

စိတ္တသမ္မတမာသော [Pg.213] ဟိ, အတေဝညေဟိ သောဘတိ;

ရမ္မကမာသော ရမ္မမာသော, တေနေဝ ဝေါဟာရော ဘဝိ.

Indeed, the month called Citta excels among others; it is the delightful month, the delightful month; hence, that is the term used.

၂.

2.

တသ္မိံ သုစိတ္တမာသမှိ, နာဂဒုမာ သုပုပ္ဖရေ;

ပုပ္ဖန္တိ အသနဒုမာ, ဝါယန္တိ ကာနနေ ဟိ ဝေ.

In that beautiful month of Citta, the nāga trees are in full bloom; the asana trees blossom, and indeed the winds blow in the forest.

၃.

3.

သင်္ကန္တ မဟုဿဝေါပိ, တမှိ မာသမှိ ဝတ္တတေ;

ဂန္ဓောဒကေဟိ အညောညံ, သိဉ္စမာနာ သုမောဒရေ.

The great festival of Saṅkanta also occurs in that month; sprinkling each other with fragrant water, they greatly rejoice.

ယထာပိ [Pg.214] ရမ္မကော မာသော, ဂိမှာနံ ဟောတိ ဗြာဟ္မဏ;

အတေ‘ဝ’ညေဟိ မာသေဟိ, ဒုမပုပ္ဖေဟိ သောဘတိ.

Just as the delightful month, O brahmin, is of the summer, so it excels other months, shining with tree blossoms.

သမ္ဗုဒ္ဓေါ စိတ္တမာသဿ, ကာဠပက္ခေ ဥပေါသထေ;

ပါတောယေဝ သမာဒါယ, ပဝရံ ပတ္တစီဝရံ;

အနုကမ္ပာယ နာဂါနံ, နာဂဒီပမုပါဂမိ.

The Fully Enlightened One, in the month of Citta, on the Uposatha of the dark fortnight, having taken up his excellent bowl and robe in the morning, out of compassion for the nāgas, approached Nāgadīpa.

၄.

4.

ဝေသာခဝှယမာသော တု, သုဝိသိဋ္ဌော သုပါကဋော;

လောကဂ္ဂနာထံ ပဋိစ္စ, သန္တေဟိ အဘိလက္ခိတော.

Indeed, the month called Vesākha is truly distinguished and well-known, marked by the peaceful ones on account of the Lord of the World.

၅.

5.

တမှိ [Pg.215] ဝေသာခမာသမှိ, စမ္ပကာပိ သုပုပ္ဖရေ;

ဗောဓိံ ဒကေဟိ သိဉ္စိတွာ, သဇ္ဇနာ သမ္ပမောဒရေ.

In that month of Vesākha, even the campaka trees bloomed well; having watered the Bodhi tree with water, the virtuous rejoiced together.

၆.

6.

ဝနေသုဝ ပေါတကာပိ, ပက္ခန္ဒန္တိ ဒိသောဒိသံ;

ဝိကူဇန္တာ သဘာသာယ, ဇနသောတရသာယနံ.

Even young birds in the woods dart in every direction, singing sweetly with their own voices, a delight to the ears of the people.

ဒုတိယေ [Pg.216] ဒိဝသေ ဘတ္တ-ကာလေ အာရောစိတေ ဇိနော;

ရမ္မေ ဝေသာခမာသမှိ, ပုဏ္ဏာမာယံ မုနိဿရော.

On the second day, when mealtime was announced, the Victor, the Sage-Lord, in the delightful month of Vesākha, on the full moon day...

၇.

7.

ဇေဋ္ဌသမ္မတမာသောပိ, သောဂတဇနဗ္ဘန္တရေ;

ဝိချာတော လက္ခညော စေဝ, ဇေဋ္ဌေန သံယုတော ဟိ ဝေ.

Even the month called Jeṭṭha is renowned within the community of the Well-Gone One's followers; and indeed it is auspicious and connected with the chief star, Jeṭṭha.

၈.

8.

တသ္မိံဟိ ဇေဋ္ဌမာသမှိ, သုမနာ ဝနမလ္လိကာ;

ပုပ္ဖန္တိ စ ပဝါယန္တိ, သဗ္ဗဇနမနောဟရာ.

In that month of Jeṭṭha, the jasmine and wild jasmine flowers bloom and spread fragrance, charming the minds of all people.

၉.

9.

ပရိက္ခဏာသုသဘာပိ, အဘဝိ မြနမာမဏ္ဍလေ;

ခေတလေ ဇေဋ္ဌဇောတိပိ, ပဇ္ဇလိ တသ္မိဉှိ ဝေ.

Even an assembly for examination occurred in the Myanmar region; and indeed the Jeṭṭha light blazed in the field there.

၁၀.

10.

အာသာဠှော နာမ မာသောပိ, အတီဝ ဝိသိဋ္ဌော ဘဝိ;

ပဋိသန္ဓိံ ဂဏှိ ဗုဒ္ဓေါ, တသ္မိဉှိ မုနိ သုဓီ.

The month called Āsāḷha was also exceedingly distinguished; in that month the wise Sage, the Buddha, took conception.

၁၁.

11.

နိက္ခမိပိ စ သမ္ဗုဒ္ဓေါ, ဓမ္မစက္ကံ ပဝတ္တယိ;

ဥပသမ္ပဒကမ္မမ္ပိ, ကရောန္တိ တသ္မိံပိ ဟိ.

And the Fully Enlightened One also went forth and set in motion the Wheel of Dhamma; indeed, the act of higher ordination is also performed in that month.

၁၂.

12.

ပုန္နာဂဒုမာ ပုပ္ဖန္တိ, ပဝါယန္တိ ဒိသောဒိသံ;

အာဒိစ္စော တိဋ္ဌတိ တမှိ, ဥတ္တရာယာနကောဋိယံ.

The Punnāga trees are flowering, shedding fragrance in every direction; the sun stands there at the peak of its northern journey.

၁၃.

13.

သီဟေ [Pg.219] သာဝဏမာသမှိ, သလာကဒါနမုတ္တမံ;

ဒေန္တိ သာဓဝေါ မာနုသာ, သဒ္ဒဟန္တာ ဝတ္ထုတ္တယံ.

In the month of Sāvaṇa, when the sun is in Leo, the ticket-offering is supreme; virtuous people give, having faith in the Triple Gem.

၁၄.

14.

ပုပ္ဖန္တိ ကဋေရုဟာပိ, တမှိ သာဝဏမာသကေ;

ခေ သဝဏနက္ခတ္တမ္ပိ, အတီဝ ဇောတယီ ဟိ ဝေ.

Even the Kaṭeruha flowers bloom in that month of Sāvaṇa; and indeed the constellation of Savaṇa shone exceedingly bright in the sky.

၁၅.

15.

ဝဿဗ္ဘန္တရဘူတေ စ, သမဏာ သုဂတောရသာ;

မာသေ ဝါစနဥဂ္ဂဏှ-ကမ္မံကံသု သုခါသယာ.

And during the rainy season, the recluses, spiritual sons of the Well-Gone One, happily undertook the work of recitation and learning in that month.

၁၆.

16.

ကညာရာသိသမ္မတေဟိ[Pg.221], ပေါဋ္ဌပါဒသုမာသကေ;

နဒီသု ဒကပူရိတာ, ကဋပတ္ထတသာဒိသာ.

In the beautiful month of Poṭṭhapāda, associated with the sign of Virgo, the rivers were filled with water, resembling spread-out mats.

၁၇.

17.

နာဝါမဟာဥဿဝမ္ပိ, ကရောန္တိ မာနုဇာ တဒါ;

ကီဠန္တိ သမ္ပမောဒန္တိ, ဝိဇိတေ နရ နာရိယော.

People then hold great boat festivals; men and women in the kingdom play and rejoice.

၁၈.

18.

ကဉ္စနယမဒုမာပိ, ဝိကသန္တိ တဒါ ဟိ ဝေ;

မေဃော ထောကံ ထောကံ ဟိမံ, ဝဿတိ ပတတိပိ စ.

Indeed, even the golden Yamaduka trees blossom then; the cloud rains a little, a little, and frost also falls.

၁၉.

19.

ဝဿိကေ [Pg.222] အဿယုဇိမှိ, ဝိကသန္တိ အနေကဓာ;

ပဒုမာဒိဒကဇာနိ, ပုပ္ဖာနိ မနုညာနိ ဝေ.

In the rainy month of Assayuja, various delightful, water-born flowers, such as lotuses, indeed bloom.

၂၀.

20.

မဟာပဒီပပန္တီဟိ, သကလမြနမာဘူတလေ;

ပူဇေန္တိ လောကဂ္ဂနာထံ, သာဓဝေါ သောဂတာဇနာ.

With rows of great lamps, upon the entire land of Myanmar, the virtuous followers of the Sugata worship the Foremost Lord of the World.

၂၁.

21.

တပေါဓနာ ဝိစရန္တိ, ဝဿံဝုဋ္ဌာ ဒိသောဒိသံ;

သာဓဝေါ ဒါနသောဏ္ဍာဝ, သီတာယန္တိ သုခန္တိ စ.

The ascetics, rich in austerity, having completed the rains-retreat, wander in all directions; like the virtuous who delight in giving, they become cool and are happy.

၂၂.

22.

ကတ္တိကမာသသေဋ္ဌေပိ[Pg.223], သမ္ပမောဒန္တိ မာနုဇာ;

ကောသီတကီပုပ္ဖာနိ စ, ဝိကသန္တိ ဝါယန္တိ စ.

Even in the excellent month of Kattika, people greatly rejoice; and Kosītakī flowers bloom and spread their fragrance.

၂၃.

23.

ကထိနမဟာဒါနမ္ပိ, ဒဒန္တိ သာဓဝေါ ဇနာ;

တဒါ စန္ဒကိရဏောပိ, အတီဝ ပဇ္ဇောတော အဟု.

Virtuous people give the great Kathina offering; then even the light of the moon became exceedingly bright.

၂၄.

24.

အဟောသိ ဟိမပါတော စ, ဥတ္တရဝါတော ပဝါယတိ;

ကတ္တိကဇောတိဆဏောပိ, အဟောသိ တသ္မိဉှိ ဝေ.

And there was a fall of frost, and the north wind blows; indeed, the festival of lights of Kattika also occurred then.

၂၅.

25.

ဓနုရာသီမာဂသိရ[Pg.224], မာသေ ဟေမန္တသမ္မတေ;

သတ္တိဓရသုပူဇာဝှ, သဘာပိ သမ္ပဝတ္တိတာ.

In the month of Māgasira, in the sign of Dhanu, considered the winter season, the excellent worship called Sattidhara and an assembly also took place.

၂၆.

26.

ဒေဝသမ္မတပုပ္ဖာနိ, မနုညရုစိရာနိပိ;

ပုပ္ဖန္တိ တမှိ မာသမှိ, ဟိမပါတော အဟောသိ စ.

Flowers esteemed by the gods, delightful and charming, bloom in that month; and there was a fall of frost.

၂၇.

27.

ဝီဟယော ဟောန္တိ ပက္ကာ စ, ခေတ္တေသု မြနမာဘူတလေ;

မိဂသိရနက္ခတ္တမ္ပိ, ဇောတေတိ အာကာသင်္ဂဏေ.

And the rice becomes ripe in the fields on the land of Myanmar; the constellation Migasira also shines in the courtyard of the sky.

၂၈.

28.

မကာရေ [Pg.225] ဖုဿမာသေပိ, ပုပ္ဖန္တိ ပဝါယန္တိ စ;

သုနီလဝလ္လိပုပ္ဖာနိ, ဇနမနောဟရာနိပိ.

In the month of Phussa, in the sign of Makara, the flowers of the beautiful blue creepers bloom and spread their fragrance, enchanting the minds of the people.

၂၉.

29.

သေနာဗျူဟမ္ပိ [Pg.226] ကရောန္တိ, ဘူပါလာ မြနမာရဋ္ဌိကာ;

သပရိသာ ဥဒိက္ခန္တိ, ဟတ္ထိအဿာဒိအာဒယော.

The kings of the Myanmar region also arrange military parades; with their retinues, they watch the elephants, horses, and so forth.

၃၀.

30.

တမှိသီ အတိသီတလမ္ပိ, ဒက္ခိဏာယနကောဋိယံ;

အဋ္ဌာပုဏ္ဏမဒိနမှိ, သူရိယော လောကမာနိတော.

At the peak of the southern solstice, on the full moon day of Aṭṭha, although it is extremely cold at that time, the sun is honored by the world.

ဗောဓိတော နဝမေ မာသေ, ဖုဿပုဏ္ဏမိယံ ဇိနော;

လံကာဒီပံ ဝိသောဓေတုံ, လင်္ကာဒီပမုပါဂမိ.

In the ninth month after his enlightenment, on the full moon day of Phussa, the Victor came to the island of Lanka in order to purify it.

၃၁.

31.

ကုမ္ဘေသု [Pg.227] မာဃမာသေဟိ, တူလဒုမာ သုပုပ္ဖရေ;

ပုမ္တာလာ မဓုရရသံ, မာနုဇာနံ ဒဒန္တိ စ.

In the month of Māgha, in the sign of Kumbha, the cotton trees bloom beautifully; and the male palmyra palms give sweet juice to the people.

၃၂.

32.

ယာဂုမဟာဥဿဝေါပိ, ပါကဋော မြနမာဘူတလေ;

အဝသေသသု မေဃောပိ, ထနယံ အဘိဝဿတိ.

A great festival of gruel is also manifest on the land of Myanmar; and the remaining clouds, thundering, rain down.

၃၃.

33.

နရနာရီ မနုညာနိ, ပဒရာနိ ပဏ္ဍာနိ စ;

ပုစိမန္ဒဒုမာ နဝ-ပတ္တာနိ ဓာရေန္တိပိ စ.

Men and women wear charming garments and fine cloths; and the Pucimanda trees also bear new leaves.

၃၄.

34.

မိနေ [Pg.228] ဖဂ္ဂုဏမာသမှိ, သုရဘိဂန္ဓိကာ သုဘာ;

ပုပ္ဖန္တိ ဝနမှိ ဒုမာ, နဝပတ္တေဟိ သောဘရေ.

In the month of Phagguna, in the sign of Mīna, beautiful and fragrant trees bloom in the forest, resplendent with new leaves.

၃၅.

35.

ဒက္ခိဏဒေသတော တမှိ, ဝါတော ပဝါယတိ ဟိ ဝေ;

ဝါဠုကပိဋ္ဌေ ဝါလုက-ထူပေ ကတွာန ပူဇယျုံ.

At that time, the wind indeed blows from the southern direction; having made stupas of sand on the sandy ground, they worship them.

၃၆.

36.

ပထမဂိမှ မာသမှိ, နာနာဒုမာတိ ပုပ္ဖရေ;

တေန သဗ္ဗမ္ပိ ဝိပိနံ, ဝိစိတ္တံ ဒဿနိယဉှိ ဝေ.

In the first month of summer, various trees bloom profusely; thus, the entire forest becomes variegated and truly delightful to behold.

ဝိသုတေ ဇောတိပါလမှိ, ဝိသုတမှိ နိကေတနေ;

ဝသတာ နေကဂန္ထာနံ, လေခကေန ကတော အယံ.

This was composed by a scribe, learned in many texts, while residing in the renowned dwelling of the famous Jotīpāla.