. နမော တဿ ဘဂဝတော အရဟတော သမ္မာသမ္ဗုဒ္ဓဿ.

Homage to the Blessed One, the Arahant, the Perfectly Self-Enlightened One.

အင်္ဂုတ္တရနိကာယေ

The Numerical Discourses

ပဉ္စကနိပါတ-ဋီကာ

The Book of the Fives—Subcommentary

၁. ပဌမပဏ္ဏာသကံ

1. The First Fifty

၁. သေခဗလဝဂ္ဂေါ

1. The Chapter on the Powers of a Learner

၁. သံခိတ္တသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

1. Commentary on the Concise Discourse

၁. ပဉ္စကနိပါတဿ [Pg.1] ပဌမေ ကာမံ သမ္ပယုတ္တဓမ္မေသု ထိရဘာဝေါပိ ဗလဋ္ဌော ဧဝ, ပဋိပက္ခေဟိ ပန အကမ္ပနီယတ္တံ သာတိသယံ ဗလဋ္ဌောတိ ဝုတ္တံ – ‘‘အဿဒ္ဓိယေ န ကမ္ပတီ’’တိ.

1. In the first [discourse] of the Book of the Fives, indeed, even steadfastness in associated states is a strength, but unshakability by opposing factors is said to be strength in the highest degree—"he is unshaken by lack of faith."

သံခိတ္တသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Concise Discourse is concluded.

၂-၆. ဝိတ္ထတသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

Commentary on the Extensive Discourses, etc.

၂-၆. ဒုတိယေ ဟိရီယတီတိ လဇ္ဇတိ ဝိရဇ္ဇတိ. ယသ္မာ ဟိရီ ပါပဇိဂုစ္ဆနလက္ခဏာ, တသ္မာ ‘‘ဇိဂုစ္ဆတီတိ အတ္ထော’’တိ ဝုတ္တံ. ဩတ္တပ္ပတီတိ ဥတြသတိ. ပါပုတြာသလက္ခဏဉှိ ဩတ္တပ္ပံ.

In the second [discourse], "is ashamed" means one is ashamed and shrinks back. Since shame is characterized by disgust at evil, it is said, "the meaning is 'is disgusted.'" "Is apprehensive" means one is terrified. For apprehension has the characteristic of fear of evil.

ပဂ္ဂဟိတဝီရိယောတိ [Pg.2] သင်္ကောစံ အနာပန္နဝီရိယော. တေနာဟ ‘‘အနောသက္ကိတမာနသော’’တိ. ပဟာနတ္ထာယာတိ သမုစ္ဆိန္နတ္ထာယ. ကုသလာနံ ဓမ္မာနံ ဥပသမ္ပဒါ နာမ သမဓိဂမော ဧဝါတိ အာဟ ‘‘ပဋိလာဘတ္ထာယာ’’တိ.

"One with aroused energy" means energy free from contraction. Hence it is said, "with a mind unretreating." "For the sake of abandoning" means for the sake of complete destruction. The attainment of wholesome qualities means acquisition itself. Hence it is said, "for the sake of acquisition."

ဂတိအတ္ထာ ဓာတုသဒ္ဒါ ဗုဒ္ဓိအတ္ထာ ဟောန္တီတိ အာဟ ‘‘ဥဒယဉ္စ ဝယဉ္စ ပဋိဝိဇ္ဈိတုံ သမတ္ထာယာ’’တိ. မိဿကနယေနာယံ ဒေသနာ ဂတာတိ အာဟ ‘‘ဝိက္ခမ္ဘနဝသေန စ သမုစ္ဆေဒဝသေန စာ’’တိ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဝိပဿနာပညာယ စေဝ မဂ္ဂပညာယ စာ’’တိ. ဝိပဿနာပညာယ ဝိက္ခမ္ဘနကိရိယတော သာ စ ခေါ ပဒေသိကာတိ နိပ္ပဒေသိကံ ကတွာ ဒဿေတုံ ‘‘မဂ္ဂပညာယ ပဋိလာဘသံဝတ္တနတော’’တိ ဝုတ္တံ. ဒုက္ခက္ခယဂါမိနိဘာဝေပိ ဧသေဝ နယော. သမ္မာတိ ယာထာဝတော. အကုပ္ပဓမ္မတာယ ဟိ မဂ္ဂပညာယ ခေပိတံ ခေပိတမေဝ, နာဿ ပုန ခေပနကိစ္စံ အတ္ထီတိ ဥပါယေန ဉာယေန သာ ပဝတ္တတီတိ အာဟ ‘‘ဟေတုနာ နယေနာ’’တိ. တတိယာဒီသု နတ္ထိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗံ.

Root-words that mean 'going' also mean 'understanding'; hence it is said, 'for the power to penetrate arising and passing away.' This teaching is presented in a mixed manner. Hence it is said, 'both by suppression and by eradication.' Therefore, it is said, 'by insight-wisdom and by path-wisdom.' Though insight-wisdom performs the function of suppression, it is localized. To show it as complete, it is said, 'because it leads to the attainment of path-wisdom.' The same principle applies to its leading to the destruction of suffering. 'Rightly' means according to reality. For what is eliminated by the unshakable path-wisdom is truly eliminated; there is no further need for eliminating it. It proceeds with means and method; hence it is said, 'by cause and by method.' There is nothing further to say about the third and following.

ဝိတ္ထတသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Extensive Discourses, etc., is concluded.

၇. ကာမသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

7. Commentary on the Discourse on Sensuality

၇. သတ္တမေ အသန္တိ လူနန္တိ တေနာတိ အသိတံ, ဒါတ္တံ. ဝိဝိဓာ အာဘဉ္ဇန္တိ ဘာရံ ဩလမ္ဗေန္တိ တေနာတိ ဗျာဘင်္ဂီ, ဝိဓံ. ကုလပုတ္တောတိ ဧတ္ထ ဒုဝိဓော ကုလပုတ္တော ဇာတိကုလပုတ္တော, အာစာရကုလပုတ္တော စ. တတ္ထ ‘‘တေန ခေါ ပန သမယေန ရဋ္ဌပါလော နာမ ကုလပုတ္တော တသ္မိံယေဝ ထုလ္လကောဋ္ဌိကေ အဂ္ဂကုလိကဿ ပုတ္တော’’တိ (မ. နိ. ၂.၂၉၄) ဧဝံ အာဂတော ဥစ္စကုလပ္ပသုတော ဇာတိကုလပုတ္တော နာမ. ‘‘ယေ တေ ကုလပုတ္တာ သဒ္ဓါ အဂါရသ္မာ အနဂါရိယံ ပဗ္ဗဇိတာ’’တိ (မ. နိ. ၁.၃၄) ဧဝံ အာဂတာ ပန ယတ္ထ ကတ္ထစိ ကုလေ ပသုတာပိ အာစာရသမ္ပန္နာ အာစာရကုလပုတ္တော နာမ. ဣဓ ပန အာစာရကုလပုတ္တော အဓိပ္ပေတော. တေနာဟ ‘‘ကုလပုတ္တောတိ အာစာရကုလပုတ္တော’’တိ. ယုတ္တန္တိ အနုစ္ဆဝိကံ, ဧဝံ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗတံ အရဟတီတိ အတ္ထော. သေသမေတ္ထ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

7. In the seventh [discourse], asitaṃ and dāttaṃ: because they cut (asanti, lūnanti) with it, it is called asitaṃ or dāttaṃ (sickle). Byābhaṅgī and vidhaṃ: because they bend in various ways (vividhā ābhañjanti) or make a load hang down (bhāraṃ olambenti) with it, it is called byābhaṅgī or vidhaṃ (carrying pole). 'Kulaputto' (son of a good family) here refers to two types: jātikulaputto (son of a good family by birth) and ācārakulaputto (son of a good family by conduct). In this context, the passage "At that time, Raṭṭhapāla, a son of a good family, was the son of the chief family in Thullakoṭṭhika" (MN 2.294) refers to one born into a high family, called jātikulaputto. On the other hand, the passage "Those sons of good families who, out of faith, have gone forth from the household life into homelessness" (MN 1.34) refers to those born in any family but endowed with good conduct, called ācārakulaputto. Here, ācārakulaputto is intended. Hence it is stated, "‘Kulaputto’ means ācārakulaputto." 'Yuttaṃ' means suitable, appropriate (anucchavikaṃ), signifying that it is fitting to be said thus. The remainder here is clear.

ကာမသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Discourse on Sensuality is concluded.

၈. စဝနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

8. Commentary on the Discourse on Passing Away

၈. အဋ္ဌမေ [Pg.3] သဒ္ဓါယာတိ ဣမိနာ အဓိဂမသဒ္ဓါ ဒဿိတာ. စတုဗ္ဗိဓာ ဟိ သဒ္ဓါ – အာဂမနီယသဒ္ဓါ, အဓိဂမသဒ္ဓါ, ပသာဒသဒ္ဓါ, ဩကပ္ပနသဒ္ဓါတိ. တတ္ထ အာဂမနီယသဒ္ဓါ သဗ္ဗညုဗောဓိသတ္တာနံ ပဝတ္တာ ဟောတိ. အာဂမနီယပ္ပဋိပဒါယ အာဂတာ ဟိ သဒ္ဓါ သာတိသယာ မဟာဗောဓိသတ္တာနံ ပရောပဒေသေန ဝိနာ သဒ္ဓေယျဝတ္ထုံ အဝိပရီတတော ဂဟေတွာ အဓိမုစ္စနတော. သစ္စပ္ပဋိဝေဓတော အာဂတသဒ္ဓါ အဓိဂမသဒ္ဓါ သုပ္ပဗုဒ္ဓါဒီနံ ဝိယ. ‘‘သမ္မာသမ္ဗုဒ္ဓေါ ဘဂဝါ’’တိအာဒိနာ ဗုဒ္ဓါဒီသု ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇနကပ္ပသာဒေါ ပသာဒသဒ္ဓါ မဟာကပ္ပိနရာဇာဒီနံ ဝိယ. ‘‘ဧဝမေတ’’န္တိ ဩက္ကန္ဒိတွာ ပက္ခန္ဒိတွာ သဒ္ဒဟနဝသေန ကပ္ပနံ ဩကပ္ပနံ, တဒေဝ သဒ္ဓါတိ ဩကပ္ပနသဒ္ဓါ. တတ္ထ ပသာဒသဒ္ဓါ ပရနေယျရူပါ ဟောတိ, သဝနမတ္တေနပိ ပသီဒနတော. ဩကပ္ပနသဒ္ဓါ သဒ္ဓေယျံ ဝတ္ထုံ ဩဂါဟိတွာ အနုပဝိသိတွာ ‘‘ဧဝမေတ’’န္တိ ပစ္စက္ခံ ကရောန္တီ ဝိယ ပဝတ္တတိ.

8. In the eighth [discourse], by "faith" the faith of attainment is shown. For faith is fourfold: faith as tradition, faith as attainment, faith as serenity, and faith as conviction. Among these, faith as tradition occurs among the all-knowing bodhisattas. It is the faith that arises through the practice leading to tradition, which is extraordinary for the great bodhisattas, who, without relying on others' instruction, grasp the object of faith correctly and become resolved. Faith that arises from the realization of truth is the faith of attainment, as seen in Suppabuddha and others. The faith as serenity arises in relation to the Buddha and others, with thoughts like "The Blessed One is fully enlightened," as seen in the great king Kappina and others. Faith as conviction is when one accepts, assents, and firmly believes, thinking, "It is thus." This very faith is called faith as conviction. Among these, faith as serenity is for those who need guidance, for it brings serenity merely upon hearing. Faith as conviction operates by immersing in and penetrating the object of faith, settling into it and making it evident, as if seen directly.

စဝနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Discourse on Passing Away is concluded.

၉. ပဌမအဂါရဝသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

9. Commentary on the First Discourse on Irreverence

၉. နဝမေ အပ္ပတိဿယောတိ အပ္ပတိဿဝေါ ဝ-ကာရဿ ယ-ကာရံ ကတွာ နိဒ္ဒေသော. ဂရုနာ ကိသ္မိဉ္စိ ဝုတ္တော ဂါရဝဝသေန ပတိဿဝနံ, ပတိဿဝေါ, ပတိဿဝဘူတံ, တံသဘာဝဉ္စ ယံ ကိဉ္စိ ဂါရဝံ. နတ္ထိ ဧတသ္မိံ ပတိဿဝေါတိ အပ္ပတိဿဝေါ, ဂါရဝဝိရဟိတော. တေနာဟ ‘‘အဇေဋ္ဌကော အနီစဝုတ္တီ’’တိ.

9. In the ninth [discourse], 'appatissaya' means 'appatissava'; this is an explanation made by changing the letter 'va' to 'ya'. When something is said by a teacher, 'patissava' is the assenting out of reverence; it is compliance, the state of being compliant, and any reverence of that nature. One in whom there is no such compliance is 'appatissavo' (non-compliant), one devoid of reverence. Therefore, it is said: 'not having a senior, not acting humbly'.

ပဌမအဂါရဝသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the First Discourse on Irreverence is concluded.

၁၀. ဒုတိယအဂါရဝသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

10. Commentary on the Second Discourse on Disrespect

၁၀. ဒသမေ ဝုဒ္ဓိန္တိအာဒီသု သီလေန ဝုဒ္ဓိံ, မဂ္ဂေန ဝိရုဠှိံ, နိဗ္ဗာနေန ဝေပုလ္လံ. သီလသမာဓီဟိ ဝါ ဝုဒ္ဓိံ, ဝိပဿနာမဂ္ဂေဟိ ဝိရုဠှိံ, ဖလနိဗ္ဗာနေဟိ ဝေပုလ္လံ. ဧတ္ထ စ ယဿ စတုဗ္ဗိဓံ သီလံ အခဏ္ဍာဒိဘာဝပ္ပဝတ္တိယာ သုပရိသုဒ္ဓံ ဝိသေသဘာဂိယတ္တာ အပ္ပကသိရေနေဝ မဂ္ဂဖလာဝဟံ သံဃရက္ခိတတ္ထေရဿ ဝိယ, သော တာဒိသေန သီလေန ဣမသ္မိံ ဓမ္မဝိနယေ ဝုဒ္ဓိံ [Pg.4] အာပဇ္ဇိဿတိ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ – ‘‘သီလေန ဝုဒ္ဓိ’’န္တိ. ယဿ ပန အရိယမဂ္ဂေါ ဥပ္ပန္နော, သော ဝိရူဠှမူလော ဝိယ ပါဒပေါ သုပ္ပတိဋ္ဌိတတ္တာ သာသနေ ဝိရူဠှိံ အာပန္နော နာမ ဟောတိ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ – ‘‘မဂ္ဂေန ဝိရူဠှိ’’န္တိ. ယော သဗ္ဗကိလေသနိဗ္ဗာနပ္ပတ္တော, သော အရဟာ သီလာဒိဓမ္မက္ခန္ဓပါရိပူရိယာ သတိ ဝေပုလ္လပ္ပတ္တော ဟောတိ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘နိဗ္ဗာနေန ဝေပုလ္လ’’န္တိ. ဒုတိယဝိကပ္ပေ အတ္ထော ဝုတ္တနယာနုသာရေန ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော.

10. In the tenth [discourse], in the phrase 'growth,' etc., growth is by virtue, flourishing is by the path, and abundance is by Nibbāna. Alternatively, growth is by virtue and concentration, flourishing is by the insight paths, and abundance is by fruition and Nibbāna. Here, for one whose fourfold virtue is supremely pure due to its being unbroken, etc., and because it is conducive to distinction, it leads effortlessly to the path and fruition, like for the Elder Saṅgharakkhita; such a person will attain growth in this Dhamma-Vinaya through such virtue. Therefore it is said: 'growth by virtue.' But for one in whom the Noble Path has arisen, like a tree with well-established roots, they are said to have attained flourishing in the Dispensation because of its firm establishment. Therefore it is said: 'flourishing by the path.' One who has attained the Nibbāna of all defilements, that arahant, attains abundance through the complete fulfillment of the aggregates of virtue and other qualities. Therefore it is said: 'abundance by Nibbāna.' In the second alternative, the meaning should be understood in accordance with the method explained.

ဒုတိယအဂါရဝသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Second Discourse on Disrespect is concluded.

သေခဗလဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Chapter on the Powers of a Trainee is concluded.

၂. ဗလဝဂ္ဂေါ

2. The Chapter on Powers

၁. အနနုဿုတသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

1. Commentary on the Discourse on the Unheard

၁၁. ဒုတိယဿ ပဌမေ အဘိဇာနိတွာတိ အဘိဝိသိဋ္ဌေန ဉာဏေန ဇာနိတွာ. အဋ္ဌဟိ ကာရဏေဟိ တထာဂတဿာတိ ‘‘တထာ အာဂတောတိ တထာဂတော. တထာ ဂတောတိ တထာဂတော. တထလက္ခဏံ အာဂတောတိ တထာဂတော. တထဓမ္မေ ယာထာဝတော အဘိသမ္ဗုဒ္ဓေါတိ တထာဂတော. တထဒဿိတာယ တထာဂတော. တထာဝါဒိတာယ တထာဂတော. တထာကာရိတာယ တထာဂတော. အဘိဘဝနဋ္ဌေန တထာဂတော’’တိ ဧဝံ ဝုတ္တေဟိ အဋ္ဌဟိ ကာရဏေဟိ. ဥသဘဿ ဣဒန္တိ အာသဘံ, သေဋ္ဌဋ္ဌာနံ. တေနာဟ ‘‘အာသဘံ ဌာနန္တိ သေဋ္ဌဋ္ဌာန’’န္တိ. ပရတော ဒဿိတဗလယောဂေန ‘‘ဒသဗလောဟ’’န္တိ အဘီတနာဒံ နဒတိ. ဗြဟ္မစက္ကန္တိ ဧတ္ထ သေဋ္ဌပရိယာယော. ဗြဟ္မသဒ္ဒေါတိ အာဟ ‘‘သေဋ္ဌစက္က’’န္တိ. စက္ကဉ္စေတံ ဓမ္မစက္ကံ အဓိပ္ပေတံ.

11. In the first [discourse] of the second [section], 'having known thoroughly' means knowing with superior wisdom. The [explanation] of 'Tathāgata' is by eight reasons: 'Because he has come thus, he is the Tathāgata. Because he has gone thus, he is the Tathāgata. Because he has arrived at the true characteristic, he is the Tathāgata. Because he has fully awakened to the realities in their actuality, he is the Tathāgata. Because of his showing things as they are, he is the Tathāgata. Because of his speaking things as they are, he is the Tathāgata. Because of his doing things as they are, he is the Tathāgata. By reason of his overcoming, he is the Tathāgata.' Thus it is stated for eight reasons. 'This of the bull' means āsabha, the supreme position. Therefore it is said: 'the āsabha position means the supreme position.' By virtue of the strength demonstrated subsequently, he roars the fearless roar, 'I possess the ten powers.' 'Brahmacakka' here is a synonym for 'supreme'. Because of the word 'brahma', it is said 'supreme wheel'. And this wheel is intended to be the Dhamma-wheel.

အနနုဿုတသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Discourse on the Unheard is concluded.

၃. သံခိတ္တသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

3. Commentary on the Concise Discourse.

၁၃. တတိယေ ကာမံ သမ္ပယုတ္တဓမ္မေသု ထိရဘာဝေါပိ ဗလဋ္ဌော ဧဝ, ပဋိပက္ခေဟိ ပန အကမ္ပနီယတ္တံ သာတိသယံ ဗလဋ္ဌောတိ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘မုဋ္ဌဿစ္စေ န ကမ္ပတီ’’တိ.

13. In the third [discourse], although even stability in associated states is indeed a manifestation of strength, yet the unshakeability by opposing factors is an especially strong manifestation of strength, as it is said, 'He does not waver in the face of unmindfulness and lack of clear comprehension.'

သံခိတ္တသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Concise Discourse is concluded.

၄. ဝိတ္ထတသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

4. Commentary on the Expanded Discourse.

၁၄. စတုတ္ထေ [Pg.5] သတိနေပက္ကေနာတိ သတိယာ နေပက္ကေန, တိက္ခဝိသဒသူရဘာဝေနာတိ အတ္ထော. အဋ္ဌကထာယံ ပန နေပက္ကံ နာမ ပညာတိ အဓိပ္ပာယေန ‘‘နေပက္ကံ ဝုစ္စတိ ပညာ’’တိ ဝုတ္တံ. ဧဝံ သတိ အညော နိဒ္ဒိဋ္ဌော နာမ ဟောတိ. သတိမာတိ စ ဣမိနာ သဝိသေသာ သတိ ဂဟိတာတိ ပရတောပိ ‘‘စိရကတမ္ပိ စိရဘာသိတမ္ပိ သရိတာ အနုဿရိတာ’’တိ သတိကိစ္စမေဝ နိဒ္ဒိဋ္ဌံ, န ပညာကိစ္စံ, တသ္မာ သတိနေပက္ကေနာတိ သတိယာ နေပက္ကဘာဝေနာတိ သက္ကာ ဝိညာတုံ လဗ္ဘတေဝ. ပစ္စယဝိသေသဝသေန အညဓမ္မနိရပေက္ခော သတိယာ ဗလဝဘာဝေါ. တထာ ဟိ ဉာဏဝိပ္ပယုတ္တစိတ္တေနပိ သဇ္ဈာယနသမ္မသနာနိ သမ္ဘဝန္တိ.

14. In the fourth [discourse], 'with mindfulness and skill' means with the skill of mindfulness, the meaning being by being sharp, clear, and courageous. In the commentary, however, 'skill' is called wisdom, with the intention that 'skill is called wisdom' has been stated. Thus, in that case, another [meaning] is specifically defined. And by 'mindful,' a distinctive mindfulness is grasped, as elsewhere it is also specifically defined as the function of mindfulness itself, not the function of wisdom, when it is said: 'remembering and recollecting what was done long ago and spoken long ago.' Therefore, 'with mindfulness and skill' can indeed be understood as the state of mindfulness being skillful. Through the distinction of conditions, the strength of mindfulness is independent of other phenomena. For thus, even with a consciousness dissociated from knowledge, recitation and reflection can occur.

စိရကတမ္ပီတိ အတ္တနာ ဝါ ပရေန ဝါ ကာယေန စိရကတံ စေတိယင်္ဂဏဝတ္တာဒိမဟာဝတ္တပ္ပဋိပတ္တိပူရဏံ. စိရဘာသိတမ္ပီတိ အတ္တနာ ဝါ ပရေန ဝါ ဝါစာယ စိရဘာသိတံ သက္ကစ္စံ ဥဒ္ဒိသနဥဒ္ဒိသာပနဓမ္မာသာရဏဓမ္မဒေသနာဥပနိသိန္နကပရိကထာအနုမောဒနီယာဒိဝသေန ပဝတ္တိတံ ဝစီကမ္မံ. သရိတာ အနုဿရိတာတိ တသ္မိံ ကာယေန စိရကတေ ကာယော နာမ ကာယဝိညတ္တိ, စိရဘာသိတေ ဝါစာ နာမ ဝစီဝိညတ္တိ, တဒုဘယမ္ပိ ရူပံ, တံသမုဋ္ဌာပကာ စိတ္တစေတသိကာ အရူပံ. ဣတိ ဣမေ ရူပါရူပဓမ္မာ ဧဝံ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇိတွာ ဧဝံ နိရုဒ္ဓါတိ သရတိ စေဝ အနုဿရတိ စ, သတိသမ္ဗောဇ္ဈင်္ဂံ သမုဋ္ဌာပေတီတိ အတ္ထော. ဗောဇ္ဈင်္ဂသမုဋ္ဌာပိကာ ဟိ သတိ ဣဓ အဓိပ္ပေတာ. တာယ သတိယာ ဧသ သကိံ သရဏေန သရိတာ, ပုနပ္ပုနံ သရဏေန အနုဿရိတာတိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ.

'What was done long ago' refers to the fulfillment of the practice of great duties, such as tending to shrine grounds, performed long ago by oneself or others through bodily action. 'What was spoken long ago' refers to verbal actions performed long ago by oneself or others through speech, such as careful recitation, causing others to recite, sharing the essence of the Dhamma, Dhamma talks, seated conversations, and expressions of rejoicing, and so forth. 'Remembering and recollecting' means that in those long-ago bodily actions, the body, that is, bodily intimation, and in long-ago speech, speech, that is, verbal intimation, are both form. The consciousness and mental factors that produce them are formless. Thus, one remembers and recollects that these material and immaterial phenomena have arisen in such a way and ceased in such a way, thereby arousing the enlightenment factor of mindfulness—this is the meaning. For mindfulness that arouses the enlightenment factors is intended here. By that mindfulness, it should be understood that one 'remembers' by recollecting once, and one 'recollects' by recollecting again and again.

ဝိတ္ထတသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Expanded Discourse is concluded.

၅-၁၀. ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

5-10. Commentary on the Daṭṭhabba Sutta, etc.

၁၅-၂၀. ပဉ္စမေ သဝိသယသ္မိံယေဝါတိ အတ္တနော အတ္တနော ဝိသယေ ဧဝ. လောကိယလောကုတ္တရဓမ္မေ ကထေတုန္တိ လောကိယဓမ္မေ လောကုတ္တရဓမ္မေ စ တေန တေန ပဝတ္တိဝိသေသေန ကထေတုံ. စတူသု သောတာပတ္တိယင်္ဂေသူတိ သပ္ပုရိသသံသေဝေါ သဒ္ဓမ္မဿဝနံ ယောနိသောမနသိကာရော ဓမ္မာနုဓမ္မပ္ပဋိပတ္တီတိ ဣမေသု စတူသု သောတာပတ္တိမဂ္ဂကာရဏေသု. ကာမဉ္စ တေသု သတိအာဒယောပိ ဓမ္မာ ဣစ္ဆိတဗ္ဗာဝ တေဟိ ဝိနာ တေသံ အသမ္ဘဝတော[Pg.6], တထာပိ စေတ္ထ သဒ္ဓါ ဝိသေသတော ကိစ္စကာရီတိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ. သဒ္ဓေါ ဧဝ ဟိ သပ္ပုရိသေ ပယိရုပါသတိ, သဒ္ဓမ္မံ သုဏာတိ, ယောနိသော စ အနိစ္စာဒိတော မနသိ ကရောတိ, အရိယမဂ္ဂဿ စ အနုဓမ္မံ ပဋိပဇ္ဇတိ, တသ္မာ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘ဧတ္ထ သဒ္ဓါဗလံ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗ’’န္တိ. ဣမိနာ နယေန သေသဗလေသုပိ အတ္ထော ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗော.

In the fifth, “in their own spheres” means in their respective spheres. “To speak of worldly and supramundane phenomena” means to discuss worldly and supramundane phenomena according to their various modes of occurrence. “In the four factors of stream-entry” refers to these four causes of the stream-entry path: associating with good people, listening to the true Dhamma, wise attention, and practicing in accordance with the Dhamma. And though mindfulness and other qualities should also be desired in them, since without them those factors are impossible, even so, here faith especially should be understood as the active agent. For it is the faithful who associate with good people, listen to the true Dhamma, wisely attend to impermanence, etc., and practice in accordance with the Dhamma of the noble path. Therefore, it is said, “Here, the power of faith is to be seen.” In this way, the meaning should be seen in the remaining powers as well.

စတူသု သမ္မပ္ပဓာနေသူတိ စတုဗ္ဗိဓသမ္မပ္ပဓာနဘာဝနာယ. စတူသု သတိပဋ္ဌာနေသူတိအာဒီသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော. ဧတ္ထ စ သောတာပတ္တိအင်္ဂေသု သဒ္ဓါ ဝိယ, သမ္မပ္ပဓာနဘာဝနာယ ဝီရိယံ ဝိယ စ သတိပဋ္ဌာနဘာဝနာယ ယသ္မာ ‘‘ဝိနေယျ လောကေ အဘိဇ္ဈာဒေါမနဿ’’န္တိ (ဒီ. နိ. ၂.၃၇၃; မ. နိ. ၁.၁၀၆) ဝစနတော ပုဗ္ဗဘာဂေ ကိစ္စတော သတိ အဓိကာ ဣစ္ဆိတဗ္ဗာ, ဧဝံ သမာဓိကမ္မိကဿ သမာဓိ, ‘‘အရိယသစ္စဘာဝနာ ပညာဘာဝနာ’’တိ ကတွာ တတ္ထ ပညာ ပုဗ္ဗဘာဂေ အဓိကာ ဣစ္ဆိတဗ္ဗာတိ ပါကဋောယမတ္ထော. အဓိဂမက္ခဏေ ပန သမာဓိပညာနံ ဝိယ သဗ္ဗေသမ္ပိ ဗလာနံ သဒ္ဓါဒီနံ သမတာဝ ဣစ္ဆိတဗ္ဗာ. တထာ ဟိ ‘‘ဧတ္ထ သဒ္ဓါဗလ’’န္တိအာဒိနာ တတ္ထ တတ္ထ ဧတ္ထဂ္ဂဟဏံ ကတံ.

“In the four right efforts” refers to the development of the fourfold right efforts. The same method applies to “the four foundations of mindfulness” and so on. Here, just as faith is predominant among the factors of stream-entry, and energy is predominant in the development of right effort, so too in the development of the foundations of mindfulness, because it is said, “having subdued covetousness and displeasure in regard to the world” (DN 2.373; MN 1.106), mindfulness should be desired as predominant in function in the preliminary stage. Similarly, for one whose work is concentration, concentration should be desired as predominant. Since it is held that “the development of the noble truths is the development of wisdom,” wisdom should be desired as predominant in the preliminary stage. This meaning is clear. At the moment of attainment, however, just as with concentration and wisdom, the equality of all the powers—faith and so on—should be desired. For thus, by the phrase “here the power of faith,” etc., the word “here” is used in each case.

ဣဒါနိ သဒ္ဓါဒီနံ တတ္ထ တတ္ထ အတိရေကကိစ္စတံ ဥပမာယ ဝိဘာဝေတုံ ‘‘ယထာ ဟီ’’တိအာဒိ ဝုတ္တံ. တတြိဒံ ဥပမာ သံသန္ဒနံ – ရာဇပဉ္စမသဟာယာ ဝိယ ဝိမုတ္တိပရိပါစကာနိ ပဉ္စ ဗလာနိ. နေသံ ကီဠနတ္ထံ ဧကဇ္ဈံ ဝီထိဩတရဏံ ဝိယ ဗလာနံ ဧကဇ္ဈံ ဝိပဿနာဝီထိဩတရဏံ, သဟာယေသု ပဌမာဒီနံ ယထာသကံ ဂေဟေဝ ဝိစာရဏာ ဝိယ သဒ္ဓါဒီနံ သောတာပတ္တိအင်္ဂါဒီနိ ပတွာ ပုဗ္ဗင်္ဂမတာ. သဟာယေသု ဣတရေသံ တတ္ထ တတ္ထ တုဏှီဘာဝေါ ဝိယ သေသဗလာနံ တတ္ထ တတ္ထ တဒနွယတာ, တဿ ပုဗ္ဗင်္ဂမဿ ဗလဿ ကိစ္စာနုဂတာ. န ဟိ တဒါ တေသံ သသမ္ဘာရပထဝီအာဒီသု အာပါဒီနံ ဝိယ ကိစ္စံ ပါကဋံ ဟောတိ, သဒ္ဓါဒီနံယေဝ ပန ကိစ္စံ ဝိဘူတံ ဟုတွာ တိဋ္ဌတိ ပုရေတရံ တထာပစ္စယေဟိ စိတ္တသန္တာနဿ အဘိသင်္ခတတ္တာ. ဧတ္ထ စ ဝိပဿနာကမ္မိကဿ ဘာဝနာ ဝိသေသတော ပညုတ္တရာတိ ဒဿနတ္ထံ ရာဇာနံ နိဒဿနံ ကတွာ ပညိန္ဒြိယံ ဝုတ္တံ. ဆဋ္ဌာဒီနိ သုဝိညေယျာနိ.

Now, to clarify by a simile the pre-eminent function of faith and the others in their respective places, the phrase “just as” and so on is stated. Here is the application of the simile: The five powers that ripen liberation are like a king with his four companions. Their descending into a street together for amusement is like the powers descending into the path of insight together. Among the companions, the deliberation of the first and others each in their own house is like faith and the others, upon reaching the factors of stream-entry and so on, taking the lead. The silence of the other companions in their respective places is like the remaining powers following suit in their respective places, in accordance with the function of that leading power. For at that time, their function is not manifest, just as the function of the water element and so on is not manifest in the earth element with its constituents. However, the function of faith and the others alone remains manifest, having been prepared beforehand because the mental continuum has been conditioned by such causes. And here, to show that the development of one practicing insight is especially led by wisdom, the faculty of wisdom is mentioned, making the king the example. The sixth and others are easily understood.

ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Daṭṭhabba Sutta, etc., is concluded.

ဗလဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Chapter on Powers is concluded.

၃. ပဉ္စင်္ဂိကဝဂ္ဂေါ

3. The Chapter on the Five-Factored.

၁-၂. ပဌမအဂါရဝသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

1-2. Commentary on the First Āgārava Sutta, etc.

၂၁-၂၂. တတိယဿ [Pg.7] ပဌမေ အာဘိသမာစာရိကန္တိ အဘိသမာစာရေ ဥတ္တမသမာစာရေ ဘဝံ. ကိံ ပန တန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘ဝတ္တဝသေန ပညတ္တသီလ’’န္တိ. သေသံ သုဝိညေယျမေဝ. ဒုတိယေ နတ္ထိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗံ.

21-22. In the first of the third, “ābhisamācārika” means existing in superior conduct, in the highest conduct. But what is that? He says, “the virtue laid down by way of practice.” The rest is easily understood. In the second, there is nothing to be said.

ပဌမအဂါရဝသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the First Āgārava Sutta, etc., is concluded.

၃-၄. ဥပက္ကိလေသသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

3-4. Commentary on the Upakkilesa Sutta, etc.

၂၃-၂၄. တတိယေ န စ ပဘာဝန္တန္တိ န စ ပဘာသမ္ပန္နံ. ပဘိဇ္ဇနသဘာဝန္တိ တာပေတွာ တာဠကဇ္ဇနပဘင်္ဂုရံ. အဝသေသံ လောဟန္တိ ဝုတ္တာဝသေသံ သဇာတိလောဟံ, ဝိဇာတိလောဟံ, ပိသာစလောဟံ, ကိတ္တိမလောဟန္တိ ဧဝံပဘေဒံ သဗ္ဗမ္ပိ လောဟံ. ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇိတုံ အပ္ပဒါနေနာတိ ဧတ္ထ နနု လောကိယကုသလစိတ္တဿပိ သုဝိသုဒ္ဓဿပိ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇိတုံ အပ္ပဒါနေနေဝ ဥပက္ကိလေသတာတိ? သစ္စမေတံ, ယသ္မိံ ပန သန္တာနေ နီဝရဏာနိ လဒ္ဓပ္ပတိဋ္ဌာနိ, တတ္ထ မဟဂ္ဂတကုသလဿပိ အသမ္ဘဝေါ, ပဂေဝ လောကုတ္တရကုသလဿ. ပရိတ္တကုသလံ ပန ယထာပစ္စယံ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇမာနံ နီဝရဏေဟိ ဥပဟတေ သန္တာနေ ဥပ္ပတ္တိယာ အပရိသုဒ္ဓံ ဟောန္တံ ဥပက္ကိလိဋ္ဌံ နာမ ဟောတိ အပရိသုဒ္ဓဒီပကပလ္လိကဝဋ္ဋိတေလာဒိသန္နိဿယော ပဒီပေါ ဝိယ. အပိစ နိပ္ပရိယာယတော ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇိတုံ အပ္ပဒါနေနေဝ တေသံ ဥပက္ကိလေသတာတိ ဒဿေန္တော ‘‘ယဒဂ္ဂေန ဟီ’’တိအာဒိမာဟ. အာရမ္မဏေ ဝိက္ခိတ္တပ္ပဝတ္တိဝသေန စုဏ္ဏဝိစုဏ္ဏတာ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ. စတုတ္ထေ နတ္ထိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗံ.

23-24. In the third, “not radiant” means not possessing radiance. “Of a breaking nature” means fragile, like a heated and split tāḷaka fruit. “The remaining metal” means all remaining metal, classified as metal of the same kind, of different kinds, pisāca metal, and artificial metal. Regarding “by preventing [wholesome states] from arising”—here, is it not the case that even a very pure worldly wholesome consciousness is defiled precisely by preventing [higher states] from arising? This is true. However, in a mental continuum where the hindrances have taken root, even sublime wholesome states are impossible, let alone supramundane wholesome states. But a limited wholesome state, arising according to conditions, being impure at the moment of arising in a continuum afflicted by hindrances, is called defiled—like a lamp dependent on an impure wick, oil, or similar materials. Furthermore, to show that their nature as a defilement is, without qualification, precisely due to preventing [wholesome states] from arising, he says, “yadaggena hī,” etc. The state of being crushed to powder should be understood as the occurrence of distraction towards the object. In the fourth, there is nothing to be said.

ဥပက္ကိလေသသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Upakkilesa Sutta, etc., is concluded.

၅. အနုဂ္ဂဟိတသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

5. Commentary on the Anuggahita Sutta.

၂၅. ပဉ္စမေ သမ္မာဒိဋ္ဌီတိ ဝိပဿနာသမ္မာဒိဋ္ဌီတိအာဒိနာ အင်္ဂုတ္တရဘာဏကာနံ မတေန အယံ အတ္ထဝဏ္ဏနာ အာရဒ္ဓါ, မဇ္ဈိမဘာဏကာ ပနေတ္ထ အညထာ အတ္ထံ ဝဒန္တိ. ဝုတ္တဉှေတံ မဇ္ဈိမဋ္ဌကထာယံ (မ. နိ. အဋ္ဌ. ၁.၄၅၂) –

25. Regarding the fifth, the explanation of the meaning here, beginning with “right view” as “the right view of insight,” etc., was commenced according to the view of the Aṅguttara reciters. However, the Majjhima reciters explain the meaning differently here. For this was stated in the Majjhima Commentary (Ma. Ni. Aṭṭha. 1.452)—

‘‘အနုဂ္ဂဟိတာ’’တိ [Pg.8] လဒ္ဓူပကာရာ. သမ္မာဒိဋ္ဌီတိ အရဟတ္တမဂ္ဂသမ္မာဒိဋ္ဌိ. ဖလက္ခဏေ နိဗ္ဗတ္တာ စေတောဝိမုတ္တိ ဖလံ အဿာတိ စေတောဝိမုတ္တိဖလာ. တဒေဝ စေတောဝိမုတ္တိသင်္ခါတံ ဖလံ အာနိသံသော အဿာတိ စေတောဝိမုတ္တိဖလာနိသံသာ. ဒုတိယပဒေပိ ဧသေဝ နယော. ဧတ္ထ စတုတ္ထဖလပညာ ပညာဝိမုတ္တိ နာမ, အဝသေသာ ဓမ္မာ စေတောဝိမုတ္တီတိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ. ‘‘သီလာနုဂ္ဂဟိတာ’’တိအာဒီသု သီလန္တိ စတုပါရိသုဒ္ဓိသီလံ. သုတန္တိ သပ္ပာယဓမ္မဿဝနံ. သာကစ္ဆာတိ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနေ ခလနပက္ခလနစ္ဆေဒနကထာ. သမထောတိ ဝိပဿနာပါဒိကာ အဋ္ဌ သမာပတ္တိယော. ဝိပဿနာတိ သတ္တဝိဓာ အနုပဿနာ. စတုပါရိသုဒ္ဓိသီလဉှိ ပူရေန္တဿ, သပ္ပာယဓမ္မဿဝနံ သုဏန္တဿ, ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနေ ခလနပက္ခလနံ ဆိန္ဒန္တဿ ဝိပဿနာပါဒိကာသု အဋ္ဌသု သမာပတ္တီသု ကမ္မံ ကရောန္တဿ, သတ္တဝိဓံ အနုပဿနံ ဘာဝေန္တဿ အရဟတ္တမဂ္ဂေါ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇိတွာ ဖလံ ဒေတိ.

“Supported” (anuggahitā) means having received assistance. “Right view” (sammādiṭṭhi) is the right view of the Arahantship path. “Having the fruit of liberation of mind” (cetovimuttiphalā) means that the liberation of mind that arises at the moment of fruition is its fruit. “Having the benefit of the fruit of liberation of mind” (cetovimuttiphalānisaṃsā) means that the very fruit, called liberation of mind, is its benefit. The same method applies to the second term as well. Here, the wisdom of the fourth fruit is called “liberation by wisdom” (paññāvimutti), while the remaining qualities are to be understood as “liberation of mind” (cetovimutti). In phrases such as “supported by virtue” (sīlānuggahitā), “virtue” (sīla) is the fourfold purity of virtue. “Listening” (suta) is listening to suitable teachings. “Discussion” (sākacchā) is talk that cuts off wavering and stumbling in the meditation subject. “Serenity” (samatha) is the eight attainments that are a basis for insight. “Insight” (vipassanā) is the seven kinds of contemplation. For one who fulfills the fourfold purity of virtue, listens to suitable teachings, cuts off wavering and stumbling in the meditation subject, performs the work in the eight attainments that are a basis for insight, and develops the seven kinds of contemplation, the path to Arahantship arises and gives its fruit.

‘‘ယထာ ဟိ မဓုရံ အမ္ဗပက္ကံ ပရိဘုဉ္ဇိတုကာမော အမ္ဗပေါတကဿ သမန္တာ ဥဒကကောဋ္ဌကံ ထိရံ ကတွာ ဗန္ဓတိ, ဃဋံ ဂဟေတွာ ကာလေန ကာလံ ဥဒကံ အာသိဉ္စတိ, ဥဒကဿ အနိက္ခမနတ္ထံ မရိယာဒံ ထိရံ ကရောတိ. ယာ ဟောတိ သမီပေ ဝလ္လိ ဝါ သုက္ခဒဏ္ဍကော ဝါ ကိပိလ္လိကပုဋော ဝါ မက္ကဋကဇာလံ ဝါ, တံ အပနေတိ, ခဏိတ္တိံ ဂဟေတွာ ကာလေန ကာလံ မူလာနိ ပရိခဏတိ, ဧဝမဿ အပ္ပမတ္တဿ ဣမာနိ ပဉ္စ ကာရဏာနိ ကရောတော သော အမ္ဗော ဝဍ္ဎိတွာ ဖလံ ဒေတိ, ဧဝံ သမ္ပဒမိဒံ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ. ရုက္ခဿ သမန္တတော ကောဋ္ဌကဗန္ဓနံ ဝိယ ဟိ သီလံ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗံ, ကာလေန ကာလံ ဥဒကသိဉ္စနံ ဝိယ ဓမ္မဿဝနံ, မရိယာဒါယ ထိရဘာဝကရဏံ ဝိယ သမထော, သမီပေ ဝလ္လိအာဒီနံ ဟရဏံ ဝိယ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနေ ခလနပက္ခလနစ္ဆေဒနံ, ကာလေန ကာလံ ခဏိတ္တိံ ဂဟေတွာ မူလခဏနံ ဝိယ သတ္တန္နံ အနုပဿနာနံ ဘာဝနာ, တေဟိ ပဉ္စဟိ ကာရဏေဟိ အနုဂ္ဂဟိတဿ အမ္ဗရုက္ခဿ မဓုရဖလဒါနကာလော ဝိယ ဣမဿ ဘိက္ခုနော ဣမေဟိ ပဉ္စဟိ ဓမ္မေဟိ အနုဂ္ဂဟိတာယ သမ္မာဒိဋ္ဌိယာ အရဟတ္တဖလဒါနံ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗ’’န္တိ.

“Just as one who wishes to enjoy a ripe, sweet mango would firmly construct a water basin around the mango sapling, take a pot and water it from time to time, and firmly establish a boundary to prevent the water from escaping. Whatever creeping vine, dry stick, anthill, or spiderweb is nearby, they remove it. Taking a hoe, they dig around the roots from time to time. For one who diligently performs these five actions, that mango tree grows and bears fruit. Similarly, this should be understood: the firm construction of a basin around the tree is to be seen as virtue; watering from time to time is like listening to the Dhamma; establishing a firm boundary is like serenity; removing nearby vines and such is like cutting off wavering and stumbling in the meditation subject; taking a hoe and digging around the roots from time to time is like cultivating the seven kinds of contemplation. Just as a mango tree, supported by these five actions, in time gives sweet fruit, so too should it be understood that for this monk, right view, supported by these five qualities, gives the fruit of Arahantship.”

ဧတ္ထ စ လဒ္ဓူပကာရာတိ ယထာရဟံ နိဿယာဒိဝသေန လဒ္ဓပစ္စယာ. ဝိပဿနာသမ္မာဒိဋ္ဌိယာ အနုဂ္ဂဟိတဘာဝေန ဂဟိတတ္တာ မဂ္ဂသမ္မာဒိဋ္ဌီသု စ အရဟတ္တမဂ္ဂသမ္မာဒိဋ္ဌိ[Pg.9]. အနန္တရဿ ဟိ ဝိဓိ ပဋိသေဓော ဝါ, အဂ္ဂဖလသမာဓိမှိ တပ္ပရိက္ခာရဓမ္မေသုယေဝ စ ကေဝလော စေတောပရိယာယော နိရုဠှောတိ သမ္မာဒိဋ္ဌီတိ အရဟတ္တမဂ္ဂသမ္မာဒိဋ္ဌိ. ဖလက္ခဏေတိ အနန္တရံ ကာလန္တရေ စာတိ ဒုဝိဓေပိ ဖလက္ခဏေ. ပဋိပ္ပဿဒ္ဓိဝသေန သဗ္ဗသံကိလေသေဟိ စေတောဝိမုစ္စတိ ဧတာယာတိ စေတောဝိမုတ္တိ, အဂ္ဂဖလပညံ ဌပေတွာ အဝသေသာ ဖလဓမ္မာ. တေနာဟ ‘‘စေတောဝိမုတ္တိ ဖလံ အဿာတိ, စေတောဝိမုတ္တိသင်္ခါတံ ဖလံ အာနိသံသော’’တိ. သဗ္ဗကိလေသေဟိ စေတသော ဝိမုစ္စနသင်္ခါတံ ပဋိပ္ပဿမ္ဘနသညိတံ ပဟာနံ ဖလံ အာနိသံသော စာတိ ယောဇနာ. ဣဓ စေတောဝိမုတ္တိသဒ္ဒေန ပဟာနမတ္တံ ဂဟိတံ, ပုဗ္ဗေ ပဟာယကဓမ္မာ. အညထာ ဖလဓမ္မာ ဧဝ အာနိသံသောတိ ဂယှမာနေ ပုနဝစနံ နိရတ္ထကံ သိယာ. ပညာဝိမုတ္တိဖလာနိသံသာတိ ဧတ္ထာပိ ဧဝမေဝ အတ္ထော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. သမ္မာဝါစာကမ္မန္တာဇီဝါ သီလသဘာဝတ္တာ ဝိသေသတော သမာဓိဿ ဥပကာရာ, တထာ သမ္မာသင်္ကပ္ပော ဈာနသဘာဝတ္တာ. တထာ ဟိ သော ‘‘အပ္ပနာ’’တိ နိဒ္ဒိဋ္ဌော. သမ္မာသတိသမ္မာဝါယာမာ ပန သမာဓိပက္ခိယာ ဧဝါတိ အာဟ ‘‘အဝသေသာ ဓမ္မာ စေတောဝိမုတ္တီတိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ’’တိ.

Here, “having received assistance” (laddhūpakārā) means having received the necessary conditions by way of support, etc., as appropriate. Because it is grasped by being supported by insight right view, and among the path right views, it is the right view of the Arahantship path. For there is either a rule or a prohibition for what is immediate; and in the concentration of the supreme fruition, only the penetration of mind becomes established concerning its requisite qualities. Thus, “right view” is the right view of the Arahantship path. “At the moment of fruition” (phalakkhaṇe) means at both kinds of fruition moments: immediately and after a time. “Liberation of mind” (cetovimutti) means that the mind is liberated from all defilements by this through the subsiding of defilements; these are the remaining fruition qualities, excluding the wisdom of the supreme fruition. Therefore, it is said: “liberation of mind is its fruit,” and “the fruit, called liberation of mind, is its benefit.” The connection is that the abandoning, characterized by the mind’s liberation from all defilements and designated as subsiding, is both the fruit and the benefit. Here, by the word “liberation of mind,” only the act of abandoning is taken, whereas previously it referred to the qualities that cause abandoning. Otherwise, if the fruition qualities themselves were taken as the benefit, the repetition would be meaningless. The meaning of “having the benefit of the fruit of liberation by wisdom” (paññāvimuttiphalānisaṃsā) should be understood in the same way here as well. Right speech, right action, and right livelihood, being of the nature of virtue, are particularly helpful for concentration. Likewise, right intention, being of the nature of absorption, is also helpful. For it is designated as “attainment.” Right mindfulness and right effort, however, belong specifically to the side of concentration. Thus, it is said: “the remaining qualities are to be understood as liberation of mind.”

စတုပါရိသုဒ္ဓိသီလန္တိ အရိယမဂ္ဂါဓိဂမဿ ပဒဋ္ဌာနဘူတံ စတုပါရိသုဒ္ဓိသီလံ. သုတာဒီသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော. အတ္တနော စိတ္တပ္ပဝတ္တိအာရောစနဝသေန သဟ ကထနံ သံကထာ, သံကထာဝ သာကစ္ဆာ. ဣဓ ပန ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနပ္ပဋိဗဒ္ဓါတိ အာဟ ‘‘ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနေ…ပေ… ကထာ’’တိ. တဿ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနဿ ဧကဝါရံ ဝိဓိယာ အပ္ပဋိပဇ္ဇနံ ခလနံ, အနေကဝါရံ ပက္ခလနံ, တဒုဘယဿ ဝိစ္ဆေဒနီ အပနယနီ ကထာ ခလနပက္ခလနစ္ဆေဒနကထာ. ပူရေန္တဿာတိ ဝိဝဋ္ဋသန္နိဿိတံ ကတွာ ပါလေန္တဿ ဗြူဟေန္တဿ စ. သုဏန္တဿာတိ ‘‘ယထာဥဂ္ဂဟိတကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ ဖာတိံ ဂမိဿတီ’’တိ ဧဝံ သုဏန္တဿ. တေနေဝ ဟိ ‘‘သပ္ပာယဓမ္မဿဝန’’န္တိ ဝုတ္တံ. ကမ္မံ ကရောန္တဿာတိ ဘာဝနာနုယောဂကမ္မံ ကရောန္တဿ. ပဉ္စသုပိ ဌာနေသု အန္တ-သဒ္ဒေါ ဟေတုအတ္ထဇောတနော ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗော. ဧဝဉှိ ‘‘ယထာ ဟီ’’တိအာဒိနာ ဝုစ္စမာနာ အမ္ဗူပမာ ယုဇ္ဇေယျ.

“The fourfold purity of virtue” (catupārisuddhisīla) is the fourfold purity of virtue that serves as the foundation for the attainment of the Noble Path. The same method applies to “listening” (suta) and so on. “Conversation” (saṃkathā) is talking together in such a way as to make known the activity of one’s own mind; conversation itself is “discussion” (sākacchā). But here, because it is connected with the meditation subject, it is said: “talk that cuts off wavering and stumbling in the meditation subject.” For that meditation subject, failing to apply it correctly once is a “wavering” (khalana); repeatedly failing is a “stumbling” (pakkhalana); and talk that severs and removes both is “talk that cuts off wavering and stumbling” (khalanapakkhalanacchedanakathā). “For one who fulfills” (pūrentassa) means for one who protects and develops it, having made it a basis for turning away from the cycle of rebirth. “For one who listens” (suṇantassa) means for one who listens with the thought, “How will the meditation subject I have grasped come to fruition?” Therefore, it is said: “listening to suitable teachings.” “For one who performs the work” (kammaṃ karontassa) means for one who performs the work of dedication to meditation. In all five places, the word “anta” should be understood as indicating the meaning of “reason.” For in this way, the simile of the mango tree, which is stated beginning with “just as,” would be fitting.

ဥဒကကောဋ္ဌကန္တိ ဇလာဝါဋံ. ထိရံ ကတွာ ဗန္ဓတီတိ အသိထိလံ ဒဠှံ နာတိမဟန္တံ နာတိခုဒ္ဒကံ ကတွာ ယောဇေတိ. ထိရံ ကရောတီတိ ဥဒကသိဉ္စနကာလေ တတော တတော ပဝတ္တိတွာ ဥဒကဿ အနိက္ခမနတ္ထံ ဇလာဝါဋပါဠိံ ထိရတရံ ကရောတိ. သုက္ခဒဏ္ဍကောတိ တဿေဝ အမ္ဗဂစ္ဆဿ သုက္ခကော သာခါသီသကော[Pg.10]. ကိပိလ္လိကပုဋောတိ တမ္ဗကိပိလ္လိကပုဋော. ခဏိတ္တိန္တိ ကုဒါလံ. ကောဋ္ဌကဗန္ဓနံ ဝိယ သီလံ သမ္မာဒိဋ္ဌိယာ ဝဍ္ဎနူပါယဿ မူလဘာဝတော. ဥဒကသိဉ္စနံ ဝိယ ဓမ္မဿဝနံ ဘာဝနာယ ပရိဗြူဟနတော. မရိယာဒါယ ထိရဘာဝကရဏံ ဝိယ သမထော ယထာဝုတ္တာယ ဘာဝနာဓိဋ္ဌာနာယ သီလမရိယာဒါယ ဒဠှီဘာဝါပါဒနတော. သမာဟိတဿ ဟိ သီလံ ထိရတရံ ဟောတိ. သမီပေ ဝလ္လိအာဒီနံ ဟရဏံ ဝိယ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနေ ခလနပက္ခလနစ္ဆေဒနံ ဣစ္ဆိတဗ္ဗဘာဝနာယ ဝိဗန္ဓနာပနယနတော. မူလခဏနံ ဝိယ သတ္တန္နံ အနုပဿနာနံ ဘာဝနာ တဿာ ဝိဗန္ဓဿ မူလဘူတာနံ တဏှာမာနဒိဋ္ဌီနံ ပလိခဏနတော. ဧတ္ထ စ ယသ္မာ သုပရိသုဒ္ဓသီလဿ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ အနုယုဉ္ဇန္တဿ သပ္ပာယဓမ္မဿဝနံ ဣစ္ဆိတဗ္ဗံ, တတော ယထာသုတေ အတ္ထေ သာကစ္ဆာသမာပဇ္ဇနံ, တတော ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနဝိသောဓနေန သမထနိဗ္ဗတ္တိ, တတော သမာဟိတဿ အာရဒ္ဓဝိပဿကဿ ဝိပဿနာပါရိပူရိ, ပရိပုဏ္ဏာ ဝိပဿနာ မဂ္ဂသမ္မာဒိဋ္ဌိံ ဗြူဟေတီတိ ဧဝမေတေသံ အင်္ဂါနံ ပရမ္ပရာယ သမ္မုခါ အနုဂ္ဂဏှနတော အယမာနုပုဗ္ဗီ ကထိတာတိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ.

“Water basin” (udakakoṭṭhaka) is a water pit. “Firmly made and bound” (thiraṃ katvā bandhati) means one joins it, having made it firm, not loose, not too large, and not too small. “Makes it firm” (thiraṃ karoti) means that when watering, to prevent the water from flowing out from various places, one makes the banks of the water pit firmer. “Dry stick” (sukkhadaṇḍako) refers to the dry branch tip of that same mango tree. “Ant nest” (kipillikapuṭo) means a red ant nest. “Hoe” (khaṇitti) means a spade. Binding the basin is like virtue, because it is the root of the means for the growth of right view. Watering is like listening to the Dhamma, because it fosters development through cultivation. Making the boundary firm is like serenity, because it brings about the strengthening of the boundary of virtue, which is the foundation for the prescribed meditation. For one who is concentrated, virtue becomes even firmer. Removing nearby vines and so on is like cutting off stumbling and slipping in the meditation subject, because it removes the hindrance to the desired cultivation. Digging at the roots is like the cultivation of the seven contemplations, because it digs up craving, conceit, and views, which are the root of that hindrance. Here, it should be understood that this gradual progression is stated because for one of perfectly purified virtue who applies themself to a meditation subject, it is desirable to listen to suitable teachings; from that, one engages in discussion on the meaning as heard; from that, through purifying the meditation subject, serenity arises; from that, for one who is concentrated and has undertaken insight, insight reaches fulfillment; and fulfilled insight nurtures the right view of the path. Thus, because these factors support one another face-to-face in sequence, this gradual progression is spoken of.

အနုဂ္ဂဟိတသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Anuggahita Sutta is concluded.

၆. ဝိမုတ္တာယတနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

6. Commentary on the Discourse on the Grounds for Liberation

၂၆. ဆဋ္ဌေ ဝိမုတ္တိယာ ဝဋ္ဋဒုက္ခတော ဝိမုစ္စနဿ အာယတနာနိ ကာရဏာနိ ဝိမုတ္တာယတနာနီတိ အာဟ – ‘‘ဝိမုစ္စနကာရဏာနီ’’တိ. ပါဠိအတ္ထံ ဇာနန္တဿာတိ ‘‘ဣဓ သီလံ အာဂတံ, ဣဓ သမာဓိ, ဣဓ ပညာ’’တိအာဒိနာ တံတံပါဠိအတ္ထံ ယာထာဝတော ဇာနန္တဿ. ပါဠိံ ဇာနန္တဿာတိ တဒတ္ထဗောဓိနိံ ပါဠိံ ယာထာဝတော ဥပဓာရေန္တဿ. တရုဏပီတီတိ သဉ္ဇာတမတ္တာ မုဒုကာ ပီတိ ဇာယတိ. ကထံ ဇာယတိ? ယထာဒေသိတံ ဓမ္မံ ဥပဓာရေန္တဿ တဒနုစ္ဆဝိကမေဝ အတ္တနော ကာယဝါစာမနောသမာစာရံ ပရိဂ္ဂဏှန္တဿ သောမနဿံ ပတ္တဿ ပမောဒလက္ခဏံ ပါမောဇ္ဇံ ဇာယတိ. တုဋ္ဌာကာရဘူတာ ဗလဝပီတီတိ ပုရိမုပ္ပန္နာယ ပီတိယာ ဝသေန လဒ္ဓါသေဝနတ္တာ အတိဝိယ တုဋ္ဌာကာရဘူတာ ကာယစိတ္တဒရထဿ ပဿမ္ဘနသမတ္ထတာယ ပဿဒ္ဓိယာ ပစ္စယော ဘဝိတုံ သမတ္ထာ ဗလပ္ပတ္တာ ပီတိ ဇာယတိ. ယသ္မာ နာမကာယေ ပဿဒ္ဓေ ရူပကာယောပိ ပဿဒ္ဓေါ ဧဝ ဟောတိ, တသ္မာ ‘‘နာမကာယော ပဿမ္ဘတိ’’စ္စေဝ ဝုတ္တံ.

26. In the sixth, the grounds for liberation are the causes for being liberated from the suffering of the round of existence—thus it is said: 'the causes of liberation.' 'One who understands the meaning of the Pāli' means one who knows the true meaning of each Pāli passage, such as 'here virtue is mentioned, here concentration, here wisdom,' and so on. 'One who knows the Pāli' means one who attends properly to the Pāli that reveals its meaning. 'Tender joy' means a soft joy arises as soon as it is born. How does it arise? For one who attends to the Dhamma as taught and accordingly adopts one's own bodily, verbal, and mental conduct, having attained gladness, joy arises, characterized by delight. 'Strong joy that has become a state of satisfaction' means that due to the power of having cultivated the previously arisen joy, a strong joy arises that has become an extreme state of satisfaction. This strong joy, being capable of calming the agitation of body and mind, is able to become a condition for tranquility. Because when the mental body is tranquil, the physical body is also tranquil, therefore it is said only: 'the mental body becomes tranquil.'

သုခံ [Pg.11] ပဋိလဘတီတိ ဝက္ခမာနဿ စိတ္တသမာဓာနဿ ပစ္စယော ဘဝိတုံ သမတ္ထံ စေတသိကံ နိရာမိသသုခံ ပဋိလဘတိ ဝိန္ဒတိ. သမာဓိယတီတိ ဧတ္ထ ပန န ယော ကောစိ သမာဓိ အဓိပ္ပေတော, အထ ခေါ အနုတ္တရသမာဓီတိ ဒဿေန္တော ‘‘အရဟတ္တ…ပေ… သမာဓိယတီ’’တိ အာဟ. ‘‘အယံ ဟီ’’တိအာဒိ တဿံ ဒေသနာယံ တာဒိသဿ ပုဂ္ဂလဿ ယထာဝုတ္တသမာဓိပဋိလာဘဿ ကာရဏဘာဝဝိဘာဝနံ, ယံ တထာ ဝိမုတ္တာယတနဘာဝေါ. ဩသက္ကိတုန္တိ ဒဿိတုံ. သမာဓိယေဝ သမာဓိနိမိတ္တန္တိ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနပါဠိယာ အာရုဠှော သမာဓိ ဧဝ ပရတော ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇနကဘာဝနာသမာဓိဿ ကာရဏဘာဝတော သမာဓိနိမိတ္တံ. တေနာဟ ‘‘အာစရိယဿ သန္တိကေ’’တိအာဒိ.

'He attains happiness' means he obtains, he finds, the spiritual mental happiness that is capable of being a condition for the concentration of mind that will be spoken of. Regarding 'he is concentrated,' it is not just any concentration that is intended here, but rather, to indicate the unsurpassed concentration, it is said: 'arahantship...pe... he is concentrated.' 'This is indeed' and so on, in that teaching, is an explanation of the causal nature of the attainment of concentration as described for such a person, which is thus the state of being a ground for liberation. 'To recoil' is to show this. 'Concentration itself is the sign of concentration' means the concentration established in the meditation subject of the Pāli text is itself the sign of concentration, because it is the cause for the meditative concentration that is to arise subsequently. Therefore, it is said: 'in the teacher's presence' and so on.

ဝိမုတ္တာယတနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Discourse on the Grounds for Liberation is concluded.

၇. သမာဓိသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

7. Commentary on the Samādhi Sutta

၂၇. သတ္တမေ သဗ္ဗသော ကိလေသဒုက္ခဒရထပရိဠာဟာနံ ဝိဂတတ္တာ သာတိသယမေတ္ထ သုခန္တိ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘အပ္ပိတပ္ပိတက္ခဏေ သုခတ္တာ ပစ္စုပ္ပန္နသုခေါ’’တိ. ပုရိမဿ ပုရိမဿ ဝသေန ပစ္ဆိမံ ပစ္ဆိမံ လဒ္ဓါသေဝနတာယ သန္တပဏီတတရဘာဝပ္ပတ္တံ ဟောတီတိ အာဟ ‘‘ပုရိမော…ပေ… သုခဝိပါကော’’တိ. ကိလေသပ္ပဋိပ္ပဿဒ္ဓိယာတိ ကိလေသာနံ ပဋိပ္ပဿမ္ဘနေန လဒ္ဓတ္တာ. ‘‘ကိလေသပ္ပဋိပ္ပဿဒ္ဓိဘာဝန္တိ ကိလေသာနံ ပဋိပ္ပဿမ္ဘနဘာဝံ. လဒ္ဓတ္တာ ပတ္တတ္တာ တဗ္ဘာဝံ ဥပဂတတ္တာ. လောကိယသမာဓိဿ ပစ္စနီကာနိ နီဝရဏပဌမဇ္ဈာနနိကန္တိအာဒီနိ နိဂ္ဂဟေတဗ္ဗာနိ, အညေ ကိလေသာ ဝါရေတဗ္ဗာ. ဣမဿ ပန အရဟတ္တသမာဓိဿ ပဋိပ္ပဿဒ္ဓသဗ္ဗကိလေသတ္တာ န နိဂ္ဂဟေတဗ္ဗံ ဝါရေတဗ္ဗဉ္စ အတ္ထီတိ မဂ္ဂါနန္တရံ သမာပတ္တိက္ခဏေ စ အပ္ပယောဂေန အဓိဂတတ္တာ အပ္ပိတတ္တာ စ အပရိဟာနိဝသေန ဝါ အပ္ပိတတ္တာ န သသင်္ခါရနိဂ္ဂယှဝါရိတဂတော. သတိဝေပုလ္လပ္ပတ္တတ္တာတိ ဧတေန အပ္ပဝတ္တမာနာယပိ သတိယာ သတိဗဟုလတာယ သတော ဧဝ နာမာတိ ဒဿေတိ. ယထာပရိစ္ဆိန္နကာလဝသေနာတိ ဧတေန ပရိစ္ဆိန္နဿတိယာ သတောတိ ဒဿေတိ. သေသေသူတိ ဉာဏေသု.

27. In the seventh, because all defilements, suffering, distress, and fever have completely vanished, the bliss here is said to be exceeding. It is said: 'blissful in the present, because of the bliss at each moment of application.' Because by means of each preceding one, each subsequent one, having been obtained and cultivated, attains a state of being more peaceful and sublime, it is said: 'The former... results in bliss.' 'Through the pacification of defilements' means because it is attained by the calming of defilements. 'The state of pacification of defilements' means the state of the calming of defilements, because it is obtained, attained, and that state is entered into. For mundane concentration, the opponents—the hindrances, the factors of the first jhāna, and so on—should be suppressed, and other defilements should be warded off. But for this concentration of arahantship, because all defilements are pacified, there is nothing to be suppressed or warded off. Because it is attained without effort at the moment of attainment immediately after the path, and because it is applied—or applied by way of non-decline—it is not accompanied by forceful suppression and warding off. 'Because of having attained abundance of mindfulness'—by this it is shown that even when mindfulness is not occurring, one is still called 'mindful' due to the abundance of mindfulness. 'According to the defined period'—by this it is shown that one is called 'mindful' due to having a defined mindfulness. 'In the remaining' refers to the knowledges.

သမာဓိသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Samādhi Sutta is concluded.

၈-၉. ပဉ္စင်္ဂိကသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

8-9. Commentary on the Pañcaṅgika Sutta and Others

၂၈-၂၉. အဋ္ဌမေ [Pg.12] ကရော ဝုစ္စတိ ပုပ္ဖသမ္ဘဝံ ‘‘ဂဗ္ဘာသယေ ကိရီယတီ’’တိ ကတွာ. ကရတော ဇာတော ကာယော ကရဇကာယော, တဒုပနိဿယော စတုသန္တတိရူပသမုဒါယော. ကာမံ နာမကာယောပိ ဝိဝေကဇေန ပီတိသုခေန တထာလဒ္ဓူပကာရော, ‘‘အဘိသန္ဒေတီ’’တိအာဒိဝစနတော ပန ရူပကာယော ဣဓ အဓိပ္ပေတောတိ အာဟ ‘‘ဣမံ ကရဇကာယ’’န္တိ. အဘိသန္ဒေတီတိ အဘိသန္ဒနံ ကရောတိ. တံ ပန အဘိသန္ဒနံ ဈာနမယေန ပီတိသုခေန ကရဇကာယဿ တိန္တဘာဝါပါဒနံ သဗ္ဗတ္ထကမေဝ လူခဘာဝါပနယနန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘တေမေတီ’’တိအာဒိ. တယိဒံ အဘိသန္ဒနံ အတ္ထတော ယထာဝုတ္တပီတိသုခသမုဋ္ဌာနေဟိ ပဏီတရူပေဟိ ကာယဿ ပရိပ္ဖရဏံ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗံ. ပရိသန္ဒေတီတိအာဒီသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော. သဗ္ဗံ ဧတဿ အတ္ထီတိ သဗ္ဗာဝါ, တဿ သဗ္ဗာဝတော. အဝယဝါဝယဝိသမ္ဗန္ဓေ အဝယဝိနိ သာမိဝစနန္တိ အဝယဝဝိသယော သဗ္ဗ-သဒ္ဒေါ, တသ္မာ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘သဗ္ဗကောဋ္ဌာသဝတော’’တိ. အဖုဋံ နာမ န ဟောတိ ယတ္ထ ယတ္ထ ကမ္မဇရူပံ, တတ္ထ တတ္ထ စိတ္တဇရူပဿ အဘိဗျာပနတော. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဥပါဒိန္နကသန္တတီ’’တိအာဒိ.

In the eighth, `karo` is said to be the producer of the flower, because 'it is done in the womb.' The body born from the maker is the `karajakāya`; its supporting condition is the collection of the four continuities of matter. Indeed, the mental body is also supported by the joy and happiness born of seclusion, but from statements like 'it suffuses,' the material body is intended here; hence, it is said, 'this `karajakāya`.' 'It suffuses' means it performs suffusion. That suffusion is the causing of the `karajakāya` to become moist and the removal of all coarseness by the joy and happiness of jhāna; thus it is said, 'it moistens,' and so on. This suffusion should be understood, in its real meaning, as the pervading of the body with the sublime material phenomena originated from the aforesaid joy and happiness. The same method applies to 'it saturates' and so on. `Sabbāvā` means 'possessing all'; `sabbāvato` is the genitive form of that. In the relationship between part and whole, the word `sabba` refers to the whole; therefore, it is said, 'possessing all parts.' There is no part that is untouched (`aphuṭaṃ`), because wherever kamma-born matter exists, mind-born matter pervades it. Hence, it is said, 'the continuity of what is appropriated,' and so on.

ဆေကောတိ ကုသလော. တံ ပနဿ ကောသလ္လံ နဟာနီယစုဏ္ဏာနံ ကရဏေ ပိဏ္ဍိကရဏေ စ သမတ္ထတာဝသေန ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘ပဋိဗလော’’တိအာဒိ. ကံသ-သဒ္ဒေါ ‘‘မဟတိယာ ကံသပါတိယာ’’တိအာဒီသု (မ. နိ. ၁.၆၁) သုဝဏ္ဏေ အာဂတော.‘‘ကံသော ဥပဟတော ယထာ’’တိအာဒီသု (ဓ. ပ. ၁၃၄) ကိတ္တိမလောဟေ. ကတ္ထစိ ပဏ္ဏတ္တိမတ္တေ ‘‘ဥပကံသော နာမ ရာဇာသိ, မဟာကံသဿ အတြဇော’’တိအာဒိ (ဇာ. အဋ္ဌ. ၄.၁၀.၁၆၄ ဃဋပဏ္ဍိတဇာတကဝဏ္ဏနာ). ဣဓ ပန ယတ္ထ ကတ္ထစိ လောဟေတိ အာဟ ‘‘ယေန ကေနစိ လောဟေန ကတဘာဇနေ’’တိ. သ္နေဟာနုဂတာတိ ဥဒကသိနေဟေန အနုပ္ပဝိသနဝသေန ဂတာ ဥပဂတာ. သ္နေဟပရေတာတိ ဥဒကသိနေဟေန ပရိတော ဂတာ သမန္တတော ဖုဋာ. တတော ဧဝ သန္တရဗာဟိရာ ဖုဋာ သ္နေဟေန. ဧတေန သဗ္ဗသော ဥဒကေန တေမိတဘာဝမာဟ. န စ ပဂ္ဃရိဏီတိ ဧတေန တိန္တဿပိ တဿ ဃနထဒ္ဓဘာဝံ ဝဒတိ. တေနာဟ ‘‘န ဗိန္ဒုဗိန္ဒူ’’တိအာဒိ.

‘Skilled’ means expert. That skill of his should be understood as his ability in making bathing powders and kneading them into a ball, as it is said, ‘capable,’ and so on. The word ‘kaṃsa’ appears referring to gold in contexts like ‘in a large bronze bowl’ (Majjhima Nikāya 1.61). In phrases like ‘as a broken bronze vessel’ (Dhammapada 134), it denotes an alloy. In some places, it is merely a designation, as in ‘There was a king named Upakaṃsa, son of Mahākaṃsa’ (Jātaka Aṭṭhakathā 4.10.164, the commentary on the Ghaṭapaṇḍita Jātaka). Here, however, it refers to any metal, as stated: ‘in a vessel made of any metal.’ ‘Permeated by moisture’ means entered and penetrated by the moisture of water. ‘Saturated with moisture’ means completely pervaded and suffused on all sides by the moisture of water. Thus, it is suffused inside and out with moisture. By this, he indicates it is entirely soaked with water. And ‘not oozing’ shows that even when soaked, it remains dense and firm. Hence, it is said, ‘not drop by drop,’ and so on.

တာဟိ တာဟိ ဥဒကသိရာဟိ ဥဗ္ဘိဇ္ဇတီတိ ဥဗ္ဘိဒံ, ဥဗ္ဘိဒံ ဥဒကံ ဧတဿာတိ ဥဗ္ဘိဒေါဒကော. ဥဗ္ဘိန္နဥဒကောတိ နဒီတီရေ ခတကူပကော ဝိယ ဥဗ္ဘိဇ္ဇနကဥဒကော. ဥဂ္ဂစ္ဆနဥဒကောတိ ဓာရာဝသေန ဥဋ္ဌဟနဥဒကော. ကသ္မာ ပနေတ္ထ ဥဗ္ဘိဒေါဒကောဝ [Pg.13] ရဟဒေါ ဂဟိတော, န ဣတရောတိ အာဟ ‘‘ဟေဋ္ဌာ ဥဂ္ဂစ္ဆနဥဒကဉှီ’’တိအာဒိ. ဓာရာနိပါတဗုဗ္ဗုဠကေဟီတိ ဓာရာနိပါတေဟိ စ ဥဒကဗုဗ္ဗုဠေဟိ စ. ‘‘ဖေဏပဋလေဟိ စာ’’တိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗံ, သန္နိသိန္နမေဝ အပရိက္ခောဘတာယ နိစ္စလမေဝ, သုပ္ပသန္နမေဝါတိ အဓိပ္ပာယော. သေသန္တိ ‘‘အဘိသန္ဒေတီ’’တိအာဒိကံ.

It springs up from these and those water veins, thus it is ‘ubbhidaṃ’ (a spring). It has spring water, thus it is ‘ubbhidodako’ (having spring water). ‘Ubbhinnaudako’ means water that springs up, like in a well dug on a riverbank. ‘Uggacchanaudako’ means water that rises up as a stream. Why is a lake with spring water taken here, and not another kind? It is said, ‘For the water rises from below,’ and so on. ‘By the falling of streams and by bubbles’ means by falling streams and by water bubbles. It should also be said, ‘and with layers of foam.’ The meaning is that it is very settled, utterly still, and perfectly clear due to being undisturbed. The rest is ‘he suffuses,’ and so on.

ဥပ္ပလာနီတိ ဥပ္ပလဂစ္ဆာနိ. သေတရတ္တနီလေသူတိ ဥပ္ပလေသု, သေတုပ္ပလရတ္တုပ္ပလနီလုပ္ပလေသူတိ အတ္ထော. ယံ ကိဉ္စိ ဥပ္ပလံ ဥပ္ပလမေဝ သာမညဂ္ဂဟဏတော. သတပတ္တန္တိ ဧတ္ထ သတ-သဒ္ဒေါ ဗဟုပရိယာယော ‘‘သတဂ္ဃီ’’တိအာဒီသု ဝိယ. တေန အနေကသတပတ္တဿပိ သင်္ဂဟော သိဒ္ဓေါ ဟောတိ. လောကေ ပန ရတ္တံ ပဒုမံ, သေတံ ပုဏ္ဍရီကန္တိ ဝုစ္စတိ. ယာဝ အဂ္ဂါ ယာဝ စ မူလာ ဥဒကေန အဘိသန္ဒနာဒိသမ္ဘဝဒဿနတ္ထံ ဥဒကာနုဂ္ဂတဂ္ဂဟဏံ. ဣဓ ဥပ္ပလာဒီနိ ဝိယ ကရဇကာယော, ဥဒကံ ဝိယ တတိယဇ္ဈာနသုခံ.

‘Uppalāni’ means clumps of lotuses. ‘In the white, red, and blue’ means among lotuses: white lotuses, red lotuses, and blue lotuses. Whatever lotus there is, it is simply a ‘lotus,’ from the general term. Regarding ‘satapatta’ (hundred-petaled), here the word ‘sata’ (hundred) is a synonym for ‘many,’ as in phrases like ‘worth a hundred.’ Thus, the inclusion of a lotus with many hundreds of petals is established. In the world, however, a red one is called ‘paduma’ and a white one is called ‘puṇḍarīka.’ The mention of them ‘not having risen from the water’ is to show the possibility of their being suffused by water from tip to root. Here, the body born of kamma is like the lotuses, and the bliss of the third jhāna is like the water.

ယသ္မာ ပရိသုဒ္ဓေန စေတသာတိ စတုတ္ထဇ္ဈာနစိတ္တမာဟ, တဉ္စ ရာဂါဒိဥပက္ကိလေသမလာပဂမတော နိရုပက္ကိလေသံ နိမ္မလံ, တသ္မာ အာဟ ‘‘နိရုပက္ကိလေသဋ္ဌေန ပရိသုဒ္ဓ’’န္တိ. ယသ္မာ ပန ပါရိသုဒ္ဓိယာ ဧဝ ပစ္စယဝိသေသေန ပဝတ္တိဝိသေသော ပရိယောဒါတတာ သုဓန္တသုဝဏ္ဏဿ နိဃံသနေန ပဘဿရတာ ဝိယ, တသ္မာ အာဟ ‘‘ပဘဿရဋ္ဌေန ပရိယောဒါတံ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗ’’န္တိ. ဣဒန္တိ ဩဒါတဝစနံ. ဥတုဖရဏတ္ထန္တိ ဥတုနော ဖရဏဒဿနတ္ထံ. ဥတုဖရဏံ န ဟောတိ သေသန္တိ အဓိပ္ပာယော. တေနာဟ ‘‘တင်္ခဏ …ပေ… ဗလဝံ ဟောတီ’’တိ. ဝတ္ထံ ဝိယ ကရဇကာယောတိ ယောဂိနော ကရဇကာယော ဝတ္ထံ ဝိယ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗော ဥတုဖရဏသဒိသေန စတုတ္ထဇ္ဈာနသုခေန ဖရိတဗ္ဗတ္တာ. ပုရိသဿ သရီရံ ဝိယ စတုတ္ထဇ္ဈာနံ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗံ ဥတုဖရဏဋ္ဌာနိယဿ သုခဿ နိဿယဘာဝတော. တေနာဟ ‘‘တသ္မာ’’တိအာဒိ. တတ္ထ စ ‘‘ပရိသုဒ္ဓေန စေတသာ’’တိ စေတောဂဟဏေန ဈာနသုခံ ဝုတ္တန္တိ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗံ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဥတုဖရဏံ ဝိယ စတုတ္ထဇ္ဈာနသုခ’’န္တိ. နနု စ စတုတ္ထဇ္ဈာနေ သုခမေဝ နတ္ထီတိ? သစ္စံ နတ္ထိ, သာတလက္ခဏသန္တသဘာဝတ္တာ ပနေတ္ထ ဥပေက္ခာ ‘‘သုခ’’န္တိ အဓိပ္ပေတာ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ သမ္မောဟဝိနောဒနိယံ (ဝိဘ. အဋ္ဌ. ၂၃၂) ‘‘ဥပေက္ခာ ပန သန္တတ္တာ, သုခမိစ္စေဝ ဘာသိတာ’’တိ.

Because ‘with a purified mind’ refers to the consciousness of the fourth jhāna, and that is undefiled and stainless due to the removal of the stains of defilements such as lust, therefore it is said, ‘purified in the sense of being undefiled.’ And because its distinctive manifestation of purity, due to that very purity as a special condition, is like the radiance of well-smelted gold from polishing, therefore it is said, ‘It should be understood as pure in the sense of being radiant.’ ‘This’ refers to the word ‘white.’ ‘For the purpose of suffusing with warmth’ means for the purpose of showing the suffusion of warmth. The meaning is that no part is left unsuffused by warmth. Therefore it is said, ‘at that moment… it becomes strong.’ The yogi’s kamma-born body should be seen as the cloth, as it is to be suffused by the bliss of the fourth jhāna, which is similar to the suffusion of warmth. The fourth jhāna should be seen as the man’s body, as it is the basis for the bliss that stands in the place of the suffusion of warmth. Hence it is said, ‘Therefore,’ and so on. And here, by the taking of ‘mind’ in ‘with a purified mind,’ the bliss of jhāna should be understood as stated. Therefore it is said, ‘the bliss of the fourth jhāna is like the suffusion of warmth.’ But is there not in fact any bliss in the fourth jhāna? True, there is not; but here equanimity, due to its nature of pleasantness and its peaceful state, is intended by ‘bliss.’ Thus it is stated in the Sammohavinodanī: ‘Equanimity, being peaceful, is spoken of as bliss.’

တဿ [Pg.14] တဿ သမာဓိဿ သရူပဒဿနဿ ပစ္စယတ္တာ ပစ္စဝေက္ခဏဉာဏံ ပစ္စဝေက္ခဏနိမိတ္တံ. သမဘရိတောတိ သမပုဏ္ဏော.

The knowledge of reviewing is the sign for reviewing because it is the condition for seeing the intrinsic nature of each concentration. ‘Evenly filled’ means completely full.

မဏ္ဍဘူမီတိ ပပါဝဏ္ဏဘူမိ. ယတ္ထ သလိလသိဉ္စနေန ဝိနာဝ သဿာနိ ဌိတာနိ သမ္ပဇ္ဇန္တိ. ယုဂေ ယောဇေတဗ္ဗာနိ ယောဂ္ဂါနိ, တေသံ အာစရိယော ယောဂ္ဂါစရိယော. တေသံ သိက္ခာပနတော ဟတ္ထိအာဒယောပိ ‘‘ယောဂ္ဂါ’’တိ ဝုစ္စန္တီတိ အာဟ ပါဠိယံ ‘‘အဿဒမ္မသာရထီ’’တိ. ယေန ယေနာတိ စတူသု မဂ္ဂေသု ယေန ယေန မဂ္ဂေန. ယံ ယံ ဂတိန္တိ ဇဝသမဇဝါဒိဘေဒါသု ဂတီသု ယံ ယံ ဂတိံ. နဝမေ နတ္ထိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗံ.

‘Maṇḍabhūmi’ means ground the color of a dove's wing, where standing crops flourish even without watering. ‘Yoggāni’ are those to be yoked; their teacher is a ‘yoggācariya.’ Because they are trained, even elephants and other animals are called ‘yoggā,’ as the Pāli states in ‘a charioteer of horses to be tamed.’ ‘By whichever way’ means by whichever of the four paths. ‘To whichever going’ means to whichever kind of going among the different types, such as swift or even. Regarding the ninth sutta, there is nothing to be said.

ပဉ္စင်္ဂိကသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Pañcaṅgika Sutta and others is concluded.

၁၀. နာဂိတသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

10. Commentary on the Nāgita Sutta.

၃၀. ဒသမေ ဥစ္စာသဒ္ဒမဟာသဒ္ဒါတိ ဥဒ္ဓံ ဥဂ္ဂတတ္တာ ဥစ္စော ပတ္ထဋော မဟန္တော ဝိနိဗ္ဘိဇ္ဇိတွာ ဂဟေတုံ အသက္ကုဏေယျော သဒ္ဒေါ ဧတေသန္တိ ဥစ္စာသဒ္ဒမဟာသဒ္ဒါ. ဝစီဃောသောပိ ဟိ ဗဟူဟိ ဧကဇ္ဈံ ပဝတ္တိတော အတ္ထတော သဒ္ဒတော စ ဒုရဝဗောဓော ကေဝလံ မဟာနိဂ္ဃောသော ဧဝ ဟုတွာ သောတပထမာဂစ္ဆတိ. မစ္ဆဝိလောပေတိ မစ္ဆာနံ ဝိလုမ္ပိတွာ ဝိယ ဂဟဏေ, မစ္ဆာနံ ဝါ ဝိလုမ္ပနေ. ကေဝဋ္ဋာနဉှိ မစ္ဆပစ္ဆိဌပိတဋ္ဌာနေ မဟာဇနော သန္နိပတိတွာ ‘‘ဣဓ အညံ ဧကံ မစ္ဆံ ဒေဟိ, ဧကံ မစ္ဆဖာလံ ဒေဟီ’’တိ, ‘‘ဧတဿ တေ မဟာ ဒိန္နော, မယှံ ခုဒ္ဒကော’’တိ ဧဝံ ဥစ္စာသဒ္ဒံ မဟာသဒ္ဒံ ကရောန္တိ. မစ္ဆဂ္ဂဟဏတ္ထံ ဇာလေ ပက္ခိတ္တေပိ တသ္မိံ ဌာနေ ကေဝဋ္ဋာ စေဝ အညေ စ ‘‘ပဝိဋ္ဌော ဂဟိတော’’တိ မဟာသဒ္ဒံ ကရောန္တိ. တံ သန္ဓာယေတံ ဝုတ္တံ. အသုစိသုခန္တိ ကာယာသုစိသန္နိဿိတတ္တာ ကိလေသာသုစိသန္နိဿိတတ္တာ စ အသုစိသန္နိဿိတသုခံ. နေက္ခမ္မသုခဿာတိ ကာမတော နိက္ခမန္တဿ သုခဿ. ပဝိဝေကသုခဿာတိ ဂဏသင်္ဂဏိကတော ကိလေသသင်္ဂဏိကတော စ ဝိဂတဿ သုခဿ. ဥပသမသုခဿာတိ ရာဂါဒိဝူပသမာဝဟဿ သုခဿ. သမ္ဗောဓသုခန္တိ မဂ္ဂသင်္ခါတဿ သမ္ဗောဓဿ နိဋ္ဌပ္ပတ္တတ္ထာယ သုခံ. သေသံ သုဝိညေယျမေဝ.

30. In the tenth sutta, ‘loud and great noise’ means they have a sound that is high because it has risen upwards, extensive, and great, a sound impossible to grasp distinctly. For even the clamor of voices, when produced by many at once, becomes difficult to understand in meaning and sound, reaching the path of the ear as merely a great roar. ‘At the plundering of fish’ means at the seizing of fish as if plundering, or at the plundering of fish. For at the place where fishermen have set out fish in baskets, a great crowd gathers and makes a loud and great noise, shouting, ‘Give me another fish here, give me a piece of fish!’ and ‘You were given a big one, mine is small!’ Even when a net is cast to catch fish, the fishermen and others in that place make a great noise, shouting, ‘It’s in, it’s caught!’ This is stated in reference to that. ‘Impure pleasure’ means pleasure connected with impurity, because it is based on the impurity of the body and based on the impurity of the defilements. ‘The bliss of renunciation’ is the bliss of one who is renouncing sensual pleasures. ‘The bliss of seclusion’ is the bliss of one who is secluded from association with crowds and from association with defilements. ‘The bliss of peace’ is the bliss that brings the calming of lust and so on. ‘The bliss of enlightenment’ is the bliss for the purpose of attaining the culmination of enlightenment, which is designated as the path. The rest is easily understood.

နာဂိတသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Nāgita Sutta is concluded.

ပဉ္စင်္ဂိကဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Pañcaṅgika Vagga is concluded.

၄. သုမနဝဂ္ဂေါ

4. The Sumana Vagga.

၁. သုမနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

1. Commentary on the Sumana Sutta.

၃၁. စတုတ္ထဿ [Pg.15] ပဌမေ သတက္ကကူတိ သတသိခရော, အနေကကူဋောတိ အတ္ထော. ဣဒံ တဿ မဟာမေဃဘာဝဒဿနံ. သော ဟိ မဟာဝဿံ ဝဿတိ. တေနေဝါဟ – ‘‘ဣတော စိတော စ ဥဋ္ဌိတေန ဝလာဟကကူဋသတေန သမန္နာဂတောတိ အတ္ထော’’တိ. ဒဿနသမ္ပန္နောတိ ဧတ္ထ ဒဿနံ နာမ သောတာပတ္တိမဂ္ဂေါ. သော ဟိ ပဌမံ နိဗ္ဗာနဒဿနတော ‘‘ဒဿန’’န္တိ ဝုစ္စတိ. ယဒိပိ တံ ဂေါတြဘု ပဌမတရံ ပဿတိ, ဒိသွာ ပန ကတ္တဗ္ဗကိစ္စဿ ကိလေသပ္ပဟာနဿ အကရဏတော န တံ ‘‘ဒဿန’’န္တိ ဝုစ္စတိ. အာဝဇ္ဇနဋ္ဌာနိယဉှိ တံ ဉာဏံ. မဂ္ဂဿ နိဗ္ဗာနာရမ္မဏတာသာမညေန စေတံ ဝုတ္တံ, န နိဗ္ဗာနပ္ပဋိဝိဇ္ဈနေန, တသ္မာ ဓမ္မစက္ခုံ ပုနပ္ပုနံ နိဗ္ဗတ္တနေန ဘာဝနံ အပ္ပတ္တံ ဒဿနံ, ဓမ္မစက္ခုဉ္စ ပရိညာဒိကိစ္စကရဏေန စတုသစ္စဓမ္မဒဿနံ တဒဘိသမယောတိ နတ္ထေတ္ထ ဂေါတြဘုဿ ဒဿနဘာဝါပတ္တိ. သေသမေတ္ထ သုဝိညေယျမေဝ.

31. In the first sutta of the fourth vagga, 'a hundred peaks' means a hundred summits, implying many peaks. This illustrates its nature as a great rain cloud, for it pours down heavy rain. Hence it is said: 'Endowed with a hundred peaks of clouds rising from here and there'—this is the meaning. 'Endowed with vision'—here 'vision' refers to the path of stream-entry. For it is first called 'vision' because of seeing Nibbāna. Although the gotrabhū consciousness sees it earlier, since it does not perform the task to be done, namely, the abandoning of defilements, it is not called 'vision.' For that knowledge is of the nature of directing attention. And this is said because of the path having the common characteristic of Nibbāna as its object, not because of penetrating Nibbāna. Therefore, vision is the Dhamma-eye that has not yet attained development through repeated arising; and the Dhamma-eye is the seeing of the four noble truths and their comprehension by performing the function of full understanding and so on. Thus, the gotrabhū consciousness does not attain the state of 'vision' here. The rest here is easily understood.

သုမနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Sumanasutta is concluded.

၂. စုန္ဒီသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

2. Commentary on the Cundī Sutta

၃၂. ဒုတိယေ ‘‘အရိယကန္တေဟိ သီလေဟိ သမန္နာဂတော’’တိအာဒီသု (အ. နိ. ၅.၁၇၉) အရိယကန္တာနီတိ ပဉ္စသီလာနိ အာဂတာနိ. အရိယကန္တာနိ ဟိ ပဉ္စသီလာနိ အရိယာနံ ကန္တာနိ ပိယာနိ, ဘဝန္တရဂတာပိ အရိယာ တာနိ န ဝိဇဟန္တိ. ဣဓ ပန ‘‘ယာဝတာ, စုန္ဒ, သီလာနိ အရိယကန္တာနိ သီလာနိ, တေသံ အဂ္ဂမက္ခာယတိ…ပေ… အဂ္ဂေ တေ ပရိပူရကာရိနော’’တိ ဝုတ္တတ္တာ မဂ္ဂဖလာနိ သီလာနိ အဓိပ္ပေတာနီတိ အာဟ ‘‘အရိယကန္တာနိ သီလာနီတိ မဂ္ဂဖလသမ္ပယုတ္တာနိ သီလာနီ’’တိ.

32. In the second passage, regarding 'endowed with virtues dear to the noble ones,' etc. (AN 5.179), the term 'virtues dear to the noble ones' refers to the five precepts. Indeed, the five precepts are dear and pleasing to the noble ones; even noble ones who have gone to another existence do not abandon them. Here, however, since it is stated, 'As far as virtues dear to the noble ones, Cunda, the highest is declared... those who perfectly fulfill them,' virtues associated with the path and fruition are intended. Thus, it is said, '“Virtues dear to the noble ones” means the virtues connected with the path and fruition.'

စုန္ဒီသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Cundī Sutta is concluded.

၃. ဥဂ္ဂဟသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

3. Commentary on the Uggaha Sutta

၃၃. တတိယေ [Pg.16] သဗ္ဗပဌမံ ဥဋ္ဌာနသီလာတိ ရတ္တိယာ ဝိဘာယနဝေလာယ သာမိကေ ပရိဇနေ သေယျာယ အဝုဋ္ဌိတေ သဗ္ဗပဌမံ ဥဋ္ဌာနသီလာ. သာမိကံ ဒိသွာ နိသိန္နာသနတော အဂ္ဂိဒဍ္ဎာ ဝိယ ပဌမမေဝ ဝုဋ္ဌဟန္တီတိ ဝါ ပုဗ္ဗုဋ္ဌာယိနိယော. ကိံကာရန္တိ ကိံကရဏီယံ, ကိံကရဏဘာဝေန ပုစ္ဆိတွာ ကာတဗ္ဗဝေယျာဝစ္စန္တိ အတ္ထော. တံ ပဋိဿုဏန္တာ ဝိစရန္တီတိ ကိံကာရပ္ပဋိဿာဝိနိယော. မနာပံယေဝ ကိရိယံ ကရောန္တိ သီလေနာတိ မနာပစာရိနိယော. ပိယမေဝ ဝဒန္တိ သီလေနာတိ ပိယဝါဒိနိယော.

33. In the third passage, 'first to rise' (uṭṭhānasīlā) means being the first to rise at dawn, when the master and the household are not yet up from bed. Seeing the master, they rise immediately from their seats as if burned by fire; alternatively, they are those who rise early. 'What is to be done?' (kiṃkārā) means 'what needs to be done'; the meaning is that they ask what is to be done, inquiring about the service to be performed. They move about responding to requests, hence they are 'responsive to commands' (kiṃkārappaṭissāviniyo). They perform only pleasing actions by nature, hence they are 'pleasant in conduct' (manāpacāriniyo). They speak only pleasing words by nature, hence they are 'pleasant in speech' (piyavādiniyo).

တတြုပါယာယာတိ တတြ ကမ္မေ သာဓေတဗ္ဗဥပါယဘူတာယ ဝီမံသာယ. တေနာဟ ‘‘တသ္မိံ ဥဏ္ဏာကပ္ပာသသံဝိဓာနေ’’တိအာဒိ. အလံ ကာတုန္တိ ကာတုံ သမတ္ထာ. အလံ သံဝိဓာတုန္တိ ဝိစာရေတုံ သမတ္ထာ. တေနာဟ ‘‘အလံ ကာတုံ အလံ သံဝိဓာတုန္တိ အတ္တနာ ကာတုမ္ပိ ပရေဟိ ကာရာပေတုမ္ပီ’’တိအာဒိ. သေသမေတ္ထ သုဝိညေယျမေဝ.

'Skillful means there' (tatrupāyāya) refers to the investigation that serves as the means to accomplish that task. Hence it is said, 'in that arrangement of wool and cotton,' etc. 'Capable of doing' (alaṃ kātuṃ) means able to do. 'Capable of arranging' (alaṃ saṃvidhātuṃ) means able to deliberate. Hence it is said, 'capable of doing, capable of arranging' means 'able to do it oneself and also have others do it,' etc. The rest here is easily understandable.

ဥဂ္ဂဟသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Uggaha Sutta is concluded.

၄-၅. သီဟသေနာပတိသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

4-5. Commentary on the Sīhasenāpati Sutta and So Forth

၃၄-၃၅. စတုတ္ထေ သန္ဒိဋ္ဌိကန္တိ အသမ္ပရာယိကတာယ သာမံ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗံ. သယံ အနုဘဝိတဗ္ဗံ အတ္တပစ္စက္ခံ ဒိဋ္ဌဓမ္မိကန္တိ အတ္ထော. န သဒ္ဓါမတ္တကေနေဝ တိဋ္ဌတီတိ ‘‘ဒါနံ နာမ သာဓု သုန္ဒရံ, ဗုဒ္ဓါဒီဟိ ပဏ္ဍိတေဟိ ပသတ္ထ’’န္တိ ဧဝံ သဒ္ဓါမတ္တကေနေဝ န တိဋ္ဌတိ. ယံ ဒါနံ ဒေတီတိ ယံ ဒေယျဓမ္မံ ပရဿ ဒေတိ. တဿ ပတိ ဟုတွာတိ တဗ္ဗိသယံ လောဘံ သုဋ္ဌု အဘိဘဝန္တော တဿ အဓိပတိ ဟုတွာ ဒေတိ. တေန အနဓိဘဝနီယတ္တာ န ဒါသော န သဟာယောတိ. တတ္ထ တဒုဘယံ အနွယတော ဗျတိရေကတော စ ဒဿေတုံ ‘‘ယော ဟီ’’တိအာဒိ ဝုတ္တံ. ဒါသော ဟုတွာ ဒေတိ တဏှာဒါသဗျဿ ဥပဂတတ္တာ. သဟာယော ဟုတွာ ဒေတိ တဿ ပိယဘာဝါဝိဿဇ္ဇနတော. သာမီ ဟုတွာ ဒေတိ တတ္ထ တဏှာဒါသဗျတော အတ္တာနံ မောစေတွာ အဘိဘုယျ ပဝတ္တနတော. အထ ဝါ ယော ဒါနသီလတာယ ဒါယကော ပုဂ္ဂလော, သော ဒါနေ ပဝတ္တိဘေဒေန ဒါနဒါသော, ဒါနသဟာယော, ဒါနပတီတိ တိပ္ပကာရော ဟောတိ. တဒဿ တိပ္ပကာရတံ ဝိဘဇိတွာ ဒဿေတုံ ‘‘ယော ဟီ’’တိအာဒိ ဝုတ္တံ. ဒါတဗ္ဗဋ္ဌေန ဒါနံ, အန္နပါနာဒိ.

34-35. In the fourth passage, 'immediately visible' (sandiṭṭhikaṃ) means it should be seen for oneself, not pertaining to the hereafter. It is to be personally experienced, directly evident in the present life (attapaccakkhaṃ diṭṭhadhammikaṃ)—this is the meaning. It does not remain merely as faith—thinking, 'Giving is good, beautiful, praised by the wise such as the Buddha'—but goes beyond mere faith. 'One gives a gift' (yaṃ dānaṃ deti) means one offers something to another. 'Being its master' (tassa pati hutvā) means thoroughly overcoming greed regarding that object and giving as its sovereign. Because of not being overpowered by it, one is neither a slave nor a companion. Here, to show both the positive and negative aspects, 'For one who...' etc., is said. One gives as a slave because one is subject to the slavery of craving. One gives as a companion because of not relinquishing affection for it. One gives as a master because one frees oneself from the slavery of craving and gives while exercising control over it. Alternatively, a person who is a giver by virtue of a generous disposition becomes threefold in the act of giving: a slave to giving, a companion in giving, or a master of giving. To explain this threefold nature in detail, 'For one who...' etc., is said. A gift, in the sense of what is to be given, is food, drink, and the like.

တတ္ထ [Pg.17] ယံ အတ္တနာ ပရိဘုဉ္ဇတိ, တဏှာဓိပန္နတာယ တဿ ဝသေန ဝတ္တနတော ဒါသော ဝိယ ဟောတိ. ယံ ပရေသံ ဒီယတိ, တတ္ထာပိ အန္နပါနသာမညေန ဣဒံ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘ဒါနသင်္ခါတဿ ဒေယျဓမ္မဿ ဒါသော ဟုတွာ’’တိ. သဟာယော ဟုတွာ ဒေတိ အတ္တနာ ပရိဘုဉ္ဇိတဗ္ဗဿ ပရေသံ ဒါတဗ္ဗဿ စ သမသမံ ဌပနတော. ပတိ ဟုတွာ ဒေတိ သယံ ဒေယျဓမ္မဿ ဝသေ အဝတ္တိတွာ တဿ အတ္တနော ဝသေ ဝတ္တာပနတော. အပရော နယော – ယော အတ္တနာ ပဏီတံ ပရိဘုဉ္ဇိတွာ ပရေသံ နိဟီနံ ဒေတိ, သော ဒါနဒါသော နာမ တန္နိမိတ္တနိဟီနဘာဝါပတ္တိတော. ယော ယာဒိသံ အတ္တနာ ပရိဘုဉ္ဇတိ, တာဒိသမေဝ ပရေသံ ဒေတိ, သော ဒါနသဟာယော နာမ တန္နိမိတ္တဟီနာဓိကဘာဝဝိဝဇ္ဇနေန သဒိသဘာဝါပတ္တိတော. ယော အတ္တနာ နိဟီနံ ပရိဘုဉ္ဇိတွာ ပရေသံ ပဏီတံ ဒေတိ, သော ဒါနပတိ နာမ တန္နိမိတ္တသေဋ္ဌဘာဝါပတ္တိတော.

Here, as for what one enjoys oneself, being overcome by craving, one becomes like a slave, behaving under its power. As for what is given to others, even here, with regard to food and drink in general, it is said that one becomes 'a slave to the giftable thing designated as giving' (dānasaṅkhātassa deyyadhammassa dāso hutvā). One gives as a friend by placing what is to be enjoyed by oneself and what is to be given to others on an equal footing. One gives as a master by not behaving under the power of the giftable thing, but causing it to behave under one's own power. Another explanation: one who enjoys what is excellent oneself but gives what is inferior to others is called a 'slave of giving,' due to incurring an inferior state as a result of that. One who enjoys what is of the same quality as what one gives to others is called a 'friend of giving,' due to avoiding inferior or superior states as a result of that and attaining a similar state. One who enjoys what is inferior oneself but gives what is excellent to others is called a 'master of giving,' due to attaining a superior state as a result of that.

နိတ္တေဇဘူတော တေဇဟာနိပ္ပတ္တိယာ. သဟ ဗျတိ ဂစ္ဆတီတိ သဟဗျော, သဟပဝတ္တနကော, တဿ ဘာဝေါ သဟဗျတာ, သဟပဝတ္တီတိ အာဟ ‘‘သဟဘာဝံ ဧကီဘာဝံ ဂတာ’’တိ. အသိတဿာတိ ဝါ အဗန္ဓဿ, တဏှာဗန္ဓနေန အဗန္ဓဿာတိ အတ္ထော. ပဉ္စမံ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

'Devoid of radiance' (nittejabhūto) means due to the attainment of loss of radiance. 'Sahabyo' (companion) means 'saha byati gacchati' (goes along with), or 'sahapavattanako' (one who proceeds together). Its state is 'sahabyatā' (companionship) or 'sahapavattī' (co-proceeding); thus it is said, 'having gone to a state of co-existence, a state of unity.' Or, for one who is 'unbound' (asitassa), that is, not bound by the fetter of craving—this is the meaning. The fifth is clear in itself.

သီဟသေနာပတိသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Sīhasenāpati Sutta and So Forth is concluded.

၆-၇. ကာလဒါနသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

6-7. Commentary on the Kāladāna Sutta and So Forth

၃၆-၃၇. ဆဋ္ဌေ အာရာမတောတိ ဖလာရာမတော. ပဌမုပ္ပန္နာနီတိ သဗ္ဗပဌမံ သုဇာတာနိ. ဘာသိတညူတိ ဘိက္ခူ ဃရဒွါရေ ဌိတာ ကိဉ္စာပိ တုဏှီ ဟောန္တိ, အတ္ထတော ပန ‘‘ဘိက္ခံ ဒေထာ’’တိ ဝဒန္တိ နာမ အရိယာယ ယာစနာယ. ဝုတ္တဉှေတံ ‘‘ဥဒ္ဓိဿ အရိယာ တိဋ္ဌန္တိ, ဧသာ အရိယာနံ ယာစနာ’’တိ. တတြ ယေ ‘‘မယံ ပစာမ, ဣမေ န ပစန္တိ, ပစမာနေ ပတွာ အလဘန္တာ ကုဟိံ လဘိဿန္တီ’’တိ ဒေယျဓမ္မံ သံဝိဘဇန္တိ, တေ ဘာသိတညူ နာမ ဉတွာ ကတ္တဗ္ဗဿ ကရဏတော. ယုတ္တပ္ပတ္တကာလေတိ ဒါတုံ ယုတ္တပ္ပတ္တကာလေ. အပ္ပဋိဝါနစိတ္တောတိ အနိဝတ္တနစိတ္တော. သတ္တမံ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

36-37. In the sixth, ārāmato means from the fruit garden. Paṭhamuppannāni means those that are the very first, well-grown. Bhāsitaññū refers to monks standing at the door of a house; although they are silent, in essence they are saying, “Give alms,” which is the noble way of asking. For it is said, “The noble stand expecting, this is the asking of the noble.” There, those who think, “We cook, these do not cook; if, coming when we are cooking, they do not receive, where will they receive?” and share the gift, are called bhāsitaññū because of knowing and doing what ought to be done. Yuttappattakāle means at the time fit for giving. Appaṭivānacitto means with a mind that does not turn back. The seventh is straightforward.

ကာလဒါနသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Kāladāna Sutta and So Forth is concluded.

၈. သဒ္ဓသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

8. Commentary on the Saddha Sutta

၃၈. အဋ္ဌမေ [Pg.18] အနုကမ္ပန္တီတိ ‘‘သဗ္ဗေ သတ္တာ သုခီ ဟောန္တု အဝေရာ အဗျာပဇ္ဇာ’’တိ ဧဝံ ဟိတဖရဏေန အနုဂ္ဂဏှန္တိ. အပိစ ဥပဋ္ဌာကာနံ ဂေဟံ အညေ သီလဝန္တေ သဗြဟ္မစာရိနော ဂဟေတွာ ပဝိသန္တာပိ အနုဂ္ဂဏှန္တိ နာမ. နီစဝုတ္တိန္တိ ပဏိပါတသီလံ. ကောဓမာနထဒ္ဓတာယ ရဟိတန္တိ ကောဓမာနဝသေန ဥပ္ပန္နော ယော ထဒ္ဓဘာဝေါ စိတ္တဿ ဥဒ္ဓုမာတလက္ခဏော, တေန ဝိရဟိတန္တိ အတ္ထော. သောရစ္စေနာတိ ‘‘တတ္ထ ကတမံ သောရစ္စံ? ယော ကာယိကော အဝီတိက္ကမော, ဝါစသိကော အဝီတိက္ကမော, ကာယိကဝါစသိကော အဝီတိက္ကမော, ဣဒံ ဝုစ္စတိ သောရစ္စံ. သဗ္ဗောပိ သီလသံဝရော သောရစ္စ’’န္တိ ဧဝမာဂတေန သီလသံဝရသင်္ခါတေန သောရတဘာဝေန. သခိလန္တိ ‘‘တတ္ထ ကတမံ သာခလျံ? ယာ သာ ဝါစာ ထဒ္ဓကာ ကက္ကသာ ဖရုသာ ကဋုကာ အဘိသဇ္ဇနီ ကောဓသာမန္တာ အသမာဓိသံဝတ္တနိကာ, တထာရူပိံ ဝါစံ ပဟာယ ယာ သာ ဝါစာ နေလာ ကဏ္ဏသုခါ ပေမနီယာ ဟဒယင်္ဂမာ ပေါရီ ဗဟုဇနကန္တာ ဗဟုဇနမနာပါ, တထာရူပိံ ဝါစံ ဘာသိတာ ဟောတိ. ယာ တတ္ထ သဏှဝါစတာ သခိလဝါစတာ အဖရုသဝါစတာ, ဣဒံ ဝုစ္စတိ သာခလျ’’န္တိ (ဓ. သ. ၁၃၅၀) ဧဝံ ဝုတ္တေန သမ္မောဒကမုဒုဘာဝေန သမန္နာဂတံ. တေနာဟ ‘‘သခိလန္တိ သမ္မောဒက’’န္တိ.

38. In the eighth, anukampanti means they support by pervading with what is beneficial, thinking: “May all beings be happy, free from enmity and affliction.” Moreover, when entering the homes of supporters with other virtuous fellow monastics, they are also said to be supporting. Nīcavutti means the practice of bowing down. Kodhamānathaddhatāya rahitaṃ means devoid of the rigidity of mind characterized by puffing up, which arises from anger and conceit. Soraccena means by the state of gentleness which is designated as moral restraint, as it is said: “What is gentleness? It is the non-transgression by body, non-transgression by speech, non-transgression by body and speech—this is called gentleness. All restraint of virtue is gentleness.” Sakhilaṃ means endowed with a welcoming and amiable disposition, as it is said: “What is kind speech? It is abandoning harsh, rough, bitter, offensive speech that provokes anger and does not lead to concentration, and instead speaking words that are gentle, pleasing to the ear, affectionate, touching the heart, courteous, pleasing to the people, and agreeable to the people. The quality of such gentle, kind, and non-harsh speech is called kind speech.” Hence it is said, “Sakhilaṃ means welcoming.”

သဒ္ဓသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Saddha Sutta is concluded.

၉-၁၀. ပုတ္တသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

9-10. Commentary on the Puttasutta and So Forth

၃၉-၄၀. နဝမေ ဘတောတိ ပေါသိတော. တံ ပန ဘရဏံ ဇာတကာလတော ပဋ္ဌာယ သုခပစ္စယူပဟရဏေန ဒုက္ခပစ္စယာပဟရဏေန စ ပဝတ္တိတန္တိ ဒဿေတုံ ‘‘အမှေဟီ’’တိအာဒိ ဝုတ္တံ. ဟတ္ထပါဒဝဍ္ဎနာဒီဟီတိ အာဒိ-သဒ္ဒေန မုခေန သိင်္ဃာနိကာပနယနနဟာပနမဏ္ဍနာဒိဉ္စ သင်္ဂဏှာတိ. မာတာပိတူနံ သန္တကံ ခေတ္တာဒိံ အဝိနာသေတွာ ရက္ခိတံ တေသံ ပရမ္ပရာယ ဌိတိယာ ကာရဏံ ဟောတီတိ အာဟ ‘‘အမှာကံ သန္တကံ…ပေ… ကုလဝံသော စိရံ ဌဿတီ’’တိ. သလာကဘတ္တာဒီနိ အနုပစ္ဆိန္ဒိတွာတိ သလာကဘတ္တာဒီနိ အဝိစ္ဆိန္ဒိတွာ. ယသ္မာ ဒါယဇ္ဇပ္ပဋိလာဘဿ ယောဂျဘာဝေန ဝတ္တမာနောယေဝ ဒါယဿ ပဋိပဇ္ဇိဿတိ, န ဣတရောတိ အာဟ ‘‘ကုလဝံသာနုရူပါယ ပဋိပတ္တိယာ’’တိအာဒိ[Pg.19]. အတ္တနာ ဒါယဇ္ဇာရဟံ ကရောန္တောတိ အတ္တာနံ ဒါယဇ္ဇာရဟံ ကရောန္တော. မာတာပိတရော ဟိ အတ္တနော ဩဝါဒေ အဝတ္တမာနေ မိစ္ဆာပဋိပန္နေ ဒါရကေ ဝိနိစ္ဆယံ ဂန္တွာ အပုတ္တေ ကရောန္တိ, တေ ဒါယဇ္ဇာရဟာ န ဟောန္တိ. ဩဝါဒေ ဝတ္တမာနေ ပန ကုလသန္တကဿ သာမိကေ ကရောန္တိ. တတိယဒိဝသတော ပဋ္ဌာယာတိ မတဒိဝသတော တတိယဒိဝသတော ပဋ္ဌာယ. သေသံ သုဝိညေယျမေဝ. ဒသမံ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

39-40. In the ninth, bhato means nourished. That support, however, is shown to operate from birth onwards by providing comforts and removing discomforts, hence the phrase “by us” and so forth is used. Regarding hatthapādavaḍḍhanādīhi, the word “and so forth” also includes removing mucus from the mouth, bathing, adorning, and so on. Not destroying the parents’ property, such as fields, and protecting it becomes the reason for the continuity of their lineage, hence it is said: “our property… the family line will long endure.” Salākabhattādīni anupacchinditvā means without cutting off the salākabhatta and so forth. Because only one who is fit to receive the inheritance will obtain the inheritance, and not another, it is said: “by conduct befitting the family lineage,” and so forth. Attanā dāyajjārahaṃ karonto means making oneself deserving of inheritance. For parents, when their children do not follow their advice and behave wrongly, they judge them and disinherit them; such children are not worthy of inheritance. But if they follow the advice, they make them owners of the family property. Tatiyadivasato paṭṭhāya means starting from the third day after the death. The rest is easily understood. The tenth is straightforward.

ပုတ္တသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Puttasutta and So Forth is concluded.

သုမနဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Sumanavagga is concluded.

၅. မုဏ္ဍရာဇဝဂ္ဂေါ

5. The Muṇḍarāja Vagga

၁-၂. အာဒိယသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

1-2. Commentary on the Ādiyasutta and So Forth

၄၁-၄၂. ပဉ္စမဿ ပဌမေ ဥဋ္ဌာနဝီရိယာဓိဂတေဟီတိ ဝါ ဥဋ္ဌာနေန စ ဝီရိယေန စ အဓိဂတေဟိ. တတ္ထ ဥဋ္ဌာနန္တိ ကာယိကံ ဝီရိယံ. ဝီရိယန္တိ စေတသိကန္တိ ဝဒန္တိ. ဥဋ္ဌာနန္တိ ဝါ ဘောဂုပ္ပာဒနေ ယုတ္တပ္ပယုတ္တတာ. ဝီရိယံ တဇ္ဇော ဥဿာဟော. ပီဏိတန္တိ ဓာတံ သုတိတ္တံ. တထာဘူတော ပန ယသ္မာ ထူလသရီရော ဟောတိ, တသ္မာ ‘‘ထူလံ ကရောတီ’’တိ ဝုတ္တံ. ဒုတိယံ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

41-42. In the first of the fifth, uṭṭhānavīriyādhigatehi means achieved by effort and energy, or by effort and by energy. Here, uṭṭhāna refers to bodily energy. Vīriya refers to mental energy, they say. Or, uṭṭhāna can mean being constantly engaged in the production of wealth. Vīriya is the effort born of that. Pīṇita means nourished, saturated. Being of such a nature, because one becomes gross in body, it is therefore said, “one makes it gross.” The second is straightforward.

အာဒိယသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Ādiyasutta and So Forth is concluded.

၃. ဣဋ္ဌသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

3. Commentary on the Iṭṭha Sutta

၄၃. တတိယေ အပ္ပမာဒံ ပသံသန္တီတိ ‘‘ဧတာနိ အာယုအာဒီနိ ပတ္ထယန္တေန အပ္ပမာဒေါ ကာတဗ္ဗော’’တိ အပ္ပမာဒမေဝ ပသံသန္တိ ပဏ္ဍိတာ. ယသ္မာ ဝါ ပုညကိရိယာသု ပဏ္ဍိတာ အပ္ပမာဒံ ပသံသန္တိ, တသ္မာ အာယုအာဒီနိ ပတ္ထယန္တေန အပ္ပမာဒေါဝ ကာတဗ္ဗောတိ အတ္ထော. ပုရိမသ္မိံ အတ္ထဝိကပ္ပေ ‘‘ပုညကိရိယာသူ’’တိ ပဒဿ ‘‘အပ္ပမတ္တော’’တိ ဣမိနာ သမ္ဗန္ဓော. ယသ္မာ ပဏ္ဍိတာ အပ္ပမာဒံ ပသံသန္တိ, ယသ္မာ စ ပုညကိရိယာသု အပ္ပမတ္တော ဥဘော အတ္ထေ အဓိဂတော ဟောတိ, တသ္မာ အာယုအာဒီနိ ပတ္ထယန္တေန အပ္ပမာဒေါဝ [Pg.20] ကာတဗ္ဗော. ဒုတိယသ္မိံ အတ္ထဝိကပ္ပေ ပဏ္ဍိတာ အပ္ပမာဒံ ပသံသန္တိ. ကတ္ထာတိ? ပုညကိရိယာသု. ကသ္မာတိ စေ? ယသ္မာ အပ္ပမတ္တော ဥဘော အတ္ထေ အဓိဂ္ဂဏှာတိ ပဏ္ဍိတော, တသ္မာတိ အတ္ထော. အတ္ထပ္ပဋိလာဘေနာတိ ဒိဋ္ဌဓမ္မိကာဒိဟိတပ္ပဋိလာဘေန.

43. In the third sutta, they praise heedfulness: ‘For one who desires long life and other blessings, heedfulness should be practiced’—thus the wise praise only heedfulness. Or, because the wise praise heedfulness in meritorious deeds, therefore, for one desiring long life and other blessings, heedfulness alone should be practiced—this is the meaning. In the former interpretation, the phrase ‘in meritorious deeds’ is connected with ‘the heedful one’. Because the wise praise heedfulness, and because the heedful one attains both goals through meritorious deeds, therefore, for one desiring long life and other blessings, heedfulness alone should be practiced. In the second interpretation, the wise praise heedfulness. Where? In meritorious deeds. Why? Because the heedful one, being wise, attains both goals—this is the meaning. By attaining benefits means by attaining benefits such as those pertaining to this present life and others.

ဣဋ္ဌသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Iṭṭha Sutta is concluded.

၄. မနာပဒါယီသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

4. Commentary on the Manāpadāyī Sutta

၄၄. စတုတ္ထေ ဈာနမနေန နိဗ္ဗတ္တံ မနောမယန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘သုဒ္ဓါဝါသေသု ဧကံ ဈာနမနေန နိဗ္ဗတ္တံ ဒေဝကာယ’’န္တိ. သတိပိ ဟိ သဗ္ဗသတ္တာနံ အဘိသင်္ခါရမနသာ နိဗ္ဗတ္တဘာဝေ ဗာဟိရပစ္စယေဟိ ဝိနာ မနသာဝ နိဗ္ဗတ္တတ္တာ ‘‘မနောမယာ’’တိ ဝုစ္စန္တိ ရူပါဝစရသတ္တာ. ယဒိ ဧဝံ ကာမဘဝေ ဩပပါတိကသတ္တာနမ္ပိ မနောမယဘာဝေါ အာပဇ္ဇတီတိ စေ? န, တတ္ထ ဗာဟိရပစ္စယေဟိ နိဗ္ဗတ္တေတဗ္ဗတာသင်္ကာယ ဧဝ အဘာဝတော ‘‘မနသာဝ နိဗ္ဗတ္တာ’’တိ အဝဓာရဏာသမ္ဘဝတော. နိရုဠှော ဝါယံ လောကေ မနောမယဝေါဟာရော ရူပါဝစရသတ္တေသု. တထာ ဟိ ‘‘အန္နမယော, ပါဏမယော, မနောမယော, အာနန္ဒမယော, ဝိညာဏမယော’’တိ ပဉ္စဓာ အတ္တာနံ ဝေဒဝါဒိနောပိ ဝဒန္တိ. ဥစ္ဆေဒဝါဒိနောပိ ဝဒန္တိ ‘‘ဒိဗ္ဗော ရူပီ မနောမယော’’တိ (ဒီ. နိ. ၁.၈၇). တီသု ဝါ ကုလသမ္ပတ္တီသူတိ ဗြာဟ္မဏခတ္တိယဝေဿသင်္ခါတေသု သမ္ပန္နကုလေသု. ဆသု ဝါ ကာမသဂ္ဂေသူတိ ဆသု ကာမာဝစရဒေဝေသု.

44. In the fourth sutta, regarding ‘mind-made’ (manomaya), it is said: ‘A divine body produced by jhāna-mind in the Pure Abodes’. Indeed, although all beings are produced by the mind of volitional formations, form-sphere beings are called ‘mind-made’ because they are produced by the mind alone without external conditions. If so, does this ‘mind-made’ nature also apply to spontaneously arisen beings in the sense-sphere? No, because there, due to the absence of any doubt about their being produced by external conditions, the definitive statement ‘produced by the mind alone’ is not possible. This conventional term ‘mind-made’ is firmly established in the world for form-sphere beings. Thus, even the Vedavadins speak of the self as fivefold: ‘made of food, made of breath, made of mind, made of bliss, made of consciousness’. Even the annihilationists say, ‘divine, having form, mind-made’ (Dīgha Nikāya 1.87). Or, ‘in the three families with good lineage’—namely, in the well-endowed families called brahmins, khattiyas, and vessas. Or, ‘in the six sense-sphere heavens’—namely, among the six classes of sense-sphere deities.

မနာပဒါယီသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Manāpadāyī Sutta is concluded.

၅-၆. ပုညာဘိသန္ဒသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

5–6. Commentary on the Puññābhisanda Sutta and Others

၄၅-၄၆. ပဉ္စမေ အသင်္ခေယျောတိ အာဠှကဂဏနာယ အသင်္ခေယျော. ယောဇနဝသေန ပနဿ သင်္ခါ အတ္ထိ ဟေဋ္ဌာ မဟာပထဝိယာ ဥပရိ အာကာသေန ပရိသမန္တတော စက္ကဝါဠပဗ္ဗတေန မဇ္ဈေ တတ္ထ တတ္ထ ဌိတကေဟိ ဒီပပဗ္ဗတပရိယန္တေဟိ ပရိစ္ဆိန္နတ္တာ ဇာနန္တေန ယောဇနတော သင်္ခါတုံ သက္ကာတိ ကတွာ. မဟာသရီရမစ္ဆကုမ္ဘီလယက္ခရက္ခသမဟာနာဂဒါနဝါဒီနံ သဝိညာဏကာနံ ဗလဝါမုခပါတာလာဒီနံ အဝိညာဏကာနံ ဘေရဝါရမ္မဏာနံ ဝသေန ဗဟုဘေရဝံ[Pg.21]. ပုထူတိ ဗဟူ. သဝန္တီတိ သန္ဒမာနာ. ဥပယန္တီတိ ဥပဂစ္ဆန္တိ. ဆဋ္ဌံ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

45–46. In the fifth sutta, ‘immeasurable’ means immeasurable by the measure of āḷhakas. However, its measure exists in terms of yojanas, because below the great earth, above the sky, and all around, it is bounded by the encircling Cakkavāḷa mountains and by the islands and mountains standing here and there in the middle; thus, one who knows can reckon it in yojanas. It is a place of great terror because of great-bodied fish, crocodiles, yakkhas, ogres, great nāgas, dānavas, and other conscious beings, as well as the terrifying objects of Balavāmukha, the abyss, and other unconscious, frightful things. ‘Many’ (puthū) means numerous. ‘Flowing’ (savanti) means streaming. ‘Approaching’ (upayanti) means drawing near. The sixth sutta is self-explanatory.

ပုညာဘိသန္ဒသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Puññābhisanda Sutta and Others is concluded.

၇-၈. ဓနသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

7–8. Commentary on the Dhana Sutta and Others

၄၇-၄၈. သတ္တမေ သဒ္ဓါတိ မဂ္ဂေနာဂတာ သဒ္ဓါ. သီလဉ္စ ယဿ ကလျာဏန္တိ ကလျာဏသီလံ နာမ အရိယသာဝကဿ အရိယကန္တံ သီလံ ဝုစ္စတိ. တတ္ထ ကိဉ္စာပိ အရိယသာဝကဿ ဧကသီလမ္ပိ အကန္တံ နာမ နတ္ထိ, ဣမသ္မိံ ပနတ္ထေ ဘဝန္တရေပိ အပ္ပဟီနံ ပဉ္စသီလံ အဓိပ္ပေတံ. အဋ္ဌမံ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

47–48. In the seventh sutta, ‘faith’ (saddhā) means the faith that has come through the path. ‘And virtue that is beautiful’ (sīlañca yassa kalyāṇaṃ) means the virtuous conduct of a noble disciple, which is called virtue pleasing to the noble ones. Here, although there is no single virtue of a noble disciple that is not pleasing, in this context, the five precepts not abandoned even in future existences are intended. The eighth sutta is self-explanatory.

ဓနသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Dhana Sutta and Others is concluded.

၉. ကောသလသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

9. Commentary on the Kosala Sutta

၄၉. နဝမေ ပတိတက္ခန္ဓောတိ သမ္မုခါ ကိဉ္စိ ဩလောကေတုံ အသမတ္ထတာယ အဓောမုခေါ. နိပ္ပဋိဘာနောတိ သဟဓမ္မိကံ ကိဉ္စိ ဝတ္တုံ အဝိသဟနတော နိပ္ပဋိဘာနော ပဋိဘာနရဟိတော.

49. In the ninth sutta, ‘with shoulders drooping’ (patitakkhandho) means downcast, due to being unable to look at anything face-to-face. ‘Without response’ (nippaṭibhāno) means being without wit or resource, unable to venture to say anything concerning a fellow practitioner.

ကောသလသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Kosala Sutta is concluded.

၁၀. နာရဒသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

10. Commentary on the Nārada Sutta

၅၀. ဒသမေ အဇ္ဈောမုစ္ဆိတောတိ အဓိမတ္တာယ တဏှာမုစ္ဆာယ မုစ္ဆိတော, မုစ္ဆံ မောဟံ ပမာဒံ အာပန္နော. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဂိလိတွာ…ပေ… အတိရေကမုစ္ဆာယ တဏှာယ သမန္နာဂတော’’တိ. မဟစ္စာတိ မဟတိယာ. လိင်္ဂဝိပလ္လာသေန စေတံ ဝုတ္တံ. တေနာဟ ‘‘မဟတာ ရာဇာနုဘာဝေနာ’’တိ.

50. In the tenth sutta, ‘overcome’ (ajjhomucchito) means overcome by excessive craving-infatuation, having fallen into infatuation, delusion, and heedlessness. Hence it is said: ‘having swallowed… possessed by excessive craving’. ‘Great’ (mahaccā) means by a great one. This is said with a reversal of gender. Hence it is said: ‘by great royal power’.

နာရဒသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Nārada Sutta is concluded.

မုဏ္ဍရာဇဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Muṇḍarāja Vagga is concluded.

ပဌမပဏ္ဏာသကံ နိဋ္ဌိတံ.

The First Fifty is concluded.

၂. ဒုတိယပဏ္ဏာသကံ

2. The Second Fifty

(၆) ၁. နီဝရဏဝဂ္ဂေါ

(6) 1. The Chapter on the Hindrances

၁-၂. အာဝရဏသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

1-2. Commentary on the Āvaraṇa Sutta and Others

၅၁-၅၂. ဒုတိယဿ [Pg.22] ပဌမေ အာဝရန္တီတိ အာဝရဏာ, နီဝါရယန္တီတိ နီဝရဏာ. ဧတ္ထ စ အာဝရန္တီတိ ကုသလဓမ္မုပ္ပတ္တိံ အာဒိတော ပရိဝါရေန္တိ. နီဝါရယန္တီတိ နိရဝသေသတော ဝါရယန္တီတိ အတ္ထော, တသ္မာ အာဝရဏဝသေနာတိ အာဒိတော ကုသလုပ္ပတ္တိဝါရဏဝသေန. နီဝရဏဝသေနာတိ နိရဝသေသတော ဝါရဏဝသေနာတိ ဧဝမေတ္ထ အတ္ထော ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗော. ယသ္မာ ပဉ္စ နီဝရဏာ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇမာနာ အနုပ္ပန္နာယ လောကိယလောကုတ္တရာယ ပညာယ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇိတုံ န ဒေန္တိ, ဥပ္ပန္နာပိ အဋ္ဌ သမာပတ္တိယော ပဉ္စ ဝါ အဘိညာ ဥပစ္ဆိန္ဒိတွာ ပါတေန္တိ, တသ္မာ ‘‘ပညာယ ဒုဗ္ဗလီကရဏာ’’တိ ဝုစ္စန္တိ. ဥပစ္ဆိန္ဒနံ ပါတနဉ္စေတ္ထ တာသံ ပညာနံ အနုပ္ပန္နာနံ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇိတုံ အပ္ပဒါနမေဝ. ဣတိ မဟဂ္ဂတာနုတ္တရပညာနံ ဧကစ္စာယ စ ပရိတ္တပညာယ အနုပ္ပတ္တိဟေတုဘူတာ နီဝရဏဓမ္မာ ဣတရာသံ သမတ္ထတံ ဝိဟနန္တိယေဝါတိ ပညာယ ဒုဗ္ဗလီကရဏာ ဝုတ္တာ. ဘာဝနာမနသိကာရေန ဝိနာ ပကတိယာ မနုဿေဟိ နိဗ္ဗတ္တေတဗ္ဗော ဓမ္မောတိ မနုဿဓမ္မော, မနုဿတ္တဘာဝါဝဟော ဝါ ဓမ္မော မနုဿဓမ္မော, အနုဠာရံ ပရိတ္တကုသလံ. ယံ အသတိပိ ဗုဒ္ဓုပ္ပာဒေ ဝတ္တတိ, ယဉ္စ သန္ဓာယာဟ ‘‘ဟီနေန ဗြဟ္မစရိယေန, ခတ္တိယေ ဥပပဇ္ဇတီ’’တိ (ဇာ. ၁.၈.၇၅). အလံ အရိယာယ အရိယဘာဝါယာတိ အလမရိယော, အရိယဘာဝါယ သမတ္ထောတိ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ. ဉာဏဒဿနမေဝ ဉာဏဒဿနဝိသေသော, အလမရိယော စ သော ဉာဏဒဿနဝိသေသော စာတိ အလမရိယဉာဏဒဿနဝိသေသော.

51-52. In the first of the second pair: ‘they obstruct’ (āvaranti), thus they are ‘obstructions’ (āvaraṇā); ‘they hinder’ (nīvārayanti), thus they are ‘hindrances’ (nīvaraṇā). Herein, ‘they obstruct’ means they envelop the arising of wholesome qualities from the very beginning. ‘They hinder’ means they ward off without remainder; this is the meaning. Therefore, ‘by way of obstruction’ means by way of warding off the arising of the wholesome from the start. ‘By way of hindrance’ means by way of warding off without remainder; this is how the meaning should be understood here. For when the five hindrances arise, they do not allow unarisen mundane and supramundane wisdom to arise; and if these have arisen, they cut them off and cause the eight attainments or the five higher knowledges to fall. Therefore they are called ‘weakeners of wisdom.’ Herein, ‘cutting off’ and ‘causing to fall’ simply means not giving an opportunity for those unarisen wisdoms to arise. Thus, the hindering states, being the cause for the non-arising of exalted and unsurpassed wisdom and of certain limited wisdoms, and destroying the competence of others, are called ‘weakeners of wisdom.’ A ‘human quality’ (manussadhammo) is a quality to be generated by humans in the ordinary course of things without meditative development, or it is a quality that leads to a human state of existence; it is limited, minor wholesome action. It is present even when there is no arising of a Buddha, and it is with reference to this that it is said: ‘Through an inferior holy life, one is reborn among the khattiyas’ (Jā 1.8.75). ‘Sufficient for the noble state’ (alaṃ ariyāya ariyabhāvāya), thus ‘sufficiently noble’ (alamariyo); it means being capable of the noble state. ‘A special knowledge and vision’ (ñāṇadassanaviseso) is just knowledge and vision. And that special knowledge and vision is sufficiently noble, thus ‘a special knowledge and vision that is sufficiently noble’ (alamariyañāṇadassanaviseso).

ဉာဏဒဿနန္တိ စ ဒိဗ္ဗစက္ခုပိ ဝိပဿနာပိ မဂ္ဂေါပိ ဖလမ္ပိ ပစ္စဝေက္ခဏဉာဏမ္ပိ သဗ္ဗညုတညာဏမ္ပိ ဝုစ္စတိ. ‘‘အပ္ပမတ္တော သမာနော ဉာဏဒဿနံ အာရာဓေတီ’’တိ (မ. နိ. ၁.၃၁၁) ဟိ ဧတ္ထ ဒိဗ္ဗစက္ခု ဉာဏဒဿနံ နာမ. ‘‘ဉာဏဒဿနာယ စိတ္တံ အဘိနီဟရတိ အဘိနိန္နာမေတီ’’တိ (ဒီ. နိ. ၁.၂၃၄) ဧတ္ထ ဝိပဿနာဉာဏံ. ‘‘အဘဗ္ဗာ တေ ဉာဏာယ ဒဿနာယ အနုတ္တရာယ သမ္ဗောဓာယာ’’တိ (အ. နိ. ၄.၁၉၆) ဧတ္ထ မဂ္ဂေါ. ‘‘အယမညော [Pg.23] ဥတ္တရိမနုဿဓမ္မာ အလမရိယဉာဏဒဿနဝိသေသော အဓိဂတော ဖာသုဝိဟာရော’’တိ (မ. နိ. ၁.၃၂၈) ဧတ္ထ ဖလံ. ‘‘ဉာဏဉ္စ ပန မေ ဒဿနံ ဥဒပါဒိ, အကုပ္ပာ မေ ဝိမုတ္တိ, အယမန္တိမာ ဇာတိ, နတ္ထိ ဒါနိ ပုနဗ္ဘဝေါ’’တိ (သံ. နိ. ၅.၁၀၈၁; မဟာဝ. ၁၆; ပဋိ. မ. ၂.၃၀) ဧတ္ထ ပစ္စဝေက္ခဏဉာဏံ. ‘‘ဉာဏဉ္စ ပန မေ ဒဿနံ ဥဒပါဒိ ‘သတ္တာဟကာလကတော အာဠာရော ကာလာမော’’’တိ (မ. နိ. ၁.၂၈၄; ၂.၃၄၀) ဧတ္ထ သဗ္ဗညုတညာဏံ. ဣဓ ပန လောကုတ္တရဓမ္မော အဓိပ္ပေတော. ဧတ္ထ စ ရူပါယတနံ ဇာနာတိ စက္ခုဝိညာဏံ ဝိယ ပဿတိ စာတိ ဉာဏဒဿနံ, ဒိဗ္ဗစက္ခု. သမ္မသနူပစာရေ စ ဓမ္မလက္ခဏတ္တယဉ္စ တထာ ဇာနာတိ ပဿတိ စာတိ ဉာဏဒဿနံ, ဝိပဿနာ. နိဗ္ဗာနံ စတ္တာရိ ဝါ သစ္စာနိ အသမ္မောဟပ္ပဋိဝေဓတော ဇာနာတိ ပဿတိ စာတိ ဉာဏဒဿနံ, မဂ္ဂေါ. ဖလံ ပန နိဗ္ဗာနဝသေနေဝ ယောဇေတဗ္ဗံ. ပစ္စဝေက္ခဏာ မဂ္ဂါဓိဂတဿ အတ္ထဿ သဗ္ဗသော ဇောတနဋ္ဌေန ဉာဏဒဿနံ. သဗ္ဗညုတာ အနာဝရဏတာယ သမန္တစက္ခုတာယ စ ဉာဏဒဿနံ. ဗျာဒိဏ္ဏကာလောတိ ပရိယာဒိန္နကာလော. ဒုတိယံ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

‘Knowledge and vision’ can refer to the divine eye, insight, the path, the fruit, reviewing knowledge, and omniscient knowledge. For it is said: ‘Being diligent, one attains knowledge and vision’ (MN 1.311); here ‘knowledge and vision’ is the divine eye. ‘He directs and inclines his mind toward knowledge and vision’ (DN 1.234); here it is insight-knowledge. ‘They are incapable of knowledge, of vision, of unsurpassed full enlightenment’ (AN 4.196); here it is the path. ‘This other superhuman quality has been attained, a distinction in noble knowledge and vision, a pleasant abiding’ (MN 1.328); here it is the fruit. ‘And knowledge and vision arose in me: “Unshakable is my liberation, this is the last birth, there is now no further state of being”’ (SN 5.1081; Mhv 16; Paṭis II 30); here it is reviewing knowledge. ‘And knowledge and vision arose in me: “Āḷāra Kālāma died seven days ago”’ (MN 1.284; 2.340); here it is omniscient knowledge. Here, however, a supramundane state is intended. In this context, ‘knowledge and vision’ is the divine eye, as ‘it knows the form-base and sees as the eye-consciousness does.’ In the preliminary stage of comprehension, ‘it similarly knows and sees the three characteristics of phenomena’; this is ‘knowledge and vision’ as insight. ‘It knows and sees Nibbāna or the four truths through non-deluded penetration’; this is ‘knowledge and vision’ as the path. The fruit, however, should be construed in terms of Nibbāna. Reviewing knowledge is ‘knowledge and vision’ in the sense of completely illuminating the meaning attained by the path. Omniscience is ‘knowledge and vision’ because of its unobstructedness and its quality of being the all-around eye. ‘Byādiṇṇakālo’ means the time has been completely exhausted. The second sutta is self-evident.

အာဝရဏသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Āvaraṇa Sutta and Others is concluded.

၃-၄. ပဓာနိယင်္ဂသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

3-4. Commentary on the Padhāniyaṅga Sutta and Others

၅၃-၅၄. တတိယေ ပဒဟတီတိ ပဒဟနော, ဘာဝနမနုယုတ္တော ယောဂီ, တဿ ဘာဝေါ ဘာဝနာနုယောဂေါ ပဒဟနဘာဝေါ. ပဓာနမဿ အတ္ထီတိ ပဓာနိကော, က-ကာရဿ ယ-ကာရံ ကတွာ ‘‘ပဓာနိယော’’တိ ဝုတ္တံ. ‘‘အဘိနီဟာရတော ပဋ္ဌာယ အာဂတတ္တာ’’တိ ဝုတ္တတ္တာ ပစ္စေကဗောဓိသတ္တသာဝကဗောဓိသတ္တာနမ္ပိ ပဏိဓာနတော ပဘုတိ အာဂတသဒ္ဓါ အာဂမနသဒ္ဒါ ဧဝ, ဥက္ကဋ္ဌနိဒ္ဒေသေန ပန ‘‘သဗ္ဗညုဗောဓိသတ္တာန’’န္တိ ဝုတ္တံ. အဓိဂမတော သမုဒါဂတတ္တာ အဂ္ဂမဂ္ဂဖလသမ္ပယုတ္တာ စာပိ အဓိဂမသဒ္ဓါ နာမ, ယာ သောတာပန္နဿ အင်္ဂဘာဝေန ဝုတ္တာ. အစလဘာဝေနာတိ ပဋိပက္ခေန အနဓိဘဝနီယတ္တာ နိစ္စလဘာဝေန. ဩကပ္ပနန္တိ ဩက္ကန္ဒိတွာ အဓိမုစ္စနံ, ပသာဒုပ္ပတ္တိယာ ပသာဒနီယဝတ္ထုသ္မိံ ပသီဒနမေဝ. သုပ္ပဋိဝိဒ္ဓန္တိ သုဋ္ဌု ပဋိဝိဒ္ဓံ. ယထာ တေန ပဋိဝိဒ္ဓေန သဗ္ဗညုတညာဏံ ဟတ္ထဂတံ အဟောသိ, တထာ ပဋိဝိဒ္ဓံ. ယဿ ဗုဒ္ဓသုဗုဒ္ဓတာယ သဒ္ဓါ အစလာ အသမ္ပဝေဓိ, တဿ ဓမ္မသုဓမ္မတာယ သံဃသုပ္ပဋိပန္နတာယ [Pg.24] တေန ပဋိဝေဓေန သဒ္ဓါ န တထာတိ အဋ္ဌာနမေတံ အနဝကာသော. တေနာဟ ဘဂဝါ – ‘‘ယော, ဘိက္ခဝေ, ဗုဒ္ဓေ ပသန္နော ဓမ္မေ ပသန္နော သံဃေ ပသန္နော’’တိအာဒိ. ပဓာနဝီရိယံ ဣဇ္ဈတိ ‘‘အဒ္ဓါ ဣမာယ ပဋိပဒါယ ဇရာမရဏတော မုစ္စိဿာမီ’’တိ သက္ကစ္စံ ပဒဟနတော.

53-54. In the third sutta: ‘He strives’ (padahati), thus he is a ‘striver’ (padahano), a yogī devoted to development; his state, devotion to development, is the state of striving. ‘He has striving,’ thus he is a ‘striver’ (padhāniko); by changing the letter ‘ka’ to ‘ya,’ it is said ‘padhāniyo.’ Because it is said, ‘having come forth from the aspiration,’ the faith that has come about from the resolve of paccekabodhisattas and disciple-bodhisattas is also ‘faith by way of arrival’ (āgamanasaddhā). However, by way of the supreme designation, it is said of ‘the omniscient Bodhisattas.’ Because it has arisen from attainment, the faith associated with the supreme path and fruit, which is spoken of as a factor of the stream-enterer, is called ‘faith by attainment’ (adhigamasaddhā). ‘By unshakability’ means by its immovability, since it is unconquerable by its opposite. ‘Confidence’ (okappana) is resolving after leaping on; it is simply confidence in a confidence-inspiring object with the arising of confidence. ‘Thoroughly penetrated’ (suppaṭividdhaṃ) means well penetrated; penetrated in such a way that by that penetration the knowledge of omniscience came into his hands. For one whose faith in the Buddha's perfect enlightenment is unshaken and unquivering, it is impossible, there is no opportunity, that his faith in the Dhamma's being the good Dhamma and the Sangha's good practice would not be likewise through that penetration. Therefore the Blessed One said: ‘Monks, one who has confidence in the Buddha, confidence in the Dhamma, confidence in the Sangha,’ and so on. The energy in striving succeeds because one strives earnestly, thinking: ‘Surely, by this practice, I will be freed from aging and death.’

အပ္ပ-သဒ္ဒေါ အဘာဝတ္ထော ‘‘အပ္ပသဒ္ဒဿ…ပေ… ခေါ ပနာ’’တိအာဒီသု ဝိယာတိ အာဟ ‘‘အရောဂေါ’’တိ. သမဝေပါကိနိယာတိ ယထာဘုတ္တမာဟာရံ သမာကာရေနေဝ ပစနသီလာယ. ဒဠှံ ကတွာ ပစန္တီ ဟိ ဂဟဏီ ဃောရဘာဝေန ပိတ္တဝိကာရာဒိဝသေန ရောဂံ ဇနေတိ, သိထိလံ ကတွာ ပစန္တီ မန္ဒဘာဝေန ဝါတဝိကာရာဒိဝသေန တေနာဟ ‘‘နာတိသီတာယ နာစ္စုဏှာယာ’’တိ. ဂဟဏိတေဇဿ မန္ဒပဋုတာဝသေန သတ္တာနံ ယထာက္ကမံ သီတုဏှသဟတာတိ အာဟ ‘‘အတိသီတလဂ္ဂဟဏိကော’’တိအာဒိ. ယာထာဝတော အစ္စယဒေသနာ အတ္တနော အာဝိကရဏံ နာမာတိ အာဟ ‘‘ယထာဘူတံ အတ္တနော အဂုဏံ ပကာသေတာ’’တိ. ဥဒယတ္ထဂါမိနိယာတိ သင်္ခါရာနံ ဥဒယဉ္စ ဝယဉ္စ ပဋိဝိဇ္ဈန္တိယာတိ အယမေတ္ထ အတ္ထောတိ အာဟ ‘‘ဥဒယဉ္စာ’’တိအာဒိ. ပရိသုဒ္ဓါယာတိ နိရုပက္ကိလေသာယ. နိဗ္ဗိဇ္ဈိတုံ သမတ္ထာယာတိ တဒင်္ဂဝသေန သဝိသေသံ ပဇဟိတုံ သမတ္ထာယ. တဿ ဒုက္ခဿ ခယဂါမိနိယာတိ ယံ ဒုက္ခံ ဣမသ္မိံ ဉာဏေ အနဓိဂတေ ပဝတ္တိရဟံ, အဓိဂတေ န ပဝတ္တိ, တံ သန္ဓာယ ဝဒတိ. တထာဟေသ ယောဂါဝစရော ‘‘စူဠသောတာပန္နော’’တိ ဝုစ္စတိ. စတုတ္ထံ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

The word 'appa' has the meaning of absence, as in such phrases as 'appasadda...' etc.; thus it is said 'free from illness' (arogo). 'Having even digestion' means having the nature of digesting food that has been eaten in an even manner. For if the digestive faculty (gahaṇī) digests too strongly, its intensity generates illness through disorders of bile and the like. If it digests too slackly, its weakness causes disorders of wind and the like. Hence it is said, 'not too cold, not too hot.' Depending on the weakness or sharpness of the heat of the digestive faculty, beings can endure cold and heat respectively; thus it is said, 'one with a very cold digestion,' etc. 'Confession of a transgression as it actually is' is the name for making oneself manifest; thus it is said, 'one who reveals one's own fault as it really is.' 'Leading to arising and passing away' means penetrating the arising and passing away of formations; this is the meaning here, thus it is said 'arising and...' etc. 'Purified' means without defilement. 'Able to penetrate' means able to abandon with distinction by means of that factor. 'Leading to the destruction of that suffering': this is said with reference to that suffering which, so long as this knowledge has not been attained, is liable to continue, but which does not continue once it is attained. Thus this yogi is called a 'lesser stream-enterer' (cūḷasotāpanno). The fourth [factor] is self-evident.

ပဓာနိယင်္ဂသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Suttas on the Factors of Striving, etc., is concluded.

၅. မာတာပုတ္တသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

5. Commentary on the Mother and Son Sutta

၅၅. ပဉ္စမေ ဝိဿာသောတိ ဝိသစ္ဆာယသန္တာနော ဘာဝေါ. ဩတာရောတိ တတ္ထ စိတ္တဿ အနုပ္ပဝေသော. ဂဟေတွာတိ အတ္တနော ဧဝ ဩကာသံ ဂဟေတွာ. ခေပေတွာတိ ကုသလဝါရံ ခေပေတွာ.

55. In the fifth, 'familiarity' (vissāsa) is a state that is a continuous stream like the shadow of poison. 'Opportunity' (otāra) is the entry of the mind into that. 'Having taken' (gahetvā) is having taken one's own opportunity. 'Having wasted' (khepetvā) is having wasted the opportunity for what is wholesome.

ဃဋ္ဋေယျာတိ အက္ကမနာဒိဝသေန ဗာဓေယျ. တီဟိ ပရိညာဟီတိ ဉာတတီရဏပ္ပဟာနသင်္ခါတာဟိ တီဟိ ပရိညာဟိ. နတ္ထိ ဧတေသံ ကုတောစိ ဘယန္တိ အကုတောဘယာ, နိဗ္ဘယာတိ အတ္ထော. စတုန္နံ ဩဃာနံ, သံသာရမဟောဃဿေဝ ဝါ ပါရံ ပရိယန္တံ ဂတာ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ပါရံ ဝုစ္စတိ နိဗ္ဗာန’’န္တိအာဒိ.

'One would harm' (ghaṭṭeyya) means one would afflict by way of attacking and so on. 'By the three full understandings' means by the three full understandings designated as full understanding of the known, full understanding by investigation, and full understanding by abandoning. 'There is no fear for them from anywhere' (akutobhayā), thus they are fearless; the meaning is 'without fear.' They have gone to the far shore, the end, of the four floods, or of the great flood of saṃsāra. Hence it is said: 'The far shore is called Nibbāna,' and so on.

မာတာပုတ္တသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Mother and Son Sutta is concluded.

၆. ဥပဇ္ဈာယသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

6. Commentary on the Preceptor Sutta

၅၆. ဆဋ္ဌေ [Pg.25] မဓုရကဘာဝေါ နာမ သရီရဿ ထမ္ဘိတတ္တံ, တံ ပန ဂရုဘာဝပုဗ္ဗကန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘သဉ္ဇာတဂရုဘာဝေါ’’တိ. န ပက္ခာယန္တီတိ နပ္ပကာသေန္တိ, နာနာကာရဏတော န ဥပဋ္ဌဟန္တိ. တေနာဟ ‘‘စတဿော ဒိသာ စ အနုဒိသာ စ မယှံ န ဥပဋ္ဌဟန္တီ’’တိ. သေသမေတ္ထ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

56. In the sixth, the 'state of being like a sweet cake' (madhurakabhāva) is the stiffness of the body. But since this is preceded by a state of heaviness, it is said, 'one in whom heaviness has arisen' (sañjātagarubhāvo). 'They do not appear' (na pakkhāyanti) means they do not become clear; they do not present themselves for various reasons. Hence it is said: 'The four directions and the intermediate directions do not present themselves to me.' The rest here is self-evident.

ဥပဇ္ဈာယသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Preceptor Sutta is concluded.

၇. အဘိဏှပစ္စဝေက္ခိတဗ္ဗဋ္ဌာနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

7. Commentary on the Sutta on Subjects for Frequent Reflection

၅၇. သတ္တမေ ဇရာဓမ္မောတိ ဓမ္မ-သဒ္ဒေါ ‘‘အသမ္မောသဓမ္မော နိဗ္ဗာန’’န္တိအာဒီသု (သု. နိ. ၇၆၃) ဝိယ ပကတိပရိယာယော, တသ္မာ ဇရာပကတိကော ဇိဏ္ဏသဘာဝေါတိ အတ္ထော. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဇရာသဘာဝေါ’’တိအာဒိ. သေသပဒေသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော. ကမ္မုနာ ဒါတဗ္ဗံ အာဒိယတီတိ ကမ္မဒါယာဒေါ, အတ္တနာ ယထူပစိတကမ္မဖလဘာဂီတိ အတ္ထော. တံ ပန ဒါယဇ္ဇံ ကာရဏူပစာရေန ဝဒန္တော ‘‘ကမ္မံ မယှံ ဒါယဇ္ဇံ သန္တကန္တိ အတ္ထော’’တိ အာဟ ယထာ ‘‘ကုသလာနံ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, ဓမ္မာနံ သမာဒါနဟေတု, ဧဝမိဒံ ပုညံ ဝဍ္ဎတီ’’တိ (ဒီ. နိ. ၃.၈၀). ယောနီဟိ ဖလံ သဘာဝတော ဘိန္နမ္ပိ အဘိန္နံ ဝိယ မိဿိတံ ဟောတိ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ကမ္မံ မယှံ ယောနိ ကာရဏ’’န္တိ. မမတ္တဝသေန ဗဇ္ဈန္တီတိ ဗန္ဓူ, ဉာတိ သာလောဟိတော စ, ကမ္မံ ပန ဧကန္တသမ္ဗန္ဓဝါတိ အာဟ ‘‘ကမ္မံ မယှံ ဗန္ဓူ’’တိ. ပတိဋ္ဌာတိ အဝဿယော. ကမ္မသဒိသော ဟိ သတ္တာနံ အဝဿယော နတ္ထိ.

57. In the seventh, regarding 'subject to aging' (jarādhamma): the word dhamma is a synonym for nature, as in such passages as 'Nibbāna is the unconfused Dhamma' (Snp 763). Therefore the meaning is 'of the nature of aging,' 'having a nature that grows old.' Hence it is said, 'the nature of aging,' and so on. This same method applies to the other terms as well. 'Heir to kamma' (kammadāyādo) means one who receives what is to be given by kamma; the meaning is that one is a sharer in the fruit of the kamma one has accumulated. Speaking of that inheritance (dāyajja) by way of a metaphor for the cause, he says, 'Kamma is my inheritance, my property,' just as it is said: 'Bhikkhus, on account of undertaking wholesome states, this merit increases' (DN 3.80). Though by nature the fruit is different from its origin, they are mingled as if inseparable. Hence it is said, 'Kamma is my origin, my cause.' 'Kinsmen' (bandhū) are those who are bound by way of 'mineness'—relatives and blood relations. But since kamma is the one certain connection, he says, 'Kamma is my kinsman.' 'Refuge' (patiṭṭhā) means support. For beings, there is indeed no support like kamma.

ယောဗ္ဗနံ အာရဗ္ဘ ဥပ္ပန္နမဒေါတိ ‘‘မဟလ္လကကာလေ ပုညံ ကရိဿာမ, ဒဟရမှ တာဝါ’’တိ ယောဗ္ဗနံ အပဿာယ မာနကရဏံ. ‘‘အဟံ နိရောဂေါ သဋ္ဌိ ဝါ သတ္တတိ ဝါ ဝဿာနိ အတိက္ကန္တာနိ, န မေ ဟရီတကခဏ္ဍမ္ပိ ခါဒိတဗ္ဗံ, ဣမေ ပနညေ ‘အသုကံ နော ဌာနံ ရုဇ္ဇတိ, ဘေသဇ္ဇံ ခါဒါမာ’တိ ဝိစရန္တိ, ကော အညော မယာ သဒိသော နိရောဂေါ နာမာ’’တိ ဧဝံ မာနကရဏံ အာရောဂျမဒေါ. သဗ္ဗေသမ္ပိ ဇီဝိတံ နာမ ပဘင်္ဂုရံ ဒုက္ခာနုဗန္ဓဉ္စ, တဒုဘယံ အနောလောကေတွာ ပဗန္ဓဋ္ဌိတိံ ပစ္စယသုလဘတဉ္စ နိဿာယ ‘‘စိရံ ဇီဝိံ, စိရံ ဇီဝါမိ, စိရံ ဇီဝိဿာမိ, သုခံ ဇီဝိံ, သုခံ ဇီဝါမိ, သုခံ ဇီဝိဿာမီ’’တိ ဧဝံ မာနကရဏံ ဇီဝိတမဒေါ.

The intoxication that arises concerning youth is the conceit of relying on one's youth and thinking: 'We will make merit when we are old; for now, we are young.' The intoxication with health is the conceit of thinking: 'I am healthy. Sixty or seventy years have passed, and I haven't had to chew even a piece of myrobalan. But these others wander about saying, "Such and such a part of us is afflicted, let's take medicine." Who else is as healthy as I?' For all, life is fragile and followed by suffering. The intoxication with life is the conceit of not considering both these facts and, relying on the continuity of existence and the ease of obtaining requisites, thinking: 'I have lived long, I am living long, I will live long; I have lived happily, I am living happily, I will live happily.'

ဥပဓိရဟိတန္တိ [Pg.26] ကာမူပဓိရဟိတံ. စတ္တာရော ဟိ ဥပဓီ – ကာမူပဓိ, ခန္ဓူပဓိ, ကိလေသူပဓိ, အဘိသင်္ခါရူပဓီတိ. ကာမာပိ ‘‘ယံ ပဉ္စ ကာမဂုဏေ ပဋိစ္စ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ သုခံ သောမနဿံ, အယံ ကာမာနံ အဿာဒေါ’’တိ (မ. နိ. ၁.၁၆၆) ဧဝံ ဝုတ္တဿ သုခဿ အဓိဋ္ဌာနဘာဝတော ‘‘ဥပဓိယတိ ဧတ္ထ သုခ’’န္တိ ဣမိနာ ဝစနတ္ထေန ‘‘ဥပဓီ’’တိ ဝုစ္စတိ, ခန္ဓာပိ ခန္ဓမူလကဿ ဒုက္ခဿ အဓိဋ္ဌာနဘာဝတော, ကိလေသာပိ အပါယဒုက္ခဿ အဓိဋ္ဌာနဘာဝတော, အဘိသင်္ခါရာပိ ဘဝဒုက္ခဿ အဓိဋ္ဌာနဘာဝတော. သေသံ သုဝိညေယျမေဝ.

'Without acquisitions' means without the acquisition of sensual pleasures. For there are four acquisitions: the acquisition of sensual pleasures, the acquisition of the aggregates, the acquisition of defilements, and the acquisition of volitional formations. Sensual pleasures, too, are called an 'acquisition' (upadhi) because they are the basis for the happiness spoken of thus: 'Whatever pleasure and joy arise in dependence on the five cords of sensual pleasure, this is the gratification in sensual pleasures' (MN 1.85). The verbal meaning is 'happiness is placed on this.' Similarly, the aggregates are called an acquisition because they are the basis for suffering rooted in the aggregates; the defilements, because they are the basis for the suffering of the plane of misery; and volitional formations, because they are the basis for the suffering of existence. The rest is easy to understand.

အဘိဏှပစ္စဝေက္ခိတဗ္ဗဋ္ဌာနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Sutta on Subjects for Frequent Reflection is concluded.

၈-၁၀. လိစ္ဆဝိကုမာရကသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

8-10. Commentary on the Sutta to the Licchavi Youth and Others

၅၈-၆၀. အဋ္ဌမေ သာပတေယျန္တိ ဧတ္ထ သံ ဝုစ္စတိ ဓနံ, တဿ ပတီတိ သပတိ, ဓနသာမိကော. တဿ ဟိတာဝဟတ္တာ သာပတေယျံ, ဒြဗျံ, ဓနန္တိ အတ္ထော. အတ္တနော ရုစိဝသေန ဂါမကိစ္စံ နေတီတိ ဂါမနိယော, ဂါမနိယောယေဝ ဂါမဏိကော.

58-60. In the eighth, regarding 'property' (sāpateyyaṃ): here, saṃ is said to be wealth; its lord (pati) is sapati, the owner of wealth. Because it brings him welfare, it is sāpateyyaṃ; the meaning is goods, wealth. A 'village headman' (gāmanī) is one who directs the village's affairs according to his own preference; a gāmanī is the same as a gāmaṇika.

အနွာယ ဥပနိဿာယ ဇီဝနသီလာ အနုဇီဝိနောတိ အာဟ ‘‘ယေ စ ဧတံ ဥပနိဿာယ ဇီဝန္တီ’’တိ. ဧကံ မဟာကုလံ နိဿာယ ပဏ္ဏာသမ္ပိ သဋ္ဌိပိ ကုလာနိ ဇီဝန္တိ, တေ မနုဿေ သန္ဓာယေတံ ဝုတ္တံ. သေသံ သုဝိညေယျမေဝ. နဝမာဒီနိ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထာနေဝ.

'Dependents' (anujīvino) are those whose nature it is to live by following and depending on another; thus he said, 'and those who live in dependence on him.' Fifty or even sixty families might live in dependence on one great family; this was said with reference to those people. The rest is easy to understand. The ninth and the following suttas are clear in meaning.

လိစ္ဆဝိကုမာရကသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Sutta to the Licchavi Youth and Others is concluded.

နီဝရဏဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Chapter on the Hindrances is concluded.

(၇) ၂. သညာဝဂ္ဂေါ

(7) 2. The Chapter on Perceptions

၁-၅. သညာသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

1-5. Commentary on the Suttas on Perception and Others

၆၁-၆၅. ဒုတိယဿ ပဌမေ ‘‘မဟပ္ဖလာ မဟာနိသံသာ’’တိ ဥဘယမ္ပေတံ အတ္ထတော ဧကံ, ဗျဉ္ဇနမေဝ နာနန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘မဟပ္ဖလာ’’တိအာဒိ. ‘‘ပဉ္စိမေ ဂဟပတယော အာနိသံသာ’’တိအာဒီသု (ဥဒါ. ၇၆) အာနိသံသ-သဒ္ဒေါ ဖလပရိယာယောပိ ဟောတိ[Pg.27]. မဟတော လောကုတ္တရဿ သုခဿ ပစ္စယာ ဟောန္တီတိ မဟာနိသံသာ. အမတောဂဓာတိ အမတဗ္ဘန္တရာ အမတံ အနုပ္ပဝိဋ္ဌာ နိဗ္ဗာနဒိဋ္ဌတ္တာ, တတော ပရံ န ဂစ္ဆန္တိ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘အမတပရိယောသာနာ’’တိ. အမတံ ပရိယောသာနံ အဝသာနံ ဧတာသန္တိ အမတပရိယောသာနာ. မရဏသညာတိ မရဏာနုပဿနာဉာဏေန သညာ. အာဟာရေ ပဋိကူလသညာတိ အာဟာရံ ဂမနာဒိဝသေန ပဋိကူလတော ပရိဂ္ဂဏှန္တဿ ဥပ္ပန္နသညာ. ဥက္ကဏ္ဌိတဿာတိ နိဗ္ဗိန္ဒန္တဿ ကတ္ထစိပိ အသဇ္ဇန္တဿ. ဒုတိယာဒီနိ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထာနေဝ.

61-65. In the first sutta of the second chapter, concerning 'of great fruit, of great benefit': both of these are one in meaning, only the phrasing is different; thus it says 'of great fruit,' etc. In such phrases as 'these five benefits, householders' (Ud 76), the word 'benefit' can also be a synonym for 'fruit.' They are 'of great benefit' because they are conditions for great, supramundane happiness. 'Grounded in the Deathless' means they are contained within the Deathless, have penetrated the Deathless, because Nibbāna has been seen; they do not go beyond that. Therefore it is said, 'culminating in the Deathless.' They have the Deathless as their culmination, their final end; thus they are 'culminating in the Deathless.' 'Perception of death' is perception by means of the knowledge from contemplating death. 'Perception of the repulsiveness in food' is the perception that arises in one who comprehends food as repulsive in regard to its acquisition and so on. 'Of one who is disenchanted' means of one who is revulsed, not clinging to anything anywhere. The second and following suttas are of clear meaning.

သညာသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Suttas on Perception and Others is concluded.

၆-၁၀. သာဇီဝသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

6-10. Commentary on the Sājīva Sutta and Others

၆၆-၇၀. ဆဋ္ဌေ သဟ အာဇီဝန္တိ ဧတ္ထာတိ သာဇီဝေါ, ပဉှဿ ပုစ္ဆနံ ဝိဿဇ္ဇနဉ္စ. တေနာဟ ‘‘သာဇီဝေါတိ ပဉှပုစ္ဆနဉ္စေဝ ပဉှဝိဿဇ္ဇနဉ္စာ’’တိအာဒိ. အဘိသင်္ခတန္တိ စိတံ. သတ္တမာဒီနိ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထာနေဝ.

66-70. In the sixth sutta, sājīvo is so called because one lives together (saha ājīvati) with it, that is, with the asking and answering of a question. Hence it is said: 'Sājīvo is both the asking of a question and the answering of a question,' etc. 'Formed' means accumulated. The seventh and following suttas are of clear meaning.

သာဇီဝသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Sājīva Sutta and others is concluded.

သညာဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Chapter on Perceptions is concluded.

(၈) ၃. ယောဓာဇီဝဝဂ္ဂေါ

(8) 3. The Chapter on the Warrior's Livelihood

၁-၂. ပဌမစေတောဝိမုတ္တိဖလသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

1-2. Commentary on the First Sutta on the Fruit of the Liberation of Mind and others

၇၁-၇၂. တတိယဿ ပဌမေ အဝိဇ္ဇာပလိဃန္တိ ဧတ္ထ အဝိဇ္ဇာတိ ဝဋ္ဋမူလိကာ အဝိဇ္ဇာ, အယံ ပစုရဇနေဟိ ဥက္ခိပိတုံ အသက္ကုဏေယျဘာဝတော ဒုက္ခိပနဋ္ဌေန နိဗ္ဗာနဒွါရပ္ပဝေသဝိဗန္ဓနေန စ ‘‘ပလိဃော ဝိယာတိ ပလိဃော’’တိ ဝုစ္စတိ. တေနေသ တဿာ ဥက္ခိတ္တတ္တာ ‘‘ဥက္ခိတ္တပလိဃော’’တိ ဝုတ္တော. ပုနဗ္ဘဝဿ ကရဏသီလော, ပုနဗ္ဘဝံ ဝါ ဖလံ အရဟတီတိ ပေါနောဘဝိကာ, ပုနဗ္ဘဝဒါယိကာတိ အတ္ထော. ဇာတိသံသာရောတိ ဇာယနဝသေန စေဝ သံသရဏဝသေန စ ဧဝံလဒ္ဓနာမာနံ ပုနဗ္ဘဝက္ခန္ဓာနံ ပစ္စယော ကမ္မာဘိသင်္ခါရော. ဇာတိသံသာရောတိ ဟိ ဖလူပစာရေန ကာရဏံ ဝုတ္တံ. တဉှိ ပုနပ္ပုနံ ဥပ္ပတ္တိကာရဏဝသေန ပရိက္ခိပိတွာ ဌိတတ္တာ ‘‘ပရိခါ’’တိ ဝုစ္စတိ သန္တာနဿ [Pg.28] ပရိက္ခိပနတော. တေနေသ တဿ သံကိဏ္ဏတ္တာ ဝိကိဏ္ဏတ္တာ သဗ္ဗသော ခိတ္တတ္တာ ဝိနာသိတတ္တာ ‘‘သံကိဏ္ဏပရိခေါ’’တိ ဝုတ္တော.

71-72. In the first sutta of the third chapter, regarding 'ignorance as the crossbar': here, 'ignorance' is the ignorance that is the root of the round of existence. Because it cannot be lifted up by many people, and because it is difficult to lift and obstructs entry to the door of Nibbāna, it is called a 'crossbar' since it is like a crossbar. Since this crossbar has been lifted up by him, he is called 'one with crossbar lifted.' 'Conducive to renewed existence' means having the nature of causing renewed existence, or meriting renewed existence as its fruit; the meaning is 'giving rise to renewed existence.' 'The round of birth': this is kamma-formations, the condition for the aggregates of renewed existence, which are so named on account of being born and wandering on. For 'the round of birth' is a term for the cause spoken of by way of a metaphor based on the result. Because it stands encircling the mental continuum as a cause of repeated arising, it is called a 'moat,' as it encloses the continuum. Since this moat has been filled in, scattered, completely cast out, and destroyed by him, he is called 'one with moat filled in.'

တဏှာသင်္ခါတန္တိ ဧတ္ထ တဏှာတိ ဝဋ္ဋမူလိကာ တဏှာ. အယဉှိ ဂမ္ဘီရာနုဂတဋ္ဌေန ‘‘ဧသိကာ’’တိ ဝုစ္စတိ. လုဉ္စိတွာ ဥဒ္ဓရိတွာ. ဩရမ္ဘာဂိယာနီတိ ဩရမ္ဘာဂဇနကာနိ ကာမဘဝေ ဥပပတ္တိပစ္စယာနိ ကာမရာဂသံယောဇနာဒီနိ. ဧတာနိ ဟိ ကဝါဋံ ဝိယ နဂရဒွါရံ စိတ္တံ ပိဒဟိတွာ ဌိတတ္တာ ‘‘အဂ္ဂဠာ’’တိ ဝုစ္စန္တိ. တေနေသ တေသံ နိဂ္ဂတတ္တာ ဘိန္နတ္တာ ‘‘နိရဂ္ဂဠော’’တိ ဝုတ္တောတိ. အဂ္ဂမဂ္ဂေန ပန္နော အပစိတော မာနဒ္ဓဇော ဧတဿာတိ ပန္နဒ္ဓဇော. ပန္နဘာရောတိ ခန္ဓဘာရကိလေသဘာရအဘိသင်္ခါရဘာရာ ဩရောပိတာ အဿာတိ ပန္နဘာရော. ဝိသံယုတ္တောတိ စတူဟိ ယောဂေဟိ သဗ္ဗကိလေသေဟိ စ ဝိသံယုတ္တော. အသ္မိမာနောတိ ရူပေ အသ္မီတိ မာနော, ဝေဒနာယ, သညာယ, သင်္ခါရေသု, ဝိညာဏေ အသ္မိမာနော. ဧတ္ထ ဟိ ပဉ္စပိ ခန္ဓေ အဝိသေသတော ‘‘အသ္မီ’’တိ ဂဟေတွာ ပဝတ္တမာနော အသ္မိမာနောတိ အဓိပ္ပေတော.

Regarding 'that designated as craving': here, 'craving' is the craving that is the root of the round of existence. This is called a 'pillar' because it is deep-rooted. 'Having uprooted and pulled it out.' 'Pertaining to the lower shore' means generating the lower part, being conditions for rebirth in the sensual realm, such as the fetter of sensual lust and so on. For these are called 'door-bolts' because they stand having closed off the mind like a door-leaf of a city gate. Therefore, because they have been removed and broken by him, he is called 'one without door-bolts.' 'One with banner lowered': one for whom the banner of conceit has been lowered and removed by the noble path. 'One who has laid down the burden': one for whom the burdens of the aggregates, the defilements, and the formations have been laid down. 'Disengaged': disengaged from the four yokes and from all defilements. 'The conceit "I am"': this is the conceit 'I am' in relation to form, feeling, perception, formations, and consciousness. Here, what is intended is the conceit 'I am' that proceeds by grasping the five aggregates without distinction as 'I am.'

နဂရဒွါရဿ ပရိဿယပဋိဗာဟနတ္ထဉ္စေဝ သောဓနတ္ထဉ္စ ဥဘောသု ပဿေသု ဧသိကာထမ္ဘေ နိခဏိတွာ ဌပေတီတိ အာဟ ‘‘နဂရဒွါရေ ဥဿာပိတေ ဧသိကာထမ္ဘေ’’တိ. ပါကာရဝိဒ္ဓံသနေနေဝ ပရိခါဘူမိသမကရဏံ ဟောတီတိ အာဟ ‘‘ပါကာရံ ဘိန္ဒိတွာ ပရိခံ ဝိကိရိတွာ’’တိ. ‘‘ဧဝ’’န္တိအာဒိ ဥပမာသံသန္ဒနံ. သန္တော သံဝိဇ္ဇမာနော ကာယော ဓမ္မသမူဟောတိ သက္ကာယော, ဥပါဒါနက္ခန္ဓပဉ္စကံ. ဒွတ္တိံသကမ္မကာရဏာ ဒုက္ခက္ခန္ဓေ အာဂတဒုက္ခာနိ. အက္ခိရောဂသီသရောဂါဒယော. အဋ္ဌနဝုတိ ရောဂါ, ရာဇဘယာဒီနိ ပဉ္စဝီသတိမဟာဘယာနိ. ဒုတိယံ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

One digs in and sets up pillars on both sides of a city gate to ward off dangers and for purification; thus it says, 'pillars erected at the city gate.' By the very destruction of the wall the ground of the moat is leveled; thus it says, 'having broken the wall and scattered the moat.' 'Thus,' etc., is the connection of the simile. 'Existing body' (sakkāyo) means the existing, present body, which is a collection of phenomena, that is, the five aggregates subject to clinging. The thirty-two parts of the body are the cause for the sufferings that have come to be in this mass of suffering, such as diseases of the eye, diseases of the head, and so on. There are ninety-eight diseases, and the twenty-five great fears, such as fear of kings, and so on. The second sutta is of clear meaning.

ပဌမစေတောဝိမုတ္တိဖလသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the First Sutta on the Fruit of the Liberation of Mind and others is concluded.

၃-၄. ပဌမဓမ္မဝိဟာရီသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

3–4. Commentary on the First Sutta on the Dhamma-Dweller and others

၇၃-၇၄. တတိယေ နိယကဇ္ဈတ္တေတိ အတ္တနော သန္တာနေ. မေတ္တာယ ဥပသံဟရဏဝသေန ဟိတံ ဧသန္တေန. ကရုဏာယ ဝသေန အနုကမ္ပမာနေန. ပရိဂ္ဂဟေတွာတိ ပရိတော ဂဟေတွာ, ဖရိတွာတိ အတ္ထော. ပရိစ္စာတိ ပရိတော ကတွာ, သမန္တတော ဖရိတွာ ဣစ္စေဝ အတ္ထော. ‘‘ပဋိစ္စာ’’တိပိ [Pg.29] ပါဌော. မာ ပမဇ္ဇိတ္ထာတိ ‘‘ဈာယထာ’’တိ ဝုတ္တသမထဝိပဿနာနံ အနနုယုဉ္ဇနေန အညေန ဝါ ကေနစိ ပမာဒကာရဏေန မာ ပမာဒံ အာပဇ္ဇိတ္ထ. နိယျာနိကသာသနေ အကတ္တဗ္ဗကရဏံ ဝိယ ကတ္တဗ္ဗာကရဏမ္ပိ ပမာဒေါတိ. ဝိပတ္တိကာလေတိ သတ္တအသပ္ပာယာဒိဝိပတ္တိယုတ္တေ ကာလေ. သဗ္ဗေပိ သာသနေ ဂုဏာ ဣဓေဝ သင်္ဂဟံ ဂစ္ဆန္တီတိ အာဟ ‘‘ဈာယထ မာ ပမာဒတ္ထ…ပေ… အနုသာသနီ’’တိ. စတုတ္ထေ နတ္ထိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗံ.

73–74. In the third, 'niyakajjhattaṃ' means within one's own continuum. By one seeking what is beneficial by way of applying loving-kindness. By one sympathizing by way of compassion. 'Pariggahetvā' means having encompassed all around; that is, having pervaded. 'Pariccā' means having made all around; that is, having pervaded completely. There is also the reading 'paṭiccā.' 'Mā pamajjittha' means: do not be negligent, either by not practicing the serenity and insight that have been mentioned with the word 'meditate,' or through any other cause of negligence. In the teaching that leads out, not doing what should be done is also negligence, just as doing what should not be done is. 'Vipattikāle' refers to a time of misfortune, such as a time connected with the seven kinds of unsuitability and so on. Because all the virtues in the teaching are included right here, he said: 'Meditate, do not be negligent... this is the instruction.' In the fourth, there is nothing to say.

ပဌမဓမ္မဝိဟာရီသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the First Sutta on the Dhamma-Dweller and others is finished.

၅. ပဌမယောဓာဇီဝသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

5. Commentary on the First Sutta on the Warrior's Livelihood

၇၅. ပဉ္စမေ ယုဇ္ဈနံ ယောဓော, သော အာဇီဝေါ ဧတေသန္တိ ယောဓာဇီဝါ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ယုဒ္ဓူပဇီဝိနော’’တိ. သန္ထမ္ဘိတွာ ဌာတုံ န သက္ကောတီတိ ဗဒ္ဓေါ ဓိတိသမ္ပန္နော ဌာတုံ န သက္ကောတိ. သမာဂတေတိ သမ္ပတ္တေ. ဗျာပဇ္ဇတီတိ ဝိကာရမာပဇ္ဇတိ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ပကတိဘာဝံ ဇဟတီ’’တိ.

75. In the fifth, one who fights is a warrior; that is their livelihood, thus they are 'warriors by livelihood.' Therefore it is said, 'those who live by war.' 'Unable to stand firm': he is paralyzed; though endowed with fortitude, he is unable to stand. 'Samāgate': having arrived. 'Byāpajjati': he undergoes a change. Therefore it is said, 'he abandons his natural state.'

ရဇဂ္ဂသ္မိန္တိ ပစ္စတ္တေ ဘုမ္မဝစနန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘ကိံ တဿ ပုဂ္ဂလဿ ရဇဂ္ဂံ နာမာ’’တိ. ဝိနိဗ္ဗေဌေတွာတိ ဂဟိတဂ္ဂဟဏံ ဝိဿဇ္ဇာပေတွာ. မောစေတွာတိ သရီရတော အပနေတွာ.

Regarding 'rajaggasmiṃ': this is a locative of place in the individual sense. Thus it is said: 'What is the cloud of dust for that person?' 'Vinibbeṭhetvā': having made him release his firm grip. 'Mocetvā': having removed it from his body.

ပဌမယောဓာဇီဝသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the First Yodhājīva Sutta is finished.

၆. ဒုတိယယောဓာဇီဝသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

6. Commentary on the Second Sutta on the Warrior's Livelihood

၇၆. ဆဋ္ဌေ စမ္မန္တိ ဣမိနာ စမ္မမယံ စမ္မမိတိ သိဗ္ဗိတံ, အညံ ဝါ ကေဋကဖလကာဒိံ သင်္ဂဏှာတိ. ဓနုကလာပံ သန္နယှိတွာတိ ဓနုဉ္စေဝ တူဏိရဉ္စ သန္နယှိတွာ သဇ္ဇေတွာ. ဓနုဒဏ္ဍဿ ဇိယာယတ္တဘာဝကရဏာဒိပိ ဟိ ဓနုနော သန္နယှနံ. တေနေဝါဟ ‘‘ဓနုဉ္စ သရကလာပဉ္စ သန္နယှိတွာ’’တိ. ယုဒ္ဓသန္နိဝေသေန ဌိတန္တိ ဒွိန္နံ သေနာနံ ဗျူဟနသံဝိဓာနနယေန ကတော ယော သန္နိဝေသော, တဿ ဝသေန ဌိတံ, သေနာဗျူဟသံဝိဓာနဝသေန သန္နိဝိဋ္ဌန္တိ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ. ဥဿာဟဉ္စ ဝါယာမဉ္စ ကရောတီတိ ယုဇ္ဈနဝသေန ဥဿာဟံ ဝါယာမဉ္စ ကရောတိ. ပရိယာပါဒေန္တီတိ မရဏပရိယန္တိကံ အပရံ ပါပေန္တိ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ပရိယာပါဒယန္တီ’’တိ, ဇီဝိတံ ပရိယာပါဒယန္တိ မရဏံ ပဋိပဇ္ဇာပေန္တီတိ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ.

76. In the sixth, by 'camma' (hide) is included what is made of hide, stitched with hide, or other things such as a shield or board. 'Having armed himself with bow and quiver' means having armed himself with and prepared both the bow and the quiver. For preparing the bow also includes such things as making the bowstring dependent on the bow-staff. Therefore it is said, 'having armed himself with bow and quiver of arrows.' 'Standing in battle formation' means standing in the formation that is made according to the method of arranging the battle-array of two armies; that is to say, stationed according to the arrangement of the army's battle-array. 'He makes an effort and an exertion' means he makes an effort and an exertion for the sake of fighting. 'They bring to an end' means they bring another to the end which is death. Therefore it is said, 'they bring to an end'; that is to say, they bring life to an end, they make one meet with death.

အရက္ခိတေနေဝ [Pg.30] ကာယေနာတိအာဒီသု ဟတ္ထပါဒေ ကီဠာပေန္တော ဂီဝံ ဝိပရိဝတ္တေန္တော ကာယံ န ရက္ခတိ နာမ. နာနပ္ပကာရံ ဒုဋ္ဌုလ္လံ ကရောန္တော ဝါစံ န ရက္ခတိ နာမ. ကာမဝိတက္ကာဒယော ဝိတက္ကေန္တော စိတ္တံ န ရက္ခတိ နာမ. အနုပဋ္ဌိတာယ သတိယာတိ ကာယဂတာယ သတိယာ အနုပဋ္ဌိတာယ. ရာဂေန အနုဂတောတိ ရာဂေန အနုပဟတော. ရာဂပရေတောတိ ဝါ ရာဂေန ဖုဋ္ဌော ဖုဋ္ဌဝိသေန ဝိယ သပ္ပေန.

In the passage beginning with 'With an unguarded body,' etc.: one who plays with his hands and feet and twists his neck is called one who does not guard his body. One who utters various kinds of coarse speech is called one who does not guard his speech. One who thinks thoughts of sensual desire and so on is called one who does not guard his mind. 'With mindfulness unestablished' means with mindfulness directed to the body unestablished. 'Pursued by lust' means assailed by lust. Or 'overcome by lust' means touched by lust, like one touched by the venom of a snake.

အနုဒဟနဋ္ဌေနာတိ အနုပါယပ္ပဋိပတ္တိယာ. သမ္ပတိ အာယတိဉ္စ မဟာဘိတာပဋ္ဌေန. အနဝတ္ထိတသဘာဝတာယ ဣတ္တရပစ္စုပဋ္ဌာနဋ္ဌေန. မုဟုတ္တရမဏီယတာယ တာဝကာလိကဋ္ဌေန. ဗျတ္တေဟိ အဘိဘဝနီယတာယ သဗ္ဗင်္ဂပစ္စင်္ဂပလိဘဉ္ဇနဋ္ဌေန. ဆေဒနဘေဒနာဒိအဓိကရဏဘာဝေန ဥဂ္ဃဋ္ဋနသဒိသတာယ အဓိကုဋ္ဋနဋ္ဌေန. အဝဏေ ဝဏံ ဥပ္ပာဒေတွာ အန္တော အနုပဝိသနသဘာဝတာယ ဝိနိဝိဇ္ဈနဋ္ဌေန. ဒိဋ္ဌဓမ္မိကသမ္ပရာယိက အနတ္ထနိမိတ္တတာယ သာသင်္ကသပ္ပဋိဘယဋ္ဌေန.

In the sense of burning: this is because of wrong practice. In the sense of great torment: this is both now and in the future. In the sense of being of trifling appearance: this is because of its unstable nature. In the sense of being temporary: this is because of its momentary delightfulness. In the sense of shattering all the limbs and members: this is because it is to be overcome by the expert. In the sense of crushing: this is because it is like a pounding, being the basis for cutting, breaking, etc. In the sense of piercing through: this is because of its nature of entering inside after creating a wound where there was no wound. In the sense of being perilous and fearful: this is because it is a sign of harm in the present life and in the future.

ဒုတိယယောဓာဇီဝသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Second Yodhājīva Sutta is finished.

၇-၈. ပဌမအနာဂတဘယသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

7–8. Commentary on the First Discourse on Future Dangers and so forth.

၇၇-၇၈. သတ္တမေ ဝိသေသဿ ပတ္တိယာ ဝိသေသဿ ပါပုဏနတ္ထံ. ဝီရိယန္တိ ပဓာနဝီရိယံ. တံ ပန စင်္ကမနဝသေန ကရဏေ ‘‘ကာယိက’’န္တိပိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗတံ လဘတီတိ အာဟ – ‘‘ဒုဝိဓမ္ပီ’’တိ. သတ္ထကဝါတာတိ သန္ဓိဗန္ဓနာနိ ကတ္တရိယာ ဆိန္ဒန္တာ ဝိယ ပဝတ္တဝါတာ. တေနာဟ – ‘‘သတ္ထံ ဝိယာ’’တိအာဒိ. ကတကမ္မေဟီတိ ကတစောရကမ္မေဟိ. တေ ကိရ ကတကမ္မာ ယံ နေသံ ဒေဝတံ အာယာစိတွာ ကမ္မံ နိပ္ဖန္နံ, တဿ ဥပကာရတ္ထာယ မနုဿေ မာရေတွာ ဂလလောဟိတာနိ ဂဏှန္တိ. တေ ‘‘အညေသု မနုဿေသု မာရိယမာနေသု ကောလာဟလံ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇိဿတိ, ပဗ္ဗဇိတံ ပရိယေသန္တော နာမ နတ္ထီ’’တိ မညမာနာ ဘိက္ခူ ဂဟေတွာ မာရေန္တိ. တံ သန္ဓာယေတံ ဝုတ္တံ. အကတကမ္မေဟီတိ အဋဝိတော ဂါမံ အာဂမနကာလေ ကမ္မနိပ္ဖတ္တတ္ထံ ပုရေတရံ ဗလိကမ္မံ ကာတုကာမေဟိ. တေနေဝါဟ – ‘‘စောရိကံ ကတွာ နိက္ခန္တာ ကတကမ္မာ နာမာ’’တိအာဒိ. အဋ္ဌမေ နတ္ထိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗံ.

77–78. In the seventh, 'for the attainment of distinction' means for the purpose of attaining distinction. 'Energy' means the energy of striving. But when this is done by way of walking meditation, it can also be called 'bodily'; thus it is said, 'of two kinds.' 'Knife-like winds' means winds that occur as if cutting the joints and ligaments with scissors. Therefore it is said: 'like a knife,' etc. 'By those who have done the deed' means by those who have committed theft. It is said that these 'doers of the deed,' having invoked a deity for their deed to succeed, kill people and collect their throat-blood as a service to that deity. Thinking, 'When other people are killed, an uproar will arise, but no one will search for an ascetic,' they seize and kill bhikkhus. This was said in reference to that. 'By those who have not done the deed' means by those who, when coming from the wilderness to a village, wish to perform a preliminary sacrificial offering for the accomplishment of their deed. Therefore it is said: 'Having committed a theft and departed, they are called "those who have done the deed,"' etc. In the eighth, there is nothing to say.

ပဌမအနာဂတဘယသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the First Discourse on Future Dangers and so forth is finished.

၉. တတိယအနာဂတဘယသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

9. Commentary on the Third Discourse on Future Dangers

၇၉. နဝမေ [Pg.31] ပါဠိဂမ္ဘီရာတိ (သံ. နိ. ဋီ. ၂.၂.၂၂၉) ပါဠိဝသေန ဂမ္ဘီရာ အဂါဓာ ဒုက္ခောဂါဟာ သလ္လသုတ္တသဒိသာ. သလ္လသုတ္တဉှိ (သု. နိ. ၅၇၉) ‘‘အနိမိတ္တမနညာတ’’န္တိအာဒိနာ ပါဠိဝသေန ဂမ္ဘီရံ, န အတ္ထဂမ္ဘီရံ. တထာ ဟိ တတ္ထ တာ တာ ဂါထာ ဒုဝိညေယျရူပါ တိဋ္ဌန္တိ. ဒုဝိညေယျဉှိ ဉာဏေန ဒုက္ခောဂါဟန္တိ ကတွာ ‘‘ဂမ္ဘီရ’’န္တိ ဝုစ္စတိ. ပုဗ္ဗာပရံပေတ္ထ ကာသဉ္စိ ဂါထာနံ ဒုဝိညေယျတာယ ဒုက္ခောဂါဟမေဝ, တသ္မာ ပါဠိဝသေန ဂမ္ဘီရံ. အတ္ထဂမ္ဘီရာတိ အတ္ထဝသေန ဂမ္ဘီရာ မဟာဝေဒလ္လသုတ္တသဒိသာ, မဟာဝေဒလ္လသုတ္တဿ (မ. နိ. ၁.၄၄၉ အာဒယော) အတ္ထဝသေန ဂမ္ဘီရတာ ပါကဋာယေဝ. လောကံ ဥတ္တရတီတိ လောကုတ္တရော, သော အတ္ထဘူတော ဧတေသံ အတ္ထီတိ လောကုတ္တရာ. တေနာဟ – ‘‘လောကုတ္တရဓမ္မဒီပကာ’’တိ. သုညတာပဋိသံယုတ္တာတိ သတ္တသုညဓမ္မပ္ပကာသကာ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ခန္ဓဓာတုအာယတနပစ္စယာကာရပ္ပဋိသံယုတ္တာ’’တိ. ဥဂ္ဂဟေတဗ္ဗံ ပရိယာပုဏိတဗ္ဗန္တိ စ လိင်္ဂဝစနဝိပလ္လာသေန ဝုတ္တန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘ဥဂ္ဂဟေတဗ္ဗေ စေဝ ဝဠဉ္ဇေတဗ္ဗေ စာ’’တိ. ကဝိနော ကမ္မံ ကဝိတာ. ယဿ ပန ယံ ကမ္မံ, တံ တေန ကတန္တိ ဝုစ္စတီတိ အာဟ ‘‘ကဝိတာတိ ကဝီဟိ ကတာ’’တိ. ကာဝေယျန္တိ ကဗျံ, ကဗျန္တိ စ ကဝိနာ ဝုတ္တန္တိ အတ္ထော. တေနာဟ ‘‘တဿေဝ ဝေဝစန’’န္တိ. စိတ္တက္ခရာတိ စိတြာကာရအက္ခရာ. ဣတရံ တဿေဝ ဝေဝစနံ. သာသနတော ဗဟိဒ္ဓါ ဌိတာတိ န သာသနာဝစရာ. ဗာဟိရကသာဝကေဟီတိ ‘‘ဗုဒ္ဓါ’’တိ အပ္ပညာတာနံ ယေသံ ကေသဉ္စိ သာဝကေဟိ. သုဿူသိဿန္တီတိ အက္ခရစိတ္တတာယ စေဝ သရသမ္ပတ္တိယာ စ အတ္တမနာ ဟုတွာ သာမဏေရဒဟရဘိက္ခုမာတုဂါမမဟာဂဟပတိကာဒယော ‘‘ဧသ ဓမ္မကထိကော’’တိ သန္နိပတိတွာ သောတုကာမာ ဘဝိဿန္တိ.

79. In the ninth, 'profound in the text' (Saṃ. Ni. Ṭī. 2.2.229) means profound, unfathomable, and difficult to penetrate by way of the wording, like the Arrow Sutta. For the Arrow Sutta (Snp 3.8) is profound in its wording—as in the phrase “unindicated and unknown,” etc.—but not profound in meaning. For there, certain verses are difficult to understand. Because what is difficult to understand is difficult to penetrate with knowledge, it is called “profound.” Here too, some verses are difficult to penetrate because they are hard to understand; therefore, they are profound in wording. 'Profound in meaning' means profound by way of the meaning, like the Greater Discourse of Questions and Answers (MN 43), whose profundity of meaning is evident. 'Supramundane': one who transcends the world is `lokuttara`. Because this is their real meaning, they are `lokuttarā` (supramundane). Therefore it is said: “illuminators of the supramundane Dhamma.” 'Connected with emptiness' means they are declarers of the Dhamma that is empty of a self. Hence it is said: “connected with the aggregates, elements, sense bases, and conditional relations.” 'To be learned and to be mastered' is said with an interchange of gender and number; thus it states: “to be learned and to be practiced.” Poetry is the work of a poet. And whatever work is done by someone is said to be done by them; therefore it is said: 'poetry' means 'composed by poets.' 'Poetic compositions' (`kāveyya`) means poetry (`kabya`), and `kabya` means what is spoken by a poet. Hence it is said: “it is a synonym for that.” 'Ornamented letters' means letters of a picturesque form. The other term is a synonym for that. 'Standing outside the Dispensation' means not belonging to the Dispensation. 'By the disciples of outsiders' means by the disciples of some who are not known as “Buddhas.” 'They will be eager to listen' means that, on account of the ornamented letters and the excellence of the melody, they will be pleased—novices, young monks, women, great householders, and others—and will gather, thinking, “This is a Dhamma speaker,” and will become desirous of listening.

တတိယအနာဂတဘယသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Third Discourse on Future Dangers is concluded.

၁၀. စတုတ္ထအနာဂတဘယသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

10. Commentary on the Fourth Discourse on Future Dangers

၈၀. ဒသမေ ပဉ္စဝိဓေန သံသဂ္ဂေနာတိ ‘‘သဝနသံသဂ္ဂေါ, ဒဿနသံသဂ္ဂေါ, သမုလ္လာပသံသဂ္ဂေါ, သမ္ဘောဂသံသဂ္ဂေါ, ကာယသံသဂ္ဂေါ’’တိ ဧဝံ ဝုတ္တေန ပဉ္စဝိဓေန သံသဂ္ဂေန. သံသဇ္ဇတိ ဧတေနာတိ သံသဂ္ဂေါ, ရာဂေါ. သဝနဟေတုကော, သဝနဝသေန ဝါ ပဝတ္တော သံသဂ္ဂေါ သဝနသံသဂ္ဂေါ. ဧသ နယော [Pg.32] သေသေသုပိ. ကာယသံသဂ္ဂေါ ပန ကာယပရာမာသော. တေသု ပရေဟိ ဝါ ကထိယမာနံ ရူပါဒိသမ္ပတ္တိံ အတ္တနာ ဝါ သိတလပိတဂီတသဒ္ဒံ သုဏန္တဿ သောတဝိညာဏဝီထိဝသေန ဥပ္ပန္နော ရာဂေါ သဝနသံသဂ္ဂေါ နာမ. ဝိသဘာဂရူပံ ဩလောကေန္တဿ ပန စက္ခုဝိညာဏဝီထိဝသေန ဥပ္ပန္နော ရာဂေါ ဒဿနသံသဂ္ဂေါ နာမ. အညမညအာလာပသလ္လာပဝသေန ဥပ္ပန္နရာဂေါ သမုလ္လာပသံသဂ္ဂေါ နာမ. ဘိက္ခုနော ဘိက္ခုနိယာ သန္တကံ, ဘိက္ခုနိယာ ဘိက္ခုဿ သန္တကံ ဂဟေတွာ ပရိဘောဂကရဏဝသေန ဥပ္ပန္နရာဂေါ သမ္ဘောဂသံသဂ္ဂေါ နာမ. ဟတ္ထဂ္ဂါဟာဒိဝသေန ဥပ္ပန္နော ရာဂေါ ကာယသံသဂ္ဂေါ နာမ.

80. In the tenth, 'through fivefold association' means through the fivefold association stated as: “association through hearing, association through seeing, association through conversation, association through mutual use, and association through bodily contact.” Association (`saṃsaggo`): one becomes attached by means of this, thus it is association; it is lust (`rāga`). Association that has hearing as its cause, or that proceeds by way of hearing, is association through hearing. This method applies to the rest as well. Association through bodily contact, however, is physical touching. Among these, the lust that arises through the process of ear-consciousness for one who hears others speaking of the perfection of forms and so on, or for one who hears cool sounds, passionate songs, or music, is called association through hearing. The lust that arises through the process of eye-consciousness for one who gazes at an unsuitable form is called association through seeing. The lust that arises by way of mutual talk and conversation is called association through conversation. The lust that arises by way of a bhikkhu taking and using what belongs to a bhikkhunī, or a bhikkhunī taking and using what belongs to a bhikkhu, is called association through mutual use. The lust that arises by way of acts such as holding hands is called association through bodily contact.

အနေကဝိဟိတန္တိ အန္နသန္နိဓိပါနသန္နိဓိဝတ္ထသန္နိဓိယာနသန္နိဓိသယနသန္နိဓိဂန္ဓသန္နိဓိ- အာမိသသန္နိဓိဝသေန အနေကပ္ပကာရံ. သန္နိဓိကတဿာတိ ဧတေန ‘‘သန္နိဓိကာရပရိဘောဂ’’န္တိ (ဓ. သ. တိကမာတိကာ ၁၀) ဧတ္ထ ကာရ-သဒ္ဒဿ ကမ္မတ္ထတံ ဒဿေတိ. ယထာ ဝါ ‘‘အာစယံ ဂါမိနော’’တိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗေ အနုနာသိကလောပေန ‘‘အာစယဂါမိနော’’တိ နိဒ္ဒေသော ကတော, ဧဝံ ‘‘သန္နိဓိကာရံ ပရိဘောဂ’’န္တိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗေ အနုနာသိကလောပေန ‘‘သန္နိဓိကာရပရိဘောဂ’’န္တိ ဝုတ္တံ, သန္နိဓိံ ကတွာ ပရိဘောဂန္တိ အတ္ထော.

‘Of various kinds’ means of many types: by way of storing food, storing drink, storing robes, storing vehicles, storing bedding, storing scents, and storing material things. ‘Of what has been stored’: by this, in the phrase ‘use involving storing’ (`sannidhikāraparibhoga`), it shows that the word `kāra` is in the objective sense. Just as when `ācayaṃ gāmino` (going to accumulation) should be said, it is stated as `ācayagāmino` by elision of the nasal, so too, when `sannidhikāraṃ paribhoga` should be said, it is stated as `sannidhikāraparibhoga`. The meaning is ‘use after having made a store’ (`sannidhiṃ katvā paribhoga`).

‘‘သန္နိဓိကတဿ ပရိဘောဂ’’န္တိ ဧတ္ထ (ဒီ. နိ. အဋ္ဌ. ၁.၁၂) ပန ဒုဝိဓာ ကထာ ဝိနယဝသေန သလ္လေခဝသေန စ. ဝိနယဝသေန တာဝ ယံ ကိဉ္စိ အန္နံ အဇ္ဇ ပဋိဂ္ဂဟိတံ အပရဇ္ဇု သန္နိဓိကာရံ ဟောတိ, တဿ ပရိဘောဂေ ပါစိတ္တိယံ. အတ္တနာ လဒ္ဓံ ပန သာမဏေရာနံ ဒတွာ တေဟိ လဒ္ဓံ ဝါ ပါပေတွာ ဒုတိယဒိဝသေ ဘုဉ္ဇိတုံ ဝဋ္ဋတိ, သလ္လေခေါ ပန န ဟောတိ. ပါနသန္နိဓိမှိပိ ဧသေဝ နယော. ဝတ္ထသန္နိဓိမှိ အနဓိဋ္ဌိတာဝိကပ္ပိတံ သန္နိဓိ စ ဟောတိ, သလ္လေခဉ္စ ကောပေတိ. အယံ နိပ္ပရိယာယကထာ. ပရိယာယတော ပန တိစီဝရသန္တုဋ္ဌေန ဘဝိတဗ္ဗံ, စတုတ္ထံ လဘိတွာ အညဿ ဒါတဗ္ဗံ. သစေ ယဿ ကဿစိ ဒါတုံ န သက္ကောတိ, ယဿ ပန ဒါတုကာမော ဟောတိ, သော ဥဒ္ဒေသတ္ထာယ ဝါ ပရိပုစ္ဆတ္ထာယ ဝါ ဂတော, အာဂတမတ္တေ ဒါတဗ္ဗံ, အဒါတုံ န ဝဋ္ဋတိ. စီဝရေ ပန အပ္ပဟောန္တေ, သတိယာ ဝါ ပစ္စာသာယ အနုညာတကာလံ ဌပေတုံ ဝဋ္ဋတိ. သူစိသုတ္တစီဝရကာရကာနံ အလာဘေ တတောပိ ဝိနယကမ္မံ ကတွာ ဌပေတုံ ဝဋ္ဋတိ ‘‘ဣမသ္မိံ ဇိဏ္ဏေ ပုန ဤဒိသံ ကုတော လဘိဿာမီ’’တိ ပန ဌပေတုံ န ဝဋ္ဋတိ, သန္နိဓိ စ ဟောတိ, သလ္လေခဉ္စ ကောပေတိ.

Here, concerning ‘the use of what is stored’ (Dī. Ni. Aṭṭha. 1.12), the discussion is twofold: from the perspective of the Vinaya and from the perspective of the practice of effacement (`sallekha`). First, from the perspective of the Vinaya: any food received today becomes a stored item if kept until the next day, and using it entails an offense of expiation (`pācittiya`). However, if one gives what one has obtained to novices and then receives it back from them, it is allowable to eat it on the second day, but this is not the practice of effacement. This same method applies to the storing of drinks. In the case of storing robes, a robe that is not determined for use or shared with another is both a stored item and it violates the practice of effacement. This is the direct explanation. Indirectly, however, one should be content with the three robes. If a fourth is obtained, it should be given to another. If one cannot give it to just anyone, but wishes to give it to someone who has gone away for the purpose of recitation or inquiry, it should be given to him as soon as he returns; it is not allowable not to give it. But if one's robe is insufficient, it is allowable to set another aside for the permitted time with mindfulness or in expectation. If a needle, thread, and robe-makers are not available, it is also allowable to set it aside after performing a formal act of the Vinaya. But it is not allowable to set it aside thinking, “When this one is worn out, from where will I get another like it?” This is storing, and it violates the practice of effacement.

ယာနသန္နိဓိမှိ [Pg.33] ယာနံ နာမ ဝယှံ ရထော သကဋံ သန္ဒမာနိကာ ပါဋင်္ကီတိ. န ပနေတံ ပဗ္ဗဇိတဿ ယာနံ, ဥပါဟနံ ပန ယာနံ. ဧကဘိက္ခုဿ ဟိ ဧကော အရညဝါသတ္ထာယ, ဧကော ဓောတပါဒကတ္ထာယာတိ ဥက္ကံသတော ဒွေ ဥပါဟနသံဃာဋကာ ဝဋ္ဋန္တိ, တတိယံ လဘိတွာ အညဿ ဒါတဗ္ဗော. ‘‘ဣမသ္မိံ ဇိဏ္ဏေ အညံ ကုတော လဘိဿာမီ’’တိ ဌပေတုံ န ဝဋ္ဋတိ, သန္နိဓိ စ ဟောတိ, သလ္လေခဉ္စ ကောပေတိ. သယနသန္နိဓိမှိ သယနန္တိ မဉ္စော. ဧကဿ ဘိက္ခုနော ဧကော သယနဂဗ္ဘေ, ဧကော ဒိဝါဋ္ဌာနေတိ ဥက္ကံသတော ဒွေ မဉ္စာ ဝဋ္ဋန္တိ. တတော ဥတ္တရိံ လဘိတွာ အညဿ ဘိက္ခုနော, ဂဏဿ ဝါ ဒါတဗ္ဗော, အဒါတုံ န ဝဋ္ဋတိ, သန္နိဓိ စေဝ ဟောတိ, သလ္လေခေါ စ ကုပ္ပတိ. ဂန္ဓသန္နိဓိမှိ ဘိက္ခုနော ကဏ္ဍုကစ္ဆုဆဝိဒေါသာဒိအာဗာဓေ သတိ ဂန္ဓာ ဝဋ္ဋန္တိ. ဂန္ဓတ္ထိကေန ဂန္ဓဉ္စ အာဟရာပေတွာ တသ္မိံ ရောဂေ ဝူပသန္တေ အညေသံ ဝါ အာဗာဓိကာနံ ဒါတဗ္ဗံ, ဒွါရေ ပဉ္စင်္ဂုလိဃရဓူပနာဒီသု ဝါ ဥပနေတဗ္ဗံ. ‘‘ပုန ရောဂေ သတိ ဘဝိဿတီ’’တိ ဌပေတုံ န ဝဋ္ဋတိ, ဂန္ဓသန္နိဓိ စ ဟောတိ, သလ္လေခဉ္စ ကောပေတိ.

In the case of storing vehicles: a vehicle is a palanquin, a chariot, a cart, a sedan chair, or a covered litter. But these are not a vehicle for one who has gone forth; for him, footwear is the vehicle. For one bhikkhu, at most two pairs of footwear are allowable: one for living in the forest and one for when his feet are washed. If a third is obtained, it must be given to another. It is not allowable to keep it thinking, “When this one is worn out, from where will I get another?” This is storing, and it violates the practice of effacement. In the case of storing bedding: bedding is a couch. For one bhikkhu, at most two couches are allowable: one in his sleeping quarters and one in his day-quarters. If more than that are obtained, they must be given to another bhikkhu or to the Sangha. It is not allowable not to give them, for this is storing and it violates the practice of effacement. In the case of storing scents: scents are allowable for a bhikkhu when he has an illness such as an itch, scabies, or a skin disease. One who needs scents may have them brought, but when the illness has subsided, they should be given to other ill persons or used for incense at the door, for five-finger handprint offerings, or for fumigating dwellings. It is not allowable to keep them thinking, “It will be there if I get sick again.” This is storing scents, and it violates the practice of effacement.

အာမိသန္တိ ဝုတ္တာဝသေသံ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗံ. သေယျထိဒံ – ဣဓေကစ္စော ဘိက္ခု ‘‘တထာရူပေ ကာလေ ဥပကာရာယ ဘဝိဿန္တီ’’တိ တိလတဏ္ဍုလမုဂ္ဂမာသနာဠိကေရလောဏမစ္ဆသပ္ပိတေလကုလာလဘာဇနာဒီနိ အာဟရာပေတွာ ဌပေတိ. သော ဝဿကာလေ ကာလဿေဝ သာမဏေရေဟိ ယာဂုံ ပစာပေတွာ ပရိဘုဉ္ဇိတွာ ‘‘သာမဏေရ ဥဒကကဒ္ဒမေ ဒုက္ခံ ဂါမံ ပဝိသိတုံ, ဂစ္ဆ အသုကကုလံ ဂန္တွာ မယှံ ဝိဟာရေ နိသိန္နဘာဝံ အာရောစေဟိ, အသုကကုလတော ဒဓိအာဒီနိ အာဟရာ’’တိ ပေသေတိ. ဘိက္ခူဟိ ‘‘ကိံ, ဘန္တေ, ဂါမံ ပဝိသိဿာမာ’’တိ ဝုတ္တေပိ ‘‘ဒုပ္ပဝေသော, အာဝုသော, ဣဒါနိ ဂါမော’’တိ ဝဒတိ. တေ ‘‘ဟောတု, ဘန္တေ, အစ္ဆထ တုမှေ, မယံ ဘိက္ခံ ပရိယေသိတွာ အာဟရိဿာမာ’’တိ ဂစ္ဆန္တိ. အထ သာမဏေရော ဒဓိအာဒီနိ အာဟရိတွာ ဘတ္တဉ္စ ဗျဉ္ဇနဉ္စ သမ္ပာဒေတွာ ဥပနေတိ, တံ ဘုဉ္ဇန္တဿေဝ ဥပဋ္ဌာကာ ဘတ္တံ ပဟိဏန္တိ, တတောပိ မနာပမနာပံ ဘုဉ္ဇတိ. အထ ဘိက္ခူ ပိဏ္ဍပါတံ ဂဟေတွာ အာဂစ္ဆန္တိ, တတောပိ မနာပမနာပံ ဘုဉ္ဇတိယေဝ. ဧဝံ စတုမာသမ္ပိ ဝီတိနာမေတိ. အယံ ဝုစ္စတိ ဘိက္ခု မုဏ္ဍကုဋုမ္ဗိကဇီဝိကံ ဇီဝတိ, န သမဏဇီဝိကန္တိ. ဧဝရူပေါ အာမိသသန္နိဓိ နာမ ဟောတိ. ဘိက္ခုနော ပန ဝသနဋ္ဌာနေ ဧကာ တဏ္ဍုလနာဠိ ဧကော ဂုဠပိဏ္ဍော [Pg.34] ကုဍုဝမတ္တံ သပ္ပီတိ ဧတ္တကံ နိဓေတုံ ဝဋ္ဋတိ အကာလေ သမ္ပတ္တစောရာနံ အတ္ထာယ. တေ ဟိ ဧတ္တကံ အာမိသပဋိသန္ထာရံ အလဘန္တာ ဇီဝိတာ ဝေါရောပေယျုံ, တသ္မာ သစေ ဟိ ဧတ္တကံ နတ္ထိ, အာဟရာပေတွာပိ ဌပေတုံ ဝဋ္ဋတိ. အဖာသုကကာလေ စ ယဒေတ္ထ ကပ္ပိယံ, တံ အတ္တနာပိ ပရိဘုဉ္ဇိတုံ ဝဋ္ဋတိ. ကပ္ပိယကုဋိယံ ပန ဗဟုံ ဌပေန္တဿပိ သန္နိဓိ နာမ နတ္ထိ.

Concerning material things, the remainder should be understood as stated. For instance: Here, a certain bhikkhu, thinking, 'They will be useful at such-and-such a time,' has things like sesame seeds, rice, mung beans, māsa beans, coconuts, salt, fish, ghee, oil, and clay pots brought and stored. When the rains retreat arrives, early in the morning, he has the novices prepare rice-gruel, consumes it, and then sends a novice off, saying: 'Novice, it is difficult to enter the village through the water and mud. Go to such-and-such a family, inform them that I am sitting in my dwelling, and bring back curds and so on from such-and-such a family.' When the bhikkhus say, 'Venerable sir, shall we enter the village?' he replies, 'The village is difficult to enter now, friends.' They say, 'Very well, venerable sir, you stay here. We will go and search for almsfood and bring it back.' Then the novice brings back curds and so on, prepares boiled rice and curry, and presents them. While he is eating, his supporters send more food, and he eats what is agreeable from that. Then the bhikkhus return with almsfood, and from that too he eats what is agreeable. Thus he passes the four months. This is called a bhikkhu who lives the life of a shaven-headed householder, not the life of a recluse. Such is called the storing of material things. However, for a bhikkhu in his dwelling place, it is permissible to store a single nāḷi of rice, a lump of jaggery, and a kuḍuva-measure of ghee—for the sake of thieves who may arrive at an inopportune time. For if they do not obtain even this much material hospitality, they might deprive him of life. Therefore, if even this much is not available, it is permissible to have it brought and stored. And in times of discomfort, whatever is allowable there may also be consumed by oneself. But even if one stores much in an allowable store-room, it does not constitute storing.

စတုတ္ထအနာဂတဘယသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Fourth Discourse on Future Dangers is finished.

ယောဓာဇီဝဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Yodhājīva Chapter is finished.

(၉) ၄. ထေရဝဂ္ဂေါ

(9) 4. The Chapter on the Elders

၁-၂. ရဇနီယသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

1-2. Commentary on the Discourses Beginning with the Rajanīya Sutta

၈၁-၈၂. စတုတ္ထဿ ပဌမံ သုဝိညေယျမေဝ. ဒုတိယေ ဂုဏမက္ခနာယ ပဝတ္တောပိ အတ္တနော ကာရကံ ဂူထေန ပဟရန္တံ ဂူထော ဝိယ ပဌမတရံ မက္ခေတီတိ မက္ခော, သော ဧတဿ အတ္ထီတိ မက္ခီ. ပဠာသတီတိ ပဠာသော, ပရဿ ဂုဏေ ဍံသိတွာ ဝိယ အပနေတီတိ အတ္ထော. သော ဧတဿ အတ္ထီတိ ပဠာသီ. ပဠာသီ ပုဂ္ဂလော ဟိ ဒုတိယဿ ဓုရံ န ဒေတိ, သမ္ပသာရေတွာ တိဋ္ဌတိ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ယုဂဂ္ဂါဟလက္ခဏေန ပဠာသေန သမန္နာဂတော’’တိ.

81-82. The first part of the fourth is very easy to understand. In the second, `makkho` (contempt) is so called because, though it proceeds from denigrating another's virtues, it sullies the perpetrator first, just as dung sullies the one who throws it. One who has this is called a `makkhī`. `Paḷāso` is rivalry; the meaning is that one eliminates another's virtues as if by biting them. One who has this is called a `paḷāsī`. A rivalrous person does not take up another's yoke but stands aloof. Hence it is said: 'endowed with rivalry, characterized by not taking up the yoke.'

ရဇနီယသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the discourses beginning with the Rajanīya Sutta is finished.

၃. ကုဟကသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

3. Commentary on the Kuhaka Sutta

၈၃. တတိယေ တီဟိ ကုဟနဝတ္ထူဟီတိ သာမန္တဇပ္ပနဣရိယာပထသန္နိဿိတပစ္စယပ္ပဋိသေဝနဘေဒတော တိပ္ပဘေဒေဟိ ကုဟနဝတ္ထူဟိ. တိဝိဓေန ကုဟနဝတ္ထုနာ လောကံ ကုဟယတိ ဝိမှာပယတိ ‘‘အဟော အစ္ဆရိယပုရိသော’’တိ အတ္တနိ ပရေသံ ဝိမှယံ ဥပ္ပာဒေတီတိ ကုဟကော. လာဘသက္ကာရတ္ထိကော ဟုတွာ လပတိ အတ္တာနံ ဒါယကံ ဝါ ဥက္ခိပိတွာ ယထာ သော ကိဉ္စိ ဒဒါတိ, ဧဝံ ဥက္ကာစေတွာ ကထေတီတိ လပကော. နိမိတ္တံ သီလံ တဿာတိ နေမိတ္တိကော, နိမိတ္တေန ဝါ စရတိ, နိမိတ္တံ ဝါ ကရောတီတိ နေမိတ္တိကော. နိမိတ္တန္တိ စ ပရေသံ ပစ္စယဒါနသညုပ္ပာဒကံ ကာယဝစီကမ္မံ ဝုစ္စတိ[Pg.35]. နိပ္ပေသော သီလမဿာတိ နိပ္ပေသိကော. နိပ္ပိသတီတိ ဝါ နိပ္ပေသော, နိပ္ပေသောယေဝ နိပ္ပေသိကော. နိပ္ပေသောတိ စ သဌပုရိသော ဝိယ လာဘသက္ကာရတ္ထံ အက္ကောသနုပ္ပဏ္ဍနပရပိဋ္ဌိမံသိကတာဒိ.

83. In the third, 'by three grounds of deceit' means by the three kinds of grounds of deceit, distinguished as hinting, deportment, and the use of requisites. By means of the threefold ground of deceit, one deceives and astonishes the world, making others marvel, thinking, 'Oh, what a wonderful person!'—thus, one is a `kuhaka` (deceiver). Being desirous of gain and honor, one `lapati` (chatters), exalting oneself or a donor so that they give something; one who speaks in this extolling way is a `lapaka` (chatterer). One whose practice is making signs (`nimitta`) is a `nemittika`; or one who acts by means of signs or makes signs is a `nemittika`. A 'sign' refers to a bodily or verbal action that generates in others the idea of giving requisites. One whose practice is belittling (`nippesa`) is a `nippesika`; or one who belittles is a `nippesika`. `Nippesa` refers to things like insulting, ridiculing, and backbiting, done by a crafty person for the sake of gain and honor.

ကုဟကသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Kuhaka Sutta is finished.

၆-၇. ပဋိသမ္ဘိဒါပ္ပတ္တသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

6-7. Commentary on the Discourses Beginning with the Paṭisambhidāppatta Sutta

၈၆-၈၇. ဆဋ္ဌေ ပဋိသမ္ဘိဒါသု ယံ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗံ, တံ ဟေဋ္ဌာ ဝုတ္တမေဝ. ဥစ္စာဝစာနီတိ ဥစ္စနီစာနိ. တေနာဟ ‘‘မဟန္တခုဒ္ဒကာနီ’’တိ. ကိံကရဏီယာနီတိ ‘‘ကိံ ကရောမီ’’တိ ဧဝံ ဝတွာ ကတ္တဗ္ဗကမ္မာနိ. တတ္ထ ဥစ္စကမ္မာနိ နာမ စီဝရဿ ကရဏံ, ရဇနံ, စေတိယေ သုဓာကမ္မံ, ဥပေါသထာဂါရစေတိယဃရဗောဓိဃရေသု ကတ္တဗ္ဗကမ္မန္တိ ဧဝမာဒိ. အဝစကမ္မံ နာမ ပါဒဓောဝနမက္ခနာဒိ ခုဒ္ဒကကမ္မံ. တတြုပါယာသာတိ တတြုပဂမနိယာ, တတြ တတြ မဟန္တေ ခုဒ္ဒကေ စ ကမ္မေ သာဓနဝသေန ဥပဂစ္ဆန္တိယာတိ အတ္ထော. တဿ တဿ ကမ္မဿ နိပ္ဖာဒနေ သမတ္ထာယာတိ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ. တတြုပါယာယာတိ ဝါ တတြ တတြ ကမ္မေ သာဓေတဗ္ဗေ ဥပါယဘူတာယ. အလံ ကာတုန္တိ ကာတုံ သမတ္ထော ဟောတိ. အလံ သံဝိဓာတုန္တိ ဝိစာရေတုံ သမတ္ထော. သတ္တမံ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

86-87. In the sixth, what should be said regarding the analytical knowledges has already been stated above. `Uccāvacāni` means high and low. Hence it is said, 'great and small.' `Kiṃkaraṇīyāni` refers to tasks to be done after saying, 'What shall I do?' Here, high tasks include making robes, dyeing, plastering work at a cetiya, and tasks to be done in the Uposatha hall, cetiya house, or Bodhi-tree house, and so on. Low tasks include minor duties like washing feet, anointing, and the like. `Tatrupāyā` means that by which one approaches; the meaning is that one approaches for the sake of accomplishing both great and small tasks here and there. It is said that one is capable of completing any given task. Alternatively, `tatrupāyāya` means being a means to accomplish tasks wherever they need to be done. `Alaṃ kātuṃ` means one is capable of doing. `Alaṃ saṃvidhātuṃ` means one is capable of managing. The seventh is self-evident.

ပဋိသမ္ဘိဒါပ္ပတ္တသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the discourses beginning with the Paṭisambhidāppatta Sutta is finished.

၈. ထေရသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

8. Commentary on the Sutta on the Elder

၈၈. အဋ္ဌမေ ထိရဘာဝပ္ပတ္တောတိ သာသနေ ထိရဘာဝံ အနိဝတ္တိဘာဝံ ပတ္ထော. ပဗ္ဗဇိတော ဟုတွာ ဗဟူ ရတ္တိယော ဇာနာတီတိ ရတ္တညူ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ပဗ္ဗဇိတဒိဝသတော ပဋ္ဌာယာ’’တိအာဒိ. ပါကဋောတိ အယထာဘူတဂုဏေဟိ စေဝ ယထာဘူတဂုဏေဟိ စ သမုဂ္ဂတော. ယသော ဧတဿ အတ္ထီတိ ယသဿီ, ယသံ သိတော နိဿိတော ဝါ ယသဿီ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ယသနိဿိတော’’တိ. အသတံ အသာဓူနံ ဓမ္မာ အသဒ္ဓမ္မာ, အသန္တာ ဝါ အသုန္ဒရာ ဂါရယှာ လာမကာ ဓမ္မာတိ အသဒ္ဓမ္မာ. ဝိပရိယာယေန သဒ္ဓမ္မာ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ.

88. In the eighth sutta: ‘One who has attained a stable state’ means one who has attained a stable state, an irreversible state, in the Dispensation. ‘One of long standing’ is one who, having gone forth, knows many nights. Hence it is said: ‘from the day of going forth,’ and so on. ‘Manifest’ means one who has become prominent both through qualities that are not as they really are and through qualities that are as they really are. ‘Famous’ is one who has fame, or one who depends on or relies on fame is ‘famous.’ Hence it is said: ‘reliant on fame.’ The dhammas of the bad, the unvirtuous, are the bad Dhamma; or dhammas that are non-existent, not good, blameworthy, and inferior are the bad Dhamma. The good Dhamma is to be understood in the opposite way.

ထေရသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Sutta on the Elder is finished.

၉. ပဌမသေခသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

9. Commentary on the First Sutta on the Trainee

၈၉. နဝမေ [Pg.36] အာရမိတဗ္ဗဋ္ဌေန ကမ္မံ အာရာမော ဧတဿာတိ ကမ္မာရာမော, တဿ ဘာဝေါ ကမ္မာရာမတာ. တတ္ထ ကမ္မန္တိ ဣတိကတ္တဗ္ဗံ ကမ္မံ ဝုစ္စတိ. သေယျထိဒံ – စီဝရဝိစာရဏံ စီဝရကမ္မကရဏံ ဥပတ္ထမ္ဘနံ ပတ္တတ္ထဝိကအံသဗဒ္ဓကကာယဗန္ဓနဓမ္မကရဏအာဓာရကပါဒကထလိကသမ္မဇ္ဇနိအာဒီနံ ကရဏန္တိ. ဧကစ္စော ဟိ ဧတာနိ ကရောန္တော သကလဒိဝသံ ဧတာနေဝ ကရောတိ, တံ သန္ဓာယေသ ပဋိက္ခေပေါ. ယော ပန ဧတေသံ ကရဏဝေလာယမေဝ တာနိ ကရောတိ, ဥဒ္ဒေသဝေလာယ ဥဒ္ဒေသံ ဂဏှာတိ, သဇ္ဈာယဝေလာယ သဇ္ဈာယတိ, စေတိယင်္ဂဏဝတ္တဝေလာယ စေတိယင်္ဂဏဝတ္တံ ကရောတိ, မနသိကာရဝေလာယ မနသိကာရံ ကရောတိ, န သော ကမ္မာရာမော နာမ. ဘဿာရာမတာတိ ဧတ္ထ ယော ဣတ္ထိဝဏ္ဏပုရိသဝဏ္ဏာဒိဝသေန အာလာပသလ္လာပံ ကရောန္တောယေဝ ဒိဝသဉ္စ ရတ္တိဉ္စ ဝီတိနာမေတိ, ဧဝရူပေါ ဘဿေ ပရိယန္တကာရီ န ဟောတိ, အယံ ဘဿာရာမော နာမ. ယော ပန ရတ္တိမ္ပိ ဒိဝသမ္ပိ ဓမ္မံ ကထေတိ, ပဉှံ ဝိဿဇ္ဇေတိ, အယံ အပ္ပဘဿော ဘဿေ ပရိယန္တကာရီယေဝ. ကသ္မာ? ‘‘သန္နိပတိတာနံ ဝေါ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, ဒွယံ ကရဏီယံ ဓမ္မီ ဝါ ကထာ, အရိယော ဝါ တုဏှီဘာဝေါ’’တိ (မ. နိ. ၁.၂၇၃; ဥဒါ. ၁၂, ၂၈, ၂၉) ဝုတ္တတ္တာ.

89. In the ninth: ‘Delighting in work.’ Work is his delight, thus he is one who delights in work; the state of that is delight in work. Here, ‘work’ refers to work that is to be done, such as inspecting robes, making robes, providing supports, making bowl-bags, shoulder straps, waistbands, water-strainers, stands, footstools, brooms, and so on. For a certain person, doing these tasks occupies his entire day; this is what is being censured. But one who does these tasks only at the time for them, who takes up a recitation at the time for recitation, who recites at the time for recitation, who performs the duties in the shrine-courtyard at the time for those duties, and who practices contemplation at the time for contemplation—such a person is not called one who delights in work. Regarding ‘delight in talk’: here, one who spends day and night engaged in talk and conversation about the praise of women, the praise of men, and so on, without setting a limit to such talk, is called one who delights in talk. But one who speaks on the Dhamma or answers questions day and night indeed sets a limit to talk. Why? Because it is said: ‘When you have gathered together, monks, there are two things to be done: either talk on the Dhamma or noble silence’ (MN 26; Ud 2.2).

နိဒ္ဒါရာမတာတိ ဧတ္ထ ယော ဂစ္ဆန္တောပိ နိသိန္နောပိ နိပန္နောပိ ထိနမိဒ္ဓါဘိဘူတော နိဒ္ဒါယတိယေဝ, အယံ နိဒ္ဒါရာမော နာမ. ယဿ ပန ကရဇကာယေ ဂေလညေန စိတ္တံ ဘဝင်္ဂေ ဩတရတိ, နာယံ နိဒ္ဒါရာမော. တေနေဝါဟ – ‘‘အဘိဇာနာမိ ခေါ ပနာဟံ, အဂ္ဂိဝေဿန, ဂိမှာနံ ပစ္ဆိမေ မာသေ ပစ္ဆာဘတ္တံ ပိဏ္ဍပါတပ္ပဋိက္ကန္တော စတုဂ္ဂုဏံ သံဃာဋိံ ပညာပေတွာ ဒက္ခိဏေန ပဿေန သတော သမ္ပဇာနော နိဒ္ဒံ ဩက္ကမိတာ’’တိ (မ. နိ. ၁.၃၈၇). သင်္ဂဏိကာရာမတာတိ ဧတ္ထ ယော ဧကဿ ဒုတိယော, ဒွိန္နံ တတိယော, တိဏ္ဏံ စတုတ္ထောတိ ဧဝံ သံသဋ္ဌောဝ ဝိဟရတိ, ဧကကော အဿာဒံ န လဘတိ, အယံ သင်္ဂဏိကာရာမော. ယော ပန စတူသု ဣရိယာပထေသု ဧကကောဝ အဿာဒံ လဘတိ, နာယံ သင်္ဂဏိကာရာမော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. သေခါနံ ပဋိလဒ္ဓဂုဏဿ ပရိဟာနာသမ္ဘဝတော ‘‘ဥပရိဂုဏေဟီ’’တိအာဒိ ဝုတ္တံ.

‘Delighting in sleep’: Here, one who, whether walking, sitting, or lying down, is overcome by sloth and torpor and just keeps sleeping—this is called one who delights in sleep. But for one whose mind sinks into the life-continuum due to an illness in his physical body, this is not one who delights in sleep. Thus it is said: ‘I recall, Aggivessana, in the last month of the hot season, after returning from the alms-round after the meal, having folded my outer robe in four, I lay down on my right side, entering sleep mindful and clearly comprehending’ (MN 36). ‘Delighting in company’: Here, one who lives always in association with others—as a second to one, a third to two, a fourth to three—and finds no gratification in being alone, this is one who delights in company. But one who finds gratification in being alone in the four postures is not to be regarded as one who delights in company. Since it is impossible for a trainee to decline from a quality that has been attained, the phrase ‘from higher qualities,’ and so on, is stated.

ပဌမသေခသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The explanation of the First Sutta on the Trainee is finished.

၁၀. ဒုတိယသေခသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

10. Explanation of the Second Sutta on the Trainee

၉၀. ဒသမေ [Pg.37] အတိပါတောဝါတိ သဗ္ဗရတ္တိံ နိဒ္ဒါယိတွာ ဗလဝပစ္စူသေ ကောဋိသမ္မုဉ္ဇနိယာ ထောကံ သမ္မဇ္ဇိတွာ မုခံ ဓောဝိတွာ ယာဂုဘိက္ခတ္ထာယ ပါတောဝ ပဝိသတိ. တံ အတိက္ကမိတွာတိ ဂိဟိသံသဂ္ဂဝသေန ကာလံ ဝီတိနာမေန္တော မဇ္ဈနှိကသမယံ အတိက္ကမိတွာ ပက္ကမတိ. ပါတောယေဝ ဟိ ဂါမံ ပဝိသိတွာ ယာဂုံ အာဒါယ အာသနသာလံ ဂန္တွာ ပိဝိတွာ ဧကသ္မိံ ဌာနေ နိပန္နော နိဒ္ဒါယိတွာ မနုဿာနံ ဘောဇနဝေလာယ ‘‘ပဏီတဘိက္ခံ လဘိဿာမီ’’တိ ဥပကဋ္ဌေ မဇ္ဈနှိကေ ဥဋ္ဌာယ ဓမ္မကရဏေန ဥဒကံ ဂဟေတွာ အက္ခီနိ ပုဉ္ဆိတွာ ပိဏ္ဍာယ စရိတွာ ယာဝဒတ္ထံ ဘုဉ္ဇိတွာ ဂိဟိသံသဋ္ဌော ကာလံ ဝီတိနာမေတွာ မဇ္ဈနှေ ဝီတိဝတ္တေ ပဋိက္ကမတိ.

90. In the tenth: ‘He enters too early.’ Having slept the whole night, at the crack of dawn he sweeps a little with the tip of a broom, washes his face, and enters the village very early for rice gruel. ‘He returns too late.’ He spends time in association with householders and departs after midday has passed. For having entered the village very early in the morning and obtained rice gruel, he goes to the meeting hall, drinks it, lies down in one spot and sleeps. Then, at the time of the people’s meal, close to midday, he gets up, thinking, ‘I will get choice almsfood.’ Having taken water with a water-strainer and wiped his eyes, he wanders for almsfood, eats as much as he wants, spends time in association with householders, and returns when midday has passed.

အပ္ပိစ္ဆကထာတိ, ‘‘အာဝုသော, အတြိစ္ဆတာ ပါပိစ္ဆတာတိ ဣမေ ဓမ္မာ ပဟာတဗ္ဗာ’’တိ တေသု အာဒီနဝံ ဒဿေတွာ ‘‘ဧဝရူပံ အပ္ပိစ္ဆတံ သမာဒါယ ဝတ္တိတဗ္ဗ’’န္တိအာဒိနယပ္ပဝတ္တာ ကထာ. တီဟိ ဝိဝေကေဟီတိ ကာယဝိဝေကော, စိတ္တဝိဝေကော, ဥပဓိဝိဝေကောတိ ဣမေဟိ တီဟိ ဝိဝေကေဟိ. တတ္ထ ဧကော ဂစ္ဆတိ, ဧကော တိဋ္ဌတိ, ဧကော နိသီဒတိ, ဧကော သေယျံ ကပ္ပေတိ, ဧကော ဂါမံ ပိဏ္ဍာယ ပဝိသတိ, ဧကော ပဋိက္ကမတိ, ဧကော စင်္ကမံ အဓိဋ္ဌာတိ, ဧကော စရတိ, ဧကော ဝိဟရတီတိ အယံ ကာယဝိဝေကော နာမ. အဋ္ဌ သမာပတ္တိယော ပန စိတ္တဝိဝေကော နာမ. နိဗ္ဗာနံ ဥပဓိဝိဝေကော နာမ. ဝုတ္တမ္ပိ ဟေတံ – ‘‘ကာယဝိဝေကော စ ဝိဝေကဋ္ဌကာယာနံ နေက္ခမ္မာဘိရတာနံ, စိတ္တဝိဝေကော စ ပရိသုဒ္ဓစိတ္တာနံ ပရမဝေါဒါနပ္ပတ္တာနံ, ဥပဓိဝိဝေကော စ နိရုပဓီနံ ပုဂ္ဂလာနံ ဝိသင်္ခါရဂတာန’’န္တိ (မဟာနိ. ၅၇). ဒုဝိဓံ ဝီရိယန္တိ ကာယိကံ, စေတသိကဉ္စ ဝီရိယံ. သီလန္တိ စတုပါရိသုဒ္ဓိသီလံ. သမာဓိန္တိ ဝိပဿနာပါဒကာ အဋ္ဌ သမာပတ္တိယော. ဝိမုတ္တိကထာတိ ဝါ အရိယဖလံ အာရဗ္ဘ ပဝတ္တာ ကထာ. သေသံ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

‘Talk on fewness of wishes’: this is talk that proceeds by showing the danger in them, saying: ‘Friend, excessive desire and evil wishes are to be abandoned,’ and advising: ‘One should live having undertaken such fewness of wishes,’ and so on. ‘By the three seclusions’ means by these three seclusions: bodily seclusion, mental seclusion, and seclusion from the substrata. Herein, one goes alone, stands alone, sits alone, lies down alone, enters the village for alms alone, returns alone, undertakes walking meditation alone, walks alone, and dwells alone—this is called bodily seclusion. The eight attainments are called mental seclusion. Nibbāna is called seclusion from the substrata. And this is said: ‘Bodily seclusion for those who delight in renunciation with a secluded body; mental seclusion for those with a purified mind who have attained supreme purification; seclusion from the substrata for those without substrata who have gone to the unconditioned’ (Mahāni 57). ‘Twofold energy’ means bodily and mental energy. ‘Virtue’ means the virtue of fourfold purification. ‘Concentration’ means the eight attainments that are the basis for insight. ‘Talk on liberation’ is talk that proceeds concerning the noble fruit. The rest is self-evident.

ဒုတိယသေခသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The explanation of the Second Sutta on the Trainee is finished.

ထေရဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The explanation of the Chapter on the Elders is finished.

(၁၀) ၅. ကကုဓဝဂ္ဂေါ

(10) 5. The Kakudha Chapter

၁-၁၀. ပဌမသမ္ပဒါသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

1-10. Commentary on the First Accomplishments Sutta, etc.

၉၁-၁၀၀. ပဉ္စမဿ [Pg.38] ပဌမေ ဒုတိယေ စ နတ္ထိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗံ. တတိယေ အာဇာနနတော အညာ, ဥပရိမဂ္ဂပညာ ဟေဋ္ဌိမမဂ္ဂေန ဉာတပရိညာယ ဧဝ ဇာနနတော. တဿာ ပန ဖလဘာဝတော မဂ္ဂဖလပညာ တံသဟဂတာ သမ္မာသင်္ကပ္ပာဒယော စ ဣဓ ‘‘အညာ’’တိ ဝုတ္တာ. အညာယ ဗျာကရဏာနိ အညာဗျာကရဏာနိ. တေနေဝါဟ ‘‘အညာဗျာကရဏာနီတိ အရဟတ္တဗျာကရဏာနီ’’တိ. အဓိဂတမာနေနာတိ အပ္ပတ္တေ ပတ္တသညီ, အနဓိဂတေ အဓိဂတသညီ ဟုတွာ အဓိဂတံ မယာတိ မာနေန. စတုတ္ထာဒီနိ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထာနေဝ.

91-100. In the fifth, there is nothing to be said concerning the first and second. In the third, aññā is distinct from ājānana, for it is the wisdom of the higher path known by means of the full understanding through the lower path. But because it has the nature of fruition, the wisdom of the path and fruition, and right intention and so forth associated with it, are here called 'aññā.' Aññāya byākaraṇāni becomes aññābyākaraṇāni. Therefore it is said: '“Declarations of final knowledge” means declarations of arahantship.' 'With the conceit of attainment' means with the conceit 'I have attained,' on the part of one who perceives as attained what has not been attained, and as realized what has not been realized. The fourth and so on are clear in meaning.

ပဌမသမ္ပဒါသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the First Accomplishments Sutta and so on is concluded.

ကကုဓဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Kakudha Chapter is concluded.

ဒုတိယပဏ္ဏာသကံ နိဋ္ဌိတံ.

The Second Fifty is concluded.

၃. တတိယပဏ္ဏာသကံ

3. The Third Fifty

(၁၁) ၁. ဖာသုဝိဟာရဝဂ္ဂေါ

(11) 1. The Chapter on Comfortable Abiding

၁-၄. သာရဇ္ဇသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

1-4. Commentary on the Timidity Sutta and so on

၁၀၁-၄. တတိယဿ [Pg.39] ပဌမေ နတ္ထိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗံ. ဒုတိယေ ပိဏ္ဍပါတာဒိအတ္ထာယ ဥပသင်္ကမိတုံ ယုတ္တဋ္ဌာနံ ဂေါစရော, ဝေသိယာ ဂေါစရော အဿာတိ ဝေသိယာဂေါစရော, မိတ္တသန္ထဝဝသေန ဥပသင်္ကမိတဗ္ဗဋ္ဌာနန္တိ အတ္ထော. ဝေသိယာ နာမ ရူပူပဇီဝိနိယော, တာ မိတ္တသန္ထဝဝသေန န ဥပသင်္ကမိတဗ္ဗာ သမဏဘာဝဿ အန္တရာယကရတ္တာ, ပရိသုဒ္ဓါသယဿပိ ဂရဟာဟေတုတော, တသ္မာ ဒက္ခိဏာဒါနဝသေန သတိံ ဥပဋ္ဌပေတွာ ဥပသင်္ကမိတဗ္ဗံ. ဝိဓဝါ ဝုစ္စန္တိ မတပတိကာ, ပဝုတ္ထပတိကာ ဝါ. ထုလ္လကုမာရိယောတိ မဟလ္လိကာ အနိဝိဒ္ဓါ ကုမာရိယော. ပဏ္ဍကာတိ နပုံသကာ. တေ ဟိ ဥဿန္နကိလေသာ အဝူပသန္တပရိဠာဟာ လောကာမိသနိဿိတကထာဗဟုလာ, တသ္မာ န ဥပသင်္ကမိတဗ္ဗာ. ဘိက္ခုနိယော နာမ ဥဿန္နဗြဟ္မစရိယာ. တထာ ဘိက္ခူပိ. အညမညံ ဝိသဘာဂဝတ္ထုဘာဝတော သန္ထဝဝသေန ဥပသင်္ကမနေ ကတိပါဟေနေဝ ဗြဟ္မစရိယန္တရာယော သိယာ, တသ္မာ န ဥပသင်္ကမိတဗ္ဗာ, ဂိလာနပုစ္ဆနာဒိဝသေန ဥပသင်္ကမနေ သတောကာရိနာ ဘဝိတဗ္ဗံ. တတိယစတုတ္ထာနိ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထာနေဝ.

101-4. In the third, there is nothing to be said about the first. In the second, gocara means a suitable place to approach for almsfood and so on. Vesiyāgocara means 'a prostitute's resort,' that is, a place to be approached by way of friendly association. Prostitutes (vesiyā) are those who live by their beauty; they should not be approached by way of friendly association because it endangers the recluse's life and invites blame even for one of pure intention. Therefore, one should approach them mindfully, as recipients of a gift. 'Widows' (vidhavā) refers to those whose husbands are dead or have gone away. 'Thullakumāriyo' means older, unmarried women. 'Paṇḍakā' are eunuchs. They are full of defilements, with unallayed passions, and engrossed in worldly talk, so they should not be approached. 'Bhikkhunīs' are those for whom the holy life is paramount; likewise, bhikkhus too. Because they are of a different nature, if they associate through familiarity, in just a few days an obstacle to the holy life could arise; therefore, they should not be approached. When one approaches for such reasons as inquiring after the sick, one must be mindful. The third and fourth are clear in meaning.

သာရဇ္ဇသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Timidity Sutta and so on is concluded.

၅. ဖာသုဝိဟာရသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

5. Commentary on the Comfortable Abiding Sutta

၁၀၅. ပဉ္စမေ မေတ္တာ ဧတဿ အတ္ထီတိ မေတ္တံ, တံသမုဋ္ဌာနံ ကာယကမ္မံ မေတ္တံ ကာယကမ္မံ. ဧသ နယော သေသဒွယေပိ. အာဝီတိ ပကာသနံ. ပကာသဘာဝေါ စေတ္ထ ယံ ဥဒ္ဒိဿ တံ ကာယကမ္မံ ကရီယတိ, တဿ သမ္မုခဘာဝတောတိ အာဟ ‘‘သမ္မုခါ’’တိ. ရဟောတိ အပ္ပကာသံ. အပ္ပကာသတာ စ ယံ ဥဒ္ဒိဿ တံ ကာယကမ္မံ ကရီယတိ, တဿ အပစ္စက္ခဘာဝတောတိ အာဟ ‘‘ပရမ္မုခါ’’တိ. ဣမာနိ မေတ္တကာယကမ္မာဒီနိ ဘိက္ခူနံ ဝသေန အာဂတာနိ တေသံ သေဋ္ဌပရိသဘာဝတော, ဂိဟီသုပိ လဗ္ဘန္တိယေဝ. ဘိက္ခူနဉှိ မေတ္တစိတ္တေန အာဘိသမာစာရိကပူရဏံ မေတ္တံ ကာယကမ္မံ နာမ[Pg.40]. ဂိဟီနံ စေတိယဝန္ဒနတ္ထာယ ဗောဓိဝန္ဒနတ္ထာယ သံဃနိမန္တနတ္ထာယ ဂမနံ ဂါမံ ပိဏ္ဍာယ ပဝိဋ္ဌေ ဘိက္ခူ ဒိသွာ ပစ္စုဂ္ဂမနံ ပတ္တပ္ပဋိဂ္ဂဟဏံ အာသနပညာပနံ အနုဂမနန္တိ ဧဝမာဒိကံ မေတ္တံ ကာယကမ္မံ နာမ. ဘိက္ခူနံ မေတ္တစိတ္တေန အာစာရပညတ္တိသိက္ခာပနံ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနကထနံ ဓမ္မဒေသနာ တေပိဋကမ္ပိ ဗုဒ္ဓဝစနံ မေတ္တံ ဝစီကမ္မံ နာမ. ဂိဟီနံ ‘‘စေတိယဝန္ဒနာယ ဂစ္ဆာမ, ဗောဓိဝန္ဒနာယ ဂစ္ဆာမ, ဓမ္မဿဝနံ ကရိဿာမ, ဒီပမာလံ ပုပ္ဖပူဇံ ကရိဿာမ, တီဏိ သုစရိတာနိ သမာဒါယ ဝတ္တိဿာမ, သလာကဘတ္တာဒီနိ ဒဿာမ, ဝဿာဝါသိကံ ဒဿာမ, အဇ္ဇ သံဃဿ စတ္တာရော ပစ္စယေ ဒဿာမ, သံဃံ နိမန္တေတွာ ခါဒနီယာဒီနိ သံဝိဒဟထ, အာသနာနိ ပညပေထ, ပါနီယံ ဥပဋ္ဌပေထ, သံဃံ ပစ္စုဂ္ဂန္တွာ အာနေထ, ပညတ္တာသနေ နိသီဒါပေထ, ဆန္ဒဇာတာ ဥဿာဟဇာတာ ဝေယျာဝစ္စံ ကရောထာ’’တိအာဒိကထနကာလေ မေတ္တံ ဝစီကမ္မံ နာမ. ဘိက္ခူနံ ပါတောဝ ဥဋ္ဌာယ သရီရပ္ပဋိဇဂ္ဂနံ ကတွာ စေတိယင်္ဂဏံ ဂန္တွာ ဝတ္တာဒီနိ ကတွာ ဝိဝိတ္တသေနာသနေ နိသီဒိတွာ ‘‘ဣမသ္မိံ ဝိဟာရေ ဘိက္ခူ သုခီ ဟောန္တု အဝေရာ အဗျာပဇ္ဇာ’’တိ စိန္တနံ မေတ္တံ မနောကမ္မံ နာမ, ဂိဟီနံ ‘‘အယျာ သုခီ ဟောန္တု အဝေရာ အဗျာပဇ္ဇာ’’တိ စိန္တနံ မေတ္တံ မနောကမ္မံ နာမ.

105. In the fifth, mettaṃ means 'one who has loving-kindness' (mettā etassa atthīti); the bodily action originating from that is 'bodily action of loving-kindness.' This same method applies to the other two. Āvī means 'openly.' Here the state of being open is because the bodily action is performed in the presence of the one for whom it is intended; thus it is said, 'in person' (sammukhā). Raho means 'in secret.' The state of being secret is because the bodily action is performed when the one for whom it is intended is not present; thus it is said, 'in absence' (parammukhā). These bodily actions of loving-kindness and so on are given with reference to bhikkhus because they are the foremost assembly, but they are certainly found among householders too. For bhikkhus, the fulfillment of the code of conduct with a mind of loving-kindness is called bodily action of loving-kindness. For householders, going to pay homage at a cetiya, to pay homage at a Bodhi tree, or to invite the Sangha; seeing bhikkhus who have entered the village for alms and going out to meet them, taking their bowls, preparing seats, and accompanying them—such things are called bodily action of loving-kindness. For bhikkhus, instructing in the rules of conduct with a mind of loving-kindness, giving a talk on a meditation subject, teaching the Dhamma, and even the Tipiṭaka, the word of the Buddha, are called verbal action of loving-kindness. For householders, when they say such things as: 'Let us go to pay homage at the cetiya, let us go to pay homage at the Bodhi tree, let us listen to the Dhamma, let us make offerings of lamps and flowers, let us undertake and observe the three kinds of good conduct, let us give ticket-food and so on, let us give the rains-residence requisite, today let us give the four requisites to the Sangha, invite the Sangha and prepare food and so on, prepare the seats, set out drinking water, go to meet the Sangha and bring them here, have them sit on the prepared seats, serve them with gladness and enthusiasm'—this is called verbal action of loving-kindness. For bhikkhus, to rise early in the morning, attend to the body, go to the cetiya-terrace, perform one's duties, sit in a secluded lodging, and think, 'May the bhikkhus in this monastery be happy, free from enmity, free from affliction'—this is called mental action of loving-kindness. For householders, to think, 'May the venerable sirs be happy, free from enmity, free from affliction'—this is called mental action of loving-kindness.

တတ္ထ နဝကာနံ စီဝရကမ္မာဒီသု သဟာယဘာဝဂမနံ သမ္မုခါ ကာယကမ္မံ နာမ, ထေရာနံ ပန ပါဒဓောဝနသိဉ္စနဗီဇနဒါနာဒိဘေဒမ္ပိ သဗ္ဗံ သာမီစိကမ္မံ သမ္မုခါ ကာယကမ္မံ နာမ, ဥဘယေဟိပိ ဒုန္နိက္ခိတ္တာနံ ဒါရုဘဏ္ဍာဒီနံ တေသု အဝညံ အကတွာ အတ္တနာ ဒုန္နိက္ခိတ္တာနံ ဝိယ ပဋိသာမနံ ပရမ္မုခါ မေတ္တံ ကာယကမ္မံ နာမ. ‘‘ဒေဝတ္ထေရော တိဿတ္ထေရော’’တိ ဝုတ္တံ ဧဝံ ပဂ္ဂယှဝစနံ သမ္မုခါ မေတ္တံ ဝစီကမ္မံ နာမ, ဝိဟာရေ အသန္တံ ပန ပဋိပုစ္ဆန္တဿ ‘‘ကုဟိံ အမှာကံ ဒေဝတ္ထေရော, ကုဟိံ အမှာကံ တိဿတ္ထေရော, ကဒါ နု ခေါ အာဂမိဿတီ’’တိ ဧဝံ ပိယဝစနံ ပရမ္မုခါ မေတ္တံ ဝစီကမ္မံ နာမ. မေတ္တာသိနေဟသိနိဒ္ဓါနိ ပန နယနာနိ ဥမ္မီလေတွာ ပသန္နေန မုခေန ဩလောကနံ သမ္မုခါ မေတ္တံ မနောကမ္မံ နာမ, ‘‘ဒေဝတ္ထေရော တိဿတ္ထေရော အရောဂေါ ဟောတု အဗျာပဇ္ဇော’’တိ သမန္နာဟရဏံ ပရမ္မုခါ မေတ္တံ မနောကမ္မံ နာမ. ကာမဉ္စေတ္ထ မေတ္တာသိနေဟသိနိဒ္ဓါနံ နယနာနံ ဥမ္မီလနံ, ပသန္နေန မုခေန ဩလောကနဉ္စ မေတ္တံ ကာယကမ္မမေဝ. ယဿ ပန စိတ္တဿ ဝသေန နယနာနံ မေတ္တာသိနေဟသိနိဒ္ဓတာ, မုခဿ စ ပသန္နတာ, တံ သန္ဓာယ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘မေတ္တံ မနောကမ္မံ နာမာ’’တိ. သမာဓိသံဝတ္တနပ္ပယောဇနာနိ သမာဓိသံဝတ္တနိကာနိ.

Therein, assisting junior monks in robe-making and other tasks is called bodily action in person. For the elder monks, all respectful services such as washing their feet, sprinkling water, offering a fan, and the like are called bodily action in person. For both, putting away wooden articles and so on that have been badly placed, without showing contempt for them, arranging them as if they were one’s own misplaced items, is called bodily action of loving-kindness in absence. Saying words of praise such as 'Venerable Deva, Venerable Tissa' is called verbal action of loving-kindness in person. When an elder is absent from the monastery, inquiring with kind words such as, 'Where is our Venerable Deva? Where is our Venerable Tissa? When will he return?' is called verbal action of loving-kindness in absence. Opening one's eyes, which are tender with loving-kindness and affection, and looking with a serene face is called mental action of loving-kindness in person. Reflecting, 'May Venerable Deva and Venerable Tissa be healthy and free from affliction,' is called mental action of loving-kindness in absence. Now, the opening of eyes tender with loving-kindness and affection and looking with a serene face are in fact bodily action of loving-kindness. However, it is with reference to the mind by means of which the eyes become tender with loving-kindness and the face becomes serene that this is called 'mental action of loving-kindness.' Those things that serve the purpose of leading to concentration are 'conducive to concentration.'

သမာနသီလတံ [Pg.41] ဂတောတိ တေသု တေသု ဒိသာဘာဂေသု ဝိဟရန္တေဟိ ဘိက္ခူဟိ သဒ္ဓိံ သမာနသီလတံ ဂတော. ယာယန္တိ ယာ အယံ မယှဉ္စေဝ တုမှာကဉ္စ ပစ္စက္ခဘူတာ. ဒိဋ္ဌီတိ သမ္မာဒိဋ္ဌိ. အရိယာတိ နိဒ္ဒေါသာ. နိယျာတီတိ ဝဋ္ဋဒုက္ခတော နိဿရတိ နိဂ္ဂစ္ဆတိ. သယံ နိယျန္တီယေဝ ဟိ တံသမင်္ဂိပုဂ္ဂလံ ဝဋ္ဋဒုက္ခတော နိယျာပေတီတိ ဝုစ္စတိ. ယာ သတ္ထု အနုသိဋ္ဌိ, တံ ကရောတီတိ တက္ကရော, တဿ, ယထာနုသိဋ္ဌံ ပဋိပဇ္ဇကဿာတိ အတ္ထော. ဒုက္ခက္ခယာယာတိ သဗ္ဗဒုက္ခက္ခယတ္ထံ. ဒိဋ္ဌိသာမညဂတောတိ သမာနဒိဋ္ဌိဘာဝံ ဥပဂတော.

'He has attained to similarity in virtue' means he has attained to similarity in virtue with the bhikkhus dwelling in the various regions. Yāyanti refers to that which is directly evident to both me and you. 'Diṭṭhi' means right view. 'Ariyā' means faultless. 'Niyyāti' means it leads out, it departs from the suffering of the round of existence. For while leading out itself, it leads the person endowed with it out of the suffering of the round—thus it is said. 'One who does that' (takkaro) means one who does what the Teacher instructs; that is, one who practices in accordance with the instruction. 'For the destruction of suffering' (dukkhakkhayāya) means for the purpose of the destruction of all suffering. 'Has attained to commonality of view' (diṭṭhisāmaññagato) means he has attained a state of shared view.

ဖာသုဝိဟာရသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Sutta on Comfortable Abiding is concluded.

၆-၁၀. အာနန္ဒသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

6-10. Commentary on the Ānanda Sutta and Others

၁၀၆-၁၁၀. ဆဋ္ဌေ အဓိသီလေတိ နိမိတ္တတ္ထေ ဘုမ္မံ, သီလနိမိတ္တံ န ဥပဝဒတိ န နိန္ဒတီတိ အတ္ထော. အတ္တနိ ကမ္မေ စ အနု အနု ပေက္ခတိ သီလေနာတိ အတ္တာနုပေက္ခီ. သတ္တမာဒီနိ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထာနေဝ.

106-110. In the sixth sutta, the word `adhisīle` is a locative used in the sense of a reason. The meaning is that one does not disparage or censure on account of virtue. `Attānupekkhī` means one who repeatedly observes oneself and one's actions by means of virtue. The seventh and the following suttas are of obvious meaning.

အာနန္ဒသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Ānanda Sutta and others is concluded.

ဖာသုဝိဟာရဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Chapter on Comfortable Abiding is concluded.

(၁၂) ၂. အန္ဓကဝိန္ဒဝဂ္ဂေါ

(12) 2. The Chapter on Andhakavinda

၁-၄. ကုလူပကသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

1-4. Commentary on the Kulūpaka Sutta and Others

၁၁၁-၁၁၄. ဒုတိယဿ ပဌမေ အသန္ထဝေသု ကုလေသု ဝိဿာသော ဧတဿာတိ အသန္ထဝဝိဿာသီ. အနိဿရော ဟုတွာ ဝိကပ္ပေတိ သံဝိဒဟတိ သီလေနာတိ အနိဿရဝိကပ္ပီ. ဝိဿဋ္ဌာနိ ဝိသုံ ခိတ္တာနိ ဘေဒေန အဝတ္ထိတာနိ ကုလာနိ ဃဋနတ္ထာယ ဥပသေဝတိ သီလေနာတိ ဝိဿဋ္ဌုပသေဝီ. ဒုတိယာဒီနိ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထာနေဝ.

111-114. In the first sutta of the second chapter: `asanthavavissāsī` is one who has trust in unfamiliar families. `Anissaravikappī` is one who, being without authority, plans or arranges by means of virtue. `Vissaṭṭhupasevī` is one who, by means of virtue, associates with families that are scattered, cast apart, and established in division, for the purpose of uniting them. The second and the following suttas are of obvious meaning.

ကုလူပကသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Kulūpaka Sutta and others is concluded.

၅-၁၃. မစ္ဆရိနီသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

5-13. Commentary on the Maccharinī Sutta and Others

၁၁၅-၁၂၃. ပဉ္စမေ [Pg.42] အာဝါသမစ္ဆရိယာဒီနိ ပဉ္စ ဣဓ ဘိက္ခုနိယာ ဝသေန အာဂတာနိ, ဘိက္ခုဿ ဝသေနပိ တာနိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာနိ. အာဝါသမစ္ဆရိယေန ဟိ သမန္နာဂတော ဘိက္ခု အာဂန္တုကံ ဒိသွာ ‘‘ဧတ္ထ စေတိယဿ ဝါ သံဃဿ ဝါ ပရိက္ခာရော ဌပိတော’’တိအာဒီနိ ဝတွာ သံဃိကအာဝါသံ န ဒေတိ. ကုလမစ္ဆရိယေန သမန္နာဂတော ဘိက္ခု တေဟိ တေဟိ ကာရဏေဟိ အာဒီနဝံ ဒဿေတွာ အတ္တနော ဥပဋ္ဌာကေ ကုလေ အညေသံ ပဝေသမ္ပိ နိဝါရေတိ. လာဘမစ္ဆရိယေန သမန္နာဂတော သံဃိကမ္ပိ လာဘံ မစ္ဆရာယန္တော ယထာ အညေ န လဘန္တိ, ဧဝံ ကရောတိ အတ္တနာ ဝိသမနိဿိတတာယ ဗလဝနိဿိတတာယ စ. ဝဏ္ဏမစ္ဆရိယေန သမန္နာဂတော အတ္တနော ဝဏ္ဏံ ဝဏ္ဏေတိ, ပရေသံ ဝဏ္ဏေ ‘‘ကိံ ဝဏ္ဏော ဧသော’’တိ တံ တံ ဒေါသံ ဝဒတိ. ဝဏ္ဏောတိ စေတ္ထ သရီရဝဏ္ဏောပိ, ဂုဏဝဏ္ဏောပိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော.

115-123. In the fifth sutta, the five kinds of stinginess beginning with stinginess about dwellings are presented here in connection with a bhikkhunī, but they are to be understood as applying to a bhikkhu as well. For a bhikkhu endowed with stinginess about dwellings, on seeing a newcomer, says such things as, 'A requisite for the cetiya or for the Sangha has been placed here,' and does not give a dwelling belonging to the Sangha. A bhikkhu endowed with stinginess about families, by pointing out dangers for various reasons, prevents others from even entering the families that support him. A bhikkhu endowed with stinginess about gains, being stingy even with gains belonging to the Sangha, acts so that others do not receive them, because of his own unfair and powerful patronage. A bhikkhu endowed with stinginess about good repute praises his own good repute, and concerning the good repute of others, he points out this or that fault, saying, 'What kind of repute is that?' Here, `vaṇṇa` should be understood as both physical appearance and good qualities.

ဓမ္မမစ္ဆရိယေန သမန္နာဂတော – ‘‘ဣမံ ဓမ္မံ ပရိယာပုဏိတွာ ဧသော မံ အဘိဘဝိဿတီ’’တိ အညဿ န ဒေတိ. ယော ပန – ‘‘အယံ ဣမံ ဓမ္မံ ဥဂ္ဂဟေတွာ အညထာ အတ္ထံ ဝိပရိဝတ္တေတွာ နာသေဿတီ’’တိ ဓမ္မနုဂ္ဂဟေန ဝါ – ‘‘အယံ ဣမံ ဓမ္မံ ဥဂ္ဂဟေတွာ ဥဒ္ဓတော ဥန္နဠော အဝူပသန္တစိတ္တော အပုညံ ပသဝိဿတီ’’တိ ပုဂ္ဂလာနုဂ္ဂဟေန ဝါ န ဒေတိ, န တံ မစ္ဆရိယံ. ဓမ္မောတိ စေတ္ထ ပရိယတ္တိဓမ္မော အဓိပ္ပေတော. ပဋိဝေဓဓမ္မော ဟိ အရိယာနံယေဝ ဟောတိ, တေ စ နံ န မစ္ဆရာယန္တိ မစ္ဆရိယဿ သဗ္ဗသော ပဟီနတ္တာတိ တဿ အသမ္ဘဝေါ ဧဝ. တတ္ထ အာဝါသမစ္ဆရိယေန လောဟဂေဟေ ပစ္စတိ, ယက္ခော ဝါ ပေတော ဝါ ဟုတွာ တဿေဝ အာဝါသဿ သင်္ကာရံ သီသေန ဥက္ခိပိတွာ စရတိ. ကုလမစ္ဆရိယေန အပ္ပဘောဂေါ ဟောတိ. လာဘမစ္ဆရိယေန ဂူထနိရယေ နိဗ္ဗတ္တတိ, သံဃဿ ဝါ ဂဏဿ ဝါ လာဘံ မစ္ဆရာယိတွာ ပုဂ္ဂလိကပရိဘောဂေန ဝါ ပရိဘုဉ္ဇိတွာ ယက္ခော ဝါ ပေတော ဝါ မဟာအဇဂရော ဝါ ဟုတွာ နိဗ္ဗတ္တတိ. ဝဏ္ဏမစ္ဆရိယေန ဘဝေသု နိဗ္ဗတ္တဿ ဝဏ္ဏော နာမ န ဟောတိ. ဓမ္မမစ္ဆရိယေန ကုက္ကုဠနိရယေ နိဗ္ဗတ္တတိ. ဆဋ္ဌာဒီနိ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထာနေဝ.

One endowed with stinginess regarding the Dhamma does not give it to another, thinking: 'Having mastered this Dhamma, this person will surpass me.' But if one does not give it out of concern for the Dhamma, thinking: 'Having learned this Dhamma, this person will distort its meaning and ruin it'; or if one does not give it out of concern for the person, thinking: 'Having learned this Dhamma, this person will become arrogant, conceited, with an unpacified mind, and will generate demerit'—that is not stinginess. Here, 'Dhamma' is intended as the Dhamma of learning. The Dhamma of penetration belongs only to the noble ones, and they are not stingy with it since they have completely abandoned stinginess; thus for them it is impossible. In this regard, one who is stingy about dwellings is tormented in a copper house, or becomes a yakkha or a peta and wanders about carrying the rubbish of that very dwelling on one's head. One who is stingy about families has few possessions. One who is stingy about gains is reborn in the dung hell; or, having been stingy with gains meant for the Sangha or a group and having used them for personal enjoyment, one is reborn as a yakkha, a peta, or a great python. One who is stingy about good repute, when reborn in future existences, has no physical beauty. One who is stingy about the Dhamma is reborn in the hell of hot embers. The sixth and the following are of obvious meaning.

မစ္ဆရိနီသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Maccharinī Sutta and so on is concluded.

အန္ဓကဝိန္ဒဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Andhakavinda Vagga is concluded.

(၁၃) ၃. ဂိလာနဝဂ္ဂေါ

(13) 3. The Gilāna Vagga

၁၂၄-၁၃၀. တတိယော [Pg.43] ဝဂ္ဂေါ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထောယေဝ.

124-130. The third vagga is of obvious meaning.

(၁၄) ၄. ရာဇဝဂ္ဂေါ

(14) 4. The Rāja Vagga

၁. ပဌမစက္ကာနုဝတ္တနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

1. Commentary on the First Cakkānuvattana Sutta

၁၃၁. စတုတ္ထဿ ပဌမေ အတ္ထညူတိ ဟိတညူ. ဟိတပရိယာယော ဟေတ္ထ အတ္ထ-သဒ္ဒေါ ‘‘အတ္တတ္ထော ပရတ္ထော’’တိအာဒီသု (မဟာနိ. ၆၉; စူဠနိ. မောဃရာဇမာဏဝပုစ္ဆာနိဒ္ဒေသော ၈၅; ပဋိ. မ. ၃.၅) ဝိယ. ယသ္မာ စေသ ပရေသံ ဟိတံ ဇာနန္တော တေ အတ္တနိ ရဉ္ဇေတိ, တသ္မာ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘ရဉ္ဇိတုံ ဇာနာတီ’’တိ. ဒဏ္ဍေတိ အပရာဓာနုရူပေ ဒဏ္ဍနေ. ဗလမှီတိ ဗလကာယေ. ပဉ္စ အတ္ထေတိ အတ္တတ္ထော, ပရတ္ထော, ဥဘယတ္ထော, ဒိဋ္ဌဓမ္မိကော အတ္ထော, သမ္ပရာယိကော အတ္ထောတိ ဧဝံ ပဉ္စပ္ပဘေဒေ အတ္ထေ. စတ္တာရော ဓမ္မေတိ စတုသစ္စဓမ္မေ, ကာမရူပါရူပလောကုတ္တရဘေဒေ ဝါ စတ္တာရော ဓမ္မေ. ပဋိဂ္ဂဟဏပရိဘောဂမတ္တညုတာယ ဧဝ ပရိယေသနဝိဿဇ္ဇနမတ္တညုတာပိ ဗောဓိတာ ဟောန္တီတိ ‘‘ပဋိဂ္ဂဟဏပရိဘောဂမတ္တံ ဇာနာတိ’’ဣစ္စေဝ ဝုတ္တံ.

131. In the first sutta of the fourth vagga: `atthaññū` (one who knows the goal) means `hitaññū` (one who knows what is beneficial). Here the word `attha` is a synonym for `hita` (benefit), as in such passages as 'one's own benefit, another's benefit,' etc. (Mahāni. 69; Cūḷani. Mogharājamāṇavapucchāniddeso 85; Paṭi. Ma. 3.5). And since this one, knowing what is beneficial for others, makes them devoted to him, it is therefore said: 'he knows how to make them devoted.' `Daṇḍeti` means he imposes punishment appropriate to the offense. `Balamhi` refers to the army. `Pañca atthe` means in the five kinds of benefit: one's own benefit, another's benefit, the benefit of both, the benefit in the present life, and the benefit in the lives to come. `Cattāro dhamme` means the four Noble Truths, or the four dhammas divided into the sensual-sphere, the fine-material-sphere, the immaterial-sphere, and the supramundane. By knowing the measure in receiving and consuming, knowledge of the measure in seeking and giving up is also implied; thus it is just said: 'one knows the measure in receiving and consuming.'

ဥတ္တရတိ အတိက္ကမတိ, အဘိဘဝတီတိ ဝါ ဥတ္တရံ, နတ္ထိ ဧတ္ထ ဥတ္တရန္တိ အနုတ္တရံ. အနတိသယံ, အပ္ပဋိဘာဂံ ဝါ အနေကာသု ဒေဝမနုဿပရိသာသု အနေကသတက္ခတ္တုံ တေသံ အရိယသစ္စပ္ပဋိဝေဓသမ္ပာဒနဝသေန ပဝတ္တာ ဘဂဝတော ဓမ္မဒေသနာ ဓမ္မစက္ကံ. အပိစ သဗ္ဗပဌမံ အညာတကောဏ္ဍညပ္ပမုခါယ အဋ္ဌာရသပရိသဂဏာယ ဗြဟ္မကောဋိယာ စတုသစ္စဿ ပဋိဝေဓဝိဓာယိနီ ယာ ဓမ္မဒေသနာ, တဿာ သာတိသယာ ဓမ္မစက္ကသမညာ. တတ္ထ သတိပဋ္ဌာနာတိဓမ္မော ဧဝ ပဝတ္တနဋ္ဌေန စက္ကန္တိ ဓမ္မစက္ကံ. စက္ကန္တိ ဝါ အာဏာ ဓမ္မတော အနပေတတ္တာ, ဓမ္မဉ္စ တံ စက္ကဉ္စာတိ ဓမ္မစက္ကံ. ဓမ္မေန ဉာယေန စက္ကန္တိပိ ဓမ္မစက္ကံ. ယထာဟ ‘‘ဓမ္မဉ္စ ပဝတ္တေတိ စက္ကဉ္စာတိ ဓမ္မစက္ကံ, စက္ကဉ္စ ပဝတ္တေတိ ဓမ္မဉ္စာတိ ဓမ္မစက္ကံ, ဓမ္မေန ပဝတ္တေတီတိ ဓမ္မစက္က’’န္တိအာဒိ (ပဋိ. မ. ၂.၄၀-၄၁). အပ္ပဋိဝတ္တိယန္တိ ဓမ္မိဿရဿ ဘဂဝတော သမ္မာသမ္ဗုဒ္ဓဿ ဓမ္မစက္ကဿ အနုတ္တရဘာဝတော အပ္ပဋိသေဓနီယံ. ကေဟိ ပန အပ္ပဋိဝတ္တိယန္တိ အာဟ – ‘‘သမဏေန ဝါ’’တိအာဒိ. တတ္ထ သမဏေနာတိ ပဗ္ဗဇ္ဇံ ဥပဂတေန. ဗြာဟ္မဏေနာတိ ဇာတိဗြာဟ္မဏေန. သာသနပရမတ္ထသမဏဗြာဟ္မဏာနဉှိ ပဋိလောမစိတ္တံယေဝ နတ္ထိ. ဒေဝေနာတိ ကာမာဝစရဒေဝေန. ကေနစီတိ ယေန [Pg.44] ကေနစိ အဝသိဋ္ဌပါရိသဇ္ဇေန. ဧတ္တာဝတာ အဋ္ဌန္နမ္ပိ ပရိသာနံ အနဝသေသပရိယာဒါနံ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗံ. လောကသ္မိန္တိ သတ္တလောကေ.

It surpasses (`uttarati`), goes beyond (`atikkamati`), or overcomes (`abhibhavati`); thus it is `uttaraṃ` (supreme). There is nothing higher than it; thus it is `anuttaraṃ` (unsurpassed). The Wheel of Dhamma (`dhammacakka`) is the Blessed One's teaching of the Dhamma, which is without superior and without rival, set in motion in numerous assemblies of devas and humans hundreds of times for the purpose of effecting their penetration of the noble truths. Moreover, the teaching of the Dhamma that first of all brought about the penetration of the four truths for the eighteen crores of brahmās headed by Aññāta Koṇḍañña has the pre-eminent designation 'Wheel of Dhamma.' Therein, the Dhamma of the foundations of mindfulness and so on is the `dhammacakka` in the sense of setting in motion. Or, `cakka` means command. Because it does not deviate from the Dhamma, and it is both Dhamma and a wheel, it is the `dhammacakka`. It is also the `dhammacakka` because it is a wheel set in motion by means of the Dhamma, by the right method. As it is said: 'He sets in motion the Dhamma and the wheel, thus it is the `dhammacakka`; he sets in motion the wheel and the Dhamma, thus it is the `dhammacakka`; he sets it in motion by means of the Dhamma, thus it is the `dhammacakka`' and so on (Paṭis. Ma. 2.40-41). `Appaṭivattiyaṃ` (that cannot be rolled back) means it cannot be stopped because of the unsurpassed nature of the Wheel of Dhamma of the Blessed One, the Perfectly Self-Enlightened One, the Lord of the Dhamma. But by whom can it not be rolled back? He says: 'by a recluse,' and so on. Here, `samaṇena` means by one who has gone forth. `Brāhmaṇena` means by a brahmin by birth. For recluses and brahmins in the ultimate sense of the teaching, there is no opposing thought at all. `Devena` means by a deva of the sensual sphere. `Kenaci` means by any remaining member of an assembly. By this, the exhaustive inclusion of all eight assemblies should be understood. `Lokasmiṃ` means in the world of beings.

ပဌမစက္ကာနုဝတ္တနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the First Cakkānuvattana Sutta is concluded.

၂. ဒုတိယစက္ကာနုဝတ္တနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

2. Commentary on the Second Cakkānuvattana Sutta

၁၃၂. ဒုတိယေ စက္ကဝတ္တိဝတ္တန္တိ ဒသဝိဓံ, ဒွါဒသဝိဓံ ဝါ စက္ကဝတ္တိဘာဝါဝဟံ ဝတ္တံ. တတ္ထ အန္တောဇနသ္မိံ ဗလကာယေ ဓမ္မိကာယေဝ ရက္ခာဝရဏဂုတ္တိယာ သံဝိဓာနံ, ခတ္တိယေသု, အနုယန္တေသု, ဗြာဟ္မဏဂဟပတိကေသု, နေဂမဇာနပဒေသု, သမဏဗြာဟ္မဏေသု, မိဂပက္ခီသု, အဓမ္မိကပဋိက္ခေပေါ, အဓနာနံ ဓနာနုပ္ပဒါနံ, သမဏဗြာဟ္မဏေ ဥပသင်္ကမိတွာ ပဉှပုစ္ဆနန္တိ ဣဒံ ဒသဝိဓံ စက္ကဝတ္တိဝတ္တံ. ဣဒမေဝ စ ဂဟပတိကေ ပက္ခိဇာတေ စ ဝိသုံ ကတွာ ဂဟဏဝသေန ဒွါဒသဝိဓံ. ပိတရာ ပဝတ္တိတမေဝ အနုပ္ပဝတ္တေတီတိ ဒသဝိဓံ ဝါ ဒွါဒသဝိဓံ ဝါ စက္ကဝတ္တိဝတ္တံ ပူရေတွာ နိသိန္နဿ ပုတ္တဿ အညံ ပါတုဘဝတိ, သော တံ ပဝတ္တေတိ. ရတနမယတ္တာ ပန သဒိသဋ္ဌေန တဒေဝေတန္တိ ကတွာ ‘‘ပိတရာ ပဝတ္တိတ’’န္တိ ဝုတ္တံ. ယသ္မာ ဝါ သော ‘‘အပ္ပောဿုက္ကော, တွံ ဒေဝ, ဟောဟိ, အဟမနုသာသိဿာမီ’’တိ အာဟ. တသ္မာ ပိတရာ ပဝတ္တိတံ အာဏာစက္ကံ အနုပ္ပဝတ္တေတိ နာမာတိ ဧဝမေတ္ထ အတ္ထော ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗော. ယဉှိ အတ္တနော ပုညာနုဘာဝသိဒ္ဓံ စက္ကရတနံ, တံ နိပ္ပရိယာယတော တေန ပဝတ္တိတံ နာမ, နေတရန္တိ ပဌမနယော ဝုတ္တော. ယသ္မာ ပဝတ္တိတဿေဝ အနုဝတ္တနံ, ပဌမနယော စ တံသဒိသေ တဗ္ဗောဟာရဝသေန ဝုတ္တောတိ တံ အနာဒိယိတွာ ဒုတိယနယော ဝုတ္တော.

132. In the second sutta, the duty of a wheel-turning monarch is tenfold or twelvefold, the duty that brings about the state of a wheel-turning monarch. Among these, the tenfold duty of a wheel-turning monarch is this: providing righteous protection, shelter, and security for one's own people and the army, for the nobles, for vassals, for brahmins and householders, for town and country folk, for ascetics and brahmins, and for beasts and birds; the warding off of unrighteousness; the giving of wealth to the poor; and approaching ascetics and brahmins to ask questions. This very duty becomes twelvefold by taking householders and the bird species separately. For the son who has fulfilled the tenfold or twelvefold duty of a wheel-turning monarch, continuing what was set in motion by his father, another wheel-treasure appears, and he sets it in motion. But because it is made of jewel, it is the very same in the sense of being similar; having considered this, it is said 'set in motion by his father.' Or, because he said: 'Be without anxiety, Your Majesty, I will rule,' therefore he is said to continue the wheel of command set in motion by his father; this is the meaning to be understood here. For the wheel-treasure accomplished through the power of his own merit is, without qualification, set in motion by him, not by another. This is the first method of explanation. Because it is the continuation of what was already set in motion, and the first method was stated by way of conventional usage regarding something similar to that, having disregarded that, the second method is stated.

ဒုတိယစက္ကာနုဝတ္တနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Second Cakkānuvattana Sutta is concluded.

၄. ယဿံဒိသံသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

4. Commentary on the Yassaṃdisaṃ Sutta

၁၃၄. စတုတ္ထေ ‘‘ဥဘတော သုဇာတော’’တိ ဧတ္တကေ ဝုတ္တေ ယေဟိ ကေဟိစိ ဒွီဟိ ဘာဂေဟိ သုဇာတတာ ပညာပေယျ, သုဇာတ-သဒ္ဒေါ စ ‘‘သုဇာတော စာရုဒဿနော’’တိအာဒီသု (မ. နိ. ၂.၃၉၉; သု. နိ. ၅၅၃; ထေရဂါ. ၈၁၈) အာရောဟသမ္ပတ္တိပရိယာယောတိ ဇာတိဝသေန [Pg.45] သုဇာတတံ ဝိဘာဝေတုံ ‘‘မာတိတော စ ပိတိတော စာ’’တိ ဝုတ္တံ. အနောရသပုတ္တဝသေနပိ လောကေ မာတုပိတုသမညာ ဒိဿတိ, ဣဓ ပန သာ ဩရသပုတ္တဝသေန ဣစ္ဆိတာတိ ဒဿေတုံ ‘‘သံသုဒ္ဓဂ္ဂဟဏိကော’’တိ ဝုတ္တံ. ဂဗ္ဘံ ဂဏှာတိ ဓာရေတီတိ ဂဟဏီ, ဂဗ္ဘာသယသညိတော မာတုကုစ္ဆိပ္ပဒေသော. တေနာဟ ‘‘သံသုဒ္ဓါယ မာတုကုစ္ဆိယာ သမန္နာဂတော’’တိ. ယထာဘုတ္တဿ အာဟာရဿ ဝိပါစနဝသေန ဂဏှနတော အဆဍ္ဍနတော ဂဟဏီ, တေဇောဓာတု. ပိတာ စ မာတာ စ ပိတရော. ပိတူနံ ပိတရော ပိတာမဟာ. တေသံ ယုဂေါ ပိတာမဟယုဂေါ, တသ္မာ ယာဝ သတ္တမာ ပိတာမဟယုဂါ, ပိတာမဟဒွန္ဒာတိ ဧဝမေတ္ထ အတ္ထော ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗော. ဧဝဉှိ ပိတာမဟဂ္ဂဟဏေနေဝ မာတာမဟောပိ ဂဟိတောတိ သော အဋ္ဌကထာယံ ဝိသုံ န ဥဒ္ဓတော. ယုဂ-သဒ္ဒေါ စေတ္ထ ဧကသေသနယေန ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗော ‘‘ယုဂေါ စ ယုဂေါ စ ယုဂေါ’’တိ. ဧဝဉှိ တတ္ထ တတ္ထ ဒွိန္နံ ဂဟိတမေဝ ဟောတိ. တေနာဟ ‘‘တတော ဥဒ္ဓံ သဗ္ဗေပိ ပုဗ္ဗပုရိသာ ပိတာမဟဂ္ဂဟဏေနေဝ ဂဟိတာ’’တိ. ပုရိသဂ္ဂဟဏဉ္စေတ္ထ ဥက္ကဋ္ဌနိဒ္ဒေသဝသေန ကတန္တိ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗံ. ဧဝဉှိ ‘‘မာတိတော’’တိ ပါဠိဝစနံ သမတ္ထိတံ ဟောတိ.

134. In the fourth, when only 'well-born on both sides' is said, some might define well-bornness by any two aspects. And the word 'sujāta' (well-born) in phrases like 'well-born and lovely to behold' is a synonym for the attainment of stature. To clarify well-bornness by way of birth, 'from the mother’s side and the father’s side' is stated. Even in the world, the terms 'mother' and 'father' are used with respect to non-biological offspring, but here it is desired to show that it refers specifically to biological offspring; hence 'of pure conception' is stated. 'It receives and holds the embryo, thus it is the receptacle,' meaning the region of the mother’s womb, known as the womb-chamber. Therefore, it is said, 'endowed with a pure mother’s womb.' Because it receives the eaten food by way of digesting it and not rejecting it, the gahaṇī is the fire element. 'Father and mother are parents.' 'The parents of parents are grandparents.' Their pair is the grandparental pair; thus, 'up to the seventh grandparental pair' means pairs of grandparents—this is how the meaning should be understood here. Thus, by the term 'paternal grandfather,' the maternal grandfather is also included, which is why it is not separately mentioned in the commentary. The word 'yuga' (pair) here should be understood by the principle of ellipsis, as in 'a pair and a pair is a pair.' Thus, in each case, two are taken together. Therefore, it is said, 'from there upwards, all ancestors are included by the term for grandparents.' And here, the term 'purisa' (person) should be understood as used by way of an eminent specification. Thus, the Pāli phrase 'from the mother's side' is supported.

အက္ခိတ္တောတိ အပ္ပတ္တက္ခေပေါ. အနဝက္ခိတ္တောတိ သမ္ပတ္တဝိဝါဒါဒီသု န အဝက္ခိတ္တော န ဆဍ္ဍိတော. ဇာတိဝါဒေနာတိ ဟေတုမှိ ကရဏဝစနန္တိ ဒဿေတုံ ‘‘ကေန ကာရဏေနာ’’တိအာဒိ ဝုတ္တံ. ဧတ္ထ စ ‘‘ဥဘတော…ပေ… ပိတာမဟယုဂါ’’တိ ဧတေန ခတ္တိယဿ ယောနိဒေါသာဘာဝေါ ဒဿိတော သံသုဒ္ဓဂ္ဂဟဏိကဘာဝကိတ္တနတော. ‘‘အက္ခိတ္တော’’တိ ဣမိနာ ကိရိယာပရာဓာဘာဝေါ. ကိရိယာပရာဓေန ဟိ သတ္တာ ခေပံ ပါပုဏန္တိ. ‘‘အနုပက္ကုဋ္ဌော’’တိ ဣမိနာ အယုတ္တသံသဂ္ဂါဘာဝေါ. အယုတ္တသံသဂ္ဂဉှိ ပဋိစ္စ သတ္တာ အက္ကောသံ လဘန္တိ.

'Uncensured' means one who has not been censured. 'Not despised' means not despised or rejected in any disputes that have arisen. 'On account of birth' is an instrumental of cause; to show this, 'for what reason?' and so on is said. Here, by the passage 'on both sides... up to the seventh grandparental pair,' the absence of any flaw in the khattiya's origin is shown through the proclamation of his pure conception. By 'uncensured,' the absence of transgression in action is indicated, for it is because of transgression in action that beings incur censure. By 'irreproachable,' the absence of unsuitable association is indicated, for it is on account of unsuitable association that beings receive abuse.

အဍ္ဎတာ နာမ ဝိဘဝသမ္ပန္နတာ, သာ တံ တံ ဥပါဒါယုပါဒါယ ဝုစ္စတီတိ အာဟ ‘‘ယော ကောစိ အတ္တနော သန္တကေန ဝိဘဝေန အဍ္ဎော ဟောတီ’’တိ. တထာ မဟဒ္ဓနတာပီတိ တံ ဥက္ကံသဂတံ ဒဿေတုံ ‘‘မဟတာ အပရိမာဏသင်္ခေန ဓနေန သမန္နာဂတော’’တိ ဝုတ္တံ. ဘုဉ္ဇိတဗ္ဗတော ပရိဘုဉ္ဇိတဗ္ဗတော ဝိသေသတော ကာမာ ဘောဂါ နာမာတိ အာဟ ‘‘ပဉ္စကာမဂုဏဝသေနာ’’တိ. ကောဋ္ဌံ ဝုစ္စတိ ဓညဿ အာဝသနဋ္ဌာနံ, ကောဋ္ဌဘူတံ အဂါရံ ကောဋ္ဌာဂါရံ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဓညေန စ ပရိပုဏ္ဏကောဋ္ဌာဂါရော’’တိ. ဧဝံ သာရဂဗ္ဘံ ကောသော, ဓညပရိဋ္ဌပနဋ္ဌာနဉ္စ ကောဋ္ဌာဂါရန္တိ ဒဿေတွာ ဣဒါနိ တတော အညထာ တံ ဒဿေတုံ ‘‘အထ ဝါ’’တိအာဒိ ဝုတ္တံ. တတ္ထ ယထာ အသိနော တိက္ခဘာဝပရိဟာရကော [Pg.46] ပဋိစ္ဆဒေါ ‘‘ကောသော’’တိ ဝုစ္စတိ. ဧဝံ ရညော တိက္ခဘာဝပရိဟာရံ ကတွာ စတုရင်္ဂိနီ သေနာ ကောသောတိ အာဟ ‘‘စတုဗ္ဗိဓော ကောသော ဟတ္ထီ အဿာ ရထာ ပတ္တီ’’တိ. ဝတ္ထကောဋ္ဌာဂါရဂ္ဂဟဏေနေဝ သဗ္ဗဿပိ ဘဏ္ဍဋ္ဌပနဋ္ဌာနဿ ဂဟိတတ္တာ ‘‘တိဝိဓံ ကောဋ္ဌာဂါရ’’န္တိ ဝုတ္တံ.

Wealthiness is accomplishment in possessions. It is spoken of with reference to this or that; thus it is said: 'Whoever is wealthy by means of their own possessions.' Similarly with great wealth. To show this in its supreme degree, it is said: 'endowed with great, immeasurable wealth.' Because they are to be enjoyed and partaken of, sensual pleasures are specifically called enjoyments; thus it is said: 'by way of the five strands of sensual pleasure.' A koṭṭha is a dwelling place for grain; a house that is a koṭṭha is a koṭṭhāgāra, a granary. Hence it is said: 'with granaries full of grain.' Having thus shown that a treasury (koso) is a storeroom for valuables and a granary is a place for storing grain, now to show it differently, 'or else...' is said. Therein, just as the cover that protects from the sharpness of a sword is called a sheath (koso), so the four-divisioned army, protecting the king from harm, is called a treasury (koso); thus it is said: 'the fourfold treasury: elephants, horses, chariots, and infantry.' Because by the mention of the storeroom for goods, all places for storing goods are included, 'three kinds of storehouses' is said.

ယဿာ ပညာယ ဝသေန ပုရိသော ‘‘ပဏ္ဍိတော’’တိ ဝုစ္စတိ, တံ ပဏ္ဍိစ္စန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘ပဏ္ဍိစ္စေန သမန္နာဂတော’’တိ. တံတံဣတိကတ္တဗ္ဗတာသု ဆေကဘာဝေါ ဗျတ္တဘာဝေါ ဝေယျတ္တိယံ. သမ္မောဟံ ဟိံသတိ ဝိဓမတီတိ မေဓာ, သာ ဧတဿ အတ္ထီတိ မေဓာဝီ. ဌာနေ ဌာနေ ဥပ္ပတ္တိ ဧတိဿာ အတ္ထီတိ ဌာနုပ္ပတ္တိ, ဌာနသော ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇနပညာ. ဝဍ္ဎိအတ္ထေတိ ဝဍ္ဎိသင်္ခါတေ အတ္ထေ.

The wisdom by means of which a person is called 'wise' is wisdom (paṇḍicca); thus it is said 'endowed with wisdom.' Competence (veyyattiyaṃ) is skillfulness and expertise in the various things that should be done. Because it injures and dispels delusion, it is called intelligence (medhā); one who possesses it is intelligent (medhāvī). Because its arising occurs in the right situation, it is called timely ingenuity (ṭhānuppatti), that is, wisdom that arises according to the situation. 'In the sense of growth' means in the sense reckoned as growth.

ယဿံဒိသံသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Yassaṃdisaṃ Sutta is finished.

၅-၉. ပတ္ထနာသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

5-9. The Commentary on the Patthanasutta and Others

၁၃၅-၉. ပဉ္စမေ ဟတ္ထိသ္မိန္တိ ဟတ္ထိသိပ္ပေ. ဟတ္ထီတိ ဟိ ဟတ္ထိဝိသယတ္တာ ဟတ္ထိသန္နိဿိတတ္တာ စ ဟတ္ထိသိပ္ပံ ဂဟိတံ. သေသပဒေသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော. ဝယတီတိ ဝယော, သောဘနေသု ကတ္ထစိ အပက္ခလန္တော အဝိတ္ထာယန္တော တာနိ သန္ဓာရေတုံ သက္ကောတီတိ အတ္ထော. န ဝယော အဝယော, တာနိ အတ္ထတော သဒ္ဒတော စ သန္ဓာရေတုံ န သက္ကောတိ. အဝယော န ဟောတီတိ အနဝယော. ဒွေ ပဋိသေဓာ ပကတိံ ဂမေန္တီတိ အာဟ ‘‘အနဝယောတိ သမတ္ထော’’တိ. ဆဋ္ဌာဒီနိ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထာနေဝ.

135-9. In the fifth, hatthismiṃ means in the elephant-craft. For hatthī is taken as elephant-craft because it is the domain of elephants and is dependent on elephants. This same method applies to the remaining terms. Vayati means vayo; the meaning is that one is able to retain them in excellent matters without stumbling or becoming confused. Na vayo is avayo; one is unable to retain them in terms of meaning and sound. Not being avayo is anavayo. Two negations lead to the original state, thus it is said: “Anavayo means capable.” The sixth and following have a plain meaning.

ပတ္ထနာသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Patthanasutta and Others is finished.

၁၀. သောတသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

10. The Commentary on the Sotasutta

၁၄၀. ဒသမေ တိဗ္ဗာနန္တိ တိက္ခာနံ. ခရာနန္တိ ကက္ကသာနံ. ကဋုကာနန္တိ ဒါရုဏာနံ. အသာတာနန္တိ နသာတာနံ အပ္ပိယာနံ. န တာသု မနော အပ္ပေတိ, န တာ မနံ အပ္ပာယန္တိ ဝဍ္ဎေန္တီတိ အမနာပါ.

140. In the tenth, tibbānaṃ means sharp. Kharānaṃ means coarse. Kaṭukānaṃ means fierce. Asātānaṃ means not pleasant, disagreeable. One does not apply the mind to them, nor do they gratify or augment the mind; thus they are disagreeable.

သောတသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Sotasutta is finished.

ရာဇဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Chapter on Kings is finished.

(၁၅) ၅. တိကဏ္ဍကီဝဂ္ဂေါ

(15) 5. The Tikaṇḍakī Chapter

၁. အဝဇာနာတိသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

1. The Commentary on the Avajānātisutta

၁၄၁. ပဉ္စမဿ [Pg.47] ပဌမေ ဒတွာ အဝဇာနာတီတိ ဧတ္ထ ဧကော ဘိက္ခု မဟာပုညော စတုပစ္စယလာဘီ ဟောတိ, သော စီဝရာဒီနိ လဘိတွာ အညံ အပ္ပပုညံ အာပုစ္ဆတိ. သောပိ တသ္မိံ ပုနပ္ပုနံ အာပုစ္ဆန္တေပိ ဂဏှာတိယေဝ. အထဿ ဣတရော ထောကံ ကုပိတော ဟုတွာ မင်္ကုဘာဝံ ဥပ္ပာဒေတုကာမော ဝဒတိ ‘‘အယံ အတ္တနော ဓမ္မတာယ စီဝရာဒီနိ န လဘတိ, အမှေ နိဿာယ လဘတီ’’တိ. ဧဝမ္ပိ ဒတွာ အဝဇာနာတိ နာမ. ဧကော ပန ဧကေန သဒ္ဓိံ ဒွေ တီဏိ ဝဿာနိ ဝသန္တော ပုဗ္ဗေ တံ ပုဂ္ဂလံ ဂရုံ ကတွာ ဂစ္ဆန္တေ ဂစ္ဆန္တေ ကာလေ စိတ္တီကာရံ န ကရောတိ, အာသနနိသိန္နဋ္ဌာနမ္ပိ န ဂစ္ဆတိ. အယမ္ပိ ပုဂ္ဂလော သံဝါသေန အဝဇာနာတိ နာမ. အာဓေယျမုခေါတိ အာဒိတော ဓေယျမုခေါ, ပဌမဝစနသ္မိံယေဝ ဌပိတမုခေါတိ အတ္ထော. တတ္ထာယံ နယော – ဧကော ပုဂ္ဂလော သာရုပ္ပံယေဝ ဘိက္ခုံ ‘‘အသာရုပ္ပော ဧသော’’တိ ကထေတိ. တံ သုတွာ ဧသ နိဋ္ဌံ ဂစ္ဆတိ, ပုန အညေန သဘာဂေန ဘိက္ခုနာ ‘‘သာရုပ္ပော အယ’’န္တိ ဝုတ္တေပိ တဿ ဝစနံ န ဂဏှာတိ. အသုကေန နာမ ‘‘အသာရုပ္ပော အယ’’န္တိ အမှာကံ ကထိတန္တိ ပုရိမဘိက္ခုနောဝ ကထံ ဂဏှာတိ. အပရောပိဿ ဒုဿီလံ ‘‘သီလဝါ’’တိ ကထေတိ. တဿ ဝစနံ သဒ္ဒဟိတွာ ပုန အညေန ‘‘အသာရုပ္ပော ဧသော ဘိက္ခု, နာယံ တုမှာကံ သန္တိကံ ဥပသင်္ကမိတုံ ယုတ္တော’’တိ ဝုတ္တေပိ တဿ ဝစနံ အဂ္ဂဟေတွာ ပုရိမံယေဝ ကထံ ဂဏှာတိ. အပရော ဝဏ္ဏမ္ပိ ကထိတံ ဂဏှာတိ, အဝဏ္ဏမ္ပိ ကထိတံ ဂဏှာတိယေဝ. အယမ္ပိ အာဓေယျမုခေါယေဝ နာမ အာဓာတဗ္ဗမုခေါ, ယံ ယံ သုဏာတိ, တတ္ထ တတ္ထ ဌပိတမုခေါတိ အတ္ထော.

141. In the first of the fifth, regarding “gives and then despises”: Here, a monk of great merit is a recipient of the four requisites. Having received robes and so on, he offers them to another monk of little merit. Even when the former repeatedly offers, the latter just takes them. Then the former, becoming slightly angry and wishing to embarrass him, says: “This one does not obtain robes and so on by his own right; he obtains them on account of us.” In this way, it is called “giving and then despising.” Again, a person lives with another for two or three years. At first he treats that person with respect, but as time goes on, he shows him no esteem and does not even go to the place where he is seated. This person, too, is one who despises through familiarity. Ādheyyamukha means one whose opinion is set from the start; the meaning is one whose opinion is fixed at the very first utterance. Herein, this is the method: a person says of a suitable monk, “He is unsuitable.” Hearing this, another takes it as conclusive. Even when later told by another, a fellow monk, “This one is suitable,” he does not accept his word but accepts the word of the first monk, thinking: “So-and-so told us, ‘He is unsuitable.’” Another says of an immoral person, “He is virtuous.” Trusting his word, when later told by another, “This monk is unsuitable; it is not proper for him to approach you,” he does not accept his word but accepts the former’s statement. Another accepts what is said in praise and also accepts what is said in blame. This one too is called ādheyyamukha, one whose opinion is receptive, meaning his opinion is set on whatever he hears.

လောလောတိ သဒ္ဓါဒီနံ ဣတ္တရကာလပ္ပတိတတ္တာ အဿဒ္ဓိယာဒီဟိ လုလိတဘာဝေန လောလော. ဣတ္တရဘတ္တီတိအာဒီသု ပုနပ္ပုနံ ဘဇနေန သဒ္ဓါဝ ဘတ္တိပေမံ. သဒ္ဓါပေမမ္ပိ ဂေဟဿိတပေမမ္ပိ ဝဋ္ဋတိ, ပသာဒေါ သဒ္ဓါပသာဒေါ. ဧဝံ ပုဂ္ဂလော လောလော ဟောတီတိ ဧဝံ ဣတ္တရသဒ္ဓါဒိတာယ ပုဂ္ဂလော လောလော နာမ ဟောတိ. ဟလိဒ္ဒိရာဂေါ ဝိယ, ထုသရာသိမှိ ကောဋ္ဋိတခါနုကော ဝိယ, အဿပိဋ္ဌိယံ ဌပိတကုမ္ဘဏ္ဍံ ဝိယ စ အနိဗဒ္ဓဋ္ဌာနေ မုဟုတ္တေန ကုပ္ပတိ. မန္ဒော မောမူဟောတိ အညာဏဘာဝေန မန္ဒော, အဝိသယတာယ မောမူဟော, မဟာမူဠှောတိ အတ္ထော.

`Lolo` means fickle. A person is fickle (lolo) because faith and so on are of short duration and because of being stirred up by faithlessness and so on. In such cases as “fleeting devotion,” through repeated engagement, faith itself is devotion and love. Both love based on faith and love associated with the household life are valid. Confidence is confidence rooted in faith. “Thus a person is fickle” means that a person is called fickle because of having fleeting faith and so on. Like the dye of turmeric, like a post struck in a heap of chaff, and like a gourd placed on a horse’s back, he is agitated in a moment in an unfixed position. `Mando momūho` means one is dull (mando) because of ignorance and bewildered (momūho) because of having no proper object; the meaning is greatly deluded.

အဝဇာနာတိသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Avajānātisutta is finished.

၂-၃. အာရဘတိသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

2-3. The Commentary on the Ārabhatisutta and Others

၁၄၂-၃. ဒုတိယေ [Pg.48] အာရဘတီတိ ဧတ္ထ အာရမ္ဘ-သဒ္ဒေါ ကမ္မကိရိယဟိံသနဝီရိယကောပနာပတ္တိဝီတိက္ကမေသု ဝတ္တတိ. တထာ ဟေသ ‘‘ယံ ကိဉ္စိ ဒုက္ခံ သမ္ဘောတိ, သဗ္ဗံ အာရမ္ဘပစ္စယာ’’တိ (သု. နိ. ၇၄၉) ကမ္မေ အာဂတော. ‘‘မဟာရမ္ဘာ မဟာယညာ, န တေ ဟောန္တိ မဟပ္ဖလာ’’တိ (သံ. နိ. ၁.၁၂၀; အ. နိ. ၄.၃၉) ကိရိယာယ. ‘‘သမဏံ ဂေါတမံ ဥဒ္ဒိဿ ပါဏံ အာရဘန္တီ’’တိ (မ. နိ. ၂.၅၁) ဟိံသနေ. ‘‘အာရမ္ဘထ နိက္ခမထ, ယုဉ္ဇထ ဗုဒ္ဓသာသနေ’’တိ (သံ. နိ. ၁.၁၈၅; နေတ္တိ. ၂၉; ပေဋကော. ၃၈; မိ. ပ. ၅.၁.၄) ဝီရိယေ. ‘‘ဗီဇဂါမဘူတဂါမသမာရမ္ဘာ ပဋိဝိရတော ဟောတီ’’တိ (ဒီ. နိ. ၁.၁၀, ၁၉၅; မ. နိ. ၁.၂၉၃) ကောပနေ. ‘‘အာရဘတိ စ ဝိပ္ပဋိသာရီ စ ဟောတီ’’တိ (အ. နိ. ၅.၁၄၂; ပု. ပ. ၁၉၁) အယံ ပန အာပတ္တိဝီတိက္ကမေ အာဂတော, တသ္မာ အာပတ္တိဝီတိက္ကမဝသေန အာရဘတိ စေဝ, တပ္ပစ္စယာ စ ဝိပ္ပဋိသာရီ ဟောတီတိ အယမေတ္ထ အတ္ထော. ယထာဘူတံ နပ္ပဇာနာတီတိ အနဓိဂတတ္တာ ယထာသဘာဝတော န ဇာနာတိ. ယတ္ထဿာတိ ယသ္မိံ အဿ, ယံ ဌာနံ ပတွာ ဧတဿ ပုဂ္ဂလဿ ဥပ္ပန္နာ ပါပကာ အကုသလာ ဓမ္မာ အပရိသေသာ နိရုဇ္ဈန္တီတိ အတ္ထော. ကိံ ပန ပတွာ တေ နိရုဇ္ဈန္တီတိ? အရဟတ္တမဂ္ဂံ, ဖလပ္ပတ္တဿ ပန နိရုဒ္ဓါ နာမ ဟောန္တိ. ဧဝံ သန္တေပိ ဣဓ မဂ္ဂကိစ္စဝသေန ပန ဖလမေဝ ဝုတ္တန္တိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ.

142-3. In the second, regarding `ārabhati`, the word `ārambha` occurs in the senses of action, performance, harming, effort, damaging, and transgression of a rule. For instance, it occurs in the sense of action in: “Whatever suffering arises, all arises on account of an undertaking” (Snp 749). In the sense of performance: “Great undertakings, great sacrifices—these are not of great fruit” (SN 1.120; AN 4.39). In the sense of harming: “They kill a living being for the ascetic Gotama” (MN 55). In the sense of effort: “Undertake, go forth, apply yourselves to the Buddha’s teaching” (SN 1.185). In the sense of damaging: “He is one who abstains from damaging seed-life and plant-life” (DN 1.10). But this one, “He undertakes and feels remorse” (AN 5.142), occurs in the sense of transgression of a rule. Therefore the meaning here is that he transgresses a rule, and on account of that he feels remorse. “He does not understand as it really is” means that because he has not realized it, he does not know it according to its true nature. “Where for him” means: having reached what state do the evil, unwholesome states that have arisen in this person cease without remainder? This is the meaning. Having reached what do they cease? The path of arahantship. For one who has attained the fruit, they are said to have ceased. This being so, it should be understood that here the fruit is spoken of in terms of the function of the path.

အာရဘတီ န ဝိပ္ပဋိသာရီ ဟောတီတိ အာပတ္တိံ အာပဇ္ဇတိ, တံ ပနေသ ဒေသေတုံ သဘာဂပုဂ္ဂလံ ပရိယေသတိ, တသ္မာ န ဝိပ္ပဋိသာရီ ဟောတိ. န အာရဘတိ ဝိပ္ပဋိသာရီ ဟောတီတိ အာပတ္တိံ န အာပဇ္ဇတိ, ဝိနယပညတ္တိယံ ပန အကောဝိဒတ္တာ အနာပတ္တိယာ အာပတ္တိသညီ ဟုတွာ ဝိပ္ပဋိသာရီ ဟောတီတိ ဧဝမေတ္ထ အတ္ထော ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗော. ‘‘န အာရဘတိ န ဝိပ္ပဋိသာရီ ဟောတီ’’တိ ယော ဝုတ္တော, ကတရော သော ပုဂ္ဂလော? ဩဿဋ္ဌဝီရိယပုဂ္ဂလော. သော ဟိ ‘‘ကိံ မေ ဣမသ္မိံ ကာလေ ပရိနိဗ္ဗာနေန, အနာဂတေ မေတ္တေယျသမ္မာသမ္ဗုဒ္ဓကာလေ ပရိနိဗ္ဗာယိဿာမီ’’တိ ဝိသုဒ္ဓသီလောပိ ပဋိပတ္တိံ န ပူရေတိ. သော ဟိ ‘‘ကိမတ္ထံ အာယသ္မာ ပမတ္တော ဝိဟရတိ, ပုထုဇ္ဇနဿ နာမ ဂတိ အနိဗဒ္ဓါ, တသ္မာ ဟိ မေတ္တေယျသမ္မာသမ္ဗုဒ္ဓဿ သမ္မုခီဘာဝံ လဘေယျာသိ, အရဟတ္တတ္ထာယ ဝိပဿနံ ဘာဝေဟီ’’တိ ဩဝဒိတဗ္ဗောဝ.

“He undertakes and does not feel remorse”: he commits an offense, but he seeks a suitable person to whom to declare it; therefore he does not feel remorse. “He does not undertake but feels remorse”: he does not commit an offense, but being unskilled in the Vinaya rules, he perceives what is not an offense as an offense and feels remorse. Thus the meaning should be understood here. As to the one spoken of as “He does not undertake and does not feel remorse,” who is that person? A person who has given up striving. For he, though pure in virtue, does not complete the practice, thinking: “What is final Nibbāna to me at this time? I will attain final Nibbāna in the future, in the time of Metteyya, the Perfectly Enlightened One.” He should indeed be admonished thus: “Venerable sir, why do you dwell negligently? The destination of a worldling is uncertain. Therefore, may you come face to face with Metteyya, the Perfectly Enlightened One; develop insight for the sake of arahantship!”

သာဓူတိ [Pg.49] အာယာစနတ္ထေ နိပါတော. ဣဒံ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ – ယာဝ အပရဒ္ဓံ ဝတ အာယသ္မတာ, ဧဝံ သန္တေပိ မယံ အာယသ္မန္တံ ယာစာမ, ဒေသေတဗ္ဗယုတ္တကဿ ဒေသနာယ, ဝုဋ္ဌာတဗ္ဗယုတ္တကဿ ဝုဋ္ဌာနေန, အာဝိကာတဗ္ဗယုတ္တကဿ အာဝိကိရိယာယ အာရမ္ဘဇေ အာသဝေ ပဟာယ သုဒ္ဓန္တေ ဌိတဘာဝပစ္စဝေက္ခဏေန ဝိပ္ပဋိသာရဇေ အာသဝေ ပဋိဝိနောဒေတွာ နီဟရိတွာ ဝိပဿနာစိတ္တဉ္စေဝ ဝိပဿနာပညဉ္စ ဝဍ္ဎေတူတိ. အမုနာ ပဉ္စမေန ပုဂ္ဂလေနာတိ ဧတေန ပဉ္စမေန ခီဏာသဝပုဂ္ဂလေန. သမသမော ဘဝိဿတီတိ လောကုတ္တရဂုဏေဟိ သမဘာဝေနေဝ သမော ဘဝိဿတီတိ ဧဝံ ခီဏာသဝေန ဩဝဒိတဗ္ဗောတိ အတ္ထော. တတိယံ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

`Sādhu` is a particle in the sense of a request. This is what is said: “Venerable sir, you have indeed done wrong. Even so, we request you, venerable sir: by declaring what should be declared, by rehabilitating from what requires rehabilitation, by disclosing what should be disclosed; by abandoning the taints born of undertaking and by dispelling the taints born of remorse through reflecting on one’s state of being established in purity, may you develop both the mind of insight and the wisdom of insight.” “By this fifth person” means by this fifth person, the one whose taints are destroyed. “He will be perfectly equal” means he will be equal through the state of equality in the supramundane qualities. Thus the meaning is that he should be admonished by one whose taints are destroyed. The third is plain in meaning.

အာရဘတိသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Ārabhatisutta and Others is finished.

၄-၆. တိကဏ္ဍကီသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

4-6. Commentary on the Tikaṇḍakī Sutta and Others

၁၄၄-၆. စတုတ္ထေ ပဋိကူလေတိ အမနုညေ အနိဋ္ဌေ. အပ္ပဋိကူလသညီတိ ဣဋ္ဌာကာရေနေဝ ပဝတ္တစိတ္တော. ဣဋ္ဌသ္မိံ ဝတ္ထုသ္မိံ အသုဘာယ ဝါ ဖရတိ, အနိစ္စတော ဝါ ဥပသံဟရတိ ဥပနေတိ ပဝတ္တေတိ. အနိဋ္ဌသ္မိံ ဝတ္ထုသ္မိန္တိ အနိဋ္ဌေ သတ္တသညိတေ အာရမ္မဏေ. မေတ္တာယ ဝါ ဖရတီတိ မေတ္တံ ဟိတေသိတံ ဥပသံဟရန္တော သဗ္ဗတ္ထကမေဝ ဝါ တတ္ထ ဖရတိ. ဓာတုတော ဝါ ဥပသံဟရတီတိ ဓမ္မသဘာဝစိန္တနေန ဓာတုတော ပစ္စဝေက္ခဏာယ ဓာတုမနသိကာရံ ဝါ တတ္ထ ပဝတ္တေတိ. တဒုဘယံ အဘိနိဝဇ္ဇေတွာတိ သဘာဝတော အာနုဘာဝတော စ ဥပတိဋ္ဌန္တံ အာရမ္မဏေ ပဋိကူလဘာဝံ အပ္ပဋိကူလဘာဝဉ္စာတိ တံ ဥဘယံ ပဟာယ အဂ္ဂဟေတွာ, သဗ္ဗသ္မိံ ပန တသ္မိံ မဇ္ဈတ္တော ဟုတွာတိ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ. မဇ္ဈတ္တော ဟုတွာ ဝိဟရိတုကာမော ပန ကိံ ကရောတီတိ? ဣဋ္ဌာနိဋ္ဌေသု အာပါထံ ဂတေသု နေဝ သောမနဿိတော ဟောတိ, န ဒေါမနဿိတော ဟောတိ. ဥပေက္ခကော ဝိဟရေယျာတိ ဣဋ္ဌေ အရဇ္ဇန္တော အနိဋ္ဌေ အဒုဿန္တော ယထာ အညေ အသမပေက္ခနေန မောဟံ ဥပ္ပာဒေန္တိ, ဧဝံ အနုပ္ပာဒေန္တော ဆသု အာရမ္မဏေသု ဆဠင်္ဂုပေက္ခာယ ဥပေက္ခကော ဝိဟရေယျ. တေနေဝါဟ ‘‘ဆဠင်္ဂုပေက္ခာဝသေန ပဉ္စမော’’တိ. ဣဋ္ဌာနိဋ္ဌဆဠာရမ္မဏာပါထေ ပရိသုဒ္ဓပကတိဘာဝါဝိဇဟနလက္ခဏာယ ဆသု ဒွါရေသု ပဝတ္တနတော ‘‘ဆဠင်္ဂုပေက္ခာ’’တိ လဒ္ဓနာမာယ တတြမဇ္ဈတ္တုပေက္ခာယ ဝသေန ပဉ္စမော ဝါရော ဝုတ္တောတိ အတ္ထော. ပဉ္စမံ ဆဋ္ဌဉ္စ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

144-6. In the fourth, `paṭikūla` means disagreeable and undesirable. `Appaṭikūlasaññī` refers to one whose mind operates with an agreeable perception. In an agreeable object, one either pervades it with the perception of foulness or adverts to it as impermanent, brings it to mind, and sustains it. `Aniṭṭhasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ` refers to a disagreeable object perceived as a being. `Mettāya vā pharati` means one pervades it with loving-kindness, adverting to it as the wish for welfare, or pervades it universally there. `Dhātuto vā upasaṃharati` means one adverts to it by way of the elements, that is, by contemplating the intrinsic nature of phenomena, one reviews it by way of the elements or directs attention to the elements there. `Tadubhayaṃ abhinivajjetvā` means having abandoned both the repulsive and non-repulsive aspects of the object, without grasping either, and having become neutral towards it in every way. But what does one who wishes to dwell in neutrality do? When agreeable and disagreeable objects come into range, one is neither mentally pleased nor mentally distressed. One should dwell equanimously: not attached to the agreeable nor averse to the disagreeable, one should dwell with equanimity towards the six sense objects with six-factored equanimity, without generating delusion through partiality. Therefore it is said: 'The fifth is by way of six-factored equanimity.' The meaning is that the fifth case is stated by way of that neutrality-equanimity called 'six-factored equanimity' because it operates at the six doors with the characteristic of not abandoning its purified natural state when the six agreeable and disagreeable objects come into range. The fifth and sixth are clear in meaning.

တိကဏ္ဍကီသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Tikaṇḍakī Sutta and so forth is completed.

၇-၁၀. အသပ္ပုရိသဒါနသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

7-10. Commentary on the Asappurisadāna Sutta and Others

၁၄၇-၁၅၀. သတ္တမေ [Pg.50] အသက္ကစ္စန္တိ အနာဒရံ ကတွာ. ဒေယျဓမ္မဿ အသက္ကစ္စကရဏံ နာမ အသမ္ပန္နံ ကရောတီတိ အာဟ ‘‘န သက္ကရိတွာ သုစိံ ကတွာ ဒေတီ’’တိ, ဥတ္တဏ္ဍုလာဒိဒေါသဝိရဟိတံ သုစိသမ္ပန္နံ ကတွာ န ဒေတီတိ အတ္ထော. အစိတ္တီကတွာတိ န စိတ္တေ ကတွာ, န ပူဇေတွာတိ အတ္ထော. ပူဇေန္တော ဟိ ပူဇေတဗ္ဗဝတ္ထုံ စိတ္တေ ဌပေတိ, န တတော ဗဟိ ကရောတိ. စိတ္တံ ဝါ အစ္ဆရိယံ ကတွာ ပဋိပတ္တိဝိကရဏံ သမ္ဘာဝနကိရိယာ, တပ္ပဋိက္ခေပတော အစိတ္တီကရဏံ အသမ္ဘာဝနကိရိယာ. အဂါရဝေန ဒေတီတိ ပုဂ္ဂလေ အဂရုံ ကရောန္တော နိသီဒနဋ္ဌာနေ အသမ္မဇ္ဇိတွာ ယတ္ထ ဝါ တတ္ထ ဝါ နိသီဒါပေတွာ ယံ ဝါ တံ ဝါ အာဓာရကံ ဌပေတွာ ဒါနံ ဒေတိ. အသဟတ္ထာတိ န အတ္တနော ဟတ္ထေန ဒေတိ, ဒါသကမ္မကရောဒီဟိ ဒါပေတိ. အပဝိဒ္ဓံ ဒေတီတိ အန္တရာ အပဝိဒ္ဓံ ဝိစ္ဆေဒံ ကတွာ ဒေတိ. တေနာဟ ‘‘န နိရန္တရံ ဒေတီ’’တိ. အထ ဝါ အပဝိဒ္ဓံ ဒေတီတိ ဥစ္ဆိဋ္ဌာဒိဆဍ္ဍနီယဓမ္မံ ဝိယ အဝက္ခိတ္တကံ ကတွာ ဒေတိ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဆဍ္ဍေတုကာမော ဝိယ ဒေတီ’’တိ. ‘‘အဒ္ဓါ ဣမဿ ဒါနဿ ဖလမေဝ အာဂစ္ဆတီ’’တိ ဧဝံ ယဿ ကမ္မဿကတာဒိဋ္ဌိ အတ္ထိ, သော အာဂမနဒိဋ္ဌိကော, အယံ ပန န တာဒိသောတိ အနာဂမနဒိဋ္ဌိကော. တေနာဟ ‘‘ကတဿ နာမ ဖလံ အာဂမိဿတီ’’တိအာဒိ. အဋ္ဌမာဒီသု နတ္ထိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗံ.

147-150. In the seventh, asakkaccaṃ means disrespectfully. To give a gift disrespectfully is to make it deficient, as stated: 'He does not give after honoring it and making it pure.' The meaning is that he does not give it after having made it pure and complete, free from defects such as husks in the rice. Acittīkatvā means not taking it to heart, that is, not honoring it. For one who honors places the object to be honored in his mind and does not put it outside of that. Or, esteeming is an action that modifies one's practice by making the mind hold it in high regard; its rejection, acittīkaraṇaṃ, is the action of not esteeming it. Giving without respect means giving while disrespecting the person, making him sit without sweeping the sitting place, or making him sit just anywhere, or placing just any kind of container and then giving. Asahatthā means he does not give with his own hand but has slaves or workers give it. Apaviddhaṃ deti (he gives what is cast off) means he gives intermittently. Therefore, it is said: 'He does not give continuously.' Alternatively, apaviddhaṃ deti means he gives it contemptuously, like something to be thrown away such as leftovers. Therefore, it is said: 'He gives as if intending to discard it.' 'Surely, the result of this gift will come'—one who has such a view of the ownership of kamma is one with a view of its coming. But this person is not like that, so he is one with no view of its coming. Therefore, it is said: 'Will a result of what has been done really come?' and so on. In the eighth and following, there is nothing to be said.

အသပ္ပုရိသဒါနသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Discourse on the Gifts of an Unworthy Person and so forth is concluded.

တိကဏ္ဍကီဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Tikaṇḍakī Chapter is concluded.

တတိယပဏ္ဏာသကံ နိဋ္ဌိတံ.

The Third Fifty is concluded.

၄. စတုတ္ထပဏ္ဏာသကံ

4. The Fourth Fifty

(၁၆) ၁. သဒ္ဓမ္မဝဂ္ဂေါ

(16) 1. The Chapter on the Good Dhamma

၁၅၁-၁၆၀. ပဌမော ဝဂ္ဂေါ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထောယေဝ.

151-160. The first chapter is clear in meaning.

(၁၇) ၂. အာဃာတဝဂ္ဂေါ

(17) 2. The Chapter on Ill-will

၁-၅. ပဌမအာဃာတပဋိဝိနယသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

1-5. Commentary on the First Discourse on Removing Resentment and so forth

၁၆၁-၁၆၅. ဒုတိယဿ [Pg.51] ပဌမေ နတ္ထိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗံ. ဒုတိယေ အာဃာတော ပဋိဝိနယတိ ဧတ္ထ, ဧတေဟီတိ ဝါ အာဃာတပဋိဝိနယာ. တေနာဟ ‘‘အာဃာတော ဧတေဟိ ပဋိဝိနေတဗ္ဗော’’တိအာဒိ.

161-165. In the first part of the second sutta, there is nothing to be said. In the second, āghātapaṭivinayā are so called because resentment (āghāto) is removed (paṭivinayati) here (ettha), or by these means (etehi). Therefore it is said: 'Resentment should be removed by these,' and so on.

နန္တကန္တိ အနန္တကံ, အန္တဝိရဟိတံ ဝတ္ထခဏ္ဍံ. ယဒိ ဟိ တဿ အန္တော ဘဝေယျ, ‘‘ပိလောတိကာ’’တိ သင်္ခံ န ဂစ္ဆေယျ.

Nantakaṃ means endless, a piece of cloth without an end. For if it had an end, it would not be designated a 'rag.'

သေဝါလေနာတိ ဗီဇကဏ္ဏိကကေသရာဒိဘေဒေန သေဝါလေန. ဥဒကပပ္ပဋကေနာတိ နီလမဏ္ဍူကပိဋ္ဌိဝဏ္ဏေန ဥဒကပိဋ္ဌိံ ဆာဒေတွာ နိဗ္ဗတ္တေန ဥဒကပိဋ္ဌိကေန. ဃမ္မေန အနုဂတောတိ ဃမ္မေန ဖုဋ္ဌော အဘိဘူတော. စိတ္တုပ္ပာဒန္တိ ပဋိဃသမ္ပယုတ္တစိတ္တုပ္ပာဒံ.

Sevālena means with algae of various kinds, such as seed, pericarp, and filament. Udakapappaṭakena means with water scum that is produced by covering the water’s surface and has the color of a blue frog’s back. Ghammena anugato means touched and overcome by the heat. Cittuppādaṃ means the arising of a mind associated with repugnance.

ဝိသဘာဂဝေဒနုပ္ပတ္တိယာ ကကစေနေဝ ဣရိယာပထပဝတ္တိနိဝါရဏေန ဆိန္ဒန္တော အာဗာဓတိ ပီဠေတီတိ အာဗာဓော, သော အဿ အတ္ထီတိ အာဗာဓိကော. တံသမုဋ္ဌာနေန ဒုက္ခိတော သဉ္ဇာတဒုက္ခော. ဗာဠှဂိလာနောတိ အဓိမတ္တဂိလာနော. ဂါမန္တနာယကဿာတိ ဂါမန္တသမ္ပာပကဿ.

An affliction (ābādho) is so called because it afflicts and torments by cutting off—that is, by preventing the continuation of the postures—like a saw, due to the arising of a disagreeable feeling. One who has this is afflicted (ābādhiko). Pained by what arises from that, he is one for whom suffering has arisen. Bāḷhagilāno means extremely ill. Gāmantanāyakassa means for one who leads to the vicinity of the village.

ပသန္နဘာဝေန ဥဒကဿ အစ္ဆဘာဝေါ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗောတိ အာဟ ‘‘အစ္ဆောဒကာတိ ပသန္နောဒကာ’’တိ. သာဒုရသတာယ သာတတာတိ အာဟ ‘‘မဓုရောဒကာ’’တိ. တနုကမေဝ သလိလံ ဝိသေသတော သီတလံ, န ဗဟလာတိ အာဟ ‘‘တနုသီတသလိလာ’’တိ. သေတကာတိ နိက္ကဒ္ဒမာ. သစိက္ခလ္လာဒိဝသေန ဟိ ဥဒကဿ ဝိဝဏ္ဏတာ. သဘာဝတော ပန တံ သေတဝဏ္ဏမေဝ. တတိယာဒီနိ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထာနေဝ.

The clarity of the water is to be understood from its limpidity; thus it is said: acchodakā means limpid water (pasannodakā). Because of its sweet taste, it is pleasant; thus it is said: madhurodakā (sweet water). The water is thin and especially cool, not thick; thus it is said: tanusītasalilā (with thin, cool water). Setakā means free from mud. For the water becomes discolored on account of mud and the like, but by nature it is white in color. The third and following are clear in meaning.

ပဌမအာဃာတပဋိဝိနယသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the first Āghātapaṭivinaya Sutta and so forth is concluded.

၆. နိရောဓသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

6. Commentary on the Nirodha Sutta

၁၆၆. ဆဋ္ဌေ [Pg.52] အမရိသနတ္ထေတိ အသဟနတ္ထေ. အနာဂတဝစနံ ကတန္တိ အနာဂတသဒ္ဒပ္ပယောဂေါ ကတော, အတ္ထော ပန ဝတ္တမာနကာလိကောဝ. အက္ခရစိန္တကာ (ပါဏိနိ. ၃.၃.၁၄၅-၁၄၆) ဟိ ဤဒိသေသု ဌာနေသု အနောကပ္ပနာမရိသနတ္ထဝသေန အတ္ထိသဒ္ဒေ ဥပပဒေ ဝတ္တမာနကာလေပိ အနာဂတဝစနံ ကရောန္တိ.

166. In the sixth, amarisanattheti means in the sense of not enduring (asahanatthe). Anāgatavacanaṃ katanti means the future tense has been used, but the meaning is actually in the present tense. For grammarians (Pāṇini 3.3.145–146), in such cases, when the word atthi is present, they employ the future tense even for the present time in the sense of disapproval or impatience.

နိရောဓသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Nirodha Sutta is concluded.

၇-၉. စောဒနာသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

7–9. Commentary on the Codanā Sutta and so on.

၁၆၇-၉. သတ္တမေ ဝတ္ထုသန္ဒဿနာတိ ယသ္မိံ ဝတ္ထုသ္မိံ အာပတ္တိ, တဿ သရူပတော ဒဿနံ. အာပတ္တိသန္ဒဿနာတိ ယံ အာပတ္တိံ သော အာပန္နော, တဿာ ဒဿနံ. သံဝါသပ္ပဋိက္ခေပေါတိ ဥပေါသထပ္ပဝါရဏာဒိသံဝါသဿ ပဋိက္ခိပနံ အကရဏံ. သာမီစိပ္ပဋိက္ခေပေါတိ အဘိဝါဒနာဒိသာမီစိကိရိယာယ အကရဏံ. စောဒယမာနေနာတိ စောဒေန္တေန. စုဒိတကဿ ကာလောတိ စုဒိတကဿ စောဒေတဗ္ဗကာလော. ပုဂ္ဂလန္တိ စောဒေတဗ္ဗပုဂ္ဂလံ. ဥပပရိက္ခိတွာတိ ‘‘အယံ စုဒိတကလက္ခဏေ တိဋ္ဌတိ, န တိဋ္ဌတီ’’တိ ဝီမံသိတွာ. အယသံ အာရောပေတီတိ ‘‘ဣမေ မံ အဘူတေန အဗ္ဘာစိက္ခန္တာ အယသံ ဗျသနံ ဥပ္ပာဒေန္တီ’’တိ ဘိက္ခူနံ အယသံ ဥပ္ပာဒေတိ. အဋ္ဌမနဝမာနိ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထာနေဝ.

167–169. In the seventh, vatthusandassanā means showing the matter in which the offense lies, showing it in its own nature. Āpattisandassanā means showing the offense that one has committed. Saṃvāsappaṭikkhepo means the rejection of communion, that is, not performing communal acts such as the Uposatha and Pavāraṇā. Sāmīcippaṭikkhepo means the rejection of proper duties, that is, not performing acts of respect such as paying homage. Codayamānenāti codentena means by one who reproves. Cuditakassa kāloti cuditakassa codetabbakālo means the time for reproving the one who is accused. Puggalanti codetabbapuggalaṃ means the person to be reproved. Upaparikkhitvāti means after having investigated: “Does this person possess the characteristics of one who should be reproved or not?” Ayasaṃ āropetīti means he imputes disgrace to the bhikkhus, thinking: “These bhikkhus, by accusing me falsely, are causing me disgrace and misfortune.” The eighth and ninth are of obvious meaning.

စောဒနာသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Codanā Sutta and so on is concluded.

၁၀. ဘဒ္ဒဇိသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

10. Commentary on the Bhaddaji Sutta

၁၇၀. ဒသမေ အဘိဘဝိတွာ ဌိတော ဣမေ သတ္တေတိ အဓိပ္ပာယော. ယသ္မာ ပန သော ‘‘ပါသံသဘာဝေန ဥတ္တမဘာဝေန စ တေ သတ္တေ အဘိဘဝိတွာ ဌိတော’’တိ အတ္တာနံ မညတိ, တသ္မာ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘ဇေဋ္ဌကော’’တိ. အညဒတ္ထု ဒသောတိ ဒဿနေ အန္တရာယာဘာဝဝစနေန ဉေယျဝိသေသပရိဂ္ဂါဟိကဘာဝေန [Pg.53] စ အနာဝရဏဒဿာဝိတံ ပဋိဇာနာတီတိ အာဟ ‘‘သဗ္ဗံ ပဿတီတိ အဓိပ္ပာယော’’တိ.

170. In the tenth, the meaning is: ‘Having overcome these beings, he stands.’ But since he considers himself thus, ‘Having overcome those beings by way of praiseworthiness and superiority, I stand,’ therefore it is said, ‘the eldest.’ Furthermore, as to ‘the tenth,’ by stating that there is no obstruction to vision and that it has the nature of comprehending special knowable things, he professes to have unobstructed vision. Therefore it is said: ‘The meaning is, “He sees all.”’

ဘဒ္ဒဇိသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Bhaddaji Sutta is concluded.

အာဃာတဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Āghāta Vagga is concluded.

(၁၈) ၃. ဥပါသကဝဂ္ဂေါ

(18) 3. The Chapter on Lay Followers

၁-၆. သာရဇ္ဇသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

1–6. Commentary on the Sārajja Sutta and so on.

၁၇၁-၁၇၆. တတိယဿ ပဌမဒုတိယတတိယစတုတ္ထေ နတ္ထိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗံ. ပဉ္စမေ ဥပါသကပစ္ဆိမကောတိ ဥပါသကနိဟီနော. ‘‘ဣမိနာ ဒိဋ္ဌာဒိနာ ဣဒံ နာမ မင်္ဂလံ ဘဝိဿတီ’’တိ ဧဝံ ဗာလဇနပရိကပ္ပိတကောတူဟလသင်္ခါတေန ဒိဋ္ဌသုတမုတမင်္ဂလေန သမန္နာဂတော ကောတူဟလမင်္ဂလိကော. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဣမိနာ ဣဒံ ဘဝိဿတီ’’တိအာဒိ. မင်္ဂလံ ပစ္စေတီတိ ဒိဋ္ဌမင်္ဂလာဒိဘေဒံ မင်္ဂလမေဝ ပတ္ထိယာယတိ. နော ကမ္မန္တိ ကမ္မဿကတံ နော ပတ္ထိယာယတိ. ဣမမှာ သာသနာတိ ဣတော သဗ္ဗညုဗုဒ္ဓသာသနတော. ဗဟိဒ္ဓါတိ ဗာဟိရကသမယေ. ဒက္ခိဏေယျံ ပရိယေသတီတိ ‘‘ဒုပ္ပဋိပန္နာ ဒက္ခိဏေယျာ’’တိ သညီ ဂဝေသတိ. ဧတ္ထ ဒက္ခိဏပရိယေသနပုဗ္ဗကာရေ ဧကံ ကတွာ ပဉ္စ ဓမ္မာ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ. ဆဋ္ဌံ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

171–176. Concerning the third chapter, there is nothing to be said about the first, second, third, and fourth suttas. In the fifth, upāsakapacchimako means an inferior lay follower. A kotūhalamaṅgaliko is one who is given to auspicious signs based on curiosity, one endowed with auspicious signs based on things seen, heard, or sensed, which are concocted by foolish people, thinking: ‘By this seen thing, etc., such and such an auspicious event will occur.’ Hence it is said: ‘By this, this will be,’ and so on. He hopes for an auspicious sign means he desires only auspicious signs of various kinds, such as auspicious things seen. No kammanti kammassakataṃ no patthiyāyati means he does not desire the fruit of his own kamma. From this dispensation means from this dispensation of the Omniscient Buddha. Externally means in an external creed. He seeks a worthy recipient of offerings means he searches with the perception, ‘Those of wrong practice are worthy of offerings.’ Here, the five things are to be understood, with the seeking of a worthy recipient and the prior service being made into one. The sixth is of obvious meaning.

သာရဇ္ဇသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Sārajja Sutta and so on is concluded.

၇-၈. ဝဏိဇ္ဇာသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

7–8. Commentary on the Vaṇijjā Sutta and so on.

၁၇၇-၈. သတ္တမေ သတ္ထဝဏိဇ္ဇာတိ အာဝုဓဘဏ္ဍံ ကတွာ ဝါ ကာရေတွာ ဝါ ကတံ ဝါ ပဋိလဘိတွာ တဿ ဝိက္ကယော. အာဝုဓဘဏ္ဍံ ကာရေတွာ တဿ ဝိက္ကယောတိ ဣဒံ ပန နိဒဿနမတ္တံ. သူကရမိဂါဒယော ပေါသေတွာ တေသံ ဝိက္ကယောတိ သူကရမိဂါဒယော ပေါသေတွာ တေသံ မံသံ သမ္ပာဒေတွာ ဝိက္ကယော. ဧတ္ထ စ သတ္ထဝဏိဇ္ဇာ ပရောပရာဓနိမိတ္တတာယ အကရဏီယာ ဝုတ္တာ, သတ္တဝဏိဇ္ဇာ အဘုဇိဿဘာဝကရဏတော, မံသဝိသဝဏိဇ္ဇာ ဝဓဟေတုတော, မဇ္ဇဝဏိဇ္ဇာ ပမာဒဋ္ဌာနတော. အဋ္ဌမံ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

177–178. In the seventh, trade in weapons (satthavaṇijjā) is the selling of weapons—whether one has made them, had them made, or obtained them ready-made. The phrase ‘having weapons made and selling them’ is just an illustration. The phrase ‘raising pigs, deer, etc., and selling them’ means raising pigs, deer, etc., preparing their meat, and selling it. Here, trade in weapons is said to be something that should not be done because it is a cause for harming others; trade in living beings, because it leads to a state of non-freedom; trade in meat and poison, because it is a cause of slaughter; and trade in intoxicants, because it is a basis for heedlessness. The eighth is of obvious meaning.

ဝဏိဇ္ဇာသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Vaṇijjā Sutta and so on is concluded.

၉. ဂိဟိသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

9. Commentary on the Gihisutta

၁၇၉. နဝမေ [Pg.54] အာဘိစေတသိကာနန္တိ အဘိစေတောတိ အဘိက္ကန္တံ ဝိသုဒ္ဓစိတ္တံ ဝုစ္စတိ အဓိစိတ္တံ ဝါ, အဘိစေတသိ ဇာတာနိ အာဘိစေတသိကာနိ, အဘိစေတော သန္နိဿိတာနီတိ ဝါ အာဘိစေတသိကာနိ. တေနေဝါဟ ‘‘ဥတ္တမစိတ္တနိဿိတာန’’န္တိ. ဒိဋ္ဌဓမ္မသုခဝိဟာရာနန္တိ ဒိဋ္ဌဓမ္မေ သုခဝိဟာရာနံ. ဒိဋ္ဌဓမ္မောတိ ပစ္စက္ခော အတ္တဘာဝေါ ဝုစ္စတိ, တတ္ထ သုခဝိဟာရာနန္တိ အတ္ထော. ရူပါဝစရဇ္ဈာနာနမေတံ အဓိဝစနံ. တာနိ ဟိ အပ္ပေတွာ နိသိန္နာ ဈာယိနော ဣမသ္မိံယေဝ အတ္တဘာဝေ အသံကိလိဋ္ဌံ နေက္ခမ္မသုခံ ဝိန္ဒန္တိ, တသ္မာ ‘‘ဒိဋ္ဌဓမ္မသုခဝိဟာရာနီ’’တိ ဝုစ္စန္တိ.

179. In the ninth, as to ābhicetasikāni: abhiceto is said to be the excellent, purified mind, or the higher mind (adhicittaṃ). Ābhicetasikāni are things born in the higher mind, or things dependent on the higher mind. For that reason it is said: ‘dependent on the highest mind.’ Pleasant abidings in the present life (diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārāni): Diṭṭhadhamma is said to be one’s own present existence; the meaning is pleasant abidings therein. This is a designation for the form-sphere jhānas. For meditators who sit having attained them find the undefiled bliss of renunciation in this very life. Therefore they are called ‘pleasant abidings in the present life.’

စတုဗ္ဗိဓမေရယန္တိ ပုပ္ဖာသဝေါ, ဖလာသဝေါ, ဂုဠာသဝေါ, မဓွာသဝေါတိ ဧဝံ စတုပ္ပဘေဒံ မေရယံ. ပဉ္စဝိဓဉ္စ သုရန္တိ ပူဝသုရာ, ပိဋ္ဌသုရာ, ဩဒနသုရာ, ကိဏ္ဏပက္ခိတ္တာ, သမ္ဘာရသံယုတ္တာတိ ဧဝံ ပဉ္စပ္ပဘေဒံ သုရံ. ပုညံ အတ္ထော ဧတဿာတိ ပုညတ္ထော. ယသ္မာ ပနေသ ပုညေန အတ္ထိကော နာမ ဟောတိ, တသ္မာ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘ပုညေန အတ္ထိကဿာ’’တိ. သေသမေတ္ထ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

Four kinds of liquor (meraya): liquor from flowers, from fruits, from molasses, and from honey—thus liquor is of four kinds. And five kinds of fermented drink (sura): fermented drink from cakes, from flour, from cooked rice, that to which yeast has been added, and that blended with ingredients—thus fermented drink is of five kinds. Puññattho means one for whom merit is the goal. Since he is one who has need of merit, it is therefore said, ‘of one who has need of merit.’ The rest here is of obvious meaning.

ဂိဟိသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Gihisutta is concluded.

၁၀. ဂဝေသီသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

10. The Commentary on the Gavesī Sutta

၁၈၀. ဒသမေ သုကာရဏန္တိ ဗောဓိပရိပါစနဿ ဧကန္တိကံ သုန္ဒရံ ကာရဏံ. မန္ဒဟသိတန္တိ ဤသကံ ဟသိတံ. ကဟံ ကဟန္တိ ဟာသသဒ္ဒဿ အနုကရဏမေတံ. ဟဋ္ဌပ္ပဟဋ္ဌာကာရမတ္တန္တိ ဟဋ္ဌဿ ပဟဋ္ဌာကာရမတ္တံ. ယထာ ဂဟိတသင်္ကေတာ ‘‘ပဟဋ္ဌော ဘဂဝါ’’တိ သဉ္ဇာနန္တိ, ဧဝံ အာကာရနိဒဿနမတ္တံ.

180. In the tenth, 'a good reason' means a certain excellent reason for the maturing of enlightenment. 'A gentle smile' means a slight smile. 'Kahaṃ, kahaṃ' is an imitation of the sound of laughter. 'Merely the appearance of joy and delight' means just the appearance of being joyful and delighted. It is merely an indication of an expression, so that those who have grasped the sign recognize, 'The Blessed One is delighted.'

ဣဒါနိ ဣမိနာ ပသင်္ဂေန ဟာသသမုဋ္ဌာနံ ဝိဘာဂတော ဒဿေတုံ ‘‘ဟသိတဉ္စ နာမေတ’’န္တိအာဒိ အာရဒ္ဓံ. တတ္ထ အဇ္ဈုပေက္ခနဝသေနပိ ဟာသော န သမ္ဘဝတိ, ပဂေဝ ဒေါမနဿဝသေနာတိ အာဟ ‘‘တေရသဟိ သောမနဿသဟဂတစိတ္တေဟီ’’တိ. နနု စ ကေစိ ကောဓဝသေနပိ ဟသန္တီတိ? န, တေ သမ္ပိယန္တိ ကောဓဝတ္ထုံ တတ္ထ ‘‘မယံ ဒါနိ ယထာကာမကာရိတံ အာပဇ္ဇိဿာမာ’’တိ ဒုဝိညေယျန္တရေန သောမနဿစိတ္တေနေဝ ဟာသဿ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇနတော. တေသူတိ [Pg.55] ပဉ္စသု သောမနဿသဟဂတကိရိယစိတ္တေသု. ဗလဝါရမ္မဏေတိ ဥဠာရတမေ အာရမ္မဏေ ယမကပါဋိဟာရိယသဒိသေ. ဒုဗ္ဗလာရမ္မဏေတိ အနုဠာရအာရမ္မဏေ.

Now, in this connection, to show the arising of laughter by way of classification, the passage beginning 'Laughter, namely...' is commenced. Therein, laughter does not arise even by way of equanimity, still less by way of displeasure; hence it is said, 'with thirteen consciousnesses accompanied by joy.' But do some not laugh even out of anger? No. They take delight in the object of anger, thinking, 'Now we will get to act as we please'; for laughter arises only from a consciousness of joy with a hard-to-discern inner reason. 'Among these' means among the five functional consciousnesses accompanied by joy. 'With a strong object' means with a most sublime object, like the Twin Miracle. 'With a weak object' means with a non-sublime object.

‘‘ဣမသ္မိံ ပန ဌာနေ…ပေ… ဥပ္ပာဒေတီ’’တိ ဣဒံ ပေါရာဏဋ္ဌကထာယံ တထာ အာဂတတ္တာ ဝုတ္တံ, န သဟေတုကသောမနဿသဟဂတစိတ္တေဟိ ဘဂဝတော သိတံ န ဟောတီတိ ဒဿနတ္တံ. အဘိဓမ္မဋီကာယံ (ဓ. သ. မူလဋီ. ၉၆၈) ပန ‘‘အတီတံသာဒီသု အပ္ပဋိဟတံ ဉာဏံ ဝတွာ ‘ဣမေဟိ ဓမ္မေဟိ သမန္နာဂတဿ ဗုဒ္ဓဿ ဘဂဝတော သဗ္ဗံ ကာယကမ္မံ ဉာဏပုဗ္ဗင်္ဂမံ ဉာဏာနုပရိဝတ္တီ’တိအာဒိဝစနတော (မဟာနိ. ၁၅၆; ပဋိ. မ. ၃.၅) ‘ဘဂဝတော ဣဒံ စိတ္တံ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတီ’တိ ဝုတ္တဝစနံ ဝိစာရေတဗ္ဗ’’န္တိ ဝုတ္တံ. တတ္ထ ဣမိနာ ဟသိတုပ္ပာဒစိတ္တေန ပဝတ္တိယမာနမ္ပိ ဘဂဝတော သိတကရဏံ ပုဗ္ဗေနိဝါသအနာဂတံသသဗ္ဗညုတညာဏာနံ အနုဝတ္တကတ္တာ ဉာဏာနုပရိဝတ္တိယေဝါတိ ဧဝံ ပန ဉာဏာနုပရိဝတ္တိဘာဝေ သတိ န ကောစိ ပါဠိအဋ္ဌကထာနံ ဝိရောဓော. တထာ ဟိ အဘိဓမ္မဋ္ဌကထာယံ (ဓ. သ. အဋ္ဌ. ၅၆၈) ‘‘တေသံ ဉာဏာနံ စိဏ္ဏပရိယန္တေ ဣဒံ စိတ္တံ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတီ’’တိ ဝုတ္တံ. အဝဿဉ္စေတံ ဧဝံ ဣစ္ဆိတဗ္ဗံ, အညထာ အာဝဇ္ဇနစိတ္တဿပိ ဘဂဝတော တထာရူပေ ကာလေ န ယုဇ္ဇေယျ. တဿပိ ဟိ ဝိညတ္တိသမုဋ္ဌာပကဘာဝဿ နိစ္ဆိတတ္တာ. တထာ ဟိ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘ဧဝဉ္စ ကတွာ မနောဒွါရာဝဇ္ဇနဿပိ ဝိညတ္တိသမုဋ္ဌာပကတ္တံ ဥပပန္နံ ဟောတီ’’တိ (ဓ. သ. မူလဋီ. ၁ ကာယကမ္မဒွါရကထာဝဏ္ဏနာ) န စ ဝိညတ္တိသမုဋ္ဌာပကတ္တေ တံသမုဋ္ဌာနကာယဝိညတ္တိယာ ကာယကမ္မာဒိဘာဝံ အာပဇ္ဇနဘာဝေါ ဝိဿဇ္ဇတီတိ.

'But in this case... he produces...' This is said because it is so stated in the ancient commentary, not to show that the Blessed One's smile does not occur with consciousnesses accompanied by joy and having a root-cause. However, in the Abhidhamma Subcommentary it is said: 'Having stated that knowledge of the past, etc., is unobstructed, and based on passages like, "For the Blessed One, the Buddha, endowed with these qualities, all bodily action is preceded by knowledge and follows knowledge," the statement "This consciousness arises in the Blessed One" should be examined.' Here, even the Blessed One's act of smiling, which proceeds from this smile-producing consciousness, is indeed governed by knowledge because it follows upon the knowledges of past lives, future destinies, and omniscience. When it is thus governed by knowledge, there is no contradiction with the Pāli and the commentaries. For in the Abhidhamma commentary it is said: 'This consciousness arises at the culmination of the exercise of those knowledges.' And this must certainly be accepted in this way; otherwise, even the adverting consciousness of the Blessed One would not be fitting at such a time, for its nature of producing intimation has been determined. For it is said: 'And having done so, mind-door adverting also becomes a producer of intimation.' Nor, when it is a producer of intimation, is the fact that the bodily intimation arising from it becomes bodily action, etc., relinquished.

ဟသိတန္တိ သိတမေဝ သန္ဓာယ ဝဒတိ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဧဝံ အပ္ပမတ္တကမ္ပီ’’တိ. သမောသရိတာ ဝိဇ္ဇုလတာ. သာ ဟိ ဣတရဝိဇ္ဇုလတာ ဝိယ ခဏဋ္ဌိတိယာ သီဃနိရောဓာ စ န ဟောတိ, အပိစ ခေါ ဒန္ဓနိရောဓာ, န စ သဗ္ဗကာလိကာ. ဒီဓိတိ ပါဝကမဟာမေဃတော ဝါ စာတုဒ္ဒီပိကမဟာမေဃတော ဝါ နိစ္ဆရတိ. တေနာဟ ‘‘စာတုဒ္ဒီပိကမဟာမေဃမုခတော’’တိ. အယံ ကိရ တာသံ ရသ္မီနံ ဓမ္မတာ, ယဒိဒံ တိက္ခတ္တုံ သီသံ ပဒက္ခိဏံ ကတွာ ဒါဌဂ္ဂေသုယေဝ အန္တရဓာနံ. သေသမေတ္ထ သုဝိညေယျမေဝ.

'Laughter' is said referring only to a smile. Hence it is said, 'even so slightly moved.' An assembled lightning flash. For it is not, like other lightning flashes, of momentary duration and quick cessation, but rather it ceases slowly and is not perpetual. The radiance issues from a great cloud of fire or from a great cloud covering the four continents. Hence it is said, 'from the mouth of the great cloud covering the four continents.' This, it seems, is the nature of those rays: namely, that after circumambulating the head three times clockwise, they disappear right at the tips of the eye-teeth. The rest here is easy to understand.

ဂဝေသီသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Gavesī Sutta is concluded.

ဥပါသကဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Chapter on Lay Followers is concluded.

(၁၉) ၄. အရညဝဂ္ဂေါ

(19) 4. The Forest Chapter

၁. အာရညိကသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

1. The Commentary on the Sutta on the Forest Dweller

၁၈၁. စတုတ္ထဿ [Pg.56] ပဌမေ အပ္ပီစ္ဆတံယေဝ နိဿာယာတိအာဒီသု ‘‘ဣတိ အပ္ပိစ္ဆော ဘဝိဿာမီ’’တိ ဣဒံ မေ အာရညိကင်္ဂံ အပ္ပိစ္ဆတာယ သံဝတ္တိဿတိ, ‘‘ဣတိ သန္တုဋ္ဌော ဘဝိဿာမီ’’တိ ဣဒံ မေ အာရညိကင်္ဂံ သန္တုဋ္ဌိယာ သံဝတ္တိဿတိ, ‘‘ဣတိ ကိလေသေ သလ္လိခိဿာမီ’’တိ ဣဒံ မေ အာရညိကင်္ဂံ ကိလေသသလ္လိခနတ္ထာယ သံဝတ္တိဿတီတိ အာရညိကော ဟောတိ. အဂ္ဂေါတိ ဇေဋ္ဌကော. သေသာနိ တဿေဝ ဝေဝစနာနိ.

181. In the first sutta of the fourth chapter, in the passage beginning 'relying on fewness of wishes': one becomes a forest-dweller thinking: '"Thus I will have few wishes"—this ascetic practice of forest-dwelling of mine will conduce to fewness of wishes'; '"Thus I will be content"—this ascetic practice of forest-dwelling of mine will conduce to contentment'; '"Thus I will scrape away the defilements"—this ascetic practice of forest-dwelling of mine will conduce to the scraping away of defilements.' 'Foremost' (aggo) means chief (jeṭṭhako). The rest are synonyms for it.

ဂဝါ ခီရန္တိ ဂါဝိတော ခီရံ နာမ ဟောတိ, န ဂါဝိယာ ဒဓိ. ခီရမှာ ဒဓီတိအာဒီသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော. ဧဝမေဝန္တိ ယထာ ဧတေသု ပဉ္စသု ဂေါရသေသု သပ္ပိမဏ္ဍော အဂ္ဂေါ, ဧဝမေဝံ ဣမေသု ပဉ္စသု အာရညိကေသု ယော အယံ အပ္ပိစ္ဆတာဒီနိ နိဿာယ အာရညိကော ဟောတိ, အယံ အဂ္ဂေါ စေဝ သေဋ္ဌော စ မောက္ခော စ ပဝရော စ. ဣမေသု အာရညိကေသု ဇာတိအာရညိကာ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ, န အာရညိကနာမမတ္တေန အာရညိကာတိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ. ပံသုကူလိကာဒီသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော.

'From a cow, milk' means that milk comes from a cow, not curd from a cow. The same principle applies to 'from milk, curd,' and so on. Just as, among these five cow-products, the cream of ghee is the foremost, so too, among these five kinds of forest-dwellers, the one who is a forest-dweller relying on fewness of wishes and so on is the foremost, the best, the chief, and the most excellent. Among these forest-dwellers, they should be known as genuine forest-dwellers, not as forest-dwellers in name only. The same principle applies to refuse-rag wearers and so on.

အာရညိကသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Sutta on the Forest Dweller is concluded.

အရညဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Forest Chapter is concluded.

(၂၀) ၅. ဗြာဟ္မဏဝဂ္ဂေါ

(20) 5. The Brahmin Chapter

၁. သောဏသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

1. Commentary on the Soṇa Sutta

၁၉၁. ပဉ္စမဿ ပဌမေ သမ္ပိယေနေဝါတိ အညမညပေမေနေဝ ကာယေန စ စိတ္တေန စ မိဿီဘူတာ သံဃဋ္ဋိတာ သံသဋ္ဌာ ဟုတွာ သံဝါသံ ဝတ္တေန္တိ, န အပ္ပိယေန နိဂ္ဂဟေန ဝါတိ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ပိယ’’န္တိအာဒိ. ဥဒရံ အဝဒိဟတိ ဥပစိနောတိ ပူရေတီတိ ဥဒရာဝဒေဟကံ. ဘာဝနပုံသကဉ္စေတံ, ဥဒရာဝဒေဟကံ ကတွာ ဥဒရံ ပူရေတွာတိ အတ္ထော. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဥဒရံ အဝဒိဟိတွာ’’တိအာဒိ.

191. In the first sutta of the fifth chapter, 'only affectionately' means: they dwell together having become mixed, joined, and united in body and mind only with mutual affection, not with dislike and censure. Thus it is said, 'affectionate,' etc. 'Udarāvadehakaṃ' means one who stuffs, heaps up, and fills the belly. And this is a neuter noun denoting an action; the meaning is 'having stuffed the belly full.' Thus it is said, 'having stuffed the belly,' etc.

သောဏသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Soṇa Sutta is finished.

၂. ဒေါဏဗြာဟ္မဏသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

2. Commentary on the Doṇa Sutta

၁၉၂. ဒုတိယေ [Pg.57] ပဝတ္တာရောတိ (ဒီ. နိ. ဋီ. ၁.၂၈၅) ပါဝစနဘာဝေန ဝတ္တာရော. ယသ္မာ တေ တေသံ မန္တာနံ ပဝတ္တနကာ, တသ္မာ အာဟ ‘‘ပဝတ္တယိတာရော’’တိ. သုဒ္ဒေ ဗဟိ ကတွာ ရဟောဘာသိတဗ္ဗဋ္ဌေန မန္တာ ဧဝ တံတံအတ္ထပ္ပဋိပတ္တိဟေတုတာယ မန္တပဒံ. အနုပနီတာသာဓာရဏတာယ ရဟဿဘာဝေန ဝတ္တဗ္ဗကိရိယာယ အဓိဂမူပါယံ. သဇ္ဈာယိတန္တိ ဂါယနဝသေန သဇ္ဈာယိတံ. တံ ပန ဥဒတ္တာနုဒတ္တာဒီနံ သရာနံ သမ္ပဒါဝသေနေဝ ဣစ္ဆိတန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘သရသမ္ပတ္တိဝသေနာ’’တိ. အညေသံ ဝုတ္တန္တိ ပါဝစနဘာဝေန အညေသံ ဝုတ္တံ. သမုပဗျူဠှန္တိ သင်္ဂဟေတွာ ဥပရူပရိ သညူဠှံ. ရာသိကတန္တိ ဣရုဝေဒယဇုဝေဒသာမဝေဒါဒိဝသေန, တတ္ထာပိ ပစ္စေကံ မန္တဗြဟ္မာဒိဝသေန, အဇ္ဈာယာနုဝါကာဒိဝသေန စ ရာသိကတံ. တေသန္တိ မန္တာနံ ကတ္တူနံ. ဒိဗ္ဗေန စက္ခုနာ ဩလောကေတွာတိ ဒိဗ္ဗစက္ခုပရိဘဏ္ဍေန ယထာကမ္မူပဂဉာဏေန သတ္တာနံ ကမ္မဿကတာဒိံ, ပစ္စက္ခတော ဒဿနဋ္ဌေန ဒိဗ္ဗစက္ခုသဒိသေန ပုဗ္ဗေနိဝါသဉာဏေန အတီတကပ္ပေ ဗြာဟ္မဏာနံ မန္တဇ္ဈေနဝိဓိဉ္စ ဩလောကေတွာ. ပါဝစနေန သဟ သံသန္ဒေတွာတိ ကဿပသမ္မာသမ္ဗုဒ္ဓဿ ယံ ဝစနံ ဝဋ္ဋသန္နိဿိတံ, တေန သဟ အဝိရုဒ္ဓံ ကတွာ. န ဟိ တေသံ ဝိဝဋ္ဋသန္နိဿိတော အတ္ထော ပစ္စက္ခော ဟောတိ. အပရာပရေတိ အဋ္ဌကာဒီဟိ အပရာပရေ ပစ္ဆိမာ ဩက္ကာကရာဇကာလာဒီသု ဥပ္ပန္နာ. ပက္ခိပိတွာတိ အဋ္ဌကာဒီဟိ ဂန္ထိတမန္တပဒေသု ကိလေသသန္နိဿိတပဒါနံ တတ္ထ တတ္ထ ပဒေ ပက္ခိပနံ ကတွာ. ဝိရုဒ္ဓေ အကံသူတိ ဗြာဟ္မဏဓမ္မိကသုတ္တာဒီသု (သု. နိ. ဗြာဟ္မဏဓမ္မိကသုတ္တံ ၂၈၆ အာဒယော) အာဂတနယေန သံကိလေသတ္ထဒီပနတော ပစ္စနီကဘူတေ အကံသု.

192. In the second sutta: 'Those who proclaim' means those who speak in the sense of proclaiming the teaching. Because they are the originators of those mantras, it is said, 'proclaimers.' Having excluded the Suddas, the mantra-verses themselves are the basis for the practice of this or that purpose, on account of having to be spoken in private. It is a means of attainment through the act of speaking what is secret, because it is not common to the uninitiated. 'Recited' means recited in the manner of chanting. But that is desired only by way of the perfection of the tones—high, low, etc.—hence it is said, 'by way of the perfection of tones.' 'Spoken by others' means spoken by others in the sense of a proclamation. 'Piled up' means collected and heaped one upon another. 'Arranged in collections' means made into collections by way of the Rigveda, Yajurveda, Sāmaveda, etc., and there too, separately by way of mantras, brāhmaṇas, etc., and by way of chapters, sections, etc. 'Of them' means of the composers of the mantras. 'Having surveyed with the divine eye' means: having surveyed with the knowledge of the passing away and reappearance of beings according to their kamma, which is an accessory of the divine eye, the ownership of kamma by beings, etc.; and with the knowledge of past lives, which is like the divine eye in the sense of seeing directly, having surveyed the method of studying the mantras of the brahmins in past eons. 'Having compared it with the teaching' means: having made it consistent with the teaching of the Perfectly Self-Enlightened One Kassapa, which is concerned with the round of existence. For the meaning that transcends the round is not directly apparent to them. 'Later and later' means the subsequent ones who arose after Aṭṭhaka and others, in the time of Okkākarāja and so on. 'Inserted' means having inserted words connected with the defilements here and there in the verses of the mantras composed by Aṭṭhaka and others. 'They made them contradictory' means they made them opposed, because they explained a meaning connected with defilement, in the way that has come down in the Brāhmaṇadhammika Sutta and other discourses.

ဥသူနံ အသနကမ္မံ ဣဿတ္ထံ, ဓနုသိပ္ပေန ဇီဝိကာ. ဣဓ ပန ဣဿတ္ထံ ဝိယာတိ ဣဿတ္ထံ, သဗ္ဗအာဝုဓဇီဝိကာတိ အာဟ ‘‘ယောဓာဇီဝကမ္မေနာ’’တိ, အာဝုဓံ ဂဟေတွာ ဥပဋ္ဌာနကမ္မေနာတိ အတ္ထော. ရာဇပေါရိသံ နာမ ဝိနာ အာဝုဓေန ပေါရောဟေစ္စာမစ္စကမ္မာဒိရာဇကမ္မံ ကတွာ ရာဇုပဋ္ဌာနံ. သိပ္ပညတရေနာတိ ဂဟိတာဝသေသေန ဟတ္ထိအဿသိပ္ပာဒိနာ. ကုမာရဘာဝတော ပဘုတိ စရဏေန ကောမာရဗြဟ္မစရိယံ.

Archery (`issatthaṃ`) is the act of shooting arrows, a livelihood by the skill of the bow. Here, however, `issatthaṃ` means any livelihood by weapons; thus it is said, 'by the livelihood of a warrior,' the meaning of which is: by the work of service, having taken up a weapon. Royal service is service to the king by performing royal duties such as the work of a chaplain or minister, without weapons. 'By another skill' means by the remaining skills, such as the skill with elephants and horses. `Komārabrahmacariyaṃ` is the practice of the holy life from boyhood onwards.

ဥဒကံ ပါတေတွာ ဒေန္တီတိ ဒွါရေ ဌိတဿေဝ ဗြာဟ္မဏဿ ဟတ္ထေ ဥဒကံ အာသိဉ္စန္တာ ‘‘ဣဒံ တေ, ဗြာဟ္မဏ, ဘရိယံ ပေါသာပနတ္ထာယ ဒေမာ’’တိ ဝတွာ [Pg.58] ဒေန္တိ. ကသ္မာ ပန တေ ဧဝံ ဗြဟ္မစရိယံ စရိတွာပိ ဒါရံ ပရိယေသန္တိ, န ယာဝဇီဝံ ဗြဟ္မစာရိနော ဟောန္တီတိ? မိစ္ဆာဒိဋ္ဌိဝသေန. တေသဉှီ ဧဝံ ဒိဋ္ဌိ ဟောတိ ‘‘ယော ပုတ္တံ န ဥပ္ပာဒေတိ, သော ကုလဝံသစ္ဆေဒကရော ဟောတိ, တတော နိရယေ ပစ္စတီ’’တိ. စတ္တာရော ကိရ အဘာယိတဗ္ဗံ ဘာယန္တိ ဂဏ္ဍုပ္ပာဒကော, ကိကီ, ကောန္တိနီ, ဗြာဟ္မဏောတိ. ဂဏ္ဍုပ္ပာဒါ ကိရ မဟာပထဝိယာ ခယနဘယေန မတ္တဘောဇနာ ဟောန္တိ, န ဗဟုံ မတ္တိကံ ခါဒန္တိ. ကိကီ သကုဏိကာ အာကာသပတနဘယေန အဏ္ဍဿ ဥပရိ ဥတ္တာနာ သေတိ. ကောန္တိနီ သကုဏီ ပထဝီကမ္ပနဘယေန ပါဒေဟိ ဘူမိံ န သုဋ္ဌု အက္ကမတိ. ဗြာဟ္မဏာ ကုလဝံသူပစ္ဆေဒဘယေန ဒါရံ ပရိယေသန္တိ. အာဟု စေတ္ထ –

'Having poured water, they give' means: while the brahmin is standing at the door, they pour water into his hand and give, saying: 'This, brahmin, we give for the purpose of supporting a wife.' But why is it that, having practiced the holy life in this way, they still seek a wife and do not remain celibate for life? Because of wrong view. For they hold this view: 'One who does not beget a son becomes a destroyer of the family lineage, and on that account he is tormented in hell.' It is said that four beings fear what is not to be feared: the earthworm, the blue jay, the curlew, and the brahmin. Earthworms, it is said, fearing the depletion of the great earth, are moderate in eating and do not consume much soil. The blue jay, a bird, fearing that the sky might fall, lies on its back on top of its eggs. The curlew, a bird, fearing that the earth might quake, does not tread firmly on the ground with its feet. Brahmins, fearing the cutting off of their family lineage, seek a wife. And it is said on this matter:

‘‘ဂဏ္ဍုပ္ပာဒေါ ကိကီ စေဝ, ကောန္တီ ဗြာဟ္မဏဓမ္မိကော;

ဧတေ အဘယံ ဘာယန္တိ, သမ္မူဠှာ စတုရော ဇနာ’’တိ. (သု. နိ. အဋ္ဌ. ၂.၂၉၃);

"The earthworm, the blue jay, the curlew, and the pious brahmin: these four deluded beings fear what is not to be feared."

သေသမေတ္ထ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

The rest here is clear.

ဒေါဏဗြာဟ္မဏသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Doṇa Sutta is finished.

၃. သင်္ဂါရဝသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

3. Commentary on the Saṅgārava Sutta

၁၉၃. တတိယေ (သံ. နိ. ဋီ. ၂.၅.၂၃၆) ပဌမညေဝါတိ ပုရေတရံယေဝ, အသဇ္ဈာယကတာနံ မန္တာနံ အပ္ပဋိဘာနံ ပဂေဝ ပဌမံယေဝ သိဒ္ဓံ, တတ္ထ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗမေဝ နတ္ထီတိ အဓိပ္ပာယော. ပရိယုဋ္ဌာနံ နာမ အဘိဘဝေါ ဂဟဏန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘ကာမရာဂပရိယုဋ္ဌိတေနာတိ ကာမရာဂဂ္ဂဟိတေနာ’’တိ. ဝိက္ခမ္ဘေတိ အပနေတီတိ ဝိက္ခမ္ဘနံ, ပဋိပက္ခတော နိဿရတိ ဧတေနာတိ နိဿရဏံ. ဝိက္ခမ္ဘနဉ္စ တံ နိဿရဏဉ္စာတိ ဝိက္ခမ္ဘနနိဿရဏံ. တေနာဟ ‘‘တတ္ထာ’’တိအာဒိ. သေသပဒဒွယေပိ ဧသေဝ နယော. အတ္တနာ အရဏီယော ပတ္တဗ္ဗော အတ္ထော အတ္တတ္ထော. တထာ ပရတ္ထော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော.

193. In the third sutta, the words 'paṭhamaññeva' mean "even earlier" (puretaraṃyeva). For those who do not recite the mantras, their lack of understanding is established from the very beginning; the meaning is that there is nothing to be said about that. 'Pariyuṭṭhāna' means obsession, a seizing. Thus it is said: 'kāmarāgapariyuṭṭhitena' means "seized by sensual lust." One suppresses (vikkhambheti), that is, one removes; hence 'vikkhambhana,' "suppression." One escapes (nissarati) from the opposite; hence 'nissaraṇa,' "escape." Suppression which is an escape is 'vikkhambhananissaraṇa.' Hence it is said, "there," and so on. The same principle applies to the other two terms. 'Attattho' (one's own welfare) is the goal (attho) to be attained (pattabbo) by oneself (attanā). 'Parattho' (the welfare of others) should be understood in the same way.

‘‘အနိစ္စတော အနုပဿန္တော နိစ္စသညံ ပဇဟတီ’’တိအာဒီသု (ပဋိ. မ. ၁.၅၂) ဗျာပါဒါဒီနံ အနာဂတတ္တာ ဗျာပါဒဝါရေ တဒင်္ဂနိဿရဏံ န ဂဟိတံ. ကိဉ္စာပိ န ဂဟိတံ, ပဋိသင်္ခါနဝသေန တဿ ဝိနောဒေတဗ္ဗတာယ တဒင်္ဂနိဿရဏမ္ပိ လဗ္ဘတေဝါတိ သက္ကာ ဝိညာတုံ. အာလောကသညာ ဥပစာရပ္ပတ္တာ ဝါ အပ္ပနာပ္ပတ္တာ [Pg.59] ဝါ. ယော ကောစိ ကသိဏဇ္ဈာနာဒိဘေဒေါ သမထော. ဓမ္မဝဝတ္ထာနံ ဥပစာရပ္ပနာပ္ပတ္တဝသေန ဂဟေတဗ္ဗံ.

In such passages as: “Contemplating as impermanent, one abandons the perception of permanence” (Paṭisambhidāmagga 1.52), since ill will and so on have not come up for discussion, in the section on ill will the escape by substitution of opposites is not included. Although it is not included, it can be understood that since this state is to be dispelled by way of reflection, the escape by substitution of opposites can still be obtained. The perception of light may have reached either access concentration or absorption concentration. Serenity is any kind of meditation such as the various kasiṇa absorptions. The determination of phenomena should be understood by way of reaching either access or absorption.

ကုဓိတောတိ တတ္တော. ဥဿူရကဇာတောတိ တဿေဝ ကုဓိတဘာဝဿ ဥဿူရကံ အစ္စုဏှတံ ပတ္တော. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဥသုမကဇာတော’’တိ. တိလဗီဇကာဒိဘေဒေနာတိ တိလဗီဇကဏ္ဏိကကေသရာဒိဘေဒေန သေဝါလေန. ပဏကေနာတိ ဥဒကပိစ္ဆိလ္လေန. အပ္ပသန္နော အာကုလတာယ. အသန္နိသိန္နော ကလလုပ္ပတ္တိယာ. အနာလောကဋ္ဌာနေတိ အာလောကရဟိတေ ဌာနေ.

'Kudhito' means heated (tatto). 'Ussūrakajāto' means having reached a state of extreme heat, the burning heat of that very heated state. Hence it is said, 'usumakajāto' (having become steamy). 'Tilabījakādibhedena' means with various kinds of water-plants such as those resembling sesame seeds, flower-buds, and filaments. 'Paṇakena' means with water-slime. 'Appasanno' (unclear) is due to turbidity. 'Asannisinno' (not settled) is due to the arising of mud. 'Anālokaṭṭhāne' means in a place devoid of light.

သင်္ဂါရဝသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Saṅgārava Sutta is concluded.

၄. ကာရဏပါလီသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

4. Commentary on the Kāraṇapālī Sutta

၁၉၄. စတုတ္ထေ ပဏ္ဍိတော မညေတိ ဧတ္ထ မညေတိ ဣဒံ ‘‘မညတီ’’တိ ဣမိနာ သမာနတ္ထံ နိပါတပဒံ. တဿ ဣတိ-သဒ္ဒံ အာနေတွာ အတ္ထံ ဒဿေန္တော ‘‘ပဏ္ဍိတောတိ မညတီ’’တိ အာဟ. အနုမတိပုစ္ဆာဝသေန စေတံ ဝုတ္တံ. တေနေဝါဟ ‘‘ဥဒါဟု နော’’တိ. ‘‘တံ ကိံ မညတိ ဘဝံ ပိင်္ဂိယာနီ သမဏဿ ဂေါတမဿ ပညာဝေယျတ္တိယ’’န္တိ ဝုတ္တမေဝတ္ထံ ပုန ဂဏှန္တော ‘‘ပဏ္ဍိတော မညေ’’တိ အာဟ, တသ္မာ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘ဘဝံ ပိင်္ဂိယာနီ သမဏံ ဂေါတမံ ပဏ္ဍိတောတိ မညတိ ဥဒါဟု နော’’တိ, ယထာ တေ ခမေယျ, တထာ နံ ကထေဟီတိ အဓိပ္ပာယော. အဟံ ကော နာမ, မမ အဝိသယော ဧသောတိ ဒဿေတိ. ကော စာတိ ဟေတုနိဿက္ကေ ပစ္စတ္တဝစနန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘ကုတော စာ’’တိ. တထာ စာဟ ‘‘ကေန ကာရဏေန ဇာနိဿာမီ’’တိ, ယေန ကာရဏေန သမဏဿ ဂေါတမဿ ပညာဝေယျတ္တိယံ ဇာနေယျံ, တံ ကာရဏံ မယိ နတ္ထီတိ အဓိပ္ပာယော. ဗုဒ္ဓေါယေဝ ဘဝေယျ အဗုဒ္ဓဿ သဗ္ဗထာ ဗုဒ္ဓဉာဏာနုဘာဝံ ဇာနိတုံ အသက္ကုဏေယျတ္တာတိ. ဝုတ္တဉှေတံ – ‘‘အပ္ပမတ္တကံ ပနေတံ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, ဩရမတ္တကံ သီလမတ္တကံ, ယေန ပုထုဇ္ဇနော တထာဂတဿ ဝဏ္ဏံ ဝဒမာနော ဝဒေယျ (ဒီ. နိ. ၁.၇). အတ္ထိ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, အညေဝ ဓမ္မာ ဂမ္ဘီရာ ဒုဒ္ဒသာ ဒုရနုဗောဓာ…ပေ… ယေဟိ တထာဂတဿ ယထာဘူတံ ဝဏ္ဏံ သမ္မာ ဝဒမာနော ဝဒေယျာ’’တိ (ဒီ. နိ. ၁.၂၈) စ. ဧတ္ထာတိ ‘‘သောပိ နူနဿ တာဒိသော’’တိ ဧတသ္မိံ ပဒေ.

194. In the fourth, in the phrase ‘paṇḍito maññeti’ (he thinks him wise), the word ‘maññeti’ is a particle with the same meaning as ‘maññati’. To show its meaning, bringing in the word ‘iti’, the commentator says: ‘paṇḍito iti maññati’ (he thinks, “He is wise”). This is said by way of asking for agreement, which is why he says, “or not?” Taking up again the meaning of what was said—“What does the venerable Piṅgiyāni think of the recluse Gotama’s wisdom and competence?”—he says, “I think he is wise.” Therefore it is said: “Does the venerable Piṅgiyāni think the recluse Gotama is wise, or not?” The meaning is: “Speak of him in whatever way seems fit to you.” He indicates: “Who am I? This is beyond my scope.” The phrase ‘ko ca’ (and who?) is a term in the singular expressing a reason; thus he says ‘kuto ca’ (and from what cause?). Thus he says: “By what reason would I know?” The meaning is: “The reason by which I might know the recluse Gotama’s wisdom and competence does not exist in me.” For it must be a Buddha, since it is entirely impossible for a non-Buddha to know the power of a Buddha’s knowledge. For this has been said: “This, monks, is a trifling, insignificant matter, a mere matter of virtue, with which a worldling praising the Tathāgata might speak” (DN 1.7). And: “There are, monks, other things, deep, difficult to see, difficult to understand… with which one rightly praising the Tathāgata might speak of him as he really is” (DN 1.28). “Here” refers to the phrase: “He too, surely, must be like that.”

ပသတ္ထပ္ပသတ္ထောတိ [Pg.60] ပသတ္ထေဟိ ပါသံသေဟိ အတ္တနော ဂုဏေဟေဝ သော ပသတ္ထော, န တဿ ကိတ္တိနာ, ပသံသာသဘာဝေနေဝ ပါသံသောတိ အတ္ထော. တေနာဟ ‘‘သဗ္ဗဂုဏာန’’န္တိအာဒိ. မဏိရတနန္တိ စက္ကဝတ္တိနော မဏိရတနံ.

‘Pasatthappasattho’ (praised by the praiseworthy) means: he is praised by the praiseworthy, by those who are themselves praiseworthy, on account of his own virtues, not on account of his fame. The meaning is that he is praiseworthy by the very nature of praise. Hence it is said, “of all virtues,” and so on. ‘Maṇiratana’ (the jewel) means the wheel-turning monarch’s jewel.

သဒေဝကေ ပါသံသာနမ္ပိ ပါသံသောတိ ဒဿေတုံ ‘‘ပသတ္ထေဟိ ဝါ’’တိ ဒုတိယဝိကပ္ပော ဂဟိတော. အရဏီယတော အတ္ထော, သော ဧဝ ဝသတီတိ ဝသောတိ အတ္ထဝသော. တဿ တဿ ပယောဂဿ အာနိသံသဘူတံ ဖလန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘အတ္ထဝသန္တိ အတ္ထာနိသံသ’’န္တိ. အတ္ထော ဝါ ဖလံ တဒဓီနဝုတ္တိတာယ ဝသော ဧတဿာတိ အတ္ထဝသော, ကာရဏံ.

To show that he is praiseworthy even to the praiseworthy in the world with its gods, the second alternative, “or by the praiseworthy,” is taken. ‘Atthavaso’: ‘attho’ is the goal, since it is to be attained; ‘vaso’ is power, because one has power over it. He says ‘atthavasaṃ’ means ‘atthānisaṃsaṃ’ (the benefit of the goal), which is the fruit that is the benefit of this or that endeavor. Alternatively, ‘attho’ is the goal or fruit; ‘vaso’ is power, because one's state is dependent on it. Thus ‘atthavaso’ means the reason.

ခုဒ္ဒကမဓူတိ ခုဒ္ဒကမက္ခိကာဟိ ကတဒဏ္ဍကမဓု. အနေဠကန္တိ နိဒ္ဒေါသံ အပဂတမက္ခိကဏ္ဍကံ.

‘Khuddakamadhu’ (small honey) is stick-honey made by small bees. ‘Aneḷakaṃ’ means faultless, free from bee larvae and fragments.

ဥဒါဟရီယတိ ဥဗ္ဗေဂပီတိဝသေနာတိ ဥဒါနံ, တထာ ဝါ ဥဒါဟရဏံ ဥဒါနံ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဥဒါဟာရံ ဥဒါဟရီ’’တိ. ယထာ ပန တံ ဝစနံ ဥဒါနန္တိ ဝုစ္စတိ, တံ ဒဿေတုံ ‘‘ယထာ ဟီ’’တိအာဒိ ဝုတ္တံ. သေသံ သုဝိညေယျမေဝ.

An ‘udāna’ is so called because it is uttered out of overwhelming joy. Or, an utterance (‘udāharaṇaṃ’) is an ‘udāna’. Hence it is said: “he uttered an utterance” (‘udāhāraṃ udāharī’). To show how that statement is called an ‘udāna’, the words “just as,” and so on, were said. The rest is easily understood.

ကာရဏပါလီသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Kāraṇapālī Sutta is concluded.

၅. ပိင်္ဂိယာနီသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

5. Commentary on the Piṅgiyāni Sutta

၁၉၅. ပဉ္စမေ သဗ္ဗသင်္ဂါဟိကန္တိ သရီရဂတဿ စေဝ ဝတ္ထာလင်္ကာရဂတဿ စာတိ သဗ္ဗဿ နီလဘာဝဿ သင်္ဂါဟကဝစနံ. တဿေဝါတိ နီလာဒိသဗ္ဗသင်္ဂါဟိကဝသေန ဝုတ္တအတ္ထဿေဝ. ဝိဘာဂဒဿနန္တိ ပဘေဒဒဿနံ. ယထာ တေ လိစ္ဆဝိရာဇာနော အပီတာဒိဝဏ္ဏာ ဧဝ ကေစိ ကေစိ ဝိလေပနဝသေန ပီတာဒိဝဏ္ဏာ ခါယိံသု, ဧဝံ အနီလာဒိဝဏ္ဏာ ဧဝ ကေစိ ဝိလေပနဝသေန နီလာဒိဝဏ္ဏာ ခါယိံသု. တေ ကိရ သုဝဏ္ဏဝိစိတ္တေဟိ မဏိဩဘာသေဟိ ဧကနီလာ ဝိယ ခါယန္တိ.

195. In the fifth, “all-encompassing” refers to an expression encompassing all blueness, both that pertaining to the body and that pertaining to ornaments. “Of that very” refers to the meaning that has been stated in terms of encompassing all such as blue, etc. “Showing the distinction” means showing the divisions. Just as those Licchavi kings, although not of yellow colour, appeared of yellow colour due to ointments, so too, although not of blue colour, some appeared of blue colour due to ointments. It is said that they appeared uniformly blue due to the brilliance of gold ornamentation and jewels.

ကောကနဒန္တိ ဝါ ပဒုမဝိသေသနံ ယထာ ‘‘ကောကာသက’’န္တိ. တံ ကိရ ဗဟုပတ္တံ ဝဏ္ဏသမ္ပန္နံ အတိဝိယ သုဂန္ဓဉ္စ ဟောတိ. အယဉှေတ္ထ အတ္ထော – ယထာ [Pg.61] ကောကနဒသင်္ခါတံ ပဒုမံ ပါတော သူရိယုဂ္ဂမနဝေလာယ ဖုလ္လံ ဝိကသိတံ အဝီတဂန္ဓံ သိယာ ဝိရောစမာနံ, ဧဝံ သရီရဂန္ဓေန ဂုဏဂန္ဓေန စ သုဂန္ဓံ, သရဒကာလေ အန္တလိက္ခေ အာဒိစ္စမိဝ အတ္တနော တေဇသာ တပန္တံ, အင်္ဂေဟိ နိစ္ဆရန္တဇုတိတာယ အင်္ဂီရသံ သမ္ဗုဒ္ဓံ ပဿာတိ.

“Kokanada,” or “kokāsaka,” is a specific kind of lotus. It is said to have many petals, excellent color, and a very pleasant fragrance. The meaning here is this: just as the lotus called “kokanada” blooms in the morning at sunrise, fully open, with unfading fragrance, and radiant, so too the Sambuddha, fragrant with bodily scent and the fragrance of virtues, shining like the autumn sun in the sky with his own radiance, Aṅgīrasa with light emanating from his limbs, is seen.

ပိင်္ဂိယာနီသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Piṅgiyāni Sutta is finished.

၆. မဟာသုပိနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

6. Commentary on the Mahāsupina Sutta

၁၉၆. ဆဋ္ဌေ ဓာတုက္ခောဘကရဏပစ္စယော နာမ ဝိသဘာဂဘေသဇ္ဇသေနာသနာဟာရာဒိပစ္စယော. အတ္ထကာမတာယ ဝါ အနတ္ထကာမတာယ ဝါတိ ပသန္နာ အတ္ထကာမတာယ, ကုဒ္ဓါ အနတ္ထကာမတာယ. အတ္ထာယ ဝါ အနတ္ထာယ ဝါတိ သဘာဝတော ဘဝိတဗ္ဗာယ အတ္ထာယ ဝါ အနတ္ထာယ ဝါ. ဥပသံဟရန္တီတိ အတ္တနော ဒေဝါနုဘာဝေန ဥပနေန္တိ. ဗောဓိသတ္တမာတာ ဝိယ ပုတ္တပဋိလာဘနိမိတ္တန္တိ တဒါ ကိရ ပုရေ ပုဏ္ဏမာယ သတ္တမဒိဝသတော ပဋ္ဌာယ ဝိဂတသုရာပါနံ မာလာဂန္ဓာဒိဝိဘူတိသမ္ပန္နံ နက္ခတ္တကီဠံ အနုဘဝမာနာ ဗောဓိသတ္တမာတာ သတ္တမေ ဒိဝသေ ပါတောဝ ဥဋ္ဌာယ ဂန္ဓောဒကေန နဟာယိတွာ သဗ္ဗာလင်္ကာရဘူသိတာ ဝရဘောဇနံ ဘုဉ္ဇိတွာ ဥပေါသထင်္ဂါနိ အဓိဋ္ဌာယ သိရိဂဗ္ဘံ ပဝိသိတွာ သိရိသယနေ နိပန္နာ နိဒ္ဒံ ဩက္ကမမာနာ ဣမံ သုပိနံ အဒ္ဒသ – စတ္တာရော ကိရ နံ မဟာရာဇာနော သယနေနေဝ သဒ္ဓိံ ဥက္ခိပိတွာ အနောတတ္တဒဟံ နေတွာ နဟာပေတွာ ဒိဗ္ဗဝတ္ထံ နိဝါသေတွာ ဒိဗ္ဗဂန္ဓေဟိ ဝိလိမ္ပေတွာ ဒိဗ္ဗပုပ္ဖာနိ ပိဠန္ဓေတွာ တတော အဝိဒူရေ ရဇတပဗ္ဗတော, တဿ အန္တော ကနကဝိမာနံ အတ္ထိ, တသ္မိံ ပါစီနတော သီသံ ကတွာ နိပဇ္ဇာပေသုံ. အထ ဗောဓိသတ္တော သေတဝရဝါရဏော ဟုတွာ တတော အဝိဒူရေ ဧကော သုဝဏ္ဏပဗ္ဗတော, တတ္ထ စရိတွာ တတော ဩရုယှ ရဇတပဗ္ဗတံ အာရုဟိတွာ ကနကဝိမာနံ ပဝိသိတွာ မာတရံ ပဒက္ခိဏံ ကတွာ ဒက္ခိဏပဿံ ဖာလေတွာ ကုစ္ဆိံ ပဝိဋ္ဌသဒိသော အဟောသိ. ဣမံ သုပိနံ သန္ဓာယ ဧတံ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘ဗောဓိသတ္တမာတာ ဝိယ ပုတ္တပဋိလာဘနိမိတ္တ’’န္တိ.

196. In the sixth, the condition that causes disturbance of the elements is the condition of incompatible medicine, lodging, food, and so on. It arises either from a desire for benefit or a desire for harm—the pleased act from a desire for benefit, while the angry act from a desire for harm. It may be for benefit or harm—this should be understood as for benefit or harm according to its nature. “They bring it forth” means they present it through their own divine power. “Like the mother of the Bodhisatta, as a sign of obtaining a son”—at that time, it is said, in the past, from the seventh day before the full moon, the mother of the Bodhisatta, having abstained from intoxicants, and replete with garlands, perfumes, and other ornaments, enjoyed festive celebrations. On the seventh day, she rose early in the morning, bathed in scented water, adorned herself with all ornaments, ate excellent food, observed the Uposatha precepts, entered her auspicious chamber, lay down on an auspicious bed, and as she was falling asleep, she saw this dream: Four great kings, it is said, lifted her up along with her bed, took her to Lake Anotatta, bathed her, clothed her in divine garments, anointed her with divine perfumes, adorned her with divine flowers, and then, not far away, there was a silver mountain. Inside it was a golden mansion. There, they laid her down with her head to the east. Then the Bodhisatta, in the form of a magnificent white elephant, having wandered on a nearby golden mountain, descended from there, then climbed the silver mountain, entered the golden mansion, circumambulated his mother, split her right side, and was as if entering her womb. With reference to this dream, it was said: “like the mother of the Bodhisatta, a sign of obtaining a son.”

ကောသလရာဇာ [Pg.62] ဝိယ သောဠသ သုပိနေတိ –

Like the king of Kosala, he saw sixteen dreams:

‘‘ဥသဘာ ရုက္ခာ ဂါဝိယော ဂဝါ စ,အဿော ကံသော သိင်္ဂါလီ စ ကုမ္ဘော;

ပေါက္ခရဏီ စ အပါကစန္ဒနံ,လာဗူနိ သီဒန္တိ သိလာပ္လဝန္တိ.

“Bulls, trees, cows and calves, a horse, a bowl, a she-jackal and a jar, a pond and raw sandalwood, gourds sink, stones float.

‘‘မဏ္ဍူကိယော ကဏှသပ္ပေ ဂိလန္တိ,ကာကံ သုဝဏ္ဏာ ပရိဝါရယန္တိ;

တသာ ဝကာ ဧဠကာနံ ဘယာ ဟီ’’တိ. (ဇာ. ၁.၁.၇၇) –

“Female frogs swallow black snakes, golden swans surround a crow; timid wolves fear goats.”

ဣမေ သောဠသ သုပိနေ ပဿန္တော ကောသလရာဇာ ဝိယ.

Like the king of Kosala seeing these sixteen dreams.

၁. ဧကဒိဝသံ ကိရ ကောသလမဟာရာဇာ ရတ္တိံ နိဒ္ဒူပဂတော ပစ္ဆိမယာမေ သောဠသ မဟာသုပိနေ ပဿိ (ဇာ. အဋ္ဌ. ၁.၁.၇၆ မဟာသုပိနဇာတကဝဏ္ဏနာ). တတ္ထ စတ္တာရော အဉ္ဇနဝဏ္ဏာ ကာဠဥသဘာ ‘‘ယုဇ္ဈိဿာမာ’’တိ စတူဟိ ဒိသာဟိ ရာဇင်္ဂဏံ အာဂန္တွာ ‘‘ဥသဘယုဒ္ဓံ ပဿိဿာမာ’’တိ မဟာဇနေ သန္နိပတိတေ ယုဇ္ဈနာကာရံ ဒဿေတွာ နဒိတွာ ဂဇ္ဇိတွာ အယုဇ္ဈိတွာဝ ပဋိက္ကန္တာ. ဣမံ ပဌမံ သုပိနံ အဒ္ဒသ.

1. One day, it is said, the great king of Kosala, having fallen asleep at night, in the last watch saw sixteen great dreams (Jā. aṭṭha. 1.1.76 Mahāsupinajātakavaṇṇanā). Therein, four black bulls the color of collyrium, saying “We will fight,” came from the four directions to the royal courtyard. When a great crowd had gathered, thinking “We will see the bullfight,” they displayed the manner of fighting, roared, and bellowed, but without actually fighting, they turned back. This was the first dream he saw.

၂. ခုဒ္ဒကာ ရုက္ခာ စေဝ ဂစ္ဆာ စ ပထဝိံ ဘိန္ဒိတွာ ဝိဒတ္ထိမတ္တမ္ပိ ရတနမတ္တမ္ပိ အနုဂ္ဂန္တွာဝ ပုပ္ဖန္တိ စေဝ ဖလန္တိ စ. ဣမံ ဒုတိယံ အဒ္ဒသ.

2. He saw small trees and shrubs breaking through the earth and, having grown not even a span or a cubit, flowering and bearing fruit. This was the second dream he saw.

၃. ဂါဝိယော တဒဟုဇာတာနံ ဝစ္ဆာနံ ခီရံ ပိဝန္တိယော အဒ္ဒသ. အယံ တတိယော သုပိနော.

3. He saw cows drinking milk from calves born that very day. This was the third dream.

၄. ဓုရဝါဟေ အာရောဟပရိဏာဟသမ္ပန္နေ မဟာဂေါဏေ ယုဂပရမ္ပရာယ အယောဇေတွာ တရုဏေ ဂေါဒမ္မေ ဓုရေ ယောဇေန္တေ အဒ္ဒသ. တေ ဓုရံ ဝဟိတုံ အသက္ကောန္တာ ဆဍ္ဍေတွာ အဋ္ဌံသု, သကဋာနိ နပ္ပဝတ္တိံသု. အယံ စတုတ္ထော သုပိနော.

4. He saw that instead of yoking in succession the great bulls, accustomed to the yoke and endowed with height and girth, they yoked young, untrained bullocks to the pole. Unable to bear the yoke, they threw it off and stood still; the carts did not move. This was the fourth dream.

၅. ဧကံ ဥဘတောမုခံ အဿံ အဒ္ဒသ. တဿ ဥဘောသု ပဿေသု ယဝသံ ဒေန္တိ, သော ဒွီဟိပိ မုခေဟိ ခါဒတိ. အယံ ပဉ္စမော သုပိနော.

5. He saw a horse with a mouth at both ends. They gave it fodder on both sides, and it ate with both mouths. This was the fifth dream.

၆. မဟာဇနော [Pg.63] သတသဟဿဂ္ဃနိကံ သုဝဏ္ဏပါတိံ သမ္မဇ္ဇိတွာ ‘‘ဣဓ ပဿာဝံ ကရောဟီ’’တိ ဧကဿ ဇရသိင်္ဂါလဿ ဥပနာမေသိ. တံ တတ္ထ ပဿာဝံ ကရောန္တံ အဒ္ဒသ. အယံ ဆဋ္ဌော သုပိနော.

6. He saw a golden bowl worth a hundred thousand, polished and presented by the people to an old jackal with the words, "Urinate here." He saw the jackal urinating in it. This was the sixth dream.

၇. ဧကော ပုရိသော ရဇ္ဇုံ ဝဋ္ဋေတွာ ပါဒမူလေ နိက္ခိပတိ. တေန နိသိန္နပီဌဿ ဟေဋ္ဌာ သယိတာ ဆာတသိင်္ဂါလီ တဿ အဇာနန္တဿေဝ တံ ခါဒတိ. ဣမံ သတ္တမံ သုပိနံ အဒ္ဒသ.

7. He saw a man coiling a rope and placing it at his feet. Beneath the man's seat, a hungry she-jackal, unbeknownst to him, was eating it. This was the seventh dream he saw.

၈. ရာဇဒွါရေ ဗဟူဟိ တုစ္ဆကုမ္ဘေဟိ ပရိဝါရေတွာ ဌပိတံ ဧကံ မဟန္တံ ပူရိတကုမ္ဘံ အဒ္ဒသ. စတ္တာရောပိ ပန ဝဏ္ဏာ စတူဟိ ဒိသာဟိ စတူဟိ အနုဒိသာဟိ စ ဃဋေဟိ ဥဒကံ အာနေတွာ ပူရိတကုမ္ဘမေဝ ပူရေန္တိ, ပူရိတံ ပူရိတံ ဥဒကံ ဥတ္တရိတွာ ပလာယတိ. တေပိ ပုနပ္ပုနံ တတ္ထေဝ ဥဒကံ အာသိဉ္စန္တိ, တုစ္ဆကုမ္ဘေ ဩလောကေန္တာပိ နတ္ထိ. အယံ အဋ္ဌမော သုပိနော.

8. At the palace gate, he saw a large, full pot placed and surrounded by many empty ones. People of all four castes brought water in pots from the four directions and the intermediate directions, filling only the full pot. The water, being filled again and again, overflowed and ran away, yet they repeatedly poured water into that very pot, not even looking at the empty pots. This was the eighth dream.

၉. ဧကံ ပဉ္စပဒုမသဉ္ဆန္နံ ဂမ္ဘီရံ သဗ္ဗတောတိတ္ထံ ပေါက္ခရဏိံ အဒ္ဒသ. သမန္တတော ဒွိပဒစတုပ္ပဒါ ဩတရိတွာ တတ္ထ ပါနီယံ ပိဝန္တိ. တဿ မဇ္ဈေ ဂမ္ဘီရဋ္ဌာနေ ဥဒကံ အာဝိလံ, တီရပ္ပဒေသေ ဒွိပဒစတုပ္ပဒါနံ အက္ကမနဋ္ဌာနေ အစ္ဆံ ဝိပ္ပသန္နမနာဝိလံ. အယံ နဝမော သုပိနော.

9. He saw a deep pond covered with five kinds of lotuses, with fords on all sides. From all around, two-footed and four-footed creatures went down and drank water there. In the middle, in the deepest part, the water was turbid, but near the shore, in the place where the two-footed and four-footed creatures stepped, it was clear, bright, and undisturbed. This was the ninth dream.

၁၀. ဧကိဿာယေဝ ကုမ္ဘိယာ ပစ္စမာနံ ဩဒနံ အပါကံ အဒ္ဒသ. ‘‘အပါက’’န္တိ ဝိစာရေတွာ ဝိဘဇိတွာ ဌပိတံ ဝိယ တီဟာကာရေဟိ ပစ္စမာနံ ဧကသ္မိံ ပဿေ အတိကိလိန္နော ဟောတိ, ဧကသ္မိံ ဥတ္တဏ္ဍုလော, ဧကသ္မိံ သုပက္ကောတိ. အယံ ဒသမော သုပိနော.

10. He saw rice being cooked in a single pot that was not properly cooked; it was as if it had been divided, cooking in three ways: in one part it was soggy, in another the grains were hard, and in another it was perfectly cooked. This was the tenth dream.

၁၁. သတသဟဿဂ္ဃနကံ စန္ဒနသာရံ ပူတိတက္ကေန ဝိက္ကိဏန္တေ အဒ္ဒသ. အယံ ဧကာဒသမော သုပိနော.

11. He saw heartwood of sandalwood worth a hundred thousand being sold for spoiled buttermilk. This was the eleventh dream.

၁၂. တုစ္ဆလာဗူနိ ဥဒကေ သီဒန္တာနိ အဒ္ဒသ. အယံ ဒွါဒသမော သုပိနော.

12. He saw hollow gourds sinking in the water. This was the twelfth dream.

၁၃. မဟန္တမဟန္တာ ကူဋာဂါရပ္ပမာဏာ ဃနသိလာ နာဝါ ဝိယ ဥဒကေ ပ္လဝမာနာ အဒ္ဒသ. အယံ တေရသမော သုပိနော.

13. He saw massive, solid boulders the size of gabled mansions floating on the water like boats. This was the thirteenth dream.

၁၄. ခုဒ္ဒကမဓုကပုပ္ဖပ္ပမာဏာ မဏ္ဍူကိယော မဟန္တေ ကဏှသပ္ပေ ဝေဂေန အနုဗန္ဓိတွာ ဥပ္ပလနာဠေ ဝိယ ဆိန္ဒိတွာ မံသံ ခါဒိတွာ ဂိလန္တိယော အဒ္ဒသ. အယံ စုဒ္ဒသမော သုပိနော.

14. He saw small female frogs, the size of small madhuka flowers, swiftly chasing large black snakes, severing them as if they were lotus stalks, and eating and swallowing their flesh. This was the fourteenth dream.

၁၅. ဒသဟိ [Pg.64] အသဒ္ဓမ္မေဟိ သမန္နာဂတံ ဂါမဂေါစရံ ကာကံ ကဉ္စနဝဏ္ဏဝဏ္ဏတာယ ‘‘သုဝဏ္ဏာ’’တိ လဒ္ဓနာမေ သုဝဏ္ဏရာဇဟံသေ ပရိဝါရေန္တေ အဒ္ဒသ. အယံ ပန္နရသမော သုပိနော.

15. He saw a village-frequenting crow, endowed with ten unwholesome qualities, being attended upon by royal golden swans, who had received the name 'Suvaṇṇa' on account of their golden color. This was the fifteenth dream.

၁၆. ပုဗ္ဗေ ဒီပိနော ဧဠကေ ခါဒန္တိ. တေ ပန ဧဠကေ ဒီပိနော အနုဗန္ဓိတွာ မုရမုရာတိ ခါဒန္တေ အဒ္ဒသ. အထညေ တသာ ဝကာ ဧဠကေ ဒူရတောဝ ဒိသွာ တသိတာ တာသပ္ပတ္တာ ဟုတွာ ဧဠကာနံ ဘယာ ပလာယိတွာ ဂုမ္ဗဂဟနာနိ ပဝိသိတွာ နိလီယိံသု. အယံ သောဠသမော သုပိနော.

16. Formerly, leopards would eat goats. But then he saw goats chasing those leopards and devouring them with a crunching sound. And other timid wolves, seeing the goats from afar, became terrified and overcome with fear, and fleeing in fear of the goats, they entered thickets and dense bushes and hid. This was the sixteenth dream.

၁. တတ္ထ အဓမ္မိကာနံ ရာဇူနံ, အဓမ္မိကာနဉ္စ မနုဿာနံ ကာလေ လောကေ ဝိပရိဝတ္တမာနေ ကုသလေ ဩသန္နေ အကုသလေ ဥဿန္နေ လောကဿ ပရိဟာနကာလေ ဒေဝေါ န သမ္မာ ဝသိဿတိ, မေဃပါဒါ ပစ္ဆိဇ္ဇိဿန္တိ, သဿာနိ မိလာယိဿန္တိ, ဒုဗ္ဘိက္ခံ ဘဝိဿတိ, ဝဿိတုကာမာ ဝိယ စတူဟိ ဒိသာဟိ မေဃာ ဥဋ္ဌဟိတွာ ဣတ္ထိကာဟိ အာတပေ ပတ္ထဋာနံ ဝီဟိအာဒီနံ တေမနဘယေန အန္တောပဝေသိတကာလေ ပုရိသေသု ကုဒါလပိဋကေ အာဒါယ အာဠိဗန္ဓနတ္ထာယ နိက္ခန္တေသု ဝဿနာကာရံ ဒဿေတွာ ဂဇ္ဇိတွာ ဝိဇ္ဇုလတာ နိစ္ဆာရေတွာ ဥသဘာ ဝိယ အယုဇ္ဈိတွာ အဝဿိတွာဝ ပလာယိဿန္တိ. အယံ ပဌမဿ ဝိပါကော.

1. In that case, in the time of unrighteous kings and unrighteous people, when the world is in upheaval, when the wholesome has declined and the unwholesome has arisen, in the time of the world's decay, the heavens will not rain properly, the rain clouds will be cut off, the crops will wither, and there will be a famine. As if wishing to rain, clouds will rise from the four directions, and at the time when women, fearing they will get wet, bring inside the rice and other grains that were spread in the sun, and when men go out with spades and baskets to build up the dikes, the clouds will show the appearance of raining, and having thundered and emitted lightning, having fought like bulls, they will flee without having rained at all. This is the result of the first dream.

၂. လောကဿ ပရိဟီနကာလေ မနုဿာနံ ပရိတ္တာယုကကာလေ သတ္တာ တိဗ္ဗရာဂါ ဘဝိဿန္တိ, အသမ္ပတ္တဝယာဝ ကုမာရိယော ပုရိသန္တရံ ဂန္တွာ ဥတုနိယော စေဝ ဂဗ္ဘိနိယော စ ဟုတွာ ပုတ္တဓီတာဟိ ဝဍ္ဎိဿန္တိ. ခုဒ္ဒကရုက္ခာနံ ပုပ္ဖံ ဝိယ ဟိ တာသံ ဥတုနိဘာဝေါ, ဖလံ ဝိယ စ ပုတ္တဓီတရော ဘဝိဿန္တိ. အယံ ဒုတိယဿ ဝိပါကော.

2. In the time of the world's decay, when the lifespan of humans is short, beings will be intensely lustful. Girls, before even reaching the proper age, will go to other men, and having become menstruous and pregnant, they will be augmented by sons and daughters. For their menstruation will be like the flower of a small tree, and their sons and daughters will be like the fruit. This is the result of the second dream.

၃. မနုဿာနံ ဇေဋ္ဌာပစာယိကကမ္မဿ နဋ္ဌကာလေ သတ္တာ မာတာပိတူသု ဝါ သဿုသသုရေသု ဝါ လဇ္ဇံ အနုပဋ္ဌပေတွာ သယမေဝ ကုဋုမ္ဗံ သံဝိဒဟန္တာဝ ဃာသစ္ဆာဒနမတ္တမ္ပိ မဟလ္လကာနံ ဒါတုကာမာ ဒဿန္တိ, အဒါတုကာမာ န ဒဿန္တိ. မဟလ္လကာ အနာထာ ဟုတွာ အသယံဝသီ ဒါရကေ အာရာဓေတွာ ဇီဝိဿန္တိ တဒဟုဇာတာနံ ဝစ္ဆကာနံ ခီရံ ပိဝန္တိယော မဟာဂါဝိယော ဝိယ. အယံ တတိယဿ ဝိပါကော.

3. When the practice of revering elders has disappeared among human beings, beings will not show respect toward their parents or parents-in-law. Managing the household themselves, they will give a mere measure of food and clothing to the elderly if they wish to give, but if they do not wish to give, they will not. The elderly, having become helpless and dependent, will have to live by gratifying the young, like great cows drinking the milk of their own newborn calves. This is the result of the third dream.

၄. အဓမ္မိကရာဇူနံ [Pg.65] ကာလေ အဓမ္မိကရာဇာနော ပဏ္ဍိတာနံ ပဝေဏိကုသလာနံ ကမ္မနိတ္ထရဏသမတ္ထာနံ မဟာမတ္တာနံ ယသံ န ဒဿန္တိ, ဓမ္မသဘာယံ ဝိနိစ္ဆယဋ္ဌာနေပိ ပဏ္ဍိတေ ဝေါဟာရကုသလေ မဟလ္လကေ အမစ္စေ န ဌပေဿန္တိ, တဗ္ဗိပရီတာနံ ပန တရုဏတရုဏာနံ ယသံ ဒဿန္တိ, တထာရူပေ ဧဝ စ ဝိနိစ္ဆယဋ္ဌာနေ ဌပေဿန္တိ. တေ ရာဇကမ္မာနိ စေဝ ယုတ္တာယုတ္တဉ္စ အဇာနန္တာ နေဝ တံ ယသံ ဥက္ခိပိတုံ သက္ခိဿန္တိ, န ရာဇကမ္မာနိ နိတ္ထရိတုံ. တေ အသက္ကောန္တာ ကမ္မဓုရံ ဆဍ္ဍေဿန္တိ, မဟလ္လကာပိ ပဏ္ဍိတာမစ္စာ ယသံ အလဘန္တာ ကိစ္စာနိ နိတ္ထရိတုံ သမတ္ထာပိ ‘‘ကိံ အမှာကံ ဧတေဟိ, မယံ ဗာဟိရကာ ဇာတာ, အဗ္ဘန္တရိကာ တရုဏဒါရကာ ဇာနိဿန္တီ’’တိ ဥပ္ပန္နာနိ ကမ္မာနိ န ကရိဿန္တိ. ဧဝံ သဗ္ဗထာပိ တေသံ ရာဇူနံ ဟာနိယေဝ ဘဝိဿတိ, ဓုရံ ဝဟိတုံ အသမတ္ထာနံ ဝစ္ဆဒမ္မာနံ ဓုရေ ယောဇိတကာလော ဝိယ ဒူရဝါဟာနဉ္စ မဟာဂေါဏာနံ ယုဂပရမ္ပရာယ အယောဇိတကာလော ဝိယ ဘဝိဿတိ. အယံ စတုတ္ထဿ ဝိပါကော.

4. In the time of unrighteous kings, unrighteous rulers will not grant honor to their great ministers who are wise, skilled in tradition, and capable of accomplishing tasks. In the hall of justice, they will not appoint wise, judicious, and elderly ministers to positions of judgment. Instead, they will grant honor to their opposites, the very young, and will appoint such persons to positions of judgment. Not knowing the duties of kingship nor what is proper and improper, they will be unable to uphold that honor or to accomplish the royal duties. Being unable, they will cast off the yoke of their work. And the elderly wise ministers, though capable of accomplishing their duties, will not receive honor and will think, 'What is this to us? We have become outsiders; the young boys on the inside will know.' Thus they will not perform the duties that arise. In every way, this will lead only to the decline of those kings. It will be like a time when young bullocks unable to bear the yoke are yoked to the pole, and when great draft oxen are left unyoked from the succession of yokes. This is the result of the fourth dream.

၅. အဓမ္မိကရာဇကာလေယေဝ အဓမ္မိကဗာလရာဇာနော အဓမ္မိကေ လောလမနုဿေ ဝိနိစ္ဆယေ ဌပေဿန္တိ, တေ ပါပပုညေသု အနာဒရာ ဗာလာ သဘာယံ နိသီဒိတွာ ဝိနိစ္ဆယံ ဒေန္တာ ဥဘိန္နမ္ပိ အတ္ထပစ္စတ္ထိကာနံ ဟတ္ထတော လဉ္ဇံ ဂဟေတွာ ခါဒိဿန္တိ အဿော ဝိယ ဒွီဟိ မုခေဟိ ယဝသံ. အယံ ပဉ္စမဿ ဝိပါကော.

5. In the time of unrighteous kings, foolish and unrighteous rulers will appoint unrighteous and greedy men to judicial posts. These foolish men, having no regard for demerit and merit, will sit in the assembly giving judgment and will take and devour bribes from the hands of both litigants, like a horse that eats fodder with both mouths. This is the result of the fifth dream.

၆. အဓမ္မိကာယေဝ ဝိဇာတိရာဇာနော ဇာတိသမ္ပန္နာနံ ကုလပုတ္တာနံ အာသင်္ကာယ ယသံ န ဒဿန္တိ, အကုလီနာနံယေဝ ဒဿန္တိ. ဧဝံ မဟာကုလာနိ ဒုဂ္ဂတာနိ ဘဝိဿန္တိ, လာမကကုလာနိ ဣဿရာနိ. တေ စ ကုလီနပုရိသာ ဇီဝိတုံ အသက္ကောန္တာ ‘‘ဣမေ နိဿာယ ဇီဝိဿာမာ’’တိ အကုလီနာနံ ဓီတရော ဒဿန္တိ, ဣတိ တာသံ ကုလဓီတာနံ အကုလီနေဟိ သဒ္ဓိံ သံဝါသော ဇရသိင်္ဂါလဿ သုဝဏ္ဏပါတိယံ ပဿာဝကရဏသဒိသော ဘဝိဿတိ. အယံ ဆဋ္ဌဿ ဝိပါကော.

6. Unrighteous kings of base birth, out of suspicion, will not grant honor to the well-born sons of good families but will grant it only to those of low birth. Thus great families will become impoverished, while base families will become powerful. Then the men of good birth, unable to support themselves, will give their daughters to those of low birth, thinking, 'We will live by depending on them.' Thus the cohabitation of these daughters of good families with men of low birth will be like an old jackal urinating into a golden bowl. This is the result of the sixth dream.

၇. ဂစ္ဆန္တေ ဂစ္ဆန္တေ ကာလေ ဣတ္ထိယော ပုရိသလောလာ သုရာလောလာ အလင်္ကာရလောလာ ဝိသိခါလောလာ အာမိသလောလာ ဘဝိဿန္တိ ဒုဿီလာ ဒုရာစာရာ. တာ သာမိကေဟိ ကသိဂေါရက္ခာဒီနိ ကမ္မာနိ ကတွာ ကိစ္ဆေန [Pg.66] ကသိရေန သမ္ဘတံ ဓနံ ဇာရေဟိ သဒ္ဓိံ သုရံ ပိဝန္တိယော မာလာဂန္ဓဝိလေပနံ ဓာရယမာနာ အန္တောဂေဟေ အစ္စာယိကမ္ပိ ကိစ္စံ အနောလောကေတွာ ဂေဟပရိက္ခေပဿ ဥပရိဘာဂေနပိ ဆိဒ္ဒဋ္ဌာနေဟိပိ ဇာရေ ဥပဓာရယမာနာ သွေ ဝပိတဗ္ဗယုတ္တကံ ဗီဇမ္ပိ ကောဋ္ဋေတွာ ယာဂုဘတ္တခဇ္ဇကာနိ ပစိတွာ ခါဒမာနာ ဝိလုမ္ပိဿန္တိ ဟေဋ္ဌာပီဌကေ နိပန္နဆာတသိင်္ဂါလီ ဝိယ ဝဋ္ဋေတွာ ဝဋ္ဋေတွာ ပါဒမူလေ နိက္ခိတ္တရဇ္ဇုံ. အယံ သတ္တမဿ ဝိပါကော.

7. As time goes on, women will become lustful for men, fond of liquor, fond of adornments, fond of gadding about, and greedy for material things; they will be immoral and ill-behaved. While their husbands toil at farming and cattle-herding, gathering wealth with difficulty and hardship, these women will drink liquor with their lovers, wear garlands, and use perfumes and unguents. They will neglect even urgent duties in the house, and watching for their lovers through openings in the house's enclosure, they will pound even the seed grain that should be sown the next day, cook gruel, rice, and savories, and eat them. They will thus plunder the household, just as a hungry she-jackal lying on a low stool might twist and turn a leather strap left at the foot of the bed. This is the result of the seventh dream.

၈. ဂစ္ဆန္တေ ဂစ္ဆန္တေ ကာလေ လောကော ပရိဟာယိဿတိ, ရဋ္ဌံ နိရောဇံ ဘဝိဿတိ, ရာဇာနော ဒုဂ္ဂတာ ကပဏာ ဘဝိဿန္တိ. ယော ဣဿရော ဘဝိဿတိ, တဿ ဘဏ္ဍာဂါရေ သတသဟဿမတ္တာ ဘဝိဿန္တိ. တေ ဧဝံဒုဂ္ဂတာ သဗ္ဗေ ဇာနပဒေ အတ္တနောဝ ကမ္မံ ကာရေဿန္တိ, ဥပဒ္ဒုတာ မနုဿာ သကေ ကမ္မန္တေ ဆဍ္ဍေတွာ ရာဇူနံယေဝ အတ္ထာယ ပုဗ္ဗဏ္ဏာပရဏ္ဏာနိ ဝပန္တာ ရက္ခန္တာ လာယန္တာ မဒ္ဒန္တာ ပဝေသေန္တာ ဥစ္ဆုက္ခေတ္တာနိ ကရောန္တာ ယန္တာနိ ဝါဟေန္တာ ဖာဏိတာဒီနိ ပစန္တာ ပုပ္ဖာရာမေ ဖလာရာမေ စ ကရောန္တာ တတ္ထ တတ္ထ နိပ္ဖန္နာနိ ပုဗ္ဗဏ္ဏာဒီနိ အာဟရိတွာ ရညော ကောဋ္ဌာဂါရမေဝ ပူရေဿန္တိ. အတ္တနော ဂေဟေသု တုစ္ဆကောဋ္ဌေ ဩလောကေန္တာပိ န ဘဝိဿန္တိ, တုစ္ဆကုမ္ဘေ အနောလောကေတွာ ပူရိတကုမ္ဘပူရဏသဒိသမေဝ ဘဝိဿတိ. အယံ အဋ္ဌမဿ ဝိပါကော.

8. As time goes on, the world will decline, the kingdom will become devoid of vigor, and kings will become poor and wretched. Whoever is the ruler will have only a hundred thousand in his treasury. Being so poor, they will make all the people of the countryside work for them. The afflicted people will have to abandon their own work and labor only for the sake of the kings: sowing and reaping early and late crops, guarding them, threshing them, and bringing them in; making sugarcane fields, operating the mills, and boiling molasses; and making flower gardens and fruit orchards. They will gather the various crops produced here and there and fill only the king's granaries. In their own houses, they will not even look at their empty granaries. Their work will be just like filling up a pot that is already full, while ignoring their own empty pots. This is the result of the eighth dream.

၉. ဂစ္ဆန္တေ ဂစ္ဆန္တေ ကာလေ ရာဇာနော အဓမ္မိကာ ဘဝိဿန္တိ, ဆန္ဒာဒိဝသေန အဂတိံ ဂစ္ဆန္တာ ရဇ္ဇံ ကာရေဿန္တိ, ဓမ္မေန ဝိနိစ္ဆယံ နာမ န ဒဿန္တိ လဉ္ဇဝိတ္တကာ ဘဝိဿန္တိ ဓနလောလာ, ရဋ္ဌဝါသိကေသု တေသံ ခန္တိမေတ္တာနုဒ္ဒယာ နာမ န ဘဝိဿန္တိ, ကက္ခဠာ ဖရုသာ ဥစ္ဆုယန္တေ ဥစ္ဆုဘဏ္ဍိကာ ဝိယ မနုဿေ ပီဠေန္တာ နာနပ္ပကာရံ ဗလိံ ဥပ္ပာဒေတွာ ဓနံ ဂဏှိဿန္တိ. မနုဿာ ဗလိပီဠိတာ ကိဉ္စိ ဒါတုံ အသက္ကောန္တာ ဂါမနိဂမာဒယော ဆဍ္ဍေတွာ ပစ္စန္တံ ဂန္တွာ ဝါသံ ကပ္ပေဿန္တိ. မဇ္ဈိမဇနပဒေါ သုညော ဘဝိဿတိ, ပစ္စန္တော ဃနဝါသော သေယျထာပိ ပေါက္ခရဏိယာ မဇ္ဈေ ဥဒကံ အာဝိလံ ပရိယန္တေ ဝိပ္ပသန္နံ. အယံ နဝမဿ ဝိပါကော.

9. As time goes on, kings will become unrighteous. They will rule by following the wrong courses, swayed by desire and other biases. They will not give judgment in accordance with the Dhamma but will be eager for bribes and greedy for wealth. They will have no patience, loving-kindness, or compassion for the inhabitants of their kingdom. They will be rough and harsh, and they will crush the people to extract wealth by imposing various kinds of taxes, just as one crushes a bundle of sugarcane in a press. Oppressed by taxes and unable to pay, the people will abandon their villages, towns, and so on, and will flee to the border regions to live. The central region of the country will become deserted, while the border regions will become densely populated, just like a pond that is turbid in the middle and clear at the edges. This is the result of the ninth dream.

၁၀. ဂစ္ဆန္တေ ဂစ္ဆန္တေ ကာလေ ရာဇာနော အဓမ္မိကာ ဘဝိဿန္တိ, တေသု အဓမ္မိကေသု ရာဇယုတ္တာပိ ဗြာဟ္မဏဂဟပတိကာပိ နေဂမဇာနပဒါပီတိ သမဏဗြာဟ္မဏေ [Pg.67] ဥပါဒါယ သဗ္ဗေ မနုဿာ အဓမ္မိကာ ဘဝိဿန္တိ. တတော တေသံ အာရက္ခဒေဝတာ, ဗလိပဋိဂ္ဂါဟိကဒေဝတာ, ရုက္ခဒေဝတာ, အာကာသဋ္ဌဒေဝတာတိ ဧဝံ ဒေဝတာပိ အဓမ္မိကာ ဘဝိဿန္တိ. အဓမ္မိကရာဇူနံ ရဇ္ဇေ ဝါတာ ဝိသမာ ခရာ ဝါယိဿန္တိ, တေ အာကာသဋ္ဌကဝိမာနာနိ ကမ္ပေဿန္တိ. တေသု ကမ္ပိတေသု ဒေဝတာ ကုပိတာ ဒေဝံ ဝဿိတုံ န ဒဿန္တိ. ဝဿမာနောပိ သကလရဋ္ဌေ ဧကပ္ပဟာရေနေဝ န ဝဿိဿတိ, ဝဿမာနောပိ သဗ္ဗတ္ထ ကသိကမ္မဿ ဝါ ဝပ္ပကမ္မဿ ဝါ ဥပကာရော ဟုတွာ န ဝဿိဿတိ. ယထာ စ ရဋ္ဌေ, ဧဝံ ဇနပဒေပိ ဂါမေပိ ဧကတဠာကသရေပိ ဧကပ္ပဟာရေန န ဝဿိဿတိ, တဠာကဿ ဥပရိဘာဂေ ဝဿန္တော ဟေဋ္ဌာဘာဂေ န ဝဿိဿတိ, ဟေဋ္ဌာ ဝဿန္တော ဥပရိ န ဝဿိဿတိ. ဧကသ္မိံ ဘာဂေ သဿံ အတိဝဿေန နဿိဿတိ, ဧကသ္မိံ အဝဿနေန မိလာယိဿတိ, ဧကသ္မိံ သမ္မာ ဝဿမာနော သမ္ပာဒေဿတိ. ဧဝံ ဧကဿ ရညော ရဇ္ဇေ ဝုတ္တသဿာ ဝိပါကော. တိပ္ပကာရာ ဘဝိဿန္တိ ဧကကုမ္ဘိယာ ဩဒနော ဝိယ. အယံ ဒသမဿ ဝိပါကော.

10. As time goes on, kings will become unrighteous. When the kings are unrighteous, the royal officials, brahmins, householders, and the people of the towns and countryside—all human beings, including ascetics and brahmins—will become unrighteous. Then their guardian deities, the deities who receive offerings, the tree deities, and the deities dwelling in space will also become unrighteous. In the realm of unrighteous kings, the winds will blow unevenly and fiercely, shaking the celestial mansions of the space-dwelling deities. When these are shaken, the deities will become angry and will not allow it to rain. When it does rain, it will not fall over the entire country at once, nor will it fall in a way that benefits agriculture and sowing everywhere. Just as in the country, so too in a district, a village, or even a single pond or lake, the rain will not fall all at once. If it rains on the upper part of a pond, it will not rain on the lower part; if it rains on the lower part, it will not rain on the upper part. In one area the crops will be ruined by too much rain; in another they will wither from lack of rain; in another they will be perfected by just the right amount of rain. Thus the crops sown in the realm of a single king will have a threefold outcome, like rice cooked in a single pot. This is the result of the tenth dream.

၁၁. ဂစ္ဆန္တေ ဂစ္ဆန္တေယေဝ ကာလေ သာသနေ ပရိဟာယန္တေ ပစ္စယလောလာ အလဇ္ဇိကာ ဗဟူ ဘိက္ခူ ဘဝိဿန္တိ. တေ ဘဂဝတာ ပစ္စယလောလုပ္ပံ နိမ္မထေတွာ ကထိတဓမ္မဒေသနံ စီဝရာဒိစတုပစ္စယဟေတု ပရေသံ ဒေသေဿန္တိ. ပစ္စယေဟိ မုစ္ဆိတွာ နိတ္ထရဏပက္ခေ ဌိတာ နိဗ္ဗာနာဘိမုခံ ကတွာ ဒေသေတုံ န သက္ခိဿန္တိ. ကေဝလံ ‘‘ပဒဗျဉ္ဇနသမ္ပတ္တိဉ္စေဝ မဓုရသဒ္ဒဉ္စ သုတွာ မဟဂ္ဃာနိ စီဝရာဒီနိ ဒဿန္တိ’’ဣစ္စေဝံ ဒေသေဿန္တိ. အပရေ အန္တရဝီထိစတုက္ကရာဇဒွါရာဒီသု နိသီဒိတွာ ကဟာပဏအဍ္ဎကဟာပဏပါဒမာသကရူပါဒီနိပိ နိဿာယ ဒေသေဿန္တိ. ဣတိ ဘဂဝတာ နိဗ္ဗာနဂ္ဃနကံ ကတွာ ဒေသိတံ ဓမ္မံ စတုပစ္စယတ္ထာယ စေဝ ကဟာပဏာဒိအတ္ထာယ စ ဝိက္ကိဏိတွာ ဒေသေန္တာ သတသဟဿဂ္ဃနကံ စန္ဒနသာရံ ပူတိတက္ကေန ဝိက္ကိဏန္တာ ဝိယ ဘဝိဿန္တိ. အယံ ဧကာဒသမဿ ဝိပါကော.

11. As time goes on and the Teaching declines, there will be many shameless bhikkhus who are greedy for requisites. For the sake of the four requisites, such as robes, they will teach to others the very Dhamma teaching spoken by the Blessed One for crushing greed for requisites. Infatuated by requisites, though they belong to the party of deliverance, they will be unable to teach with Nibbāna as their goal. They will teach only with the thought: 'Having heard our accomplishment in words and phrases and our sweet voices, people will give us expensive robes and other things.' Others will sit at crossroads, in the middle of streets, and at the king's gate, and teach the Dhamma in exchange for kahāpaṇas, half-kahāpaṇas, quarter-kahāpaṇas, māsakas, and other coins. Thus they will teach by selling the Dhamma—which was taught by the Blessed One as having the value of Nibbāna—for the sake of the four requisites and for the sake of coins. They will be like those who sell sandalwood core worth a hundred thousand for sour buttermilk. This is the result of the eleventh dream.

၁၂. အဓမ္မိကရာဇကာလေ လောကေ ဝိပရိဝတ္တန္တေယေဝ ရာဇာနော ဇာတိသမ္ပန္နာနံ ကုလပုတ္တာနံ ယသံ န ဒဿန္တိ, အကုလီနာနညေဝ ဒဿန္တိ. တေ ဣဿရာ ဘဝိဿန္တိ, ဣတရာ ဒလိဒ္ဒါ. ရာဇသမ္မုခေပိ ရာဇဒွါရေပိ အမစ္စသမ္မုခေပိ ဝိနိစ္ဆယဋ္ဌာနေပိ တုစ္ဆလာဗုသဒိသာနံ အကုလီနာနံယေဝ ကထာ ဩသီဒိတွာ ဌိတာ ဝိယ နိစ္စလာ သုပ္ပတိဋ္ဌိတာ ဘဝိဿတိ. သံဃသန္နိပါတေပိ သံဃကမ္မဂဏကမ္မဋ္ဌာနေသု [Pg.68] စေဝ ပတ္တစီဝရပရိဝေဏာဒိဝိနိစ္ဆယဋ္ဌာနေသု စ ဒုဿီလာနံ ပါပပုဂ္ဂလာနံယေဝ ကထာ နိယျာနိကာ ဘဝိဿတိ, န လဇ္ဇိဘိက္ခူနန္တိ ဧဝံ သဗ္ဗတ္ထာပိ တုစ္ဆလာဗူနံ သီဒနကာလော ဝိယ ဘဝိဿတိ. အယံ ဒွါဒသမဿ ဝိပါကော.

12. In a time of unrighteous kings, when the world is being overturned, kings will not grant honor to sons of good family endowed with high birth, but will grant it only to those of low birth. The latter will become influential, while the former will be impoverished. In the presence of the king, at the royal gate, in the presence of ministers, and in the courts of justice, the word of the low-born—who are like empty gourds—will sink in and stand firm, as if immovable and well-established. In the assembly of the Sangha, too, in places for formal acts of the Sangha and acts of a chapter, and in places for deciding matters concerning bowls, robes, monastic cells, and the like, the word of immoral, evil persons will be conclusive, not that of conscientious bhikkhus. Thus everywhere it will be like a time for the sinking of empty gourds. This is the result of the twelfth dream.

၁၃. တာဒိသေယေဝ ကာလေ အဓမ္မိကရာဇာနော အကုလီနာနံ ယသံ ဒဿန္တိ. တေ ဣဿရာ ဘဝိဿန္တိ, ကုလီနာ ဒုဂ္ဂတာ. တေသု န ကေစိ ဂါရဝံ ကရိဿန္တိ, ဣတရေသုယေဝ ကရိဿန္တိ. ရာဇသမ္မုခေ ဝါ အမစ္စသမ္မုခေ ဝါ ဝိနိစ္ဆယဋ္ဌာနေ ဝါ ဝိနိစ္ဆယကုသလာနံ ဃနသိလာသဒိသာနံ ကုလပုတ္တာနံ ကထာ န ဩဂါဟိတွာ ပတိဋ္ဌဟိဿတိ. တေသု ကထေန္တေသု ‘‘ကိံ ဣမေ ကထေန္တီ’’တိ ဣတရေ ပရိဟာသမေဝ ကရိဿန္တိ. ဘိက္ခုသန္နိပါတေပိ ဝုတ္တပ္ပကာရေသု ဌာနေသု နေဝ ပေသလေ ဘိက္ခူ ဂရုကာတဗ္ဗေ မညိဿန္တိ, နာပိ နေသံ ကထာ ပရိယောဂါဟိတွာ ပတိဋ္ဌဟိဿတိ, သိလာနံ ပ္လဝနကာလော ဝိယ ဘဝိဿတိ. အယံ တေရသမဿ ဝိပါကော.

13. In such a time, unrighteous kings will grant honor to the low-born. The latter will become influential, while the high-born will be wretched. No one will show respect to the high-born; they will show it only to the others. In the presence of the king, or of ministers, or in a court of justice, the word of sons of good family who are skilled in judgment—men like solid rock—will not sink in and become established. When they speak, the others will only mock them, saying, ‘What are these fellows saying?’ In the assembly of bhikkhus, too, in the kinds of places mentioned above, they will not consider amiable bhikkhus as worthy of respect, nor will their word be taken to heart and established. It will be like a time for stones to float. This is the result of the thirteenth dream.

၁၄. လောကေ ပရိဟာယန္တေယေဝ မနုဿာ တိဗ္ဗရာဂါဒိဇာတိကာ ကိလေသာနုဝတ္တကာ ဟုတွာ တရုဏာနံ အတ္တနော ဘရိယာနံ ဝသေ ဝတ္တိဿန္တိ. ဂေဟေ ဒါသကမ္မကာရာဒယောပိ ဂေါမဟိံသာဒယောပိ ဟိရညသုဝဏ္ဏမ္ပိ သဗ္ဗံ တာသံယေဝ အာယတ္တံ ဘဝိဿတိ. ‘‘အသုကံ ဟိရညသုဝဏ္ဏံ ဝါ ပရိစ္ဆဒါဒိဇာတံ ဝါ ကဟ’’န္တိ ဝုတ္တေ ‘‘ယတ္ထ ဝါ တတ္ထ ဝါ ဟောတု, ကိံ တုယှိမိနာ ဗျာပါရေန, တွံ မယှံ ဃရေ သန္တံ ဝါ အသန္တံ ဝါ ဇာနိတုကာမော ဇာတော’’တိ ဝတွာ နာနပ္ပကာရေဟိ အက္ကောသိတွာ မုခသတ္တီဟိ ကောဋ္ဋေတွာ ဒါသစေဋကေ ဝိယ ဝသေ ကတွာ အတ္တနော ဣဿရိယံ ပဝတ္တေဿန္တိ. ဧဝံ မဓုကပုပ္ဖပ္ပမာဏာနံ မဏ္ဍူကီနံ အာသိဝိသေ ကဏှသပ္ပေ ဂိလနကာလော ဝိယ ဘဝိဿတိ. အယံ စုဒ္ဒသမဿ ဝိပါကော.

14. When the world is declining, men, being of a nature of intense lust and other defilements and followers of the defilements, will fall under the sway of their own young wives. In the house, the slaves, workers, and so on, the cattle, buffaloes, and so on, and the gold and silver—everything will be under their control. If the husband asks, ‘Where is such-and-such gold, silver, or household requisite?’ she will reply: ‘Let it be wherever it is! What business is it of yours? Have you become keen to know what is and what is not in my house?’ Then, having reviled him in various ways and struck him with sharp words, bringing him under their control like a male or female slave, they will exercise their own authority. Thus it will be like a time for female frogs the size of a madhuka flower to swallow venomous black snakes. This is the result of the fourteenth dream.

၁၅. ဒုဗ္ဗလရာဇကာလေ ပန ရာဇာနော ဟတ္ထိသိပ္ပာဒီသု အကုသလာ ယုဒ္ဓေသု အဝိသာရဒါ ဘဝိဿန္တိ. တေ အတ္တနော ရာဇာဓိပစ္စံ အာသင်္ကမာနာ သမာနဇာတိကာနံ ကုလပုတ္တာနံ ဣဿရိယံ အဒတွာ အတ္တနော ပါဒမူလိကနဟာပနကပ္ပကာဒီနံ ဒဿန္တိ. ဇာတိဂေါတ္တသမ္ပန္နာ ကုလပုတ္တာ ရာဇကုလေ ပတိဋ္ဌံ အလဘမာနာ ဇီဝိကံ ကပ္ပေတုံ အသမတ္ထာ ဟုတွာ ဣဿရိယေ ဌိတေ ဇာတိဂေါတ္တဟီနေ အကုလီနေ ဥပဋ္ဌဟန္တာ ဝိစရိဿန္တိ, သုဝဏ္ဏရာဇဟံသေဟိ ကာကဿ ပရိဝါရိတကာလော ဝိယ ဘဝိဿတိ. အယံ ပန္နရသမဿ ဝိပါကော.

15. Then, in a time of weak kings, the rulers will be unskilled in arts such as elephantry and inexperienced in battle. Fearing for their own royal sovereignty, they will not grant authority to sons of good family of equal birth, but will give it to their own foot-servants, bath attendants, barbers, and the like. Then sons of good family, endowed with high birth and clan, unable to gain a footing in the royal court and incapable of making a living, will wander about attending on those of low birth and clan who are established in authority. It will be like a time when a crow is attended upon by golden royal swans. This is the result of the fifteenth dream.

၁၆. အဓမ္မိကရာဇကာလေယေဝ [Pg.69] စ အကုလီနာဝ ရာဇဝလ္လဘာ ဣဿရာ ဘဝိဿန္တိ, ကုလီနာ အပညာတာ ဒုဂ္ဂတာ. တေ ရာဇာနံ အတ္တနော ကထံ ဂါဟာပေတွာ ဝိနိစ္ဆယဋ္ဌာနာဒီသု ဗလဝန္တော ဟုတွာ ဒုဗ္ဗလာနံ ပဝေဏိအာဂတာနိ ခေတ္တဝတ္ထာဒီနိ ‘‘အမှာကံ သန္တကာနီ’’တိ အဘိယုဉ္ဇိတွာ တေ ‘‘န တုမှာကံ, အမှာက’’န္တိ အာဂန္တွာ ဝိနိစ္ဆယဋ္ဌာနာဒီသု ဝိဝဒန္တေ ဝေတ္တလတာဒီဟိ ပဟရာပေတွာ ဂီဝါယံ ဂဟေတွာ အပကဍ္ဎာပေတွာ ‘‘အတ္တနော ပမာဏံ န ဇာနာထ, အမှေဟိ သဒ္ဓိံ ဝိဝဒထ, ဣဒါနိ ဝေါ ပဟရာပေတွာ ရညော ကထေတွာ ဟတ္ထပါဒစ္ဆေဒါဒီနိ ကာရေဿာမာ’’တိ သန္တဇ္ဇေဿန္တိ. တေ တေသံ ဘယေန အတ္တနော သန္တကာနိ ဝတ္ထူနိ ‘‘တုမှာကံယေဝ တာနိ, ဂဏှထာ’’တိ နိယျာတေတွာ အတ္တနော ဂေဟာနိ ပဝိသိတွာ ဘီတာ နိပဇ္ဇိဿန္တိ. ပါပဘိက္ခူပိ ပေသလေ ဘိက္ခူ ယထာရုစိ ဝိဟေဌေဿန္တိ. ပေသလာ ဘိက္ခူ ပဋိသရဏံ အလဘမာနာ အရညံ ပဝိသိတွာ ဂဟနဋ္ဌာနေသု နိလီယိဿန္တိ. ဧဝံ ဟီနဇစ္စေဟိ စေဝ ပါပဘိက္ခူဟိ စ ဥပဒ္ဒုတာနံ ဇာတိမန္တကုလပုတ္တာနဉ္စေဝ ပေသလဘိက္ခူနဉ္စ ဧဠကာနံ ဘယေန တသဝကာနံ ပလာယနကာလော ဝိယ ဘဝိဿတိ. အယံ သောဠသမဿ ဝိပါကော. ဧဝံ တဿ တဿ အနတ္ထဿ ပုဗ္ဗနိမိတ္တဘူတေ သောဠသ မဟာသုပိနေ ပဿိ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘ကောသလရာဇာ ဝိယ သောဠသ သုပိနေ’’တိ. ဧတ္ထ စ ပုဗ္ဗနိမိတ္တတော အတ္တနော အတ္ထာနတ္ထနိမိတ္တံ သုပိနံ ပဿန္တော အတ္တနော ကမ္မာနုဘာဝေန ပဿတိ. ကောသလရာဇာ ဝိယ လောကဿ အတ္ထာနတ္ထနိမိတ္တံ သုပိနံ ပဿန္တော ပန သဗ္ဗသတ္တသာဓာရဏကမ္မာနုဘာဝေန ပဿတီတိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ.

16. And in a time of unrighteous kings, it will be the low-born who become royal favorites and influential, while the high-born will be unknown and destitute. Having made the king accept their word, they will become powerful in the courts of justice and so on. They will lay claim to the fields, lands, and so on that have come down by tradition to the weak, saying, ‘These are ours!’ When the owners come and dispute this in the courts of justice, saying, ‘They are not yours, they are ours,’ the powerful will have them beaten with canes and the like, seize them by the neck, drag them away, and threaten them, saying: ‘You do not know your own measure! You dispute with us! Now we will have you flogged, and after speaking to the king, we will have your hands and feet cut off!’ Out of fear of them, the owners will hand over their own property, saying, ‘They are yours, take them,’ and entering their own houses, they will lie down terrified. Evil bhikkhus, too, will harass amiable bhikkhus as they please. Finding no refuge, the amiable bhikkhus will enter the forest and hide in impenetrable places. Thus for the high-born sons of good family and the amiable bhikkhus, oppressed by the base-born and by evil bhikkhus, it will be like a time when jackals flee in fear of rams. This is the result of the sixteenth dream. Thus he saw these sixteen great dreams, which were portents of this and that disaster. Therefore it is said: ‘like King Kosala, sixteen dreams.’ Herein, it should be understood that one who sees a dream that is a portent of his own welfare or harm sees it through the power of his own kamma. But one who, like King Kosala, sees a dream that is a portent of the welfare or harm of the world sees it through the power of kamma common to all beings.

ကုဒ္ဓါ ဟိ ဒေဝတာတိ မဟာနာဂဝိဟာရေ မဟာထေရဿ ကုဒ္ဓါ ဒေဝတာ ဝိယ. ရောဟဏေ ကိရ မဟာနာဂဝိဟာရေ မဟာထေရော ဘိက္ခုသံဃံ အနပလောကေတွာဝ ဧကံ နာဂရုက္ခံ ဆိန္ဒာပေသိ. ရုက္ခေ အဓိဝတ္ထာ ဒေဝတာ ထေရဿ ကုဒ္ဓါ ပဌမမေဝ နံ သစ္စသုပိနေန ပလောဘေတွာ ပစ္ဆာ ‘‘ဣတော တေ သတ္တဒိဝသမတ္ထကေ ဥပဋ္ဌာကော ရာဇာ မရိဿတီ’’တိ သုပိနေ အာရောစေသိ. ထေရော တံ ကထံ အာဟရိတွာ ရာဇောရောဓာနံ အာစိက္ခိ. တာ ဧကပ္ပဟာရေနေဝ မဟာဝိရဝံ ဝိရဝိံသု. ရာဇာ ‘‘ကိံ ဧတ’’န္တိ ပုစ္ဆိ. တာ ‘‘ဧဝံ ထေရေန ဝုတ္တ’’န္တိ အာရောစယိံသု. ရာဇာ ဒိဝသံ ဂဏာပေတွာ သတ္တာဟေ ဝီတိဝတ္တေ ထေရဿ ဟတ္ထပါဒေ ဆိန္ဒာပေသိ. ဧကန္တံ သစ္စမေဝ ဟောတီတိ ဖလဿ သစ္စဘာဝတော ဝုတ္တံ, ဒဿနံ [Pg.70] ပန ဝိပလ္လတ္ထမေဝ. တေနေဝ ပဟီနဝိပလ္လာသာ ပုဗ္ဗနိမိတ္တဘူတမ္ပိ သုပိနံ န ပဿန္တိ. ဒွီဟိ တီဟိပိ ကာရဏေဟိ ကဒါစိ သုပိနံ ပဿတီတိ အာဟ ‘‘သံသဂ္ဂဘေဒတော’’တိ. ‘‘အသေခါ န ပဿန္တိ ပဟီနဝိပလ္လာသတ္တာ’’တိ ဝစနတော စတုန္နမ္ပိ ကာရဏာနံ ဝိပလ္လာသာ ဧဝ မူလကာရဏန္တိ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗံ.

A deity was angry: this is like the deity at the Mahānāga Vihāra who was angry with the great elder. It is said that at the Mahānāga Vihāra in Rohaṇa, a great elder had a certain nāga-tree cut down without having sought permission from the community of bhikkhus. The deity dwelling in the tree became angry with the elder. First she enticed him with a true dream, and then later she announced to him in a dream: ‘Seven days from now your royal patron will die.’ The elder took this message and reported it to the king’s harem. They at once raised a great cry. The king asked, ‘What is this?’ and they told him, ‘This is what the elder has said.’ The king had the days counted, and when seven days had passed, he had the elder’s hands and feet cut off. It is said, ‘It is absolutely true,’ because of the truth of the result, but the vision itself was distorted. For that reason, those who have abandoned distortion do not see even a dream that is a portent. When it is said, ‘Sometimes one sees a dream for two or three reasons,’ he says this refers to ‘from a break in association.’ From the statement, ‘Those beyond training do not see dreams because they have abandoned distortion,’ it should be understood that distortion is the root cause of all four reasons.

တန္တိ သုပိနကာလေ ပဝတ္တံ ဘဝင်္ဂစိတ္တံ. ရူပနိမိတ္တာဒိအာရမ္မဏန္တိ ကမ္မကမ္မနိမိတ္တဂတိနိမိတ္တတော အညံ ရူပနိမိတ္တာဒိအာရမ္မဏံ န ဟောတိ. ဤဒိသာနီတိ ပစ္စက္ခတော အနုဘူတပုဗ္ဗပရိကပ္ပိတရူပါဒိအာရမ္မဏာနိ စေဝ ရာဂါဒိသမ္ပယုတ္တာနိ စ. သဗ္ဗောဟာရိကစိတ္တေနာတိ ပကတိစိတ္တေန.

That: the life-continuum consciousness that occurs at the time of a dream. An object such as a sign of form: it does not have as its object a sign of form, etc., that is other than kamma, the sign of kamma, or the sign of destiny. Such as these: objects such as forms that have been previously experienced directly or have been conceived, and which are associated with lust and so on. With conventional consciousness: that is, with the normal consciousness.

ဒွီဟိ အန္တေဟိ မုတ္တောတိ ကုသလာကုသလသင်္ခါတေဟိ ဒွီဟိ အန္တေဟိ မုတ္တော. အာဝဇ္ဇနတဒါရမ္မဏက္ခဏေတိ ဣဒံ ယာဝ တဒါရမ္မဏုပ္ပတ္တိ, တာဝ ပဝတ္တစိတ္တဝါရံ သန္ဓာယ ဝုတ္တံ. ‘‘သုပိနေနေဝ ဒိဋ္ဌံ ဝိယ မေ, သုတံ ဝိယ မေတိ ကထနကာလေ ပန အဗျာကတောယေဝ အာဝဇ္ဇနမတ္တဿေဝ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇနတော’’တိ ဝဒန္တိ. ဧဝံ ဝဒန္တေဟိ ပဉ္စဒွါရေ ဒုတိယမောဃဝါရေ ဝိယ မနောဒွါရေပိ အာဝဇ္ဇနံ ဒွတ္တိက္ခတ္တုံ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇိတွာ ဇဝနဋ္ဌာနေ ဌတွာ ဘဝင်္ဂံ ဩတရတီတိ အဓိပ္ပေတန္တိ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗံ ဧကစိတ္တက္ခဏိကဿ အာဝဇ္ဇနဿ ဥပ္ပတ္တိယံ ‘‘ဒိဋ္ဌံ ဝိယ မေ, သုတံ ဝိယ မေ’’တိ ကပ္ပနာယ အသမ္ဘဝတော. ဧတ္ထ စ ‘‘သုပိနန္တေပိ တဒါရမ္မဏဝစနတော ပစ္စုပ္ပန္နဝသေန အတီတဝသေန ဝါ သဘာဝဓမ္မာ သုပိနန္တေ အာရမ္မဏံ ဟောန္တီ’’တိ ဝဒန္တိ. ‘‘ယဒိပိ သုပိနန္တေ ဝိဘူတံ ဟုတွာ ဥပဋ္ဌိတေ ရူပါဒိဝတ္ထုမှိ တဒါရမ္မဏံ ဝုတ္တံ, တထာပိ သုပိနန္တေ ဥပဋ္ဌိတနိမိတ္တဿ ပရိကပ္ပဝသေန ဂဟေတဗ္ဗတာယ ဒုဗ္ဗလဘာဝတော ဒုဗ္ဗလဝတ္ထုကတ္တာတိ ဝုတ္တ’’န္တိ ဝဒန္တိ. ကေစိ ပန ‘‘ကရဇကာယဿ နိရုဿာဟသန္တဘာဝပ္ပတ္တိတော တန္နိဿိတဟဒယဝတ္ထု န သုပ္ပသန္နံ ဟောတိ, တတော တန္နိဿိတာပိ စိတ္တပ္ပဝတ္တိ န သုပ္ပသန္နာ အသုပ္ပသန္နဝဋ္ဋိနိဿိတဒီပပ္ပဘာ ဝိယ, တသ္မာ ဒုဗ္ဗလဝတ္ထုကတ္တာတိ ဧတ္ထ ဒုဗ္ဗလဟဒယဝတ္ထုကတ္တာ’’တိ အတ္ထံ ဝဒန္တိ. ဝီမံသိတွာ ယုတ္တတရံ ဂဟေတဗ္ဗံ.

Freed from two ends: freed from the two ends designated as wholesome and unwholesome. At the moments of adverting and registration: this is said with reference to the cognitive process that occurs up to the arising of registration. Some say: “At the time of saying, ‘It is as if I saw it in a dream, as if I heard it,’ only a moment of adverting arises, which is indeterminate.” It should be understood that those who say this hold that, just as in the second ‘vain process’ at the five sense doors, so at the mind door, adverting arises two or three times, stands in the place of impulsion, and then sinks into the life-continuum; for if only a single moment of adverting arose, the conceiving, ‘It is as if I saw it, as if I heard it,’ would be impossible. And here some say: “Because registration is mentioned even in a dream, real phenomena become an object in a dream in either a present or a past mode.” Others say: “Although registration is mentioned when a form-object, etc., has appeared clearly in a dream, still, because the sign that appears in a dream must be grasped by way of conception, it is said to have a weak basis on account of its weakness.” But some explain the meaning thus: “Because the body produced by kamma has reached a state of exhaustion and listlessness, the heart-base on which it depends is not very clear; therefore the process of consciousness dependent on it is also not very clear, like the light of a lamp dependent on an unclean wick. Therefore, ‘on account of having a weak basis’ here means on account of having a weak heart-base.” Having investigated, the more suitable meaning should be adopted.

သုပိနန္တစေတနာတိ မနောဒွါရိကဇဝနဝသေန ပဝတ္တာ သုပိနန္တစေတနာ. သုပိနဉှိ ပဿန္တော မနောဒွါရိကေနေဝ ဇဝနေန ပဿတိ, န ပဉ္စဒွါရိကေန. ပဋိဗုဇ္ဈန္တော စ မနောဒွါရိကေနေဝ ပဋိဗုဇ္ဈတိ, န ပဉ္စဒွါရိကေန. နိဒ္ဒါယန္တဿ ဟိ မဟာဝဋ္ဋိံ ဇာလေတွာ ဒီပေ စက္ခုသမီပံ ဥပနီတေ ပဌမံ စက္ခုဒွါရိကံ အာဝဇ္ဇနံ ဘဝင်္ဂံ န အာဝဋ္ဋေတိ, မနောဒွါရိကမေဝ အာဝဋ္ဋေတိ. အထ ဇဝနံ ဇဝိတွာ ဘဝင်္ဂံ ဩတရတိ. ဒုတိယဝါရေ စက္ခုဒွါရိကအာဝဇ္ဇနံ ဘဝင်္ဂံ အာဝဋ္ဋေတိ[Pg.71], တတော စက္ခုဝိညာဏာဒီနိ ဇဝနပရိယောသာနာနိ ပဝတ္တန္တိ, တဒနန္တရံ ဘဝင်္ဂံ ပဝတ္တတိ. တတိယဝါရေ မနောဒွါရိကအာဝဇ္ဇနေန ဘဝင်္ဂေ အာဝဋ္ဋိတေ မနောဒွါရိကဇဝနံ ဇဝတိ. တေန စိတ္တေန ‘‘ကိံ အယံ ဣမသ္မိံ ဌာနေ အာလောကော’’တိ ဇာနာတိ. တထာ နိဒ္ဒါယန္တဿ ကဏ္ဏသမီပေ တူရိယေသု ပဂ္ဂဟိတေသု, ဃာနသမီပေ သုဂန္ဓေသု ဝါ ဒုဂ္ဂန္ဓေသု ဝါ ပုပ္ဖေသု ဥပနီတေသု, မုခေ သပ္ပိမှိ ဝါ ဖာဏိတေ ဝါ ပက္ခိတ္တေ, ပိဋ္ဌိယံ ပါဏိနာ ပဟာရေ ဒိန္နေ ပဌမံ သောတဒွါရိကာဒီနိ အာဝဇ္ဇနာနိ ဘဝင်္ဂံ န အာဝဋ္ဋေန္တိ, မနောဒွါရိကမေဝ အာဝဋ္ဋေတိ, အထ ဇဝနံ ဇဝိတွာ ဘဝင်္ဂံ ဩတရတိ. ဒုတိယဝါရေ သောတဒွါရိကာဒီနိ အာဝဇ္ဇနာနိ ဘဝင်္ဂံ အာဝဋ္ဋေန္တိ, တတော သောတဃာနဇိဝှာကာယဝိညာဏာဒီနိ ဇဝနပရိယောသာနာနိ ပဝတ္တန္တိ, တဒနန္တရံ ဘဝင်္ဂံ ဝတ္တတိ. တတိယဝါရေ မနောဒွါရိကအာဝဇ္ဇနေန ဘဝင်္ဂေ အာဝဋ္ဋိတေ မနောဒွါရိကဇဝနံ ဇဝတိ, တေန စိတ္တေန ဉတွာ ‘‘ကိံ အယံ ဣမသ္မိံ ဌာနေ သဒ္ဒေါ, သင်္ခသဒ္ဒေါ ဘေရိသဒ္ဒေါ’’တိ ဝါ ‘‘ကိံ အယံ ဣမသ္မိံ ဌာနေ ဂန္ဓော, မူလဂန္ဓော’’တိ ဝါ ‘‘ကိံ ဣဒံ မယှံ မုခံ ပက္ခိတ္တံ, သပ္ပီတိ ဝါ ဖာဏိတ’’န္တိ ဝါ ‘‘ကေနမှိ ပိဋ္ဌိယံ ပဟဋော, အတိဗဒ္ဓေါ မေ ပဟာရော’’တိ ဝါ ဝတ္တာ ဟောတိ. ဧဝံ မနောဒွါရိကဇဝနေနေဝ ပဋိဗုဇ္ဈတိ, န ပဉ္စဒွါရိကေန. သုပိနမ္ပိ တေနေဝ ပဿတိ, န ပဉ္စဒွါရိကေန. သေသမေတ္ထ သုဝိညေယျမေဝ.

Volition in a dream is volition that occurs by way of mind-door impulsion. For one who sees a dream sees it only through mind-door impulsion, not through the five doors. And when one awakens, one awakens only through the mind-door, not through the five doors. For when someone is asleep, even if a lamp with a large wick is lit and brought near the eye, at first the eye-door advertence does not turn the life-continuum; only the mind-door advertence turns it. Then, after impulsion has run its course, it sinks into the life-continuum. On the second occasion, the eye-door advertence turns the life-continuum, then eye-consciousness and so on, ending with impulsion, arise. After that, the life-continuum occurs. On the third occasion, when the life-continuum is turned by mind-door advertence, mind-door impulsion runs. With that consciousness one knows: 'What is this light in this place?' Similarly, when someone is asleep and musical instruments are played near the ear, or fragrant or foul-smelling flowers are brought near the nose, or ghee or molasses is placed in the mouth, or a blow is given on the back with the hand, at first the ear-door advertences and so on do not turn the life-continuum; only the mind-door advertence turns it. Then, after impulsion has run its course, it sinks into the life-continuum. On the second occasion, the ear-door advertences and so on turn the life-continuum, then ear-consciousness, nose-consciousness, tongue-consciousness, body-consciousness, and so on, ending with impulsion, arise. After that, the life-continuum occurs. On the third occasion, when the life-continuum is turned by mind-door advertence, mind-door impulsion runs. Having known with that consciousness, one says: 'What is this sound in this place? A conch sound? A drum sound?' or 'What is this smell in this place? A root-smell?' or 'What is this placed in my mouth? Ghee or molasses?' or 'By whom have I been struck on the back? The blow to me was very hard!' Thus one awakens only through mind-door impulsion, not through the five doors. One sees a dream, too, only through that, not through the five doors. The rest here is easy to understand.

မဟာသုပိနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Mahāsupina Sutta is finished.

၇. ဝဿသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

7. Commentary on the Vassa Sutta

၁၉၇. သတ္တမေ ဥတုသမုဋ္ဌာနန္တိ ဝဿိကေ စတ္တာရော မာသေ ဥပ္ပန္နံ. အကာလေပီတိ စိတ္တဝေသာခမာသေသုပိ. ဝဿဝလာဟကဒေဝပုတ္တာနဉှိ အတ္တနော ရတိယာ ကီဠိတုကာမတာစိတ္တေ ဥပ္ပန္နေ အကာလေပိ ဒေဝေါ ဝဿတိ. တတြိဒံ ဝတ္ထု – ဧကော ကိရ ဝဿဝလာဟကဒေဝပုတ္တော ဝါကရကုဋကဝါသိခီဏာသဝတ္ထေရဿ သန္တိကံ ဂန္တွာ ဝန္ဒိတွာ အဋ္ဌာသိ. ထေရော ‘‘ကောသိ တွ’’န္တိ ပုစ္ဆိ. အဟံ, ဘန္တေ, ဝဿဝလာဟကဒေဝပုတ္တောတိ. တုမှာကံ ကိရ စိတ္တေန ဒေဝေါ ဝဿတီတိ. အာမ, ဘန္တေတိ. ပဿိတုကာမာ မယန္တိ. တေမိဿထ, ဘန္တေတိ. မေဃသီသံ ဝါ ဂဇ္ဇိတံ ဝါ န ပညာယတိ, ကထံ တေမိဿာမာတိ. ဘန္တေ, အမှာကံ စိတ္တေန ဒေဝေါ ဝဿတိ, တုမှေ ပဏ္ဏသာလံ ပဝိသထာတိ. ‘‘သာဓု, ဒေဝပုတ္တာ’’တိ ပါဒေ ဓောဝိတွာ ပဏ္ဏသာလံ [Pg.72] ပါဝိသိ. ဒေဝပုတ္တော တသ္မိံ ပဝိသန္တေယေဝ ဧကံ ဂီတံ ဂါယိတွာ ဟတ္ထံ ဥက္ခိပိ, သမန္တာ တိယောဇနဋ္ဌာနံ ဧကမေဃံ အဟောသိ. ထေရော အဒ္ဓတိန္တော ပဏ္ဏသာလံ ပဝိဋ္ဌောတိ.

197. In the seventh, arisen from the season means arisen during the four months of the rainy season. Even out of season means even in the months of Citta and Vesākha. For when the thought 'I want to play for my own enjoyment' arises in the minds of the rain-cloud devaputtas, rain falls even out of season. Here is the story: It is said that a certain rain-cloud devaputta went to the elder Vākarakuṭakavāsī, an arahant, paid homage to him, and stood to one side. The elder asked: 'Who are you?' 'I am, venerable sir, a rain-cloud devaputta.' 'Is it true that rain falls by your will?' 'Yes, venerable sir.' 'We wish to see it.' 'You will get drenched, venerable sir.' 'No cloud-head or thunder is seen. How will I get drenched?' 'Venerable sir, rain falls by our will. You should enter the leaf-hut.' 'Very well, devaputta.' Having washed his feet, he entered the leaf-hut. Just as he was entering, the devaputta sang a song and raised his hand, and a single cloud formed over an area of three yojanas all around. The elder entered the leaf-hut half-drenched.

ဝဿသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Vassa Sutta is finished.

၈-၉. ဝါစာသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

8–9. Commentary on the Vācā Sutta, etc.

၁၉၈-၉. အဋ္ဌမေ အင်္ဂေဟီတိ ကာရဏေဟိ. အင်္ဂီယန္တိ ဟေတုဘာဝေန ဉာယန္တီတိ အင်္ဂါနိ, ကာရဏာနိ. ကာရဏတ္ထေ စ အင်္ဂ-သဒ္ဒေါ. ပဉ္စဟီတိ ဟေတုမှိ နိဿက္ကဝစနံ. သမန္နာဂတာတိ သမနုအာဂတာ ပဝတ္တာ ယုတ္တာ စ. ဝါစာတိ သမုလ္လပန-ဝါစာ. ယာ ‘‘ဝါစာ ဂိရာ ဗျပ္ပထော’’တိ (ဓ. သ. ၆၃၆) စ, ‘‘နေလာ ကဏ္ဏသုခါ’’တိ (ဒီ. နိ. ၁.၉) စ အာဂစ္ဆတိ. ယာ ပန ‘‘ဝါစာယ စေ ကတံ ကမ္မ’’န္တိ (ဓ. သ. အဋ္ဌ. ၁ ကာယကမ္မဒွါရ) ဧဝံ ဝိညတ္တိ စ, ‘‘ယာ စတူဟိ ဝစီဒုစ္စရိတေဟိ အာရတိ…ပေ… အယံ ဝုစ္စတိ သမ္မာဝါစာ’’တိ (ဓ. သ. ၂၉၉) ဧဝံ ဝိရတိ စ, ‘‘ဖရုသဝါစာ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, အာသေဝိတာ ဘာဝိတာ ဗဟုလီကတာ နိရယသံဝတ္တနိကာ ဟောတီ’’တိ (အ. နိ. ၈.၄၀) ဧဝံ စေတနာ စ ဝါစာတိ အာဂတာ, န သာ ဣဓ အဓိပ္ပေတာ. ကသ္မာ? အဘာသိတဗ္ဗတော. ‘‘သုဘာသိတာ ဟောတိ, နော ဒုဗ္ဘာသိတာ’’တိ ဟိ ဝုတ္တံ. သုဘာသိတာတိ သုဋ္ဌု ဘာသိတာ. တေနဿာ အတ္ထာဝဟတံ ဒီပေတိ. အနဝဇ္ဇာတိ ရာဂါဒိအဝဇ္ဇရဟိတာ. ဣမိနာဿ ကာရဏသုဒ္ဓိံ အဂတိဂမနာဒိပ္ပဝတ္တဒေါသာဘာဝဉ္စ ဒီပေတိ. ရာဂဒေါသာဒိဝိမုတ္တဉှိ ယံ ဘာသတော အနုရောဓဝိဝဇ္ဇနတော အဂတိဂမနံ ဒုရသမုဿိတမေဝါတိ. အနနုဝဇ္ဇာတိ အနုဝါဒဝိမုတ္တာ. ဣမိနာဿာ သဗ္ဗာကာရသမ္ပတ္တိံ ဒီပေတိ. သတိ ဟိ သဗ္ဗာကာရသမ္ပတ္တိယံ အနနုဝဇ္ဇတာတိ. ဝိညူနန္တိ ပဏ္ဍိတာနံ. တေန နိန္ဒာပသံသာသု ဗာလာ အပ္ပမာဏာတိ ဒီပေတိ.

198–199. In the eighth, by factors means by causes. They are 'factors' (aṅgāni) because they are known as causes (hetu); they are reasons. The word 'aṅga' also has the meaning of cause. By five: this is the ablative of cause. Endowed means accompanied by, occurring with, and connected. Speech means conversational speech, which comes up as 'speech, utterance, expression' (Dhs 636) and as 'eloquent, pleasing to the ear' (DN 1:9). But the 'speech' that comes up as intimation, as in 'a deed done by speech' (Dhs-a 1, on the door of bodily action); or as abstinence, as in 'the abstinence from the four kinds of verbal misconduct… this is called right speech' (Dhs 299); or as volition, as in 'Harsh speech, bhikkhus, when cultivated, developed, and practiced frequently, is conducive to hell' (AN 8.40)—that is not intended here. Why? Because it is not what is spoken. For it is said: 'It is well-spoken, not ill-spoken.' Well-spoken means spoken well. This shows that it brings benefit. Blameless means free from the fault of lust, etc. This shows the purity of its cause and the absence of faults such as proceeding from bias. For when one speaks speech that is free from lust, hatred, etc., because one avoids partiality and opposition, proceeding from bias is completely set aside. Unreproachable means free from censure. This shows its perfection in all aspects. For when there is perfection in all aspects, it is unreproachable. By the wise means by the learned. This shows that in blame and praise, fools are no measure.

ဣမေဟိ ခေါတိအာဒီနိ တာနိ အင်္ဂါနိ ပစ္စက္ခတော ဒဿေန္တော တံ ဝါစံ နိဂမေတိ. ယဉ္စ အညေ ပဋိညာဒီဟိ အဝယဝေဟိ, နာမာဒီဟိ ပဒေဟိ, လိင်္ဂဝစနဝိဘတ္တိကာလကာရကသမ္ပတ္တီဟိ စ သမန္နာဂတံ မုသာဝါဒါဒိဝါစမ္ပိ သုဘာသိတန္တိ မညန္တိ, တံ ပဋိသေဓေတိ. အဝယဝါဒိသမန္နာဂတာပိ ဟိ တထာရူပီ [Pg.73] ဝါစာ ဒုဗ္ဘာသိတာဝ ဟောတိ အတ္တနော စ ပရေသဉ္စ အနတ္ထာဝဟတ္တာ. ဣမေဟိ ပန ပဉ္စဟင်္ဂေဟိ သမန္နာဂတာ သစေပိ မိလက္ခုဘာသာပရိယာပန္နာ ဃဋစေဋိကာဂီတိကပရိယာပန္နာပိ ဟောတိ, တထာပိ သုဘာသိတာဝ လောကိယလောကုတ္တရဟိတသုခါဝဟတ္တာ. တထာ ဟိ မဂ္ဂပဿေ သဿံ ရက္ခန္တိယာ သီဟဠစေဋိကာယ သီဟဠကေနေဝ ဇာတိဇရာမရဏယုတ္တံ ဂီတိကံ ဂါယန္တိယာ သဒ္ဒံ သုတွာ မဂ္ဂံ ဂစ္ဆန္တာ သဋ္ဌိမတ္တာ ဝိပဿကဘိက္ခူ အရဟတ္တံ ပါပုဏိံသု.

With the words beginning 'Indeed, with these,' he concludes about that speech, directly showing those factors. And he refutes what others consider well-spoken: speech endowed with parts such as a thesis, with words such as nouns, and with the perfections of gender, number, case, tense, and agent, even when it is false speech, etc. For even when endowed with such parts, etc., such speech is still ill-spoken because it brings harm to oneself and others. But speech endowed with these five factors, even if it is comprised in a barbarian language or comprised in the songs of pot-making servant girls, is still well-spoken because it brings worldly and supramundane welfare and happiness. For example, some sixty bhikkhus practicing insight meditation, who were walking along a road, attained arahantship upon hearing the sound of a Sinhalese servant girl guarding the crops by the roadside singing a song in Sinhalese about being connected with birth, aging, and death.

တထာ တိဿော နာမ အာရဒ္ဓဝိပဿကော ဘိက္ခု ပဒုမဿရသမီပေန ဂစ္ဆန္တော ပဒုမဿရေ ပဒုမာနိ ဘဉ္ဇိတွာ –

Similarly, a bhikkhu named Tissa, an insight meditator, was walking near a lotus pond. A servant girl, plucking lotuses in the lotus pond, was singing:

‘‘ပါတောဝ ဖုလ္လိတကောကနဒံ,သူရိယာလောကေန ဘိဇ္ဇိယတေ;

ဧဝံ မနုဿတ္တံ ဂတာ သတ္တာ,ဇရာဘိဝေဂေန မဒ္ဒီယန္တီ’’တိ. (သံ. နိ. အဋ္ဌ. ၁.၁.၂၁၃;

သု. နိ. အဋ္ဌ. ၂.၄၅၂ သုဘာသိတသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ) –

“Just as a red lotus blooming at dawn is shattered by the sunlight, so beings who have reached the human state are crushed by the force of old age.”

ဣမံ ဂီတိံ ဂါယန္တိယာ စေဋိကာယ သုတွာ အရဟတ္တံ ပတ္တော.

Having heard this song sung by the servant girl, he attained arahantship.

ဗုဒ္ဓန္တရေပိ အညတရော ပုရိသော သတ္တဟိ ပုတ္တေဟိ သဒ္ဓိံ အဋဝိတော အာဂမ္မ အညတရာယ ဣတ္ထိယာ မုသလေန တဏ္ဍုလေ ကောဋ္ဋေန္တိယာ –

Also in the time of another Buddha, a certain man, having come from the forest with his seven sons, encountered a certain woman who was pounding rice with a pestle and singing:

‘‘ဇရာယ ပရိမဒ္ဒိတံ ဧတံ, မိလာတစမ္မနိဿိတံ;

မရဏေန ဘိဇ္ဇတိ ဧတံ, မစ္စုဿ ဃာသမာမိသံ.

“This is crushed by old age, dependent on withered skin; this is broken by death, food and flesh for the Death God.

‘‘ကိမီနံ အာလယံ ဧတံ, နာနာကုဏပေန ပူရိတံ;

အသုစိဘာဇနံ ဧတံ, တဒလိက္ခန္ဓသမံ ဣဒ’’န္တိ. (သံ. နိ. အဋ္ဌ. ၁.၁.၂၁၃;

သု. နိ. အဋ္ဌ. ၂.၄၅၂ သုဘာသိတသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ) –

“This is an abode of worms, filled with various kinds of corpses; this is a vessel of impurity, like a rotten palm-trunk.”

ဣမံ ဂီတံ သုတွာ ပစ္စဝေက္ခန္တော သဟ ပုတ္တေဟိ ပစ္စေကဗောဓိံ ပတ္တော. ဧဝံ ဣမေဟိ ပဉ္စဟိ အင်္ဂေဟိ သမန္နာဂတာ ဝါစာ သစေပိ မိလက္ခုဘာသာယ ပရိယာပန္နာ ဃဋစေဋိကာဂီတိကပရိယာပန္နာ ဝါစာ ဟောတိ, တထာပိ သုဘာသိတာတိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ. သုဘာသိတာ ဧဝ အနဝဇ္ဇာ အနနုဝဇ္ဇာ စ ဝိညူနံ အတ္ထတ္ထိကာနံ ကုလပုတ္တာနံ အတ္ထပ္ပဋိသရဏာနံ, နော ဗျဉ္ဇနပ္ပဋိသရဏာနန္တိ. နဝမံ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

Having heard this song and reflecting on it, he attained paccekabodhi together with his sons. Thus, it should be understood that speech endowed with these five factors is well-spoken, even if it is comprised in a barbarian language or in the songs of pot-making servant girls. It is well-spoken, blameless, and unreproachable for the wise, for clansmen who seek the meaning, who have the meaning as their resort, not the letter as their resort. The ninth is self-evident.

ဝါစာသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Vācā Sutta and others is concluded.

၁၀. နိဿာရဏီယသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

10. Commentary on the Nissāraṇīya Sutta

၂၀၀. ဒသမေ [Pg.74] နိဿရန္တီတိ နိဿရဏီယာတိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗေ ဒီဃံ ကတွာ နိဒ္ဒေသော. ကတ္တရိ ဟေသ အနီယ-သဒ္ဒေါ ယထာ ‘‘နိယျာနိယာ’’တိ. တေနာဟ ‘‘နိဿဋာ’’တိ. ကုတော ပန နိဿဋာ? ယထာသကံ ပဋိပက္ခတော. နိဇ္ဇီဝဋ္ဌေန ဓာတုယောတိ အာဟ ‘‘အတ္တသုညသဘာဝါ’’တိ. အတ္ထတော ပန ဓမ္မဓာတုမနောဝိညာဏဓာတုဝိသေသော. တာဒိသဿ ဘိက္ခုနော ကိလေသဝသေန ကာမေသု မနသိကာရော နတ္ထီတိ အာဟ ‘‘ဝီမံသနတ္ထ’’န္တိ, ‘‘နေက္ခမ္မနိယတံ ဣဒါနိ မေ စိတ္တံ, ကိံ နု ခေါ ကာမဝိတက္ကောပိ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇိဿတီ’’တိ ဝီမံသန္တဿာတိ အတ္ထော. ပက္ခန္ဒနံ နာမ အနုပ္ပဝေသော. သော ပန တတ္ထ နတ္ထီတိ အာဟ ‘‘နပ္ပဝိသတီ’’တိ. ပသီဒနံ နာမ အဘိရုစိ. သန္တိဋ္ဌနံ ပတိဋ္ဌာနံ. ဝိမုစ္စနံ အဓိမုစ္စနန္တိ. တံ သဗ္ဗံ ပဋိက္ခိပန္တော ဝဒတိ ‘‘ပသာဒံ နာပဇ္ဇတီ’’တိအာဒိ. ဧဝံဘူတံ ပနဿ စိတ္တံ တဿ ကထံ တိဋ္ဌတီတိ အာဟ ‘‘ယထာ’’တိအာဒိ.

200. In the tenth sutta, when ‘nissaraṇiyā’ should be said for ‘nissaranti’ (they escape), the exposition is made by lengthening the vowel to ‘nissaraṇīyā.’ Here this suffix -anīya is in the agent sense, as in ‘niyyāniyā.’ Therefore it says ‘nissaṭā’ (escaped). But from what has it escaped? From its respective opposing factors. Because of its lifeless quality, it is an element; thus it is said to have a 'nature empty of self.' In meaning, however, it is a specific instance of the dhamma-element and the mind-consciousness-element. For such a bhikkhu, there is no attention to sensual pleasures on account of the defilements; thus it is said 'for the purpose of investigation.' The meaning is: of one who investigates thus: 'My mind is now committed to renunciation; I wonder, could a sensual thought still arise?' Pakkhandana means entering. But since that is not present there, it says 'it does not enter.' Pasīdana means delight. Santiṭṭhana means settling. Vimuccana means being resolved upon. Rejecting all that, it says 'it does not find delight,' and so on. But how does the mind of such a one remain steady? This is explained with 'just as,' and so on.

တန္တိ ပဌမဇ္ဈာနံ. အဿာတိ ဘိက္ခုနော. စိတ္တံ ပက္ခန္ဒတီတိ ပရိကမ္မစိတ္တေန သဒ္ဓိံ ဈာနစိတ္တံ ဧကတ္တဝသေန ဧကဇ္ဈံ ကတွာ ဝဒတိ. ဂေါစရေ ဂတတ္တာတိ အတ္တနော အာရမ္မဏေ ဧဝ ပဝတ္တတ္တာ. အဟာနဘာဂိယတ္တာတိ ဌိတိဘာဂိယတ္တာ. သုဋ္ဌု ဝိမုတ္တန္တိ ဝိက္ခမ္ဘနဝိမုတ္တိယာ သမ္မဒေဝ ဝိမုတ္တံ. စိတ္တဿ စ ကာယဿ စ ဝိဟနနတော ဝိဃာတော. ဒုက္ခံ ပရိဒဟနတော ပရိဠာဟော. ကာမဝေဒနံ န ဝေဒိယတိ အနုပ္ပဇ္ဇနတော. နိဿရန္တိ တတောတိ နိဿရဏံ. ကေ နိဿရန္တိ? ကာမာ. ဧဝဉ္စ ကာမာနန္တိ ကတ္တုသာမိဝစနံ သုဋ္ဌု ယုဇ္ဇတိ. ယဒဂ္ဂေန ကာမာ တတော နိဿဋာတိ ဝုစ္စန္တိ, တဒဂ္ဂေန ဈာနမ္ပိ ကာမတော နိဿဋန္တိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗတံ လဘတီတိ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘ကာမေဟိ နိဿဋတ္တာ’’တိ. ဧဝံ ဝိက္ခမ္ဘနဝသေန ကာမနိဿရဏံ ဝတွာ ဣဒါနိ သမုစ္ဆေဒဝသေန အစ္စန္တတော နိဿရဏံ ဒဿေတုံ ‘‘ယော ပနာ’’တိအာဒိ ဝုတ္တံ. သေသပဒေသူတိ သေသကောဋ္ဌာသေသု.

That is the first jhāna. ‘Assā’ means 'of the bhikkhu.' When it says 'the mind leaps forward,' it is speaking of the jhāna-mind together with the preliminary-mind, making them one by way of unity. 'Because it has gone to its pasture' means because it proceeds only in its own object. 'Because it is not liable to decline' means because it partakes of stability. 'Well liberated' means rightly liberated by the liberation of suppression. Vighāta (vexation) is from the vexing of mind and body. Pariḷāha (fever) is from the burning up of suffering. One does not feel sensual feeling because it does not arise. From that they escape (nissaranti); hence it is an escape (nissaraṇaṃ). What escapes? Sensual pleasures. And so, the word ‘kāmānaṃ’ is very fitting as a genitive of the agent. In the same way that sensual pleasures are said to be escaped from, so too the jhāna can be said to be escaped from sensual pleasures; thus it is said, 'because of being escaped from sensual pleasures.' Having thus spoken of the escape from sensual pleasures by way of suppression, now, to show the complete escape by way of eradication, it says 'But whoever...,' and so on. 'In the remaining passages' means in the remaining sections.

အယံ ပန ဝိသေသောတိ ဝိသေသံ ဝဒန္တေန တံ ဈာနံ ပါဒကံ ကတွာတိအာဒိကော အဝိသေသောတိ ကတွာ ဒုတိယတတိယဝါရေသု သဗ္ဗသော အနာမဋ္ဌော, စတုတ္ထဝါရေ ပန အယမ္ပိ ဝိသေသောတိ ဒဿေတုံ ‘‘အစ္စန္တနိဿရဏဉ္စေတ္ထ အရဟတ္တဖလံ ယောဇေတဗ္ဗ’’န္တိ ဝုတ္တံ. ယသ္မာ အရူပဇ္ဈာနံ [Pg.75] ပါဒကံ ကတွာ အဂ္ဂမဂ္ဂံ အဓိဂန္တွာ အရဟတ္တေ ဌိတဿ စိတ္တံ သဗ္ဗသော ရူပေဟိ နိဿဋံ နာမ ဟောတိ. တဿ ဟိ ဖလသမာပတ္တိတော ဝုဋ္ဌာယ ဝီမံသနတ္ထံ ရူပါဘိမုခံ စိတ္တံ ပေသေန္တဿ. ဣဒမက္ခာတန္တိ သမထယာနိကာနံ ဝသေန ဟေဋ္ဌာ စတ္တာရော ဝါရာ ဂဟိတာ. ဣဒံ ပန သုက္ခဝိပဿကဿ ဝသေနာတိ အာဟ ‘‘သုဒ္ဓသင်္ခါရေ’’တိအာဒိ. ‘‘ပုန သက္ကာယော နတ္ထီ’’တိ ဥပ္ပန္နန္တိ ‘‘ဣဒါနိ မေ သက္ကာယပ္ပဗန္ဓော နတ္ထီ’’တိ ဝီမံသန္တဿ ဥပ္ပန္နံ.

But this is the distinction: because the statement 'having made that jhāna the basis,' and so on, is taken as not being a distinction, it is not touched upon at all in the second and third cases. In the fourth case, however, to show that this too is a distinction, it is said: 'And here the complete escape should be connected with the fruit of arahantship.' For when one has made a formless jhāna the basis, attained the supreme path, and is established in arahantship, one's mind is indeed completely escaped from all forms. This is for one who, having emerged from the attainment of fruition, sends the mind towards form for the purpose of investigation. 'This has been stated': the four cases below have been taken in terms of the serenity-vehicle practitioner. But this is in terms of the dry-insight practitioner; thus it says 'mere formations,' and so on. The arising of 'Again there is no personality-identity' means it arises for one who investigates, 'Now for me there is no continuity of personality-identity.'

နိဿာရဏီယသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Nissāraṇīya Sutta is concluded.

ဗြာဟ္မဏဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Brāhmaṇa Vagga is concluded.

စတုတ္ထပဏ္ဏာသကံ နိဋ္ဌိတံ.

The Fourth Fifty is concluded.

၅. ပဉ္စမပဏ္ဏာသကံ

5. The Fifth Fifty

(၂၁) ၁. ကိမိလဝဂ္ဂေါ

(21) 1. The Kimila Vagga

၁-၄. ကိမိလသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

1-4. Commentary on the Kimila Sutta and others

၂၀၁-၄. ပဉ္စမဿ [Pg.76] ပဌမဒုတိယာနိ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထာနေဝ. တတိယေ အဓိဝါသနံ ခမနံ, ပရေသံ ဒုက္ကဋံ ဒုရုတ္တဉ္စ ပဋိဝိရောဓာကရဏေန အတ္တနော ဥပရိ အာရောပေတွာ ဝါသနံ အဓိဝါသနံ, တဒေဝ ခန္တီတိ အဓိဝါသနက္ခန္တိ. သုဘေ ရတောတိ သူရတော, သုဋ္ဌု ဝါ ပါပတော ဩရတော ဝိရတော သောရတော, တဿ ဘာဝေါ သောရစ္စံ. တေနာဟ ‘‘သောရစ္စေနာတိ သုစိသီလတာယာ’’တိ. သာ ဟိ သောဘနကမ္မရတတာ, သုဋ္ဌု ဝါ ပါပတော ဩရတဘာဝေါ ဝိရတတာ. စတုတ္ထေ နတ္ထိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗံ.

201-4. The first and second suttas of the fifth vagga are of obvious meaning. In the third, adhivāsana is enduring. Adhivāsana is enduring by taking upon oneself the wrongdoing and harsh speech of others without making opposition; that itself is patience (khanti), hence adhivāsanakkhanti (enduring patience). Sūrata is one who delights in the good. Or, sorata is one who is well (suṭṭhu) restrained (orato), abstinent (virato) from evil (pāpato); the state of that is soracca (gentleness). Therefore it says: 'soraccena means by pure virtue.' For that is delight in beautiful actions, or the state of being well restrained from evil, abstinence. In the fourth, there is nothing to say.

ကိမိလသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Kimila Sutta and others is concluded.

၅. စေတောခိလသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

5. Commentary on the Cetokhila Sutta

၂၀၅. ပဉ္စမေ စေတောခိလာ နာမ အတ္ထတော ဝိစိကိစ္ဆာ ကောဓော စ. တေ ပန ယသ္မိံ သန္တာနေ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇန္တိ, တဿ ခရဘာဝေါ ကက္ခဠဘာဝေါ ဟုတွာ ဥပတိဋ္ဌန္တိ, ပဂေဝ အတ္တနာ သမ္ပယုတ္တစိတ္တဿာတိ အာဟ ‘‘စိတ္တဿ ထဒ္ဓဘာဝါ’’တိ. ယထာ လက္ခဏပါရိပူရိယာ ဂဟိတာယ သဗ္ဗာ သတ္ထု ရူပကာယသိရီ ဂဟိတာ ဧဝ နာမ ဟောတိ ဧဝံ သဗ္ဗညုတာယ သဗ္ဗဓမ္မကာယသိရီ ဂဟိတာ ဧဝ နာမ ဟောတီတိ တဒုဘယဝတ္ထုကမေဝ ကင်္ခံ ဒဿေန္တော ‘‘သရီရေ ကင်္ခမာနော’’တိအာဒိမာဟ. ဝိစိနန္တောတိ ဓမ္မသဘာဝံ ဝီမံသန္တော. ကိစ္ဆတီတိ ကိလမတိ. ဝိနိစ္ဆေတုံ န သက္ကောတီတိ သန္နိဋ္ဌာတုံ န သက္ကောတိ. အာတပတိ ကိလေသေတိ အာတပ္ပံ, သမ္မာဝါယာမောတိ အာဟ ‘‘အာတပ္ပာယာတိ ကိလေသသန္တာပနဝီရိယကရဏတ္ထာယာ’’တိ. ပုနပ္ပုနံ ယောဂါယာတိ ဘာဝနံ ပုနပ္ပုနံ ယုဉ္ဇနာယ. သတတကိရိယာယာတိ ဘာဝနာယ နိရန္တရပ္ပယောဂါယ.

205. In the fifth sutta, cetokhilā (mental barrenness) in meaning are doubt and anger. When they arise in a person's mental continuum, they present themselves as harshness and roughness, let alone for the mind associated with them; thus it says 'because of the mind's rigidity.' Just as when the perfection of the characteristics is grasped, all the splendor of the Teacher's physical body is thereby grasped, so too when omniscience is grasped, all the splendor of the Dhamma-body is thereby grasped. Thus, showing doubt with a twofold basis, it says 'doubting about the body,' and so on. Vicinanto (doubting) means investigating the nature of phenomena. Kicchati means to be troubled. 'He is not able to decide' means he is not able to conclude. Ātappa (ardor) is that which burns and torments the defilements; it is right effort. Thus it says: 'ātappāya means for the purpose of making the effort that torments the defilements.' 'For repeated application' means for repeatedly yoking oneself to cultivation. 'For constant practice' means for uninterrupted application to cultivation.

ပဋိဝေဓဓမ္မေ ကင်္ခမာနောတိ ဧတ္ထ ကထံ လောကုတ္တရဓမ္မေ ကင်္ခါ ပဝတ္တီတိ? န အာရမ္မဏကရဏဝသေန, အနုဿုတာကာရပရိဝိတက္ကလဒ္ဓေ ပရိကပ္ပိတရူပေ ကင်္ခါ [Pg.77] ပဝတ္တတီတိ ဒဿေန္တော အာဟ ‘‘ဝိပဿနာ…ပေ… ဝဒန္တိ, တံ အတ္ထိ နု ခေါ နတ္ထီတိ ကင်္ခတီ’’တိ. သိက္ခာတိ စေတ္ထ ပုဗ္ဗဘာဂသိက္ခာ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ. ကာမဉ္စေတ္ထ ဝိသေသုပ္ပတ္တိယာ မဟာသာဝဇ္ဇတာယ စေဝ သံဝါသနိမိတ္တံ ဃဋနာဟေတု အဘိဏှုပ္ပတ္တိကတာယ စ သဗြဟ္မစာရီသူတိ ကောပဿ ဝိသယော ဝိသေသေတွာ ဝုတ္တော, အညတ္ထာပိ ကောပေါ န စေတောခိလောတိ န သက္ကာ ဝိညာတုန္တိ ကေစိ. ယဒိ ဧဝံ ဝိစိကိစ္ဆာယပိ အယံ နယော အာပဇ္ဇတိ, တသ္မာ ယထာရုတဝသေန ဂဟေတဗ္ဗံ.

'Doubting the Dhamma of penetration': here, how does doubt about the supramundane Dhamma proceed? Showing that it does not proceed by way of making it an object, but that doubt proceeds concerning a conceived form obtained by reflection on what has been heard, he said: 'Insight... and so on... they say; he doubts, "I wonder, does it exist or not?"' Here, by 'training' the preliminary training should be understood. And here, the object of anger is specified as 'towards one's companions in the holy life' because of its great faultiness in regard to the arising of special attainments, because it is a cause of conflict in communal living, and because of its frequent occurrence. Some say that it cannot be known that anger in other cases is not a mental barrenness. If so, this same method would apply to doubt as well; therefore, it should be taken as it is stated.

စေတောခိလသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Cetokhila Sutta is concluded.

၆-၈. ဝိနိဗန္ဓသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

6-8. Commentary on the Vinibandha Sutta and Others

၂၀၆-၈. ဆဋ္ဌေ ပဝတ္တိတုံ အပ္ပဒါနဝသေန ကုသလစိတ္တံ ဝိနိဗန္ဓန္တီတိ စေတသောဝိနိဗန္ဓာ. တံ ပန ဝိနိဗန္ဓန္တာ မုဋ္ဌိဂ္ဂါဟံ ဂဏှန္တာ ဝိယ ဟောန္တီတိ အာဟ ‘‘စိတ္တံ ဝိနိဗန္ဓိတွာ’’တိအာဒိ. ကာမဂိဒ္ဓေါ ပုဂ္ဂလော ဝတ္ထုကာမေပိ ကိလေသကာမေပိ အဿာဒေတိ အဘိနန္ဒတီတိ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘ဝတ္ထုကာမေပိ ကိလေသကာမေပီ’’တိ. အတ္တနော ကာယေတိ အတ္တနော နာမကာယေ, အတ္တဘာဝေ ဝါ. ဗဟိဒ္ဓါရူပေတိ ပရေသံ ကာယေ အနိန္ဒြိယဗဒ္ဓရူပေ စ. ဥဒရံ အဝဒိဟတိ ဥပစိနောတိ ပူရေတီတိ ဥဒရာဝဒေဟကံ. သေယျသုခန္တိ သေယျာယ သယနဝသေန ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇနကသုခံ. သမ္ပရိဝတ္တကန္တိ သမ္ပရိဝတ္တိတွာ. ပဏိဓာယာတိ တဏှာဝသေနေဝ ပဏိဒဟိတွာ. ဣတိ ပဉ္စဝိဓောပိ လောဘဝိသေသော ဧဝ ‘‘စေတောဝိနိဗန္ဓော’’တိ ဝုတ္တောတိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. သတ္တမဋ္ဌမေသု နတ္ထိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗံ.

206-8. In the sixth, they are called 'mental bondages' because they bind the wholesome mind, preventing it from proceeding, by way of not giving. And in binding it, they are like those who make a firm grasp; thus it is said: 'having bound the mind,' etc. A person greedy for sensual pleasures enjoys and delights in both sensual pleasures as objects and sensual pleasures as defilements; thus it is said: 'in sensual pleasures as objects and in sensual pleasures as defilements.' 'In one's own body' means in one's own mental body, or in one's individual existence. 'In external form' means in the bodies of others and in inanimate form. 'Gorging one's belly' means one accumulates, one fills. 'The pleasure of lying down' is the pleasure that arises from the act of lying down. 'Tossing and turning' means having turned over and over. 'Having made an aspiration' means having made an aspiration out of craving. Thus, it should be understood that these five specific kinds of greed are called 'mental bondage.' There is nothing to be said about the seventh and eighth suttas.

ဝိနိဗန္ဓသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Vinibandha Sutta and others is concluded.

၉-၁၀. ဂီတဿရသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

9-10. Commentary on the Gītassara Sutta and others

၂၀၉-၂၁၀. နဝမေ အာယတကော နာမ ဂီတဿရော တံ တံ ဝတ္တံ ဘိန္ဒိတွာ အက္ခရာနိ ဝိနာသေတွာ ပဝတ္တောတိ အာဟ ‘‘အာယတကေနာ’’တိအာဒိ. ဓမ္မေဟိ သုတ္တဝတ္တံ နာမ အတ္ထိ, ဂါထာဝတ္တံ နာမ အတ္ထိ, တံ ဝိနာသေတွာ အတိဒီဃံ ကာတုံ န ဝဋ္ဋတိ. ဓမ္မဉှိ ဘာသန္တေန စတုရဿေန ဝတ္တေန ပရိမဏ္ဍလာနိ [Pg.78] ပဒဗျဉ္ဇနာနိ ဒဿေတဗ္ဗာနိ. ‘‘အနုဇာနာမိ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, သရဘည’’န္တိ (စူဠဝ. ၂၄၉) စ ဝစနတော သရေန ဓမ္မံ ဘဏိတုံ ဝဋ္ဋတိ. သရဘညေ ကိရ တရင်္ဂဝတ္တဓောတကဝတ္တဘာဂဂ္ဂဟကဝတ္တာဒီနိ ဒွတ္တိံသ ဝတ္တာနိ အတ္ထိ. တေသု ယံ ဣစ္ဆတိ, တံ ကာတုံ လဘတီတိ. ဒသမေ နတ္ထိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗံ.

209-210. In the ninth, a long-drawn-out singing tone is one that proceeds by breaking up the proper meter and ruining the syllables; thus it is said: 'with a long-drawn-out tone,' etc. In the Dhamma there is what is called sutta meter and what is called verse meter; it is not proper to ruin these and make them excessively long. For when reciting the Dhamma, the well-rounded words and phrases should be presented with a balanced, four-square meter. And because it is said, 'Bhikkhus, I allow chanting' (Cv V.3.1), it is permissible to recite the Dhamma with a melodic tone. It is said that in chanting there are thirty-two meters, such as the wave meter, the washed meter, the portion-taking meter, and so on. One may use whichever of these one wishes. There is nothing to be said about the tenth sutta.

ဂီတဿရသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Gītassara Sutta and others is concluded.

ကိမိလဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Kimila Chapter is concluded.

(၂၂) ၂. အက္ကောသကဝဂ္ဂေါ

(22) 2. The Chapter on Abuse

၁-၂. အက္ကောသကသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

1-2. Commentary on the Akkosaka Sutta and others

၂၁၁-၂. ဒုတိယဿ ပဌမေ ဒသဟိ အက္ကောသဝတ္ထူဟိ အက္ကောသကောတိ ‘‘ဗာလောသိ, မူဠှောသိ, ဩဋ္ဌောသိ, ဂေါဏောသိ, ဂဒြဘောသီ’’တိအာဒိနာ ဒသဟိ အက္ကောသဝတ္ထူဟိ အက္ကောသကော. ‘‘ဟောတု, မုဏ္ဍကသမဏ, အဒဏ္ဍော အဟန္တိ ကရောသိ, ဣဒါနိ တေ ရာဇကုလံ ဂန္တွာ ဒဏ္ဍံ အာရောပေဿာမီ’’တိအာဒီနိ ဝဒန္တော ပရိဘာသကော နာမာတိ အာဟ ‘‘ဘယဒဿနေန ပရိဘာသကော’’တိ. လောကုတ္တရဓမ္မာ အပါယမဂ္ဂဿ ပရိပန္ထဘာဝတော ပရိပန္ထော နာမာတိ အာဟ ‘‘လောကုတ္တရပရိပန္ထဿ ဆိန္နတ္တာ’’တိ, လောကုတ္တရသင်္ခါတဿ အပါယမဂ္ဂပရိပန္ထဿ ဆိန္နတ္တာတိ အတ္ထော. ဒုတိယေ နတ္ထိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗံ.

211-2. In the first of the second, an 'abuser' is one who abuses with the ten grounds for abuse, saying such things as: 'You are a fool, you are confused, you are a camel, you are an ox, you are a donkey.' One who reviles by saying such things as, 'So, shaveling ascetic, you act as if you are immune to punishment; now I will go to the royal court and have you punished!' is called a 'reviler'; thus it is said: 'a reviler by making threats.' The supramundane Dhamma is called an 'obstacle' because it is an obstacle to the path to the plane of misery. Thus it is said: 'because the obstacle to the supramundane is cut off,' which means, 'because the obstacle to the path to the plane of misery, which is designated as 'supramundane,' has been cut off.' There is nothing to be said about the second sutta.

အက္ကောသကသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Akkosaka Sutta and others is concluded.

၃-၁၀. သီလသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

3-10. Commentary on the Sīla Sutta and others

၂၁၃-၂၂၀. တတိယေ (ဒီ. နိ. ဋီ. ၂.၁၄၉) ဒုဿီလောတိ ဧတ္ထ ဒု-သဒ္ဒေါ အဘာဝတ္ထော ‘‘ဒုပ္ပညော’’တိအာဒီသု (မ. နိ. ၁.၄၄၉) ဝိယ, န ဂရဟဏတ္ထောတိ အာဟ ‘‘အသီလော နိဿီလော’’တိ. ဘိန္နသံဝရောတိ ဧတ္ထ သမာဒိန္နသီလော ကေနစိ ကာရဏေန သီလဘေဒံ ပတ္တော, သော တာဝ ဘိန္နသံဝရော ဟောတု. ယော ပန သဗ္ဗေန သဗ္ဗံ အသမာဒိန္နသီလော အာစာရဟီနော, သော ကထံ ဘိန္နသံဝရော နာမ ဟောတီတိ[Pg.79]? သောပိ သာဓုသမာစာရဿ ပရိဟရဏီယဿ ဘေဒိတတ္တာ ဘိန္နသံဝရော ဧဝ နာမ. ဝိနဋ္ဌသံဝရော သံဝရရဟိတောတိ ဟိ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ. တံ တံ သိပ္ပဋ္ဌာနံ. မာဃာတကာလေတိ ‘‘မာ ဃာတေထ ပါဏီန’’န္တိ ဧဝံ မာဃာတဃောသနံ ဃောသိတဒိဝသေ. အဗ္ဘုဂ္ဂစ္ဆတိ ပါပကော ကိတ္တိသဒ္ဒေါ. အဇ္ဈာသယေန မင်္ကု ဟောတိယေဝ ဝိပ္ပဋိသာရိဘာဝတော.

213-220. In the third (cf. DN-ṭ 2.149), regarding 'immoral' (dussīla), the prefix 'du-' has the meaning of absence, as in 'unwise' (duppañña) and so on (cf. MN 1.449), not the meaning of censure; hence it is explained as 'without virtue' (asīlo) or 'devoid of virtue' (nissīlo). Here, 'one whose restraint is broken' (bhinnasaṃvaro) is one who has undertaken the moral precepts but for some reason has arrived at a breach of virtue; such a one is one whose restraint is broken. But how can one who has not undertaken the moral precepts at all and is devoid of good conduct be called 'one whose restraint is broken'? He too is so called because he has broken with the good conduct that should be maintained. For it is said that 'one whose restraint is ruined' means 'one who is devoid of restraint.' 'His particular craft' refers to various arts and crafts. 'At a time of non-killing' means on a day when a proclamation against killing has been announced, such as 'Do not kill living beings!' An evil reputation spreads. He is certainly troubled in his disposition because he is remorseful.

တဿာတိ ဒုဿီလဿ. သမာဒါယ ဝတ္တိတဋ္ဌာနန္တိ ဥဋ္ဌာယ သမုဋ္ဌာယ ကတကာရဏံ. အာပါထံ အာဂစ္ဆတီတိ တံ မနသော ဥပဋ္ဌာတိ. ဥမ္မီလေတွာ ဣဓလောကန္တိ ဥမ္မီလနကာလေ အတ္တနော ပုတ္တဒါရာဒိဝသေန ဣဓလောကံ ပဿတိ. နိမီလေတွာ ပရလောကန္တိ နိမီလနကာလေ ဂတိနိမိတ္တုပဋ္ဌာနဝသေန ပရလောကံ ပဿတိ. တေနာဟ ‘‘စတ္တာရော အပါယာ’’တိအာဒိ. ပဉ္စမပဒန္တိ ‘‘ကာယဿ ဘေဒါ’’တိအာဒိနာ ဝုတ္တော ပဉ္စမော အာဒီနဝကောဋ္ဌာသော. ဝုတ္တဝိပရိယာယေနာတိ ဝုတ္တတ္ထာယ အာဒီနဝကထာယ ဝိပရိယာယေန ‘‘အပ္ပမတ္တော တံ တံ ကသိဝဏိဇ္ဇာဒိံ ယထာကာလံ သမ္ပာဒေတုံ သက္ကောတီ’’တိအာဒိနာ. ပါသံသံ သီလမဿ အတ္ထီတိ သီလဝါ. သီလသမ္ပန္နောတိ သီလေန သမန္နာဂတော သမ္ပန္နသီလောတိ ဧဝမာဒိကံ ပန အတ္ထဝစနံ သုကရန္တိ အနာမဋ္ဌံ. စတုတ္ထာဒီနိ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထာနေဝ.

'Of him' means of the immoral person. 'The sphere in which he has conducted himself' means the reason for what he has done after getting up and arising. 'It comes into range' means it presents itself to the mind. 'Opening his eyes to this world' means that at the time of opening his eyes, he sees this world in terms of his children, wife, and so on. 'Closing his eyes to the next world' means that at the time of closing his eyes, he sees the next world by way of the appearance of the sign of his future destination. Therefore it is said: 'the four planes of misery,' etc. 'The fifth item' is the fifth section on dangers, stated with the words 'with the breakup of the body,' etc. 'By way of the opposite' means in the opposite way to the stated talk on dangers, as in: 'Being heedful, he is able to accomplish his farming, trade, etc., at the proper time.' 'He has praiseworthy virtue,' thus he is 'virtuous' (sīlavā). 'Endowed with virtue' (sīlasampanno) means possessed of virtue, accomplished in virtue. Such explanations of the meaning are easy and so have not been discussed. The fourth and following suttas are clear in meaning.

သီလသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Sīla Sutta and others is concluded.

အက္ကောသကဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Akkosaka Chapter is concluded.

(၂၃) ၃. ဒီဃစာရိကဝဂ္ဂေါ

(23) 3. The Chapter on Long Wandering

၁-၁၀. ပဌမဒီဃစာရိကသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

1-10. Commentary on the First Discourse on Long Wandering and so forth

၂၂၁-၂၃၀. တတိယဿ ပဌမာဒီနိ သုဝိညေယျာနိ. ပဉ္စမေ ရဟော နိသဇ္ဇာယ အာပဇ္ဇတီတိ ‘‘ယော ပန ဘိက္ခု မာတုဂါမေန သဒ္ဓိံ ဧကော ဧကာယ ရဟော နိသဇ္ဇံ ကပ္ပေယျ, ပါစိတ္တိယ’’န္တိ ဣမသ္မိံ သိက္ခာပဒေ (ပါစိ. ၂၉၀) ဝုတ္တံ အာပတ္တိံ အာပဇ္ဇတိ. ပဋိစ္ဆန္နေ အာသနေ အာပဇ္ဇတီတိ ‘‘ယော ပန ဘိက္ခု မာတုဂါမေန ရဟော ပဋိစ္ဆန္နေ အာသနေ နိသဇ္ဇံ ကပ္ပေယျ, ပါစိတ္တိယ’’န္တိ ဣမသ္မိံ ဝုတ္တံ အာပတ္တိံ အာပဇ္ဇတိ. မာတုဂါမဿ ဥတ္တရိ ဆပ္ပဉ္စဝါစာဟိ ဓမ္မံ ဒေသေန္တော [Pg.80] အာပဇ္ဇတီတိ ‘ယော ပန ဘိက္ခု မာတုဂါမဿ ဥတ္တရိ ဆပ္ပဉ္စဝါစာဟိ ဓမ္မံ ဒေသေယျ အညတြ ဝိညုနာ ပုရိသဝိဂ္ဂဟေနာ’’တိ (ပါစိ. ၆၃) ဧဝံ ဝုတ္တံ အာပတ္တိံ အာပဇ္ဇတိ. တေနာဟ ‘‘တေသံ တေသံ သိက္ခာပဒါနံ ဝသေန ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာနီ’’တိ. ဆဋ္ဌာဒီနိ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထာနိ.

221-230. The first and so on of the third chapter are easy to understand. In the fifth, one incurs an offense by sitting in seclusion: 'Whatever bhikkhu should sit down in seclusion, alone with a woman, it is an offense of expiation'—one incurs the offense stated in this training rule (Pāc. 44). One incurs an offense by sitting on a concealed seat: 'Whatever bhikkhu should sit down with a woman in seclusion on a concealed seat, it is an offense of expiation'—one incurs the offense stated in this rule (Pāc. 45). One incurs an offense by teaching the Dhamma to a woman with more than five or six words: 'Whatever bhikkhu should teach the Dhamma to a woman in more than five or six words, unless a knowledgeable man is present' (Pāc. 7)—one incurs the offense thus stated. Therefore it is said: 'These are to be understood in accordance with their respective training rules.' The sixth and so on are clear in meaning.

ပဌမဒီဃစာရိကသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the First Discourse on Long Wandering and so forth is concluded.

ဒီဃစာရိကဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Chapter on Long Wandering is concluded.

၂၃၁-၃၀၂. စတုတ္ထဝဂ္ဂါဒီနိ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထာနိ.

231-302. The fourth chapter and so on are clear in meaning.

ဣတိ မနောရထပူရဏိယာ အင်္ဂုတ္တရနိကာယ-အဋ္ဌကထာယ

Thus in the Manorathapūraṇī, the commentary on the Aṅguttara Nikāya:

ပဉ္စကနိပါတဝဏ္ဏနာယ အနုတ္တာနတ္ထဒီပနာ သမတ္တာ.

The explanation of profound meanings in the commentary on the Book of Fives is concluded.

. နမော တဿ ဘဂဝတော အရဟတော သမ္မာသမ္ဗုဒ္ဓဿ.

Homage to the Blessed One, the Arahant, the Perfectly Enlightened One.

အင်္ဂုတ္တရနိကာယေ

In the Aṅguttara Nikāya

ဆက္ကနိပါတ-ဋီကာ

Subcommentary on the Book of the Sixes

၁. ပဌမပဏ္ဏာသကံ

1. The First Fifty

၁. အာဟုနေယျဝဂ္ဂေါ

1. The Chapter on Those Worthy of Offerings

၁. ပဌမအာဟုနေယျသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

1. Commentary on the First Discourse on Those Worthy of Offerings

၁. ဆက္ကနိပါတဿ [Pg.81] ပဌမေ စက္ခုနာ ရူပံ ဒိသွာတိ နိဿယဝေါဟာရေန ဝုတ္တံ. သသမ္ဘာရကနိဒ္ဒေသောယံ ယထာ ‘‘ဓနုနာ ဝိဇ္ဈတီ’’တိ, တသ္မာ နိဿယသီသေန နိဿိတဿ ဂဟဏံ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗံ. တေနာယမတ္ထော ‘‘စက္ခုဒွါရေ ရူပါရမ္မဏေ အာပါထဂတေ တံ ရူပံ စက္ခုဝိညာဏေန ဒိသွာ’’တိ. နေဝ သုမနော ဟောတီတိ ဇဝနက္ခဏေ ဣဋ္ဌေ အာရမ္မဏေ ရာဂံ အနုပ္ပာဒေန္တော နေဝ သုမနော ဟောတိ ဂေဟဿိတပေမဝသေနပိ မဂ္ဂေန သဗ္ဗသော ရာဂဿ သမုစ္ဆိန္နတ္တာ. န ဒုမ္မနောတိ အနိဋ္ဌေ အဒုဿန္တော န ဒုမ္မနော. ပသာဒညထတ္တဝသေနပိ ဣဋ္ဌေပိ အနိဋ္ဌေပိ မဇ္ဈတ္တေပိ အာရမ္မဏေ န သမံ သမ္မာ အယောနိသော ဂဟဏံ အသမပေက္ခနံ. အယဉ္စဿ ပဋိပတ္တိ သတိဝေပုလ္လပ္ပတ္တိယာ ပညာဝေပုလ္လပ္ပတ္တိယာ စာတိ အာဟ ‘‘သတော သမ္ပဇာနော ဟုတွာ’’တိ. သတိယာ ယုတ္တတ္တာ သတော. သမ္ပဇညေန ယုတ္တတ္တာ သမ္ပဇာနော. ဉာဏုပ္ပတ္တိပစ္စယရဟိတကာလေပိ ပဝတ္တိဘေဒနတော ‘‘သတတဝိဟာရော ကထိတော’’တိ ဝုတ္တံ. သတတဝိဟာရောတိ ခီဏာသဝဿ နိစ္စဝိဟာရော သဗ္ဗဒါ ပဝတ္တနကဝိဟာရော. ဌပေတွာ ဟိ သမာပတ္တိဝေလံ ဘဝင်္ဂဝေလဉ္စ ခီဏာသဝါ ဣမိနာဝ ဆဠင်္ဂုပေက္ခာဝိဟာရေန ဝိဟရန္တိ.

1. In the first sutta of the Book of Sixes, the phrase 'having seen a form with the eye' is stated as a figurative expression of dependence. This is an explanation including the instrument, as in 'one shoots with a bow'; therefore, the grasping of the dependent should be understood by way of the heading of dependence. Hence this is the meaning: 'when a form-object has come into the range of the eye-door, one sees that form with eye-consciousness.' 'He is not glad' means that at the moment of impulsion, by not generating lust towards a desirable object, he is not glad—even by way of affection associated with the household life—because lust has been completely extirpated by the path. 'Nor is he sad' means that by not being vexed at an undesirable object, he is not sad. And due to the alteration of the sensitive faculty, towards a desirable, undesirable, or neutral object, there is no equal reaction, nor a proper but unwise grasping, nor a lack of consideration. This practice of his is due to the attainment of an abundance of mindfulness and an abundance of wisdom; thus it is said: 'being mindful and clearly comprehending.' He is 'mindful' because he is endowed with mindfulness. He is 'clearly comprehending' because he is endowed with clear comprehension. Even at a time devoid of a condition for the arising of knowledge, because of the variety of its occurrence, it is said, 'a constant dwelling is spoken of.' 'Constant dwelling' means the perpetual dwelling of one whose taints are destroyed, a dwelling that is always in operation. For, apart from the time of attainment and the time of the life-continuum, those whose taints are destroyed dwell by means of this very dwelling in six-factored equanimity.

ဧတ္ထ စ ‘‘ဆသု ဒွါရေသုပိ ဥပေက္ခကော ဝိဟရတီ’’တိ ဣမိနာ ဆဠင်္ဂုပေက္ခာ ကထိတာ. ‘‘သမ္ပဇာနော’’တိ ဝစနတော ပန စတ္တာရိ ဉာဏသမ္ပယုတ္တစိတ္တာနိ လဗ္ဘန္တိ တေဟိ ဝိနာ သမ္ပဇာနတာယ အသမ္ဘဝတော. သတတဝိဟာရဘာဝတော အဋ္ဌ မဟာကိရိယစိတ္တာနိ လဗ္ဘန္တိ. ‘‘နေဝ သုမနော န ဒုမ္မနော’’တိ ဝစနတော အဋ္ဌ မဟာကိရိယစိတ္တာနိ, ဟသိတုပ္ပာဒေါ, ဝေါဋ္ဌဗ္ဗနဉ္စာတိ ဒသ စိတ္တာနိ လဗ္ဘန္တိ. ရာဂဒေါသသဟဇာတာနံ သောမနဿဒေါမနဿာနံ အဘာဝေါ တေသမ္ပိ သာဓာရဏောတိ ဆဠင်္ဂုပေက္ခာဝသေန အာဂတာနံ ဣမေသံ သတတဝိဟာရာနံ သောမနဿံ ကထံ လဗ္ဘတီတိ စေ? အာသေဝနတော. ကိဉ္စာပိ [Pg.82] ခီဏာသဝေါ ဣဋ္ဌာနိဋ္ဌေပိ အာရမ္မဏေ မဇ္ဈတ္တော ဝိယ ဗဟုလံ ဥပေက္ခကော ဝိဟရတိ အတ္တနော ပရိသုဒ္ဓပကတိဘာဝါဝိဇဟနတော, ကဒါစိ ပန တထာ စေတောဘိသင်္ခါရာဘာဝေ ယံ တံ သဘာဝတော ဣဋ္ဌံ အာရမ္မဏံ, တဿ ယာထာဝသဘာဝဂ္ဂဟဏဝသေနပိ အရဟတော စိတ္တံ ပုဗ္ဗာသေဝနဝသေန သောမနဿသဟဂတံ ဟုတွာ ပဝတ္တတေဝ.

Here, by the phrase 'he dwells equanimous at the six doors,' six-factored equanimity is spoken of. From the statement 'clearly comprehending,' four types of consciousness associated with knowledge are obtained, since clear comprehension is impossible without them. Because it is a constant dwelling, the eight great functional consciousnesses are obtained. From the phrase 'neither glad nor sad,' the eight great functional consciousnesses, the smile-producing consciousness, and the determining consciousness—thus ten types of consciousness are obtained. If the absence of pleasure and displeasure co-arisen with lust and hatred is common to these too, how then is pleasure obtained in these constant dwellings that are described in terms of six-factored equanimity? Through repeated practice. Although one whose taints are destroyed dwells for the most part equanimous, like one who is neutral, toward desirable and undesirable objects—because he does not abandon his own naturally pure state—sometimes, when there is no such mental volition, the mind of an arahant, by grasping the real nature of an object that is intrinsically desirable, does arise accompanied by pleasure on account of prior practice.

ပဌမအာဟုနေယျသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the First Discourse on Those Worthy of Offerings is concluded.

၂-၇. ဒုတိယအာဟုနေယျသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

2-7. Commentary on the Second to Seventh Discourses on Those Worthy of Offerings

၂-၇. ဒုတိယေ (ဝိသုဒ္ဓိ. ၂.၃၈၀) အနေကဝိဟိတန္တိ အနေကဝိဓံ နာနပ္ပကာရံ. ဣဒ္ဓိဝိဓန္တိ ဣဒ္ဓိကောဋ္ဌာသံ. ပစ္စနုဘောတီတိ ပစ္စနုဘဝတိ, ဖုသတိ သစ္ဆိကရောတိ ပါပုဏာတီတိ အတ္ထော. ဣဒါနိဿ အနေကဝိဟိတဘာဝံ ဒဿေန္တော ‘‘ဧကောပိ ဟုတွာ’’တိအာဒိမာဟ. တတ္ထ ‘‘ဧကောပိ ဟုတွာ’’တိ ဣမိနာ ကရဏတော ပုဗ္ဗေဝ ပကတိယာ ဧကောပိ ဟုတွာ. ဗဟုဓာ ဟောတီတိ ဗဟူနံ သန္တိကေ စင်္ကမိတုကာမော ဝါ သဇ္ဈာယံ ကာတုကာမော ဝါ ပဉှံ ပုစ္ဆိတုကာမော ဝါ ဟုတွာ သတမ္ပိ သဟဿမ္ပိ ဟောတိ. အာဝိဘာဝံ တိရောဘာဝန္တိ ဧတ္ထ အာဝိဘာဝံ ကရောတိ, တိရောဘာဝံ ကရောတီတိ အယမတ္ထော. ဣဒမေဝ ဟိ သန္ဓာယ ပဋိသမ္ဘိဒါယံ (ပဋိ. မ. ၃.၁၁) ဝုတ္တံ – ‘‘အာဝိဘာဝန္တိ ကေနစိ အနာဝုဋံ ဟောတိ အပ္ပဋိစ္ဆန္နံ ဝိဝဋံ, တိရောဘာဝန္တိ ကေနစိ အာဝုဋံ ဟောတိ ပဋိစ္ဆန္နံ ပိဟိတံ ပဋိကုဇ္ဇိတ’’န္တိ. တိရောကုဋ္ဋံ တိရောပါကာရံ တိရောပဗ္ဗတံ အသဇ္ဇမာနော ဂစ္ဆတိ သေယျထာပိ အာကာသေတိ ဧတ္ထ တိရောကုဋ္ဋန္တိ ပရကုဋ္ဋံ, ကုဋ္ဋဿ ပရဘာဂန္တိ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ. ဧသ နယော ဣတရေသု. ကုဋ္ဋောတိ စ ဂေဟဘိတ္တိယာ ဧတံ အဓိဝစနံ. ပါကာရောတိ ဂေဟဝိဟာရဂါမာဒီနံ ပရိက္ခေပပါကာရော. ပဗ္ဗတောတိ ပံသုပဗ္ဗတော ဝါ ပါသာဏပဗ္ဗတော ဝါ. အသဇ္ဇမာနောတိ အလဂ္ဂမာနော သေယျထာပိ အာကာသေ ဝိယ.

2-7. In the second sutta, 'manifold' (anekavihitaṃ) means of various kinds, of diverse sorts. 'The kinds of psychic power' (iddhividhaṃ) means the portion of psychic power. 'He experiences' (paccanubhoti) means he experiences, touches, realizes, attains. Now, to show its manifold nature, the text says, 'being one, he becomes many,' and so on. Therein, 'being one' means being one by nature even before the act of creation. 'He becomes many' means that when he wishes to do walking meditation, or to recite, or to ask a question in the presence of many, he becomes a hundred or even a thousand. 'Appearance and disappearance': here the meaning is that he makes himself appear and he makes himself disappear. It is with reference to this that it is said in the Paṭisambhidāmagga: 'Appearance means it is not enclosed by anything, it is uncovered, open. Disappearance means it is enclosed by something, it is covered, hidden, concealed.' 'He goes unhindered through a wall, a rampart, a mountain, as if through space': here 'through a wall' (tirokuṭṭaṃ) means to the other side of the wall; 'the far side of the wall' is what is said. This is the method for the other terms as well. 'Wall' (kuṭṭa) is a term for the wall of a house. 'Rampart' (pākāra) is the enclosing wall of a residence, a monastery, a village, etc. 'Mountain' (pabbata) is a mountain of earth or a mountain of rock. 'Unhindered' (asajjamāno) means not getting stuck, as if in open space.

ဥမ္မုဇ္ဇနိမုဇ္ဇန္တိ ဧတ္ထ ဥမ္မုဇ္ဇန္တိ ဥဋ္ဌာနံ ဝုစ္စတိ. နိမုဇ္ဇန္တိ သံသီဒနံ. ဥမ္မုဇ္ဇဉ္စ နိမုဇ္ဇဉ္စ ဥမ္မုဇ္ဇနိမုဇ္ဇံ. ဥဒကေပိ အဘိဇ္ဇမာနေတိ ဧတ္ထ ယံ ဥဒကံ အက္ကမိတွာ သံသီဒတိ, တံ ဘိဇ္ဇမာနန္တိ ဝုစ္စတိ, ဝိပရီတံ အဘိဇ္ဇမာနံ. ပလ္လင်္ကေန ဂစ္ဆတိ. ပက္ခီ [Pg.83] သကုဏောတိ ပက္ခေဟိ ယုတ္တသကုဏော. ဣမေပိ စန္ဒိမသူရိယေ ဧဝံမဟိဒ္ဓိကေ ဧဝံမဟာနုဘာဝေ ပါဏိနာ ပရာမသတီတိ ဧတ္ထ စန္ဒိမသူရိယာနံ ဒွါစတ္တာလီသယောဇနသဟဿဿ ဥပရိ စရဏေန မဟိဒ္ဓိကတာ, တီသု ဒီပေသု ဧကက္ခဏေ အာလောကကရဏေန မဟာနုဘာဝတာ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ. ဧဝံ ဥပရိစရဏအာလောကကရဏေဟိ မဟိဒ္ဓိကေ မဟာနုဘာဝေ. ပရာမသတီတိ ဂဏှာတိ, ဧကဒေသေ ဝါ ဆုပတိ. ပရိမဇ္ဇတီတိ သမန္တတော အာဒါသတလာ ဝိယ ပရိမဇ္ဇတိ. ယာဝ ဗြဟ္မလောကာပီတိ ဗြဟ္မလောကမ္ပိ ပရိစ္ဆေဒံ ကတွာ. ကာယေန ဝသံ ဝတ္တေတီတိ တတြ ဗြဟ္မလောကေ ကာယေန အတ္တနော ဝသံ ဝတ္တေတိ.

Regarding 'diving down and popping up' (ummujjanimujjaṃ): here 'popping up' (ummujjana) means rising up; 'diving down' (nimujjana) means sinking down. 'Diving down and popping up' is the compound of both. 'On water without it parting' (udakepi abhijjamāne): here, water that parts when one walks on it and one sinks is called 'parting' (bhijjamāna); the opposite is 'not parting' (abhijjamāna). 'He goes cross-legged' (pallaṅkena gacchati). 'A winged bird' (pakkhī sakuṇo) means a bird endowed with wings. 'He touches and strokes with his hand these moon and sun, so mighty and powerful': here, the might (mahiddhikatā) of the moon and sun should be understood from their travelling forty-two thousand leagues above, and their power (mahānubhāvatā) from their illuminating three continents in a single moment. Thus they are mighty and powerful on account of travelling above and illuminating. 'He touches' (parāmasati) means he takes hold of, or touches a part of them. 'He strokes' (parimajjati) means he rubs all over, like the surface of a mirror. 'Even up to the Brahmā world' (yāva brahmalokāpi) means having made even the Brahmā world his domain. 'He wields mastery with his body' (kāyena vasaṃ vatteti) means that he exercises his own mastery with his body there in the Brahmā world.

ဒိဗ္ဗာယ သောတဓာတုယာတိ ဧတ္ထ ဒိဗ္ဗသဒိသတ္တာ ဒိဗ္ဗာ. ဒေဝတာနဉှိ သုစရိတကမ္မနိဗ္ဗတ္တာ ပိတ္တသေမှရုဟိရာဒီဟိ အပလိဗုဒ္ဓါ ဥပက္ကိလေသဝိမုတ္တတာယ ဒူရေပိ အာရမ္မဏသမ္ပဋိစ္ဆနသမတ္ထာ ဒိဗ္ဗာ ပသာဒသောတဓာတု ဟောတိ. အယဉ္စာပိ ဣမဿ ဘိက္ခုနော ဝီရိယဘာဝနာဗလေန နိဗ္ဗတ္တာ ဉာဏသောတဓာတု တာဒိသာယေဝါတိ ဒိဗ္ဗသဒိသတ္တာ ဒိဗ္ဗာ. အပိစ ဒိဗ္ဗဝိဟာရဝသေန ပဋိလဒ္ဓတ္တာ အတ္တနာ စ ဒိဗ္ဗဝိဟာရသန္နိဿိတတ္တာပိ ဒိဗ္ဗာ. သဝနဋ္ဌေန နိဇ္ဇီဝဋ္ဌေန စ သောတဓာတု. သောတဓာတုကိစ္စကရဏေန သောတဓာတု ဝိယာတိပိ သောတဓာတု. တာယ သောတဓာတုယာ. ဝိသုဒ္ဓါယာတိ သုဒ္ဓါယ နိရုပက္ကိလေသာယ. အတိက္ကန္တမာနုသိကာယာတိ မနုဿူပစာရံ အတိက္ကမိတွာ သဒ္ဒသဝနေ မာနုသိကံ မံသသောတဓာတုံ အတိက္ကန္တာယ ဝီတိဝတ္တေတွာ ဌိတာယ. ဥဘော သဒ္ဒေ သုဏာတီတိ ဒွေ သဒ္ဒေ သုဏာတိ. ကတမေ ဒွေ? ဒိဗ္ဗေ စ မာနုသေ စ, ဒေဝါနဉ္စ မနုဿာနဉ္စ သဒ္ဒေတိ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ. ဧတေန ပဒေသပရိယာဒါနံ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ. ယေ ဒူရေ သန္တိကေ စာတိ ယေ သဒ္ဒါ ဒူရေ ပရစက္ကဝါဠေပိ, ယေ စ သန္တိကေ အန္တမသော သဒေဟသန္နိဿိတပါဏကသဒ္ဒါပိ, တေ သုဏာတီတိ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ. ဧတေန နိပ္ပဒေသပရိယာဒါနံ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ.

Regarding 'with the divine ear-element' (dibbāya sotadhātuyā): here, it is 'divine' (dibbā) because it is like the divine. For the divine ear-element of the deities, produced by their wholesome kamma, is unobstructed by bile, phlegm, blood, and so on; being free from imperfections, it is capable of receiving objects even from afar. This knowledge-ear-element, too, produced in this bhikkhu by the power of his energy and meditation development, is just like that; hence it is 'divine' because of its similarity to the divine. Moreover, it is 'divine' because it is attained by means of the divine abiding and because it is itself dependent on the divine abiding. It is the 'ear-element' (sotadhātu) in the sense of hearing and in the sense of being non-sentient. It is also like the ear-element because it performs the function of the ear-element. 'With that ear-element.' 'Purified' (visuddhāya) means clean, without imperfections. 'Surpassing the human' (atikkantamānusikāya) means that in hearing sounds it has surpassed the human sphere, that it stands having gone beyond the human ear-element of flesh. 'He hears both sounds' means he hears two kinds of sounds. Which two? Divine and human; that is, the sounds of deities and of humans. By this, a partial inclusion should be understood. 'Those that are far and near': this means he hears sounds that are far away, even in other world-systems, and those that are near, down to the sounds of creatures dwelling in his own body. By this, a complete inclusion should be understood.

ပရသတ္တာနန္တိ အတ္တာနံ ဌပေတွာ သေသသတ္တာနံ. ပရပုဂ္ဂလာနန္တိ ဣဒမ္ပိ ဣမိနာ ဧကတ္ထမေဝ. ဝေနေယျဝသေန ပန ဒေသနာဝိလာသေန စ ဗျဉ္ဇနနာနတ္တံ ကတံ. စေတသာ စေတောတိ အတ္တနော စိတ္တေန တေသံ စိတ္တံ. ပရိစ္စာတိ ပရိစ္ဆိန္ဒိတွာ. ပဇာနာတီတိ သရာဂါဒိဝသေန နာနပ္ပကာရတော ဇာနာတိ. သရာဂံ ဝါ စိတ္တန္တိအာဒီသု ပန အဋ္ဌလောဘသဟဂတစိတ္တံ သရာဂံ စိတ္တန္တိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ. အဝသေသံ စာတုဘူမကံ ကုသလာဗျာကတစိတ္တံ ဝီတရာဂံ. ဒွေ [Pg.84] ဒေါမနဿစိတ္တာနိ, ဒွေ ဝိစိကိစ္ဆုဒ္ဓစ္စစိတ္တာနီတိ ဣမာနိ ပန စတ္တာရိ စိတ္တာနိ ဣမသ္မိံ ဒုကေ သင်္ဂဟံ န ဂစ္ဆန္တိ. ကေစိ ပန ထေရာ တာနိပိ သင်္ဂဏှန္တိ. ဒုဝိဓံ ပန ဒေါမနဿစိတ္တံ သဒေါသံ စိတ္တံ နာမ. သဗ္ဗမ္ပိ စာတုဘူမကံ ကုသလာဗျာကတစိတ္တံ ဝီတဒေါသံ. သေသာနိ ဒသ အကုသလစိတ္တာနိ ဣမသ္မိံ ဒုကေ သင်္ဂဟံ န ဂစ္ဆန္တိ. ကေစိ ပန ထေရာ တာနိပိ သင်္ဂဏှန္တိ. သမောဟံ ဝီတမောဟန္တိ ဧတ္ထ ပန ပါဋိပုဂ္ဂလိကနယေန ဝိစိကိစ္ဆုဒ္ဓစ္စသဟဂတဒွယမေဝ သမောဟံ. မောဟဿ ပန သဗ္ဗာကုသလေသု သမ္ဘဝတော ဒွါဒသဝိဓမ္ပိ အကုသလစိတ္တံ သမောဟံ စိတ္တန္တိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ. အဝသေသံ ဝီတမောဟံ. ထိနမိဒ္ဓါနုဂတံ ပန သံခိတ္တံ, ဥဒ္ဓစ္စာနုဂတံ ဝိက္ခိတ္တံ. ရူပါဝစရာရူပါဝစရံ မဟဂ္ဂတံ, အဝသေသံ အမဟဂ္ဂတံ. သဗ္ဗမ္ပိ တေဘူမကံ သဥတ္တရံ, လောကုတ္တရံ အနုတ္တရံ. ဥပစာရပ္ပတ္တံ အပ္ပနာပ္ပတ္တဉ္စ သမာဟိတံ, ဥဘယမပ္ပတ္တံ အသမာဟိတံ. တဒင်္ဂဝိက္ခမ္ဘနသမုစ္ဆေဒပ္ပဋိပ္ပဿဒ္ဓိနိဿရဏဝိမုတ္တိံ ပတ္တံ ပဉ္စဝိဓမ္ပိ ဧတံ ဝိမုတ္တံ, ဝိမုတ္တိမပ္ပတ္တံ ဝါ အဝိမုတ္တန္တိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ.

'Other beings' means all beings apart from oneself. 'Other individuals' has the same meaning as this. However, the variation in wording is made for the sake of adapting to the audience and for elegance in the teaching. 'With mind, the mind' means with one's own mind, their mind. `Paricca` means having encompassed. 'He understands' means he understands in various ways, such as in terms of lust and so on. In the phrase 'a mind with lust,' etc., a mind accompanied by the eight kinds of greed should be understood as 'a mind with lust.' The remaining wholesome and indeterminate minds of the four planes are 'without lust.' However, the two minds accompanied by displeasure and the two minds accompanied by doubt and restlessness—these four minds—do not fall under this pair. But some elders include them too. The two kinds of minds accompanied by displeasure are called 'minds with aversion.' All wholesome and indeterminate minds of the four planes are 'without aversion.' The remaining ten unwholesome minds do not fall under this pair. But some elders include them too. Regarding 'a mind with delusion' and 'a mind without delusion,' here, from an individual perspective, only the two minds accompanied by doubt and restlessness are 'with delusion.' However, since delusion is present in all unwholesome states, all twelve types of unwholesome minds should be understood as 'minds with delusion.' The rest are 'without delusion.' A mind accompanied by sloth and torpor is 'contracted,' while one accompanied by restlessness is 'scattered.' Form-sphere and formless-sphere minds are 'exalted,' while the rest are 'not exalted.' All minds pertaining to the three planes are 'with a superior,' while the supramundane is 'without a superior.' A mind that has attained access concentration or full absorption is 'concentrated,' while one that has attained neither is 'unconcentrated.' A mind that has attained any of these five kinds of liberation—liberation by substitution, by suppression, by cutting off, by tranquillization, and by escape—is 'liberated'; one that has not attained liberation is to be understood as 'unliberated'.

အနေကဝိဟိတန္တိ (ပါရာ. အဋ္ဌ. ၁.၁၂) အနေကဝိဓံ, အနေကေဟိ ဝါ ပကာရေဟိ ပဝတ္တိတံ သံဝဏ္ဏိတန္တိ အတ္ထော. ပုဗ္ဗေနိဝါသန္တိ သမနန္တရာတီတဘဝံ အာဒိံ ကတွာ တတ္ထ တတ္ထ နိဝုတ္ထသန္တာနံ. အနုဿရတီတိ ခန္ဓပဋိပါဋိဝသေန, စုတိပဋိသန္ဓိဝသေန ဝါ အနုဂန္တွာ အနုဂန္တွာ သရတိ. သေယျထိဒံ – ဧကမ္ပိ ဇာတိံ…ပေ… ပုဗ္ဗေနိဝါသံ အနုဿရတီတိ. တတ္ထ ဧကမ္ပိ ဇာတိန္တိ ဧကမ္ပိ ပဋိသန္ဓိမူလံ စုတိပရိယောသာနံ ဧကဘဝပရိယာပန္နံ ခန္ဓသန္တာနံ. ဧသ နယော ဒွေပိ ဇာတိယောတိအာဒီသုပိ. အနေကေပိ သံဝဋ္ဋကပ္ပေတိအာဒီသု ပန ပရိဟာယမာနော ကပ္ပော သံဝဋ္ဋကပ္ပော, ဝဍ္ဎမာနော ဝိဝဋ္ဋကပ္ပောတိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. တတ္ထ သံဝဋ္ဋေန သံဝဋ္ဋဋ္ဌာယီ ဂဟိတော ဟောတိ တံမူလကတ္တာ, ဝိဝဋ္ဋေန ဝိဝဋ္ဋဋ္ဌာယီ. ဧဝဉှိ သတိ ယာနိ တာနိ ‘‘စတ္တာရိမာနိ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, ကပ္ပဿ အသင်္ချေယျာနိ. ကတမာနိ စတ္တာရိ? သံဝဋ္ဋော သံဝဋ္ဋဋ္ဌာယီ ဝိဝဋ္ဋော ဝိဝဋ္ဋဋ္ဌာယီ’’တိ (အ. နိ. ၄.၁၅၆) ဝုတ္တာနိ, တာနိ ပရိဂ္ဂဟိတာနိ ဟောန္တိ.

'Of various kinds' (Pārā. Aṭṭha. 1.12) means of many kinds, or described as having occurred in various ways. 'Past lives' means the continuity of beings who have lived here and there, beginning with the immediately preceding existence. 'He recollects' means he recollects by following the succession of aggregates or by the process of death and rebirth. For example: 'He recollects one birth... up to recollecting past lives.' Here, 'one birth' refers to a single continuum of aggregates, from the root of rebirth-linking to the end of death, encompassing one complete existence. The same principle applies to 'two births,' etc. In the case of 'many cycles of contraction and expansion,' a declining eon should be understood as a 'cycle of contraction,' while an increasing eon is a 'cycle of expansion.' Here, by 'contraction,' the period of remaining contracted is taken, because it is its root; and by 'expansion,' the period of remaining expanded. Thus, when it is said, 'Monks, there are these four incalculable aeons. Which four? The aeon of contraction, the aeon of remaining contracted, the aeon of expansion, and the aeon of remaining expanded' (A. Ni. 4.156), these are included.

အမုတြာသိန္တိ အမုမှိ သံဝဋ္ဋကပ္ပေ အဟံ အမုမှိ ဘဝေ ဝါ ယောနိယာ ဝါ ဂဟိယာ ဝါ ဝိညာဏဋ္ဌိတိယာ ဝါ သတ္တာဝါသေ ဝါ သတ္တနိကာယေ ဝါ အာသိံ. ဧဝံနာမောတိ တိဿော ဝါ ဖုဿော ဝါ. ဧဝံဂေါတ္တောတိ ဂေါတမော ဝါ ကစ္စာယနော ဝါ ကဿပေါ ဝါ. ဣဒမဿ အတီတဘဝေ အတ္တနော နာမဂေါတ္တာနုဿရဏဝသေန ဝုတ္တံ. သစေ ပန တသ္မိံ ကာလေ အတ္တနော ဝဏ္ဏသမ္ပတ္တိလူခပဏီတဇီဝိကဘာဝံ [Pg.85] သုခဒုက္ခဗဟုလတံ အပ္ပာယုကဒီဃာယုကဘာဝံ ဝါ အနုဿရိတုကာမော ဟောတိ, တမ္ပိ အနုဿရတိယေဝ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဧဝံဝဏ္ဏော…ပေ… ဧဝမာယုပရိယန္တော’’တိ. တတ္ထ ဧဝံဝဏ္ဏောတိ ဩဒါတော ဝါ သာမော ဝါ. ဧဝမာဟာရောတိ သာလိမံသောဒနာဟာရော ဝါ ပဝတ္တဖလဘောဇနော ဝါ. ဧဝံသုခဒုက္ခပ္ပဋိသံဝေဒီတိ အနေန ပကာရေန ကာယိကစေတသိကာနံ သာမိသနိရာမိသာဒိပ္ပဘေဒါနံ သုခဒုက္ခာနံ ပဋိသံဝေဒီ. ဧဝမာယုပရိယန္တောတိ ဧဝံ ဝဿသတပရိမာဏာယုပရိယန္တော ဝါ စတုရာသီတိကပ္ပသဟဿာယုပရိယန္တော ဝါ. သော တတော စုတော အမုတြ ဥဒပါဒိန္တိ သော အဟံ တတော ဘဝတော ယောနိတော ဂဟိတော ဝိညာဏဋ္ဌိတိတော သတ္တာဝါသတော သတ္တနိကာယတော ဝါ စုတော ပုနအမုကသ္မိံ နာမ ဘဝေ ယောနိယာ ဂတိယာ ဝိညာဏဋ္ဌိတိယာ သတ္တာဝါသေ သက္ကနိကာယေ ဝါ ဥဒပါဒိံ. တတြာပါသိန္တိ တတြာပိ ဘဝေ ယောနိယာ ဂတိယာ ဝိညာဏဋ္ဌိတိယာ သတ္တာဝါသေ သတ္တနိကာယေ ဝါ ပုန အဟောသိံ. ဧဝံနာမောတိအာဒိ ဝုတ္တနယမေဝ.

'There I was' means 'I was in that cycle of contraction; or in that existence, womb, destination, station of consciousness, abode of beings, or class of beings.' 'With such a name' means, for example, Tissa or Phussa. 'Of such a clan' means, for example, Gotama, Kaccāyana, or Kassapa. This is said with reference to recollecting one’s own name and clan in past existences. If one wishes to recollect one’s excellence of appearance, whether one's livelihood was coarse or refined, the abundance of pleasure and pain, or whether one had a short or long lifespan at that time, one recollects that too. Hence it is said: 'With such an appearance... up to with such a lifespan.' Here, 'with such an appearance' means fair or dark. 'With such food' means eating rice and meat or consuming fruits that naturally occur. 'Experiencing such pleasure and pain' means experiencing physical and mental pleasure and pain, whether worldly or unworldly, and so forth, in such a way. 'With such a lifespan' means living for a hundred years or up to eighty-four thousand eons. 'Having passed away from there, I arose elsewhere' means 'I, having passed away from that existence, womb, destination, station of consciousness, abode of beings, or class of beings, was reborn in such-and-such an existence, womb, destination, station of consciousness, abode of beings, or class of beings.' 'There too I was' means 'I was also in that existence, womb, destination, station of consciousness, abode of beings, or class of beings.' 'With such a name,' etc., follows the same pattern as before.

အပိစ အမုတြာသိန္တိ ဣဒံ အနုပုဗ္ဗေန အာရောဟန္တဿ ယာဝဒိစ္ဆကံ အနုဿရဏံ. သော တတောတိ ပဋိနိဝတ္တန္တဿ ပစ္စဝေက္ခဏံ, တသ္မာ ‘‘ဣဓူပပန္နော’’တိ ဣမိဿာ ဣဓူပပတ္တိယာ အနန္တရမေဝ ဥပ္ပတ္တိဋ္ဌာနံ သန္ဓာယ ‘‘အမုတြ ဥဒပါဒိ’’န္တိ ဣဒံ ဝုတ္တန္တိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ. တတြာပါသိန္တိ ဧဝမာဒိ ပနဿ တတြာပိ ဣမိဿာ ဥပပတ္တိယာ အန္တရေ ဥပပတ္တိဋ္ဌာနေ နာမဂေါတ္တာဒီနံ အနုဿရဏဒဿနတ္ထံ ဝုတ္တံ. သော တတော စုတော ဣဓူပပန္နောတိ သွာဟံ တတော အနန္တရုပ္ပတ္တိဋ္ဌာနတော စုတော ဣဓ အမုကသ္မိံ နာမ ခတ္တိယကုလေ ဝါ ဗြာဟ္မဏကုလေ ဝါ နိဗ္ဗတ္တောတိ. ဣတီတိ ဧဝံ. သာကာရံ သဥဒ္ဒေသန္တိ နာမဂေါတ္တဝသေန သဥဒ္ဒေသံ, ဝဏ္ဏာဒိဝသေန သာကာရံ. နာမဂေါတ္တေန ဟိ သတ္တော ‘‘တိဿော ကဿပေါ’’တိ ဥဒ္ဒိသီယတိ, ဝဏ္ဏာဒီဟိ ‘‘သာမော ဩဒါတော’’တိ နာနတ္တတော ပညာယတိ, တသ္မာ နာမဂေါတ္တံ ဥဒ္ဒေသော, ဣတရေ အာကာရာ.

Moreover, 'there I was' refers to the successive recollection of one ascending as far as desired. 'He, from there' is a reviewing for one turning back. Therefore, it should be understood that the phrase 'there he arose' is said with reference to the place of arising immediately preceding this rebirth here. 'There too I was,' and so on, is said to show the recollection of name, clan, and so on, in the intermediate places of rebirth before this current one. 'Having passed away from there, he was reborn here' means 'I, having passed away from that immediately preceding place of rebirth, was born here in such-and-such a khattiya or brahmin family.' 'Thus' means in this way. 'With features and details' means with details by name and clan, and with features by complexion and so on. For a being is designated by name and clan as, for example, 'Tissa Kassapa,' but is distinguished by variations such as 'dark or fair' through complexion and other traits. Therefore, the name and clan are the designation, while the rest are the features.

ဒိဗ္ဗေနာတိအာဒီသု ဒိဗ္ဗသဒိသတ္တာ ဒိဗ္ဗံ. ဒေဝတာနဉှိ သုစရိတကမ္မနိဗ္ဗတ္တံ ပိတ္တသေမှရုဟိရာဒီဟိ အပလိဗုဒ္ဓံ ဥပက္ကိလေသဝိမုတ္တတာယ ဒူရေပိ အာရမ္မဏသမ္ပဋိစ္ဆနသမတ္ထံ ဒိဗ္ဗံ ပသာဒစက္ခု ဟောတိ. ဣဒဉ္စာပိ ဝီရိယဘာဝနာဗလေန နိဗ္ဗတ္တံ ဉာဏစက္ခု တာဒိသမေဝါတိ ဒိဗ္ဗသဒိသတ္တာ ဒိဗ္ဗံ. ဒိဗ္ဗဝိဟာရဝသေန ပဋိလဒ္ဓတ္တာ အတ္တနော စ ဒိဗ္ဗဝိဟာရသန္နိဿိတတ္တာပိ ဒိဗ္ဗံ. အာလောကပရိဂ္ဂဟေန မဟာဇုတိကတ္တာပိ [Pg.86] ဒိဗ္ဗံ. တိရောကုဋ္ဋာဒိဂတရူပဒဿနေန မဟာဂတိကတ္တာပိ ဒိဗ္ဗံ. တံ သဗ္ဗံ သဒ္ဒသတ္ထာနုသာရေန ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ. ဒဿနဋ္ဌေန စက္ခု. စက္ခုကိစ္စကရဏေန စက္ခုမိဝါတိပိ စက္ခု. စုတူပပါတဒဿနေန ဒိဋ္ဌိဝိသုဒ္ဓိဟေတုတ္တာ ဝိသုဒ္ဓံ. ယော ဟိ စုတိမေဝ ပဿတိ, န ဥပပါတံ, သော ဥစ္ဆေဒဒိဋ္ဌိံ ဂဏှာတိ. ယော ဥပပါတမေဝ ပဿတိ, န စုတိံ, သော နဝသတ္တပါတုဘာဝဒိဋ္ဌိံ ဂဏှာတိ. ယော ပန တဒုဘယံ ပဿတိ, သော ယသ္မာ ဒုဝိဓမ္ပိ တံ ဒိဋ္ဌိဂတံ အတိဝတ္တတိ, တသ္မာ တံ ဒဿနံ ဒိဋ္ဌိဝိသုဒ္ဓိဟေတု ဟောတိ. ဥဘယမ္ပိ စေတံ ဗုဒ္ဓပုတ္တာ ပဿန္တိ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘စုတူပပါတဒဿနေန ဒိဋ္ဌိဝိသုဒ္ဓိဟေတုတ္တာ ဝိသုဒ္ဓ’’န္တိ. မနုဿူပစာရံ အတိက္ကမိတွာ ရူပဒဿနေန အတိက္ကန္တမာနုသကံ, မာနုသံ ဝါ မံသစက္ခုံ အတိက္ကန္တတ္တာ အတိက္ကန္တမာနုသကန္တိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ. တေန ဒိဗ္ဗေန စက္ခုနာ ဝိသုဒ္ဓေန အတိက္ကန္တမာနုသကေန.

In the term 'divine' (dibba), it is called 'divine' because it resembles the divine. For the divine eye of sensitivity (pasādacakkhu), which arises from the wholesome deeds of deities, is unhindered by bile, phlegm, blood, and so forth, and being free from defilements, it is capable of perceiving objects even from afar. This eye of wisdom (ñāṇacakkhu), too, produced through the power of energy and cultivation, is similar, and thus it is called 'divine' because it resembles the divine. It is also called 'divine' because it is attained through divine abiding (dibbavihāra) and because it relies on divine abiding. Due to its great radiance in capturing light, it is also 'divine.' Because it sees forms beyond walls and other obstacles, it is also 'divine' due to its great range. All this should be understood in accordance with the science of words. In the sense of seeing, it is an 'eye.' Because it performs the function of an eye, it is also like an 'eye.' Because it sees the passing away and rebirth of beings, it is 'purified' (visuddha), as it is the cause for purity of view. For one who sees only passing away but not rebirth holds the view of annihilation. One who sees only rebirth but not passing away holds the view of the arising of a new being. But one who sees both transcends both kinds of wrong view, and thus this seeing becomes a cause for purity of view. Both of these are seen by the Buddha's children. Therefore, it is said, 'Because it sees the passing away and rebirth of beings, it is purified as the cause for purity of view.' By transcending the human sphere and seeing forms, it is called 'transcending the human' (atikkantamānusaka), or it should be understood as 'transcending the human' because it transcends the human fleshly eye. Thus, with this divine eye, purified and transcending the human...

သတ္တေ ပဿတီတိ မနုဿာနံ မံသစက္ခုနာ ဝိယ သတ္တေ ဩလောကေတိ. စဝမာနေ ဥပပဇ္ဇမာနေတိ ဧတ္ထ စုတိက္ခဏေ ဝါ ဥပပတ္တိက္ခဏေ ဝါ ဒိဗ္ဗစက္ခုနာ ဒဋ္ဌုံ န သက္ကာ. ယေ ပန အာသန္နစုတိကာ ဣဒါနိ စဝိဿန္တိ, တေ စဝမာနာတိ, ယေ စ ဂဟိတပ္ပဋိသန္ဓိကာ သမ္ပတိနိဗ္ဗတ္တာ စ, တေ ဥပပဇ္ဇမာနာတိ အဓိပ္ပေတာ. တေ ဧဝရူပေ စဝမာနေ ဥပပဇ္ဇမာနေ စ ပဿတီတိ ဒဿေတိ. ဟီနေတိ မောဟနိဿန္ဒယုတ္တတ္တာ ဟီနာနံ ဇာတိကုလဘောဂါဒီနံ ဝသေန ဟီဠိတေ ဥညာတေ. ပဏီတေတိ အမောဟနိဿန္ဒယုတ္တတ္တာ တဗ္ဗိပရီတေ. သုဝဏ္ဏေတိ အဒေါသနိဿန္ဒယုတ္တတ္တာ ဣဋ္ဌကန္တမနာပဝဏ္ဏယုတ္တေ. ဒုဗ္ဗဏ္ဏေတိ ဒေါသနိဿန္ဒယုတ္တတ္တာ အနိဋ္ဌာကန္တာမနာပဝဏ္ဏယုတ္တေ, ဝိရူပဝိရူပေတိပိ အတ္ထော. သုဂတေတိ သုဂတိဂတေ, အလောဘနိဿန္ဒယုတ္တတ္တာ ဝါ အဍ္ဎေ မဟဒ္ဓနေ. ဒုဂ္ဂတေတိ ဒုဂ္ဂတိဂတေ, လောဘနိဿန္ဒယုတ္တတ္တာ ဝါ ဒလိဒ္ဒေ အပ္ပန္နပါနေ.

'He sees beings' means he observes beings as if with the human fleshly eye. In the phrase 'passing away and being reborn,' it is not possible to see with the divine eye at the moment of decease or the moment of rebirth. But those who are near death and will decease now are intended as 'passing away,' and those who have grasped rebirth-linking and have newly arisen are intended as 'being reborn.' It shows that one sees such beings passing away and being reborn. 'Inferior' means those who are despised and looked down upon due to low birth, family, wealth, and so forth, because they are connected with the outflow of delusion. 'Superior' means the opposite of the former, being connected with the outflow of non-delusion. 'Beautiful' means those endowed with agreeable, pleasing, and attractive complexions, being connected with the outflow of non-hatred. 'Ugly' means those endowed with disagreeable, unattractive complexions, being connected with the outflow of hatred; the meaning also includes deformed and misshapen. 'Fortunate' means those who have gone to a good destination, or who are rich and very wealthy, being connected with the outflow of non-greed. 'Unfortunate' means those who have gone to a bad destination, or who are poor and lacking food and drink, being connected with the outflow of greed.

ယထာကမ္မူပဂေတိ ယံ ယံ ကမ္မံ ဥပစိတံ, တေန တေန ဥပဂတေ. ကာယဒုစ္စရိတေနာတိအာဒီသု ဒုဋ္ဌု စရိတံ ကိလေသပူတိကတ္တာတိ ဒုစ္စရိတံ. ကာယေန ဒုစ္စရိတံ, ကာယတော ဝါ ဥပ္ပန္နံ ဒုစ္စရိတန္တိ ကာယဒုစ္စရိတံ. ဣတရေသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော. သမန္နာဂတာတိ သမင်္ဂိဘူတာ. အရိယာနံ ဥပဝါဒကာတိ ဗုဒ္ဓပစ္စေကဗုဒ္ဓသာဝကာနံ အရိယာနံ အန္တမသော ဂိဟိသောတာပန္နာနမ္ပိ အနတ္ထကာမာ ဟုတွာ အန္တိမဝတ္ထုနာ ဝါ ဂုဏပရိဓံသနေန ဝါ ဥပဝါဒကာ, အက္ကောသကာ ဂရဟကာတိ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ. မိစ္ဆာဒိဋ္ဌိကာတိ ဝိပရီတဒဿနာ[Pg.87]. မိစ္ဆာဒိဋ္ဌိကမ္မသမာဒါနာတိ မိစ္ဆာဒိဋ္ဌိဝသေန သမာဒိန္နနာနာဝိဓကမ္မာ, ယေပိ မိစ္ဆာဒိဋ္ဌိမူလကေသု ကာယကမ္မာဒီသု အညေပိ သမာဒါပေန္တိ.

As one is led by one's kamma: one fares on in accordance with whatever kamma one has accumulated. In 'bodily misconduct,' and so forth, it is misconduct (duccarita) because it is badly conducted (duṭṭhu caritaṃ), being putrid with defilements. Bodily misconduct is misconduct by way of the body, or misconduct that has arisen from the body; the same method applies to the others. 'Endowed' means possessed of. 'Those who revile the noble ones' means those who, wishing them harm, revile, abuse, or censure the noble ones—Buddhas, paccekabuddhas, and disciples, down to lay stream-enterers—either with the ultimate accusation or by disparaging their virtues. 'Those of wrong view' are those with a perverted view. 'Those who undertake actions based on wrong view' are those who, on account of wrong view, undertake various kinds of kamma, and who also incite others to undertake bodily kamma, and so forth, rooted in wrong view.

ကာယဿ ဘေဒါတိ ဥပါဒိန္နက္ခန္ဓပရိစ္စာဂါ. ပရံ မရဏာတိ တဒနန္တရံ အဘိနိဗ္ဗတ္တက္ခန္ဓဂ္ဂဟဏာ. အထ ဝါ ကာယဿ ဘေဒါတိ ဇီဝိတိန္ဒြိယဿူပစ္ဆေဒါ. ပရံ မရဏာတိ စုတိစိတ္တတော ဥဒ္ဓံ. အပါယန္တိ ဧဝမာဒိ သဗ္ဗံ နိရယဝေဝစနမေဝ. နိရယော ဟိ သဂ္ဂမောက္ခဟေတုဘူတာ ပုညသမ္မတာ အယာ အပေတတ္တာ, သုခါနံ ဝါ အာယဿ အဘာဝါ အပါယော. ဒုက္ခဿ ဂတိ ပဋိသရဏန္တိ ဒုဂ္ဂတိ, ဒေါသဗဟုလတာယ ဝါ ဒုဋ္ဌေန ကမ္မေန နိဗ္ဗတ္တာ ဂတီတိ ဒုဂ္ဂတိ. ဝိဝသာ နိပတန္တိ တတ္ထ ဒုက္ကဋ္ဋကာရိနောတိ ဝိနိပါတော, ဝိနဿန္တာ ဝါ ဧတ္ထ ပတန္တိ သမ္ဘိဇ္ဇမာနင်္ဂပစ္စင်္ဂါတိ ဝိနိပါတော. နတ္ထိ ဧတ္ထ အဿာဒသညိတော အယောတိ နိရယော.

'With the breakup of the body' means with the relinquishment of the clung-to aggregates. 'After death' means with the grasping of the newly arisen aggregates immediately after that. Alternatively, 'with the breakup of the body' means with the cutting off of the life faculty. 'After death' means subsequent to the death-consciousness. 'State of deprivation,' and so on, are all synonyms for the nether world. For the nether world is called a 'state of deprivation' (apāya) because it is devoid of the good fortune which is approved as merit, the cause for heaven and liberation; or it is an apāya because of the absence of the fortune of happiness. It is a 'bad destination' (duggati) because it is a destination and resort for suffering; or it is a duggati because it is a destination produced by bad kamma due to an abundance of hatred. It is the 'abyss' (vinipāta) because evildoers fall there helplessly; or it is a vinipāta because beings fall there perishing, with their limbs and members shattering. It is 'hell' (niraya) because there is no fortune called gratification here.

အထ ဝါ အပါယဂ္ဂဟဏေန တိရစ္ဆာနယောနိံ ဒီပေတိ. တိရစ္ဆာနယောနိ ဟိ အပါယော သုဂတိတော အပေတတ္တာ, န ဒုဂ္ဂတိ မဟေသက္ခာနံ နာဂရာဇာဒီနံ သမ္ဘဝတော. ဒုဂ္ဂတိဂ္ဂဟဏေန ပေတ္တိဝိသယဉ္စ. သော ဟိ အပါယော စေဝ ဒုဂ္ဂတိ စ သုဂတိတော အပေတတ္တာ ဒုက္ခဿ စ ဂတိဘူတတ္တာ, န တု ဝိနိပါတော အသုရသဒိသံ အဝိနိပတိတတ္တာ. ဝိနိပါတဂ္ဂဟဏေန အသုရကာယံ. သော ဟိ ယထာဝုတ္တေန အတ္ထေန အပါယော စေဝ ဒုဂ္ဂတိ စ သဗ္ဗသမုဿယေဟိ ဝိနိပတိတတ္တာ ဝိနိပါတောတိ ဝုစ္စတိ. နိရယဂ္ဂဟဏေန အဝီစိအာဒိကမနေကပ္ပကာရံ နိရယမေဝါတိ. ဥပပန္နာတိ ဥပဂတာ, တတ္ထ အဘိနိဗ္ဗတ္တာတိ အဓိပ္ပာယော. ဝုတ္တဝိပရိယာယေန သုက္ကပက္ခော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. အယံ ပန ဝိသေသော – တတ္ထ သုဂတိဂ္ဂဟဏေန မနုဿာဂတိပိ သင်္ဂယှတိ, သဂ္ဂဂ္ဂဟဏေန ဒေဝဂတိယေဝ. တတ္ထ သုန္ဒရာ ဂတီတိ သုဂတိ. ရူပါဒီဟိ ဝိသယေဟိ သုဋ္ဌု အဂ္ဂေါတိ သဂ္ဂေါ. သော သဗ္ဗောပိ လုဇ္ဇနပ္ပလုဇ္ဇနဋ္ဌေန လောကောတိ အယမေတ္ထ သင်္ခေပေါ. ဝိတ္ထာရော ပန သဗ္ဗာကာရေန ဝိသုဒ္ဓိမဂ္ဂသံဝဏ္ဏနာတော ဂဟေတဗ္ဗော. တတိယာဒီနိ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထာနိ.

Alternatively, by the term 'state of deprivation' it indicates the animal realm. For the animal realm is a state of deprivation because it is devoid of a good destination, but it is not a bad destination because powerful beings such as nāga kings are found there. By the term 'bad destination' it also indicates the sphere of ghosts. This is both a state of deprivation and a bad destination because it is devoid of a good destination and is a destination of suffering, but it is not the abyss because it has not fallen into ruin like the asuras. By the term 'abyss' it indicates the host of asuras. For the reason stated, this is both a state of deprivation and a bad destination, and it is called the 'abyss' because it has fallen from all its eminences. By the term 'hell' it indicates the many kinds of hells, such as Avīci. 'Reborn' means having gone there; the intention is 'newly arisen there.' The bright side should be understood in the reverse way to what has been stated. But there is this distinction: here, by the term 'good destination,' the human destination is also included, while by the term 'heaven,' only the divine destination is meant. There, a 'good destination' (sugati) is a beautiful destination. 'Heaven' (sagga) is so called because it is exceedingly excellent with regard to such objects as forms. All this is called 'world' (loka) in the sense of wearing away and breaking up. This is the summary here. The detailed account, however, should be taken in all its aspects from the explanation in the Visuddhimagga. The third and following suttas are clear in meaning.

ဒုတိယအာဟုနေယျသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Second Āhuneyya Sutta and others is finished.

၈. အနုတ္တရိယသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

8. Commentary on the Anuttariya Sutta

၈. အဋ္ဌမေ [Pg.88] နတ္ထိ ဧတေသံ ဥတ္တရာနိ ဝိသိဋ္ဌာနီတိ အနုတ္တရာနိ, အနုတ္တရာနိ ဧဝ အနုတ္တရိယာနိ ယထာ ‘‘အနန္တမေဝ အနန္တရိယ’’န္တိ အာဟ ‘‘နိရုတ္တရာနီ’’တိ. ဒဿနာနုတ္တရိယံ နာမ ဖလဝိသေသာဝဟတ္တာ. ဧသ နယော သေသေသုပိ. သတ္တဝိဓအရိယဓနလာဘောတိ သတ္တဝိဓသဒ္ဓါဒိလောကုတ္တရဓနလာဘော. သိက္ခာတ္တယဿ ပူရဏန္တိ အဓိသီလသိက္ခာဒီနံ တိဿန္နံ သိက္ခာနံ ပူရဏံ. တတ္ထ ပူရဏံ နိပ္ပရိယာယတော အသေက္ခာနံ ဝသေန ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ. ကလျာဏပုထုဇ္ဇနတော ပဋ္ဌာယ ဟိ သတ္တ သေခါ တိဿော သိက္ခာ ပူရေန္တိ နာမ, အရဟာ ပရိပုဏ္ဏသိက္ခောတိ. ဣတိ ဣမာနိ အနုတ္တရိယာနိ လောကိယလောကုတ္တရာနိ ကထိတာနိ.

8. In the eighth sutta: They are 'unsurpassable' (anuttarāni) because there are no other superior or more distinguished things than these. 'Unsurpassable things' (anuttariyāni) are just the unsurpassable (anuttarāni), just as it is said, 'the infinite (ananta) is indeed the infinite (ānantariya).' He said 'without a superior' (niruttarāni). 'The unsurpassable seeing' is so called because it brings about a special fruit. This method applies to the rest as well. 'The attainment of the sevenfold noble wealth' is the attainment of the seven kinds of supramundane wealth beginning with faith. 'The fulfillment of the threefold training' is the fulfillment of the three trainings, namely, the training in higher virtue, and so forth. Here, fulfillment should be understood in the primary sense with reference to the non-learner (asekha). For beginning from the virtuous worldling, the seven learners fulfill the three trainings only in name, but the arahant is one whose training is fulfilled. Thus these unsurpassable things, both worldly and supramundane, have been spoken of.

အနုတ္တရိယသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Anuttariya Sutta is finished.

၉. အနုဿတိဋ္ဌာနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

9. Commentary on the Anussatiṭṭhāna Sutta

၉. နဝမေ အနုဿတိယော ဧဝ ဒိဋ္ဌဓမ္မိကသမ္ပရာယိကာဒိဟိတသုခါနံ ကာရဏဘာဝတော ဌာနာနီတိ အနုဿတိဋ္ဌာနာနိ. ဗုဒ္ဓဂုဏာရမ္မဏာ သတီတိ ယထာ ဗုဒ္ဓါနုဿတိ ဝိသေသာဓိဂမဿ ဌာနံ ဟောတိ, ဧဝံ ‘‘ဣတိပိ သော ဘဂဝါ’’တိအာဒိနာ ဗုဒ္ဓဂုဏေ အာရဗ္ဘေ ဥပ္ပန္နာ သတိ. ဧဝံ အနုဿရတော ဟိ ပီတိ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ, သော တံ ပီတိံ ခယတော ဝယတော ပဋ္ဌပေတွာ အရဟတ္တံ ပါပုဏာတိ. ဥပစာရကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ နာမေတံ ဂိဟီနမ္ပိ လဗ္ဘတိ. ဥပစာရကမ္မဋ္ဌာနန္တိ စ ပစ္စက္ခတော ဥပစာရဇ္ဈာနာဝဟံ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနပရမ္ပရာယ သမ္မသနံ ယာဝ အရဟတ္တာ လောကိယလောကုတ္တရဝိသေသာဝဟံ. ဧသ နယော သဗ္ဗတ္ထ.

9. In the ninth sutta: The recollections themselves are 'bases' because they are causes for welfare and happiness in this present life and in lives to come; hence 'bases for recollection.' 'Mindfulness with the qualities of the Buddha as its object': just as the recollection of the Buddha is a basis for special attainments, so too is the mindfulness that has arisen having taken as its object the qualities of the Buddha, beginning with 'The Blessed One is such....' For one who recollects in this way, rapture arises. By making that rapture a basis for insight into its destruction and vanishing, one attains arahantship. This is called an access meditation subject, and it is obtained even by householders. And 'access meditation subject' is the contemplation of the sequence of meditation subjects that directly brings about access concentration and jhāna, and leads all the way to arahantship, bringing about worldly and supramundane special attainments. This method applies in all cases.

အနုဿတိဋ္ဌာနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Anussatiṭṭhāna Sutta is finished.

၁၀. မဟာနာမသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

10. Commentary on the Mahānāma Sutta

၁၀. ဒသမေ တသ္မိံ သမယေတိ ဗုဒ္ဓါဂုဏာနုဿရဏသမယေ. ရာဂပရိယုဋ္ဌိတန္တိ ရာဂေန ပရိယုဋ္ဌိတံ. ပရိယုဋ္ဌာနပ္ပတ္တိပိ, ရာဂေန ဝါ သံဟိတံ စိတ္တံ [Pg.89] အရညမိဝ စောရေဟိ တေန ပရိယုဋ္ဌိတန္တိ ဝုတ္တံ, တဿ ပရိယုဋ္ဌာနဋ္ဌာနဘာဝတောပိ ပရိယုဋ္ဌိတရာဂန္တိ အတ္ထော. ဗျဉ္ဇနံ ပန အနာဒိယိတွာ အတ္ထမတ္တံ ဒဿေန္တော ‘‘ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇမာနေန ရာဂေန ဥဋ္ဌဟိတွာ ဂဟိတ’’န္တိ အာဟ. ဥဇုကမေဝါတိ ပဂေဝ ကာယဝင်္ကာဒီနံ အပနီတတ္တာ စိတ္တဿ စ အနုဇုဘာဝကရာနံ မာနာဒီနံ အဘာဝတော, ရာဂါဒိပရိယုဋ္ဌာနာဘာဝေန ဝါ ဩဏတိဥဏ္ဏတိဝိရဟတော ဥဇုဘာဝမေဝ ဂတံ. အထ ဝါ ဥဇုကမေဝါတိ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနဿ ထိနံ မိဒ္ဓံ ဩတိဏ္ဏတာယ လီနုဒ္ဓစ္စဝိဂမတော မဇ္ဈိမသမထနိမိတ္တပ္ပဋိပတ္တိယာ ဥဇုဘာဝမေဝ ဂတံ. အဋ္ဌကထံ နိဿာယာတိ ဘဝဇာတိအာဒီနံ ပဒါနံ အတ္ထံ နိဿာယ. အတ္ထဝေဒန္တိ ဝါ ဟေတုဖလံ ပဋိစ္စ ဥပ္ပန္နံ တုဋ္ဌိမာဟ. ဓမ္မဝေဒန္တိ ဟေတုံ ပဋိစ္စ ဥပ္ပန္နံ တုဋ္ဌိံ. ‘‘အာရကတ္တာ အရဟ’’န္တိ အနုဿရန္တဿ ဟိ ယဒိဒံ ဘဂဝတော ကိလေသေဟိ အာရကတ္တံ, သော ဟေတု. ဉာပကော စေတ္ထ ဟေတု အဓိပ္ပေတော, န ကာရကော သမ္ပာပကော. တတောနေန ဉာယမာနော အရဟတ္တတ္ထော ဖလံ. ဣမိနာ နယေန သေသပဒေသုပိ ဟေတုသော ဖလဝိပါကော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. ဓမ္မာနုဿတိအာဒီသုပိ ဟိ အာဒိမဇ္ဈပရိယောသာနကလျာဏတာဒယော သုပ္ပဋိပတ္တိအာဒယော စ တတ္ထ တတ္ထ ဟေတုဘာဝေန နိဒ္ဒိဋ္ဌာယေဝ. ဓမ္မူပသံဟိတန္တိ ယထာဝုတ္တဟေတုဖလသင်္ခါတဂုဏူပသံဟိတံ.

10. In the tenth section, “at that time” refers to the moment of recollecting the qualities of the Buddha. “Overcome by lust” means “overwhelmed by lust.” It can also mean that the mind, like a forest infested with thieves, is seized by lust; thus, it signifies that lust has taken hold, making it a place where lust takes hold, hence “overcome by lust.” Without dwelling on the phrasing, the meaning is simply that “lust arises and takes hold.” “Straightened” means free from bodily crookedness and mental distortions like conceit, or free from being oppressed by lust, thus becoming upright, without being bent or elevated. Alternatively, “straightened” refers to the meditation subject being free from sloth and torpor, sluggishness, and restlessness, and thus proceeding along the middle path of the sign of calm. “Relying on the commentary” means depending on the meaning of terms such as “existence” and “birth.” “Delighting in meaning” refers to satisfaction arising from understanding cause and effect. “Delighting in the Dhamma” means satisfaction arising from understanding the cause. “Because he is far from defilements, he is worthy”—for one who recollects thus, the cause is the Blessed One’s distance from defilements. Here, the indicator is intended as the cause, not the agent or accomplisher. From this, the meaning of arahantship, being understood, is the result. In this way, the relationship between cause and effect should be understood in the remaining phrases as well. For in the recollections of the Dhamma, etc., the excellence at the beginning, middle, and end, as well as proper practice, etc., are already explained as causes in their respective contexts. “Connected with the Dhamma” means connected with the qualities described as cause and effect.

မဟာနာမသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Mahānāma Sutta is finished.

အာဟုနေယျဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Āhuneyyavagga is finished.

၂. သာရဏီယဝဂ္ဂေါ

2. The Sāraṇīya Vagga

၁. ပဌမသာရဏီယသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

1. Commentary on the First Sāraṇīya Sutta

၁၁. ဒုတိယဿ ပဌမေ သရိတဗ္ဗယုတ္တကာတိ အနုဿရဏာရဟာ. မိဇ္ဇတိ သိနိယှတိ ဧတာယာတိ မေတ္တာ, မိတ္တဘာဝေါ. မေတ္တာ ဧတဿ အတ္ထီတိ မေတ္တံ, ကာယကမ္မံ. တံ ပန ယသ္မာ မေတ္တာသဟဂတစိတ္တသမုဋ္ဌာနံ, တသ္မာ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘မေတ္တေန စိတ္တေန ကာတဗ္ဗံ ကာယကမ္မ’’န္တိ. ဧသ နယော သေသဒွယေပိ. ဣမာနီတိ မေတ္တကာယကမ္မာဒီနိ. ဘိက္ခူနံ ဝသေန အာဂတာနိ တေသံ သေဋ္ဌပရိသဘာဝတော. ယထာ ပန ဘိက္ခုနီသုပိ လဗ္ဘန္တိ, ဧဝံ ဂိဟီသုပိ လဗ္ဘန္တိ စတုပရိသသာဓာရဏတ္တာတိ တံ ဒဿေန္တော ‘‘ဘိက္ခူနဉှီ’’တိအာဒိမာဟ. ဘိက္ခုနော [Pg.90] သဗ္ဗမ္ပိ အနဝဇ္ဇကာယကမ္မံ အာဘိသမာစာရိကကမ္မန္တောဂဓမေဝါတိ အာဟ ‘‘မေတ္တေန စိတ္တေန…ပေ… ကာယကမ္မံ နာမာ’’တိ. ဘတ္တိဝသေန ပဝတ္တိယမာနာ စေတိယဗောဓီနံ ဝန္ဒနာ မေတ္တာသိဒ္ဓါတိ ကတွာ တဒတ္ထာယ ဂမနံ ‘‘မေတ္တံ ကာယကမ္မ’’န္တိ ဝုတ္တံ. အာဒိ-သဒ္ဒေန စေတိယဗောဓိဘိက္ခူသု ဝုတ္တာဝသေသာပစာယနာဒိဝသေန ပဝတ္တမေတ္တာဝသေန ပဝတ္တံ ကာယိကံ ကိရိယံ သင်္ဂဏှာတိ.

11. In the second sutta, at the first point, “worthy of recollection” means “fit for recollection.” “One is affectionate, one is fond through this” is loving-kindness, the state of being a friend. “There is loving-kindness in this” is “metta,” a bodily action. But because it arises from a mind accompanied by loving-kindness, therefore it is said: “Bodily action should be done with a mind of loving-kindness.” The same method applies to the remaining two. “These” refers to bodily actions of loving-kindness, etc. They come in connection with the monks, due to their being the foremost assembly. Just as they are obtainable among nuns, so too among householders, because they are common to the four assemblies. To show this, it is said: “For monks indeed...” and so on. All blameless bodily actions of a monk are included within the rules of good conduct, hence it is said: “With a mind of loving-kindness... is called bodily action.” The veneration of shrines and Bodhi trees, occurring in connection with offerings, is accomplished through loving-kindness; therefore, going for that purpose is called “bodily action of loving-kindness.” By the word “etc.,” it includes bodily actions that occur through loving-kindness, such as the remaining acts of reverence towards shrines, Bodhi trees, and monks that have been mentioned.

တေပိဋကမ္ပိ ဗုဒ္ဓဝစနံ ကထိယမာနန္တိ အဓိပ္ပာယော. တေပိဋကမ္ပိ ဗုဒ္ဓဝစနံ ပရိပုစ္ဆနအတ္ထကထနဝသေန ပဝတ္တိယမာနမေဝ မေတ္တံ ဝစီကမ္မံ နာမ ဟိတဇ္ဈာသယေန ပဝတ္တိတဗ္ဗတော. တီဏိ သုစရိတာနီတိ ကာယဝစီမနောသုစရိတာနိ. စိန္တနန္တိ ဧဝံ စိန္တနမတ္တမ္ပိ မနောကမ္မံ, ပဂေဝ ပဋိပန္နာ ဘာဝနာတိ ဒဿေတိ.

The intention is that the entire Tipiṭaka, when being spoken, is the word of the Buddha. The entire Tipiṭaka, proceeding by way of questioning and explaining the meaning, is itself called loving verbal action, since it should proceed with a beneficial intention. “Three good conducts” means good bodily, verbal, and mental conduct. “Thinking” means even mere thinking is mental action, how much more so the practice of development—this is shown.

အာဝီတိ ပကာသံ. ပကာသဘာဝေါ စေတ္ထ ယံ ဥဒ္ဒိဿ တံ ကာယကမ္မံ ကရီယတိ, တဿ သမ္မုခဘာဝတောတိ အာဟ ‘‘သမ္မုခါ’’တိ. ရဟောတိ အပ္ပကာသံ. အပ္ပကာသတာ စ ယံ ဥဒ္ဒိဿ တံ ကာယကမ္မံ ကရီယတိ, တဿ အပစ္စက္ခဘာဝတောတိ အာဟ ‘‘ပရမ္မုခါ’’တိ. သဟာယဘာဝဂမနံ တေသံ ပုရတော. တေသု ကရောန္တေသုယေဝ ဟိ သဟာယဘာဝဂမနံ သမ္မုခါ ကာယကမ္မံ နာမ ဟောတိ. ဥဘယေဟီတိ နဝကေဟိ ထေရေဟိ စ. ပဂ္ဂယှာတိ ပဂ္ဂဏှိတွာ ဥဒ္ဓံ ကတွာ ကေဝလံ ‘‘ဒေဝေါ’’တိ အဝတွာ ဂုဏေဟိ ထိရဘာဝဇောတနံ ‘‘ဒေဝတ္ထေရော’’တိ ဝစနံ ပဂ္ဂယှ ဝစနံ. မမတ္တဗောဓနံ ဝစနံ မမာယနဝစနံ. ဧကန္တပရမ္မုခဿ မနောကမ္မဿ သမ္မုခတာ နာမ ဝိညတ္တိသမုဋ္ဌာပနဝသေန ဟောတိ, တဉ္စ ခေါ လောကေ ကာယကမ္မန္တိ ပါကဋံ ပညာတံ. ဟတ္ထဝိကာရာဒီနိ အနာမသိတွာ ဧဝ ဒဿေန္တော ‘‘နယနာနိ ဥမ္မီလေတွာ’’တိအာဒိမာဟ. ကာမံ မေတ္တာသိနေဟသိနိဒ္ဓါနံ နယနာနံ ဥမ္မီလနာ ပသန္နေန မုခေန ဩလောကနဉ္စ မေတ္တံ ကာယကမ္မမေဝ, ယဿ ပန စိတ္တဿ ဝသေန နယနာနံ မေတ္တာသိနေဟသိနိဒ္ဓတာ မုခဿ စ ပသန္နတာ, တံ သန္ဓာယ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘မေတ္တံ မနောကမ္မံ နာမာ’’တိ.

“Āvī” means “manifest.” The nature of manifestation here refers to the bodily action performed intending for those present; hence, it is called “face-to-face.” “Raho” means “unmanifest.” The nature of being unmanifest refers to the bodily action performed intending for those absent; hence, it is called “behind-the-back.” The act of associating with companions is done in their presence. For when one performs actions in their company, that act of associating is called a face-to-face bodily action. “By both” means by both the newly ordained monks and the elders. “Paggayha” means having lifted up, elevating—not merely saying “deva” but, by illuminating the state of steadfastness with virtues, thus saying “devatthero” is an elevated utterance. The utterance that awakens possessiveness is the speech of claiming “mine.” The face-to-face nature of a purely behind-the-back mental action occurs through the arising of an intimation, yet in the world, it is clearly known and understood as a bodily action. Without resorting to gestures like hand movements, it is shown simply by “opening the eyes” and so on. Indeed, the opening of eyes filled with loving-kindness and affection, and a serene gaze with a bright face, is itself a bodily action of loving-kindness. However, regarding the state of mind that causes the eyes to be filled with loving-kindness and affection, and the face to be serene, it is said, “loving-kindness is called a mental action.”

လာဘ-သဒ္ဒေါ ကမ္မသာဓနော ‘‘လာဘာ ဝတ, ဘော, လဒ္ဓေါ’’တိအာဒီသု ဝိယ. သော စေတ္ထ ‘‘ဓမ္မလဒ္ဓါ’’တိ ဝစနတော အတီတကာလိကောတိ အာဟ ‘‘စီဝရာဒယော လဒ္ဓပစ္စယာ’’တိ. ဓမ္မတော အာဂတာတိ ဓမ္မိကာ, ပရိသုဒ္ဓဂမနာ ပစ္စယာ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဓမ္မလဒ္ဓါ’’တိ. ဣမမေဝ ဟိ အတ္ထံ ဒဿေတုံ ‘‘ကုဟနာဒီ’’တိအာဒိ [Pg.91] ဝုတ္တံ. န သမ္မာ ဂယှမာနာ ဟိ ဓမ္မလဒ္ဓါ နာမ န ဟောန္တီတိ တပ္ပဋိသေဓနတ္ထံ ပါဠိယံ ‘‘ဓမ္မလဒ္ဓါ’’တိ ဝုတ္တံ. ဒေယျံ ဒက္ခိဏေယျဉ္စ အပ္ပဋိဝိဘတ္တံ ကတွာ ဘုဉ္ဇတီတိ အပ္ပဋိဝိဘတ္တဘောဂီ နာမ ဟောတိ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဒွေ ပဋိဝိဘတ္တာနိ နာမာ’’တိအာဒိ. စိတ္တေန ဝိဘဇနန္တိ ဧတေန စိတ္တုပ္ပာဒမတ္တေနပိ ဝိဘဇနံ ပဋိဝိဘတ္တံ နာမ, ပဂေဝ ပယောဂတောတိ ဒဿေတိ. စိတ္တေန ဝိဘဇနပုဗ္ဗကံ ဝါ ကာယေန ဝိဘဇနန္တိ မူလမေဝ ဒဿေတုံ ‘‘ဧဝံ စိတ္တေန ဝိဘဇန’’န္တိ ဝုတ္တံ. တေန စိတ္တုပ္ပာဒမတ္တေန ပဋိဝိဘာဂေါ ကာတဗ္ဗောတိ ဒဿေတိ. အပ္ပဋိဝိဘတ္တန္တိ ဘာဝနပုံသကနိဒ္ဒေသော, အပ္ပဋိဝိဘတ္တံ လာဘံ ဘုဉ္ဇတီတိ ကမ္မနိဒ္ဒေသော ဝါ. တံ နေဝ ဂိဟီနံ ဒေတိ အတ္တနော အာဇီဝသောဓနတ္ထံ. န အတ္တနာ ပရိဘုဉ္ဇတိ ‘‘မယှံ အသာဓာရဏဘောဂိတာ မာ ဟောတူ’’တိ. ပဋိဂ္ဂဏှန္တော စ…ပေ… ပဿတီတိ ဣမိနာ အာဂမနတော ပဋ္ဌာယ သာဓာရဏဗုဒ္ဓိံ ဥပဋ္ဌာပေတိ. ဧဝံ ဟိဿ သာဓာရဏဘောဂိတာ သုကရာ, သာရဏီယဓမ္မော စဿ ပူရော ဟောတိ.

The word 'lābha' (gain) is derived in the sense of the object, as in such phrases as, 'Indeed, friends, a gain has been obtained.' Here, the phrase 'righteously obtained' (dhammaladdhā) indicates the past tense; thus, it is said, 'requisites such as robes have been obtained.' What comes from the Dhamma is righteous (dhammika), meaning requisites of pure acquisition. Hence, it is said, 'righteously obtained.' To illustrate this very meaning, 'through deceit, etc.' (kuhanādi) and so on is stated. For things not rightly taken are not called 'righteously obtained'; therefore, to negate this, the Pāli text states 'righteously obtained.' One who consumes without having separated what is to be given (deyya) and what is worthy of an offering (dakkhiṇeyya) is called 'one who enjoys without dividing' (appaṭivibhattabhogī). Hence, it is said, 'there are two kinds of divisions,' and so on. 'Dividing with the mind'—by this it is shown that even a division by the mere arising of a thought is a division, let alone by physical action. Or, to show the very root, 'dividing with the body, preceded by dividing with the mind,' it is said, 'thus dividing with the mind.' This shows that a division should be made by the mere arising of a thought. 'Without dividing' (appaṭivibhattaṃ) is a neuter abstract noun, or it is an accusative of the object, as in 'consumes a gain without dividing.' He neither gives it to laypeople for the sake of purifying his livelihood, nor does he consume it himself, thinking, 'May I not be one who enjoys things not held in common.' 'And when receiving... up to... he sees'—by this, from the moment of its arrival, he establishes a mindset of sharing. For in this way, his practice of sharing becomes easy, and his principle conducive to cordiality is fulfilled.

အထ ဝါ ပဋိဂ္ဂဏှန္တော စ…ပေ… ပဿတီတိ ဣမိနာ တဿ လာဘဿ တီသု ကာလေသု သာဓာရဏတော ဌပနံ ဒဿိတံ. ပဋိဂ္ဂဏှန္တော စ သံဃေန သာဓာရဏံ ဟောတူတိ ဣမိနာ ပဋိဂ္ဂဟဏကာလော ဒဿိတော. ဂဟေတွာ…ပေ… ပဿတီတိ ဣမိနာ ပဋိဂ္ဂဟိတကာလော. တဒုဘယံ ပန တာဒိသေန ပုဗ္ဗဘာဂေန ဝိနာ န ဟောတီတိ အတ္ထသိဒ္ဓေါ ပုရိမကာလော. တယိဒံ ပဋိဂ္ဂဟဏတော ပုဗ္ဗေဝဿ ဟောတိ ‘‘သံဃေန သာဓာရဏံ ဟောတူတိ ပဋိဂ္ဂဏှိဿာမီ’’တိ, ပဋိဂ္ဂဏှန္တဿ ဟောတိ ‘‘သံဃေန သာဓာရဏံ ဟောတူတိ ပဋိဂ္ဂဏှာမီ’’တိ, ပဋိဂ္ဂဟေတွာ ဟောတိ ‘‘သံဃေန သာဓာရဏံ ဟောတူတိ ဟိ ပဋိဂ္ဂဟိတံ မယာ’’တိ. ဧဝံ တိလက္ခဏသမ္ပန္နံ ကတွာ လဒ္ဓံ လာဘံ ဩသာရဏလက္ခဏံ အဝိကောပေတွာ ပရိဘုဉ္ဇန္တော သာဓာရဏဘောဂီ အပ္ပဋိဝိဘတ္တဘောဂီ စ ဟောတိ.

Alternatively, by 'when receiving... up to... he sees,' the establishment of that gain as common in the three times is shown. By the thought, 'While receiving, may it be common to the Saṅgha,' the time of receiving is shown. By 'having taken... up to... he sees,' the time after receiving is shown. But since these two do not occur without such a preliminary part, the prior time is established by implication. This is as follows: before receiving, it occurs to him, 'I will receive it so that it may be common to the Saṅgha'; while receiving, it occurs to him, 'I am receiving it so that it may be common to the Saṅgha'; after having received, it occurs to him, 'It has been received by me so that it may be common to the Saṅgha.' Thus, having made the obtained gain possessed of these three characteristics, one who enjoys it without violating the characteristic of dedication becomes one who enjoys in common and one who enjoys without dividing.

ဣမံ ပန သာရဏီယဓမ္မန္တိ ဣမံ စတုတ္ထံ သရိတဗ္ဗယုတ္တဓမံ. န ဟိ…ပေ… ဂဏှန္တိ, တသ္မာ သာဓာရဏဘောဂိတာ ဒုဿီလဿ နတ္ထီတိ အာရမ္ဘောပိ တာဝ န သမ္ဘဝတိ, ကုတော ပူရဏန္တိ အဓိပ္ပာယော. ပရိသုဒ္ဓသီလောတိ ဣမိနာ လာဘဿ ဓမ္မိကဘာဝံ ဒဿေတိ. ဝတ္တံ အခဏ္ဍေန္တောတိ ဣမိနာ အပ္ပဋိဝိဘတ္တဘောဂိတံ သာဓာရဏဘောဂိတဉ္စ ဒဿေတိ. သတိ ပန တဒုဘယေ သာရဏီယဓမ္မော ပူရိတော ဧဝ ဟောတီတိ အာဟ ‘‘ပူရေတီ’’တိ. ဩဒိဿကံ ကတွာတိ ဧတေန အနောဒိဿကံ ကတွာ ပိတုနော, အာစရိယုပဇ္ဈာယာဒီနံ ဝါ [Pg.92] ထေရာသနတော ပဋ္ဌာယ ဒေန္တဿ သာရဏီယဓမ္မောယေဝ ဟောတီတိ ဒဿေတိ. ဒါတဗ္ဗန္တိ အဝဿံ ဒါတဗ္ဗံ. သာရဏီယဓမ္မော ပနဿ န ဟောတိ ပဋိဇဂ္ဂဋ္ဌာနေ ဩဒိဿကံ ကတွာ ဒိန္နတ္တာ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ပလိဗောဓဇဂ္ဂနံ နာမ ဟောတီ’’တိ. မုတ္တပလိဗောဓဿ ဝဋ္ဋတိ အမုတ္တပလိဗောဓဿ ပူရေတုံ အသက္ကုဏေယျတ္တာ. ယဒိ ဧဝံ သဗ္ဗေန သဗ္ဗံ သာရဏီယဓမ္မံ ပူရေန္တဿ ဩဒိဿကဒါနံ ဝဋ္ဋတိ, န ဝဋ္ဋတီတိ? နော န ဝဋ္ဋတိ ယုတ္တဋ္ဌာနေတိ ဒဿေန္တော ‘‘တေန ပနာ’’တိအာဒိမာဟ. ဣမိနာ ဩဒိဿကဒါနံ ပနဿ န သဗ္ဗတ္ထ ဝါရိတန္တိ ဒဿေတိ. ဂိလာနာဒီနဉှိ ဩဒိဿကံ ကတွာ ဒါနံ အပ္ပဋိဝိဘာဂပက္ခိကံ ‘‘အသုကဿ န ဒဿာမီ’’တိ ပဋိက္ခေပဿ အဘာဝတော. ဗျတိရေကပ္ပဓာနော ဟိ ပဋိဘာဂေါ. တေနာဟ ‘‘အဝသေသ’’န္တိအာဒိ. အဒါတုမ္ပီတိ ပိ-သဒ္ဒေန ဒါတုမ္ပိ ဝဋ္ဋတီတိ ဒဿေတိ. တဉ္စ ခေါ ကရုဏာယနဝသေန, န ဝတ္တပရိပူရဏဝသေန, တသ္မာ ဒုဿီလဿပိ အတ္ထိကဿ သတိ သမ္ဘဝေ ဒါတဗ္ဗံ. ဒါနဉှိ နာမ န ကဿစိ နိဝါရိတံ.

Now, 'this principle conducive to cordiality' means this fourth state that should be remembered. 'Indeed… they do not grasp'; therefore, for an immoral person there is no common enjoyment of requisites. Thus, the intention is that even the beginning is not possible, so how could there be fulfillment? By 'one of pure virtue,' he shows the righteous nature of the gain. By 'not breaking the observance,' he shows both enjoyment without dividing and common enjoyment. When both are present, the principle conducive to cordiality is indeed fulfilled; thus he says, 'he fulfills.' 'Having made a specific designation': by this he shows that for one who gives without making a specific designation, starting from the elder's seat, to one's father, teacher, preceptor, and so on, it is indeed a principle conducive to cordiality. 'It should be given' means it must be given. But for him it is not a principle conducive to cordiality, because it was given with a specific designation in a case of caretaking. Therefore he said, 'it is called tending to an obstruction.' It is allowable for one who is free from obstruction, since it is impossible for one who is not free from obstruction to fulfill it. If so, for one who fulfills the principle conducive to cordiality in every way, is giving with a specific designation allowable or not? To show that it is indeed allowable in a suitable case, he said, 'But by that…' and so on. By this he shows that giving with a specific designation is not prohibited for him in all cases. For giving to the sick and others with a specific designation belongs to the side of non-division, because there is no refusal with the thought, 'I will not give to so-and-so.' For a share is primarily based on exclusion. Therefore he said, 'the remainder…' and so on. 'Even not to give': by the particle 'pi,' he shows that it is also allowable to give. And that is on account of compassion, not for the sake of fulfilling the observance. Therefore, it should be given even to an immoral person who is in need, if possible. For giving is indeed not prohibited to anyone.

သုသိက္ခိတာယာတိ သာရဏီယပူရဏဝိဓိမှိ သုသိက္ခိတာယ, သုကုသလာယာတိ အတ္ထော. ဣဒါနိ တဿ ကောသလ္လံ ဒဿေတုံ ‘‘သုသိက္ခိတာယ ဟီ’’တိအာဒိ ဝုတ္တံ. ဒွါဒသဟိ ဝဿေဟိ ပူရေဟိ, န တတော ဩရန္တိ ဣမိနာ တဿ ဒုပ္ပူရတံ ဒဿေတိ. တထာ ဟိ သော မဟပ္ဖလော မဟာနိသံသော ဒိဋ္ဌဓမ္မိကေဟိပိ တာဝဂရုတရေဟိ ဖလာနိသံသေဟိ အနုဂတောတိ တံသမင်္ဂီ စ ပုဂ္ဂလော ဝိသေသလာဘီ အရိယပုဂ္ဂလော ဝိယ လောကေ အစ္ဆရိယဗ္ဘုတဓမ္မသမန္နာဂတော ဟောတိ. တထာ ဟိ သော ဒုပ္ပဇဟဒါနမယဿ သီလမယဿ ပုညဿ ပဋိပက္ခဓမ္မံ သုဒူရေ ဝိက္ခမ္ဘိတံ ကတွာ ဝိသုဒ္ဓေန စေတသာ လောကေ ပါကဋော ပညာတော ဟုတွာ ဝိဟရတိ. တဿိမမတ္ထံ ဗျတိရေကတော အနွယတော စ ဝိဘာဝေတုံ ‘‘သစေ ဟီ’’တိအာဒိ ဝုတ္တံ. တံ သုဝိညေယျမေဝ.

'Well-trained' means well-trained in the method of fulfilling the principles conducive to cordiality; the meaning is 'very skillful.' Now, to show that skill, it is said, 'For one who is well-trained…' and so on. 'For twelve full years, not less than that': by this he shows the difficulty of its fulfillment. For indeed, it is of great fruit and great benefit, and is accompanied even in this very life by such very weighty fruits and benefits. And a person endowed with it becomes possessed of wonderful and marvelous qualities in the world, like a noble person who has obtained a special attainment. For indeed, having suppressed far away the states opposed to the merit consisting of difficult-to-relinquish giving and the merit consisting of virtue, he dwells with a purified mind, manifest and renowned in the world. To clarify this meaning by way of negative and positive formulation, it is said, 'For if…' and so on. That is very easy to understand.

ဣဒါနိဿ သမ္ပရာယိကေ ဒိဋ္ဌဓမ္မိကေ စ အာနိသံသေ ဒဿေတုံ ‘‘ဧဝံ ပူရိတသာရဏီယဓမ္မဿာ’’တိအာဒိ ဝုတ္တံ. နေဝ ဣဿာ န မစ္ဆရိယံ ဟောတိ စိရကာလဘာဝနာယ ဝိဓုတဘာဝတော. မနုဿာနံ ပိယော ဟောတိ ပရိစ္စာဂသီလတာယ ဝိဿုတတ္တာ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဒဒံ ပိယော ဟောတိ ဘဇန္တိ နံ ဗဟူ’’တိအာဒိ (အ. နိ. ၅.၃၄). သုလဘပစ္စယော ဟောတိ ဒါနဝသေန ဥဠာရဇ္ဈာသယာနံ ပစ္စယလာဘဿ ဣဓာနိသံသသဘာဝတော ဒါနဿ. ပတ္တဂတမဿ ဒိယျမာနံ [Pg.93] န ခီယတိ ပတ္တဂတဿေဝ ဒွါဒသဝဿိကဿ မဟာဝတ္တဿ အဝိစ္ဆေဒေန ပူရိတတ္တာ. အဂ္ဂဘဏ္ဍံ လဘတိ ဒေဝသိကံ ဒက္ခိဏေယျာနံ အဂ္ဂတော ပဋ္ဌာယ ဒါနဿ ဒိန္နတ္တာ. ဘယေ ဝါ…ပေ… အာပဇ္ဇန္တိ ဒေယျပ္ပဋိဂ္ဂါဟကဝိကပ္ပံ အကတွာ အတ္တနိ နိရပေက္ခစိတ္တေန စိရကာလံ ဒါနဿ ပူရိတတာယ ပသာရိတစိတ္တတ္တာ.

Now, to show his benefits in future lives and in this present life, it is said, 'For one who has thus fulfilled the principles conducive to cordiality…' and so on. There is neither envy nor stinginess, because these have been shaken off by long-term cultivation. He becomes dear to people because he is renowned for his generous nature. Therefore it is said: 'Giving, one becomes dear; many resort to him,' and so on (AN 5.34). He easily obtains requisites, because for those with noble intentions, the obtaining of requisites is by nature a benefit of giving in this very life. What is given and placed in his bowl is not exhausted, because the great twelve-year observance concerning what is placed in the bowl has been fulfilled without interruption. He obtains the best goods daily because giving was done to those worthy of offerings, starting from the foremost among them. In times of danger… they do not fall into peril… because their mind is expansive, as they have fulfilled giving for a long time with a mind unconcerned for themselves, without making a distinction between what is to be given and the recipient.

တတြာတိ တေသု အာနိသံသေသု ဝိဘာဝေတဗ္ဗေသု. ဣမာနိ ဖလာနိ ဝတ္ထူနိ ကာရဏာနိ. မဟာဂိရိဂါမော နာမ နာဂဒီပပဿေ ဧကော ဂါမောဝ. အလဘန္တာပီတိ အပ္ပပုညတာယ အလာဘိနော သမာနာပိ. ဘိက္ခာစာရမဂ္ဂသဘာဂန္တိ သဘာဂံ တဗ္ဘာဂိယံ ဘိက္ခာစာရမဂ္ဂံ ဇာနန္တိ. အနုတ္တရိမနုဿဓမ္မတ္တာ ထေရာနံ သံသယဝိနောဒနတ္ထဉ္စ ‘‘သာရဏီယဓမ္မော မေ, ဘန္တေ, ပူရိတော’’တိ အာဟ. တထာ ဟိ ဒုတိယဝတ္ထုသ္မိမ္ပိ ထေရေန အတ္တာ ပကာသိတော. ဒဟရကာလေ ဧဝံ ကိရ သာရဏီယဓမ္မပူရကော အဟောသိ. မနုဿာနံ ပိယတာယ သုလဘပစ္စယတာယပိ ဣဒံ ဝတ္ထုမေဝ. ပတ္တဂတာခီယနဿ ပန ဝိသေသံ ဝိဘာဝနတော ‘‘ဣဒံ တာဝ…ပေ… ဧတ္ထ ဝတ္ထူ’’တိ ဝုတ္တံ.

‘Therein’ means: among these benefits to be clarified. These are the fruits, the stories, the reasons. Mahāgirigāma is a village near Nāgadīpa. ‘Even though not obtaining’ means: even while being without gain due to little merit. ‘Sharing the alms-round path’ means: they know the alms-round path that is suitable, that they share in. Because of the elder's state of having an extraordinary human quality and in order to dispel the doubt of the elders, he said: ‘Venerable sir, the principle conducive to cordiality has been fulfilled by me.’ For in the second story, too, the elder revealed himself. It is said that he was a fulfiller of the principles conducive to cordiality even in his youth. This same story also illustrates his being dear to people and his easily obtaining requisites. But because it clarifies the special point about what is placed in the bowl not being exhausted, it is said: ‘This, for now… here is the story.’

ဂိရိဘဏ္ဍမဟာပူဇာယာတိ စေတိယဂိရိမှိ သကလလင်္ကာဒီပေ ယောဇနပ္ပမာဏေ သမုဒ္ဒေ စ နာဝါသံဃာဋာဒိကေ ဌပေတွာ ဒီပပုပ္ဖဂန္ဓာဒီဟိ ကရိယမာနာယ မဟာပူဇာယ. တဿာ စ ပဋိပတ္တိယာ အဝဉ္ဈဘာဝဝိဘာဝနတ္ထံ ‘‘ဧတေ မယှံ ပါပုဏိဿန္တီ’’တိ အာဟ. ပရိယာယေနပိ လေသေနပိ. အနုစ္ဆဝိကန္တိ ‘‘သာရဏီယဓမ္မပူရကော’’တိ ယထာဘူတပဝေဒနံ တုမှာကံ အနုစ္ဆဝိကန္တိ အတ္ထော.

‘At the Giribhaṇḍa Great Offering’ means: at the great offering made with lamps, flowers, incense, and so on, at Cetiyagiri, after placing them on ships, rafts, etc., in the sea for a yojana around the entire island of Laṅkā. And to clarify the unfailing nature of that practice, he said, ‘These will reach me.’ This was said indirectly or by a hint. ‘Suitable’ means: the truthful declaration, ‘a fulfiller of the principles conducive to cordiality,’ is suitable for you.

အနာရောစေတွာဝ ပလာယိံသု စောရဘယေန. ‘‘အတ္တနော ဒုဇ္ဇီဝိကာယာ’’တိပိ ဝဒန္တိ. အဟံ သာရဏီယဓမ္မပူရိကာ, မမ ပတ္တပရိယာပန္နေနပိ သဗ္ဗာပိမာ ဘိက္ခုနိယော ယာပေဿန္တီတိ အာဟ ‘‘မာ တုမှေ တေသံ ဂတဘာဝံ စိန္တယိတ္ထာ’’တိ. ဝဋ္ဋိဿတီတိ ကပ္ပိဿတိ. ထေရီ သာရဏီယဓမ္မပူရိကာ အဟောသိ, ထေရဿ ပန သီလတေဇေနေဝ ဒေဝတာ ဥဿုက္ကံ အာပဇ္ဇိ.

Without informing anyone, they fled out of fear of thieves. Some also say: ‘Because of their own difficult livelihood.’ She said: ‘I am a fulfiller of the principles conducive to cordiality; I will sustain all these nuns even with what has come into my bowl,’ thus she said, ‘Do not worry about their having gone.’ ‘It will be sufficient’ means it will suffice. The elder nun was a fulfiller of the principles conducive to cordiality, but in the elder's case, it was solely through the power of his virtue that the deity became zealous.

နတ္ထိ ဧတေသံ ခဏ္ဍန္တိ အခဏ္ဍာနိ. တံ ပန နေသံ ခဏ္ဍံ ဒဿေတုံ ‘‘ယဿာ’’တိအာဒိ ဝုတ္တံ. တတ္ထ ဥပသမ္ပန္နသီလာနံ ဥဒ္ဒေသက္ကမေန အာဒိအန္တာ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ. တေနာဟ ‘‘သတ္တသူ’’တိအာဒိ. န ဟိ အညော ကောစိ အာပတ္တိက္ခန္ဓာနံ [Pg.94] အနုက္ကမော အတ္ထိ, အနုပသမ္ပန္နသီလာနံ သမာဒါနက္ကမေနပိ အာဒိအန္တာ လဗ္ဘန္တိ. ပရိယန္တေ ဆိန္နသာဋကော ဝိယာတိ တတြန္တေ ဒသန္တေ ဝါ ဆိန္နဝတ္ထံ ဝိယ. ဝိသဒိသုဒါဟရဏဉ္စေတံ ‘‘အခဏ္ဍာနီ’’တိ ဣမဿ အဓိကတတ္တာ. ဧဝံ သေသာနမ္ပိ ဥဒါဟရဏာနိ. ခဏ္ဍိကတာ ဘိန္နတာ ခဏ္ဍံ, တံ ဧတဿ အတ္ထီတိ ခဏ္ဍံ, သီလံ. ဆိဒ္ဒန္တိအာဒီသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော. ဝေမဇ္ဈေ ဘိန္နံ ဝိနိဝိဇ္ဈနဝသေန. ဝိသဘာဂဝဏ္ဏေန ဂါဝီ ဝိယာတိ သမ္ဗန္ဓော. ဝိသဘာဂဝဏ္ဏေန ဥပဍ္ဎံ တတိယဘာဂဂတံ သမ္ဘိန္နဝဏ္ဏံ သဗလံ, ဝိသဘာဂဝဏ္ဏေဟေဝ ဗိန္ဒူဟိ အန္တရန္တရာဟိ ဝိမိဿံ ကမ္မာသံ. အယံ ဣမေသံ ဝိသေသော. သဗလရဟိတာနိ အသဗလာနိ, တထာ အကမ္မာသာနိ. သီလဿ တဏှာဒါသဗျတော မောစနံ ဝိဝဋ္ဋူပနိဿယဘာဝါပါဒနံ, တသ္မာ တဏှာဒါသဗျတော မောစနဝစနေန တေသံ သီလာနံ ဝိဝဋ္ဋူပနိဿယတမာဟ. ဘုဇိဿဘာဝကရဏတောတိ ဣမိနာ ဘုဇိဿကရာနိ ဘုဇိဿာနီတိ ဥတ္တရပဒလောပေနာယံ နိဒ္ဒေသောတိ ဒဿေတိ. ယသ္မာ ဝါ တံသမင်္ဂိပုဂ္ဂလော သေရီ သယံဝသီ ဘုဇိဿော နာမ ဟောတိ, တသ္မာပိ ဘုဇိဿာနိ. အဝိညူနံ အပ္ပမာဏတာယ ‘‘ဝိညုပ္ပသတ္ထာနီ’’တိ ဝုတ္တံ. သုပရိသုဒ္ဓဘာဝေန ဝါ သမ္ပန္နတ္တာ ဝိညူဟိ ပသတ္ထာနီတိ ဝိညုပ္ပသတ္ထာနိ.

‘There is no break in them,’ thus they are unbroken. But to show a break in them, it is said, ‘Of which…’ and so on. Herein, the beginning and end of the virtues of the fully ordained should be understood by the order of recitation. Therefore he said, ‘In the seven…’ and so on. For there is no other sequence of the classes of offenses. For the virtues of the unordained, the beginning and end can be obtained by the order of undertaking. ‘Like a garment torn at the edge’ means like a cloth torn at its end or border. And this is a dissimilar example because of the superiority of the term ‘unbroken.’ The other examples should be understood in the same way. A state of being broken, a state of being shattered, is a break; virtue that has this is ‘broken.’ The same method applies to ‘perforated,’ etc. Broken in the middle by way of being pierced through. ‘Like a cow of variegated color’ is the connection. A cow of which half or a third is of a mixed color is ‘dappled’; one mixed with spots of variegated color here and there is ‘spotted.’ This is the difference between them. Those without dappling are ‘undappled’; likewise, ‘unspotted.’ The liberation of virtue from servitude to craving is the production of a state that is a decisive support for the rolling back of saṃsāra; therefore, by the words ‘liberating from servitude to craving,’ he states that those virtues are a decisive support for the rolling back. ‘Because they make one a free person’: by this he shows that this is a designation with the elision of the final member of the compound, so that ‘making one free’ is called ‘liberating.’ Or, because a person endowed with them is independent, self-mastered, and called a ‘free person,’ they are also ‘liberating.’ Because they are not assessed by the unwise, it is said, ‘praised by the wise.’ Or, because they are endowed with a state of supreme purity, they are praised by the wise, thus ‘praised by the wise.’

တဏှာဒိဋ္ဌီဟိ အပရာမဋ္ဌတ္တာတိ ‘‘ဣမိနာဟံ သီလေန ဒေဝေါ ဝါ ဘဝိဿာမိ ဒေဝညတရော ဝါ’’တိ တဏှာပရာမာသေန, ‘‘ဣမိနာဟံ သီလေန ဒေဝေါ ဟုတွာ တတ္ထ နိစ္စော ဓုဝေါ သဿတော ဘဝိဿာမီ’’တိ ဒိဋ္ဌိပရာမာသေန စ အပရာမဋ္ဌတ္တာ. ပရာမဋ္ဌုန္တိ ‘‘အယံ တေ သီလေသု ဒေါသော’’တိ စတူသု ဝိပတ္တီသု ယာယ ကာယစိ ဝိပတ္တိယာ ဒဿနေန ပရာမဋ္ဌုံ, အနုဒ္ဓံသေတုံ စောဒေတုန္တိ အတ္ထော. သီလံ နာမ အဝိပ္ပဋိသာရာဒိပါရမ္ပရိယေန ယာဝဒေဝ သမာဓိသမ္ပာဒနတ္ထန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘သမာဓိသံဝတ္တနိကာနီ’’တိ. သမာဓိသံဝတ္တနပ္ပယောဇနာနိ သမာဓိသံဝတ္တနိကာနိ.

‘Because of not being misapprehended by craving and views’ means because of not being misapprehended by the misapprehension of craving with the thought, ‘By this virtue I will become a deva or some other deva,’ or by the misapprehension of views with the thought, ‘By this virtue, having become a deva, I will be permanent, stable, and eternal there.’ ‘To find fault with’ means to censure or admonish by pointing out a fault in the virtues by way of any of the four kinds of failure, saying, ‘This is a fault in your virtues.’ Virtue is for the purpose of accomplishing concentration, through the sequence beginning with non-remorse; thus he said, ‘conducive to concentration.’ Those things that have the purpose of leading on to concentration are ‘conducive to concentration.’

သမာနဘာဝေါ သာမညံ, ပရိပုဏ္ဏစတုပါရိသုဒ္ဓိဘာဝေန မဇ္ဈေ ဘိန္နသုဝဏ္ဏဿ ဝိယ ဘေဒါဘာဝတော သီလေန သာမညံ သီလသာမညံ, တံ ဂတော ဥပဂတောတိ သီလသာမညဂတော. တေနာဟ ‘‘သမာနဘာဝူပဂတသီလော’’တိ, သီလသမ္ပတ္တိယာ သမာနဘာဝံ ဥပဂတသီလော သဘာဂဝုတ္တိကောတိ အတ္ထော. ကာမံ ပုထုဇ္ဇနာနမ္ပိ စတုပါရိသုဒ္ဓိသီလေ နာနတ္တံ န သိယာ, တံ ပန န ဧကန္တိကံ, ဣဒံ ဧကန္တိကံ နိယတဘာဝတောတိ အာဟ ‘‘နတ္ထိ [Pg.95] မဂ္ဂသီလေ နာနတ္တ’’န္တိ. တံ သန္ဓာယေတံ ဝုတ္တန္တိ မဂ္ဂသီလံ သန္ဓာယ တံ ‘‘ယာနိ တာနိ သီလာနီ’’တိအာဒိ ဝုတ္တံ.

Commonality means a state of sameness. Because of the absence of any division, owing to the state of fourfold perfect purity—just as there is no difference in quality in a piece of gold broken in the middle—sameness by way of virtue is commonality in virtue. One who has gone to it, approached it, is one who has attained commonality in virtue. Therefore he said, ‘one whose virtue has attained a state of sameness,’ meaning one whose virtue has attained a state of sameness through the accomplishment of virtue, having a similar mode of conduct. Although for worldlings too there might be no diversity in the fourfold purification virtue, that is not certain; this, however, is certain, being of a fixed nature. Therefore he said, ‘There is no diversity in the virtue of the path.’ It was said referring to that; that is, ‘Whatever those virtues are,’ etc., was said referring to the virtue of the path.

ယာယန္တိ ယာ အယံ မယှဉ္စေဝ တုမှာကဉ္စ ပစ္စက္ခဘူတာ. ဒိဋ္ဌီတိ မဂ္ဂသမ္မာဒိဋ္ဌိ. နိဒ္ဒေါသာတိ နိဒ္ဓုတဒေါသာ, သမုစ္ဆိန္နရာဂါဒိပါပဓမ္မာတိ အတ္ထော. နိယျာတီတိ ဝဋ္ဋဒုက္ခတော နိဿရတိ နိဂ္ဂစ္ဆတိ. သယံ နိယျန္တီယေဝ ဟိ တံသမင်္ဂိပုဂ္ဂလံ ဝဋ္ဋဒုက္ခတော နိယျာပေတီတိ ဝုစ္စတိ. ယာ သတ္ထု အနုသိဋ္ဌိ, တံ ကရောတီတိ တက္ကရော, တဿ, ယထာနုသိဋ္ဌံ ပဋိပဇ္ဇန္တဿာတိ အတ္ထော. သမာနဒိဋ္ဌိဘာဝန္တိ သဒိသဒိဋ္ဌိဘာဝံ သစ္စသမ္ပဋိဝေဓေန အဘိန္နဒိဋ္ဌိဘာဝံ.

‘Yāyanti’ means this which is directly evident to both me and you. ‘Diṭṭhi’ means the right view of the path. ‘Niddosā’ means free from faults, that is, having cut off defilements such as lust and other evil states. ‘Niyyāti’ means it escapes and departs from the suffering of the round. For it is said that, while itself leading out, it leads the person endowed with it out of the suffering of the round. A ‘takkara’ is one who does what the Teacher instructs; that is, one who practices as instructed. ‘Samānadiṭṭhibhāva’ means a state of similar view, a state of undivided view through the penetration of the truths.

ပဌမသာရဏီယသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the First Discourse on Amiability is concluded.

၂. ဒုတိယသာရဏီယသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

2. Commentary on the Second Discourse on Amiability

၁၂. ဒုတိယေ သဗြဟ္မစာရီနန္တိ သဟဓမ္မိကာနံ. ပိယံ ပိယာယိတဗ္ဗကံ ကရောန္တီတိ ပိယကရဏာ. ဂရုံ ဂရုဋ္ဌာနိယံ ကရောန္တီတိ ဂရုကရဏာ. သင်္ဂဏှနတ္ထာယာတိ သင်္ဂဟဝတ္ထုဝိသေသဘာဝတော သဗြဟ္မစာရီနံ သင်္ဂဟဏာယ သံဝတ္တန္တီတိ သမ္ဗန္ဓော. အဝိဝဒနတ္ထာယာတိ သင်္ဂဟဝတ္ထုဘာဝတော ဧဝ န ဝိဝဒနတ္ထာယ. သတိ စ အဝိဝဒနဟေတုဘူတသင်္ဂဟကတ္တေ တေသံ ဝသေန သဗြဟ္မစာရီနံ သမဂ္ဂဘာဝေါ ဘေဒါဘာဝေါ သိဒ္ဓေါယေဝါတိ အာဟ ‘‘သာမဂ္ဂိယာ’’တိအာဒိ.

12. In the second sutta, ‘sabrahmacārīnaṃ’ means ‘of fellow practitioners of the Dhamma.’ They are ‘piyakaraṇā’ because they make one dear and beloved. They are ‘garukaraṇā’ because they make one respected and venerable. ‘For winning over’: the connection is that because these states are a special basis of harmony, they conduce to winning over one's fellow practitioners. ‘For non-dispute’: precisely because they are a basis of harmony, they are for the sake of not disputing. And when there is this winning over that is the cause of non-dispute, by means of these things the unity and absence of division among one's fellow practitioners is certainly accomplished. Hence he said, ‘for harmony,’ etc.

ဒုတိယသာရဏီယသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Second Discourse on Amiability is concluded.

၃. နိဿာရဏီယသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

3. Commentary on the Discourse on Deliverance

၁၃. တတိယေ ဝဍ္ဎိတာတိ ဘာဝနာပါရိပူရိဝသေန ပရိဗြူဟိတာ. ပုနပ္ပုနံ ကတာတိ ဘာဝနာယ ဗဟုလီကရဏေန အပရာပရံ ပဝတ္တိတာ. ယုတ္တယာနသဒိသာ ကတာတိ ယထာ ယုတ္တမာဇညယာနံ ဆေကေန သာရထိနာ အဓိဋ္ဌိတံ ယထာရုစိ ပဝတ္တတိ, ဧဝံ ယထာရုစိ ပဝတ္တိရဟံ ဂဟိတာ. ဝတ္ထုကတာတိ ဝါ အဓိဋ္ဌာနဋ္ဌေန ဝတ္ထု ဝိယ ကတာ, သဗ္ဗသော ဥပက္ကိလေသဝိသောဓနေန ဣဒ္ဓိဝိသေသတာယ ပဝတ္တိဋ္ဌာနဘာဝတော သုဝိသောဓိတပရိဿယဝတ္ထု ဝိယ ကတာတိ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ. အဓိဋ္ဌိတာတိ ပဋိပက္ခဒူရီဘာဝတော [Pg.96] သုဘာဝိတဘာဝေန တံတံအဓိဋ္ဌာနယောဂျတာယ ဌပိတာ. သမန္တတော စိတာတိ သဗ္ဗဘာဂေန ဘာဝနူပစယံ ဂမိတာ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဥပစိတာ’တိ. သုဋ္ဌု သမာရဒ္ဓါတိ ဣဒ္ဓိဘာဝနာသိခါပ္ပတ္တိယာ သမ္မဒေဝ သမ္ဘာဝိတာ. အဘူတဗျာကရဏံ ဗျာကရောတီတိ ‘‘မေတ္တာ ဟိ ခေါ မေ စေတောဝိမုတ္တိ ဘာဝိတာ’’တိအာဒိနာ အတ္တနိ အဝိဇ္ဇမာနဂုဏာဘိဗျာဟာရံ ဗျာဟရတိ. စေတောဝိမုတ္တိသဒ္ဒံ အပေက္ခိတွာ ‘‘နိဿဋာ’’တိ ဝုတ္တံ. ပုန ဗျာပါဒေါ နတ္ထီတိ ဣဒါနိ မမ ဗျာပါဒေါ နာမ သဗ္ဗသော နတ္ထီတိ ဉတွာ.

13. In the third, `developed` means augmented by way of fulfilling the development. `Repeatedly done` means made to occur again and again by making much of the development. `Made like a yoked vehicle` means: just as a yoked thoroughbred vehicle, attended by a skilled driver, proceeds as desired, so it has been taken up as fit to proceed as desired. `Made a basis` means made like a basis in the sense of a foundation; or, it is said to be made like a well-purified ground free from dangers, because it is a place for the occurrence of the special attainment of spiritual power through the complete purification from defilements. `Established` means established in suitability for this or that resolve by being well-developed, since opposition is far away. `Accumulated all around` means brought to an accumulation of development in every part. Hence he said, `upacitā` (accumulated). `Well undertaken` means properly generated by reaching the peak of the development of spiritual power. `He makes a declaration about what is not factual` means he utters a statement about a quality not existing in himself, such as, 'My liberation of mind by loving-kindness has been developed.' With reference to the word 'liberation of mind,' it is said, `nissaṭā` (released). `There is no more ill will` means knowing: 'Now for me there is absolutely no such thing as ill will.'

ဗလဝဝိပဿနာတိ ဘယတုပဋ္ဌာနေ ဉာဏံ, အာဒီနဝါနုပဿနေ ဉာဏံ မုစ္စိတုကမျတာဉာဏံ, ဘင်္ဂဉာဏန္တိ စတုန္နံ ဉာဏာနံ အဓိဝစနံ. ယေသံ နိမိတ္တာနံ အဘာဝေန အရဟတ္တဖလသမာပတ္တိယာ အနိမိတ္တတာ, တံ ဒဿေတုံ ‘‘သာ ဟီ’’တိအာဒိ ဝုတ္တံ. တတ္ထ ရာဂဿ နိမိတ္တံ, ရာဂေါ ဧဝ ဝါ နိမိတ္တံ ရာဂနိမိတ္တံ. အာဒိ-သဒ္ဒေန ဒေါသနိမိတ္တာဒီနံ သင်္ဂဟော ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗော. ရူပဝေဒနာဒိသင်္ခါရနိမိတ္တံ ရူပနိမိတ္တာဒိ. တေသံယေဝ နိစ္စာဒိဝသေန ဥပဋ္ဌာနံ နိစ္စနိမိတ္တာဒိ. တယိဒံ နိမိတ္တံ ယသ္မာ သဗ္ဗေန သဗ္ဗံ အရဟတ္တဖလေ နတ္ထိ, တသ္မာ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘သာ ဟိ…ပေ… အနိမိတ္တာ’’တိ. နိမိတ္တံ အနုဿရတိ အနုဂစ္ဆတိ အာရဗ္ဘ ပဝတ္တတိ သီလေနာတိ နိမိတ္တာနုသာရီ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဝုတ္တပ္ပဘေဒံ နိမိတ္တံ အနုသရဏသဘာဝ’’န္တိ.

`Powerful insight` is a designation for these four kinds of knowledge: the knowledge of appearance as terror, the knowledge of contemplation of danger, the knowledge of desire for deliverance, and the knowledge of dissolution. To show the signlessness of the attainment of the fruit of arahantship, which is due to the absence of those signs, it was said, 'For it...,' etc. Herein, `the sign of lust` is either the object of lust or lust itself as a sign. By the word 'etc.' the inclusion of the sign of hatred, etc., should be understood. The sign of formations such as form, feeling, etc., is the sign of form, etc. The appearance of those very things as permanent, etc., is the sign of permanence, etc. Since this sign is in every way completely absent in the fruit of arahantship, it was therefore said: 'For it... is signless.' One who follows a sign (`nimittānusārī`) is one who by nature recollects a sign, follows it, and proceeds in dependence on it. Therefore he said, 'having the nature of following a sign of the kind explained.'

အသ္မိမာနောတိ ‘‘အသ္မီ’’တိ ပဝတ္တော အတ္တဝိသယော မာနော. အယံ နာမ အဟမသ္မီတိ ရူပလက္ခဏော ဝေဒနာဒီသု ဝါ အညတရလက္ခဏော အယံ နာမ အတ္တာ အဟံ အသ္မီတိ. အသ္မိမာနော သမုဂ္ဃာတီယတိ ဧတေနာတိ အသ္မိမာနသမုဂ္ဃာတော, အရဟတ္တမဂ္ဂေါ. ပုန အသ္မိမာနော နတ္ထီတိ တဿ အနုပ္ပတ္တိဓမ္မတာပါဒနံ ကိတ္တေန္တော သမုဂ္ဃာတတ္တမေဝ ဝိဘာဝေတိ.

"The conceit 'I am'" is the conceit concerning self that proceeds as "I am." Namely, the idea "such and such am I," characterized by form, or characterized by any of feeling, etc., as "this is the self, I am." "The eradication of the conceit 'I am'" is the path to arahantship, because it eradicates this conceit. Furthermore, by declaring "there is no more conceit 'I am'," he reveals precisely its eradication through the establishment of the natural state of its non-occurrence.

နိဿာရဏီယသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Discourse on Deliverance is concluded.

၄-၅. ဘဒ္ဒကသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

4-5. The Commentary on the Bhaddaka Sutta and Others

၁၄-၁၅. စတုတ္ထေ အာရမိတဗ္ဗဋ္ဌေန ဝါ ကမ္မံ အာရာမော ဧတဿာတိ ကမ္မာရာမော. ကမ္မေ ရတော န ဂန္ထဓုရေ ဝိပဿနာဓုရေ ဝါတိ ကမ္မရတော. ပုနပ္ပုနံ ယုတ္တောတိ တပ္ပရဘာဝေန အနု အနု ယုတ္တော ပသုတော. အာလာပသလ္လာပေါတိ ဣတ္ထိဝဏ္ဏပုရိသဝဏ္ဏာဒိဝသေန ပုနပ္ပုနံ လပနံ. ပဉ္စမေ နတ္ထိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗံ.

14-15. In the fourth: Or, `kammārāma` (one who delights in work) means one for whom work (kammaṃ) is a delight (ārāma) in the sense that it is to be undertaken. `Kammarata` (fond of work) means one who delights in work, not in the burden of the books or the burden of insight. 'Repeatedly engaged' means devotedly and eagerly involved, being intent on that. `Ālāpasallāpa` (talk and chatter) means repeated chatter about such things as the beauty of women and the beauty of men. In the fifth, there is nothing to be said.

ဘဒ္ဒကသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Bhaddaka Sutta and others is concluded.

၆. နကုလပိတုသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

6. The Commentary on the Nakulapitu Sutta

၁၆. ဆဋ္ဌေ [Pg.97] ဝိသဘာဂဝေဒနုပ္ပတ္တိယာ ကကစေနေဝ စတုဣရိယာပထံ ဆိန္ဒန္တော အာဗာဓယတီတိ အာဗာဓော, သော ယဿ အတ္ထီတိ အာဗာဓိကော. တံသမုဋ္ဌာနဒုက္ခေန ဒုက္ခိတော. အဓိမတ္တဂိလာနောတိ ဓာတုသင်္ခယေန ပရိက္ခီဏသရီရော.

16. In the sixth: `Ābādha` (affliction) is so called because it afflicts, cutting through the four postures like a saw, due to the arising of a disagreeable feeling. One who has this is an `ābādhika` (an afflicted one). 'Tormented' by the suffering that arises from that. `Adhimattagilāna` (gravely ill) means one whose body is worn out through the depletion of the elements.

သပ္ပဋိဘယကန္တာရသဒိသာ သောဠသဝတ္ထုကာ အဋ္ဌဝတ္ထုကာ စ ဝိစိကိစ္ဆာ တိဏ္ဏာ ဣမာယာတိ တိဏ္ဏဝိစိကိစ္ဆာ. ဝိဂတာ သမုစ္ဆိန္နာ ပဝတ္တိအာဒီသု ‘‘ဧဝံ နု ခေါ န နု ခေါ’’တိ ဧဝံ ပဝတ္တိကာ ကထံကထာ အဿာတိ ဝိဂတကထံကထာ. သာရဇ္ဇကရာနံ ပါပဓမ္မာနံ ပဟီနတ္တာ ရာဂဝိက္ခေပေသု သီလာဒိဂုဏေသု စ တိဋ္ဌကတ္တာ ဝေသာရဇ္ဇံ, ဝိသာရဒဘာဝံ ဝေယျတ္တိယံ ပတ္တာတိ ဝေသာရဇ္ဇပ္ပတ္တာ. အတ္တနာ ဧဝ ပစ္စက္ခတော ဒိဋ္ဌတ္တာ န ပရံ ပစ္စေတိ, နဿ ပရော ပစ္စေတဗ္ဗော အတ္ထီတိ အပရပ္ပစ္စယာ.

`Tiṇṇavicikicchā` (one who has crossed over doubt): one is so called because one has crossed over the sixteen-grounded and eight-grounded doubt, which is like a perilous wilderness. `Vigatakathaṃkathā` (one whose questioning is removed): one is so called because for him questioning—which proceeds as 'Is it so? Is it not so?' concerning occurrence and so on—has departed and been cut off. `Vesārajjappattā` (one who has attained fearlessness): one is so called because one has attained fearlessness, confidence, and proficiency, since evil states that cause diffidence have been abandoned and one is established in virtues such as moral discipline and in regard to the distractions of lust. `Aparappaccayā` (not reliant on another): one is so called because, having seen for oneself directly, one does not rely on another, nor is there another on whom one must rely.

ဂိလာနာ ဝုဋ္ဌိတောတိ ဂိလာနဘာဝတော ဝုဋ္ဌာယ ဌိတော. ဘာဝပ္ပဓာနော ဟိ အယံ နိဒ္ဒေသော. ဂိလာနော ဟုတွာ ဝုဋ္ဌိတောတိ ဣဒံ ပန အတ္ထမတ္တနိဒဿနံ.

'Having risen from illness' means one who stands firm, having risen from the state of illness. For this explanation emphasizes the state. But the phrase 'having been ill and then risen' is merely an illustration of the meaning.

နကုလပိတုသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Nakulapitu Sutta is concluded.

၇. သောပ္ပသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

7. The Commentary on the Soppa Sutta

၁၇. သတ္တမေ ပဋိသလ္လာနာ ဝုဋ္ဌိတောတိ ဧတ္ထ ပဋိသလ္လာနန္တိ တေဟိ တေဟိ သဒ္ဓိဝိဟာရိကအန္တေဝါသိကဥပါသကာဒိသတ္တေဟိ စေဝ ရူပါရမ္မဏာဒိသင်္ခါရေဟိ စ ပဋိနိဝတ္တိတွာ အပသက္ကိတွာ နိလီယနံ ဝိဝေစနံ. ကာယစိတ္တေဟိ တတော ဝိဝိတ္တော ဧကီဘာဝေါ ပဝိဝေကောတိ အာဟ ‘‘ဧကီဘာဝါယာ’’တိအာဒိ. ဧကီဘာဝတောတိ စ ဣမိနာ ကာယဝိဝေကတော ဝုဋ္ဌာနမာဟ. ဓမ္မနိဇ္ဈာနက္ခန္တိတောတိအာဒိနာ စိတ္တဝိဝေကတော. ဝုဋ္ဌိတောတိ တတော ဒုဝိဓဝိဝေကတော ဘဝင်္ဂုပ္ပတ္တိယာ သဗြဟ္မစာရီဟိ သမာဂမေန ဥပေတော.

17. In the seventh: Herein, regarding 'having emerged from seclusion,' 'seclusion' means withdrawing, drawing back, and hiding away—which is separation—from those various beings such as co-residents, pupils, and lay followers, and also from formations such as form-objects. Because solitude is being alone, secluded from that in body and mind, he said 'for the sake of solitude,' etc. And by 'from being alone,' he speaks of emerging from bodily seclusion. By 'patient endurance in the contemplation of phenomena,' etc., he speaks of emerging from mental seclusion. 'Emerged' means that, having emerged from that twofold seclusion, one is endowed with association with one's fellows in the holy life through the arising of the life-continuum.

သောပ္ပသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Soppa Sutta is concluded.

၈. မစ္ဆဗန္ဓသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

8. The Commentary on the Macchabandha Sutta

၁၈. အဋ္ဌမေ [Pg.98] မစ္ဆဃာတကန္တိ မစ္ဆဗန္ဓံ ကေဝဋ္ဋံ. ဩရဗ္ဘိကာဒီသု ဥရဗ္ဘာ ဝုစ္စန္တိ ဧဠကာ, ဥရဗ္ဘေ ဟန္တီတိ ဩရဗ္ဘိကော. သူကရိကာဒီသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော.

18. In the eighth: `Macchaghātaka` (fish-killer) means a fisherman, a `kevaṭṭa`. Among such as sheep-butchers, rams are called `urabbhā`; one who kills rams is an `orabbhika`. The same method applies to pig-butchers and so on.

မစ္ဆဗန္ဓသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Macchabandha Sutta is concluded.

၉. ပဌမမရဏဿတိသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

9. The Commentary on the First Discourse on Mindfulness of Death

၁၉. နဝမေ ဧဝံနာမကေ ဂါမေတိ နာတိကာနာမကံ ဂါမံ နိဿာယ. ဒွိန္နံ စူဠပိတိမဟာပိတိပုတ္တာနံ ဒွေ ဂါမာ, တေသု ဧကသ္မိံ ဂါမေ. ဉာတီနဉှိ နိဝါသဋ္ဌာနဘူတော ဂါမော ဉာတိကော, ဉာတိကောယေဝ နာတိကော ဉ-ကာရဿ န-ကာရာဒေသော ‘‘အနိမိတ္တာ န နာယရေ’’တိအာဒီသု (ဝိသုဒ္ဓိ. ၁.၁၇၄; သံ. နိ. အဋ္ဌ. ၁.၁.၂၀; ဇာ. အဋ္ဌ. ၂.၂.၃၄) ဝိယ. သော ကိရ ဂါမော ယေသံ တဒါ တေသံ ပုဗ္ဗပုရိသေန အတ္တနော ဉာတီနံ သာဓာရဏဘာဝေန နိဝသိတော, တေန ဉာတိကောတိ ပညာယိတ္ထ. အထ ပစ္ဆာ ဒွီဟိ ဒါယာဒေဟိ ဒွိဓာ ဝိဘဇိတွာ ပရိဘုတ္တော. ဂိဉ္ဇကာ ဝုစ္စတိ ဣဋ္ဌကာ, ဂိဉ္ဇကာဟိယေဝ ကတော အာဝသထောတိ ဂိဉ္ဇကာဝသထော. သော ဟိ အာဝါသော ယထာ သုဓာပရိကမ္မေန ပယောဇနံ နတ္ထိ, ဧဝံ ဣဋ္ဌကာဟိ ဧဝ စိနိတွာ ဆာဒေတွာ ကတော. တသ္မိံ ကိရ ပဒေသေ မတ္တိကာ သက္ခရမရုမ္ပဝါလုကာဒီဟိ အသမ္မိဿာ ကထိနာ သဏှသုခုမာ, တာယ ကတာနိ ကုလာလဘာဇနာနိပိ သိလာမယာနိ ဝိယ ဒဠှာနိ. တသ္မာ တေ ဥပါသကာ တာယ မတ္တိကာယ ဒီဃပုထူ ဣဋ္ဌကာ ကာရေတွာ ဌပေတွာ ဌပေတွာ ဒွါရဝါတပါနကဝါဋတုလာယော သဗ္ဗံ ဒဗ္ဗသမ္ဘာရေန ဝိနာ တာဟိ ဣဋ္ဌကာဟိယေဝ ပါသာဒံ ကာရေသုံ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘ဣဋ္ဌကာမယေ ပါသာဒေ’’တိ.

19. In the ninth: 'In the village so named' means near the village named Nātika. The two sons of Cūḷapiti and Mahāpiti had two villages; it was in one of those villages. Indeed, a village that is a residence for relatives is a `ñātika`. `Nātika` is just `ñātika`, with the letter `na` substituted for the letter `ña`, as in such cases as 'animittā na nāyare.' It is said that village was established by their ancestor for his relatives to live in common, thus it became known as Ñātika. Then later it was divided in two and used by two heirs. `Giñjakā` means brick. A residence made only of bricks is a `giñjakāvasatha` (brick hall). That residence was made by stacking and covering with bricks alone, such that there was no need for plasterwork. It is said that in that region the clay is hard, fine, and smooth, unmixed with gravel, pebbles, sand, and the like. Even pottery vessels made from it are as strong as if made of stone. Therefore those lay followers had long, thick bricks made from that clay and, by stacking them, built a mansion entirely from those bricks—including doors, windows, shutters, and lintels—without any wooden material. Hence it was said: 'in a brick mansion.'

ရတ္တိန္ဒိဝန္တိ ဧကရတ္တိဒိဝံ. ဘဂဝတော သာသနန္တိ အရိယမဂ္ဂပ္ပဋိဝေဓာဝဟံ သတ္ထု ဩဝါဒံ. ဗဟု ဝတ မေ ကတံ အဿာတိ ဗဟု ဝတ မယာ အတ္တဟိတံ ပဗ္ဗဇိတကိစ္စံ ကတံ ဘဝေယျ.

'A night and day' means a single night and day. 'The Blessed One's teaching' means the Teacher's instruction that leads to the penetration of the noble path. 'Much indeed would have been done by me' means: 'Much indeed of the duty of one gone forth, for my own welfare, would have been done by me.'

တဒန္တရန္တိ တတ္တကံ ဝေလံ. ဧကပိဏ္ဍပါတန္တိ ဧကံ ဒိဝသံ ယာပနပ္ပဟောနကံ ပိဏ္ဍပါတံ. ယာဝ အန္တော ပဝိဋ္ဌဝါတော ဗဟိ နိက္ခမတိ, ဗဟိ နိက္ခန္တဝါတော [Pg.99] ဝါ အန္တော ပဝိသတီတိ ဧကဿေဝ ပဝေသနိက္ခမော ဝိယ ဝုတ္တံ, တံ နာသိကာဝါတဘာဝသာမညေနာတိ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗံ.

'The interval' means just that much time. 'A single alms-meal' means an alms-meal sufficient to last for a single day. The time it takes for an in-breath that has entered to go out, or for an out-breath that has gone out to enter, is spoken of as if it were a single entering and exiting. This should be understood as being due to the common nature of the breath in the nose.

ပဌမမရဏဿတိသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the First Discourse on Mindfulness of Death is concluded.

၁၀. ဒုတိယမရဏဿတိသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

10. Commentary on the Second Discourse on Mindfulness of Death

၂၀. ဒသမေ နိက္ခန္တေတိ ဝီတိဝတ္တေ. ပတိဂတာယာတိ ပစ္စာဂတာယ, သမ္ပတ္တာယာတိ အတ္ထော. တေနာဟ ‘‘ပဋိပန္နာယာ’’တိ. သော မမဿ အန္တရာယောတိ ယထာဝုတ္တာ န ကေဝလံ ကာလကိရိယာဝ, မမ အတိဒုလ္လဘံ ခဏံ လဘိတွာ တဿ သတ္ထုသာသနမနသိကာရဿ စေဝ ဇီဝိတဿ စ သဂ္ဂမောက္ခာနဉ္စ အန္တရာယော အဿ, ဘဝေယျာတိ အတ္ထော. တေနာဟ ‘‘တိဝိဓော အန္တရာယော’’တိအာဒိ. ဝိပဇ္ဇေယျာတိ ဝိပတ္တိံ ဂစ္ဆေယျ. သတ္ထကေန ဝိယ အင်္ဂပစ္စင်္ဂါနံ ကန္တနကာရကာ ကာယေ သန္ဓိဗန္ဓနစ္ဆေဒကဝါတာ သတ္ထကဝါတာ. ကတ္တုကမျတာဆန္ဒောတိ နိယျာနာဝဟော ကတ္တုကမျတာကုသလစ္ဆန္ဒော. ပယောဂဝီရိယန္တိ ဘာဝနာနုယောဂဝီရိယံ. န ပဋိဝါတိ န ပဋိနိဝတ္တတီတိ အပ္ပဋိဝါနီ, အန္တရာ ဝေါသာနာနာပဇ္ဇနဝီရိယံ. တေနာဟ ‘‘အနုက္ကဏ္ဌနာ အပ္ပဋိသံဃရဏာ’’တိ.

20. In the tenth [discourse], 'nikkhante' means 'having passed beyond.' 'Patigatāya' means 'having returned,' which has the meaning 'having arrived.' Therefore, it is said, 'paṭipannāya.' 'So mamassa antarāyo' means not merely death, as stated, but having obtained this extremely rare moment, it would be an obstacle to the attention to the Teacher's dispensation, to life, and to heaven and liberation; that is the meaning. Therefore, it is said, 'the threefold obstacle,' and so on. 'Vipajjeyya' means 'would meet with ruin.' Like a knife that cuts the limbs major and minor, the winds that sever the joint-ligaments in the body are called 'knife-like winds' (satthakavātā). 'Kattukamyatāchando' means the wholesome desire of wishing to do, which leads to release. 'Payogavīriya' means the energy of application to meditation. 'Na paṭivāti' means 'it does not turn back,' hence 'appaṭivānī,' the energy that does not come to an end in between. Therefore, it is said, 'not shrinking back, not holding back'.

ဒုတိယမရဏဿတိသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Second Discourse on Mindfulness of Death is concluded.

သာရဏီယဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Sāraṇīyavagga is concluded.

၃. အနုတ္တရိယဝဂ္ဂေါ

3. The Chapter on the Unsurpassed

၁-၂. သာမကသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

1-2. Commentary on the Sāmaka Sutta and others

၂၁-၂၂. တတိယဿ ပဌမေ ကေဝလကပ္ပန္တိ ဧတ္ထ ကေဝလ-သဒ္ဒေါ အနဝသေသတ္ထော, ကပ္ပ-သဒ္ဒေါ သမန္တဘာဝတ္ထော. တသ္မာ ကေဝလကပ္ပံ ပေါက္ခရဏိယန္တိ ဧဝမတ္ထော ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗော. အနဝသေသံ ဖရိတုံ သမတ္ထဿပိ ဩဘာသဿ ကေနစိ ကာရဏေန ဧကဒေသဖရဏမ္ပိ သိယာ, အယံ ပန သဗ္ဗသောဝ ဖရတီတိ ဒဿေတုံ သမန္တတ္ထော ကပ္ပ-သဒ္ဒေါ ဂဟိတော. အတ္တနော ဩဘာသေန ဖရိတွာတိ ဝတ္ထာလင်္ကာရသရီရသမုဋ္ဌိတေန ဩဘာသေန ဖရိတွာ, စန္ဒိမာ [Pg.100] ဝိယ ဧကောဘာသံ ဧကပဇ္ဇောတံ ကရိတွာတိ အတ္ထော. သမနုညောတိ သမ္မဒေဝ ကတမနုညော. တေနာဟ ‘‘သမာနစိတ္တော’’တိ, သမာနဇ္ဈာသယောတိ အတ္ထော. ဒုက္ခံ ဝစော ဧတသ္မိန္တိ ဒုဗ္ဗစော, တဿ ကမ္မံ ဒေါဝစဿံ, တဿ ပုဂ္ဂလဿ အနာဒရိယဝသေန ပဝတ္တာ စေတနာ, တဿ ဘာဝေါ အတ္ထိတာ ဒေါဝစဿတာ. အထ ဝါ ဒေါဝစဿမေဝ ဒေါဝစဿတာ. သာ အတ္ထတော သင်္ခါရက္ခန္ဓော ဟောတိ. စေတနာပဓာနော ဟိ သင်္ခါရက္ခန္ဓော. စတုန္နံ ဝါ ခန္ဓာနံ အပဒက္ခိဏဂ္ဂါဟိတာကာရေန ပဝတ္တာနံ ဧတံ အဓိဝစနန္တိ ဝဒန္တိ. ပါပါ အဿဒ္ဓါဒယော ပုဂ္ဂလာ ဧတဿ မိတ္တာတိ ပါပမိတ္တော, တဿ ဘာဝေါ ပါပမိတ္တတာ. သာပိ အတ္ထတော ဒေါဝစဿတာ ဝိယ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗာ. ယာယ ဟိ စေတနာယ ပုဂ္ဂလော ပါပမိတ္တော ပါပသမ္ပဝင်္ကော နာမ ဟောတိ, သာ စေတနာ ပါပမိတ္တတာ. စတ္တာရောပိ ဝါ အရူပိနော ခန္ဓာ တဒါကာရပ္ပဝတ္တာ ပါပမိတ္တတာ. ဒုတိယံ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

21-22. In the first [discourse] of the third [vagga], regarding 'kevalakappaṃ,' here the word 'kevala' has the meaning 'without remainder,' and the word 'kappa' has the meaning 'all-encompassing.' Therefore, the meaning of 'kevalakappaṃ pokkharaṇiyaṃ' should be understood in this way. Even if a light is capable of pervading without remainder, its pervading of only one part might occur due to some reason; but here, to show that this one pervades entirely, the word 'kappa' is taken in the sense of 'all-encompassing.' 'Attano obhāsena pharitvā' means having pervaded with the light arisen from one's clothing, ornaments, and body, like the moon making a single radiance, a single effulgence; that is the meaning. 'Samanuñño' means 'truly made agreeable.' Therefore, it is said, 'samānacitto,' meaning 'of the same mind,' that is, 'of the same inclination.' 'Dukkhaṃ vaco etasmiṃ' means 'speech is difficult for him,' hence 'dubbaco' (one difficult to admonish). His action is 'dovacassaṃ' (difficulty in being admonished). The intention that proceeds by way of disrespect for that person, its state, its existence, is 'dovacassatā' (the state of being difficult to admonish). Alternatively, 'dovacassatā' is simply 'dovacassaṃ.' In essence, it is the aggregate of formations. For the aggregate of formations is led by intention. Or, some say, this is a designation for the four aggregates functioning in a manner of improper grasping. 'Pāpā assaddhādayo puggalā etassa mittā' means 'evil, faithless persons, etc., are his friends,' hence 'pāpamitto' (one with evil friends). His state is 'pāpamittatā' (the state of having evil friends). This too should be seen essentially like 'dovacassatā.' For the intention by which a person is called an evil friend, one with evil associations, that intention is 'pāpamittatā.' Or the four immaterial aggregates functioning in that manner are 'pāpamittatā.' The second [discourse] is quite clear.

သာမကသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Sāmaka Sutta and others is concluded.

၃. ဘယသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

3. Commentary on the Bhaya Sutta

၂၃. တတိယေ သမ္ဘဝတိ ဇာတိမရဏံ ဧတေနာတိ သမ္ဘဝေါ, ဥပါဒါနန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘ဇာတိယာ စ မရဏဿ စ သမ္ဘဝေ ပစ္စယဘူတေ’’တိ. အနုပါဒါတိ အနုပါဒါယ. တေနာဟ ‘‘အနုပါဒိယိတွာ’’တိ. ဇာတိမရဏာနိ သမ္မာ ခီယန္တိ ဧတ္ထာတိ ဇာတိမရဏသင်္ခယော, နိဗ္ဗာနန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘ဇာတိမရဏာနံ သင်္ခယသင်္ခါတေ နိဗ္ဗာနေ’’တိ. သဗ္ဗဒုက္ခံ ဥပစ္စဂုန္တိ သကလမ္ပိ ဝဋ္ဋဒုက္ခံ အတိက္ကန္တာ စရိမစိတ္တနိရောဓေန ဝဋ္ဋဒုက္ခလေသဿပိ အသမ္ဘဝတော.

23. In the third [discourse], 'sambhavo' (arising) is so called because birth and death arise through this; it is 'upādāna' (clinging). It is said: 'being a condition for the arising of birth and death.' 'Anupādā' means 'anupādāya' (not having clung). Therefore, it is said, 'anupādiyitvā' (not having clung). 'Jātimaraṇasaṅkhayo' (the destruction of birth and death) is so called because birth and death are completely destroyed here; it is 'nibbāna.' It is said: 'in Nibbāna, which is designated as the destruction of birth and death.' 'Sabbadukkhaṃ upaccaguṃ' means they have transcended all the suffering of the round of existence, because with the cessation of the final consciousness, there is no arising of even a trace of the suffering of the round.

ဘယသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Bhaya Sutta is concluded.

၄. ဟိမဝန္တသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

4. Commentary on the Himavanta Sutta

၂၄. စတုတ္ထေ သမာပတ္တိကုသလော ဟောတီတိ သမာပဇ္ဇနကုသလော ဟောတိ. တေနာဟ ‘‘သမာပဇ္ဇိတုံ ကုသလော’’တိ. တတ္ထ အန္တောဂတဟေတုအတ္ထော ဌိတိ-သဒ္ဒေါ, တသ္မာ ဌပနကုသလောတိ အတ္ထောတိ အာဟ ‘‘သမာဓိံ ဌပေတုံ သက္ကောတီတိ အတ္ထော’’တိ. တတ္ထ ဌပေတုံ သက္ကောတီတိ သတ္တဋ္ဌအစ္ဆရာမတ္တံ [Pg.101] ခဏံ ဈာနံ ဌပေတုံ သက္ကောတိ အဓိဋ္ဌာနဝသိဘာဝဿ နိပ္ဖာဒိတတ္တာ. ယထာပရိစ္ဆေဒေနာတိ ယထာပရိစ္ဆိန္နကာလေန. ဝုဋ္ဌာတုံ သက္ကောတိ ဝုဋ္ဌာနဝသိဘာဝဿ နိပ္ဖာဒိတတ္တာ. ကလ္လံ သဉ္ဇာတံ အဿာတိ ကလ္လိတံ, တသ္မိံ ကလ္လိတေ ကလ္လိတဘာဝေ ကုသလော ကလ္လိတကုသလော. ဟာသေတုံ တောသေတုံ သမ္ပဟံသေတုံ. ကလ္လံ ကာတုန္တိ သမာဓာနဿ ပဋိပက္ခဓမ္မာနံ ဒူရီကရဏေန သဟကာရီကာရဏာနဉ္စ သမပ္ပဓာနေန သမာပဇ္ဇနေ စိတ္တံ သမတ္ထံ ကာတုံ. သမာဓိဿ ဂေါစရကုသလောတိ သမာဓိသ္မိံ နိပ္ဖာဒေတဗ္ဗေ တဿ ဂေါစရေ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနသညိတေ ပဝတ္တိဋ္ဌာနေ ဘိက္ခာစာရဂေါစရေ သတိသမ္ပဇညယောဂတော ကုသလော ဆေကော. တေနာဟ ‘‘သမာဓိဿ အသပ္ပာယေ အနုပကာရကေ ဓမ္မေ ဝဇ္ဇေတွာ’’တိအာဒိ. ပဌမဇ္ဈာနာဒိသမာဓိံ အဘိနီဟရိတုန္တိ ပဌမဇ္ဈာနာဒိသမာဓိံ ဝိသေသဘာဂိယတာယ အဘိနီဟရိတုံ ဥပနေတုံ.

24. In the fourth [discourse], 'samāpattikusalo hoti' means one is skilled in entering. Therefore, it is said, 'skilled in entering.' Here, the word 'ṭhiti' has the meaning of an included cause; therefore, the meaning is 'skilled in establishing,' and it is said: 'the meaning is, "is able to establish concentration."' There, 'is able to establish' means one is able to establish the jhāna for a moment lasting as long as seven or eight finger-snaps, because mastery in determination has been accomplished. 'Yathāparicchedena' means 'according to the determined time.' 'Is able to emerge' means because mastery in emerging has been accomplished. 'Kallaṃ sañjātaṃ assa' means 'it has become ready,' hence 'kallitaṃ.' Being skilled in that ready state is 'kallitakusalo.' 'To gladden, to please, to delight.' 'Kallaṃ kātuṃ' means to make the mind capable of entering into concentration by removing the opposing factors and by giving equal prominence to the supporting factors. 'Samādhissa gocarakusalo' means one is skilled and expert, through the application of mindfulness and clear comprehension, in the sphere of concentration to be accomplished, in its sphere which is the place of practice designated as the meditation subject, and in the sphere of the alms-round. Therefore, it is said, 'having avoided things unfavorable and unhelpful to concentration,' and so on. 'Paṭhamajjhānādisamādhiṃ abhinīharituṃ' means to direct or lead the first jhāna and other concentrations toward a state of distinction.

ဟိမဝန္တသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Himavanta Sutta is concluded.

၅. အနုဿတိဋ္ဌာနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

5. Commentary on the Anussatiṭṭhāna Sutta

၂၅. ပဉ္စမေ အနုဿတိကာရဏာနီတိ အနုဿတိယော ဧဝ ဒိဋ္ဌဓမ္မိကသမ္ပရာယိကာဒိဟိတသုခါနံ ဟေတုဘာဝတော ကာရဏာနိ. နိက္ခန္တန္တိ နိဿဋံ. မုတ္တန္တိ ဝိဿဋ္ဌံ. ဝုဋ္ဌိတန္တိ အပေတံ. သဗ္ဗမေတံ ဝိက္ခမ္ဘနမေဝ သန္ဓာယ ဝဒတိ. ဂေဓမှာတိ ပဉ္စကာမဂုဏတော. ဣဒမ္ပီတိ ဗုဒ္ဓါနုဿတိဝသေန လဒ္ဓံ ဥပစာရဇ္ဈာနမာဟ. အာရမ္မဏံ ကရိတွာတိ ပစ္စယံ ကရိတွာ, ပါဒကံ ကတွာတိ အတ္ထော.

25. In the fifth [sutta], 'anussatikāraṇāni' (causes for recollection) means the recollections themselves are causes, because they are the cause for welfare and happiness in this life, the next life, and so forth. 'Nikkhantaṃ' (departed) means escaped. 'Muttaṃ' (released) means detached. 'Vuṭṭhitaṃ' (emerged) means withdrawn. All this is said with reference to suppression itself. 'Gedhamhā' (from greed) means from the five cords of sensual pleasure. 'Idampi' (this too) refers to the access concentration attained by means of the recollection of the Buddha. 'Ārammaṇaṃ karitvā' (having made it an object) means having made it a condition, having made it a foundation; that is the meaning.

အနုဿတိဋ္ဌာနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Anussatiṭṭhāna Sutta is concluded.

၆. မဟာကစ္စာနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

6. Commentary on the Mahākaccāna Sutta

၂၆. ဆဋ္ဌေ သမ္ဗာဓေတိ ဝါ တဏှာသံကိလေသာဒီနံ သမ္ပီဠေ သင်္ကရေ ဃရာဝါသေ. ဩကာသာ ဝုစ္စန္တီတိ မဂ္ဂဖလသုခါဓိဂမာယ ဩကာသဘာဝတော ဩကာသာတိ ဝုစ္စန္တိ. ဩကာသာဓိဂမောတိ လောကုတ္တရဓမ္မဿ အဓိဂမာယ အဓိဂန္တဗ္ဗဩကာသော. ဝိသုဇ္ဈနတ္ထာယာတိ ရာဂါဒီဟိ မလေဟိ အဘိဇ္ဈာဝိသမလောဘာဒီဟိ [Pg.102] စ ဥပက္ကိလိဋ္ဌစိတ္တာနံ ဝိသုဒ္ဓတ္ထာယ. သာ ပနာယံ စိတ္တဿ ဝိသုဒ္ဓိ သိဇ္ဈမာနာ ယသ္မာ သောကာဒီနံ အနုပါဒါယ သံဝတ္တတိ, တသ္မာ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘သောကပရိဒေဝါနံ သမတိက္ကမာယာ’’တိအာဒိ. တတ္ထ သောစနံ ဉာတိဗျသနာဒိနိမိတ္တံ စေတသော သန္တာပေါ အန္တောတာပေါ အန္တောနိဇ္ဈာနံ သောကော, ဉာတိဗျသနာဒိနိမိတ္တမေဝ သောစိကတာ. ‘‘ကဟံ ဧကပုတ္တကာ’’တိအာဒိနာ (မ. နိ. ၂.၃၅၃-၃၅၄; သံ. နိ. ၂.၆၃) ပရိဒေဝနဝသေန လပနံ ပရိဒေဝေါ. သမတိက္ကမနတ္ထာယာတိ ပဟာနာယ. အာယတိံ အနုပ္ပဇ္ဇနဉှိ ဣဓ သမတိက္ကမော. ဒုက္ခဒေါမနဿာနံ အတ္ထင်္ဂမာယာတိ ကာယိကဒုက္ခဿ စ စေတသိကဒေါမနဿဿ စာတိ ဣမေသံ ဒွိန္နံ အတ္ထင်္ဂမာယ, နိရောဓာယာတိ အတ္ထော. ဉာယတိ နိစ္ဆယေန ကမတိ နိဗ္ဗာနံ, တံ ဝါ ဉာယတိ ပဋိဝိဇ္ဈတိ ဧတေနာတိ ဉာယော, အရိယမဂ္ဂေါ. ဣဓ ပန သဟ ပုဗ္ဗဘာဂေန အရိယမဂ္ဂေါ ဂဟိတောတိ အာဟ ‘‘သဟဝိပဿနကဿ မဂ္ဂဿ အဓိဂမနတ္ထာယာ’’တိ. အပစ္စယပရိနိဗ္ဗာနဿာတိ အနုပါဒိသေသနိဗ္ဗာနံ သန္ဓာယ ဝဒတိ. ပစ္စယဝသေန အနုပ္ပန္နံ အသင်္ခတံ အမတဓာတုမေဝ. သေသမေတ္ထ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

26. In the sixth [sutta], `sambādheti` (it is crowded) refers to the oppression by craving, defilements, and so forth, or the congestion in household life. “Opportunities” (okāsā) are so called because they are opportunities for the attainment of the happiness of the path and fruition. “Gaining opportunity” (okāsādhigamo) refers to the opportunity to be attained for the realization of the supramundane Dhamma. “For the purpose of purification” (visujjhanatthāya) means for the purification of minds defiled by stains such as lust and so forth, and by covetousness, unrighteous greed, and so forth. This purification of the mind, when accomplished, leads to the non-arising of sorrow and so forth; hence it is said, “for the overcoming of sorrow and lamentation,” and so forth. Here, sorrow (soko) is the inner burning, inner torment, and inner anguish of the mind due to the loss of relatives and so forth; it is the state of being sorrowful due to the loss of relatives and so forth. Lamentation (paridevo) is the wailing expressed through words like, “Where is my only child?” and so forth. “For the purpose of overcoming” (samatikkamanatthāya) means for abandoning; for here, overcoming is non-arising in the future. “For the cessation of suffering and displeasure” (dukkhadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamāya) means for the cessation of these two—bodily suffering and mental displeasure; that is, for their cessation. The path (ñāyo) is so called because it decisively goes to Nibbāna, or because one knows and penetrates Nibbāna by it; it is the Noble Path. Here, however, the Noble Path is taken together with its preliminary aspect; hence it is said, “for the attainment of the path accompanied by insight.” The term `apaccaya-parinibbānassa` refers to Nibbāna without residue. It is simply the unconditioned, unborn, deathless element that has not arisen by way of conditions. The rest here is evident.

မဟာကစ္စာနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The explanation of the Mahākaccāna Sutta is concluded.

၇. ပဌမသမယသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

7. Explanation of the First Assembly Sutta.

၂၇. သတ္တမေ ဝဍ္ဎေတီတိ မနသော ဝိဝဋ္ဋနိဿိတံ ဝဍ္ဎိံ အာဝဟတိ. မနောဘာဝနီယောတိ ဝါ မနသာ ဘာဝိတော သမ္ဘာဝိတော. ယဉ္စ အာဝဇ္ဇတော မနသိ ကရောတော စိတ္တံ ဝိနီဝရဏံ ဟောတိ. ဣမသ္မိံ ပက္ခေ ကမ္မသာဓနော သမ္ဘာဝနတ္ထော ဘာဝနီယ-သဒ္ဒေါ. ‘‘ထိနမိဒ္ဓဝိနောဒနကမ္မဋ္ဌာန’’န္တိ ဝတွာ တဒေဝ ဝိဘာဝေန္တော ‘‘အာလောကသညံ ဝါ’’တိအာဒိမာဟ. ဝီရိယာရမ္ဘဝတ္ထုအာဒီနံ ဝါတိ ဧတ္ထ အာဒိ-သဒ္ဒေန ဣဓ အဝုတ္တာနံ အတိဘောဇနေ နိမိတ္တဂ္ဂါဟာဒီနံ သင်္ဂဟော ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗော. ဝုတ္တဉှေတံ ‘‘ဆ ဓမ္မာ ထိနမိဒ္ဓဿ ပဟာနာယ သံဝတ္တန္တိ အတိဘောဇနေ နိမိတ္တဂ္ဂါဟော, ဣရိယာပထသမ္ပရိဝတ္တနတာ, အာလောကသညာမနသိကာရော, အဗ္ဘောကာသဝါသော, ကလျာဏမိတ္တတာ, သပ္ပာယကထာ’’တိ (ဣတိဝု. အဋ္ဌ. ၁၁၁). အန္တရာယသဒ္ဒပရိယာယော ဣဓ အန္တရာ-သဒ္ဒေါတိ အာဟ ‘‘အနန္တရာယေနာ’’တိ.

27. In the seventh [sutta], `vaḍḍheti` (it increases) means it brings about growth dependent on the turning away of the mind. Or, `manobhāvanīyo` (to be developed by the mind) means cultivated and developed by the mind. And when one reflects and attends, the mind becomes free from hindrances. In this alternative, the word `bhāvanīya` is formed in the objective sense with the meaning of 'to be developed.' Having stated, “the meditation subject for dispelling sloth and torpor,” he elaborates on that very point by saying, “the perception of light,” and so forth. Regarding “or of the bases for initiating energy, and so forth,” here, the word “and so forth” should be understood to include what is not mentioned here, such as overeating, grasping at signs, and so forth. For it is said: “Six things lead to the abandoning of sloth and torpor: overeating, grasping at signs, changing postures, attending to the perception of light, dwelling in the open, good friendship, and suitable talk” (Itivuttaka Commentary 111). The word `antarā` here is a synonym for the word `antarāya` (obstacle); hence he says, `anantarāyena` (without obstacle).

ပဌမသမယသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The explanation of the First Assembly Sutta is concluded.

၈. ဒုတိယသမယသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

8. Explanation of the Second Assembly Sutta.

၂၈. အဋ္ဌမေ [Pg.103] မဏ္ဍလသဏ္ဌာနမာဠသင်္ခေပေန ကတာ ဘောဇနသာလာ မဏ္ဍလမာဠာတိ အဓိပ္ပေတာတိ အာဟ ‘‘ဘောဇနသာလာယာ’’တိ. သေသမေတ္ထ သုဝိညေယျမေဝ.

28. In the eighth [sutta], the dining hall made with a construction resembling a circular pavilion is what is intended by the term `maṇḍalamāḷa`; hence he says, “in the dining hall” (bhojanasālāyā). The rest here is easily understood.

ဒုတိယသမယသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The explanation of the Second Assembly Sutta is concluded.

၉. ဥဒါယီသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

9. Explanation of the Udāyī Sutta.

၂၉. နဝမေ ဒိဋ္ဌဓမ္မော ဝုစ္စတိ ပစ္စက္ခော အတ္တဘာဝေါတိ အာဟ ‘‘ဣမသ္မိံယေဝ အတ္တဘာဝေ’’တိ. သုခဝိဟာရတ္ထာယာတိ နိက္ကိလေသတာယ နိရာမိသေန သုခေန ဝိဟာရတ္ထာယ. အာလောကသညံ မနသိ ကရောတီတိ သူရိယစန္ဒပဇ္ဇောတမဏိဥက္ကာဝိဇ္ဇုအာဒီနံ အာလောကော ဒိဝါ ရတ္တိဉ္စ ဥပလဒ္ဓေါ, ယထာလဒ္ဓဝသေနေဝ အာလောကံ မနသိ ကရောတိ, စိတ္တေ ဌပေတိ. တထာ စ နံ မနသိ ကရောတိ, ယထာဿ သုဘာဝိတာလောကကသိဏဿ ဝိယ ကသိဏာလောကော ယထိစ္ဆကံ ယာဝဒိစ္ဆကဉ္စ သော အာလောကော ရတ္တိယံ ဥပတိဋ္ဌတိ. ယေန တတ္ထ ဒိဝါသညံ ဌပေတိ, ဒိဝါရိဝ ဝိဂတထိနမိဒ္ဓေါ ဟောတိ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ယထာ ဒိဝါ တထာ ရတ္တိ’’န္တိ. ဒိဝါတိ သညံ ဌပေတီတိ ဝုတ္တနယေန မနသိ ကတွာ ဒိဝါရိဝ သညံ ဥပ္ပာဒေတိ. ယထာနေန ဒိဝါ…ပေ… တထေဝ တံ မနသိ ကရောတီတိ ယထာနေန ဒိဝါ ဥပလဒ္ဓေါ သူရိယာလောကော, ဧဝံ ရတ္တိမ္ပိ ဒိဝါ ဒိဋ္ဌာကာရေနေဝ တံ အာလောကံ မနသိ ကရောတိ. ယထာ စနေန ရတ္တိံ…ပေ… မနသိ ကရောတီတိ ယထာ ရတ္တိယံ စန္ဒာလောကော ဥပလဒ္ဓေါ, ဧဝံ ဒိဝါပိ ရတ္တိံ ဒိဋ္ဌာကာရေနေဝ တံ အာလောကံ မနသိ ကရောတိ, စိတ္တေ ဌပေတိ. ဝိဝဋေနာတိ ထိနမိဒ္ဓေန အပိဟိတတ္တာ ဝိဝဋေန. အနောနဒ္ဓေနာတိ အသဉ္ဆာဒိတေန. သဟောဘာသကန္တိ သညာဏောဘာသံ. ဒိဗ္ဗစက္ခုဉာဏံ ရူပဂတဿ ဒိဗ္ဗဿ ဣတရဿ စ ဒဿနဋ္ဌေန ဣဓ ဉာဏဒဿနန္တိ အဓိပ္ပေတန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘ဒိဗ္ဗစက္ခုသင်္ခါတဿာ’’တိအာဒိ.

29. In the ninth [sutta], `diṭṭhadhammo` (visible in this very life) is said to be the present existence; hence he says, “in this very existence” (imasmiṃyeva attabhāve). “For the sake of dwelling happily” (sukhavihāratthāya) means for the purpose of dwelling with the happiness that is unworldly and free from defilements. “He attends to the perception of light” (ālokasaññaṃ manasi karoti) means that the light of the sun, moon, lamps, gems, meteors, lightning, and so forth, is perceived by day and night; he simply attends to that light as it is perceived, fixing it in the mind. He attends to it in such a way that, like the light of a well-developed light-kasiṇa, that light appears to him at night as he wishes and for as long as he wishes. By this, he establishes the perception of day, and thus, even at night, he is free from sloth and torpor. Hence it is said, “as by day, so by night” (yathā divā tathā rattiṃ). “He establishes the perception of day” (divāti saññaṃ ṭhapeti) means having attended to it in the manner stated, he generates the perception as if it were day. “Just as by day… so he attends to it” (yathā divā… tatheva taṃ manasi karoti) means just as the light of the sun is perceived by day, so at night he attends to that light in the same way as seen by day. “Just as by night… he attends to it” (yathā rattiṃ… manasi karoti) means just as the light of the moon is perceived by night, so by day he attends to that light in the same way as seen by night, fixing it in the mind. “With an open mind” (vivaṭena) means open because it is not covered by sloth and torpor. “Unobstructed” (anonaddhenāti) means not obscured. “With co-arisen illumination” (sahobhāsakaṃ) means the illumination of consciousness. The knowledge of the divine eye is intended here as “knowledge and vision” (ñāṇadassana) in the sense of seeing forms, whether divine or other. Hence he says, “designated as the divine eye” (dibbacakkhusaṅkhātassa), and so forth.

ဥဒ္ဓံ ဇီဝိတပရိယာဒါနာတိ ဇီဝိတက္ခယတော ဥပရိ မရဏတော ပရံ. သမုဂ္ဂတေနာတိ ဥဋ္ဌိတေန. ဓုမာတတ္တာတိ ဥဒ္ဓံ ဥဒ္ဓံ ဓုမာတတ္တာ သူနတ္တာ[Pg.104]. သေတရတ္တေဟိ ဝိပရိဘိန္နံ ဝိမိဿိတံ နီလံ, ပုရိမဝဏ္ဏဝိပရိဏာမဘူတံ ဝါ နီလံ ဝိနီလံ, ဝိနီလမေဝ ဝိနီလကန္တိ က-ကာရေန ပဒဝဍ္ဎနမာဟ အနတ္ထန္တရတော ယထာ ‘‘ပီတကံ လောဟိတက’’န္တိ. ပဋိကူလတ္တာတိ ဇိဂုစ္ဆနီယတ္တာ. ကုစ္ဆိတံ ဝိနီလံ ဝိနီလကန္တိ ကုစ္ဆနတ္ထော ဝါ အယံ က-ကာရောတိ ဒဿေတုံ ဝုတ္တံ ယထာ ‘‘ပါပကော ကိတ္တိသဒ္ဒေါ အဗ္ဘုဂ္ဂစ္ဆတီ’’တိ (ဒီ. နိ. ၃.၃၁၆; အ. နိ. ၅.၂၁၃). ပရိဘိန္နဋ္ဌာနေဟိ ကာကဓင်္ကာဒီဟိ. ဝိဿန္ဒမာနံ ပုဗ္ဗန္တိ ဝိဿဝန္တပုဗ္ဗံ, တဟံ တဟံ ပဂ္ဃရန္တပုဗ္ဗန္တိ အတ္ထော. တထာဘာဝန္တိ ဝိဿန္ဒမာနပုဗ္ဗတံ.

“Beyond the exhaustion of life” (uddhaṃ jīvitapariyādānā) means beyond the destruction of life, after death. “Having risen” (samuggatena) means having arisen. “Bloated” (dhumātattā) means swollen upwards and upwards, bloated. A discolored corpse (`vinīlaka`) is one that is discolored and mixed with white and red. Or, `vinīla` means blue that has undergone a transformation from its original color; `vinīlaka` is merely `vinīla`, which he says is a word-extension with the suffix `-ka` without difference in meaning, just as in “yellowish” (pītakaṃ) and “reddish” (lohitakaṃ). “Repulsive” (paṭikūlattā) means being disgusting. Or, to show that this suffix `-ka` in `vinīlaka` has the meaning of “contemptible” (kucchitaṃ), it is said, just as “an evil (pāpako) reputation arises” (Dīgha Nikāya 3.316; Aṅguttara Nikāya 5.213). The phrase `paribhinnaṭṭhānehi kākadhaṅkādīhi` means being devoured by crows, vultures, and so forth, at the places where it is torn apart. “Oozing pus” (vissandamānaṃ pubbaṃ) means pus oozing, pus flowing here and there—this is the meaning. “Such is its nature” (tathābhāvaṃ) refers to the state of oozing pus.

သော ဘိက္ခူတိ ယော ‘‘ပဿေယျ သရီရံ သီဝထိကာယ ဆဍ္ဍိတ’’န္တိ ဝုတ္တော, သော ဘိက္ခု. ဥပသံဟရတိ သဒိသတံ. အယမ္ပိ ခေါတိအာဒိ ဥပသံဟရဏာကာရဒဿနံ. အာယူတိ ရူပဇီဝိတိန္ဒြိယံ. အရူပဇီဝိတိန္ဒြိယံ ပနေတ္ထ ဝိညာဏဂတိကမေဝ. ဥသ္မာတိ ကမ္မဇတေဇော. ဧဝံပူတိကသဘာဝေါတိ ဧဝံ အတိဝိယ ပူတိသဘာဝေါ အာယုအာဒိဝိဂမေ ဝိယာတိ အဓိပ္ပာယော. ဧဒိသော ဘဝိဿတီတိ ဧဝံဘာဝီတိ အာဟ ‘‘ဧဝမေဝံ ဥဒ္ဓုမာတာဒိဘေဒေါ ဘဝိဿတီ’’တိ.

“That monk” (so bhikkhu) refers to the monk who is spoken of as “he might see a corpse discarded in a charnel ground.” “He applies it to himself” (upasaṃharati) means he applies the similarity. “This body too…” (`Ayampi kho...`) and so forth, shows the method of application. “Life faculty” (āyu) refers to the material life faculty. The immaterial life faculty here is simply the course of consciousness. “Heat” (usmā) means the heat produced by kamma. “Of such a foul nature” (evaṃpūtikasabhāvo) means thus, an exceedingly foul state as if upon the cessation of life, and so forth—this is the intention. “It will be of such a kind” (ediso bhavissati) means it will be of such a nature; thus he says, “it will become thus, of the kind that is bloated, and so forth.”

လုဉ္စိတွာ လုဉ္စိတွာတိ ဥပ္ပာဋေတွာ ဥပ္ပာဋေတွာ. သေသာဝသေသမံသလောဟိတယုတ္တန္တိ သဗ္ဗသော အက္ခာဒိတတ္တာ တဟံ တဟံ သေသေန အပ္ပာဝသေသေန မံသလောဟိတေန ယုတ္တံ. အညေန ဟတ္ထဋ္ဌိကန္တိ အဝိသေသေန ဟတ္ထဋ္ဌိကာနံ ဝိပ္ပကိဏ္ဏတာ ဇောတိတာတိ အနဝသေသတော တေသံ ဝိပ္ပကိဏ္ဏတံ ဒဿေန္တော ‘‘စတုသဋ္ဌိဘေဒမ္ပီ’’တိအာဒိမာဟ. တေရောဝဿိကာနီတိ တိရောဝဿဂတာနိ. တာနိ ပန သံဝစ္ဆရံ ဝီတိဝတ္တာနိ ဟောန္တီတိ အာဟ ‘‘အတိက္ကန္တသံဝစ္ဆရာနီ’’တိ. ပုရာဏတာယ ဃနဘာဝဝိဂမေန ဝိစုဏ္ဏတာ ဣဓ ပူတိဘာဝေါ. သော ယထာ ဟောတိ, တံ ဒဿေန္တော ‘‘အဗ္ဘောကာသေ’’တိအာဒိမာဟ. အနေကဓာတူနန္တိ စက္ခုဓာတုအာဒီနံ, ကာမဓာတုအာဒီနံ ဝါ. သတိယာ စ ဉာဏဿ စ အတ္ထာယာတိ ‘‘အဘိက္ကန္တေ ပဋိက္ကန္တေ သမ္ပဇာနကာရီ ဟောတီ’’တိအာဒိနာ (ဒီ. နိ. ၁.၂၁၄; ၂.၃၇၆; မ. နိ. ၁.၁၀၉) ဝုတ္တာယ သတ္တဋ္ဌာနိကာယ သတိယာ စေဝ တံသမ္ပယုတ္တဉာဏဿ စ အတ္ထာယ.

“Plucking it again and again” (luñcitvā luñcitvā) means tearing it apart repeatedly. “With remnants of flesh and blood” (sesāvasesamaṃsalohitayuttaṃ) means that since it has not been entirely consumed, it is still connected here and there by small remnants of flesh and blood. “A hand-bone in one place” (aññena hatthaṭṭhikaṃ) refers to the indiscriminate scattering of hand bones, and so forth, showing their complete dispersal; and to show their complete dispersal, he says, “broken into sixty-four parts,” and so forth. “A year old” (terovassikāni) means having passed beyond a year. And because they have passed a year, he says, “having passed beyond a year” (atikkantasaṃvaccharāni). Here, “putrefaction” (pūtibhāvo) refers to being pulverized through the loss of solidity due to old age. To show how this happens, he says, “exposed to the open air,” and so forth. “Of many elements” (anekadhātūnaṃ) refers to the eye element and so forth, or the sense-sphere element and so forth. “For the sake of mindfulness and wisdom” (satiyā ca ñāṇassa ca atthāya) means for the purpose of the seven-based mindfulness and the wisdom associated with it, as stated in “one acts with clear comprehension when going forward or returning,” and so forth (Dīgha Nikāya 1.214; 2.376; Majjhima Nikāya 1.109).

ဥဒါယီသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Udāyī Sutta is concluded.

၁၀. အနုတ္တရိယသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

10. Commentary on the Anuttariya Sutta

၃၀. ဒသမေ [Pg.105] နိဟီနန္တိ လာမကံ, ကိလိဋ္ဌံ ဝါ. ဂါမဝါသိကာနန္တိ ဗာလာနံ. ပုထုဇ္ဇနာနံ ဣဒန္တိ ပေါထုဇ္ဇနိကံ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ပုထုဇ္ဇနာနံ သန္တက’’န္တိ, ပုထုဇ္ဇနေဟိ သေဝိတဗ္ဗတ္တာ တေသံ သန္တကန္တိ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ. အနရိယန္တိ န နိဒ္ဒေါသံ. နိဒ္ဒေါသဋ္ဌော ဟိ အရိယဋ္ဌော. တေနာဟ ‘‘န ဥတ္တမံ န ပရိသုဒ္ဓ’’န္တိ. အရိယေဟိ ဝါ န သေဝိတဗ္ဗန္တိ အနရိယံ. အနတ္ထသံဟိတန္တိ ဒိဋ္ဌဓမ္မိကသမ္ပရာယိကာဒိဝိဝိဓဝိပုလာနတ္ထသဟိတံ. တာဒိသဉ္စ အတ္ထသန္နိဿိတံ န ဟောတီတိ အာဟ ‘‘န အတ္ထသန္နိဿိတ’’န္တိ. န ဝဋ္ဋေ နိဗ္ဗိန္ဒနတ္ထာယာတိ စတုသစ္စကမ္မဋ္ဌာနာဘာဝတော. အသတိ ပန ဝဋ္ဋေ နိဗ္ဗိဒါယ ဝိရာဂါဒီနံ အသမ္ဘဝေါယေဝါတိ အာဟ ‘‘န ဝိရာဂါယာ’’တိအာဒိ.

30. In the tenth discourse, ‘inferior’ (nihīnaṃ) means base or defiled. ‘Of village dwellers’ (gāmavāsikānaṃ) means of the ignorant. ‘This is of ordinary people’ (puthujjanānaṃ idaṃ) means common to ordinary people (pothujjanikaṃ). Therefore, he says, ‘belonging to ordinary people’ (puthujjanānaṃ santakaṃ); because it is to be frequented by ordinary people, it is said to belong to them. ‘Not noble’ (anariyaṃ) means not faultless. For the meaning of ‘noble’ is the meaning of ‘faultless’. Therefore, he says, ‘not supreme, not pure.’ Or, because it is not frequented by the noble ones, it is not noble. ‘Not connected with benefit’ (anatthasaṃhitaṃ) means connected with various extensive disadvantages, such as those pertaining to the present life and future lives. And because it is not grounded in such benefit, he says, ‘not grounded in benefit’ (na atthasannissitaṃ). ‘Not for the purpose of disenchantment with the round of existence’ (na vaṭṭe nibbindanatthāya) means due to the absence of the meditation subject of the four truths. But in the absence of disenchantment with the round of existence, dispassion and so forth are impossible; hence he says, ‘not for dispassion’ (na virāgāya), and so forth.

အနုတ္တမံ အနုတ္တရိယန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘ဧတံ အနုတ္တရ’’န္တိ. ဟတ္ထိသ္မိန္တိ နိမိတ္တတ္ထေ ဘုမ္မန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘ဟတ္ထိနိမိတ္တံ သိက္ခိတဗ္ဗ’’န္တိ. ဟတ္ထိဝိသယတ္တာ ဟတ္ထိသန္နိဿိတတ္တာ စ ဟတ္ထိသိပ္ပံ ‘‘ဟတ္ထီ’’တိ ဂဟေတွာ ‘‘ဟတ္ထိသ္မိမ္ပိ သိက္ခတီ’’တိ ဝုတ္တံ. တသ္မာ ဟတ္ထိသိပ္ပေ သိက္ခတီတိ ဧဝမေတ္ထ အတ္ထော ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗော. သေသပဒေသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော.

‘Supreme, unsurpassed’ (anuttamaṃ anuttariyaṃ)—therefore he says, ‘this is unsurpassed’ (etaṃ anuttaraṃ). Regarding ‘on an elephant’ (hatthismiṃ), the locative case (bhummaṃ) is in the sense of an object (nimittatthe); therefore he says, ‘the subject of elephants is to be trained in’ (hatthinimittaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ). Because it is the domain of elephants and is based on elephants, the elephant craft (hatthisippaṃ) is taken as ‘elephant’ (hatthī), and thus it is said, ‘He trains in what pertains to the elephant’ (hatthismimpi sikkhatī). Therefore, the meaning here should be understood as: he trains in the elephant craft. The same method applies to the remaining terms.

လိင်္ဂဗျတ္တယေန ဝိဘတ္တိဗျတ္တယေန ပါရိစရိယေတိ ဝုတ္တန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘ပါရိစရိယာယ ပစ္စုပဋ္ဌိတာ’’တိ. သေသမေတ္ထ သုဝိညေယျမေဝ.

Because it is stated as ‘pāricariyā’ with a change of gender and a change of case inflection, he says, ‘attended with service’ (pāricariyāya paccupaṭṭhitā). The rest here is easily understood.

အနုတ္တရိယသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Anuttariya Sutta is concluded.

အနုတ္တရိယဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Anuttariya Vagga is concluded.

၄. ဒေဝတာဝဂ္ဂေါ

4. The Chapter on Deities

၁-၄. သေခသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

1–4. Commentary on the Sekha Sutta and Others

၃၁-၃၄. စတုတ္ထဿ ပဌမေ သေခါနံ ပဋိလဒ္ဓဂုဏဿ ပရိဟာနိ နာမ နတ္ထီတိ အာဟ ‘‘ဥပရူပရိဂုဏပရိဟာနာယာ’’တိ, ဥပရူပရိလဒ္ဓဗ္ဗာနံ မဂ္ဂဖလာနံ ပရိဟာနာယ အနုပ္ပာဒါယာတိ အတ္ထော. တတိယာဒီနိ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထာနေဝ.

31–34. In the first of the fourth discourse, he says there is no such thing as decline of a quality attained by trainees; hence it is said, ‘for the decline of higher and higher qualities’ (uparūpariguṇaparihānāya). The meaning is: for the decline, that is, the non-arising, of the paths and fruits that are to be attained higher and higher. The third and following discourses are of clear meaning.

သေခသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Sekha Sutta and Others is concluded.

၅. ဝိဇ္ဇာဘာဂိယသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

5. Commentary on the Vijjābhāgiya Sutta

၃၅. ပဉ္စမေ [Pg.106] သမ္ပယောဂဝသေန ဝိဇ္ဇံ ဘဇန္တိ, သဟဇာတအညမညနိဿယသမ္ပယုတ္တအတ္ထိအဝိဂတာဒိပစ္စယဝသေန တာယ သဟ ဧကီဘာဝံ ဂစ္ဆန္တီတိ ဝိဇ္ဇာဘာဂိယာ. အထ ဝါ ဝိဇ္ဇာဘာဂေ ဝိဇ္ဇာကောဋ္ဌာသေ ဝတ္တန္တိ ဝိဇ္ဇာသဘာဂတာယ တဒေကဒေသေ ဝိဇ္ဇာကောဋ္ဌာသေ ပဝတ္တန္တီတိ ဝိဇ္ဇာဘာဂိယာ. တတ္ထ ဝိပဿနာဉာဏံ, မနောမယိဒ္ဓိ, ဆ အဘိညာတိ အဋ္ဌ ဝိဇ္ဇာ. ပုရိမေန အတ္ထေန တာဟိ သမ္ပယုတ္တဓမ္မာ ဝိဇ္ဇာဘာဂိယာ. ပစ္ဆိမေန အတ္ထေန တာသု ယာ ကာစိ ဧကာဝ ဝိဇ္ဇာ ဝိဇ္ဇာ, သေသာ ဝိဇ္ဇာဘာဂိယာ. ဧဝံ ဝိဇ္ဇာပိ ဝိဇ္ဇာယ သမ္ပယုတ္တဓမ္မာပိ ‘‘ဝိဇ္ဇာဘာဂိယာ’’တွေဝ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ. ဣဓ ပန ဝိပဿနာဉာဏသမ္ပယုတ္တာ သညာဝ ဝိဇ္ဇာဘာဂိယာတိ အာဂတာ, သညာသီသေန သေသသမ္ပယုတ္တဓမ္မာပိ ဝုတ္တာ ဧဝါတိ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗံ. အနိစ္စာနုပဿနာဉာဏေတိ အနိစ္စာနုပဿနာဉာဏေ နိဿယပစ္စယဘူတေ ဥပ္ပန္နသညာ, တေန သဟဂတာတိ အတ္ထော. သေသေသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော.

35. In the fifth discourse, because they partake of wisdom (vijjaṃ) by way of association (sampayogavasena), becoming one with it through conditions such as co-nascence, mutual dependence, support, association, presence, and non-disappearance, they are ‘sharers in wisdom’ (vijjābhāgiyā). Or alternatively, they abide in the share of wisdom, in the portion of wisdom; because they share the nature of wisdom, they proceed in a part of it, in the portion of wisdom; thus they are ‘sharers in wisdom’. Herein, there are eight kinds of wisdom: insight knowledge, mind-made power, and the six higher knowledges. According to the first meaning, the states associated with these are ‘sharers in wisdom’. According to the latter meaning, any single one of these is wisdom, and the rest are ‘sharers in wisdom’. Thus, both wisdom itself and the states associated with wisdom should be understood as ‘sharers in wisdom’. Here, however, only the perception associated with insight knowledge is given as a ‘sharer in wisdom’, but it should be understood that by mentioning perception as the chief, the remaining associated states are also stated. ‘In the knowledge of the contemplation of impermanence’ (aniccānupassanāñāṇe) means the perception that has arisen with the knowledge of the contemplation of impermanence as its support condition, and is co-nascent with it. The same method applies in the remaining cases.

ဝိဇ္ဇာဘာဂိယသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Vijjābhāgiya Sutta is concluded.

၆. ဝိဝါဒမူလသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

6. Commentary on the Discourse on the Root of Disputes

၃၆. ဆဋ္ဌေ ကောဓနောတိ ကုဇ္ဈနသီလော. ယသ္မာ သော အပ္ပဟီနကောဓတာယ အဓိဂတကောဓော နာမ ဟောတိ, တသ္မာ ‘‘ကောဓေန သမန္နာဂတော’’တိ အာဟ. ဥပနာဟော ဧတဿ အတ္ထီတိ ဥပနာဟီ, ဥပနယှနသီလောတိ ဝါ ဥပနာဟီ. ဝိဝါဒေါ နာမ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇမာနော ယေဘုယျေန ပဌမံ ဒွိန္နံ ဝသေန ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတီတိ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘ဒွိန္နံ ဘိက္ခူနံ ဝိဝါဒေါ’’တိ. သော ပန ယထာ ဗဟူနံ အနတ္ထာဝဟော ဟောတိ, တံ နိဒဿနမုခေန နိဒဿေန္တော ‘‘ကထ’’န္တိအာဒိမာဟ. အဗ္ဘန္တရပရိသာယာတိ ပရိသဗ္ဘန္တရေ.

36. In the sixth discourse, ‘an angry person’ (kodhano) means one who is habitually angry. Because, not having abandoned anger, one is said to be overcome by anger, he says, ‘endowed with anger’ (kodhena samannāgato). ‘One who bears a grudge’ (upanāhī) is one for whom there is a grudge, or one who is habitually resentful. A dispute, when it arises, generally arises first between two people, thus it is said, ‘a dispute between two monks’ (dvinnaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vivādo). But to show how it brings harm to many, he speaks beginning with ‘how?’, and so forth. ‘Within the assembly’ (abbhantaraparisāya) means inside the assembly.

ဂုဏမက္ခနာယ ပဝတ္တောပိ အတ္တနော ကာရကံ ဂူထေန ပဟရန္တိံ ဂူထော ဝိယ ပဌမတရံ မက္ခေတီတိ မက္ခော, သော ဧတဿ အတ္ထီတိ မက္ခီ. ပဠာသတီတိ ပဠာသော, ပရဿ ဂုဏေ ဍံသိတွာ ဝိယ အပနေတီတိ အတ္ထော. သော ဧတဿ အတ္ထီတိ ပဠာသီ. ပဠာသီ ပုဂ္ဂလော ဟိ ဒုတိယဿ ဓုရံ န ဒေတိ, သမံ ဟရိတွာ အတိဝဒတိ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ယုဂဂ္ဂါဟလက္ခဏေန ပဠာသေန သမန္နာဂတော’’တိ. ဣဿတီတိ ဣဿုကီ. မစ္ဆရာယတီတိ မစ္ဆရံ, တံ ဧတဿ အတ္ထီတိ [Pg.107] မစ္ဆရီ. သဌယတိ န သမ္မာ ဘာသတီတိ သဌော အညထာ သန္တံ အတ္တာနံ အညထာ ပဝေဒနတော. မာယာ ဧတဿ အတ္ထီ မာယာဝီ. မိစ္ဆာ ပါပိကာ ဝိညုဂရဟိတာ ဧတဿ ဒိဋ္ဌီတိ မိစ္ဆာဒိဋ္ဌိ, ကမ္မပထပရိယာပန္နာယ ‘‘နတ္ထိ ဒိန္န’’န္တိအာဒိဝတ္ထုကာယ မိစ္ဆတ္တပရိယာပန္နာယ အနိယျာနိကာယ ဒိဋ္ဌိယာ သမန္နာဂတောတိ အတ္ထော. တေနာဟ ‘‘နတ္ထိကဝါဒီ’’တိအာဒိ.

Because, though it proceeds to denigrate another’s virtue, it first smears its own agent, like dung smears one who strikes with dung, it is called ‘disparagement’ (makkho). One who has this is ‘disparaging’ (makkhī). ‘He is competitive’ (paḷāsati), thus it is ‘rivalry’ (paḷāso); the meaning is that one takes away another’s virtues as if by biting them. One who has this is ‘rivalrous’ (paḷāsī). A rivalrous person does not yield the foremost place to another; though carrying an equal load, he speaks down to him. Hence he says, ‘endowed with rivalry characterized by seizing the yoke-end’ (yugaggāhalakkhaṇena paḷāsena). ‘He is jealous’ (issatīti), thus he is ‘envious’ (issukī). ‘He is avaricious’ (maccharāyati), thus it is ‘stinginess’ (maccharaṃ); one who has this is ‘stingy’ (maccharī). ‘He deceives, he does not speak correctly’ (saṭhayati na sammā bhāsati), thus he is ‘deceitful’ (saṭho), because he presents himself as other than he is. One who has ‘deceit’ (māyā) is ‘deceitful’ (māyāvī). His view is wrong, evil, and censured by the wise, thus he is of ‘wrong view’ (micchādiṭṭhi); the meaning is that he is endowed with a view that is included in the course of action, comprised in wrongness, and does not lead to liberation, based on such tenets as ‘there is nothing given,’ and so forth. Hence he says, ‘one who is a nihilist’ (natthikavādī), and so forth.

သံ အတ္တနော ဒိဋ္ဌိံ, သယံ ဝါ အတ္တနာ ယထာဂဟိတံ ပရာမသတိ, သဘာဝံ အတိက္ကမိတွာ ပရတော အာမသတီတိ သန္ဒိဋ္ဌီပရာမာသီ. အာဓာနံ ဒဠှံ ဂဏှာတီတိ အာဓာနဂ္ဂါဟီ, ဒဠှဂ္ဂါဟီ, ‘‘ဣဒမေဝ သစ္စ’’န္တိ ထိရဂ္ဂါဟီတိ အတ္ထော. ယုတ္တံ ကာရဏံ ဒိသွာဝ လဒ္ဓိံ ပဋိနိဿဇ္ဇတီတိ ပဋိနိဿဂ္ဂီ, ဒုက္ခေန ကိစ္ဆေန ကသိရေန ဗဟုမ္ပိ ကာရဏံ ဒဿေတွာ န သက္ကာ ပဋိနိဿဂ္ဂံ ကာတုန္တိ ဒုပ္ပဋိနိဿဂ္ဂီ. ယော အတ္တနော ဥပ္ပန္နဒိဋ္ဌိံ ‘‘ဣဒမေဝ သစ္စ’’န္တိ ဒဠှံ ဂဏှိတွာ အပိ ဗုဒ္ဓါဒီဟိ ကာရဏံ ဒဿေတွာ ဝုစ္စမာနော န ပဋိနိဿဇ္ဇတိ. တဿေတံ အဓိဝစနံ. တာဒိသော ဟိ ပုဂ္ဂလော ယံ ယဒေဝ ဓမ္မံ ဝါ အဓမ္မံ ဝါ သုဏာတိ, တံ သဗ္ဗံ ‘‘ဧဝံ အမှာကံ အာစရိယေဟိ ကထိတံ, ဧဝံ အမှေဟိ သုတ’’န္တိ ကုမ္မောဝ အင်္ဂါနိ သကေ ကပါလေ အန္တောယေဝ သမောဒဟတိ. ယထာ ဟိ ကစ္ဆပေါ အတ္တနော ဟတ္ထပါဒါဒိကေ အင်္ဂေ ကေနစိ ဃဋိတေ သဗ္ဗာနိ အင်္ဂါနိ အတ္တနော ကပါလေယေဝ သမောဒဟတိ, န ဗဟိ နီဟရတိ, ဧဝမယမ္ပိ ‘‘န သုန္ဒရော တဝ ဂါဟော, ဆဍ္ဍေဟိ န’’န္တိ ဝုတ္တော တံ န ဝိဿဇ္ဇတိ, အန္တောယေဝ အတ္တနော ဟဒယေ ဧဝ ဌပေတွာ ဝိစရတိ, ကုမ္ဘီလဂ္ဂါဟံ ဂဏှာတိ. ယထာ သုသုမာရာ ဂဟိတံ န ပဋိနိဿဇ္ဇန္တိ, ဧဝံ ဂဏှာတိ.

He clings to his own view, or he grasps what he has taken up by himself; having gone beyond its true nature, he clings to it from another's standpoint—thus he is one who clings to his own view. He firmly holds onto his adherence—this is the meaning of being an adherent, holding firmly, thinking, 'This alone is the truth,' holding steadfastly. One who, upon seeing a valid reason, abandons his belief is called one who lets go. But one who, even after much difficulty, effort, and hardship, even after being shown many reasons, cannot abandon his belief is called one who is hard to relinquish. Whoever firmly grasps his own arisen view, thinking, 'This alone is the truth,' and even when the Buddha or others present reasons and admonish him, does not relinquish it—this is his designation. Such a person, whatever teaching—whether Dhamma or not-Dhamma—he hears, he simply says, 'This is how our teachers have spoken, this is how we have heard it,' like a tortoise drawing its limbs into its own shell. Just as a tortoise, when its limbs or head are struck by something, draws all its limbs into its own shell and does not extend them outward, so too does this person, when told, 'Your grasp is not good, release it,' refuse to release it. Instead, he keeps it locked in his heart and wanders about, seizing it with a crocodile's grip. Just as crocodiles do not release what they have seized, so does he hold on.

ဝိဝါဒမူလသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Discourse on the Root of Disputes is concluded.

၇. ဆဠင်္ဂဒါနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

7. Commentary on the Discourse on the Six-Limbed Gift

၃၇. သတ္တမေ ဒက္ခန္တိ ဝဍ္ဎန္တိ ဧတာယာတိ ဒက္ခိဏာ, ပရိစ္စာဂမယံ ပုညံ, တဿူပကရဏဘူတော ဒေယျဓမ္မော စ. ဣဓ ပန ဒေယျဓမ္မော အဓိပ္ပေတော. တေနေဝါဟ ‘‘ဒက္ခိဏံ ပတိဋ္ဌာပေတီ’’တိ. ဣတော ဥဋ္ဌိတေနာတိ ဣတော ခေတ္တတော ဥပ္ပန္နေန. ရာဂေါ ဝိနယတိ ဧတေနာတိ ရာဂဝိနယော, ရာဂဿ သမုစ္ဆေဒိကာ ပဋိပဒါ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ရာဂဝိနယပဋိပဒံ ပဋိပန္နာ’’တိ.

37. In the seventh, they see and grow by means of this; therefore it is called 'dakkhiṇā,' an offering. The merit consists of relinquishment, and the gift is the supporting factor for that. Here, however, the gift is intended. Therefore, he said, 'He establishes an offering.' 'Arising from this' means arising from this field. Lust is disciplined by this; therefore it is called 'rāgavinayo,' the disciplining of lust—the practice that eradicates lust. Therefore, he said, 'They have undertaken the practice for the disciplining of lust.'

‘‘ပုဗ္ဗေဝ ဒါနာ သုမနော’’တိအာဒိဂါထာယ ပုဗ္ဗေဝ ဒါနာ မုဉ္စစေတနာယ ပုဗ္ဗေ ဒါနူပကရဏသမ္ဘရဏတော ပဋ္ဌာယ သုမနော ‘‘သမ္ပတ္တီနံ နိဒါနံ အနုဂါမိကဒါနံ [Pg.108] ဒဿာမီ’’တိ သောမနဿိတော ဘဝေယျ. ဒဒံ စိတ္တံ ပသာဒယေတိ ဒဒန္တော ဒေယျဓမ္မံ ဒက္ခိဏေယျဟတ္ထေ ပတိဋ္ဌာပေန္တော ‘‘အသာရတော ဓနတော သာရာဒါနံ ကရောမီ’’တိ အတ္တနော စိတ္တံ ပသာဒေယျ. ဒတွာ အတ္တမနော ဟောတီတိ ဒက္ခိဏေယျာနံ ဒေယျဓမ္မံ ပရိစ္စဇိတွာ ‘‘ပဏ္ဍိတပညတ္တံ နာမ မယာ အနုဋ္ဌိတံ, အဟော သာဓု သုဋ္ဌူ’’တိ အတ္တမနော ပမုဒိတော ပီတိသောမနဿဇာတော ဟောတိ. ဧသာတိ ယာ အယံ ပုဗ္ဗစေတနာ မုဉ္စစေတနာ အပရစေတနာတိ ဣမာသံ ကမ္မဖလာနံ သဒ္ဓါနုဂတာနံ သောမနဿပရိဂ္ဂဟိတာနံ တိဝိဓာနံ စေတနာနံ ပါရိပူရီ, ဧသာ.

By the verse beginning, 'Even before giving, one is joyful,' before giving, from the very preparation of the gift with the intention to give, one should be joyful, thinking, 'I will give this gift, which is the cause of prosperity and follows the giver,' and thus become gladdened. While giving, one gladdens the mind—as one places the gift in the hands of the worthy recipient, one thinks, 'I am taking the essence from essenceless wealth,' and thus gladdens one's own mind. Having given, one is delighted—after relinquishing the gift to the worthy recipients, one thinks, 'I have done what is commended by the wise—how good, how well!' and becomes delighted, joyful, and filled with rapture and gladness. This is the fulfillment of these three kinds of intentions—the intention before giving, the intention during giving, and the intention after giving—which are accompanied by faith, embraced by joy, and result in kamma.

သီလသညမေနာတိ ကာယိကဝါစသိကသံဝရေန. ဟတ္ထပါဒေတိ ဒက္ခိဏေယျာနံ ဟတ္ထပါဒေ. မုခံ ဝိက္ခာလေတွာတိ တေသံယေဝ မုခံ ဝိက္ခာလေတွာ, အတ္တနာဝ မုခေါဒကံ ဒတွာတိ အဓိပ္ပာယော.

By restraint of moral conduct—this refers to bodily and verbal restraint. Hands and feet—this refers to the hands and feet of those worthy of offerings. Having washed the face—this means having washed their faces; the meaning is that one offers them water for the face oneself.

ဆဠင်္ဂဒါနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Chaḷaṅgadāna Sutta is concluded.

၈-၁၁. အတ္တကာရီသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

8-11. Commentary on the Attakārī Sutta and others

၃၈-၄၁. အဋ္ဌမေ ကုသလကိရိယာယ အာဒိအာရမ္ဘဘာဝေန ပဝတ္တဝီရိယံ ဌိတသဘာဝတာယ သဘာဝဓာရဏဋ္ဌေန ဓာတူတိ ဝုတ္တန္တိ အာဟ – ‘‘အာရမ္ဘဓာတူတိ အာရဘနဝသေန ပဝတ္တဝီရိယ’’န္တိ. လဒ္ဓါသေဝနံ ဝီရိယံ ဗလပ္ပတ္တံ ဟုတွာ ပဋိပက္ခေ ဝိဓမတီတိ အာဟ ‘‘နိက္ကမဓာတူတိ ကောသဇ္ဇတော နိက္ခမနသဘာဝံ ဝီရိယ’’န္တိ. ပရက္ကမနသဘာဝေါတိ အဓိမတ္တတရာနံ ပဋိပက္ခဓမ္မာနံ ဝိဓမနသမတ္ထတာယ ပဋုပဋုတရဘာဝေန ပရံ ပရံ ဌာနံ အက္ကမနသဘာဝေါ. နဝမာဒီသု နတ္ထိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗံ.

38-41. In the eighth, it is said that the energy that arises as the initial commencement in performing wholesome deeds is called a 'dhātu' because of its steadfast nature, in the sense of maintaining its inherent quality. He says: 'The element of initiative is the energy that arises by way of commencement.' He also says that the energy that has been cultivated, having attained strength, dispels the opposing factors: 'The element of exertion is the energy whose nature is to depart from sloth.' Its nature of striving is the nature of overcoming one position after another with ever greater skill, due to its capability of dispelling even more intense opposing states. In the ninth and so on, there is nothing to be said.

အတ္တကာရီသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Attakārī Sutta and others is concluded.

၁၂. နာဂိတသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

12. Commentary on the Nāgita Sutta

၄၂. ဒွါဒသမေ မာဟံ နာဂိတ ယသေန သမာဂမန္တိ မာ အဟံ ယသေန သမာဂမနံ ပတ္ထေမိ. မာ စ မယာ ယသောတိ ယသော စ မယာ မာ သမာဂစ္ဆတူတိ [Pg.109] အတ္ထော. ဣမိနာ အတ္တနော လာဘသက္ကာရေန အနတ္ထိကတံ ဝိဘာဝေတိ. ပဉ္စဟိ ဝိမုတ္တီဟီတိ တဒင်္ဂဝိမုတ္တိအာဒီဟိ ပဉ္စဟိ ဝိမုတ္တီဟိ. သေသမေတ္ထ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

42. In the twelfth, the phrase 'May I not meet with fame, Nāgita' means 'I do not long for association with fame.' And 'May fame not come to me' means 'fame should not come together with me.' By this, he reveals his lack of desire for gain and honor. 'By the five kinds of liberations' means by the five kinds of liberations such as liberation by substitution of opposites, etc. The rest here is self-evident.

နာဂိတသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Nāgita Sutta is concluded.

ဒေဝတာဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Devatā Vagga is concluded.

၅. ဓမ္မိကဝဂ္ဂေါ

5. The Chapter on the Righteous

၁. နာဂသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

1. Commentary on the Nāga Sutta

၄၃. ပဉ္စမဿ ပဌမေ ပရိသိဉ္စိတုန္တိ (မ. နိ. အဋ္ဌ. ၁.၂၇၂) ယော စုဏ္ဏမတ္တိကာဒီဟိ ဂတ္တာနိ ဥဗ္ဗဋ္ဋေန္တော မလ္လကမုဋ္ဌာဒီဟိ ဝါ ဃံသန္တော နဟာယတိ, သော ‘‘နဟာယတီ’’တိ ဝုစ္စတိ. ယော တထာ အကတွာ ပကတိယာဝ နဟာယတိ, သော ‘‘ပရိသိဉ္စတီ’’တိ ဝုစ္စတိ. ဘဂဝတော စ သရီရေ တထာ ဟရိတဗ္ဗံ ရဇောဇလ္လံ နာမ နုပလိမ္ပတိ အစ္ဆဆဝိဘာဝတော, ဥတုဂ္ဂဟဏတ္ထံ ပန ဘဂဝါ ကေဝလံ ဥဒကေ ဩတရတိ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဂတ္တာနိ ပရိသိဉ္စိတု’’န္တိ.

43. In the first section of the fifth, regarding 'to sprinkle': one who bathes by rubbing the limbs with powder, clay, and so on, or scrubbing with a wrestler’s fist and the like, is said to 'bathe.' One who, without doing so, bathes in the ordinary way is said to 'sprinkle.' However, dust and impurities that would need to be removed in such a way do not cling to the Blessed One’s body because of its clear-skinned radiance. The Blessed One enters the water solely for the purpose of regulating his temperature. Hence, it is said, 'to sprinkle the limbs.'

ပုဗ္ဗကောဋ္ဌကောတိ ပါစီနကောဋ္ဌကော. သာဝတ္ထိယံ ကိရ ဇေတဝနဝိဟာရော ကဒါစိ မဟာ, ကဒါစိ ခုဒ္ဒကော. တထာ ဟိ သော ဝိပဿိဿ ဘဂဝတော ကာလေ ယောဇနိကော အဟောသိ, သိခိဿ တိဂါဝုတော, ဝေဿဘုဿ အဍ္ဎယောဇနိကော, ကကုသန္ဓဿ ဂါဝုတပ္ပမာဏော, ကောဏာဂမနဿ အဍ္ဎဂါဝုတပ္ပမာဏော, ကဿပဿ ဝီသတိဥသဘပ္ပမာဏော, အမှာကံ ဘဂဝတော ကာလေ အဋ္ဌကရီသပ္ပမာဏော ဇာတော. တမ္ပိ နဂရံ တဿ ဝိဟာရဿ ကဒါစိ ပါစီနတော ဟောတိ, ကဒါစိ ဒက္ခိဏတော, ကဒါစိ ပစ္ဆိမတော, ကဒါစိ ဥတ္တရတော. ဇေတဝနဂန္ဓကုဋိယံ ပန စတုန္နံ မဉ္စပါဒါနံ ပတိဋ္ဌိတဋ္ဌာနံ အစလမေဝ. စတ္တာရိ ဟိ အစလစေတိယဋ္ဌာနာနိ နာမ မဟာဗောဓိပလ္လင်္ကဋ္ဌာနံ, ဣသိပတနေ ဓမ္မစက္ကပ္ပဝတ္တနဋ္ဌာနံ, သင်္ကဿနဂရေ ဒေဝေါရောဟနကာလေ သောပါနဿ ပတိဋ္ဌာနဋ္ဌာနံ, မဉ္စပါဒဋ္ဌာနန္တိ. အယံ ပန ပုဗ္ဗကောဋ္ဌကော ကဿပဒသဗလဿ ဝီသတိဥသဘဝိဟာရကာလေ ပါစီနဒွါရကောဋ္ဌကော အဟောသိ. သော ဣဒါနိ ‘‘ပုဗ္ဗကောဋ္ဌကော’’တွေဝ ပညာယတိ.

`Pubbakoṭṭhako` means the eastern gate-tower. In Sāvatthī, it is said, the Jetavana monastery was sometimes large and sometimes small. For instance, during the time of the Buddha Vipassī, it was a league in size; for Sikhī, three gāvutas; for Vessabhū, half a league; for Kakusandha, a gāvuta in extent; for Koṇāgamana, half a gāvuta in extent; for Kassapa, twenty usabhas; and in our Blessed One’s time, it was eight karīsas. Moreover, that city was sometimes to the east, sometimes to the south, sometimes to the west, and sometimes to the north of that monastery. However, the spot in the Gandhakuṭī at Jetavana where the four legs of the couch were placed is indeed immovable. There are four immovable shrine sites: the site of the great Bodhi throne, the site of the Turning of the Wheel of the Dhamma at Isipatana, the place where the stairs were established at the time of the descent from the deva world in Saṅkassanagara, and the site of the couch legs. This eastern gate-tower was the eastern gate-tower during the time of the twenty-usabha monastery of Kassapa, the one of Ten Powers. Now it is simply known as the 'eastern gate-tower'.

ကဿပဒသဗလဿ [Pg.110] ကာလေ အစိရဝတီ နဂရံ ပရိက္ခိပိတွာ သန္ဒမာနာ ပုဗ္ဗကောဋ္ဌကံ ပတွာ ဥဒကေန ဘိန္ဒိတွာ မဟန္တံ ဥဒကရဟဒံ မာပေသိ သမတိတ္တိကံ အနုပုဗ္ဗဂမ္ဘီရံ. တတ္ထ ဧကံ ရညော နှာနတိတ္ထံ, ဧကံ နာဂရာနံ, ဧကံ ဘိက္ခုသံဃဿ, ဧကံ ဗုဒ္ဓါနန္တိ ဧဝံ ပါဋိဧက္ကာနိ နှာနတိတ္ထာနိ ဟောန္တိ ရမဏီယာနိဝိပ္ပကိဏ္ဏရဇတပဋ္ဋသဒိသဝါလုကာနိ. ဣတိ ဘဂဝတာ အာယသ္မတာ အာနန္ဒေန သဒ္ဓိံ ယေန အယံ ဧဝရူပေါ ပုဗ္ဗကောဋ္ဌကော, တေနုပသင်္ကမိ ဂတ္တာနိ ပရိသိဉ္စိတုံ. အထာယသ္မာ အာနန္ဒော ဥဒကသာဋိကံ ဥပနာမေသိ. ဘဂဝါ သုရတ္တဒုပဋ္ဋံ အပနေတွာ ဥဒကသာဋိကံ နိဝါသေသိ. ထေရော ဒုပဋ္ဋေန သဒ္ဓိံ မဟာစီဝရံ အတ္တနော ဟတ္ထဂတံ အကာသိ. ဘဂဝါ ဥဒကံ ဩတရိ, သဟောတရဏေနေဝဿ ဥဒကေ မစ္ဆကစ္ဆပါ သဗ္ဗေ သုဝဏ္ဏဝဏ္ဏာ အဟေသုံ, ယန္တနာဠိကာဟိ သုဝဏ္ဏရသဓာရာနိ သိဉ္စနကာလော ဝိယ သုဝဏ္ဏပဋပ္ပသာရဏကာလော ဝိယ စ အဟောသိ. အထ ဘဂဝတော နဟာနဝတ္တံ ဒဿေတွာ ပစ္စုတ္တိဏ္ဏဿ ထေရော သုရတ္တဒုပဋ္ဋံ ဥပနာမေသိ. ဘဂဝါ တံ နိဝါသေတွာ ဝိဇ္ဇုလ္လတာသဒိသံ ကာယဗန္ဓနံ ဗန္ဓိတွာ မဟာစီဝရံ အန္တန္တေန သံဟရိတွာ ပဒုမဂဗ္ဘသဒိသံ ကတွာ ဥပနီတံ ဒွီသု ကဏ္ဏေသု ဂဟေတွာ အဋ္ဌာသိ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘ပုဗ္ဗကောဋ္ဌကေ ဂတ္တာနိ ပရိသိဉ္စိတွာ ဧကစီဝရော အဋ္ဌာသီ’’တိ.

At the time of Kassapa the Ten-Powered One, the Aciravati River, flowing around the city, surged towards the eastern gate-tower. Breaking through with its waters, it formed a vast lake, level-brimmed and gradually deepening. There, one bathing place was for the king, one for the city-dwellers, one for the community of monks, and one for the Buddhas—thus, the bathing places were separately designated, delightful, with sand resembling scattered silver plates. Then the Blessed One, accompanied by the Venerable Ānanda, approached this eastern gate-tower to bathe his limbs. The Venerable Ānanda offered a bathing cloth. The Blessed One removed his well-dyed upper robe and put on the bathing cloth. The elder took the great robe, together with the upper robe, into his own hands. The Blessed One entered the water, and with his entry, all the fish and turtles in the water turned golden in color. It was as if golden streams were pouring from mechanical pipes, or as if golden cloths were being unfurled. When the Blessed One had emerged, having completed the custom of bathing, the elder offered him the well-dyed upper robe. The Blessed One put it on, fastened his body-band like a flash of lightning, gathered the great robe at its edges, made it like the calyx of a lotus, and held it by the two corners as he stood. Thus it is said: 'Having bathed his limbs at the eastern gate-tower, he stood clad in a single robe.'

ဧဝံ ဌိတဿ ပန ဘဂဝတော သရီရံ ဝိကသိတပဒုမပုပ္ဖသဒိသံ သဗ္ဗပါလိဖုလ္လံ ပါရိစ္ဆတ္တကံ, တာရာမရီစိဝိကသိတဉ္စ ဂဂနတလံ သိရိယာ အဝဟသမာနံ ဝိယ ဝိရောစိတ္ထ, ဗျာမပ္ပဘာပရိက္ခေပဝိလာသိနီ စဿ ဒွတ္တိံသဝရလက္ခဏမာလာ ဂန္ထိတွာ ဌပိတာ ဒွတ္တိံသ စန္ဒိမာ ဝိယ, ဒွတ္တိံသ သူရိယာ ဝိယ, ပဋိပါဋိယာ ဌပိတဒွတ္တိံသစက္ကဝတ္တိဒွတ္တိံသဒေဝရာဇဒွတ္တိံသမဟာဗြဟ္မာနော ဝိယ စ အတိဝိယ ဝိရောစိတ္ထ. ယသ္မာ စ ဘဂဝတော သရီရံ သုဓန္တစာမီကရသမာနဝဏ္ဏံ, သုပရိသောဓိတပဝါဠရုစိရတောရဏံ, သုဝိသုဒ္ဓနီလရတနာဝလိသဒိသကေသတနုရုဟံ, တသ္မာ တဟံ တဟံ ဝိနိဂ္ဂတသုဇာတဇာတိဟိင်္ဂုလကရသူပသောဘိတံ ဥပရိ သတမေဃရတနာဝလိသုစ္ဆာဒိတံ ဇင်္ဂမမိဝ ကနကဂိရိသိခရံ ဝိရောစိတ္ထ. တသ္မိဉ္စ သမယေ ဒသဗလဿ သရီရတော နိက္ခမိတွာ ဆဗ္ဗဏ္ဏရသ္မိယော သမန္တတော အသီတိဟတ္ထပ္ပမာဏေ ပဒေသေ အာဓာဝန္တီ ဝိဓာဝန္တီ ရတနာဝလိရတနဒါမရတနစုဏ္ဏဝိပ္ပကိဏ္ဏံ ဝိယ ပသာရိတရတနစိတ္တကဉ္စနပဋ္ဋမိဝ အာသိဉ္စမာနလာခါရသဓာရာစိတ္တမိဝ ဥက္ကာသတနိပါတသမာကုလမိဝ နိရန္တရဝိပ္ပကိဏ္ဏကဏိကာရကိင်္ကိဏိကပုပ္ဖမိဝ ဝါယုဝေဂသမုဒ္ဓတစိနပိဋ္ဌစုဏ္ဏရဉ္ဇိတမိဝ [Pg.111] ဣန္ဒဓနုဝိဇ္ဇုလ္လတာဝိတာနသန္ထတမိဝ စ ဂဂနတလံ, တံ ဌာနံ ပဝနဉ္စ သမ္မာ ဖရန္တိ. ဝဏ္ဏဘူမိ နာမေသာ. ဧဝရူပေသု ဌာနေသု ဗုဒ္ဓါနံ သရီရဝဏ္ဏံ ဝါ ဂုဏဝဏ္ဏံ ဝါ စုဏ္ဏိယပဒေဟိ ဝါ ဂါထာဟိ ဝါ အတ္ထဉ္စ ဥပမာယော စ ကာရဏာနိ စ အာဟရိတွာ ပဋိဗလေန ဓမ္မကထိကေန ပူရေတွာ ကထေတုံ ဝဋ္ဋတိ. ဧဝရူပေသု ဟိ ဌာနေသု ဓမ္မကထိကဿ ထာမော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. ပုဗ္ဗသဒိသာနိ ကုရုမာနောတိ နိရုဒကာနိ ကုရုမာနော, သုက္ခာပယမာနောတိ အတ္ထော. သောဒကေ ဂတ္တေ စီဝရံ ပါရုပန္တဿ ဟိ စီဝရေ ကဏ္ဏိကာနိ ဥဋ္ဌဟန္တိ, ပရိက္ခာရဘဏ္ဍံ ဒုဿတိ, ဗုဒ္ဓါနံ ပန သရီရေ ရဇောဇလ္လံ န ဥပလိမ္ပတိ, ပဒုမပတ္တေ ဥက္ခိတ္တဥဒကဗိန္ဒု ဝိယ ဥဒကံ ဝိနိဝဋ္ဋေတွာ ဂစ္ဆတိ. ဧဝံ သန္တေပိ သိက္ခာဂါရဝတာယ ဘဂဝါ ‘‘ပဗ္ဗဇိတဝတ္တံ နာမေတ’’န္တိ မဟာစီဝရံ ဥဘောသု ကဏ္ဏေသု ဂဟေတွာ ပုရတော ကာယံ ပဋိစ္ဆာဒေတွာ အဋ္ဌာသိ.

The Blessed One’s body, standing thus, shone like a fully bloomed lotus flower, like the Pāricchattaka tree in full bloom. The sky, brightened by the rays of the stars, shone as if mocking its splendor. The garland of his thirty-two excellent marks, shining with a surrounding fathom-wide radiance, appeared as if thirty-two moons, thirty-two suns, or thirty-two universal monarchs, thirty-two kings of the devas, and thirty-two great Brahmās were arranged in succession, all glowing exceedingly. Because the Blessed One’s body was the color of refined gold, like a radiant gateway of well-polished coral, with hair and body-hair like a garland of perfectly pure blue gems, it shone like a moving golden mountain peak, adorned here and there with the finest vermilion powder and covered above by a hundred gem-garlands like clouds. At that moment, six-colored rays emanated from the body of the Ten-Powered One, spreading in all directions for eighty cubits. They raced and danced about, like scattered gem-garlands, gem-festoons, and gem-powder; like a spread-out golden cloth adorned with gems; like a painting with streams of poured lac dye; like a sky filled with falling meteors; like a continuous scattering of kaṇikāra flowers with little bells; like powdered cinnabar stirred up by the force of the wind; or like a canopy of rainbows and lightning-creepers spread across the sky—filling that place and the forest completely. This is called the 'ground of description.' In such places, a skilled Dhamma speaker should describe the beauty of the Buddha’s body or his virtues, whether in prose or verse, bringing forth meanings, similes, and reasons to fulfill the discourse. For in such places, the strength of a Dhamma speaker is to be known. ‘Making them like before’ means making them without water, that is, drying them. For if one drapes a robe on a moist body, creases will arise in the robe and the requisite will be spoiled. But dust and stains do not cling to the bodies of the Buddhas—like a drop of water on a lotus leaf, the water rolls off and goes away. Even so, out of respect for the training, the Blessed One, reflecting, 'This is the duty of one who has gone forth,' took the great robe by both corners, covered his body in front, and stood there.

တာဠိတဉ္စ ဝါဒိတဉ္စ တာဠိတဝါဒိတံ, တူရိယာနံ တာဠိတဝါဒိတံ တူရိယတာဠိတဝါဒိတံ. မဟန္တဉ္စ တံ တူရိယတာဠိတဝါဒိတဉ္စာတိ မဟာတူရိယတာဠိတဝါဒိတံ. တေနာဟ ‘‘မဟန္တေနာ’’တိအာဒိ. အထ ဝါ ဘေရိမုဒိင်္ဂပဏဝါဒိတူရိယာနံ တာဠိတံ ဝီဏာဝေဠုဂေါမုခိအာဒီနံ ဝါဒိတဉ္စ တူရိယတာဠိတဝါဒိတန္တိ ဝါ ဧဝမေတ္ထ အတ္ထော ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗော.

The beaten and the played is 'the beaten-and-played.' The beaten-and-played of musical instruments is 'the musical instruments' beaten-and-played.' And that great beaten-and-played of musical instruments is 'the great beaten-and-played of musical instruments.' Hence it is said, 'with great,' and so on. Alternatively, the beating of musical instruments such as kettledrums, tabors, and small drums, and the playing of lutes, flutes, cow-horn trumpets, and the like is 'the beaten-and-played of musical instruments.' Thus the meaning here should be understood.

အဘိညာပါရံ ဂတောတိ အဘိညာပါရဂူ. ဧဝံ သေသေသုပိ. သော ဟိ ဘဂဝါ သဗ္ဗဓမ္မေ အဘိဇာနန္တော ဂတောတိ အဘိညာပါရဂူ. တေသု ပဉ္စုပါဒါနက္ခန္ဓေ ပရိဇာနန္တော ဂတောတိ ပရိညာပါရဂူ. သဗ္ဗကိလေသေ ပဇဟန္တော ဂတောတိ ပဟာနပါရဂူ. စတ္တာရော မဂ္ဂေ ဘာဝေန္တော ဂတောတိ ဘာဝနာပါရဂူ. နိရောဓံ သစ္ဆိကရောန္တော ဂတောတိ သစ္ဆိကိရိယာပါရဂူ. သဗ္ဗသမာပတ္တိံ သမာပဇ္ဇန္တော ဂတောတိ သမာပတ္တိပါရဂူ. သုဗြဟ္မဒေဝပုတ္တာဒယောတိ ဧတ္ထ သော ကိရ ဒေဝပုတ္တော အစ္ဆရာသံဃပရိဝုတော နန္ဒနကီဠိတံ ကတွာ ပါရိစ္ဆတ္တကမူလေ ပညတ္တာသနေ နိသီဒိ. တံ ပဉ္စသတာ ပရိဝါရေတွာ နိသိန္နာ, ပဉ္စသတာ ရုက္ခံ အဘိရုဟိတွာ မဓုရဿရေန ဂါယိတွာ ပုပ္ဖာနိ ပါတေန္တိ. တာနိ ဂဟေတွာ ဣတရာ ဧကတောဝဏ္ဋိကမာလာဝ ဂန္ထေန္တိ. အထ ရုက္ခံ အဘိရုဠှာ ဥပစ္ဆေဒကဝသေန ဧကပ္ပဟာရေနေဝ ကာလံ ကတွာ အဝီစိမှိ နိဗ္ဗတ္တာ မဟာဒုက္ခံ အနုဘဝန္တိ. အထ ကာလေ ဂစ္ဆန္တေ ဒေဝပုတ္တော ‘‘ဣမာသံ နေဝ သဒ္ဒေါ သုယျတိ[Pg.112], န ပုပ္ဖာနိ ပါတေန္တိ, ကဟံ နု ခေါ ဂတာ’’တိ အာဝဇ္ဇေန္တော နိရယေ နိဗ္ဗတ္တဘာဝံ ဒိသွာ ပိယဝတ္ထုကသောကေန ရုပ္ပမာနော စိန္တေသိ – ‘‘ဧတာ တာဝ ယထာကမ္မေန ဂတာ, မယှံ အာယုသင်္ခါရော ကိတ္တကော’’တိ. သော ‘‘သတ္တမေ ဒိဝသေ မယာပိ အဝသေသာဟိ ပဉ္စသတာဟိ သဒ္ဓိံ ကာလံ ကတွာ တတ္ထေဝ နိဗ္ဗတ္တိတဗ္ဗ’’န္တိ ဒိသွာ ဗလဝတရေန သောကေန သမပ္ပိတော. ‘‘ဣမံ မယှံ သောကံ သဒေဝကေ လောကေ အညတြ တထာဂတာ နိဗ္ဗာပေတုံ သမတ္ထော နတ္ထီ’’တိ စိန္တေတွာ သတ္ထု သန္တိကံ ဂန္တွာ ဝန္ဒိတွာ ဧကမန္တံ ဌိတော –

'He has gone to the far shore of direct knowledge' means he is a 'far-shore-goer in direct knowledge' (abhiññāpāragū). The same applies to the rest. Indeed, the Blessed One, having gone by directly knowing all phenomena, is a far-shore-goer in direct knowledge. Having gone by fully understanding the five aggregates of clinging, he is a far-shore-goer in full understanding. Having gone by abandoning all defilements, he is a far-shore-goer in abandoning. Having gone by developing the four paths, he is a far-shore-goer in development. Having gone by realizing cessation, he is a far-shore-goer in realization. Having gone by attaining all meditative attainments, he is a far-shore-goer in attainment. Regarding 'Subrahma, the deva’s son, and others': here, it is said that this deva’s son, surrounded by a company of celestial nymphs, having enjoyed the sport of the Nandana Grove, sat down on a prepared seat at the foot of the Pāricchattaka tree. Five hundred nymphs sat surrounding him, while another five hundred climbed the tree, singing in sweet voices and scattering flowers. Gathering these, the others wove them into garlands from a single stalk. Then, those who had climbed the tree, by way of a life-interrupting kamma, died all at once and were reborn in Avīci, where they experienced great suffering. When some time had passed, the deva’s son, reflecting, 'Neither are their voices heard, nor do they scatter flowers—where can they have gone?' saw that they had been reborn in hell. Afflicted with grief for his beloved ones, he thought: 'They have gone according to their kamma. How long is my own life-span?' Seeing that 'On the seventh day, I too, along with the remaining five hundred, must die and be reborn right there,' he was overcome by even stronger sorrow. Thinking, 'In this world with its devas, no one apart from the Tathāgata is capable of extinguishing this sorrow of mine,' he went to the Teacher, paid homage, and stood to one side.

‘‘နိစ္စံ ဥတြသ္တမိဒံ စိတ္တံ, နိစ္စံ ဥဗ္ဗိဂ္ဂမိဒံ မနော;

အနုပ္ပန္နေသု ကိစ္ဆေသု, အထော ဥပ္ပတိတေသု စ;

သစေ အတ္ထိ အနုတြသ္တံ, တံ မေ အက္ခာဟိ ပုစ္ဆိတော’’တိ. (သံ. နိ. ၁.၉၈) –

'Ever terrified is this mind, ever agitated is this heart; concerning troubles not yet arisen, and also those that have arisen. If there is a state free from terror, that, being asked, please declare to me.'

ဣမံ ဂါထမဘာသိ. ဘဂဝါပိဿ –

He spoke this verse. And the Blessed One said to him:

‘‘နာညတြ ဗောဇ္ဈာ တပသာ, နာညတြိန္ဒြိယသံဝရာ;

နာညတြ သဗ္ဗနိဿဂ္ဂါ, သောတ္ထိံ ပဿာမိ ပါဏိန’’န္တိ. (သံ. နိ. ၁.၉၈) –

'Not otherwise than through awakening and austerity, not otherwise than through restraint of the faculties, not otherwise than through the relinquishment of all, do I see safety for living beings.'

ဓမ္မံ ဒေသေသိ. သော ဒေသနာပရိယောသာနေ ဝိဂတသောကော ပဉ္စဟိ အစ္ဆရာသတေဟိ သဒ္ဓိံ သောတာပတ္တိဖလေ ပတိဋ္ဌာယ ဘဂဝန္တံ နမဿမာနော အဋ္ဌာသိ. တံ သန္ဓာယေတံ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘ဒုက္ခပ္ပတ္တာ သုဗြဟ္မဒေဝပုတ္တာဒယော’’တိ. အာဒိ-သဒ္ဒေန စန္ဒသူရိယဒေဝပုတ္တာဒယော သင်္ဂဏှာတိ. စတူဟိ ကာရဏေဟီတိ အာရကတ္တာ, အရီနံ အရာနဉ္စ ဟတတ္တာ, ပစ္စယာဒီနံ အရဟတ္တာ, ပါပကရဏေ ရဟာဘာဝါတိ ဣမေဟိ စတူဟိ ကာရဏေဟိ.

He taught the Dhamma. At the end of the teaching, free from sorrow, he stood paying homage to the Blessed One, having been established in the fruit of stream-entry along with five hundred celestial nymphs. With reference to this, it was said: 'The Subrahma devaputtas and others who had experienced suffering.' By the word 'and others,' the Candasuriya devaputtas and others are included. By four reasons—due to being far (from defilements), due to the destruction of enemies and the spokes (of the wheel of existence), due to the worthiness of requisites, and due to the absence of secrecy in doing evil—by these four reasons.

ဒသဝိဓသံယောဇနာနီတိ ဩရမ္ဘာဂိယုဒ္ဓမ္ဘာဂိယဘေဒတော ဒသဝိဓသံယောဇနာနိ. သဗ္ဗေ အစ္စရုစီတိ သဗ္ဗသတ္တေ အတိက္ကမိတွာ ပဝတ္တရုစိ. အဋ္ဌမကန္တိ သောတာပတ္တိမဂ္ဂဋ္ဌံ သန္ဓာယ ဝဒတိ. သောတာပန္နောတိ ဖလဋ္ဌော ဂဟိတော.

The tenfold fetters—the tenfold fetters divided into lower fetters and higher fetters. 'All-surpassing delight' means delight arising having surpassed all beings. 'The eighth' refers to one established in the path of stream-entry. 'A stream-enterer' means one established in the fruit is taken.

သောရစ္စန္တိ ‘‘တတ္ထ ကတမံ သောရစ္စံ? ယော ကာယိကော အဝီတိက္ကမော, ဝါစသိကော အဝီတိက္ကမော, ကာယိကဝါစသိကော အဝီတိက္ကမော, ဣဒံ ဝုစ္စတိ သောရစ္စံ, သဗ္ဗာပိ သီလသံဝရော သောရစ္စ’’န္တိ (ဓ. သ. ၁၃၄၉) ဝစနတော သုစိသီလံ ‘‘သောရစ္စ’’န္တိ ဝုတ္တံ. ကရူဏာတိ ကရုဏာဗြဟ္မဝိဟာရမာဟ. ကရုဏာပုဗ္ဗဘာဂေါတိ တဿ ပုဗ္ဗဘာဂံ ဥပစာရဇ္ဈာနံ ဝဒတိ.

Gentleness—'Here, what is gentleness? Non-transgression by way of body, non-transgression by way of speech, non-transgression by way of body and speech—this is called gentleness; all restraint of virtue is gentleness.' Thus, pure virtue is called 'gentleness.' Compassion—he refers to the Brahma-abiding of compassion. 'With compassion as its preliminary part' refers to its preliminary part, the access jhāna.

ဒုဝိဓေန [Pg.113] ဈာနေနာတိ အာရမ္မဏူပနိဇ္ဈာနလက္ခဏူပနိဇ္ဈာနဘေဒတော ဒုဝိဓေန ဈာနမနေန. ပဉ္စဝိဓမိစ္ဆာဇီဝဝသေနာတိ ကုဟနာလပနာနေမိတ္တိကတာနိပ္ပေသိကတာလာဘေနလာဘံနိဇိဂီသနတာသင်္ခါတ- ပဉ္စဝိဓမိစ္ဆာဇီဝဝသေန. န လိပ္ပတီတိ န အလ္လီယတိ အနုသယတော အာရမ္မဏကရဏတော ဝါ တဏှာဒိဋ္ဌိအဘိနိဝေသာဘာဝတော. သေသမေတ္ထ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

'By twofold meditation' means through twofold meditation distinguished as meditation dwelling on the object and meditation dwelling on the characteristic mark. 'By fivefold wrong livelihood' means through fivefold wrong livelihood consisting of scheming, flattery, hinting, disparaging, and the pursuit of gain with gain. 'He does not cling' means he does not adhere through latent tendency or by making it an object, due to the absence of craving, views, or insistence. The rest here is self-evident.

နာဂသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Nāga Sutta is concluded.

၂. မိဂသာလာသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

2. Commentary on the Migasālā Sutta

၄၄. ဒုတိယေ သမသမဂတိယာတိ က-ကာရဿ ယ-ကာရဝသေန နိဒ္ဒေသောတိ အာဟ ‘‘သမဘာဝေနေဝ သမဂတိကာ’’တိ. ဘဝိဿန္တီတိ အတီတတ္ထေ အနာဂတဝစနံ ကတန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘ဘဝိဿန္တီတိ ဇာတာ’’တိ. ပုရာဏဿ ဟိ ဣသိဒတ္တဿ စ သမဂတိကံ သန္ဓာယ သာ ဧဝမာဟ.

44. In the second instance, regarding 'samasamagati,' explaining the 'ka' syllable by means of the 'ya' syllable, he says, 'equal in nature, equal in destiny.' 'Bhavissanti'—using the future tense for the past meaning, he says, '“bhavissanti” means “they were.”' For she spoke thus referring to the equal destiny of Purāṇa and Isidatta.

အမ္မကာတိ မာတုဂါမော. ဥပစာရဝစနဉှေတံ. ဣတ္ထီသု ယဒိဒံ အမ္မကာ မာတုဂါမော ဇနနီ ဇနိကာတိ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဣတ္ထီ ဟုတွာ ဣတ္ထိသညာယ ဧဝ သမန္နာဂတာ’’တိ.

'Ammaka' means 'woman.' This is a term of familiar address. Among women, indeed, 'ammaka' means woman, progenitor, birth-giver. Therefore, it is said, 'Being a woman, possessing the perception of a woman.'

ဒိဋ္ဌိယာ ပဋိဝိဇ္ဈိတဗ္ဗံ အပ္ပဋိဝိဒ္ဓံ ဟောတီတိ အတ္ထတော ကာရဏတော စ ပညာယ ပဋိဝိဇ္ဈိတဗ္ဗံ အပ္ပဋိဝိဒ္ဓံ ဟောတိ, နိဇ္ဇဋံ နိဂ္ဂုမ္ဗံ ကတွာ ယာထာဝတော အဝိဒိတံ ဟောတိ. သမယေ သမယေ ကိလေသေဟိ ဝိမုစ္စနကံ ပီတိပါမောဇ္ဇံ ဣဓ သာမာယိကံ မ-ကာရေ အကာရဿ ဒီဃံ ကတွာ. တေနာဟ – ‘‘သာမာယိကမ္ပိ ဝိမုတ္တိံ န လဘတီတိ ကာလာနုကာလံ ဓမ္မဿဝနံ နိဿာယ ပီတိပါမောဇ္ဇံ န လဘတီ’’တိ. ပမိဏန္တီတိ ဧတ္ထ အာရမ္ဘတ္ထော ပ-သဒ္ဒေါတိ အာဟ ‘‘တုလေတုံ အာရဘန္တီ’’တိ. ပဏီတောတိ ဝိသိဋ္ဌော.

That 'what should be penetrated by view remains unpenetrated' means that what should be penetrated by wisdom, in its meaning and its reason, remains unpenetrated; it is not known as it truly is, after making it disentangled and free of thickets. The joy and delight of being liberated from defilements from time to time is here called 'temporary' (sāmāyikaṃ), formed by lengthening the 'a' in the 'ma' syllable. Therefore, it is said: 'One does not attain even temporary liberation,' which means one does not gain joy and delight by relying on the timely hearing of the Dhamma. As for 'pamiṇantīti,' here the prefix 'pa' indicates commencement; thus it is said, 'they begin to weigh.' 'Paṇīta' means distinguished.

တဒန္တရန္တိ ဝစနဝိပလ္လာသေန ဥပယောဂတ္ထေ သာမိဝစနံ ကတန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘တံ အန္တရံ တံ ကာရဏ’’န္တိ. လောဘဿ အပရာပရုပ္ပတ္တိယာ ဗဟုဝစနဝသေန ‘‘လောဘဓမ္မာ’’တိ ဝုတ္တာ. သီလေန ဝိသေသီ အဟောသိ မေထုနဓမ္မဝိရတိယာ သမန္နာဂတတ္တာ.

'Tadantaraṃ' is said through a distortion of language, using the genitive case in the sense of connection; thus it is said, 'that is the interval, that is the cause.' Because of the successive arising of greed, it is spoken of in the plural as 'greed-states.' He was distinguished by virtue, being endowed with abstaining from the sexual act.

မိဂသာလာသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Migasālā Sutta is concluded.

၃-၆. ဣဏသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

3-6. Commentary on the Debt Discourse and Others

၄၅-၄၈. တတိယေ [Pg.114] ဒလိဒ္ဒေါ နာမ ဒုဂ္ဂတော, တဿ ဘာဝေါ ဒါလိဒ္ဒိယံ. န ဧတဿ သကံ သာပတေယျန္တိ အဿကော, အသာပတေယျော. တေနာဟ ‘‘အတ္တနော သန္တကေန ရဟိတော’’တိ. ‘‘ဗုဒ္ဓေါ ဓမ္မော သံဃော’’တိ ဝုတ္တေ ‘‘သမ္မာသမ္ဗုဒ္ဓေါ ဘဂဝါ, သွာက္ခာတော ဓမ္မော, သုပ္ပဋိပန္နော သံဃော’’တိ ကေနစိ အကမ္ပိယဘာဝေန ဩကပ္ပနံ ရတနတ္တယဂုဏေ ဩဂါဟေတွာ ကပ္ပနံ ဩကပ္ပနသဒ္ဓါ နာမ. ‘‘ဣဒံ အကုသလံ ကမ္မံ နော သကံ, ဣဒံ ပန ကမ္မံ သက’’န္တိ ဧဝံ ဗျတိရေကတော အနွယတော စ ကမ္မဿကတဇာနနပညာ ကမ္မဿကတပညာ. တိဝိဓဉှိ ဒုစ္စရိတံ အတ္တနာ ကတမ္ပိ သကကမ္မံ နာမ န ဟောတိ အတ္ထဘဉ္ဇနတော. သုစရိတံ သကကမ္မံ နာမ အတ္ထဇနနတော. ဣဏာဒါနသ္မိန္တိ ပစ္စတ္တဝစနတ္ထေ ဧတံ ဘုမ္မန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘ဣဏဂ္ဂဟဏံ ဝဒါမီ’’တိ.

In the third instance, 'daliddo' means 'destitute,' and his state is 'poverty.' He does not own any property—he is without property, devoid of ownership. Hence it is said, 'bereft of his own possessions.' When 'Buddha, Dhamma, Sangha' is spoken of, the firm establishment, by someone with an unshakable nature, having plunged into the qualities of the Triple Gem—that the Blessed One is perfectly self-enlightened, the Dhamma is well-expounded, the Sangha is practicing rightly—is called 'okappanasaddhā' (conviction-faith). The wisdom of knowing ownership of actions—discriminating and understanding, 'This unwholesome action is not my own, but this wholesome action is my own'—is called 'kammassakatapaññā' (wisdom of ownership of actions). For unwholesome conduct, though done by oneself, is not called one's own action because it is destructive of benefit. Wholesome conduct is called one's own action because it generates benefit. Regarding 'iṇādānasminti,' taking the sense of the individual speaking, it is included in the locative case; hence it is said, 'I speak of debt-taking.'

ကဋဂ္ဂါဟောတိ ကတံ သဗ္ဗသော သိဒ္ဓမေဝ ကတွာ ဂဟဏံ. သော ပန ဝိဇယလာဘော ဟောတီတိ အာဟ ‘‘ဇယဂ္ဂါဟော’’တိ. ဟိရိမနော ဧတဿာတိ ဟိရိမနောတိ အာဟ ‘‘ဟိရိသမ္ပယုတ္တစိတ္တော’’တိ, ပါပဇိဂုစ္ဆနလက္ခဏာယ ဟိရိယာ သမ္ပယုတ္တစိတ္တောတိ အတ္ထော. ဩတ္တပ္ပတိ ဥဗ္ဗိဇ္ဇတိ ဘာယတိ သီလေနာတိ ဩတ္တပ္ပီ, ဩတ္တပ္ပေန သမန္နာဂတော. နိရာမိသံ သုခန္တိ တတိယဇ္ဈာနသုခံ ဒူရသမုဿာရိတကာမာမိသတ္တာ. ဥပေက္ခန္တိ စတုတ္ထဇ္ဈာနုပေက္ခံ, န ယံ ကိဉ္စိ ဥပေက္ခာဝေဒနန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘စတုတ္ထဇ္ဈာနုပေက္ခ’’န္တိ. အာရဒ္ဓဝီရိယောတိ ပဂ္ဂဟိတပရိပုဏ္ဏကာယိကစေတသိကဝီရိယောတိ အတ္ထော. ယော ဂဏသင်္ဂဏိကံ ဝိနောဒေတွာ စတူသု ဣရိယာပထေသု အဋ္ဌအာရမ္ဘဝတ္ထုဝသေန ဧကကော ဟောတိ, တဿ ကာယိကံ ဝီရိယံ အာရဒ္ဓံ နာမ ဟောတိ. စိတ္တသင်္ဂဏိကံ ဝိနောဒေတွာ အဋ္ဌသမာပတ္တိဝသေန ဧကကော ဟောတိ. ဂမနေ ဥပ္ပန္နကိလေသဿ ဌာနံ ပါပုဏိတုံ န ဒေတိ, ဌာနေ ဥပ္ပန္နကိလေသဿ နိသဇ္ဇံ, နိသဇ္ဇာယ ဥပ္ပန္နကိလေသဿ သယနံ ပါပုဏိတုံ န ဒေတိ, ဥပ္ပန္နဋ္ဌာနေယေဝ ကိလေသေ နိဂ္ဂဏှာတိ. အယံ စေတသိကံ ဝီရိယံ အာရဒ္ဓံ နာမ ဟောတိ. ပဋိပက္ခဒူရီဘာဝေန သေဋ္ဌဋ္ဌေန စ ဧကော ဥဒေတီတိ ဧကောဒိ, ဧကဂ္ဂတာ. တဿ ယောဂတော ဧကဂ္ဂစိတ္တော ဣဓ ဧကောဒိ. ပဋိပက္ခတော အတ္တာနံ နိပါတိ, တံ ဝါ နိပယတိ ဝိသောသေတီတိ နိပကော. အညတရံ ကာယာဒိဘေဒံ အာရမ္မဏံ သာတိသယာယ သတိယာ သရတီတိ သတော. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဧကဂ္ဂစိတ္တော’’တိအာဒိ.

'Kaṭaggāho' means taking what has been fully accomplished as accomplished. That is called 'jayaggāho' because it is the attainment of victory. 'Hirimanoti' means 'endowed with a mind associated with shame,' that is, a mind connected with shame, which has the characteristic of disgust toward evil. 'Ottappī' means one who is fearful, anxious, and afraid of wrongdoing—endowed with moral dread. 'Nirāmisaṃ sukhaṃ' refers to the happiness of the third jhāna, because it is far removed from sensual pleasures. 'Upekkhā' is the equanimity of the fourth jhāna—not just any neutral feeling—hence it is called 'the equanimity of the fourth jhāna.' 'Āraddhavīriyo' means one whose bodily and mental energy is fully exerted. For one who, having abandoned group activities, remains alone in the four postures based on the eight grounds of exertion, their bodily energy is called 'exerted.' For one who, having abandoned mental distractions, remains alone in the eight attainments, not allowing arisen defilements to reach a standing position while walking, a sitting position while standing, or a lying position while sitting—but restraining the defilements right where they arise—their mental energy is called 'exerted.' 'Ekodi' means 'solitary' because it arises alone, being supreme in distancing from opposition and being excellent. From this practice, one becomes 'ekaggacitto'—unified in mind. 'Nipako' means one who wards off opposition, or dissolves it. 'Sato' means one who recollects any object—such as the body—with abundant mindfulness. Hence it is said: 'ekaggacitto,' etc.

အကုပ္ပာ မေ ဝိမုတ္တီတိ မယှံ အရဟတ္တဖလဝိမုတ္တိ အကုပ္ပတာယ အကုပ္ပာရမ္မဏတာယ စ အကုပ္ပာ. သာ ဟိ ရာဂါဒီဟိ န ကုပ္ပတီတိ အကုပ္ပတာယပိ အကုပ္ပာ[Pg.115]. အကုပ္ပံ နိဗ္ဗာနမဿာ အာရမ္မဏန္တိ အကုပ္ပာရမ္မဏတာယပိ အကုပ္ပာ. တေနေဝါဟ ‘‘အကုပ္ပာရမ္မဏတ္တာ’’တိအာဒိ. ဘဝသံယောဇနာနန္တိ ကာမရာဂပဋိဃမာနဒိဋ္ဌိဝိစိကိစ္ဆာသီလဗ္ဗတပရာမာသဘဝရာဂဣဿာမစ္ဆရိယ- အဝိဇ္ဇာသင်္ခါတာနံ ဒသန္နံ သံယောဇနာနံ. ဣမာနိ ဟိ သတ္တေ ဘဝေသု သံယောဇေန္တိ ဥပနိဗန္ဓန္တိ ဘဝါဘဝေန သံယောဇေန္တိ, တသ္မာ ဘဝသံယောဇနာနီတိ ဝုစ္စန္တိ. ခီဏာသဝေါ ဥတ္တမအဏဏော ကိလေသဣဏာနံ အဘာဝတော. အညေ ဟိ သတ္တာ ယာဝ န ကိလေသာ ပဟီယန္တိ, တာဝ သဣဏာ နာမ အသေရိဝိဟာရဘာဝတော. စတုတ္ထာဒီနိ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထာနိ.

'My liberation is unshakeable'—this refers to my liberation through the fruit of arahantship, which is unshakeable because of its unshakeable nature and because its object is unshakeable. For it is not shaken by lust and the like, thus it is unshakeable in its nature. And because its object is the unshakeable Nibbāna, it is unshakeable because its object is unshakeable. Hence it is said, 'because its object is unshakeable,' and so on. 'The fetters of existence'—these are the ten fetters: sensual desire, ill will, conceit, wrong view, doubt, attachment to rites and rituals, craving for existence, envy, stinginess, and ignorance. These bind beings to existences, tethering them to repeated becoming, thus they are called the fetters of existence. 'One whose taints are destroyed, the supreme debt-free one,' because of the absence of the debts of defilements. Other beings, as long as their defilements are not abandoned, are called 'indebted' because they lack the state of freedom. The remaining terms (from the fourth onward) are clear in meaning.

ဣဏသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Iṇasutta and similar suttas is concluded.

၇. ခေမသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

7. Explanation of the Khema Sutta

၄၉. သတ္တမေ ဝုတ္ထဗြဟ္မစရိယဝါသောတိ နိဝုတ္ထဗြဟ္မစရိယဝါသော. ကတကရဏီယောတိ ဧတ္ထ ကရဏီယန္တိ ပရိညာပဟာနဘာဝနာသစ္ဆိကိရိယမာဟ. တံ ပန ယသ္မာ စတူဟိ မဂ္ဂေဟိ ပစ္စေကံ စတူသု သစ္စေသု ကတ္တဗ္ဗတ္တာ သောဠသဝိဓံ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ. တေနာဟ ‘‘စတူဟိ မဂ္ဂေဟိ ကတ္တဗ္ဗ’’န္တိ. ခန္ဓကိလေသအဘိသင်္ခါရသင်္ခါတာ တယော ဩသီဒါပနဋ္ဌေန ဘာရာ ဝိယာတိ ဘာရာ. တေ ဩဟိတာ ဩရောပိတာ နိက္ခိတ္တာ ပါတိတာ ဧတေနာတိ ဩဟိတဘာရော. တေနာဟ ‘‘ခန္ဓဘာရံ…ပေ… ဩတာရေတွာ ဌိတော’’တိ. အနုပ္ပတ္တော သဒတ္ထန္တိ အနုပ္ပတ္တသဒတ္ထော. သဒတ္ထောတိ စ သကတ္ထမာဟ က-ကာရဿ ဒ-ကာရံ ကတွာ. ဧတ္ထ ဟိ အရဟတ္တံ အတ္တနော ယောနိသောမနသိကာရာယတ္တတ္တာ အတ္တူပနိဗန္ဓဋ္ဌေန သသန္တာနပရိယာပန္နတ္တာ အတ္တာနံ အဝိဇဟနဋ္ဌေန အတ္တနော ဥတ္တမတ္ထေန စ အတ္တနော အတ္ထတ္တာ ‘‘သကတ္ထော’’တိ ဝုစ္စတိ. တေနာဟ ‘‘သဒတ္ထော ဝုစ္စတိ အရဟတ္တ’’န္တိ. သမ္မဒညာ ဝိမုတ္တောတိ သမ္မာ အညာယ ဝိမုတ္တော, အစ္ဆိန္နဘူတာယ မဂ္ဂပညာယ သမ္မာ ယထာဘူတံ ဒုက္ခာဒီသု ယော ယထာ ဇာနိတဗ္ဗော, တထာ ဇာနိတွာ ဝိမုတ္တောတိ အတ္ထော. တေနာဟ ‘‘သမ္မာ ဟေတုနာ’’တိအာဒိ. ဝိမုတ္တောတိ စ ဒွေ ဝိမုတ္တိယော သဗ္ဗဿ စိတ္တသံကိလေသဿ မဂ္ဂေါ နိဗ္ဗာနာဓိမုတ္တိ စ. နိဗ္ဗာနေ အဓိမုစ္စနံ တတ္ထ နိန္နပေါဏပဗ္ဘာရတာယ. အရဟာ သဗ္ဗကိလေသေဟိ ဝိမုတ္တစိတ္တတ္တာ စိတ္တဝိမုတ္တိယာ ဝိမုတ္တော. နိဗ္ဗာနံ အဓိမုတ္တတ္တာ နိဗ္ဗာနေ ဝိမုတ္တော. သေသမေတ္ထ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

49. In the seventh sutta, 'vutthabrahmacariyavāso' means 'nivutthabrahmacariyavāso,' one who has lived the holy life. Here, 'katakaraṇīya' refers to what must be done, namely, full understanding, abandoning, developing, and realizing. Since this must be done by each of the four paths in relation to the four truths, it should be understood as sixteenfold. Hence it is said, 'to be done by the four paths.' The three burdens, known as the aggregates, defilements, and formations, are called burdens because they cause sinking. They are laid down, cast off, removed, and discarded by him—thus, 'one who has laid down the burden.' Hence it is said, 'having laid down the burden of the aggregates... and stands having cast it off.' 'Anuppatto sadatthanti' means 'anuppattasadattho,' one who has attained one's own welfare. And 'sadattho' means 'sakattho,' changing the 'ka' syllable to 'da.' Here, arahantship is called 'one's own welfare' because it depends on one's own wise attention, is connected to oneself by being included in one's own continuum, does not abandon oneself, is the highest for oneself, and is one's own welfare. Hence it is said, ''one's own welfare' is called arahantship.' 'Sammadaññā vimuttoti' means 'sammā aññāya vimutto,' liberated by right understanding—liberated by rightly understanding, with the unbroken wisdom of the path, what should be known as it truly is regarding suffering and so forth. Hence it is said, 'rightly by reason,' etc. And 'vimutto' refers to two kinds of liberation: the path from all mental defilements, and inclination towards Nibbāna. Inclination towards Nibbāna is being inclined and directed toward it. The arahant is liberated by liberation of mind because the mind is freed from all defilements, and is liberated in Nibbāna due to being inclined toward it. The rest here is clear.

ခေမသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Khemasutta Commentary is concluded.

၈. ဣန္ဒြိယသံဝရသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

8. Commentary on the Indriyasaṃvarasutta

၅၀. အဋ္ဌမေ [Pg.116] ဥပနိသီဒတိ ဖလံ ဧတ္ထာတိ ကာရဏံ ဥပနိသာ. ယထာဘူတဉာဏဒဿနန္တိ ယထာသဘာဝဇာနနသင်္ခါတံ ဒဿနံ. ဧတေန တရုဏဝိပဿနံ ဒဿေတိ. တရုဏဝိပဿနာ ဟိ ဗလဝဝိပဿနာယ ပစ္စယော ဟောတိ. တရုဏဝိပဿနာတိ နာမရူပပရိဂ္ဂဟေ ဉာဏံ, ပစ္စယပရိဂ္ဂဟေ ဉာဏံ, သမ္မသနေ ဉာဏံ, မဂ္ဂါမဂ္ဂေ ဝဝတ္ထပေတွာ ဌိတဉာဏန္တိ စတုန္နံ ဉာဏာနံ အဓိဝစနံ. နိဗ္ဗိန္ဒတိ ဧတာယာတိ နိဗ္ဗိဒါ. ဗလဝဝိပဿနာတိ ဘယတုပဋ္ဌာနေ ဉာဏံ အာဒီနဝါနုပဿနေ ဉာဏံ မုစ္စိတုကမျတာဉာဏံ သင်္ခါရုပေက္ခာဉာဏန္တိ စတုန္နံ ဉာဏာနံ အဓိဝစနံ. ပဋိသင်္ခါနုပဿနာ ပန မုစ္စိတုကမျတာပက္ခိကာ ဧဝ. ‘‘ယာဝ မဂ္ဂါမဂ္ဂဉာဏဒဿနဝိသုဒ္ဓိ, တာဝ တရုဏဝိပဿနာ’’တိ ဟိ ဝစနတော ဥပက္ကိလေသဝိမုတ္တဥဒယဗ္ဗယဉာဏတော ဗလဝဝိပဿနာ. ဝိရဇ္ဇတိ အရိယော သင်္ခါရတော ဧတေနာတိ ဝိရာဂေါ, အရိယမဂ္ဂေါ. အရဟတ္တဖလန္တိ ဥက္ကဋ္ဌနိဒ္ဒေသတော ဝုတ္တံ. ဣန္ဒြိယသံဝရဿ သီလရက္ခဏဟေတုတ္တာ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘သီလာနုရက္ခဏဣန္ဒြိယသံဝရော ကထိတော’’တိ.

50. In the eighth sutta, 'upanisā' is the cause, meaning 'that by which the fruit is approached.' 'Knowledge and vision of things as they really are' refers to seeing characterized by knowing according to their own nature. This indicates preliminary insight. For preliminary insight serves as a condition for strong insight. 'Preliminary insight' (taruṇavipassanā) is a term for four kinds of knowledge: knowledge of the discernment of name and form, knowledge of the discernment of conditions, knowledge of comprehension, and knowledge that remains after distinguishing the path and the non-path. One becomes disenchanted through this—thus, disenchantment (nibbidā). 'Strong insight' (balavavipassanā) is a term for four kinds of knowledge: knowledge of the appearance of danger, knowledge of contemplation of drawbacks, knowledge of the desire for deliverance, and knowledge of equanimity toward formations. However, contemplation of re-observation belongs only to the side of the desire for deliverance. For it is said, 'As long as there is purification of knowledge and vision of the path and non-path, so long is it preliminary insight.' Strong insight begins from the knowledge of arising and passing away, free from corruptions. The noble one becomes dispassionate toward formations through this—thus, dispassion (virāgo), the noble path. 'The fruit of arahantship' is stated by way of the highest description. The guarding of the senses is mentioned as the cause for protecting virtue, hence it is said, 'The guarding of the senses is taught as the protection of virtue.'

ဣန္ဒြိယသံဝရသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Indriyasaṃvarasutta Commentary is concluded.

၉. အာနန္ဒသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

9. Commentary on the Ānanda Sutta

၅၁. နဝမေ ထေရာ ဘိက္ခူ ဝိဟရန္တိ ဗဟုဿုတာ အာဂတာဂမာတိအာဒိပါဠိပဒေသု ဣမိနာဝ နယေန အတ္ထော ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗော – သီလာဒိဂုဏာနံ ထိရဘာဝပ္ပတ္တိယာ ထေရာ. သုတ္တဂေယျာဒိ ဗဟု သုတံ ဧတေသန္တိ ဗဟုဿုတာ. ဝါစုဂ္ဂတဓာရဏေန သမ္မဒေဝ ဂရူနံ သန္တိကေ အာဂမိတဘာဝေန အာဂတော ပရိယတ္တိဓမ္မသင်္ခါတော အာဂမော ဧတေသန္တိ အာဂတာဂမာ. သုတ္တာတိဓမ္မသင်္ခါတဿ ဓမ္မဿ ဓာရဏေန ဓမ္မဓရာ. ဝိနယဓာရဏေန ဝိနယဓရာ. တေသံယေဝ ဓမ္မဝိနယာနံ မာတိကာယ ဓာရဏေန မာတိကာဓရာ. တတ္ထ တတ္ထ ဓမ္မပရိပုစ္ဆာယ ပရိပုစ္ဆတိ. တံ အတ္ထပရိပုစ္ဆာယ ပရိပဉှတိ ဝီမံသတိ ဝိစာရေတိ. ဣဒံ, ဘန္တေ, ကထံ, ဣမဿ ကွတ္ထောတိ ပရိပုစ္ဆနပဉှနာကာရဒဿနံ. အာဝိဝဋဉ္စေဝ ပါဠိယာ အတ္ထံ ပဒေသန္တရပါဠိဒဿနေန အာဂမတော ဝိဝရန္တိ. အနုတ္တာနီကတဉ္စ ယုတ္တိဝိဘာဝနေန ဥတ္တာနီကရောန္တိ. ကင်္ခါဋ္ဌာနိယေသု ဓမ္မေသု သံသယုပ္ပတ္တိယာ [Pg.117] ဟေတုယာ ဂဏ္ဌိဋ္ဌာနဘူတေသု ပါဠိပဒေသု ယာထာဝတော ဝိနိစ္ဆယဒါနေန ကင်္ခံ ပဋိဝိနောဒေန္တိ.

51. In the ninth sutta, the meaning in passages such as 'the elder monks dwell as learned, bearers of the tradition,' etc., should be understood in this way: 'elders' (therā) due to the firm attainment of virtues such as morality. They are 'learned' (bahussutā) because they have heard much, such as the Suttas and Geyya. 'Bearers of the tradition' (āgatāgamā) because they have properly received the teaching-tradition, known as the tradition, from their teachers through vocal recitation and retention. They are 'bearers of the Dhamma' (dhammadharā) by retaining the Dhamma, which includes the Suttas and the Abhidhamma. They are 'bearers of the Vinaya' (vinayadharā) by retaining the Vinaya. They are 'bearers of the matrices' (mātikādharā) by retaining the mātikā of these very Dhamma and Vinaya. They inquire about the Dhamma here and there. They examine, investigate, and reflect on it through questioning about the meaning. This is how they see the manner of questioning and answering: 'Venerable sir, how is this? What is the meaning of this?' They 'open up what is unopened' by revealing the meaning of the text through seeing other passages in other parts of the scriptures. They 'make clear what is unclear' by clarifying with reasoning. In scriptural passages that are knots of uncertainty due to the arising of doubt in matters where doubt can arise, they dispel uncertainty by giving a decisive judgment.

အာနန္ဒသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Ānandasutta Commentary is concluded.

၁၀. ခတ္တိယသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

10. Commentary on the Khattiya Sutta

၅၂. ဒသမေ ဘောဂေ အဓိပ္ပာယော ဧတေသန္တိ ဘောဂါဓိပ္ပာယာ. ပညတ္ထာယ ဧတေသံ မနော ဥပဝိစရတီတိ ပညူပဝိစာရာ. ပထဝိယာ ဒါယတ္ထာယ ဝါ စိတ္တံ အဘိနိဝေသော ဧတေသန္တိ ပထဝီဘိနိဝေသာ. မန္တာ အဓိဋ္ဌာနံ ပတိဋ္ဌာ ဧတေသန္တိ မန္တာဓိဋ္ဌာနာ. ဣမိနာ နယေန သေသပဒါနိပိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာနိ. သေသံ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

52. In the tenth sutta, their intention is for possessions, thus they are 'possession-intentioned.' Their mind ranges for the sake of wisdom, thus they are 'wisdom-ranging.' Their mind is intent on the inheritance of the earth, thus they are 'earth-intent.' Mantras are their determination and foundation, thus they are 'mantra-determined.' The remaining terms should be understood in this manner. The rest is clear.

ခတ္တိယသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Khattiyasutta Commentary is concluded.

၁၁. အပ္ပမာဒသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

11. Commentary on the Appamāda Sutta

၅၃. ဧကာဒသမေ ဇင်္ဂလာနန္တိ ဧတ္ထ ယော နိပိစ္ဆလော န အနူပေါ နိရုဒကတာယ ထဒ္ဓလူခေါ ဘူမိပ္ပဒေသော, သော ‘‘ဇင်္ဂလော’’တိ ဝုစ္စတိ. တဗ္ဗဟုလတာယ ပန ဣဓ သဗ္ဗော ဘူမိပ္ပဒေသော ဇင်္ဂလော. တသ္မိံ ဇင်္ဂလေ ဇာတာ ဘဝါတိ ဝါ ဇင်္ဂလာ, တေသံ ဇင်္ဂလာနံ. ဧဝဉှိ နဒိစရာနမ္ပိ ဟတ္ထီနံ သင်္ဂဟော ကတော ဟောတိ သမောဓာတဗ္ဗာနံ ဝိယ သမောဓာယကာနမ္ပိ ဣဓ ဇင်္ဂလဂ္ဂဟဏေန ဂဟေတဗ္ဗတော. ပထဝီတလစာရီနန္တိ ဣမိနာ ဇလစာရိနော စ နိဝတ္တေတိ အဒိဿမာနပါဒတ္တာ. ‘‘ပါဏာန’’န္တိ သာဓာရဏဝစနမ္ပိ ‘‘ပဒဇာတာနီ’’တိ သဒ္ဒန္တရသန္နိဓာနေန ဝိသေသနိဝိဋ္ဌမေဝ ဟောတီတိ အာဟ ‘‘သပါဒကပါဏာန’’န္တိ. ‘‘မုတ္တဂတ’’န္တိအာဒီသု (မ. နိ. ၂.၁၁၉; အ. နိ. ၉.၁၁) ဂတ-သဒ္ဒေါ ဝိယ ဣဓ ဇာတ-သဒ္ဒေါ အနတ္ထန္တရောတိ အာဟ ‘‘ပဒဇာတာနီတိ ပဒါနီ’’တိ. သမောဓာနန္တိ သမဝရောဓံ, အန္တောဂဓံ ဝါ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဩဓာနံ ဥပနိက္ခေပံ ဂစ္ဆန္တီ’’တိ. ကူဋင်္ဂမာတိ ပါရိမန္တေန ကူဋံ ဥပဂစ္ဆန္တိ. ကူဋနိန္နာတိ ကူဋစ္ဆိဒ္ဒမဂ္ဂေ ပဝိသနဝသေန ကူဋေ နိန္နာ. ကူဋသမောသရဏာတိ ဆိဒ္ဒေ အနုပဝိသနဝသေန စ အာဟစ္စ အဝတ္ထာနေန စ ကူဋေ သမောဒဟိတွာ ဌိတာ. ဝဏ္ဋေ [Pg.118] ပတမာနေ သဗ္ဗာနိ ဘူမိယံ ပတန္တီတိ အာဟ ‘‘ဝဏ္ဋာနုဝတ္တကာနိ ဘဝန္တီ’’တိ.

53. In the eleventh sutta, regarding 'jaṅgalānaṃ' (of the wilderness-dwellers): here, any terrain that is not slippery, not marshy, and is dry, hard, and rough due to lack of water is called 'jaṅgala' (wilderness). But here, due to the abundance of such terrain, the entire area is 'jaṅgala.' Those born or existing in that wilderness are 'jaṅgalā' (wilderness-dwellers); 'tesaṃ jaṅgalānaṃ' means 'of the wilderness-dwellers.' Thus, even elephants living along rivers are included, as those who are to be gathered, as well as those who gather them, are to be included here by the term 'jaṅgala-dwelling.' Regarding 'pathavītalacārīnaṃ' (ground-walkers): by this, water-dwellers are excluded, as their feet are unseen. Though 'pāṇānaṃ' (beings) is a general term, with the proximity of the word 'padajātāni' (footed beings), it becomes specifically qualified; hence it is said, 'sapādakapāṇānaṃ' (beings with feet). Just as the word 'gata' (gone) in 'muttagata' (gone free), etc., the word 'jāta' (born) here makes no difference in meaning; hence it is said, ''padajātāni' means 'padāni'' (footprints). 'Samodhānaṃ' means crowding together, or being contained within. Hence it is said, 'they go to the place of depositing, the trap.' 'Kūṭaṅgamā' (approaching the peak) means they approach the peak entirely. 'Kūṭaninnā' (sloping towards the peak) means they are sloping towards the peak by entering through the hole leading to the peak. 'Kūṭasamosaraṇā' (assembling at the peak) means they stand assembled at the peak without entering the hole, remaining by striking against it. Regarding 'vaṇṭe patamāne sabbāni bhūmiyaṃ patanti' (when the stalk falls, all fall to the ground), it is said, 'they become followers of the stalk.'

အပ္ပမာဒသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Appamādasutta Commentary is concluded.

၁၂. ဓမ္မိကသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

12. Commentary on the Dhammika Sutta

၅၄. ဒွါဒသမေ ဇာတိဘူမိယန္တိ ဧတ္ထ ဇနနံ ဇာတိ, ဇာတိယာ ဘူမိ ဇာတိဘူမိ, ဇာတဋ္ဌာနံ. တံ ခေါ ပနေတံ နေဝ ကောသလမဟာရာဇာဒီနံ, န စင်္ကိဗြာဟ္မဏာဒီနံ, န သက္ကသုယာမသန္တုသိတာဒီနံ, န အသီတိမဟာသာဝကာနံ, န အညေသံ သတ္တာနံ ‘‘ဇာတိဘူမီ’’တိ ဝုစ္စတိ. ယဿ ပန ဇာတဒိဝသေ ဒသသဟဿီ လောကဓာတု ဧကဒ္ဓဇမာလာဝိပ္ပကိဏ္ဏကုသုမဝါသစုဏ္ဏဂဏသုဂန္ဓာ သဗ္ဗပါလိဖုလ္လမိဝ နန္ဒနဝနံ ဝိရောစမာနာ ပဒုမိနိပဏ္ဏေ ဥဒကဗိန္ဒု ဝိယ အကမ္ပိတ္ထ, ဇစ္စန္ဓာဒီနဉ္စ ရူပဒဿနာဒီနိ အနေကာနိ ပါဋိဟာရိယာနိ ပဝတ္တိံသု. တဿ သဗ္ဗညုဗောဓိသတ္တဿ ဇာတဋ္ဌာနံ, သာတိသယဿ ပန ဇနကကပိလဝတ္ထုသန္နိဿယော ‘‘ဇာတိဘူမီ’’တိ ဝုစ္စတိ. ဇာတိဘူမကာ ဥပါသကာတိ ဇာတိဘူမိဝါသိနော ဥပါသကာ. သန္တနေတွာ သဗ္ဗသော တနေတွာ ပတ္ထရိတွာ ဌိတမူလာနိ မူလသန္တာနကာနိ. တာနိ ပန အတ္ထတော မူလာနိယေဝါတိ အာဟ ‘‘မူလသန္တာနကာနန္တိ မူလာန’’န္တိ.

54. In the twelfth, regarding 'jātibhūmiyaṃ': here, 'jāti' is birth; the ground of birth is 'jātibhūmi', the place of birth. However, this is not called the 'birthplace' of King Kosala and others, nor of the brahmin Caṅkī and others, nor of Sakka, Suyāma, Santusita, and others, nor of the eighty great disciples, nor of other beings. But on the day of his birth, the ten-thousandfold world-system trembled like a drop of water on a lotus leaf, shining like the Nandana grove in full bloom, fragrant with masses of scattered flags, garlands, flowers, and scented powders; and many miracles occurred, such as the congenitally blind seeing forms. The place of birth of that All-Knowing Bodhisatta, the exceedingly distinguished one, near Kapilavatthu, the city of his father, is called the 'birthplace'. 'Jātibhūmakā upāsakā' means lay devotees dwelling in the birthplace. `Mūlasantānakāni` are the continuations of the roots, established after having been thoroughly extended and spread out. These, however, in meaning are simply the roots; thus it is said, '`mūlasantānakānanti mūlānaṃ`' (the continuations of the roots means the roots).

ဇာတဒိဝသေ အာဝုဓာနံ ဇောတိတတ္တာ, ရညော အပရိမိတဿ စ သတ္တကာယဿ အနတ္ထတော ပရိပါလနသမတ္ထတာယ စ ‘‘ဇောတိပါလော’’တိ လဒ္ဓနာမတ္တာ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘နာမေန ဇောတိပါလော’’တိ. ဂေါဝိန္ဒောတိ ဂေါဝိန္ဒိယာဘိသေကေန အဘိသိတ္တော, ဂေါဝိန္ဒဿ ဌာနေ ဌပနာဘိသေကေန အဘိသိတ္တောတိ အတ္ထော. တံ ကိရ တဿ ဗြာဟ္မဏဿ ကုလပရမ္ပရာဂတံ ဌာနန္တရံ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဌာနေန မဟာဂေါဝိန္ဒော’’တိ. ဂဝံ ပညဉ္စ ဝိန္ဒတိ ပဋိလဘတီတိ ဂေါဝိန္ဒော, မဟန္တော ဂေါဝိန္ဒောတိ မဟာဂေါဝိန္ဒော. ဂေါတိ ဟိ ပညာယေတံ အဓိဝစနံ ‘‘ဂစ္ဆတိ အတ္ထေ ဗုဇ္ဈတီ’’တိ ကတွာ. မဟာဂေါဝိန္ဒော စ အမှာကံ ဗောဓိသတ္တောယေဝ. သော ကိရ ဒိသမ္ပတိဿ နာမ ရညော ပုရောဟိတဿ ဂေါဝိန္ဒဗြာဟ္မဏဿ ပုတ္တော ဟုတွာ အတ္တနော ပိတုဿ စ ရညော စ အစ္စယေန တဿ ပုတ္တော ရေဏု, သဟာယာ [Pg.119] စဿ သတ္တဘူ, ဗြဟ္မဒတ္တော, ဝေဿဘူ, ဘရတော, ဒွေ ဓတရဋ္ဌာတိ ဣမေ သတ္တ ရာဇာနော ယထာ အညမညံ န ဝိဝဒန္တိ. ဧဝံ ရဇ္ဇေ ပတိဋ္ဌာပေတွာ တေသံ အတ္ထဓမ္မေ အနုသာသန္တေ ဇမ္ဗုဒီပတလေ သဗ္ဗေသံ ရာဇာဝ ရညံ, ဗြဟ္မာဝ ဗြာဟ္မဏာနံ, ဒေဝေါဝ ဂဟပတိကာနံ သက္ကတော ဂရုကတော မာနိတော ပူဇိတော အပစိတော ဥတ္တမဂါရဝဋ္ဌာနံ အဟောသိ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘ရေဏုအာဒီနံ သတ္တန္နံ ရာဇူနံ ပုရောဟိတော’’တိ. ဣမေဝ သတ္တ ဘာရဓာရာ မဟာရာဇာနော. ဝုတ္တဉှေတံ –

On his birthday, because weapons were illuminated, and because he was capable of protecting the immeasurable multitude of beings from harm, he was given the name 'Jotipāla'. Hence it is said, 'by name, Jotipāla'. 'Govinda' means he was anointed with the Govinda consecration; that is, he was consecrated to the position of Govinda. It is said that this was a hereditary position in that brahmin's family. Therefore, it is stated, 'by position, Mahāgovinda'. 'Govinda' means one who finds and acquires `go` (which is knowledge). 'Mahāgovinda' means the great Govinda. For 'go' is indeed a term for knowledge, derived from 'gacchati' (to go) in the sense of comprehending meaning. And our Mahāgovinda was the Bodhisatta himself. It is said that he was the son of Govinda the brahmin, the chaplain of King Disampati. After the passing of both his father and the king, the king's son Reṇu, and his friends—Sattabhū, Brahmadatta, Vessabhū, Bharata, and the two Dhataraṭṭhas—these seven became kings in such a way that they did not quarrel among themselves. Having established them in kingship and advising them in matters of benefit and righteousness, he was revered by all in Jambudīpa as the king of kings, the Brahmā of brahmins, and the deity of householders—honored, respected, esteemed, worshipped, and venerated, occupying the highest position of reverence. Therefore, it is said, 'the chaplain of the seven kings beginning with Reṇu'. These seven great kings were the Bhāradhārās. For it is said—

‘‘သတ္တဘူ ဗြဟ္မဒတ္တော စ, ဝေဿဘူ ဘရတော သဟ;

ရေဏု ဒွေ စ ဓတရဋ္ဌာ, တဒါသုံ သတ္တ ဘာရဓာ’’တိ. (ဒီ. နိ. အဋ္ဌ. ၂.၃၀၈);

“Sattabhū, Brahmadatta, and Vessabhū, together with Bharata; Reṇu and the two Dhataraṭṭhas: these were the seven Bhāradhās.” (Dīgha Nikāya Aṭṭhakathā 2.308)

ရညော ဒိဋ္ဌဓမ္မိကသမ္ပရာယိကတ္ထာနံ ပုရော ဝိဓာနတော ပုရေ သံဝိဓာနတော ပုရောဟိတော. ကောဓာမဂန္ဓေနာတိ ကောဓသင်္ခါတေန ပူတိဂန္ဓေန. ကရုဏာ အဿ အတ္ထီတိ ကရုဏန္တိ သပုဗ္ဗဘာဂကရုဏဇ္ဈာနံ ဝုတ္တန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘ကရုဏာယ စ ကရုဏာပုဗ္ဗဘာဂေ စ ဌိတာ’’တိ. ယကာရော သန္ဓိဝသေန အာဂတောတိ အာဟ ‘‘ယေတေတိ ဧတေ’’တိ. အရဟတ္တတော ပဋ္ဌာယ သတ္တမောတိ သကဒါဂါမီ. သကဒါဂါမိံ ဥပါဒါယာတိ သကဒါဂါမိဘာဝံ ပဋိစ္စ. သကဒါဂါမိဿ ဟိ ပဉ္စိန္ဒြိယာနိ သကဒါဂါမိဘာဝံ ပဋိစ္စ မုဒူနိ နာမ ဟောန္တိ. သေသမေတ္ထ သုဝိညေယျမေဝ.

Because he arranges (`vidhānato`) and plans (`saṃvidhānato`) beforehand (`puro`, `pure`) the king's welfare in this life and the next, he is a 'purohita' (chaplain). 'Kodhāmagandhena' (by the stench of anger) means by the foul odor known as anger. 'Karuṇā assa atthīti karuṇā' (he has compassion, thus he is compassionate) refers to the compassion-jhāna with its preliminary stages; thus it is said, 'established in compassion and in the preliminary stages of compassion'. The letter 'ya' comes for the sake of euphonic combination; thus it is said, '`yeteti` means `ete`'. 'Arahattato paṭṭhāya sattamo' (the seventh counting from arahantship) refers to a once-returner. 'Sakadāgāmiṃ upādāya' (with reference to the once-returner) means on account of the state of a once-returner. For, on account of the state of a once-returner, the five faculties of a once-returner are called 'mild' (`mudūni`). The rest here is easily understood.

ဓမ္မိကသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Dhammika Sutta is concluded.

ဓမ္မိကဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Dhammika Vagga is concluded.

ပဌမပဏ္ဏာသကံ နိဋ္ဌိတံ.

The First Fifty is concluded.

၂. ဒုတိယပဏ္ဏာသကံ

2. The Second Fifty

၆. မဟာဝဂ္ဂေါ

6. The Great Chapter

၁. သောဏသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

1. The Commentary on the Soṇa Sutta

၅၅. ဆဋ္ဌဿ [Pg.120] ပဌမေ နိသီဒိ ဘဂဝါ ပညတ္တေ အာသနေတိ ဧတ္ထ ကိံ တံ အာသနံ ပဌမမေဝ ပညတ္တံ, ဥဒါဟု ဘဂဝန္တံ ဒိသွာ ပညတ္တန္တိ စေ? ဘဂဝတော ဓရမာနကာလေ ပဓာနိကဘိက္ခူနံ ဝတ္တမေတံ, ယဒိဒံ အတ္တနော ဝသနဋ္ဌာနေ ဗုဒ္ဓါသနံ ပညပေတွာဝ နိသီဒနန္တိ ဒဿေန္တော အာဟ ‘‘ပဓာနိကဘိက္ခူ’’တိအာဒိ. ဗုဒ္ဓကာလေ ကိရ ယတ္ထ ယတ္ထ ဧကောပိ ဘိက္ခု ဝိဟရတိ, သဗ္ဗတ္ထ ဗုဒ္ဓါသနံ ပညတ္တမေဝ ဟောတိ. ကသ္မာ? ဘဂဝါ ဟိ အတ္တနော သန္တိကေ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ ဂဟေတွာ ဖာသုကဋ္ဌာနေ ဝိဟရန္တေ မနသိ ကရောတိ – ‘‘အသုကော မယှံ သန္တိကေ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ ဂဟေတွာ ဂတော, အသက္ခိ နု ခေါ ဝိသေသံ နိဗ္ဗတ္တေတုံ, နော’’တိ. အထ နံ ပဿတိ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ ဝိဿဇ္ဇေတွာ အကုသလဝိတက္ကံ ဝိတက္ကယမာနံ, တတော ‘‘ကထဉှိ နာမ မာဒိသဿ သတ္ထု သန္တိကေ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ ဂဟေတွာ ဝိဟရန္တံ ဣမံ ကုလပုတ္တံ အကုသလဝိတက္ကာ အဓိဘဝိတွာ အနမတဂ္ဂေ ဝဋ္ဋဒုက္ခေ သံသာရေဿန္တီ’’တိ တဿ အနုဂ္ဂဟတ္ထံ တတ္ထေဝ အတ္တာနံ ဒဿေတွာ တံ ကုလပုတ္တံ ဩဝဒိတွာ အာကာသံ ဥပ္ပတိတွာ ပုန အတ္တနော ဝသနဋ္ဌာနမေဝ ဂစ္ဆတိ. အထေဝံ ဩဝဒိယမာနာ တေ ဘိက္ခူ စိန္တယိံသု ‘‘သတ္ထာ အမှာကံ မနံ ဇာနိတွာ အာဂန္တွာ အမှာကံ သမီပေ ဌိတံယေဝ အတ္တာနံ ဒဿေတိ. တသ္မိံ ခဏေ, ‘ဘန္တေ, ဣဓ နိသီဒထ နိသီဒထာ’တိ အာသနပရိယေသနံ နာမ ဘာရော’’တိ. တေ အာသနံ ပညပေတွာဝ ဝိဟရန္တိ. ယဿ ပီဌံ အတ္ထိ, သော တံ ပညပေတိ. ယဿ နတ္ထိ, သော မဉ္စံ ဝါ ဖလကံ ဝါ ပါသာဏံ ဝါ ဝါလိကာပုဉ္ဇံ ဝါ ပညပေတိ. တံ အလဘမာနာ ပုရာဏပဏ္ဏာနိပိ သံကဍ္ဎိတွာ တတ္ထ ပံသုကူလံ ပတ္ထရိတွာ ဌပေန္တိ.

55. Regarding the first words of the sixth sutta, 'The Blessed One sat down on the prepared seat': here, was that seat prepared beforehand, or was it prepared upon seeing the Blessed One? To show that during the Blessed One’s lifetime it was the custom of diligent monks to prepare a Buddha-seat in their own dwelling place before sitting down, it is said, 'diligent monks,' etc. In the Buddha's time, it is said, wherever even a single monk was dwelling, a Buddha-seat was always prepared. Why? Because the Blessed One would direct his mind towards those who, having taken a meditation subject from him, were dwelling in a suitable place, thinking: 'So-and-so took a meditation subject from me and left; has he been able to bring about a special attainment, or not?' Then, if he saw that monk had abandoned the meditation subject and was thinking unwholesome thoughts, he would think: 'How can it be that unwholesome thoughts should overpower this clansman, who is dwelling after having taken a meditation subject from a teacher like me, and cause him to transmigrate in the beginningless round of suffering?' For his benefit, the Blessed One would manifest himself right there, advise that clansman, and then rise into the sky and return to his own dwelling place. Being advised in this way, those monks reflected: 'The Teacher, knowing our minds, comes and manifests himself, standing right beside us. At that moment, searching for a seat, thinking, “Venerable sir, please sit here, sit here,” is a burden.' Thus, they would dwell only after preparing a seat. Whoever had a stool would prepare that. Whoever did not would prepare a cot, a plank, a stone, or a pile of sand. If they could not get those, they would gather old leaves, spread a rag from a dust-heap over them, and set it in place.

သတ္တ သရာတိ – ဆဇ္ဇော, ဥသဘော, ဂန္ဓာရော, မဇ္ဈိမော, ပဉ္စမော, ဓေဝတော, နိသာဒေါတိ ဧတေ သတ္တ သရာ. တယော ဂါမာတိ – ဆဇ္ဇဂါမော, မဇ္ဈိမဂါမော, သာဓာရဏဂါမောတိ တယော ဂါမာ, သမူဟာတိ အတ္ထော. မနုဿလောကေ ဝီဏာဝါဒနာ ဧကေကဿ သရဿ ဝသေန တယော တယော မုစ္ဆနာတိ ကတွာ ဧကဝီသတိ မုစ္ဆနာ. ဒေဝလောကေ ဝီဏာဝါဒနာ ပန သမပညာသ မုစ္ဆနာတိ ဝဒန္တိ. တတ္ထ ဟိ ဧကေကဿ သရဿ ဝသေန သတ္တ [Pg.121] သတ္တ မုစ္ဆနာ, အန္တရဿ သရဿ စ ဧကာတိ သမပညာသ မုစ္ဆနာ. တေနေဝ သက္ကပဉှသုတ္တသံဝဏ္ဏနာယံ (ဒီ. နိ. အဋ္ဌ. ၂.၃၄၅) ‘‘သမပညာသ မုစ္ဆနာ မုစ္ဆေတွာ’’တိ ပဉ္စသိခဿ ဝီဏာဝါဒနံ ဒဿေန္တေန ဝုတ္တံ. ဌာနာ ဧကူနပညာသာတိ ဧကေကဿေဝ သရဿ သတ္တ သတ္တ ဌာနဘေဒါ, ယတော သရဿ မဏ္ဍလတာဝဝတ္ထာနံ ဟောတိ. ဧကူနပညာသဋ္ဌာနဝိသေသော တိဿော ဒုဝေ စတဿော စတဿော တိဿော ဒုဝေ စတဿောတိ ဒွါဝီသတိ သုတိဘေဒါ စ ဣစ္ဆိတာ.

Seven notes (`sarā`): Chajja, Usabha, Gandhāra, Majjhima, Pañcama, Dhevata, and Nisāda—these are the seven notes. Three scales (`gāmā`): Chajjagāma, Majjhimagāma, and Sādhāraṇagāma—these are the three scales, meaning groups. In the human world, when playing the lute, there are three modulations (`mucchanā`) for each note, making twenty-one modulations. In the celestial world, however, they say there are fifty modulations when playing the lute. There, for each note, there are seven modulations, plus one for the intermediate (`antara`) note, making fifty modulations. Thus, in the commentary on the Sakkapañha Sutta, it is said, 'having modulated fifty `mucchanā`,' when describing Pañcasikha’s lute-playing. There are forty-nine positions (`ṭhānā`): for each note, there are seven distinct positions, from which the range of the note is established. The forty-nine distinct positions are accepted, and also the twenty-two divisions of microtonal intervals (`suti`), which are distributed as three, two, four, four, three, two, and four.

အတိဂါဠှံ အာရဒ္ဓန္တိ ထိနမိဒ္ဓဆမ္ဘိတတ္တာနံ ဝူပသမတ္ထံ အတိဝိယ အာရဒ္ဓံ. သဗ္ဗတ္ထ နိယုတ္တာ သဗ္ဗတ္ထိကာ. သဗ္ဗေန ဝါ လီနုဒ္ဓစ္စပက္ခိယေန အတ္ထေတဗ္ဗာ သဗ္ဗတ္ထိကာ. သမထောယေဝ သမထနိမိတ္တံ. ဧဝံ သေသေသုပိ. ခယာ ရာဂဿ ဝီတရာဂတ္တာတိ ဧတ္ထ ယသ္မာ ဗာဟိရကော ကာမေသု ဝီတရာဂေါ န ခယာ ရာဂဿ ဝီတရာဂေါ သဗ္ဗသော အဝိပ္ပဟီနရာဂတ္တာ. ဝိက္ခမ္ဘိတရာဂေါ ဟိ သော. အရဟာ ပန ခယာ ဧဝ, တသ္မာ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘ခယာ ရာဂဿ ဝီတရာဂတ္တာ’’တိ. ဧသ နယော ဒေါသမောဟေသုပိ.

Regarding 'they exert excessively': this means it is exerted too intensely for the pacification of sloth, torpor, and consternation. 'Sabbatthikā' means 'applied everywhere'. Or, they are 'sabbatthikā' because they are to be understood in every way, without inclining towards sluggishness and restlessness. 'Samathoyeva' (calmness itself) means 'samathanimittaṃ' (the sign of calmness). The same applies to the rest. Regarding 'Through the destruction of lust, one is free from lust': here, because an outsider is free from lust regarding sense pleasures, he is not free 'through the destruction of lust,' since his lust is not entirely abandoned. For he has only suppressed lust. But an arahant is free through destruction; therefore, it is said, 'Through the destruction of lust, one is free from lust.' The same principle applies to hatred and delusion.

လာဘသက္ကာရသိလောကံ နိကာမယမာနောတိ ဧတ္ထ လဗ္ဘတိ ပါပုဏီယတီတိ လာဘော, စတုန္နံ ပစ္စယာနမေတံ အဓိဝစနံ. သက္ကစ္စံ ကာတဗ္ဗောတိ သက္ကာရော. ပစ္စယာ ဧဝ ဟိ ပဏီတပဏီတာ သုန္ဒရသုန္ဒရာ အဘိသင်္ခရိတွာ ကတာ ‘‘သက္ကာရော’’တိ ဝုစ္စတိ, ယာ စ ပရေဟိ အတ္တနော ဂါရဝကိရိယာ, ပုပ္ဖာဒီဟိ ဝါ ပူဇာ. သိလောကောတိ ဝဏ္ဏဘဏနံ. တံ လာဘဉ္စ, သက္ကာရဉ္စ, သိလောကဉ္စ, နိကာမယမာနော, ပဝတ္တယမာနောတိ အတ္ထော. တေနေဝါဟ ‘‘စတုပစ္စယလာဘဉ္စ…ပေ… ပတ္ထယမာနော’’တိ.

Here, 'lābhasakkārasilokaṃ nikāmayamānoti' means desiring gain, honor, and praise. 'Lābho' refers to what is obtained or acquired; it is a term for the four requisites. 'Sakkāro' means doing something carefully. Indeed, requisites that are prepared with great effort—the finest and most beautiful—are called 'sakkāro.' It also includes the respect shown by others or offerings such as flowers. 'Siloko' means the utterance of praise. Thus, 'nikāmayamāno' means desiring and pursuing gain, honor, and praise. Therefore, it is said: 'desiring the gain of the four requisites...pe... aspiring for it.'

ထူဏန္တိ ပသူနံ ဗန္ဓနတ္ထာယ နိခါတတ္ထမ္ဘသင်္ခါတံ ထူဏံ. သေသံ သုဝိညေယျမေဝ.

Regarding 'thūṇaṃ' (post): this refers to a post, that is, a pillar dug into the ground for the purpose of tethering animals. The rest is easily understood.

သောဏသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Soṇa Sutta is concluded.

၂. ဖဂ္ဂုနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

2. The commentary on the Phagguna Sutta

၅၆. ဒုတိယေ သမဓောသီတိ သမန္တတော အဓောသိ. သဗ္ဗဘာဂေန ပရိဖန္ဒနစလနာကာရေန အပစိတိံ ဒဿေတိ. ဝတ္တံ ကိရေတံ ဗာဠှဂိလာနေနပိ ဝုဍ္ဎတရံ [Pg.122] ဒိသွာ ဥဋ္ဌိတာကာရေန အပစိတိ ဒဿေတဗ္ဗာ. တေန ပန ‘‘မာ စလိ မာ စလီ’’တိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗော, တံ ပန စလနံ ဥဋ္ဌာနာကာရဒဿနံ ဟောတီတိ အာဟ ‘‘ဥဋ္ဌာနာကာရံ ဒဿေတီ’’တိ. သန္တိမာနိ အာသနာနီတိ ပဌမမေဝ ပညတ္ထာသနံ သန္ဓာယ ဝဒတိ. ဗုဒ္ဓကာလသ္မိဉှိ ဧကဿပိ ဘိက္ခုနော ဝသနဋ္ဌာနေ – ‘‘သစေ သတ္ထာ အာဂစ္ဆိဿတိ, အာသနံ ပညတ္တမေဝ ဟောတူ’’တိ အန္တမသော ဖလကမတ္တမ္ပိ ပဏ္ဏသန္ထာရမတ္တမ္ပိ ပညတ္တမေဝ. ခမနီယံ ယာပနီယန္တိ ကစ္စိ ဒုက္ခံ ခမိတုံ, ဣရိယာပထံ ဝါ ယာပေတုံ သက္ကာတိ ပုစ္ဆတိ. သီသဝေဒနာတိ ကုတောစိ နိက္ခမိတုံ အလဘမာနေဟိ ဝါတေဟိ သမုဋ္ဌာပိတာ ဗလဝတိယော သီသဝေဒနာ ဟောန္တိ.

56. In the second sutta, 'samadhosīti' means it trembled all around. It shows reverence in every aspect by way of trembling and shaking movement. It is said to be the custom that even a gravely ill person, upon seeing an elder, should show reverence by making a motion of rising. But that person should be told, 'Do not move, do not move,' for that movement is a showing of the act of rising—hence it is said, 'shows the act of rising.' 'These seats are ready'—here, he speaks referring to the seat already prepared. For in the Buddha's time, in the dwelling place of even a single monk, a seat—even if it were just a plank or a spread of leaves—was always prepared with the thought, 'If the Teacher were to come, let a seat be ready.' 'Is it bearable, is it endurable?'—he asks, 'Is it possible to bear the suffering or to sustain the posture?' 'Pains in the head'—these are severe pains in the head caused by powerful winds arising when they are unable to find any way out.

ဖဂ္ဂုနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Phagguna Sutta is concluded.

၂. ဆဠဘိဇာတိသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

2. The commentary on the Chaḷabhijāti Sutta

၅၇. တတိယေ အဘိဇာတိယောတိ ဧတ္ထ အဘိ-သဒ္ဒေါ ဥပသဂ္ဂမတ္တံ, န အတ္ထဝိသေသဇောတကောတိ အာဟ ‘‘ဆ ဇာတိယော’’တိ. အဘိဇာယတီတိ ဧတ္ထာပိ ဧသေဝ နယော.

57. In the third sutta, regarding 'abhijāti,' the word 'abhi' is merely a prefix, not indicating any special meaning, as it is said, 'six kinds of births.' The same principle applies to 'abhijāyati.'

ဥရဗ္ဘေ ဟနန္တီတိ ဩရဗ္ဘိကာ. ဧဝံ သူကရိကာဒယော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ. ရောဒေန္တိ ကုရုရကမ္မန္တတာယ သပ္ပဋိဗဒ္ဓေ သတ္တေ အဿူနိ မောစေန္တီတိ ရုဒ္ဒါ, တေ ဧဝ လုဒ္ဒါ ရ-ကာရဿ လ-ကာရံ ကတွာ. ဣမိနာ အညေပိ ယေ ကေစိ မာဂဝိကာ နေသာဒါ ဝုတ္တာ, တေ ပါပကမ္မပ္ပသုတတာယ ‘‘ကဏှာဘိဇာတီ’’တိ ဝဒတိ.

They kill sheep, hence they are called sheep-butchers (orabbhikā). Similarly, pig-butchers (sūkarikā) and others should be understood. Because they make creatures connected to them through cruel work cry and shed tears, they are called 'ruddā' (the cruel). These very 'ruddā' are called 'luddā' (hunters) by changing the 'r' sound to an 'l' sound. By this, others such as deer-hunters (māgavikā) and fowlers (nesādā) are also mentioned. Due to their dedication to evil deeds, they are called 'of dark birth.'

ဘိက္ခူတိ စ ဗုဒ္ဓသာသနေ ဘိက္ခူ. တေ ကိရ သစ္ဆန္ဒရာဂေန ပရိဘုဉ္ဇန္တီတိ အဓိပ္ပာယေန စတူသု ပစ္စယေသု ကဏ္ဋကေ ပက္ခိပိတွာ ခါဒန္တီတိ ‘‘ကဏ္ဋကဝုတ္တိကာ’’တိ ဝဒတိ. ကသ္မာတိ စေ? ယသ္မာ တေ ပဏီတေ ပစ္စယေ ပဋိသေဝန္တီတိ တဿ မိစ္ဆာဂါဟော. ဉာယလဒ္ဓေပိ ပစ္စယေ ဘုဉ္ဇမာနာ အာဇီဝကသမယဿ ဝိလောမဂ္ဂါဟိတာယ ပစ္စယေသု ကဏ္ဋကေ ပက္ခိပိတွာ ခါဒန္တိ နာမာတိ ဝဒတီတိ. အထ ဝါ ကဏ္ဋကဝုတ္တိကာ ဧဝံနာမကာ ဧကေ ပဗ္ဗဇိတာ, ယေ သဝိသေသံ အတ္တကိလမထာနုယောဂံ အနုယုတ္တာ. တထာ ဟိ တေ ကဏ္ဋကေ ဝတ္တန္တာ ဝိယ ဟောန္တီတိ ‘‘ကဏ္ဋကဝုတ္တိကာ’’တိ ဝုတ္တာ. ဣမမေဝ စ အတ္ထဝိကပ္ပံ သန္ဓာယာဟ ‘‘ကဏ္ဋကဝုတ္တိကာတိ သမဏာ နာမေတေ’’တိ.

And 'bhikkhus' refers to bhikkhus in the Buddha’s dispensation. He calls them 'thorn-practitioners' with the meaning that, because they enjoy the four requisites with their own craving and desire, it is as if they eat them after inserting thorns. Why is that? Because he has the wrong view that they make use of excellent requisites. He says that even while they are consuming requisites obtained lawfully, due to his own perverse grasp of the Ājīvaka doctrine, it is as if they are eating the requisites after inserting thorns. Alternatively, 'thorn-practitioners' is the name of certain renunciates who are especially devoted to the practice of self-mortification. For indeed, they are as if living amidst thorns; thus they are called 'thorn-practitioners.' It is with reference to this very alternative explanation that it is said: 'These ascetics are called thorn-practitioners.'

လောဟိတာဘိဇာတိ [Pg.123] နာမ နိဂဏ္ဌာ ဧကသာဋကာတိ ဝုတ္တာ. တေ ကိရ ဌတွာ ဘုဉ္ဇနနဟာနပ္ပဋိက္ခေပါဒိဝတသမာယောဂေန ပုရိမေဟိ ဒွီဟိ ပဏ္ဍရတရာ.

The Nigaṇṭhas called Lohitābhijāti (of red birth) are said to wear a single garment. They are said to be whiter than the previous two due to adhering to vows such as eating while standing and refusing to bathe.

အစေလကသာဝကာတိ အာဇီဝကသာဝကေ ဝဒတိ. တေ ကိရ အာဇီဝကလဒ္ဓိယာ သုဝိသုဒ္ဓစိတ္တတာယ နိဂဏ္ဌေဟိပိ ပဏ္ဍရတရာ. ဧဝဉ္စ ကတွာ အတ္တနော ပစ္စယဒါယကေ နိဂဏ္ဌေဟိပိ ဇေဋ္ဌကတရေ ကရောတိ.

The term 'Acelakasāvakā' refers to the disciples of the Ājīvakas. It is said that, due to the Ājīvaka doctrine and their very pure minds, they were even whiter than the Nigaṇṭhas. And having done so, they cause their own supporters to be superior to the Nigaṇṭhas.

အာဇီဝကာ အာဇီဝကိနိယော ‘‘သုက္ကာဘိဇာတီ’’တိ ဝုတ္တာ. တေ ကိရ ပုရိမေဟိ စတူဟိ ပဏ္ဍရတရာ. နန္ဒာဒယော ဟိ တထာရူပံ အာဇီဝကပ္ပဋိပတ္တိံ ဥက္ကံသံ ပါပေတွာ ဌိတာ, တသ္မာ နိဂဏ္ဌေဟိ အာဇီဝကသာဝကေဟိ စ ပဏ္ဍရတရာတိ ‘‘ပရမသုက္ကာဘိဇာတီ’’တိ ဝုတ္တာ.

The Ājīvakas and Ājīvikinīs were called 'Sukkābhijātī' (of white birth). It is said that they were whiter than the previous four. For Nandā and others, having brought such Ājīvaka practices to the highest point, stood out as whiter than the Nigaṇṭhas and the Ājīvaka disciples, hence they were called 'Paramasukkābhijātī' (of supremely white birth).

ဗိလံ ဩလဂ္ဂေယျုန္တိ မံသဘာဂံ နှာရုနာ ဝါ ကေနစိ ဝါ ဂန္ထိတွာ ပုရိသဿ ဟတ္ထေ ဝါ ကေသေ ဝါ ဩလမ္ဗနဝသေန ဗန္ဓေယျုံ. ဣမိနာ သတ္ထဓမ္မံ နာမ ဒဿေတိ. သတ္ထဝါဟော ကိရ မဟာကန္တာရံ ပဋိပန္နော အန္တရာမဂ္ဂေ ဂေါဏေ မတေ မံသံ ဂဟေတွာ သဗ္ဗေသံ သတ္ထိကာနံ ‘‘ဣဒံ ခါဒိတွာ ဧတ္တကံ မူလံ ဒါတဗ္ဗ’’န္တိ ကောဋ္ဌာသံ ဩလမ္ဗတိ. ဂေါဏမံသံ နာမ ခါဒန္တာပိ အတ္ထိ, အခါဒန္တာပိ အတ္ထိ, ခါဒန္တာပိ မူလံ ဒါတုံ သက္ကောန္တာပိ အသက္ကောန္တာပိ. သတ္ထဝါဟော ယေန မူလေန ဂေါဏော ဂဟိတော, တံ မူလံ သတ္ထိကေဟိ ဓာရဏတ္ထံ သဗ္ဗေသံ ဗလက္ကာရေန ကောဋ္ဌာသံ ဒတွာ မူလံ ဂဏှာတိ. အယံ သတ္ထဓမ္မော.

'Bilaṃ olaggeyyunti' means they would tie a piece of meat with sinew or something similar, fastening it to a man's hand or hair so it hangs. This illustrates what is called the 'satthadhamma' (caravan custom). It is said that when a caravan leader traveling through a great wilderness had an ox die along the way, he would take the meat and hang portions for all the caravan members, saying, 'After eating this, so much value must be given.' Some would eat the ox meat, some would not; among those who ate it, some could pay the value, and some could not. The caravan leader, in order to recover from the caravan members the price for which the ox was purchased, would forcibly distribute portions to all and collect the price. This is the caravan custom.

ကဏှာဘိဇာတိယော သမာနောတိ ကဏှေ နီစကုလေ ဇာတော ဟုတွာ. ကဏှဓမ္မန္တိ ပစ္စတ္တေ ဥပယောဂဝစနန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘ကဏှသဘာဝေါ ဟုတွာ အဘိဇာယတီ’’တိ, တံ အန္တောဂဓဟေတုအတ္ထံ ပဒံ, ဥပ္ပာဒေတီတိ အတ္ထော. တသ္မာ ကဏှံ ဓမ္မံ အဘိဇာယတီတိ ကာဠကံ ဒသဒုဿီလျဓမ္မံ ဥပ္ပာဒေတိ. သုက္ကံ ဓမ္မံ အဘိဇာယတီတိ ဧတ္ထာပိ ဣမိနာ နယေန အတ္ထော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. သော ဟိ ‘‘အဟံ ပုဗ္ဗေပိ ပုညာနံ အကတတ္တာ နီစကုလေ နိဗ္ဗတ္တော, ဣဒါနိ ပုညံ ကရိဿာမီ’’တိ ပုညသင်္ခါတံ ပဏ္ဍရဓမ္မံ ကရောတိ.

'Kaṇhābhijātiyo samāno' means being born into a low, dark family. 'Kaṇhadhammanti' is a term of reflexive application, as it is said, 'Being of a dark nature, he is born.' This phrase has an internal causal meaning; the meaning is 'he generates.' Therefore, 'he is born to dark dhammas' means he produces the ten dark states of bad morality. 'He is born to white dhammas'—here too, the meaning should be understood in the same way. For he thinks, 'Because I did no merit in the past, I was born into a low family; now I will do merit,' and thus performs the white dhammas, which are designated as merit.

အကဏှံ အသုက္ကံ နိဗ္ဗာနန္တိ သစေ ကဏှံ ဘဝေယျ, ကဏှဝိပါကံ ဒဒေယျ ယထာ ဒသဝိဓံ ဒုဿီလျဓမ္မံ. သစေ သုက္ကံ, သုက္ကဝိပါကံ ဒဒေယျ ယထာ ဒါနသီလာဒိကုသလကမ္မံ. ဒွိန္နမ္ပိ အပ္ပဒါနတော ‘‘အကဏှံ အသုက္က’’န္တိ ဝုတ္တံ. နိဗ္ဗာနဉ္စ နာမ ဣမသ္မိံ အတ္ထေ အရဟတ္တံ အဓိပ္ပေတံ ‘‘အဘိဇာယတီ’’တိ ဝစနတော[Pg.124]. တဉှိ ကိလေသနိဗ္ဗာနန္တေ ဇာတတ္တာ နိဗ္ဗာနံ နာမ ယထာ ‘‘ရာဂါဒီနံ ခယန္တေ ဇာတတ္တာ ရာဂက္ခယော, ဒေါသက္ခယော, မောဟက္ခယော’’တိ. ပဋိပ္ပဿမ္ဘနဝသေန ဝါ ကိလေသာနံ နိဗ္ဗာပနတော နိဗ္ဗာနံ. တံ ဧသ အဘိဇာယတိ ပသဝတိ. ဣဓာပိ ဟိ အန္တောဂဓဟေတု အတ္ထံ ‘‘ဇာယတီ’’တိ ပဒံ. အဋ္ဌကထာယံ ပန ‘‘ဇာယတီ’’တိ ဣမဿ ပါပုဏာတီဟိ အတ္ထံ ဂဟေတွာဝ ‘‘နိဗ္ဗာနံ ပါပုဏာတီ’’တိ ဝုတ္တံ. သုက္ကာဘိဇာတိယော သမာနောတိ သုက္ကေ ဥစ္စကုလေ ဇာတော ဟုတွာ. သေသမေတ္ထ သုဝိညေယျမေဝ.

Not black, not white, is Nibbāna—if it were black, it would yield a black result like the ten kinds of unwholesome conduct. If it were white, it would yield a white result like wholesome deeds such as generosity and virtue. Because it gives no result of either, it is called 'not black, not white.' Here, Nibbāna refers to Arahantship, as indicated by the term 'abhijāyati' (is born). For it is called Nibbāna because it is born at the extinction of the defilements, just as 'the destruction of lust, the destruction of hatred, and the destruction of delusion' are so called because they are born at their extinction. Alternatively, it is called Nibbāna because of the stilling of the defilements. This (Arahantship) is born or produced. Here, the word 'jāyati' (is born) implies its cause. In the commentary, however, the meaning of 'jāyati' is taken as 'attains,' so it is said, 'one attains Nibbāna.' 'Of bright birth' means having been born in a high or noble family. The rest here is easily understood.

ဆဠဘိဇာတိသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Chaḷabhijāti Sutta is concluded.

၄. အာသဝသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

4. Commentary on the Discourse on the Taints

၅၈. စတုတ္ထေ သံဝရေနာတိ သံဝရေန ဟေတုဘူတေန ဝါ. ဣဓာတိ အယံ ဣဓ-သဒ္ဒေါ သဗ္ဗာကာရတော ဣန္ဒိယသံဝရသံဝုတဿ ပုဂ္ဂလဿ သန္နိဿယဘူတသာသနပရိဒီပနော, အညဿ တထာဘာဝပ္ပဋိသေဓနော ဝါတိ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘ဣဓာတိ ဣဓသ္မိံ သာသနေ’’တိ. ပဋိသင်္ခါတိ ပဋိသင်္ခါယ. သင်္ခါ-သဒ္ဒေါ ဉာဏကောဋ္ဌာသပညတ္တိဂဏနာဒီသု ဒိဿတိ ‘‘သင်္ခါယေကံ ပဋိသေဝတီ’’တိအာဒီသု (မ. နိ. ၂.၁၆၈) ဟိ ဉာဏေ ဒိဿတိ. ‘‘ပပဉ္စသညာသင်္ခါ သမုဒါစရန္တီ’’တိအာဒီသု (မ. နိ. ၁.၂၀၂, ၂၀၄) ကောဋ္ဌာသေ. ‘‘တေသံ တေသံ ဓမ္မာနံ သင်္ခါ သမညာ’’တိအာဒီသု (ဓ. သ. ၁၃၁၃-၁၃၁၅) ပညတ္တိယံ. ‘‘န သုကရံ သင်္ခါတု’’န္တိအာဒီသု (သံ. နိ. ၂.၁၂၈) ဂဏနာယ. ဣဓ ပန ဉာဏေ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗော. တေနေဝါဟ ‘‘ပဋိသဉ္ဇာနိတွာ ပစ္စဝေက္ခိတွာတိ အတ္ထော’’တိ. အာဒီနဝပစ္စဝေက္ခဏာ အာဒီနဝပဋိသင်္ခါတိ ယောဇနာ. သမ္ပလိမဋ္ဌန္တိ ဃံသိတံ. အနုဗျဉ္ဇနသောတိ ဟတ္ထပါဒသိတအာလောကိတဝိလောကိတာဒိပ္ပကာရဘာဂသော. တဉှိ အယောနိသောမနသိကရောတော ကိလေသာနံ အနုဗျဉ္ဇနတော ‘‘အနုဗျဉ္ဇန’’န္တိ ဝုစ္စတိ. နိမိတ္တဂ္ဂါဟောတိ ဣတ္ထိပုရိသနိမိတ္တဿ သုဘနိမိတ္တာဒိကဿ ဝါ ကိလေသဝတ္ထုဘူတဿ နိမိတ္တဿ ဂါဟော. အာဒိတ္တပရိယာယေနာတိ အာဒိတ္တပရိယာယေ (သံ. နိ. ၄.၂၈; မဟာဝ. ၅၄) အာဂတနယေန ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော.

58. In the fourth, 'by restraint' means by restraint as a cause. Here, the word 'here' illuminates the teaching as the foundation for a person restrained with sense-restraint in all aspects, and it denies such a state for others, as stated: 'Here means in this teaching.' 'Reflects' means by reflecting. The term 'saṅkhā' is seen in contexts such as knowledge, categories, designations, and counting. For example, in 'he partakes after reflection,' it refers to knowledge. In 'conceptual proliferations and designations arise,' it refers to categories. In 'the designation and name of these various phenomena,' it refers to designation. In 'it is not easy to count,' it refers to counting. Here, however, it should be understood as knowledge. Hence, it is said: 'It means knowing and reviewing.' The examination of dangers is to be understood as the reflection on dangers. 'Touched' means rubbed. 'Secondary characteristics' refers to aspects such as the movements of hands and feet, smiling, gazing, and so forth. For one who attends improperly, these become the secondary manifestations of defilements; hence, they are called 'secondary characteristics.' 'Grasping at signs' means seizing upon the signs of a woman or man, or any attractive sign that becomes a basis for defilements. 'By the simile of the burning' should be understood according to the method described in the 'Discourse on the Burning' (Saṃyutta Nikāya 4.28; Mahāvagga 54).

ယထာ ဣတ္ထိယာ ဣန္ဒြိယံ ဣတ္ထိန္ဒြိယံ, န ဧဝမိဒံ, ဣဒံ ပန စက္ခုမေဝ ဣန္ဒြိယန္တိ စက္ခုန္ဒြိယံ. တေနာဟ ‘‘စက္ခုမေဝ ဣန္ဒြိယ’’န္တိ. ယထာ အာဝါဋေ နိယတဋ္ဌိတိကော ကစ္ဆပေါ ‘‘အာဝါဋကစ္ဆပေါ’’တိ ဝုစ္စတိ, ဧဝံ တပ္ပဋိဗဒ္ဓဝုတ္တိတာယ တံ ဌာနော [Pg.125] သံဝရော စက္ခုန္ဒြိယသံဝရော. တေနာဟ ‘‘စက္ခုန္ဒြိယေ သံဝရော စက္ခုန္ဒြိယသံဝရော’’တိ. နနု စ စက္ခုန္ဒြိယေ သံဝရော ဝါ အသံဝရော ဝါ နတ္ထိ. န ဟိ စက္ခုပသာဒံ နိဿာယ သတိ ဝါ မုဋ္ဌဿစ္စံ ဝါ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ. အပိစ ယဒါ ရူပါရမ္မဏံ စက္ခုဿ အာပါထံ အာဂစ္ဆတိ, တဒါ ဘဝင်္ဂေ ဒွိက္ခတ္တုံ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇိတွာ နိရုဒ္ဓေ ကိရိယမနောဓာတု အာဝဇ္ဇနကိစ္စံ သာဓယမာနာ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇိတွာ နိရုဇ္ဈတိ. တတော စက္ခုဝိညာဏံ ဒဿနကိစ္စံ, တတော ဝိပါကမနောဓာတု သမ္ပဋိစ္ဆနကိစ္စံ, တတော ဝိပါကမနောဝိညာဏဓာတု သန္တီရဏကိစ္စံ, တတော ကိရိယာဟေတုကမနောဝိညာဏဓာတု ဝေါဋ္ဌဗ္ဗနကိစ္စံ သာဓယမာနာ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇိတွာ နိရုဇ္ဈတိ, တဒနန္တရံ ဇဝနံ ဇဝတိ. တတ္ထာပိ နေဝ ဘဝင်္ဂသမယေ, န အာဝဇ္ဇနာဒီနံ အညတရသမယေ စ သံဝရော ဝါ အသံဝရော ဝါ အတ္ထိ. ဇဝနက္ခဏေ ပန သစေ ဒုဿီလျံ ဝါ မုဋ္ဌဿစ္စံ ဝါ အညာဏံ ဝါ အက္ခန္တိ ဝါ ကောသဇ္ဇံ ဝါ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ, အသံဝရော ဟောတိ. တသ္မိံ ပန သီလာဒီသု ဥပ္ပန္နေသု သံဝရော ဟောတိ, တသ္မာ ‘‘စက္ခုန္ဒြိယေ သံဝရော’’တိ ကသ္မာ ဝုတ္တန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘ဇဝနေ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇမာနောပိ ဟေသ…ပေ… စက္ခုန္ဒြိယသံဝရောတိ ဝုစ္စတီ’’တိ.

Just as the faculty of a woman is called the female faculty, it is not so in this case; here, the eye itself is the faculty, hence it is called the eye faculty. Therefore, it is said, 'the eye itself is the faculty.' Just as a tortoise settled in a pit is called a 'pit-tortoise,' similarly, because its function is bound to that, that state of restraint is the restraint of the eye faculty. Therefore, it is said, 'restraint in the eye faculty is the restraint of the eye faculty.' But is there really restraint or non-restraint in the eye faculty? For neither mindfulness nor lack of mindfulness arises dependent on the eye-sensitivity. Moreover, when a visible object comes into the range of the eye, after the life-continuum has arisen and ceased twice, the functional mind-element arises, accomplishing the function of adverting, and then ceases. After that, eye-consciousness arises, performing the function of seeing; then the resultant mind-element, performing the function of receiving; then the resultant mind-consciousness-element, performing the function of investigating; and then the functional rootless mind-consciousness-element, performing the function of determining—each arises and ceases. Immediately after that, the impulsion (javana) flashes forth. Even then, neither at the time of the life-continuum nor at the time of adverting and so on, is there restraint or non-restraint. However, at the moment of impulsion, if immorality, lack of mindfulness, ignorance, impatience, or laziness arises, there is non-restraint. But if morality and so on arise at that time, there is restraint. Therefore, why is it said, 'restraint in the eye faculty'? It is said, 'Even though it arises in the impulsive moment... it is called the restraint of the eye faculty.'

ဣဒံ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ – ယထာ နဂရေ စတူသု ဒွါရေသု အသံဝုတေသု ကိဉ္စာပိ အန္တောဃရဒွါရကောဋ္ဌကဂဗ္ဘာဒယော သုသံဝုတာ, တထာပိ အန္တောနဂရေ သဗ္ဗံ ဘဏ္ဍံ အရက္ခိတံ အဂေါပိတမေဝ ဟောတိ. နဂရဒွါရေန ဟိ ပဝိသိတွာ စောရာ ယဒိစ္ဆကံ ကရေယျုံ, ဧဝမေဝံ ဇဝနေ ဒုဿီလျာဒီသု ဥပ္ပန္နေသု တသ္မိံ အသံဝရေ သတိ ဒွါရမ္ပိ အဂုတ္တံ ဟောတိ ဘဝင်္ဂမ္ပိ အာဝဇ္ဇနာဒီနိ ဝီထိစိတ္တာနိပိ. ယထာ ပန နဂရဒွါရေသု သံဝုတေသု ကိဉ္စာပိ အန္တောဃရာဒယော အသံဝုတာ, တထာပိ အန္တောနဂရေ သဗ္ဗံ ဘဏ္ဍံ သုရက္ခိတံ သုဂေါပိတမေဝ ဟောတိ. နဂရဒွါရေသု ဟိ ပိဟိတေသု စောရာနံ ပဝေသော နတ္ထိ, ဧဝမေဝံ ဇဝနေ သီလာဒီသု ဥပ္ပန္နေသု ဒွါရမ္ပိ သုဂုတ္တံ ဟောတိ ဘဝင်္ဂမ္ပိ အာဝဇ္ဇနာဒီနိ ဝီထိစိတ္တာနိပိ, တသ္မာ ဇဝနက္ခဏေ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇမာနောပိ စက္ခုန္ဒြိယသံဝရောတိ ဝုတ္တောတိ.

This is what is said: Just as in a city with four gates left unguarded, even though the inner doors, storerooms, and chambers are well-guarded, all goods within the city remain unprotected and unguarded. For thieves can enter through the city gates and do as they please. Similarly, when unwholesome qualities such as immorality arise in the javana, if there is non-restraint, the sense door is unguarded, as are the life-continuum, adverting, and other cognitive process consciousnesses. On the other hand, just as when the city gates are well-guarded, even if the inner rooms and so on are unguarded, all goods within the city remain well-protected and well-guarded. For when the city gates are closed, thieves cannot enter. Similarly, when wholesome qualities such as morality arise in the javana, the sense door is well-guarded, as are the life-continuum, adverting, and other cognitive process consciousnesses. Therefore, it is said that it is 'restraint of the eye faculty' even though it arises at the moment of javana.

သံဝရေန သမန္နာဂတော ပုဂ္ဂလော သံဝုတောတိ အာဟ ‘‘ဥပေတော’’တိ. အယမေဝေတ္ထ အတ္ထော သုန္ဒရတရောတိ ဥပရိ ပါဠိယံ သန္ဒိဿနတော ဝုတ္တံ. တေနာဟ ‘‘တထာ ဟီ’’တိအာဒိ.

A person endowed with restraint is called restrained; thus it is said 'upeto' (meaning 'endowed'). This very meaning here is the more beautiful one, as is evident from its occurrence in the Pāli text above. Therefore, it is said, 'Thus indeed,' and so on.

ယန္တိ အာဒေသောတိ ဣမိနာ လိင်္ဂဝိပလ္လာသေန သဒ္ဓိံ ဝစနဝိပလ္လာသော ကတောတိ ဒဿေတိ, နိပါတပဒံ ဝါ ဧတံ ပုထုဝစနတ္ထံ. ဝိဃာတကရာတိ စိတ္တဝိဃာတကရာ[Pg.126], ကာယစိတ္တဒုက္ခနိဗ္ဗတ္တကာ ဝါ. ယထာဝုတ္တကိလေသဟေတုကာ ဒါဟာနုဗန္ဓာ ဝိပါကာ ဧဝ ဝိပါကပရိဠာဟာ. ယထာ ပနေတ္ထ အာသဝါ အညေ စ ဝိဃာတကရာ ကိလေသပရိဠာဟာ သမ္ဘဝန္တိ, တံ ဒဿေတုံ ‘‘စက္ခုဒွါရသ္မိဉှီ’’တိအာဒိ ဝုတ္တံ. တံ သုဝိညေယျမေဝ. ဧတ္ထ စ သံဝရဏူပါယော, သံဝရိတဗ္ဗံ, သံဝရော, ယတော သော သံဝရော, ယတ္ထ သံဝရော, ယထာ သံဝရော, ယဉ္စ သံဝရဖလန္တိ အယံ ဝိဘာဂေါ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. ကထံ? ‘‘ပဋိသင်္ခါ ယောနိသော’’တိ ဟိ သံဝရဏူပါယော. စက္ခုန္ဒြိယံ သံဝရိတဗ္ဗံ. သံဝရဂ္ဂဟဏေန ဂဟိတာ သတိ သံဝရော. ‘‘အသံဝုတဿာ’’တိ သံဝရဏာဝဓိ. အသံဝရတော ဟိ သံဝရဏံ. သံဝရိတဗ္ဗဂ္ဂဟဏသိဒ္ဓေါ ဣဓ သံဝရဝိသယော. စက္ခုန္ဒြိယဉှိ သံဝရဏံ ဉာဏံ ရူပါရမ္မဏေ သံဝရယတီတိ အဝုတ္တသိဒ္ဓေါယမတ္ထော. အာသဝတန္နိမိတ္တကိလေသပရိဠာဟာဘာဝေါ ဖလံ. ဧဝံ သောတဒွါရာဒီသု ယောဇေတဗ္ဗံ. သဗ္ဗတ္ထေဝါတိ မနောဒွါရေ ပဉ္စဒွါရေ စာတိ သဗ္ဗသ္မိံ ဒွါရေ.

"Yanti ādesoti" – This shows that an inversion of number has been made along with an inversion of gender. Alternatively, this is a particle used in the sense of plurality. "Vighātakarāti" – Causing distress to the mind, or producing suffering in body and mind. The results, connected with burning and caused by the aforementioned defilements, are themselves the torments of results. And here, to show that taints and other distress-causing torments of defilements arise, it is said, "In the eye-door," and so on. This is easily understood. Here, this distinction should be understood: the means of restraint, what should be restrained, restraint, from what that restraint arises, where restraint is, how restraint is, and what the fruit of restraint is. How? "Reflecting wisely" is the means of restraint. The eye faculty should be restrained. Mindfulness, which is grasped through the term 'restraint', is restraint itself. "For one who is unrestrained" is the limit for restraint, for restraint is from non-restraint. Here, the object of restraint is established by grasping what should be restrained. For the eye faculty is what is to be restrained, and knowledge restrains in regard to a form-object—this meaning is established though not explicitly stated. The absence of the torments of defilements that are signs of taints is the fruit. In the same way, this should be applied to the ear-door and so on. "Sabbatthevāti" – In every case, meaning in the mind-door and the five sense-doors—in every door.

ပဋိသင်္ခါ ယောနိသော စီဝရန္တိအာဒီသု ‘‘သီတဿ ပဋိဃာတာယာ’’တိအာဒိနာ ပစ္စဝေက္ခဏမေဝ ယောနိသော ပဋိသင်္ခါ. ဤဒိသန္တိ ဧဝရူပံ ဣဋ္ဌာရမ္မဏံ. ဘဝပတ္ထနာယ အဿာဒယတောတိ ဘဝပတ္ထနာမုခေန ဘာဝိတံ အာရမ္မဏံ အဿာဒေန္တဿ. စီဝရန္တိ နိဝါသနာဒိ ယံ ကိဉ္စိစီဝရံ. ပဋိသေဝတီတိ နိဝါသနာဒိဝသေန ပရိဘုဉ္ဇတိ. ယာဝဒေဝါတိ ပယောဇနပရိမာဏနိယမနံ. သီတပ္ပဋိဃာတာဒိယေဝ ဟိ ယောဂိနော စီဝရပ္ပဋိသေဝနပ္ပယောဇနံ. သီတဿာတိ သီတဓာတုက္ခောဘတော ဝါ ဥတုပရိဏာမတော ဝါ ဥပ္ပန္နဿ သီတဿ. ပဋိဃာတာယာတိ ပဋိဃာတနတ္ထံ တပ္ပစ္စယဿ ဝိကာရဿ ဝိနောဒနတ္ထံ. ဥဏှဿာတိ အဂ္ဂိသန္တာပတော ဥပ္ပန္နဿ ဥဏှဿ. ဍံသာဒယော ပါကဋာယေဝ. ပုန ယာဝဒေဝါတိ နိယတပ္ပယောဇနပရိမာဏနိယမနံ. နိယတဉှိ ပယောဇနံ စီဝရံ ပဋိသေဝန္တဿ ဟိရိကောပီနပ္ပဋိစ္ဆာဒနံ, ဣတရံ ကဒါစိ. ဟိရိကောပီနန္တိ သမ္ဗာဓဋ္ဌာနံ. ယသ္မိဉှိ အင်္ဂေ ဝိဝဋေ ဟိရီ ကုပ္ပတိ ဝိနဿတိ, တံ ဟိရိယာ ကောပနတော ဟိရိကောပီနံ, တံပဋိစ္ဆာဒနတ္ထံ စီဝရံ ပဋိသေဝတိ.

Reflecting wisely on the robe and so forth: the very reflection, 'for the warding off of cold,' and so on, is wise reflection. Such means such a pleasing object. For the sake of desiring existence, one savors: this refers to one who savors an object developed by way of the aspiration for existence. Robe means any kind of robe, such as a lower garment. One uses means one wears it as a lower garment and so on. Only for: this is the limitation of the extent of the purpose. For a yogi, the purpose of using a robe is indeed only for the warding off of cold and so on. Of cold: of the cold that has arisen from a disturbance of the cold element or from a change of season. For warding off: for the purpose of warding off, for the purpose of dispelling the affliction caused by it. Of heat: of the heat that has arisen from the heat of a fire. Gadflies and so on are self-evident. Again, only for: this is the limitation of the extent of the definite purpose. For one using a robe, the definite purpose is the covering of the private parts; the other is occasional. Private parts means the shameful place. For when that limb is exposed, modesty is agitated and is lost; because it agitates modesty, it is called the 'agitator of modesty' (hirikopīna). One uses the robe for the purpose of covering that.

ပိဏ္ဍပါတန္တိ ယံ ကိဉ္စိ အာဟာရံ. သော ဟိ ပိဏ္ဍောလျေန ဘိက္ခုနော ပတ္တေ ပတနတော, တတ္ထ တတ္ထ လဒ္ဓဘိက္ခာပိဏ္ဍာနံ ပါတော သန္နိပါတောတိ ဝါ ‘‘ပိဏ္ဍပါတော’’တိ ဝုစ္စတိ. နေဝ ဒဝါယာတိ န ကီဠနာယ. န မဒါယာတိ န ဗလမဒမာနမဒပုရိသမဒတ္ထံ. န မဏ္ဍနာယာတိ န အင်္ဂပစ္စင်္ဂါနံ ပီဏနဘာဝတ္ထံ. န ဝိဘူသနာယာတိ န တေသံယေဝ သောဘတ္ထံ, ဆဝိသမ္ပတ္တိအတ္ထန္တိ အတ္ထော[Pg.127]. ဣမာနိ ယထာက္ကမံ မောဟဒေါသသဏ္ဌာနဝဏ္ဏရာဂူပနိဿယပ္ပဟာနတ္ထာနိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာနိ. ပုရိမံ ဝါ ဒွယံ အတ္တနော သံကိလေသုပ္ပတ္တိနိသေဓနတ္ထံ, ဣတရံ ပရဿပိ. စတ္တာရိပိ ကာမသုခလ္လိကာနုယောဂဿ ပဟာနတ္ထံ ဝုတ္တာနီတိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာနိ. ကာယဿာတိ ရူပကာယဿ. ဌိတိယာ ယာပနာယာတိ ပဗန္ဓဋ္ဌိတတ္ထဉ္စေဝ ပဝတ္တိယာ အဝိစ္ဆေဒနတ္ထဉ္စ, စိရကာလဋ္ဌိတတ္ထံ ဇီဝိတိန္ဒြိယဿ ပဝတ္တာပနတ္ထံ. ဝိဟိံသူပရတိယာတိ ဇိဃစ္ဆာဒုက္ခဿ ဥပရမတ္ထံ. ဗြဟ္မစရိယာနုဂ္ဂဟာယာတိ သာသနမဂ္ဂဗြဟ္မစရိယာနံ အနုဂ္ဂဏှနတ္ထံ. ဣတီတိ ဧဝံ ဣမိနာ ဥပါယေန. ပုရာဏဉ္စ ဝေဒနံ ပဋိဟင်္ခါမီတိ ပုရာဏံ အဘုတ္တပစ္စယာ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇနကဝေဒနံ ပဋိဟနိဿာမိ. နဝဉ္စ ဝေဒနံ န ဥပ္ပာဒေဿာမီတိ နဝံ ဘုတ္တပစ္စယာ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇနကဝေဒနံ န ဥပ္ပာဒေဿာမိ. တဿာ ဟိ အနုပ္ပဇ္ဇနတ္ထမေဝ အာဟာရံ ပရိဘုဉ္ဇတိ. ဧတ္ထ အဘုတ္တပစ္စယာ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇနကဝေဒနာ နာမ ယထာဝုတ္တဇိဃစ္ဆာနိမိတ္တာ ဝေဒနာ. သာ ဟိ အဘုဉ္ဇန္တဿ ဘိယျော ဘိယျောပဝဍ္ဎနဝသေန ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ, ဘုတ္တပစ္စယာ အနုပ္ပဇ္ဇနကဝေဒနာပိ ခုဒါနိမိတ္တာဝ အင်္ဂဒါဟသူလာဒိဝေဒနာ အပ္ပဝတ္တာ. သာ ဟိ ဘုတ္တပစ္စယာ အနုပ္ပန္နာဝ န ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇိဿတိ. ဝိဟိံသာနိမိတ္တတာ စေတာသံ ဝိဟိံသာယ ဝိသေသော.

Almsfood means any kind of food. It is called 'almsfood' (piṇḍapāta) either because of the falling (pāta) of lumps (piṇḍa) into the monk's bowl, or because it is a gathering (pāta) of alms-lumps obtained here and there. Not for amusement means not for play. Not for intoxication means not for the intoxication of strength, the intoxication of conceit, or the intoxication of manhood. Not for beautification means not for the purpose of making the major and minor limbs plump. Not for adornment means not for their beauty, that is, for the sake of perfecting the complexion. These should be understood as being, respectively, for the purpose of abandoning the supporting conditions for delusion, hatred, lust for form, and lust for appearance. The first two are for preventing the arising of one's own defilements; the others, for those of others. All four should be understood as being stated for the purpose of abandoning indulgence in sensual pleasure. Of this body means of the physical body. For its maintenance and sustenance means for the purpose of its continuous existence and for the non-interruption of its process; for its lasting for a long time and for causing the life faculty to proceed. For the cessation of harm means for the purpose of ending the suffering of hunger. For supporting the holy life means for supporting the holy life of the Dispensation and the Path. Thus means in this way. I will ward off the old feeling: I will ward off the old feeling that arises from the condition of not having eaten. And I will not produce a new feeling: I will not produce a new feeling that arises from the condition of having eaten. For one consumes food for the very purpose of its non-arising. Here, the feeling that arises from the condition of not having eaten is the feeling caused by hunger as described. For one who does not eat, it arises by way of increasing more and more. The feeling that does not arise conditioned by having eaten is also the un-arisen feeling caused by hunger, such as bodily burning, stabbing pains, and so on. For that, being unarisen due to the condition of having eaten, will not arise. The fact that these are caused by affliction is their distinction from affliction.

ယာတြာ စ မေ ဘဝိဿတီတိ ယာပနာ စ မေ စတုန္နံ ဣရိယာပထာနံ ဘဝိဿတိ. ‘‘ယာပနာယာ’’တိ ဣမိနာ ဇီဝိတိန္ဒြိယယာပနာ ဝုတ္တာ, ဣဓ စတုန္နံ ဣရိယာပထာနံ အဝိစ္ဆေဒသင်္ခါတာ ယာပနာတိ အယမေတာသံ ဝိသေသော. အနဝဇ္ဇတာ စ ဖာသုဝိဟာရော စာတိ အယုတ္တပရိယေသနပ္ပဋိဂ္ဂဟဏပရိဘောဂပရိဝဇ္ဇနေန အနဝဇ္ဇတာ, ပရိမိတပရိဘောဂေန ဖာသုဝိဟာရော. အသပ္ပာယာပရိမိတဘောဇနပစ္စယာ အရတိတန္ဒီဝိဇမ္ဘိတာဝိညုဂရဟာဒိဒေါသာဘာဝေန ဝါ အနဝဇ္ဇတာ. သပ္ပာယပရိမိတဘောဇနပစ္စယာ ကာယဗလသမ္ဘဝေန ဖာသုဝိဟာရော. ယာဝဒတ္ထံ ဥဒရာဝဒေဟကဘောဇနပရိဝဇ္ဇနေန ဝါ သေယျသုခပဿသုခမိဒ္ဓသုခါဒီနံ အဘာဝတော အနဝဇ္ဇတာ. စတုပဉ္စာလောပမတ္တဦနဘောဇနေန စတုဣရိယာပထယောဂျတာပါဒနတော ဖာသုဝိဟာရော. ဝုတ္တဉှေတံ –

And there will be maintenance for me means: and there will be sustenance of the four postures for me. By 'for sustenance' (yāpanāya), the sustenance of the life faculty was stated; here, sustenance is described as the non-interruption of the four postures—this is the distinction between them. And blamelessness and a comfortable abiding: blamelessness is through the avoidance of improper seeking, accepting, and consuming; a comfortable abiding is through moderate consumption. Or, blamelessness is through the absence of the faults of discontent, lethargy, yawning, censure by the wise, and so on, which are conditioned by unsuitable and immoderate eating. A comfortable abiding is through the arising of bodily strength conditioned by suitable and moderate eating. Or, blamelessness is from the absence of the pleasure of lying down, the pleasure of lying on one's side, the pleasure of torpor, and so on, through avoiding eating to fill the belly. A comfortable abiding is from producing suitability for the four postures by eating four or five morsels less. As it is said:

‘‘စတ္တာရော ပဉ္စ အာလောပေ, အဘုတွာ ဥဒကံ ပိဝေ;

အလံ ဖာသုဝိဟာရာယ, ပဟိတတ္တဿ ဘိက္ခုနော’’တိ. (ထေရဂါ. ၉၈၃;

မိ. ပ. ၆.၅.၁၀);

Having left four or five morsels uneaten, one should drink water; this is sufficient for the comfortable abiding of a monk with a resolute mind.

ဧတ္တာဝတာ [Pg.128] စ ပယောဇနပရိဂ္ဂဟော, မဇ္ဈိမာ စ ပဋိပဒါ ဒီပိတာ ဟောတိ. ယာတြာ စ မေ ဘဝိဿတီတိ ပယောဇနပရိဂ္ဂဟဒီပနာ. ယာတြာ ဟိ နံ အာဟာရူပယောဂံ ပယောဇေတိ. ဓမ္မိကသုခါပရိစ္စာဂဟေတုကော ဖာသုဝိဟာရော မဇ္ဈိမာ ပဋိပဒါ အန္တဒွယပရိဝဇ္ဇနတော.

By this much, the grasping of the purpose and the Middle Way are shown. And there will be maintenance for me is the showing of the grasping of the purpose. For maintenance indeed directs one to the use of food. The comfortable abiding, which is caused by the non-abandonment of righteous happiness, is the Middle Way, because it avoids the two extremes.

သေနာသနန္တိ သေနဉ္စ အာသနဉ္စ. ယတ္ထ ဝိဟာရာဒိကေ သေတိ နိပဇ္ဇတိ အာသတိ နိသီဒတိ, တံ သေနာသနံ. ဥတုပရိဿယဝိနောဒနပ္ပဋိသလ္လာနာရာမတ္ထန္တိ ဥတုယေဝ ပရိသဟနဋ္ဌေန ပရိဿယော သရီရာဗာဓစိတ္တဝိက္ခေပကရော, တဿ ဝိနောဒနတ္ထံ, အနုပ္ပန္နဿ အနုပ္ပာဒနတ္ထံ, ဥပ္ပန္နဿ ဝူပသမနတ္ထဉ္စာတိ အတ္ထော. အထ ဝါ ယထာဝုတ္တော ဥတု စ သီဟဗျဂ္ဃာဒိပါကဋပရိဿယော စ ရာဂဒေါသာဒိပဋိစ္ဆန္နပရိဿယော စ ဥတုပရိဿယော, တဿ ဝိနောဒနတ္ထဉ္စေဝ ဧကီဘာဝဖာသုကတ္ထဉ္စ. စီဝရပ္ပဋိသေဝနေ ဟိရီကောပီနပ္ပဋိစ္ဆာဒနံ ဝိယ တံ နိယတပယောဇနန္တိ ပုန ‘‘ယာဝဒေဝါ’’တိ ဝုတ္တံ.

Lodging means both a resting place and a seat. That wherein, in a monastery and so on, one lies down, reclines, or sits, is a lodging. For dispelling the dangers of the climate and for delight in seclusion: the climate itself is a danger (parissaya) in the sense that it is oppressive, causing bodily affliction and mental distraction; the purpose is to dispel it, meaning to prevent the unarisen from arising and to calm the arisen. Or, the dangers of the climate (utuparissaya) are the climate as described, the manifest dangers from lions, tigers, and so on, and the concealed dangers of lust, hatred, and so on; the purpose is both to dispel them and for the sake of comfort in solitude. Just as covering the private parts is the definite purpose when using the robe, so this is its definite purpose; therefore it is again said, 'only for'.

ဂိလာနပစ္စယဘေသဇ္ဇပရိက္ခာရန္တိ ရောဂဿ ပစ္စနီကပ္ပဝတ္တိယာ ဂိလာနပစ္စယော, တတော ဧဝ ဘိသက္ကဿ အနုညာတဝတ္ထုတာယ ဘေသဇ္ဇံ, ဇီဝိတဿ ပရိဝါရသမ္ဘာရဘာဝေဟိ ပရိက္ခာရော စာတိ ဂိလာနပစ္စယဘေသဇ္ဇပရိက္ခာရော, တံ. ဝေယျာဗာဓိကာနန္တိ ဝေယျာဗာဓတော ဓာတုက္ခောဘတော စ တံနိဗ္ဗတ္တကုဋ္ဌဂဏ္ဍပီဠကာဒိရောဂတော ဥပ္ပန္နာနံ. ဝေဒနာနန္တိ ဒုက္ခဝေဒနာနံ. အဗျာဗဇ္ဈပရမတာယာတိ နိဒ္ဒုက္ခပရမဘာဝါယ. ယာဝ တံ ဒုက္ခံ သဗ္ဗံ ပဟီနံ ဟောတိ, တာဝ ပဋိသေဝါမီတိ ယောဇနာ. ဧဝမေတ္ထ သင်္ခေပေနေဝ ပါဠိဝဏ္ဏနာ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ. နဝဝေဒနုပ္ပာဒတောပီတိ န ကေဝလံ အာယတိံ ဧဝ ဝိပါကပရိဠာဟာ, အထ ခေါ အတိဘောဇနပစ္စယာ အလံသာဋကာဒီနံ ဝိယ နဝဝေဒနုပ္ပာဒတောပိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ.

The requisite of medicine as a support for the sick: it is a support for the sick (gilānapaccayo) by counteracting illness; it is medicine (bhesajjaṃ) because it is a substance permitted by a physician; and it is a requisite (parikkhāro) because it is an accessory and provision for life. Of those arising from affliction: of those that have arisen from diseases such as leprosy, boils, and abscesses, which are produced from affliction and from a disturbance of the elements. Of feelings: of painful feelings. For the supreme state of non-affliction: for the supreme state of being without suffering. The construction is: 'I will use it until all that suffering is abandoned.' Thus, the explanation of the Pāli should be understood here in brief. From the arising of a new feeling: it should be understood not only as the future fever of result, but also as the arising of a new feeling conditioned by overeating, like that from unsuitable clothing and so on.

ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနိကဿ စလနံ နာမ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနပရိစ္စာဂေါတိ အာဟ ‘‘စလတိ ကမ္ပတိ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ ဝိဇဟတီ’’တိ. ‘‘ခမော ဟောတိ သီတဿ ဥဏှဿာ’’တိ ဧတ္ထ စ လောမသနာဂတ္ထေရဿ ဝတ္ထု ကထေတဗ္ဗံ. ထေရော ကိရ စေတိယပဗ္ဗတေ ပိယင်္ဂုဂုဟာယ ပဓာနဃရေ ဝိဟရန္တော အန္တရဋ္ဌကေ ဟိမပါတသမယေ လောကန္တရိကနိရယံ ပစ္စဝေက္ခိတွာ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ အဝိဇဟန္တောဝ အဗ္ဘောကာသေ ဝီတိနာမေသိ. ဂိမှသမယေ စ ပစ္ဆာဘတ္တံ ဗဟိစင်္ကမေ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ မနသိကရောတော သေဒါပိဿ ကစ္ဆေဟိ မုစ္စန္တိ. အထ နံ အန္တေဝါသိကော အာဟ – ‘‘ဣဓ, ဘန္တေ, နိသီဒထ, သီတလော ဩကာသော’’တိ. ထေရော ‘‘ဥဏှဘယေနေဝမှိ, အာဝုသော, ဣဓ နိသိန္နော’’တိ အဝီစိမဟာနိရယံ ပစ္စဝေက္ခိတွာ [Pg.129] နိသီဒိယေဝ. ဥဏှန္တိ စေတ္ထ အဂ္ဂိသန္တာပေါဝ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော သူရိယသန္တာပဿ ပရတော ဝုစ္စမာနတ္တာ. သူရိယသန္တာပဝသေန ပနေတံ ဝတ္ထု ဝုတ္တံ.

For one who practices a meditation subject, wavering means abandoning the meditation subject, as it is said: 'It wavers, it shakes, the meditation subject is abandoned.' Regarding 'He is able to endure cold and heat'—here the story of the Elder Lomasanāga should be told. The elder, it is said, while dwelling in a striving-hut at the Piyaṅgu Cave on Cetiyapabbata, during the eight-day cold spell when snow was falling, reflected on the interspace hell without abandoning his meditation subject and spent the time in the open. And in the summer, after his meal, while attending to his meditation subject on the outer walking path, sweat poured from his armpits. Then his attendant said to him, 'Venerable sir, sit here, the place is cool.' The elder replied, 'Friend, it is precisely out of fear of the heat that I am sitting here,' and after reflecting on the Avīci great hell, he sat down right there. Here, 'heat' should be understood as the torment of fire, for the sun's heat is spoken of later. But this story is told in the context of the sun's heat.

ယော စ ဒွေ တယော ဝါရေ ဘတ္တံ ဝါ ပါနီယံ ဝါ အလဘမာနောပိ အနမတဂ္ဂေ သံသာရေ အတ္တနော ပေတ္တိဝိသယူပပတ္တိံ ပစ္စဝေက္ခိတွာ အဝေဓန္တော ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ န ဝိဇဟတိယေဝ. ဍံသမကသဝါတာတပသမ္ဖဿေဟိ ဖုဋ္ဌော စေပိ တိရစ္ဆာနူပပတ္တိံ ပစ္စဝေက္ခိတွာ အဝေဓန္တော ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ န ဝိဇဟတိယေဝ. သရီသပသမ္ဖဿေန ဖုဋ္ဌော စာပိ အနမတဂ္ဂေ သံသာရေ သီဟဗျဂ္ဃာဒိမုခေသု အနေကဝါရံ ပရိဝတ္တိတပုဗ္ဗဘာဝံ ပစ္စဝေက္ခိတွာ အဝေဓန္တော ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ န ဝိဇဟတိယေဝ ပဓာနိယတ္ထေရော ဝိယ, အယံ ‘‘ခမော ဇိဃစ္ဆာယ…ပေ… သရီသပသမ္ဖဿာန’’န္တိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. ထေရံ ကိရ ခဏ္ဍစေလဝိဟာရေ ကဏိကာရပဓာနိယဃရေ အရိယဝံသဓမ္မံ သုဏန္တညေဝ ဃောရဝိသော သပ္ပော ဍံသိ. ထေရော ဇာနိတွာပိ ပသန္နစိတ္တော နိသိန္နော ဓမ္မံယေဝ သုဏာတိ, ဝိသဝေဂေါ ထဒ္ဓေါ အဟောသိ. ထေရော ဥပသမ္ပဒမာဠံ အာဒိံ ကတွာ သီလံ ပစ္စဝေက္ခိတွာ ‘‘ဝိသုဒ္ဓသီလောမှီ’’တိ ပီတိံ ဥပ္ပာဒေသိ, သဟ ပီတုပ္ပာဒါ ဝိသံ နိဝတ္တိတွာ ပထဝိံ ပါဝိသိ. ထေရော တတ္ထေဝ စိတ္တေကဂ္ဂတံ လဘိတွာ ဝိပဿနံ ဝဍ္ဎေတွာ အရဟတ္တံ ပါပုဏိ.

And he who, even when not obtaining food or drink for two or three times, reflects on his rebirth in the realm of spirits in the beginningless cycle of rebirths and, unshaken, does not abandon his meditation subject; and who, even when touched by gadflies, mosquitoes, wind, and the sun's heat, reflects on rebirth as an animal and, unshaken, does not abandon his meditation subject; and who, even when touched by a reptile, reflects on his former state of having been turned over countless times in the mouths of lions, tigers, and so on in the beginningless cycle of rebirths and, unshaken, does not abandon his meditation subject, like the striving elder—this one is to be understood as ‘one who is patient with hunger… and the touch of reptiles.’ It is said that while the elder was listening to the Dhamma of the Noble Lineage in the Kaṇikāra striving-house at Khaṇḍacelavihāra, a highly venomous snake bit him. Though aware of it, the elder, with a serene mind, remained seated and continued listening to the Dhamma. The force of the venom was arrested. The elder, reflecting on his virtue from his higher ordination onwards, gave rise to joy, thinking, ‘I am one of purified virtue.’ With the arising of joy, the venom receded and entered the earth. Right there, the elder attained one-pointedness of mind, developed insight, and reached arahantship.

ယော ပန အက္ကောသဝသေန ဒုရုတ္တေ ဒုရုတ္တတ္တာယေဝ စ ဒုရာဂတေ အပိ အန္တိမဝတ္ထုသညိတေ ဝစနပထေ သုတွာ ခန္တိဂုဏံယေဝ ပစ္စဝေက္ခိတွာ န ဝေဓတိ ဒီဃဘာဏကအဘယတ္ထေရော ဝိယ, အယံ ‘‘ခမော ဒုရုတ္တာနံ ဒုရာဂတာနံ ဝစနပထာန’’န္တိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. ထေရော ကိရ ပစ္စယသန္တောသဘာဝနာရာမတာယ မဟာအရိယဝံသပ္ပဋိပဒံ ကထေသိ, သဗ္ဗော မဟာဂါမော အာဂစ္ဆတိ, ထေရဿ မဟာသက္ကာရော ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇိ. တံ အညတရော မဟာထေရော အဓိဝါသေတုံ အသက္ကောန္တော ‘‘ဒီဃဘာဏကော ‘အရိယဝံသံ ကထေမီ’တိ သဗ္ဗရတ္တိံ ကောလာဟလံ ကရောတီ’’တိအာဒီဟိ အက္ကောသိ. ဥဘောပိ စ အတ္တနော အတ္တနော ဝိဟာရံ ဂစ္ဆန္တာ ဂါဝုတမတ္တံ ဧကပထေန အဂမံသု. သကလဂါဝုတမ္ပိ သော တံ အက္ကောသိယေဝ. တတော ယတ္ထ ဒွိန္နံ ဝိဟာရာနံ မဂ္ဂေါ ဘိဇ္ဇတိ, တတ္ထ ဌတွာ ဒီဃဘာဏကတ္ထေရော တံ ဝန္ဒိတွာ ‘‘ဧသော, ဘန္တေ, တုမှာကံ မဂ္ဂေါ’’တိ အာဟ. သော အဿုဏန္တော [Pg.130] ဝိယ အဂမာသိ. ထေရောပိ ဝိဟာရံ ဂန္တွာ ပါဒေ ပက္ခာလေတွာ နိသီဒိ. တမေနံ အန္တေဝါသိကော ‘‘ကိံ, ဘန္တေ, သကလဂါဝုတံ ပရိဘာသန္တံ န ကိဉ္စိ အဝေါစုတ္ထာ’’တိ အာဟ. ထေရော ‘‘ခန္တိယေဝါဝုသော, မယှံ ဘာရော, န အက္ခန္တိ, ဧကပဒုဒ္ဓါရေပိ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနဝိယောဂံ န ပဿာမီ’’တိ အာဟ.

But he who, upon hearing harsh words spoken as abuse, and offensive words that are simply harsh, even paths of speech designated as a matter of final defeat, reflects only on the virtue of patience and does not tremble, like Elder Abhaya the Dīgha-reciter, he is to be understood as ‘one who endures harsh and offensive paths of speech.’ It is said that the Elder, due to his delight in developing contentment with requisites, taught the practice of the Great Noble Lineage. The entire great village came, and great honor arose for the Elder. Another great elder, unable to endure it, reviled him, saying, 'This Dīgha-reciter, saying “I will teach the noble lineage,” makes a commotion all night long,' and so on. Both, going to their respective monasteries, traveled together along a single path for about a gāvuta. Throughout that entire gāvuta, he kept reviling him. Then, where the path forked for the two monasteries, Elder Dīghabhāṇaka stood, paid respects to him, and said, 'Venerable sir, this is your path.' He went on as if not hearing. The Elder, having gone to his monastery, washed his feet and sat down. His attendant asked him, 'Venerable sir, why did you not say anything while he was reviling you for the entire gāvuta?' The Elder replied, 'Friend, patience is my burden, not impatience. Even in uttering a single word in response, I see no separation from my meditation subject.'

ဝစနမေဝ တဒတ္ထံ ဉာပေတုကာမာနဉ္စ ပထော ဥပါယောတိ အာဟ ‘‘ဝစနမေဝ ဝစနပထော’’တိ. အသုခဋ္ဌေန ဝါ တိဗ္ဗာ. ယဉှိ န သုခံ, တံ အနိဋ္ဌံ တိဗ္ဗန္တိ ဝုစ္စတိ. အဓိဝါသကဇာတိကော ဟောတီတိ ယထာဝုတ္တဝေဒနာနံ အဓိဝါသကသဘာဝေါ ဟောတိ. စိတ္တလပဗ္ဗတေ ပဓာနိယတ္ထေရဿ ကိရ ရတ္တိံ ပဓာနေန ဝီတိနာမေတွာ ဌိတဿ ဥဒရဝါတော ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ. သော တံ အဓိဝါသေတုံ အသက္ကောန္တော အာဝတ္တတိ ပရိဝတ္တတိ. တမေနံ စင်္ကမနပဿေ ဌိတော ပိဏ္ဍပါတိယတ္ထေရော အာဟ – ‘‘အာဝုသော, ပဗ္ဗဇိတော နာမ အဓိဝါသနသီလော ဟောတီ’’တိ. သော ‘‘သာဓု, ဘန္တေ’’တိ အဓိဝါသေတွာ နိစ္စလော သယိ. ဝါတော နာဘိတော ယာဝ ဟဒယံ ဖာလေသိ. ထေရော ဝေဒနံ ဝိက္ခမ္ဘေတွာ ဝိပဿန္တော မုဟုတ္တေန အနာဂါမီ ဟုတွာ ပရိနိဗ္ဗာယိ. ဧဝံ သဗ္ဗတ္ထာတိ ‘‘ဥဏှေန ဖုဋ္ဌဿ သီတံ ပတ္ထယတော’’တိအာဒိနာ သဗ္ဗတ္ထ ဥဏှာဒိနိမိတ္တံ ကာမာသဝုပ္ပတ္တိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ. နတ္ထိ သုဂတိဘဝေ သီတံ ဝါ ဥဏှံ ဝါတိ အနိဋ္ဌံ သီတံ ဝါ ဥဏှံ ဝါ နတ္ထီတိ အဓိပ္ပာယော. အတ္တဂ္ဂါဟေ သတိ အတ္တနိယဂ္ဂါဟောတိ အာဟ ‘‘မယှံ သီတံ ဥဏှန္တိ ဂါဟော ဒိဋ္ဌာသဝေါ’’တိ.

The word itself is the path and means for those who wish to convey that meaning; hence it is said, 'The word itself is the path of speech.' Or, words are intense in the sense of being unpleasant. For what is not pleasant is called undesirable and intense. He is of a patient nature—meaning he has the inherent quality of enduring the aforementioned feelings. It is said that on Cittalapabbata, for a striving elder who had spent the night in exertion, abdominal wind arose. Unable to endure it, he tossed and turned. Then, the alms-gathering elder who was standing on the nearby walking path said to him, 'Friend, one who has gone forth is by nature patient.' He replied, 'Very well, venerable sir,' and enduring it, lay down motionless. The wind split him from the navel up to the heart. The elder, suppressing the pain and practicing insight, in a moment became a non-returner and passed away. Thus, in all cases—as in 'one touched by heat longs for cold' and so on—the sign of heat, etc., should be understood as the arising of the taint of sensual desire. In a fortunate rebirth, there is no cold or heat—meaning there is no undesirable cold or heat. When there is grasping of self, there is grasping of what belongs to self—hence it is said, 'The grasping “my cold, my heat” is the taint of wrong view.'

အဟံ သမဏောတိ ‘‘အဟံ သမဏော, ကိံ မမ ဇီဝိတေန ဝါ မရဏေန ဝါ’’တိ ဧဝံ စိန္တေတွာတိ အဓိပ္ပာယော. ပစ္စဝေက္ခိတွာတိ ဂါမပ္ပဝေသပ္ပယောဇနာဒိဉ္စ ပစ္စဝေက္ခိတွာ. ပဋိက္ကမတီတိ ဟတ္ထိအာဒီနံ သမီပဂမနတော အပက္ကမတိ. ဌာယန္တိ ဧတ္ထာတိ ဌာနံ, ကဏ္ဋကာနံ ဌာနံ ကဏ္ဋကဋ္ဌာနံ, ယတ္ထ ကဏ္ဋကာနိ သန္တိ, တံ ဩကာသန္တိ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ. အမနုဿဒုဋ္ဌာနီတိ အမနုဿသဉ္စာရေန ဒူသိတာနိ, သပရိဿယာနီတိ အတ္ထော. အနိယတဝတ္ထုဘူတန္တိ အနိယတသိက္ခာပဒဿ ကာရဏဘူတံ. ဝေသိယာဒိဘေဒတောတိ ဝေသိယာဝိဓဝါထုလ္လကုမာရိကာပဏ္ဍကပါနာဂါရဘိက္ခုနိဘေဒတော. သမာနန္တိ သမံ, အဝိသမန္တိ အတ္ထော. အကာသိ ဝါတိ တာဒိသံ အနာစာရံ အကာသိ ဝါ. သီလသံဝရသင်္ခါတေနာတိ ကထံ ပရိဝဇ္ဇနံ သီလံ? အနာသနပရိဝဇ္ဇနေန ဟိ [Pg.131] အနာစာရပရိဝဇ္ဇနံ ဝုတ္တံ. အနာစာရာဂေါစရပရိဝဇ္ဇနံ စာရိတ္တသီလတာယ သီလသံဝရော. တထာ ဟိ ဘဂဝတာ ‘‘ပါတိမောက္ခသံဝရသံဝုတော ဝိဟရတီ’’တိ (ဝိဘ. ၅၀၈) သီလသံဝရဝိဘဇနေ အာစာရဂေါစရသမ္ပတ္တိံ ဒဿေန္တေန ‘‘အတ္ထိ အနာစာရော, အတ္ထိ အဂေါစရော’’တိအာဒိနာ (ဝိဘ. ၅၁၃-၅၁၄) အာစာရဂေါစရာ ဝိဘဇိတွာ ဒဿိတာ. ‘‘စဏ္ဍံ ဟတ္ထိံ ပရိဝဇ္ဇေတီ’’တိ ဝစနတော ဟတ္ထိအာဒိပရိဝဇ္ဇနမ္ပိ ဘဂဝတော ဝစနာနုဋ္ဌာနန္တိ ကတွာ အာစာရသီလမေဝါတိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ.

'I am a recluse' means with the intention of thinking thus: 'What is life or death to me?' 'Having reflected' means having considered the purpose of entering the village and so on. 'He retreats' means he turns away from approaching elephants and so on. A place (ṭhāna) is where things are established (ṭhāyanti). A place of thorns (kaṇṭakaṭṭhāna) is a place where there are thorns; this is what is meant by the location. 'Haunted by non-humans' means corrupted by the movement of non-humans, that is, perilous. 'A matter related to an uncertain rule' means something that is the cause for an uncertain training rule. 'From the types such as prostitutes' means from distinctions such as prostitutes, widows, mature unmarried women, young girls, eunuchs, taverns, and nuns. 'Equal' means the same, not unequal. 'He may have done' means he may have done such misconduct. Regarding ‘restraint consisting of virtue’: how is avoidance virtue? By the avoidance of inappropriate seats, the avoidance of misconduct is stated. And the avoidance of a resort for misconduct, being a matter of conduct-virtue, is restraint in virtue. Thus, indeed, the Blessed One, when showing the accomplishment of conduct and resort in the analysis of restraint in virtue, said: 'He dwells restrained by the restraint of the Pātimokkha,' and then showed conduct and resort divided up, saying, 'There is misconduct, there is an improper resort,' and so on. From the statement, 'He avoids a fierce elephant,' it should be known that avoiding elephants and so on is also the fulfillment of the Blessed One's word, and thus it is indeed conduct-virtue.

ဣတိပီတိ ဣမိနာပိ ကာရဏေန အယောနိသောမနသိကာရသမုဋ္ဌိတတ္တာပိ, လောဘာဒိသဟဂတတ္တာပိ, ကုသလပ္ပဋိပက္ခတောပီတိအာဒီဟိ ကာရဏေဟိ အယံ ဝိတက္ကော အကုသလောတိ အတ္ထော. ဣမိနာ နယေန သာဝဇ္ဇောတိအာဒီသုပိ အတ္ထော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. ဧတ္ထ စ အကုသလောတိအာဒိနာ ဒိဋ္ဌဓမ္မိကံ ကာမဝိတက္ကဿ အာဒီနဝံ ဒဿေတိ, ဒုက္ခဝိပါကောတိ ဣမိနာ သမ္ပရာယိကံ. အတ္တဗျာဗာဓာယ သံဝတ္တတီတိအာဒီသုပိ ဣမိနာဝ နယေန အာဒီနဝဝိဘာဝနာ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ. ဥပ္ပန္နဿ ကာမဝိတက္ကဿ အနဓိဝါသနံ နာမ ပုန တာဒိသဿ အနုပ္ပာဒနံ. တံ ပနဿ ပဟာနံ ဝိနောဒနံ ဗျန္တိကရဏံ အနဘာဝဂမနန္တိ စ ဝတ္တုံ ဝဋ္ဋတီတိ ပါဠိယံ – ‘‘ဥပ္ပန္နံ ကာမဝိတက္ကံ နာဓိဝါသေတီ’’တိ ဝတွာ ‘‘ပဇဟတီ’’တိအာဒိ ဝုတ္တန္တိ တမတ္ထံ ဒဿေန္တော ‘‘အနဓိဝါသေန္တော ကိံ ကရောတီ’’တိအာဒိမာဟ. ပဟာနဉ္စေတ္ထ ဝိက္ခမ္ဘနမေဝ, န သမုစ္ဆေဒေါတိ ဒဿေတုံ ‘‘ဝိနောဒေတီ’’တိအာဒိ ဝုတ္တန္တိ ဝိက္ခမ္ဘနဝသေနေဝ အတ္ထော ဒဿိတော. ဥပ္ပန္နုပ္ပန္နေတိ တေသံ ပါပဝိတက္ကာနံ ဥပ္ပာဒါဝတ္ထာဂဟဏံ ဝါ ကတံ သိယာ အနဝသေသဂ္ဂဟဏံ ဝါ. တေသု ပဌမံ သန္ဓာယာဟ ‘‘ဥပ္ပန္နမတ္တေ’’တိ, သမ္ပတိဇာတေတိ အတ္ထော. အနဝသေသဂ္ဂဟဏံ ဗျာပနိစ္ဆာယံ ဟောတီတိ ဒဿေတုံ ‘‘သတက္ခတ္တုမ္ပိ ဥပ္ပန္နုပ္ပန္နေ’’တိ ဝုတ္တံ.

'Therefore' means that because it arises from unwise attention, is associated with greed and other defilements, and opposes wholesome states, and so on, this thought is unwholesome—this is the meaning. In the same way, the meanings of 'blameworthy' and so on should be understood. Here, by 'unwholesome' and so on, the danger of sensual thoughts in this very life is shown, while by 'resulting in suffering' their future danger is indicated. Similarly, by 'leads to self-harm' and so on, the explanation of dangers should be understood in the same way. The non-endurance of an arisen sensual thought means preventing such a thought from arising again. That its abandonment, removal, eradication, and making it disappear can be spoken of is because in the Pāli, after saying, 'He does not endure an arisen sensual thought,' it says, 'he abandons it,' and so on. To clarify this meaning, it is said, 'Not enduring it, what does one do?' and so on. Here, abandoning refers only to suppression, not to eradication—hence terms like 'removes' and so on are used, and thus the meaning is explained in terms of suppression. 'Arisen and arisen' may refer either to the taking of the state of arising of those evil thoughts or to their taking without remainder. Regarding the first, it is said, 'as soon as it has arisen,' meaning newly arisen. To show that taking without remainder is meant, it is said, 'even if arisen a hundred times.'

ဉာတိဝိတက္ကောတိ ‘‘အမှာကံ ဉာတယော သုခဇီဝိနော သမ္ပတ္တိယုတ္တာ’’တိအာဒိနာ ဂေဟဿိတပေမဝသေန ဉာတကေ အာရဗ္ဘ ဥပ္ပန္နဝိတက္ကော. ဇနပဒဝိတက္ကောတိ ‘‘အမှာကံ ဇနပဒေါ သုဘိက္ခော သမ္ပန္နသဿော ရမဏီယော’’တိအာဒိနာ ဂေဟဿိတပေမဝသေန ဇနပဒံ အာရဗ္ဘ ဥပ္ပန္နဝိတက္ကော. ဥက္ကုဋိကပ္ပဓာနာဒီဟိ ဒုက္ခေ နိဇ္ဇိဏ္ဏေ သမ္ပရာယေ သတ္တာ သုခီ ဟောန္တိ အမရာတိ ဒုက္ကရကာရိကာယ ပဋိသံယုတ္တော အမရတ္ထာယ ဝိတက္ကော. တံ ဝါ အာရဗ္ဘ အမရာဝိက္ခေပဒိဋ္ဌိသဟဂတော အမရော စ သော ဝိတက္ကော စာတိ [Pg.132] အမရာဝိတက္ကော. ပရာနုဒ္ဒယတာပဋိသံယုတ္တောတိ ပရေသု ဥပဋ္ဌာကာဒီသု သဟနန္ဒိတာဒိဝသေန ပဝတ္တော အနုဒ္ဒယတာပတိရူပကော ဂေဟဿိတပေမပ္ပဋိသံယုတ္တော ဝိတက္ကော. လာဘသက္ကာရသိလောကပ္ပဋိသံယုတ္တောတိ စီဝရာဒိလာဘေန စ သက္ကာရေန စ ကိတ္တိသဒ္ဒေန စ အာရမ္မဏကရဏဝသေန ပဋိသံယုတ္တော. အနဝညတ္တိပ္ပဋိသံယုတ္တောတိ ‘‘အဟော ဝတ မံ ပရေ န အဝဇာနေယျုံ, န ဟေဋ္ဌာ ကတွာ မညေယျုံ, ပါသာဏစ္ဆတ္တံ ဝိယ ဂရုံ ကရေယျု’’န္တိ ဥပ္ပန္နဝိတက္ကော.

The thought of relatives is the thought that arises regarding relatives due to affection connected with household life, such as, 'Our relatives live happily and are prosperous,' and so on. The thought of the homeland is the thought that arises regarding one's homeland due to affection connected with household life, such as, 'Our homeland is abundant in food, rich in crops, and delightful,' and so on. The thought of immortality is the thought connected with performing difficult deeds for the sake of immortality, such as: 'When suffering is overcome by difficult practices like the squatting posture, beings are happy and immortal in the future.' Alternatively, it is a thought of immortality regarding that, associated with the view of endless wriggling about immortality, being both an immortal (view) and a thought. The thought connected with pseudo-compassion is the thought that arises in relation to attendants and so on, proceeding as rejoicing with them, which is a semblance of compassion connected to affection for household life. The thought connected with gain, honor, and fame is the thought associated with the gain of robes and so on, with honor, and with the sound of praise, by way of making them an object. The thought connected with not being despised is the thought that arises, such as, 'Oh, may others not despise me, may they not think of me as inferior, may they treat me with respect like a royal parasol!'

ကာမဝိတက္ကော ကာမသင်္ကပ္ပနသဘာဝတော ကာမာသဝပ္ပတ္တိယာ သာတိသယတ္တာ စ ကာမနာကာရောတိ အာဟ ‘‘ကာမဝိတက္ကော ပနေတ္ထ ကာမာသဝေါ’’တိ. တဗ္ဗိသေသောတိ ကာမာသဝဝိသေသော ဘဝသဘာဝတ္တာတိ အဓိပ္ပာယော. ကာမဝိတက္ကာဒိကေ ဝိနောဒေတိ အတ္တနော သန္တာနတော နီဟရတိ ဧတေနာတိ ဝိနောဒနံ, ဝီရိယန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘ဝီရိယသံဝရသင်္ခါတေန ဝိနောဒနေနာ’’တိ.

The thought of sensual pleasure, because of its nature of intending sensual pleasures and its excessiveness in leading to the attainment of the influx of sensual pleasure, is a form of craving; hence, it is said, 'The thought of sensual pleasure here is the influx of sensual pleasure.' 'That distinction' means a particular kind of influx of sensual pleasure, due to its nature as becoming; this is the meaning. 'One dispels thoughts of sensual pleasure and so on' means one removes them from one's own mental continuum. That by which one does this is 'dispelling.' This is energy; hence, it is said, 'by the dispelling designated as restraint by energy.'

‘‘သတ္တ ဗောဇ္ဈင်္ဂါ ဘာဝိတာ ဗဟုလီကတာ ဝိဇ္ဇာဝိမုတ္တိယော ပရိပူရေန္တီ’’တိ ဝစနတော ဝိဇ္ဇာဝိမုတ္တီနံ အနဓိဂမော တတော စ သကလဝဋ္ဋဒုက္ခာနတိဝတ္တိ အဘာဝနာယ အာဒီနဝေါ. ဝုတ္တဝိပရိယာယေန ဘဂဝတော ဩရသပုတ္တဘာဝါဒိဝသေန စ ဘာဝနာယ အာနိသံသော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. ထောမေန္တောတိ အာသဝပဟာနဿ ဒုက္ကရတ္တာ တာယ ဧဝ ဒုက္ကရကိရိယာယ တံ အဘိတ္ထဝန္တော. သံဝရေနေဝ ပဟီနာတိ သံဝရေန ပဟီနာ ဧဝ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘န အပ္ပဟီနေသုယေဝ ပဟီနသညီ’’တိ.

Because it is said, 'Seven factors of enlightenment, when developed and cultivated, fulfill knowledge and liberation,' the disadvantage of not developing them is the non-attainment of knowledge and liberation, and consequently not transcending all the suffering in the cycle of existence. The advantage of development should be understood in the opposite way, and as being a true-born son of the Blessed One and so on. 'They praise' means they extol that very difficult act of abandoning the influxes, because it is difficult to abandon them. 'They are abandoned by restraint' means they are indeed abandoned by restraint. Therefore, it is said, 'One should not perceive as abandoned what is not yet abandoned.'

အာသဝသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Āsava Sutta is concluded.

၅. ဒါရုကမ္မိကသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

5. Commentary on the Dārukammika Sutta

၅၉. ပဉ္စမေ ပုတ္တသမ္ဗာဓသယနန္တိ ပုတ္တေဟိ သမ္ဗာဓသယနံ. ဧတ္ထ ပုတ္တသီသေန ဒါရပရိဂ္ဂဟံ ပုတ္တဒါရေသု ဥပ္ပိလော ဝိယ. တေန တေသံ ရောဂါဒိဟေတု သောကာဘိဘဝေန စ စိတ္တဿ သံကိလိဋ္ဌတံ ဒဿေတိ. ကာမဘောဂိနာတိ ဣမိနာ ပန ရာဂါဘိဘဝန္တိ. ဥဘယေနပိ ဝိက္ခိတ္တစိတ္တတံ ဒဿေတိ. ကာသိကစန္ဒနန္တိ ဥဇ္ဇလစန္ဒနံ. တံ ကိရ ဝဏ္ဏဝိသေသသမုဇ္ဇလံ ဟောတိ ပဘဿရံ, တဒတ္ထမေဝ နံ သဏှတရံ ကရောန္တိ. တေနေဝါဟ ‘‘သဏှစန္ဒန’’န္တိ[Pg.133], ကာသိကဝတ္ထဉ္စ စန္ဒနဉ္စာတိ အတ္ထော. မာလာဂန္ဓဝိလေပနန္တိ ဝဏ္ဏသောဘတ္ထဉ္စေဝ သုဂန္ဓဘာဝတ္ထဉ္စ မာလံ, သုဂန္ဓဘာဝတ္ထာယ ဂန္ဓံ, ဆဝိရာဂကရဏတ္ထဉ္စေဝ သုဘတ္ထဉ္စ ဝိလေပနံ ဓာရေန္တေန. ဇာတရူပရဇတန္တိ သုဝဏ္ဏဉ္စေဝ အဝသိဋ္ဌဓနဉ္စ သာဒိယန္တေန. သဗ္ဗေနပိ ကာမေသု အဘိဂိဒ္ဓဘာဝမေဝ ပကာသေတိ.

59. In the fifth sutta, 'a bed crowded with children' means a bed crowded by children. Here, by 'children's heads' is meant the taking of a wife, which is like a boil among children and wives. Thus, it shows the mind's defilement from being overwhelmed by sorrow caused by their diseases and so on. By 'sensual enjoyer' is indicated being overwhelmed by lust. By both, a distracted mind is shown. 'Kāsika sandalwood' means bright sandalwood. It is said to be radiant and luminous with a special color; for that very purpose, they make it even smoother. Therefore, it is said 'smooth sandalwood'—the meaning is Kāsi cloth and sandalwood. 'Garlands, perfumes, and ointments' means by one who wears garlands for beauty and fragrance, perfumes for fragrance, and ointments for coloring the skin and for beauty. 'Gold and silver' means by one who delights in gold and the remaining wealth. By all this, a state of excessive greed for sensual pleasures is revealed.

ဒါရုကမ္မိကသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Dārukammika Sutta is concluded.

၆. ဟတ္ထိသာရိပုတ္တသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

6. Commentary on the Hatthisāriputta Sutta

၆၀. ဆဋ္ဌေ ဟတ္ထိံ သာရေတီတိ ဟတ္ထိသာရီ, တဿ ပုတ္တောတိ ဟတ္ထိသာရိပုတ္တော. သော ကိရ သာဝတ္ထိယံ ဟတ္ထိအာစရိယဿ ပုတ္တော ဘဂဝတော သန္တိကေ ပဗ္ဗဇိတွာ တီဏိ ပိဋကာနိ ဥဂ္ဂဟေတွာ သုခုမေသု ခန္ဓဓာတုအာယတနာဒီသု အတ္ထန္တရေသု ကုသလော အဟောသိ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ – ‘‘ထေရာနံ ဘိက္ခူနံ အဘိဓမ္မကထံ ကထေန္တာနံ အန္တရန္တရာ ကထံ ဩပါတေတီ’’တိ. တတ္ထ အန္တရန္တရာ ကထံ ဩပါတေတီတိ ထေရေဟိ ဝုစ္စမာနဿ ကထာပဗန္ဓဿ အန္တရေ အန္တရေ အတ္တနော ကထံ ပဝေသေတီတိ အတ္ထော. ပဉ္စဟိ သံသဂ္ဂေဟီတိ သဝနသံသဂ္ဂေါ, ဒဿနသံသဂ္ဂေါ, သမုလ္လာပသံသဂ္ဂေါ, သမ္ဘောဂသံသဂ္ဂေါ, ကာယသံသဂ္ဂေါတိ ဣမေဟိ ပဉ္စဟိ သံသဂ္ဂေဟိ. ကိဋ္ဌခါဒကောတိ ကိဋ္ဌဋ္ဌာနေ ဥပ္ပန္နသဿဉှိ ကိဋ္ဌန္တိ ဝုတ္တံ ကာရဏူပစာရေန. သိပ္ပိယော သုတ္တိယော. သမ္ဗုကာတိ သင်္ခမာဟ.

60. In the sixth sutta, 'one who trains elephants' is an elephant trainer; his son is Hatthisāriputta. It is said that he, the son of an elephant master in Sāvatthī, having gone forth in the presence of the Blessed One, mastered the three Piṭakas and became skilled in the subtle meanings of the aggregates, elements, sense bases, and so forth. Therefore, it is said: 'While the elder bhikkhus were discussing the Abhidhamma, he would interject his own words in between.' Here, 'interjecting his own words in between' means inserting his own discourse in the intervals of the ongoing discussion being spoken by the elders. 'Through five kinds of association' refers to these five: association through hearing, association through seeing, association through speaking together, association through partaking together, and association through physical contact. 'Eating what is grown': The crop that grows in a tilled place is called 'what is grown' by a metaphor of the cause. 'Sippiyo' are pearl oysters. 'Sambukā' refers to conch shells.

ဂိဟိဘာဝေ ဝဏ္ဏံ ကထေသီတိ (ဒီ. နိ. အဋ္ဌ. ၁.၄၂၂) ကဿပသမ္မာသမ္ဗုဒ္ဓဿ ကိရ သာသနေ ဒွေ သဟာယကာ အဟေသုံ, အညမညံ သမဂ္ဂါ ဧကတောဝ သဇ္ဈာယန္တိ. တေသု ဧကော အနဘိရတော ဂိဟိဘာဝေ စိတ္တံ ဥပ္ပာဒေတွာ ဣတရဿ အာရောစေသိ. သော ဂိဟိဘာဝေ အာဒီနဝံ, ပဗ္ဗဇ္ဇာယ အာနိသံသံ ဒဿေတွာ ဩဝဒိ. သော တံ သုတွာ အဘိရမိတွာ ပုန ဧကဒိဝသံ တာဒိသေ စိတ္တေ ဥပ္ပန္နေ တံ ဧတဒဝေါစ – ‘‘မယှံ, အာဝုသော, ဧဝရူပံ စိတ္တံ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ, ဣမာဟံ ပတ္တစီဝရံ တုယှံ ဒဿာမီ’’တိ. သော ပတ္တစီဝရလောဘေန တဿ ဂိဟိဘာဝေ အာနိသံသံ ဒဿေတွာ ပဗ္ဗဇ္ဇာယ အာဒီနဝံ ကထေသိ. တဿ တံ သုတွာဝ ဂိဟိဘာဝတော စိတ္တံ နိဝတ္တေတွာ ပဗ္ဗဇ္ဇာယမေဝ အဘိရမိ. ဧဝမေသ တဒါ သီလဝန္တဿ ဘိက္ခုနော ဂိဟိဘာဝေ [Pg.134] အာနိသံသကထာယ ကထိတတ္တာ ဣဒါနိ ဆ ဝါရေ ဝိဗ္ဘမိတွာ သတ္တမဝါရေ ပဗ္ဗဇိတွာ မဟာမောဂ္ဂလ္လာနဿ မဟာကောဋ္ဌိကတ္ထေရဿ စ အဘိဓမ္မကထံ ကထေန္တာနံ အန္တရန္တရာ ကထံ ဩပါတေသိ. အထ နံ မဟာကောဋ္ဌိကတ္ထေရော အပသာဒေသိ. သော မဟာသာဝကဿ ကထိတေ ပတိဋ္ဌာတုံ အသက္ကောန္တော ဝိဗ္ဘမိတွာ ဂိဟိ ဇာတော. ပေါဋ္ဌပါဒဿ ပနာယံ ဂိဟိသဟာယကော အဟောသိ, တသ္မာ ဝိဗ္ဘမိတွာ ဒွီဟတီဟစ္စယေန ပေါဋ္ဌပါဒဿ သန္တိကံ ဂတော. အထ နံ သော ဒိသွာ – ‘‘သမ္မ, ကိံ တယာ ကတံ, ဧဝရူပဿ နာမ သတ္ထု သာသနာ အပသက္ကန္တောသိ, ဧဟိ ပဗ္ဗဇိတုံ ဒါနိ တေ ဝဋ္ဋတီ’’တိ တံ ဂဟေတွာ ဘဂဝတော သန္တိကံ အဂမာသိ. တသ္မိံ ဌာနေ ပဗ္ဗဇိတွာ အရဟတ္တံ ပါပုဏိ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘သတ္တမေ ဝါရေ ပဗ္ဗဇိတွာ အရဟတ္တံ ပါပုဏီ’’တိ.

'He spoke in praise of the householder's life' (gihibhāve vaṇṇaṃ kathesīti)—so it is said (Dī. Ni. Aṭṭha. 1.422). It is said that in the dispensation of the Perfectly Self-Enlightened Buddha Kassapa, there were two friends, harmonious and united, who studied together. Among them, one, being discontent, conceived a desire for the householder's life and informed the other. The other then pointed out the drawbacks of the householder's life and the benefits of renunciation, advising him. Hearing this, he was delighted, but one day, when such a thought arose again, he said to him, 'Friend, such a thought has arisen in me. I will give you my bowl and robe.' Out of greed for the bowl and robe, the other then extolled the benefits of the householder's life and spoke of the drawbacks of renunciation. Hearing that, his mind turned away from the householder's life, and he found joy in renunciation alone. Thus, because at that time praise of the householder's life had been spoken by a virtuous bhikkhu, now, after falling away six times, he renounced on the seventh occasion. While the Abhidhamma discourse was being given by the great disciples Mahāmoggallāna and Mahākoṭṭhika Thera, he repeatedly interrupted their discussion. Then, Mahākoṭṭhika Thera rebuked him. Unable to remain steadfast under the great disciple’s words, he fell away and became a householder. This man had been the householder friend of Poṭṭhapāda, so after falling away, he went to Poṭṭhapāda within two or three days. Seeing him, Poṭṭhapāda said, 'Friend, what have you done? You have strayed from such a Teacher’s dispensation. Come, now it is proper for you to renounce.' Taking him, he went to the presence of the Blessed One. Ordained on the spot, he attained Arahantship. Hence it is said, 'Having renounced on the seventh occasion, he attained Arahantship.'

ဟတ္ထိသာရိပုတ္တသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Hatthisāriputta Sutta is concluded.

၇. မဇ္ဈေသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

7. Commentary on the Majjhe Sutta

၆၁. သတ္တမေ မန္တာတိ ယ-ကာရလောပေန နိဒ္ဒေသော, ကရဏတ္ထေ ဝါ ဧတံ ပစ္စတ္တဝစနံ. တေနာဟ ‘‘တာယ ဥဘော အန္တေ ဝိဒိတွာ’’တိ. ဖဿဝသေန နိဗ္ဗတ္တတ္တာတိ ဒွယဒွယသမာပတ္တိယံ အညမညံ သမ္ဖဿဝသေန နိဗ္ဗတ္တတ္တာ, ‘‘ဖဿပစ္စယာ တဏှာ, တဏှာပစ္စယာ ဥပါဒါနံ, ဥပါဒါနပစ္စယာ ဘဝေါ, ဘဝပစ္စယာ ဇာတီ’’တိ ဣမိနာ စာနုက္ကမေန ဖဿသမုဋ္ဌာနတ္တာ ဣမဿ ကာယဿ ဖဿဝသေန နိဗ္ဗတ္တတ္တာတိ ဝုတ္တံ. ဧကော အန္တောတိ ဧတ္ထ အယံ အန္တ-သဒ္ဒေါ အန္တအဗ္ဘန္တရမရိယာဒလာမကအဘာဝကောဋ္ဌာသပဒပူရဏသမီပါဒီသု ဒိဿတိ. ‘‘အန္တပူရော ဥဒရပူရော’’တိအာဒီသု (သု. နိ. ၁၉၇) ဟိ အန္တေ အန္တသဒ္ဒေါ. ‘‘စရန္တိ လောကေ ပရိဝါရဆန္နာ အန္တော အသုဒ္ဓါ, ဗဟိ သောဘမာနာ’’တိအာဒီသု (သံ. နိ. ၁.၁၂၂) အဗ္ဘန္တရေ. ‘‘ကာယဗန္ဓနဿ အန္တော ဇီရတိ (စူဠဝ. ၂၇၈) သာ ဟရိတန္တံ ဝါ ပန္ထန္တံ ဝါ သေလန္တံ ဝါ ဥဒကန္တံ ဝါ’’တိအာဒီသု (မ. နိ. ၁.၃၀၄) မရိယာဒါယံ. ‘‘အန္တမိဒံ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, ဇီဝိကာန’’န္တိအာဒီသု (သံ. နိ. ၃.၈၀; ဣတိဝု. ၉၁) လာမကေ. ‘‘ဧသေဝန္တော ဒုက္ခဿာ’’တိအာဒီသု (မ. နိ. ၃.၃၉၃; သံ. နိ. ၂.၅၁) အဘာဝေ. သဗ္ဗပစ္စယသင်္ခယော ဟိ ဒုက္ခဿ အဘာဝေါ [Pg.135] ကောဋီတိပိ ဝုစ္စတိ. ‘‘တယော အန္တာ’’တိအာဒီသု (ဒီ. နိ. ၃.၃၀၅) ကောဋ္ဌာသေ. ‘‘ဣင်္ဃ တာဝ သုတ္တန္တံ ဝါ ဂါထာယော ဝါ အဘိဓမ္မံ ဝါ ပရိယာပုဏဿု, သုတ္တန္တေ ဩကာသံ ကာရာပေတွာ’’တိ (ပါစိ. ၄၄၂) စ အာဒီသု ပဒပူရဏေ. ‘‘ဂါမန္တံ ဝါ ဩသဋော (ပါရာ. ၄၀၉-၄၁၀; စူဠဝ. ၃၄၃) ဂါမန္တသေနာသန’’န္တိအာဒီသု (ပါရာ. အဋ္ဌ. ၂.၄၁၀) သမီပေ. သွာယမိဓ ကောဋ္ဌာသေ ဝတ္တတီတိ အယမေကော ကောဋ္ဌာသောတိ.

61. In the seventh sutta, the word `mantā` (in `mantāti`) is a designation involving the elision of the letter 'ya' [from `mantāya`], or it is the accusative case used in the instrumental sense. Hence it is said, 'Having known both ends by that.' 'Arising by way of contact' (`Phassavasena nibbattattā`) means that in the dual attainments, each arises through mutual contact. And by this sequence—'Contact conditions craving, craving conditions clinging, clinging conditions becoming, becoming conditions birth'—because it originates from contact, it is said that this body arises through contact. 'One end' (`eko anto`): Here, the word `anta` is seen in various senses such as end, interior, boundary, worthlessness, absence, part, filling of a word, and proximity. For example: In phrases like 'Antapūro udarapūro' (Snp 197), `anta` means 'end.' In 'Caranti loke parivārachannā anto asuddhā, bahi sobhamānā' (SN 1.122), it means 'interior.' In 'Kāyabandhanassa anto jīrati' (Cv 278) or 'sā haritantaṃ vā panthantaṃ vā selantaṃ vā udakantaṃ vā' (MN 1.304), it means 'boundary.' In 'Antamidaṃ, bhikkhave, jīvikānaṃ' (SN 3.80; Iti 91), it means 'worthlessness.' In 'Esevanto dukkhassā' (MN 3.393; SN 2.51), it means 'absence,' for the cessation of all conditions is called the absence of suffering, and also its culmination. In 'Tayo antā' (DN 3.305), it means 'part.' In 'Iṅgha tāva suttantaṃ vā gāthāyo vā abhidhammaṃ vā pariyāpuṇassu, suttante okāsaṃ kārāpetvā' (Pāc. 442), it refers to 'filling a word.' In 'Gāmantaṃ vā osaṭo' (Pārā. 409-410; Cv 343) or 'gāmantasenāsanaṃ' (Pārā Aṭṭha 2.410), it means 'proximity.' Here, it is used in the sense of a 'part.' Thus, this is one part.

သန္တော ပရမတ္ထတော ဝိဇ္ဇမာနော ဓမ္မသမူဟောတိ သက္ကာယော, ပဉ္စုပါဒါနက္ခန္ဓာ. တေနာဟ ‘‘တေဘူမကဝဋ္ဋ’’န္တိ. သေသမေတ္ထ သုဝိညေယျမေဝ.

`Sakkāya` is the group of phenomena existing in the ultimate sense, that is, the five aggregates subject to clinging. Hence, it is said 'the round of the three planes' (`tebhūmakavaṭṭa`). The rest here is easily understood.

မဇ္ဈေသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Majjhe Sutta is concluded.

၈. ပုရိသိန္ဒြိယဉာဏသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

8. Commentary on the Discourse on the Knowledge of the Faculties of a Person

၆၂. အဋ္ဌမေ နိဗ္ဗတ္တိဝသေန အပါယသံဝတ္တနိယေန ဝါ ကမ္မုနာ အပါယေသု နိယုတ္တောတိ အာပါယိကော နေရယိကောတိ ဧတ္ထာပိ ဧသေဝ နယော. အဝီစိမှိ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇိတွာ တတ္ထ အာယုကပ္ပသညိတံ အန္တရကပ္ပံ တိဋ္ဌတီတိ ကပ္ပဋ္ဌော. နိရယူပပတ္တိပရိဟရဏဝသေန တိကိစ္ဆိတုံ အသက္ကုဏေယျောတိ အတေကိစ္ဆော. အခဏ္ဍာနီတိ ဧကဒေသေနပိ အခဏ္ဍိတာနိ. ဘိန္နကာလတော ပဋ္ဌာယ ဗီဇံ ဗီဇတ္ထာယ န ဥပကပ္ပတိ. အပူတီနီတိ ဥဒကတေမနေန အပူတိကာနိ. ပူတိကဉှိ ဗီဇံ ဗီဇတ္ထာယ န ဥပကပ္ပတိ. အဝါတာတပဟတာနီတိ ဝါတေန စ အာတပေန စ န ဟတာနိ နိရောဇတံ န ပါပိတာနိ. နိရောဇဉှိ ကသဋံ ဗီဇံ ဗီဇတ္ထာယ န ဥပကပ္ပတိ. ‘‘သာရာဒါနီ’’တိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗေ အာ-ကာရဿ ရဿတ္တံ ကတွာ ပါဠိယံ ‘‘သာရဒါနီ’’တိ ဝုတ္တန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘သာရာဒါနီ’’တိ. တဏ္ဍုလသာရဿ အာဒါနတော သာရာဒါနိ, ဂဟိတသာရာနိ ပတိဋ္ဌိတသာရာနိ. နိဿရဉှိ ဗီဇံ ဗီဇတ္ထာယ န ဥပကပ္ပတိ. သုခသယိတာနီတိ စတ္တာရော မာသေ ကောဋ္ဌေ ပက္ခိတ္တနိယာမေနေဝ သုခသယိတာနိ သုဋ္ဌု သန္နိစိတာနိ. မဏ္ဍခေတ္တေတိ ဦသခါရာဒိဒေါသေဟိ အဝိဒ္ဓသ္တေ သာရက္ခေတ္တေ. အဘိဒေါတိ အဘိ-သဒ္ဒေန သမာနတ္ထနိပါတပဒန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘အဘိအဍ္ဎရတ္တ’’န္တိ. နတ္ထိ ဧတဿ ဘိဒါတိ ဝါ အဘိဒေါ. ‘‘အဘိဒံ အဍ္ဎရတ္တ’’န္တိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗေ ဥပယောဂတ္ထေ ပစ္စတ္တဝစနံ. အဍ္ဎရတ္တန္တိ [Pg.136] စ အစ္စန္တသံယောဂဝစနံ, ဘုမ္မတ္ထေ ဝါ. တသ္မာ အဘိဒေါ အဍ္ဎရတ္တန္တိ အဘိန္နေ အဍ္ဎရတ္တသမယေတိ အတ္ထော. ပုဏ္ဏမာသိယဉှိ ဂဂနမဇ္ဈဿ ပုရတော ဝါ ပစ္ဆတော ဝါ စန္ဒေ ဌိတေ အဍ္ဎရတ္တသမယော ဘိန္နော နာမ ဟောတိ, မဇ္ဈေ ဧဝ ပန ဌိတေ အဘိန္နော နာမ.

62. In the eighth sutta, `āpāyiko` means one bound for the planes of misery, that is, one consigned to the planes of misery by kamma that leads to rebirth or is conducive to the planes of misery. For `nerayiko` (one bound for hell), this same method of explanation applies. Having been born in Avīci, one remains there for an interim eon designated as an eon of life-span—hence, `kappaṭṭho` (lasting an eon). Unable to be treated by any means to prevent rebirth in hell—hence, `atekiccho` (incurable). `Akhaṇḍāni` (unbroken) means not even partially broken. From the time it is split, a seed is no longer suitable for its purpose as a seed. `Apūtīni` (unspoiled) means not rotted by water moisture. For a spoiled seed is not suitable for its purpose as a seed. `Avātātapahatāni` (unscorched by wind and sun) means not withered by wind and heat, not reduced to a sapless state. For a sapless, worthless seed is not suitable for its purpose as a seed. When it should be called `sārādānī`, the shortening of the vowel 'ā' in the Pāli results in `sāradānī`; it is said as `sārādānī`. `Sārādānī` means taking the essence of the grain, possessing essence, well-established in essence. For an essenceless seed is not suitable for its purpose as a seed. `Sukhasayitāni` (comfortably stored) means stored well in a granary for four months, thoroughly accumulated according to fixed practice. `Maṇḍakhette` (in a fertile field) means a field free from defects like saltiness or alkaline soil, rich in essence. `Abhido` is an indeclinable word having the same meaning as `abhi`, as in `abhiaḍḍharatta`. Or, `abhido` means 'there is no division of it.' When it should be said `abhidaṃ aḍḍharatta`, the accusative case is used in the sense of usage. And `aḍḍharatta` is a term indicating absolute connection, or alternatively, it is used in the locative sense. Therefore, `abhido aḍḍharatta` means 'at the time of the undivided middle of the night.' For on the full moon night, when the moon stands either before or after the middle of the sky, the time of the middle of the night is called 'divided,' but when it stands exactly in the middle, it is called 'undivided.'

သုပ္ပဗုဒ္ဓသုနက္ခတ္တာဒယောတိ ဧတ္ထ (ဓ. ပ. အဋ္ဌ. ၂.၁၂၇ သုပ္ပဗုဒ္ဓသကျဝတ္ထု) သုပ္ပဗုဒ္ဓေါ ကိရ သာကိယော ‘‘မမ ဓီတရံ ဆဍ္ဍေတွာ နိက္ခန္တော, မမ ပုတ္တံ ပဗ္ဗာဇေတွာ တဿ ဝေရိဋ္ဌာနေ ဌိတော စာ’’တိ ဣမေဟိ ဒွီဟိ ကာရဏေဟိ သတ္ထရိ အာဃာတံ ဗန္ဓိတွာ ဧကဒိဝသံ ‘‘န ဒါနိ နိမန္တိတဋ္ဌာနံ ဂန္တွာ ဘုဉ္ဇိတုံ ဒဿာမီ’’တိ ဂမနမဂ္ဂံ ပိဒဟိတွာ အန္တရဝီထိယံ သုရံ ပိဝန္တော နိသီဒိ. အထဿ သတ္ထရိ ဘိက္ခုသံဃပရိဝုတေ တံ ဌာနံ အာဂတေ ‘‘သတ္ထာ အာဂတော’’တိ အာရောစေသုံ. သော အာဟ – ‘‘ပုရတော ဂစ္ဆာတိ တဿ ဝဒေထ, နာယံ မယာ မဟလ္လကတရော, နာဿ မဂ္ဂံ ဒဿာမီ’’တိ. ပုနပ္ပုနံ ဝုစ္စမာနောပိ တထေဝ နိသီဒိ. သတ္ထာ မာတုလဿ သန္တိကာ မဂ္ဂံ အလဘိတွာ တတောဝ နိဝတ္တိ. သောပိ စရပုရိသံ ပေသေသိ – ‘‘ဂစ္ဆ တဿ ကထံ သုတွာ ဧဟီ’’တိ. သတ္ထာပိ နိဝတ္တန္တော သိတံ ကတွာ အာနန္ဒတ္ထေရေန – ‘‘ကော နု ခေါ, ဘန္တေ, သိတပါတုကမ္မေ ပစ္စယော’’တိ ပုဋ္ဌော အာဟ – ‘‘ပဿသိ, အာနန္ဒ, သုပ္ပဗုဒ္ဓ’’န္တိ. ပဿာမိ, ဘန္တေ. ဘာရိယံ တေန ကမ္မံ ကတံ မာဒိသဿ ဗုဒ္ဓဿ မဂ္ဂံ အဒေန္တေန, ဣတော သတ္တမေ ဒိဝသေ ဟေဋ္ဌာပါသာဒေ ပါသာဒမူလေ ပထဝိယာ ပဝိသိဿတီ’’တိ အာစိက္ခိ.

Here, in reference to Suppabuddha, Sunakkhatta, and others (DhpA 2.127, Suppabuddha the Sakyan's story): It is said that Suppabuddha the Sakyan harbored hatred toward the Teacher for two reasons: "He abandoned my daughter and left, and he ordained my son, standing in the position of his enemy." One day, thinking, "Now I will not let him go and eat at the invited place," he blocked the path and sat drinking liquor in the middle of the street. Then, when the Teacher, surrounded by the community of bhikkhus, arrived at that place, they announced to him, "The Teacher has come." He said, "Tell him to go ahead. He is not older than me, and I will not give way to him." Though repeatedly urged, he remained seated. The Teacher, unable to obtain the path from his maternal uncle, turned back from there. Suppabuddha then sent a spy, saying, "Go, listen to what he says, and return." As the Teacher turned back, he smiled. When Venerable Ānanda asked, "Venerable sir, what is the cause for this smile?" the Teacher replied, "Do you see, Ānanda, Suppabuddha?" "I see, Venerable sir." "He has done a grave deed by not giving way to a Buddha like me. On the seventh day from now, he will sink into the earth at the base of the palace, in the lower palace," the Teacher declared.

သုနက္ခတ္တောပိ (မ. နိ. အဋ္ဌ. ၁.၁၄၇) ပုဗ္ဗေ ဘဂဝန္တံ ဥပသင်္ကမိတွာ ဒိဗ္ဗစက္ခုပရိကမ္မံ ပုစ္ဆိ. အထဿ ဘဂဝါ ကထေသိ. သော ဒိဗ္ဗစက္ခုံ နိဗ္ဗတ္တေတွာ အာလောကံ ဝဍ္ဎေတွာ ဩလောကေန္တော ဒေဝလောကေ နန္ဒနဝနစိတ္တလတာဝနဖာရုသကဝနမိဿကဝနေသု ဒိဗ္ဗသမ္ပတ္တိံ အနုဘဝမာနေ ဒေဝပုတ္တေ စ ဒေဝဓီတရော စ ဒိသွာ – ‘‘ဧတေသံ ဧဝရူပါယ အတ္တဘာဝသမ္ပတ္တိယာ ဌိတာနံ ကိရ မဓုရော နု ခေါ သဒ္ဒေါ ဘဝိဿတီ’’တိ သဒ္ဒံ သောတုကာမော ဟုတွာ ဒသဗလံ ဥပသင်္ကမိတွာ ဒိဗ္ဗသောတဓာတုပရိကမ္မံ ပုစ္ဆိ. ဘဂဝါ ပနဿ – ‘‘ဒိဗ္ဗသောတဓာတုဿ ဥပနိဿယော နတ္ထီ’’တိ ဉတွာ ပရိကမ္မံ န ကထေသိ. န ဟိ ဗုဒ္ဓါ ယံ န ဘဝိဿတိ, တဿ ပရိကမ္မံ ကထေန္တိ. သော ဘဂဝတိ အာဃာတံ ဗန္ဓိတွာ စိန္တေသိ – ‘‘အဟံ သမဏံ ဂေါတမံ ပဌမံ ဒိဗ္ဗစက္ခုပရိကမ္မံ ပုစ္ဆိံ, သော မယှံ ‘သမ္ပဇ္ဇတု ဝါ မာ ဝါ သမ္ပဇ္ဇတူ’တိ ကထေသိ. အဟံ ပန ပစ္စတ္တပုရိသကာရေန တံ နိဗ္ဗတ္တေတွာ ဒိဗ္ဗသောတဓာတုပရိကမ္မံ ပုစ္ဆိံ, တံ မေ န ကထေသိ. အဒ္ဓါ ဧဝံ [Pg.137] ဟောတိ ‘အယံ ရာဇပဗ္ဗဇိတော ဒိဗ္ဗစက္ခုဉာဏံ နိဗ္ဗတ္တေတွာ, ဒိဗ္ဗသောတဉာဏံ နိဗ္ဗတ္တေတွာ, စေတောပရိယကမ္မဉာဏံ နိဗ္ဗတ္တေတွာ, အာသဝါနံ ခယေ ဉာဏံ နိဗ္ဗတ္တေတွာ, မယာ သမသမော ဘဝိဿတီ’တိ ဣဿာမစ္ဆရိယဝသေန မယှံ န ကထေတီ’’တိ ဘိယျောသော အာဃာတံ ဗန္ဓိတွာ ကာသာယာနိ ဆဍ္ဍေတွာ ဂိဟိဘာဝံ ပတွာပိ န တုဏှီဘူတော ဝိဟာသိ. ဒသဗလံ ပန အသတာ တုစ္ဆေန အဗ္ဘာစိက္ခိတွာ အပါယူပဂေါ အဟောသိ. တမ္ပိ ဘဂဝါ ဗျာကာသိ. ဝုတ္တဉှေတံ – ‘‘ဧဝမ္ပိ ခေါ, ဘဂ္ဂဝ, သုနက္ခတ္တော လိစ္ဆဝိပုတ္တော မယာ ဝုစ္စမာနော အပက္ကမေဝ ဣမသ္မာ ဓမ္မဝိနယာ, ယထာ တံ အာပါယိကော’’တိ (ဒီ. နိ. ၃.၆). တေန ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘အပရေပိ သုပ္ပဗုဒ္ဓသုနက္ခတ္တာဒယော ဘဂဝတာ ဉာတာဝါ’’တိ. အာဒိ-သဒ္ဒေန ကောကာလိကာဒီနံ သင်္ဂဟော ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗော.

Sunakkhatta too (MN.A. 1.147) formerly approached the Blessed One and asked about the preparatory work for the divine eye. Then the Blessed One explained it to him. Having developed the divine eye and increased his vision, he looked around and saw devas in the heavenly realms—Nandana Grove, Cittalata Grove, Phārusaka Grove, and Missaka Grove—enjoying divine pleasures, along with sons and daughters of the devas. Seeing them, he thought, "For those abiding in such a state of personal excellence, their voices must surely be sweet." Desiring to hear their voices, he approached the Ten-Powered One and asked about the preparatory work for the divine ear-element. But the Blessed One, knowing that "there is no underlying basis for him to develop the divine ear-element," did not explain the preparatory work to him. For the Buddhas do not teach preparatory work for what will not come to be. Conceiving a hatred for the Blessed One, he thought, "First, I asked the ascetic Gotama about the preparatory work for the divine eye, and he explained it to me, as if indifferent to whether it would succeed or not. But when I, through my own personal effort, developed it and then asked about the preparatory work for the divine ear-element, he did not explain it to me. Surely, it must be like this: 'This one, having gone forth from royal life, will develop the knowledge of the divine eye, the knowledge of the divine ear, the knowledge of knowing others' minds, and the knowledge of the destruction of the taints—then he will become equal to me.' Out of jealousy and stinginess, he did not teach me." Increasing his anger, he discarded his ochre robes, returned to lay life, and still did not remain silent. Instead, he falsely accused the Ten-Powered One with what was untrue and empty and became one bound for a state of misery. The Blessed One also declared this. For it is said: "Even so, Bhaggava, Sunakkhatta the Licchavi, when spoken to by me, departed from this Dhamma and Discipline, as is fitting for one bound for misery" (DN 3.6). Therefore, it is said: "Others, too, like Suppabuddha and Sunakkhatta, were known by the Blessed One." By the word "and so on," one should understand the inclusion of others like Kokālika.

သုသီမော ပရိဗ္ဗာဇကောတိ (သံ. နိ. အဋ္ဌ. ၂.၂.၇၀) ဧဝံနာမကော ဝေဒင်္ဂေသု ကုသလော ပဏ္ဍိတော ပရိဗ္ဗာဇကော. အညတိတ္ထိယာ ဟိ ပရိဟီနလာဘသက္ကာရသိလောကာ ‘‘သမဏော ဂေါတမော န ဇာတိဂေါတ္တာဒီနိ အာရဗ္ဘ လာဘဂ္ဂပ္ပတ္တော ဇာတော, ကဝိသေဋ္ဌော ပနေသ ဥတ္တမကဝိတာယ သာဝကာနံ ဗန္ဓံ ဗန္ဓိတွာ ဒေတိ. တေ တံ ဥဂ္ဂဏှိတွာ ဥပဋ္ဌာကာနံ ဥပနိသိန္နကထမ္ပိ အနုမောဒနမ္ပိ သရဘညမ္ပီတိ ဧဝမာဒီနိ ကထေန္တိ. တေ တေသံ ပသန္နာနံ လာဘံ ဥပသံဟရန္တိ. သစေ မယံ ယံ သမဏော ဂေါတမာ ဇာနာတိ, တတော ထောကံ ဇာနေယျာမ, အတ္တနော သမယံ တတ္ထ ပက္ခိပိတွာ မယမ္ပိ ဥပဋ္ဌာကာနံ ကထေယျာမ. တတော ဧတေဟိ လာဘိတရာ ဘဝေယျာမ. ကော နု ခေါ သမဏဿ ဂေါတမဿ သန္တိကေ ပဗ္ဗဇိတွာ ခိပ္ပမေဝ ဥဂ္ဂဏှိတုံ သက္ခိဿတီ’’တိ ဧဝံ စိန္တေတွာ ‘‘သုသိမော ပဋိဗလော’’တိ ဒိသွာ ဥပသင်္ကမိတွာ ဧဝမာဟံသု ‘‘ဧဟိ တွံ, အာဝုသော သုသီမ, သမဏေ ဂေါတမေ ဗြဟ္မစရိယံ စရ, တွံ ဓမ္မံ ပရိယာပုဏိတွာ အမှေ ဝါစေယျာသိ, တံ မယံ ဓမ္မံ ပရိယာပုဏိတွာ ဂိဟီနံ ဘာသိဿာမ, ဧဝံ မယမ္ပိ သက္ကတာ ဘဝိဿာမ ဂရုကတာ မာနိတာ ပူဇိတာ လာဘိနော စီဝရပိဏ္ဍပါတသေနာသနဂိလာနပစ္စယဘေသဇ္ဇပရိက္ခာရာန’’န္တိ (သံ. နိ. ၂.၇၀).

The wanderer Susīma (S.A. 2.2.70) was a learned wanderer named Susīma, skilled in the Vedangas. Other sectarians, indeed, whose gains, honor, and fame had declined, thought: "The ascetic Gotama has attained the highest gains not through birth or lineage, but as the foremost poet; he composes and gives his disciples excellent verses, binding them to him. Having learned these, they speak to their supporters of discourses delivered while sitting nearby, words of appreciation, melodious chanting, and so forth. They thus procure gains from those who are pleased with them. If we knew even a little of what the ascetic Gotama knows, and incorporated our own doctrine into it, we too could speak to our supporters. Then we would gain even more than they do. Who is capable of going forth in the presence of the ascetic Gotama and quickly learning?" Thinking thus, they saw Susīma as capable and approached him, saying: "Come, friend Susīma, live the holy life under the ascetic Gotama. Having mastered the Dhamma, teach it to us. Having learned the Dhamma, we will speak to householders. Thus, we too will be respected, revered, honored, worshipped, and obtain robes, alms-food, dwellings, and medicinal requisites."

အထ သုသီမော ပရိဗ္ဗာဇကော တေသံ ဝစနံ သမ္ပဋိစ္ဆိတွာ ယေနာနန္ဒော တေနုပသင်္ကမိ, ဥပသင်္ကမိတွာ ပဗ္ဗဇ္ဇံ ယာစိ. ထေရော စ တံ အာဒါယ ဘဂဝန္တံ [Pg.138] ဥပသင်္ကမိတွာ ဧတမတ္ထံ အာရောစေသိ. ဘဂဝါ ပန စိန္တေသိ ‘‘အယံ ပရိဗ္ဗာဇကော တိတ္ထိယသမယေ ‘အဟံ ပါဋိဧက္ကော သတ္ထာ’တိ ပဋိဇာနမာနော စရတိ, ‘ဣဓေဝ မဂ္ဂဗြဟ္မစရိယံ စရိတုံ ဣစ္ဆာမီ’တိ ကိရ ဝဒတိ, ကိံ နု ခေါ မယိ ပသန္နော, ဥဒါဟု မယှံ ဝါ မမ သာဝကာနံ ဓမ္မကထာယ ပသန္နော’’တိ. အထဿ ဧကဋ္ဌာနေပိ ပသာဒါဘာဝံ ဉတွာ ‘‘အယံ မမ သာသနေ ‘ဓမ္မံ ထေနေဿာမီ’တိ ပဗ္ဗဇတိ, ဣတိဿ အာဂမနံ အပရိသုဒ္ဓံ, နိပ္ဖတ္တိ နု ခေါ ကီဒိသာ’’တိ ဩလောကေန္တော ‘‘ကိဉ္စာပိ ‘ဓမ္မံ ထေနေဿာမီ’တိ ပဗ္ဗဇတိ, ကတိပါဟေနေဝ ပန ဃဋေတွာ အရဟတ္တံ ဂဏှိဿတီ’’တိ ဉတွာ ‘‘တေနဟာနန္ဒ, သုသီမံ ပဗ္ဗာဇေထာ’’တိ အာဟ. တံ သန္ဓာယေတံ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘ဧဝံ ဘဂဝတာ ကော ဉာတော? သုသီမော ပရိဗ္ဗာဇကော’’တိ.

Then the wanderer Susīma, accepting their words, approached Venerable Ānanda. Having approached, he requested ordination. The elder, taking him, approached the Blessed One and informed him of the matter. The Blessed One reflected: "This wanderer, during the time of the sectarians, used to go about claiming, ‘I am a unique teacher.’ And now he says, ‘I wish to lead the holy life here.’ I wonder, is he inspired by me, or by the Dhamma-teaching of me or my disciples?" Then, knowing that he had no inspiration in any respect, he investigated: "This one is going forth in my Dispensation thinking, ‘I will steal the Dhamma.’ His motive for coming is thus impure. What, I wonder, will be his attainment?" Perceiving that even though he goes forth thinking, ‘I will steal the Dhamma,’ in just a few days he would strive and attain arahantship, he said: "Then, Ānanda, ordain Susīma." Referring to this, it was said: "How was Susīma the wanderer known by the Blessed One?"

သန္တတိမဟာမတ္တောတိ (ဓ. ပ. အဋ္ဌ. ၂.၁၄၁ သန္တတိမဟာမတ္တဝတ္ထု) သော ကိရ ဧကသ္မိံ ကာလေ ရညော ပသေနဒိဿ ပစ္စန္တံ ကုပိတံ ဝူပသမေတွာ အာဂတော. အထဿ ရာဇာ တုဋ္ဌော သတ္တ ဒိဝသာနိ ရဇ္ဇံ ဒတွာ ဧကံ နစ္စဂီတကုသလံ ဣတ္ထိံ အဒါသိ. သော သတ္တ ဒိဝသာနိ သုရာမဒမတ္တော ဟုတွာ သတ္တမေ ဒိဝသေ သဗ္ဗာလင်္ကာရပ္ပဋိမဏ္ဍိတော ဟတ္ထိက္ခန္ဓဝရဂတော နဟာနတိတ္ထံ ဂစ္ဆန္တော သတ္ထာရံ ပိဏ္ဍာယ ပဝိသန္တံ ဒွါရန္တရေ ဒိသွာ ဟတ္ထိက္ခန္ဓဝရဂတောဝ သီသံ စာလေတွာ ဝန္ဒိ. သတ္ထာ သိတံ ကတွာ ‘‘ကော နု ခေါ, ဘန္တေ, သိတပါတုကရဏေ ဟေတူ’’တိ အာနန္ဒတ္ထေရေန ပုဋ္ဌော သိတကာရဏံ အာစိက္ခန္တော အာဟ – ‘‘ပဿသိ, အာနန္ဒ, သန္တတိမဟာမတ္တံ, အဇ္ဇေဝ သဗ္ဗာဘရဏပ္ပဋိမဏ္ဍိတော မမ သန္တိကံ အာဂန္တွာ စာတုပ္ပဒိကဂါထာဝသာနေ အရဟတ္တံ ပတွာ ပရိနိဗ္ဗာယိဿတီ’’တိ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘ဧဝံ ကော ဉာတော ဘဂဝတာတိ? သန္တတိမဟာမတ္တော’’တိ.

The story of the great minister Santati (Dha. Pa. Aṭṭha. 2.141, Santatimahāmattavatthu): It is said that on one occasion, having quelled a disturbance in the border region for King Pasenadi, he returned. Pleased, the king granted him kingship for seven days and gave him a woman skilled in dancing and singing. For seven days, he was intoxicated with liquor. On the seventh day, adorned with all ornaments and mounted on a superb elephant, he went to the bathing place. Seeing the Teacher entering for alms at the city gate, he bowed his head while still on the superb elephant’s back. The Teacher smiled. When the Elder Ānanda asked, “What, venerable sir, is the cause for the manifestation of a smile?”, the Teacher, explaining the cause of the smile, said, “Do you see, Ānanda, the great minister Santati? Today, adorned with all ornaments, he will come to me and, at the end of a four-lined verse, attain arahantship and pass into final Nibbāna.” Therefore it was said: “Who was thus known by the Blessed One?” “The great minister Santati.”

ပုရိသိန္ဒြိယဉာဏသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Purisindriyañāṇa Sutta is concluded.

၉. နိဗ္ဗေဓိကသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

9. Commentary on the Nibbedhika Sutta

၆၃. နဝမေ ပရိဟာယတိ အတ္တနော ဖလံ ပရိဂ္ဂဟေတွာ ဝတ္တတိ, တဿ ဝါ ကာရဏဘာဝံ ဥပဂစ္ဆတီတိ ပရိယာယောတိ ဣဓ ကာရဏံ ဝုတ္တန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘နိဗ္ဗိဇ္ဈနကာရဏ’’န္တိ.

63. In the ninth (sutta), 'it declines, having grasped its own fruit, it proceeds,' or 'it attains the state of being its cause'—the term 'pariyāya' here means 'cause'; thus it is said, 'the cause of penetration.'

‘‘အနုဇာနာမိ[Pg.139], ဘိက္ခဝေ, အဟတာနံ ဝတ္ထာနံ ဒိဂုဏံ သံဃာဋိ’’န္တိ ဧတ္ထ ဟိ ပဋလဋ္ဌော ဂုဏဋ္ဌော. ‘‘အစ္စေန္တိ ကာလာ တရယန္တိ ရတ္တိယော, ဝယောဂုဏာ အနုပုဗ္ဗံ ဇဟန္တီ’’တိ (သံ. နိ. ၁.၄) ဧတ္ထ ရာသဋ္ဌော ဂုဏဋ္ဌော. ‘‘သတဂုဏာ ဒက္ခိဏာ ပါဋိကင်္ခိတဗ္ဗာ’’တိ (မ. နိ. ၃.၃၇၉) ဧတ္ထ အာနိသံသဋ္ဌော. ‘‘အန္တံ အန္တဂုဏံ (ဒီ. နိ. ၂.၃၇၇; မ. နိ. ၁.၁၁၀; ခု. ပါ. ၃.ဒွတ္တိံသာကာရော), ကယိရာ မာလာဂုဏေ ဗဟူ’’တိ (ဓ. ပ. ၅၃) ဧတ္ထ ဗန္ဓနဋ္ဌော ဂုဏဋ္ဌော. ဣဓာပိ ဧသောဝ အဓိပ္ပေတောတိ အာဟ ‘‘ဗန္ဓနဋ္ဌေန ဂုဏာ’’တိ. ကာမရာဂဿ သံယောဇနဿ ပစ္စယဘာဝေန ဝတ္ထုကာမေသုပိ ဗန္ဓနဋ္ဌော ရာသဋ္ဌော ဝါ ဂုဏဋ္ဌော ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗော. စက္ခုဝိညေယျာတိ ဝါ စက္ခုဝိညာဏတံဒွါရိကဝိညာဏေဟိ ဇာနိတဗ္ဗာ. သောတဝိညေယျာတိအာဒီသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော. ဣဋ္ဌာရမ္မဏဘူတာတိ သဘာဝေနေဝ ဣဋ္ဌာရမ္မဏဇာတိကာ, ဣဋ္ဌာရမ္မဏဘာဝံ ဝါ ပတ္တာ. ကမနီယာတိ ကာမေတဗ္ဗာ. မနဝဍ္ဎနကာတိ မနောဟရာ. ဧတေန ပရိကပ္ပနတောပိ ဣဋ္ဌာရမ္မဏဘာဝံ သင်္ဂဏှာတိ. ပိယဇာတိကာတိ ပိယာယိတဗ္ဗသဘာဝါ. ကာမူပသဉှိတာတိ ကာမရာဂေန ဥပေစ္စ သမ္ဗန္ဓနီယာ သမ္ဗန္ဓာ ကာတဗ္ဗာ. တေနာဟ ‘‘အာရမ္မဏံ ကတွာ’’တိအာဒိ. သင်္ကပ္ပရာဂေါတိ ဝါ သုဘာဒိဝသေန သင်္ကပ္ပိတဝုတ္ထမှိ ဥပ္ပန္နရာဂေါ. ဧဝမေတ္ထ ဝတ္ထုကာမံ ပဋိက္ခိပိတွာ ကိလေသကာမော ဝုတ္တော တဿေဝ ဝသေန တေသမ္ပိ ကာမဘာဝသိဒ္ဓိတော, ကိလေသကာမဿပိ ဣဋ္ဌဝေဒနာ ဒိဋ္ဌာဒိသမ္ပယောဂဘေဒေန ပဝတ္တိအာကာရဘေဒေန စ အတ္ထိ ဝိစိတ္တကာတိ တတော ဝိသေသေတုံ ‘‘စိတြဝိစိတြာရမ္မဏာနီ’’တိ အာဟ, နာနပ္ပကာရာနိ ရူပါဒိအာရမ္မဏာနီတိ အတ္ထော.

'I allow, bhikkhus, a double-layered outer robe of unused cloth.' Here, the meaning of 'guṇa' is 'layer.' 'Times pass, nights glide by, the stages of life successively abandon us.' Here, the meaning of 'guṇa' is 'accumulation.' 'A hundredfold offering should be expected.' Here, the meaning of 'guṇa' is 'benefit.' 'The end, the final limit, one should make many garlands.' Here, the meaning of 'guṇa' is 'binding.' Here too, this is the intended meaning; thus it is said, 'guṇā in the sense of binding.' As a condition for the fetter of sensual lust, 'guṇa' should be understood in the sense of binding or accumulation even in the case of objective sensual pleasures. 'Known by the eye' means to be known by eye-consciousness or by consciousness through the eye-door. The same method applies to 'known by the ear,' and so forth. 'Having become a pleasing object' means that by their very nature they are of the class of pleasing objects, or they have attained the state of being a pleasing object. 'Desirable' means they should be desired. 'Delighting the mind' means charming. By this, it includes the state of being a pleasing object even from the aspect of mental construction. 'Of a lovable nature' means having the characteristic of being loved. 'Connected with sensual pleasures' means they are to be approached and connected by sensual lust, a connection is to be made. Therefore it is said, 'having made it the object,' and so forth. 'Lust of thought' refers to lust arising in a thing conceived as beautiful, etc. Thus, here, having rejected objective sensual pleasures, defilement-sensual pleasure is spoken of, because by its influence, even those (objective sensual pleasures) are established as sensual pleasures. And because defilement-sensual pleasure also exists in various ways—through association with pleasant feelings, views, etc., and through diverse modes of manifestation—therefore, to distinguish it further, it is said, 'with varied and diverse objects,' meaning objects of various kinds such as forms, etc.

အထေတ္ထ ဓီရာ ဝိနယန္တိ ဆန္ဒန္တိ အထ ဧတေသု အာရမ္မဏေသု ဓိတိသမ္ပန္နာ ပဏ္ဍိတာ ဆန္ဒရာဂံ ဝိနယန္တိ.

And here the wise dispel desire: that is, regarding these objects, the discerning, endowed with steadfastness, dispel desire and passion.

တဇ္ဇာတိကန္တိ တံသဘာဝံ, အတ္ထတော ပန တဿ ကာမဿ အနုရူပန္တိ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ. ပုညဿ ဘာဂေါ ပုညဘာဂေါ, ပုညကောဋ္ဌာသော. တေန နိဗ္ဗတ္တော, တတ္ထ ဝါ ဘဝေါတိ ပုညဘာဂိယော. အပုညဘာဂိယောတိ ဧတ္ထာပိ ဧသေဝ နယော. ဝိပါကောယေဝ ဝေပက္ကန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘ဝေါဟာရဝိပါက’’န္တိ.

'Of that kind' (tajjātika) means 'of that nature' (taṃsabhāva); but in meaning, it is said to be 'suitable for that desire' (tassa kāmassa anurūpa). A portion of merit is 'merit-portion' (puññabhāga), a share of merit (puññakoṭṭhāsa). One born from that, or existing therein, is 'partaking of merit' (puññabhāgiya). The same method applies to 'partaking of demerit' (apuññabhāgiya). The result itself is 'ripening' (vepakka); thus it is said, 'conventional result' (vohāravipāka).

သဗ္ဗသင်္ဂါဟိကာတိ ကုသလာကုသလသာဓာရဏာ. သံဝိဒဟနစေတနာတိ သမ္ပယုတ္တဓမ္မေသု သံဝိဒဟနလက္ခဏာ စေတနာ. ဥရတ္တာဠိန္တိ ဥရံ တာဠေတွာ[Pg.140]. ဧကပဒန္တိ ဧကပဒစိတံ မန္တံ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဧကပဒမန္တံ ဝါ’’တိအာဒိ.

'All-inclusive' (sabbasaṅgāhika) means common to both wholesome and unwholesome. 'Coordinating volition' (saṃvidahanacetanā) means the volition having the characteristic of coordinating associated states. 'Striking the chest' (urattāḷi) means having struck the chest. 'Single word' (ekapada) means a mantra consisting of a single word. Therefore it is said, 'or a mantra consisting of a single word,' and so forth.

နိဗ္ဗေဓိကသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Nibbedhika Sutta is concluded.

၁၀. သီဟနာဒသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

10. Commentary on the Sīhanāda Sutta

၆၄. ဒသမေ တထာဂတဗလာနီတိ အညေဟိ အသာဓာရဏာနိ တထာဂတဿေဝ ဗလာနိ. နနု စေတာနိ သာဝကာနမ္ပိ ဧကစ္စာနိ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇန္တီတိ? ကာမံ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇန္တိ, ယာဒိသာနိ ပန ဗုဒ္ဓါနံ ဌာနာဋ္ဌာနဉာဏာဒီနိ, န တာဒိသာနိ တဒညေသံ ကဒါစိ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇန္တီတိ အညေဟိ အသာဓာရဏာနိ. ဣမမေဝ ဟိ ယထာဝုတ္တံ လေသံ အပေက္ခိတွာ သာဓာရဏဘာဝတော အာသယာနုသယဉာဏာဒီသု ဧဝ အသာဓာရဏသမညာ နိရုဠှာ. ယထာ ပုဗ္ဗဗုဒ္ဓါနံ ဗလာနိ ပုညဿ သမ္ပတ္တိယာ အာဂတာနိ, တထာ အာဂတဗလာနီတိ ဝါ တထာဂတဗလာနိ. ဥသဘဿ ဣဒံ အာသဘံ, သေဋ္ဌဋ္ဌာနံ. ပမုခနာဒန္တိ သေဋ္ဌနာဒံ. ပဋိဝေဓဉာဏဉ္စေဝ ဒေသနာဉာဏဉ္စာတိ ဧတ္ထ ပညာယ ပဘာဝိတံ အတ္တနော အရိယဖလာဝဟံ ပဋိဝေဓဉာဏံ. ကရုဏာယ ပဘာဝိတံ သာဝကာနံ အရိယဖလာဝဟံ ဒေသနာဉာဏံ. တတ္ထ ပဋိဝေဓဉာဏံ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇမာနံ ဥပ္ပန္နန္တိ ဒုဝိဓံ. တဉှိ အဘိနိက္ခမနတော ယာဝ အရဟတ္တမဂ္ဂါ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇမာနံ, ဖလက္ခဏေ ဥပ္ပန္နံ နာမ. တုသိတဘဝနတော ယာဝ မဟာဗောဓိပလ္လင်္ကေ အရဟတ္တမဂ္ဂါ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇမာနံ, ဖလက္ခဏေ ဥပ္ပန္နံ နာမ. ဒီပင်္ကရတော ပဋ္ဌာယ ယာဝ အရဟတ္တမဂ္ဂါ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇမာနံ, ဖလက္ခဏေ ဥပ္ပန္နံ နာမ. ဒေသနာဉာဏမ္ပိ ပဝတ္တမာနံ ပဝတ္တန္တိ ဒုဝိဓံ. တဉှိ ယာဝ အညာတကောဏ္ဍညဿ သောတာပတ္တိမဂ္ဂါ ပဝတ္တမာနံ, ဖလက္ခဏေ ပဝတ္တံ နာမ. တေသု ပဋိဝေဓဉာဏံ လောကုတ္တရံ, ဒေသနာဉာဏံ လောကိယံ. ဥဘယမ္ပိ ပနေတံ အညေဟိ အသာဓာရဏံ, ဗုဒ္ဓါနညေဝ ဩရသဉာဏံ.

64. In the tenth (sutta), 'the powers of the Tathāgata' means the powers unique to the Tathāgata alone, not shared by others. But do not some of these arise even in disciples? Yes, they do arise. However, such knowledge as the Buddhas' knowledge of what is possible and impossible, etc., never arises in others in the same way; hence, they are unshared. Indeed, it is by considering this very aspect as stated that the designation 'unshared' has become established, even though knowledges like that of inclinations and latent tendencies are shared. Or, the powers of the Tathāgata are so called because they have come about through the perfection of merit, just as the powers of past Buddhas came about. This 'bull-like' (āsabhaṃ) refers to the bull (usabha), meaning the supreme state. 'Foremost roar' (pamukhanāda) means 'supreme roar' (seṭṭhanāda). Regarding 'the knowledge of penetration' (paṭivedhañāṇa) and 'the knowledge of teaching' (desanāñāṇa): here, the knowledge of penetration is that which, developed by wisdom, brings the noble fruits to oneself. The knowledge of teaching is that which, developed by compassion, brings the noble fruits to disciples. In this context, the knowledge of penetration is twofold: 'arising' and 'arisen.' For it is called 'arising' from the time of renunciation until the path of arahantship, and 'arisen' at the moment of the fruit. It is called 'arising' from the Tusita abode until the path of arahantship at the great seat of enlightenment, and 'arisen' at the moment of the fruit. It is called 'arising' from Dīpaṅkara onwards until the path of arahantship, and 'arisen' at the moment of the fruit. The knowledge of teaching is also twofold: 'proceeding' and 'proceeded.' For it is called 'proceeding' until Aññāta Koṇḍañña's attainment of the path of stream-entry, and 'proceeded' at the moment of the fruit. Among these, the knowledge of penetration is supramundane, while the knowledge of teaching is mundane. Yet both are unshared by others—they are the Buddhas' own true knowledge.

ဌာနဉ္စ ဌာနတော ပဇာနာတီတိ ကာရဏဉ္စ ကာရဏတော ပဇာနာတိ. ယသ္မာ တတ္ထ ဖလံ တိဋ္ဌတိ တဒါယတ္တဝုတ္တိတာယ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ စေဝ ပဝတ္တတိ စ, တသ္မာ ဌာနန္တိ ဝုစ္စတိ. ဘဂဝါ ‘‘ယေ ယေ ဓမ္မာ ယေသံ ယေသံ ဓမ္မာနံ ဟေတူ ပစ္စယာ ဥပ္ပာဒါယ, တံ တံ ဌာနံ, ယေ ယေ ဓမ္မာ ယေယံ ယေယံ ဓမ္မာနံ န ဟေတူ န ပစ္စယာ ဥပ္ပာဒါယ, တံ တံ အဋ္ဌာန’’န္တိ ပဇာနန္တော ဌာနတော အဋ္ဌာနတော ယထာဘူတံ ပဇာနာတိ.

'He understands the possible as possible' means he understands the cause as cause. Because the result stands there, and arises and proceeds in dependence on that, therefore it is called 'the possible' (ṭhāna). The Blessed One, understanding thus: 'Whatever phenomena are a cause and condition for the arising of whatever phenomena, that is a possible cause (ṭhāna); whatever phenomena are not a cause and not a condition for the arising of whatever phenomena, that is an impossible cause (aṭṭhāna),' understands the possible and the impossible as they actually are.

သမာဒိယန္တီတိ [Pg.141] သမာဒါနာနိ, တာနိ ပန သမာဒိယိတွာ ကတာနိ ဟောန္တီတိ အာဟ ‘‘သမာဒိယိတွာ ကတာန’’န္တိ. ကမ္မမေဝ ဝါ ကမ္မသမာဒါနန္တိ ဧတေန ‘‘သမာဒါန’’န္တိ သဒ္ဒဿ အပုဗ္ဗတ္ထာဘာဝံ ဒဿေတိ မုတ္တဂတသဒ္ဒေ ဂတသဒ္ဒဿ ဝိယ. ဂတီတိ နိရယာဒိဂတိယော. ဥပဓီတိ အတ္တဘာဝေါ. ကာလောတိ ကမ္မဿ ဝိပစ္စနာရဟကာလော. ပယောဂေါတိ ဝိပါကုပ္ပတ္တိယာ ပစ္စယဘူတာ ကိရိယာ.

'They undertake' (samādiyanti) means 'undertakings' (samādānāni); and since these are done by undertaking, it is said, 'of those undertaken and done.' Or, 'undertaking of action' (kammasamādāna) is simply the action itself; by this, it shows that the word 'samādāna' does not have a meaning distinct from its components, like the word 'gata' in the compound 'muttagata.' 'Destination' (gati) refers to destinations such as hell, etc. 'Substratum' (upadhi) means individual existence. 'Time' (kāla) is the time when the action is fit for ripening. 'Application' (payoga) refers to the action that serves as a condition for the arising of the result.

စတုန္နံ ဈာနာနန္တိ ပစ္စနီကဇ္ဈာပနဋ္ဌေန အာရမ္မဏူပနိဇ္ဈာနဋ္ဌေန စ စတုန္နံ ရူပါဝစရဇ္ဈာနာနံ. စတုက္ကနယေန ဟေတံ ဝုတ္တံ. အဋ္ဌန္နံ ဝိမောက္ခာနန္တိ ‘‘ရူပီ ရူပါနိ ပဿတီ’’တိအာဒီနံ (မ. နိ. ၂.၂၄၈; ၃.၃၁၂; ဓ. သ. ၂၄၈; ပဋိ. မ. ၁.၂၀၉) အဋ္ဌန္နံ ဝိမောက္ခာနံ. တိဏ္ဏံ သမာဓီနန္တိ သဝိတက္ကသဝိစာရာဒီနံ တိဏ္ဏံ သမာဓီနံ. နဝန္နံ အနုပုဗ္ဗသမာပတ္တီနန္တိ ပဌမဇ္ဈာနသမာပတ္တိအာဒီနံ နဝန္နံ အနုပုဗ္ဗသမာပတ္တီနံ. ဧတ္ထ စ ပဋိပါဋိယာ အဋ္ဌန္နံ သမာဓီတိပိ နာမံ, သမာပတ္တီတိပိ စိတ္တေကဂ္ဂတာသဗ္ဘာဝတော, နိရောဓသမာပတ္တိယာ တဒဘာဝတော န သမာဓီတိ နာမံ. ဟာနဘာဂိယံ ဓမ္မန္တိ အပ္ပဂုဏေဟိ ပဌမဇ္ဈာနာဒီဟိ ဝုဋ္ဌိတဿ သညာမနသိကာရာနံ ကာမာဒိပက္ခန္ဒနံ. ဝိသေသဘာဂိယံ ဓမ္မန္တိ ပဂုဏေဟိ ပဌမဇ္ဈာနာဒီဟိ ဝုဋ္ဌိတဿ သညာမနသိကာရာနံ ဒုတိယဇ္ဈာနာဒိပက္ခန္ဒနံ. ဣတိ သညာမနသိကာရာနံ ကာမာဒိဒုတိယဇ္ဈာနာဒိပက္ခန္ဒနာနိ ဟာနဘာဂိယဝိသေသဘာဂိယဓမ္မာတိ ဒဿိတာနိ. တေဟိ ပန ဈာနာနံ တံသဘာဝတာ ဓမ္မသဒ္ဒေန ဝုတ္တာ. တသ္မာတိ ဝုတ္တမေဝတ္ထံ ဟေတုဘာဝေန ပစ္စာမသတိ. ဝေါဒါနန္တိ ပဂုဏတာသင်္ခါတံ ဝေါဒါနံ. တဉှိ ပဌမဇ္ဈာနာဒီဟိ ဝုဋ္ဌဟိတွာ ဒုတိယဇ္ဈာနာဒီနံ အဓိဂမဿ ပစ္စယတ္တာ ‘‘ဝုဋ္ဌာန’’န္တိ ဝုတ္တံ. ယေ ပန ‘‘နိရောဓတော ဖလသမာပတ္တိယာ ဝုဋ္ဌာနန္တိ ပါဠိ နတ္ထီ’’တိ ဝဒန္တိ. တေ ‘‘နိရောဓာ ဝုဋ္ဌဟန္တဿ နေဝသညာနာသညာယတနံ ဖလသမာပတ္တိယာ အနန္တရပစ္စယေန ပစ္စယော’’တိ ဣမာယ ပါဠိယံ (ပဋ္ဌာ. ၁.၁.၄၁၇) ပဋိသေဓေတဗ္ဗာ.

Of the four jhānas: in the sense of burning up opposition and in the sense of closely examining the object, these are the four form-sphere jhānas. This is said by way of the fourfold method. Of the eight liberations: the eight liberations such as 'one having form sees forms' (MN 2.248; 3.312; DhS 248; Paṭis 1.209). Of the three concentrations: the three concentrations such as those with initial and sustained thought. Of the nine successive attainments: the nine successive attainments beginning with the first jhāna attainment. Here, in sequence, the eight are also called concentrations, and they are called attainments because of the existence of mental one-pointedness; but the attainment of cessation is not called a concentration because of its absence. A state connected with decline: when emerging from the first jhāna, etc., which are of lesser quality, the perceptions and attention incline toward sensual pleasures, etc. A state connected with distinction: when emerging from the first jhāna, etc., which are well-mastered, the perceptions and attention incline toward the second jhāna, etc. Thus, the inclining of perceptions and attention toward sensual pleasures, etc., or toward the second jhāna, etc., are shown as states connected with decline and distinction. By these, however, the nature of the jhānas as such is expressed by the word 'state'. Therefore: this refers back to the very meaning just stated as the reason. Purification: purification is that which is designated as proficiency. For it is called 'emergence' because it is a condition for attaining the second jhāna, etc., after emerging from the first jhāna, etc. But those who say, 'There is no canonical text stating emergence from cessation into fruition attainment,' should be refuted by this canonical text (Paṭṭh 1.1.417): 'For one emerging from cessation, the base of neither-perception-nor-non-perception is a condition for fruition attainment by way of immediate conditionality.'

သီဟနာဒသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Lion's Roar Discourse is completed.

မဟာဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Great Chapter is completed.

၇. ဒေဝတာဝဂ္ဂေါ

7. The Chapter on Deities

၁-၃. အနာဂါမိဖလသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

1-3. Commentary on the Discourse on the Fruit of Non-Returning, and so on.

၆၅-၆၇. သတ္တမဿ [Pg.142] ပဌမာဒီနိ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထာနိ. တတိယေ အဘိသမာစာရေ ဥတ္တမသမာစာရေ ဘဝံ အာဘိသမာစာရိကံ, ဝတ္တပ္ပဋိပတ္တိဝတ္တံ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဥတ္တမသမာစာရဘူတ’’န္တိအာဒိ. သေခပဏ္ဏတ္တိသီလန္တိ သေခိယဝသေန ပညတ္တသီလံ.

65-67. The first terms of the seventh section and so on are clear in meaning. In the third discourse, on 'abhisamācāra' (higher conduct): that which pertains to excellent conduct is 'ābhisamācārika,' the practice of duties and observances. Therefore, he said, 'being of the nature of excellent conduct,' and so on. 'Sekhapaṇṇattisīla' means the virtue laid down by way of the training rules (sekhiya).

အနာဂါမိဖလသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Discourse on the Fruit of Non-Returning, and so on, is concluded.

၄-၅. သင်္ဂဏိကာရာမသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

4-5. Commentary on the Discourse at Saṅgaṇikārāma, and so on.

၆၈-၆၉. စတုတ္ထေ ဂဏေန သင်္ဂဏံ သမောဓာနံ ဂဏသင်္ဂဏိကာ, သာ အာရမိတဗ္ဗဋ္ဌေန အာရာမော ဧတဿာတိ ဂဏသင်္ဂဏိကာရာမော. သင်္ဂဏိကာတိ ဝါ သကပရိသသမောဓာနံ. ဂဏောတိ နာနာဇနသမောဓာနံ. သေသမေတ္ထ သုဝိညေယျမေဝ. ပဉ္စမံ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထမေဝ.

68-69. In the fourth discourse: 'gaṇasaṅgaṇikā' is associating with a group, a coming together. Because that association is a resort (ārāma) for one, in the sense of being resorted to, it is called 'gaṇasaṅgaṇikārāmo'. Or, 'saṅgaṇikā' means the assembling of one's own following. 'Gaṇa' means the assembling of diverse people. The rest here is quite easy to understand. The fifth discourse is clear in meaning.

သင်္ဂဏိကာရာမသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Discourse at Saṅgaṇikārāma, and so on, is concluded.

၆. သမာဓိသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

6. Commentary on the Discourse on Concentration

၇၀. ဆဋ္ဌေ ပဋိပ္ပဿမ္ဘနံ ပဋိပ္ပဿဒ္ဓီတိ အတ္ထတော ဧကန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘န ပဋိပ္ပဿဒ္ဓိလဒ္ဓေနာတိ ကိလေသပ္ပဋိပ္ပဿဒ္ဓိယာ အလဒ္ဓေနာ’’တိ. သုက္ကပက္ခေ သန္တေနာတိအာဒီသု အင်္ဂသန္တတာယ အာရမ္မဏသန္တတာယ သဗ္ဗကိလေသသန္တတာယ စ သန္တေန, အတပ္ပနိယဋ္ဌေန ပဏီတေန, ကိလေသပ္ပဋိပ္ပဿဒ္ဓိယာ လဒ္ဓတ္တာ, ကိလေသပ္ပဋိပ္ပဿဒ္ဓိဘာဝံ ဝါ လဒ္ဓတ္တာ ပဋိပ္ပဿဒ္ဓိလဒ္ဓေန, ပဿဒ္ဓိကိလေသေန ဝါ အရဟတာ လဒ္ဓတ္တာ ပဋိပ္ပဿဒ္ဓိလဒ္ဓေန, ဧကောဒိဘာဝေန အဓိဂတတ္တာ ဧကောဒိဘာဝါဓိဂတေနာတိ ဧဝမတ္ထော ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗော.

70. In the sixth discourse, regarding 'paṭippassambhanaṃ' (calming) and 'paṭippassaddhī' (tranquility), he says they are one in meaning: 'na paṭippassaddhiladdhena' means 'not by one who has not attained the tranquility of defilements.' In phrases beginning with 'in the bright side, by the peaceful,' 'by the peaceful' (santena) refers to being peaceful through the calmness of the factors, the calmness of the object, and the calmness of all defilements; 'by the sublime' (paṇītena) in the sense of being without torment; 'attained by tranquility' (paṭippassaddhiladdhena) because it is attained through the tranquility of defilements, or because the state of tranquility of defilements is attained. Alternatively, 'attained by tranquility' because it is attained by an arahant whose defilements have been tranquilized; 'attained by unification' (ekodibhāvādhigatena) because it is attained by unification. This is how the meaning should be understood.

သမာဓိသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Discourse on Concentration is concluded.

၇-၁၀. သက္ခိဘဗ္ဗသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

7-10. Commentary on the Discourse on the Capability to Witness, and so on.

၇၁-၇၄. သတ္တမေ [Pg.143] တသ္မိံ တသ္မိံ ဝိသေသေတိ တသ္မိံ တသ္မိံ သစ္ဆိကာတဗ္ဗေ ဝိသေသေ. သက္ခိဘာဝါယ ပစ္စက္ခကာရိတာယ ဘဗ္ဗော သက္ခိဘဗ္ဗော, တဿ ဘာဝေါ သက္ခိဘဗ္ဗတာ. တံ သက္ခိဘဗ္ဗတံ. သတိ သတိအာယတနေတိ သတိ သတိကာရဏေ. ကိဉ္စေတ္ထ ကာရဏံ? အဘိညာ ဝါ အဘိညာပါဒကဇ္ဈာနံ ဝါ, အဝသာနေ ပန ဆဋ္ဌာဘိညာယ အရဟတ္တံ ဝါ ကာရဏံ, အရဟတ္တဿ ဝိပဿနာ ဝါတိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ. ယဉှိ တံ တတြ တတြ သက္ခိဘဗ္ဗတာသင်္ခါတံ ဣဒ္ဓိဝိဓပစ္စနုဘဝနာဒိ, တဿ အဘိညာ ကာရဏံ. အထ ဣဒ္ဓိဝိဓပစ္စနုဘဝနာဒိ အဘိညာ, ဧဝံ သတိ အဘိညာပါဒကဇ္ဈာနံ ကာရဏံ. အရဟတ္တမ္ပိ ‘‘ကုဒါဿု နာမာဟံ တဒါယတနံ ဥပသမ္ပဇ္ဇ ဝိဟရိဿာမီ’’တိ အနုတ္တရေသု ဝိမောက္ခေသု ပိဟံ ဥပဋ္ဌပေတွာ ဆဋ္ဌာဘိညံ နိဗ္ဗတ္တေန္တဿ ကာရဏံ. ဣဒဉ္စ သဗ္ဗသာဓာရဏံ န ဟောတိ, သာဓာရဏဝသေန ပန အရဟတ္တဿ ဝိပဿနာ ကာရဏံ. အထ ဝါ သတိ အာယတနေတိ တဿ တဿ ဝိသေသာဓိဂမဿ ဥပနိဿယသင်္ခါတေ ကာရဏေ သတီတိ ဧဝမေတ္ထ အတ္ထော ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗော.

71-74. In the seventh discourse, 'tasmiṃ tasmiṃ visese' (in each specific case) means 'in each specific distinction to be realized' (tasmiṃ tasmiṃ sacchikātabbe visese). One is capable of witnessing, capable of making things directly present (sakkhibhabbo); the state of being so is 'sakkhibhabbatā'. That is 'sakkhibhabbataṃ'. 'Sati āyatane' means 'when there is a cause' (sati kāraṇe). What is the cause here? It should be understood that either direct knowledge (abhiññā) or the jhāna that is the basis for direct knowledge is the cause; or, ultimately, arahantship by means of the sixth direct knowledge is the cause; or it is the insight leading to arahantship. For whatever is designated as 'witness-capability' in various instances—such as experiencing the kinds of psychic power—direct knowledge is the cause. If the experience of the kinds of psychic power and so on is direct knowledge, then in that case the jhāna that is the basis for direct knowledge is the cause. Even arahantship becomes the cause for one who produces the sixth direct knowledge after having established a longing for the unsurpassed liberations with the thought, 'When will I enter and dwell in that sphere?' And this is not common to all; in a general sense, however, the insight leading to arahantship is the cause. Alternatively, 'sati āyatane' means 'when there is a cause,' that is, a supporting condition for achieving each specific distinction. This is how the meaning should be understood here.

ဟာနဘာဂိယာဒီသု ‘‘ပဌမဇ္ဈာနဿ လာဘိံ ကာမသဟဂတာ သညာမနသိကာရာ သမုဒါစရန္တိ, ဟာနဘာဂိယော သမာဓိ. တဒနုဓမ္မတာ သတိ သန္တိဋ္ဌတိ, ဌိတိဘာဂိယော သမာဓိ. အဝိတက္ကသဟဂတာ သညာမနသိကာရာ သမုဒါစရန္တိ, ဝိသေသဘာဂိယော သမာဓိ. နိဗ္ဗိဒါသဟဂတာ သညာမနသိကာရာ သမုဒါစရန္တိ ဝိရာဂူပသံဟိတာ, နိဗ္ဗေဓဘာဂိယော သမာဓီ’’တိ (ဝိဘ. ၇၉၉) ဣမိနာ နယေန သဗ္ဗသမာပတ္တိယော ဝိတ္ထာရေတွာ ဟာနဘာဂိယာဒိအတ္ထော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. တတ္ထ ပဌမဇ္ဈာနဿ လာဘိန္တိ ယွာယံ အပ္ပဂုဏဿ ပဌမဿ ဈာနဿ လာဘီ, တံ. ကာမသဟဂတာ သညာမနသိကာရာ သမုဒါစရန္တီတိ တတော ဝုဋ္ဌိတံ အာရမ္မဏဝသေန ကာမသဟဂတာ ဟုတွာ သညာမနသိကာရာ သမုဒါစရန္တိ တုဒန္တိ, တဿ ကာမာနတီတဿ ကာမာနုပက္ခန္ဒာနံ သညာမနသိကာရာနံ ဝသေန သော ပဌမဇ္ဈာနသမာဓိ ဟာယတိ ပရိဟာယတိ, တသ္မာ ဟာနဘာဂိယော ဝုတ္တော. တဒနုဓမ္မတာတိ တဒနုရူပသဘာဝေါ. သတိ သန္တိဋ္ဌတီတိ ဣဒံ မိစ္ဆာသတိံ သန္ဓာယ ဝုတ္တံ. ယဿ ဟိ ပဌမဇ္ဈာနာနုရူပသဘာဝါ ပဌမဇ္ဈာနံ သန္တတော ပဏီတတော ဒိသွာ အဿာဒယမာနာ အဘိနန္ဒမာနာ နိကန္တိ ဟောတိ, တဿ နိကန္တိဝသေန သော ပဌမဇ္ဈာနသမာဓိ နေဝ ဟာယတိ န ဝဍ္ဎတိ, ဌိတိကောဋ္ဌာသိကော ဟောတိ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ [Pg.144] ‘‘ဌိတိဘာဂိယော သမာဓီ’’တိ. အဝိတက္ကသဟဂတာတိ အဝိတက္ကံ ဒုတိယဇ္ဈာနံ သန္တတော ပဏီတတော မနသိကရောတော အာရမ္မဏဝသေန အဝိတက္ကသဟဂတာ. သညာမနသိကာရာ သမုဒါစရန္တီတိ ပဂုဏပဌမဇ္ဈာနတော ဝုဋ္ဌိတံ ဒုတိယဇ္ဈာနာဓိဂမတ္ထာယ စောဒေန္တိ တုဒန္တိ. တဿ ဥပရိ ဒုတိယဇ္ဈာနာနုပက္ခန္ဒာနံ သညာမနသိကာရာနံ ဝသေန သော ပဌမဇ္ဈာနသမာဓိ ဝိသေသဘူတဿ ဒုတိယဇ္ဈာနဿ ဥပ္ပတ္တိပဒဋ္ဌာနတာယ ‘‘ဝိသေသဘာဂိယော’’တိ ဝုတ္တော.

In the section on decline and so forth, the meaning of 'associated with decline' and so on should be understood by elaborating all attainments in this way, as stated: 'For one who has attained the first jhāna, perceptions and attention connected with sensuality arise—this is concentration associated with decline. When mindfulness in accordance with that nature persists—this is concentration associated with stability. Perceptions and attention connected with the absence of thought arise—this is concentration associated with distinction. Perceptions and attention connected with disenchantment arise, directed toward dispassion—this is concentration associated with penetration.' (Vibh 799). Here, 'one who has attained the first jhāna' refers to one who has attained the first jhāna of lesser quality. 'Perceptions and attention connected with sensuality arise' means that after emerging from it, perceptions and attention connected with sensuality arise through the object, assailing him. For one who has not transcended sensual pleasures, due to those perceptions and attention that incline toward sensual pleasures, his first jhāna concentration declines and deteriorates. Therefore, it is called 'associated with decline.' 'In accordance with that nature' means having a nature corresponding to it. 'When mindfulness persists' is said with reference to wrong mindfulness. For one who, seeing the first jhāna as peaceful and sublime in accordance with its nature, delights in it, enjoys it, and has a craving for it—due to that craving, his first jhāna concentration neither declines nor grows but remains in a state of stability. Hence, it is called 'concentration associated with stability.' 'Connected with the absence of thought' refers to one who attends to the second jhāna, which is free of thought, as peaceful and sublime; through the object, his attention is connected with the absence of thought. 'Perceptions and attention arise' means they urge and prod one who has emerged from a proficient first jhāna for the purpose of attaining the second jhāna. Due to those perceptions and attention that incline toward the higher second jhāna, his first jhāna concentration is called 'associated with distinction' because it serves as the basis for the arising of the distinguished second jhāna.

နိဗ္ဗိဒါသဟဂတာတိ တမေဝ ပဌမဇ္ဈာနလာဘိံ ဈာနတော ဝုဋ္ဌိတံ နိဗ္ဗိဒါသင်္ခါတေန ဝိပဿနာဉာဏေန သဟဂတာ. ဝိပဿနာဉာဏဉှိ ဈာနင်္ဂေသု ပဘေဒေန ဥပဋ္ဌဟန္တေသု နိဗ္ဗိန္ဒတိ ဥက္ကဏ္ဌတိ, တသ္မာ ‘‘နိဗ္ဗိဒါ’’တိ ဝုစ္စတိ. သမုဒါစရန္တီတိ နိဗ္ဗာနသစ္ဆိကိရိယတ္ထာယ စောဒေန္တိ တုဒန္တိ. ဝိရာဂူပသံဟိတာတိ ဝိရာဂသင်္ခါတေန နိဗ္ဗာနေန ဥပသံဟိတာ. ဝိပဿနာဉာဏဉှိ သက္ကာ ဣမိနာ မဂ္ဂေန ဝိရာဂံ နိဗ္ဗာနံ သစ္ဆိကာတုန္တိ ပဝတ္တိတော ‘‘ဝိရာဂူပသံဟိတ’’န္တိ ဝုစ္စတိ. တံသမ္ပယုတ္တာ သညာမနသိကာရာ ဝိရာဂူပသံဟိတာ ဧဝ နာမ. တဿ တေသံ သညာမနသိကာရာနံ ဝသေန ပဌမဇ္ဈာနသမာဓိ အရိယမဂ္ဂပ္ပဋိဝေဓဿ ပဒဋ္ဌာနတာယ ‘‘နိဗ္ဗေဓဘာဂိယော’’တိ ဝုတ္တော. ဟာနံ ဘဇန္တီတိ ဟာနဘာဂိယာ, ဟာနဘာဂေါ ဝါ ဧတေသံ အတ္ထီတိ ဟာနဘာဂိယာ, ပရိဟာနကောဋ္ဌာသိကာတိ အတ္ထော. ဣမိနာ နယေန ဌိတိဘာဂိယော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. အဋ္ဌမာဒီနိ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထာနေဝ.

'Accompanied by disenchantment' (nibbidāsahagatā) means they are accompanied by the insight knowledge called 'disenchantment' (nibbidā) for that same attainer of the first jhāna who has emerged from the jhāna. For when the factors of jhāna appear distinctly, insight knowledge becomes disenchanted and weary of them; hence it is called 'disenchantment.' 'They occur' (samudācaranti) means they urge and prod for the sake of realizing Nibbāna. 'Connected with dispassion' (virāgūpasaṃhitā) means connected with Nibbāna, which is designated as 'dispassion.' Because insight knowledge proceeds with the thought, 'By this path, it is possible to realize dispassion, Nibbāna,' it is called 'connected with dispassion.' The perceptions and attentions associated with it are indeed called 'connected with dispassion.' On account of these perceptions and attentions, the concentration of the first jhāna, being a basis for the penetration of the noble path, is called 'partaking of penetration' (nibbedhabhāgiyo). 'Partaking of decline' (hānabhāgiyā) means 'they partake of decline' (hānaṃ bhajanti), or 'they have a share in decline' (hānabhāgo vā etesaṃ atthi); the meaning is 'belonging to the portion of decline.' In this way, 'partaking of stability' (ṭhitibhāgiyo) should be understood. The eighth and following are clear in meaning.

သက္ခိဘဗ္ဗသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Sakkhibhabba Sutta and so forth is concluded.

ဒေဝတာဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Devatā Vagga is concluded.

၈. အရဟတ္တဝဂ္ဂေါ

8. The Chapter on Arahantship

၁-၃. ဒုက္ခသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

1–3. Commentary on the Dukkha Sutta and so forth.

၇၅-၇၇. အဋ္ဌမဿ ပဌမာဒီသု နတ္ထိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗံ. တတိယေ တိဝိဓံ ကုဟနဝတ္ထုန္တိ ပစ္စယပ္ပဋိသေဝနသာမန္တဇပ္ပနဣရိယာပထပ္ပဝတ္တနသင်္ခါတံ တိဝိဓံ ကုဟနဝတ္ထုံ. ဥက္ခိပိတွာတိ ‘‘မဟာကုဋုမ္ဗိကော မဟာနာဝိကော မဟာဒါနပတီ’’တိအာဒိနာ ပဂ္ဂဏှိတွာ လပနံ. အဝက္ခိပိတွာတိ ‘‘ကိံ ဣမဿ ဇီဝိတံ, ဗီဇဘောဇနော နာမာယ’’န္တိ ဟီဠေတွာ လပနံ.

75–77. Regarding the first and following points of the eighth sutta, there is nothing to be said. In the third, 'the threefold basis for deceit' means the threefold basis for deceit designated as the use of requisites, hinting, and the adoption of postures. 'Having extolled' (ukkhipitvā) means speaking after praising with phrases such as, “A great householder, a great shipowner, a great benefactor.” 'Having disparaged' (avakkhipitvā) means speaking after belittling with phrases such as, “What is this life of his? He is a mere seed-eater.”

ဒုက္ခသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Dukkha Sutta and so forth is concluded.

၄. သုခသောမနဿသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

4. Commentary on the Sukhasomanassa Sutta

၇၈. စတုတ္ထေ [Pg.145] ယထာဝုတ္တဓမ္မာဒီသု တဿ ကိလေသနိမိတ္တံ ဒုက္ခံ အနဝဿနန္တိ ‘‘သုခသောမနဿဗဟုလော ဝိဟရတီ’’တိ ဝုတ္တံ. ကာယိကသုခဉ္စေဝ စေတသိကသောမနဿဉ္စ ဗဟုလံ အဿာတိ သုခသောမနဿဗဟုလော. ယဝတိ တေန ဖလံ မိဿိတံ ဝိယ ဟောတီတိ ယောနိ, ဧကန္တိကံ ကာရဏံ. အဿာတိ ယထာဝုတ္တဿ ဘိက္ခုနော. ပရိပုဏ္ဏန္တိ အဝိကလံ အနဝသေသံ.

78. In the fourth, regarding the qualities as stated, because the suffering that is the sign of his defilements does not flow down, it is said, “He dwells abundant in pleasure and joy.” 'Abundant in pleasure and joy' (sukhasomanassabahulo) means he has abundant bodily pleasure and mental joy. 'Source' (yoni) is the decisive cause, so called because the fruit is, as it were, blended with it. 'His' (assa) refers to the aforementioned bhikkhu. 'Complete' (paripuṇṇaṃ) means without deficiency, without remainder.

သုခသောမနဿသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Sukhasomanassa Sutta is concluded.

၅. အဓိဂမသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

5. Commentary on the Adhigama Sutta

၇၉. ပဉ္စမေ အာဂစ္ဆန္တိ ဧတေန ကုသလာ ဝါ အကုသလာ ဝါတိ အာဂမနံ, ကုသလာကုသလာနံ ဥပ္ပတ္တိကာရဏံ. တတ္ထ ကုသလောတိ အာဂမနကုသလော. ဧဝံ ဓမ္မေ မနသိကရောတော ကုသလာ ဝါ အကုသလာ ဝါ ဓမ္မာ အဘိဝဍ္ဎန္တီတိ ဧဝံ ဇာနန္တော. အပဂစ္ဆန္တိ ကုသလာ ဝါ အကုသလာ ဝါ ဧတေနာတိ အပဂမနံ. တေသံ ဧဝ အနုပ္ပတ္တိကာရဏံ, တတ္ထ ကုသလောတိ အပဂမနကုသလော. ဧဝံ ဓမ္မေ မနသိကရောတော ကုသလာ ဝါ အကုသလာ ဝါ ဓမ္မာ နာဘိဝဍ္ဎန္တီတိ ဧဝံ ဇာနန္တော. ဥပါယကုသလောတိ ဌာနုပ္ပတ္တိကပညာသမန္နာဂတော. ဣဒဉ္စ အစ္စာယိကကိစ္စေ ဝါ ဘယေ ဝါ ဥပ္ပန္နေ တဿ တိကိစ္ဆနတ္ထံ ဌာနုပ္ပတ္တိယာ ကာရဏဇာနနဝသေန ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ.

79. In the fifth, 'coming' (āgamana) is so called because 'by this, wholesome or unwholesome states come.' It is the cause for the arising of wholesome and unwholesome states. Herein, 'skillful' means skillful in coming; that is, knowing thus: 'When one attends to things in this way, wholesome or unwholesome states increase.' 'Departing' (apagamana) is so called because 'by this, wholesome or unwholesome states depart.' It is the cause for their non-arising. Herein, 'skillful' means skillful in departing; that is, knowing thus: 'When one attends to things in this way, wholesome or unwholesome states do not increase.' 'Skillful in means' (upāyakusalo) means endowed with the wisdom of ready wit. And this should be understood as knowing the reason for a ready response in order to remedy an urgent matter or a danger that has arisen.

အဓိဂမသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Adhigama Sutta is concluded.

၆-၇. မဟန္တတ္တသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

6–7. Commentary on the Mahantatta Sutta and so forth.

၈၀-၈၁. ဆဋ္ဌေ သမ္ပတ္တေတိ ကိလေသေ သမ္ပတ္တေ. သတ္တမံ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

80–81. In the sixth, 'when encountered' (sampatte) means when defilements are encountered. The seventh is clear in meaning.

မဟန္တတ္တသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Mahantatta Sutta and so forth is concluded.

၈-၁၀. ဒုတိယနိရယသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

8–10. Commentary on the Second Niraya Sutta and so forth.

၈၂-၈၄. အဋ္ဌမေ [Pg.146] ကာယပါဂဗ္ဘိယာဒီဟီတိ အာဒိ-သဒ္ဒေန ဝစီပါဂဗ္ဘိယံ မနောပါဂဗ္ဘိယဉ္စ သင်္ဂဏှာတိ. နဝမာဒီနိ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထာနေဝ.

82–84. In the eighth, in the phrase 'with bodily impudence, and so forth,' the word 'and so forth' includes verbal impudence and mental impudence. The ninth and following are clear in meaning.

ဒုတိယနိရယသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Second Niraya Sutta and so forth is concluded.

အရဟတ္တဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Chapter on Arahantship is concluded.

၉. သီတိဝဂ္ဂေါ

9. The Chapter on Coolness

၁. သီတိဘာဝသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

1. Commentary on the Sītibhāva Sutta

၈၅. နဝမဿ ပဌမေ သီတိဘာဝန္တိ နိဗ္ဗာနံ, ကိလေသဝူပသမံ ဝါ. နိဂ္ဂဏှာတီတိ အစ္စာရဒ္ဓဝီရိယတာဒီဟိ ဥဒ္ဓတံ စိတ္တံ ဥဒ္ဓစ္စပက္ခတော ရက္ခဏဝသေန နိဂ္ဂဏှာတိ. ပဂ္ဂဏှာတီတိ အတိသိထိလဝီရိယတာဒီဟိ လီနံ စိတ္တံ ကောသဇ္ဇပါတတော ရက္ခဏဝသေန ပဂ္ဂဏှာတိ. သမ္ပဟံသေတီတိ သမပ္ပဝတ္တစိတ္တံ တထာပဝတ္တိယံ ပညာယ တောသေတိ ဥတ္တေဇေတိ ဝါ. ယဒါ ဝါ ပညာပယောဂမန္ဒတာယ ဥပသမသုခါနဓိဂမေန ဝါ နိရဿာဒံ စိတ္တံ ဘာဝနာယ န ပက္ခန္ဒတိ, တဒါ ဇာတိအာဒီနိ သံဝေဂဝတ္ထူနိ ပစ္စဝေက္ခိတွာ သမ္ပဟံသေတိ သမုတ္တေဇေတိ. အဇ္ဈုပေက္ခတီတိ ယဒါ ပန စိတ္တံ အလီနံ အနုဒ္ဓတံ အနိရဿာဒံ အာရမ္မဏေ သမပ္ပဝတ္တံ သမ္မဒေဝ ဘာဝနာဝီတိံ ဩတိဏ္ဏံ ဟောတိ, တဒါ ပဂ္ဂဟနိဂ္ဂဟသမ္ပဟံသနေသု ကိဉ္စိ ဗျာပါရံ အကတွာ သမပ္ပဝတ္တေသု အဿေသု သာရထီ ဝိယ အဇ္ဈုပေက္ခတိ, ဥပေက္ခကောဝ ဟောတိ. ပဏီတာဓိမုတ္တိကောတိ ပဏီတေ ဥတ္တမေ မဂ္ဂဖလေ အဓိမုတ္တော နိန္နပေါဏပဗ္ဘာရော.

85. In the first of the ninth, 'the state of coolness' (sītibhāvaṃ) means Nibbāna, or the stilling of defilements. 'One restrains' (niggaṇhāti) means that with excessive energy and so forth, one restrains the agitated mind, guarding it from the side of restlessness. 'One encourages' (paggaṇhāti) means that with overly slack energy and so forth, one encourages the sluggish mind, guarding it from falling into laziness. 'One gladdens' (sampahaṃseti) means one delights or inspires a properly engaged mind with wisdom in that very engagement. Or, when the mind, due to dullness in the application of wisdom or through not attaining the bliss of tranquility, is without relish and does not leap toward meditation, then one reflects on the grounds for spiritual urgency, such as birth, and so forth, and gladdens and inspires it. 'One looks on with equanimity' (ajjhupekkhati) means that when the mind is neither sluggish nor agitated nor without relish, but is properly engaged in the object and has rightly entered upon the path of meditation, then, without making any effort in encouraging, restraining, or gladdening, one looks on with equanimity, like a charioteer with well-behaved horses; one becomes equanimous. 'Resolved on the sublime' (paṇītādhimuttiko) means one is resolved on, inclined to, sloping towards, and bent on the sublime, the supreme path and fruit.

သီတိဘာဝသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Sītibhāva Sutta is concluded.

၂-၁၁. အာဝရဏသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

2–11. Commentary on the Āvaraṇa Sutta and so forth.

၈၆-၉၅. ဒုတိယေ အစ္ဆန္ဒိကောတိ ကတ္တုကမျတာကုသလစ္ဆန္ဒရဟိတော. ဥတ္တရကုရုကာ မနုဿာ အစ္ဆန္ဒိကဋ္ဌာနံ ပဝိဋ္ဌာ. ဒုပ္ပညောတိ ဘဝင်္ဂပညာယ ပရိဟီနော[Pg.147]. ဘဝင်္ဂပညာယ ပန ပရိပုဏ္ဏာယပိ ယဿ ဘဝင်္ဂံ လောကုတ္တရဿ ပစ္စယော န ဟောတိ, သောပိ ဒုပ္ပညော ဧဝ နာမ. အဘဗ္ဗော နိယာမံ ဩက္ကမိတုံ ကုသလေသု ဓမ္မေသု သမ္မတ္တန္တိ ကုသလေသု ဓမ္မေသု သမ္မတ္တနိယာမသင်္ခါတံ အရိယမဂ္ဂံ ဩက္ကမိတုံ အဓိဂန္တုံ အဘဗ္ဗော. န ကမ္မာဝရဏတာယာတိအာဒီသု အဘဗ္ဗဝိပရိယာယေန အတ္ထော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. စတုတ္ထာဒီနိ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထာနိ.

86–95. In the second, 'without desire' (acchandiko) means devoid of wholesome desire, which is the wish to act. The humans of Uttarakuru have entered the state of being without desire. 'Of weak wisdom' (duppañño) means deficient in the wisdom of the life-continuum. However, even one whose wisdom of the life-continuum is complete, if his life-continuum is not a condition for the supramundane, he too is called 'of weak wisdom.' 'Incapable of entering the fixed course of rightness in wholesome states' means incapable of entering, of attaining, the noble path, which is designated as the fixed course of rightness in wholesome states. In phrases such as 'not due to the obstruction of kamma,' the meaning should be understood as the opposite of 'incapable.' The fourth and following are clear in meaning.

အာဝရဏသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Āvaraṇa Sutta and so forth is concluded.

သီတိဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Sītivagga is concluded.

၁၀. အာနိသံသဝဂ္ဂေါ

10. The Chapter on Advantages

၁-၁၁. ပါတုဘာဝသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

1–11. Commentary on the Pātubhāva Sutta and so forth.

၉၆-၁၀၆. ဒသမဿ ပဌမာဒီသု နတ္ထိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗံ. အဋ္ဌမေ မေတ္တာ ဧတဿ အတ္ထီတိ မေတ္တာဝါ, တဿ ဘာဝေါ မေတ္တာဝတာ, မေတ္တာပဋိပတ္တိ, တာယ. သာ ပန မေတ္တာဝတာ မေတ္တာဝသေန ပါရိစရိယာတိ အာဟ ‘‘မေတ္တာယုတ္တာယ ပါရိစရိယာယာ’’တိ. ပရိစရန္တိ ဝိပ္ပကတဗြဟ္မစရိယတ္တာ. ပရိစိဏ္ဏသတ္ထုကေန သာဝကေန နာမ သတ္ထုနော ယာဝ ဓမ္မေန ကာတဗ္ဗာ ပါရိစရိယာ, တာယ သမ္မဒေဝ သမ္ပာဒိတတ္တာ. နဝမာဒီနိ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထာနိ.

96-106. Regarding the tenth section, from the first sutta onwards, there is nothing to be said. In the eighth, `mettāvā` is one for whom there is loving-kindness (`mettā etassa atthīti`); its state is `mettāvatā`, that is, the practice of loving-kindness; by that. But that `mettāvatā` is service by way of loving-kindness; thus it is said, 'by service endowed with loving-kindness' (`mettāyuttāya pāricariyāyā`ti). They serve because their holy life is incomplete. For the service that should be rendered to the Teacher by a disciple who has served the Teacher is, by that, perfectly accomplished as is proper. The ninth and subsequent sections are clear in meaning.

ပါတုဘာဝသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Pātubhāva Sutta and others is concluded.

အာနိသံသဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Ānisaṃsa Vagga is concluded.

၁၀၇-၁၁၆. ဧကာဒသမဝဂ္ဂေါ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထောယေဝ.

107-116. The eleventh chapter is entirely clear in meaning.

ဣတိ မနောရထပူရဏိယာ အင်္ဂုတ္တရနိကာယ-အဋ္ဌကထာယ

Thus, in the Manorathapūraṇī, the commentary on the Aṅguttara Nikāya,

ဆက္ကနိပါတဝဏ္ဏနာယ အနုတ္တာနတ္ထဒီပနာ သမတ္တာ.

the elucidation of unclear meanings for the commentary on the Book of the Sixes is completed.

. နမော တဿ ဘဂဝတော အရဟတော သမ္မာသမ္ဗုဒ္ဓဿ.

Homage to the Blessed One, the Arahant, the Perfectly Self-Enlightened One.

အင်္ဂုတ္တရနိကာယေ

In the Aṅguttara Nikāya

သတ္တကနိပါတ-ဋီကာ

The Sub-commentary on the Book of the Sevens.

၁. ပဌမပဏ္ဏာသကံ

1. The First Fifty

၁. ဓနဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ

1. Commentary on the Chapter on Wealth

၁-၁၀. သတ္တကနိပါတဿ ပဌမော ဝဂ္ဂေါ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထော.

1-10. The first chapter of the Book of the Sevens has an easily understood meaning.

၂. အနုသယဝဂ္ဂေါ

2. The Section on Underlying Tendencies

၄.ပုဂ္ဂလသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

4. Commentary on the Puggala Sutta.

၁၄. ဒုတိယဿ [Pg.149] စတုတ္ထေ ဥဘတော ဥဘယထာ, ဥဘတော ဥဘောဟိ ဘာဂေဟိ ဝိမုတ္တောတိ ဥဘတောဘာဂဝိမုတ္တော ဧကဒေသသရူပေကသေသနယေန. ဒွီဟိ ဘာဂေဟီတိ ကရဏေ နိဿက္ကေ စေတံ ဗဟုဝစနံ. အာဝုတ္တိအာဒိဝသေန အယံ နိယမော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗောတိ အာဟ ‘‘အရူပသမာပတ္တိယာ’’တိအာဒိ. ဧတေန ‘‘သမာပတ္တိယာ ဝိက္ခမ္ဘနဝိမောက္ခေန, မဂ္ဂေန သမုစ္ဆေဒဝိမောက္ခေန ဝိမုတ္တတ္တာ ဥဘတောဘာဂဝိမုတ္တော’’တိ ဧဝံ ပဝတ္တော တိပိဋကစူဠနာဂတ္ထေရဝါဒေါ, ‘‘နာမကာယတော ရူပကာယတော စ ဝိမုတ္တတ္တာ ဥဘတောဘာဂဝိမုတ္တော’’တိ ဧဝံ ပဝတ္တော တိပိဋကမဟာရက္ခိတတ္ထေရဝါဒေါ, ‘‘သမာပတ္တိယာ ဝိက္ခမ္ဘနဝိမောက္ခေန ဧကဝါရံ, မဂ္ဂေန သမုစ္ဆေဒဝိမောက္ခေန ဧကဝါရံ ဝိမုတ္တတ္တာ ဥဘတောဘာဂဝိမုတ္တော’’တိ ဧဝံ ပဝတ္တော တိပိဋကစူဠာဘယတ္ထေရဝါဒေါ စာတိ ဣမေသံ တိဏ္ဏမ္ပိ ထေရဝါဒါနံ ဧကဇ္ဈံ သင်္ဂဟော ကတောတိ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗံ. ဧတ္ထ စ ပဌမဝါဒေ ဒွီဟိ ဘာဂေဟိ ဝိမုတ္တော ဥဘတောဘာဂဝိမုတ္တော ဝုတ္တော, ဒုတိယဝါဒေ ဥဘတော ဘာဂတော ဝိမုတ္တောတိ ဥဘတောဘာဂဝိမုတ္တော, တတိယဝါဒေ ဒွီဟိ ဘာဂေဟိ ဒွေ ဝါရေ ဝိမုတ္တောတိ အယမေတေသံ ဝိသေသောတိ. ဝိမုတ္တောတိ ကိလေသေဟိ ဝိမုတ္တော, ကိလေသဝိက္ခမ္ဘနသမုစ္ဆေဒနေဟိ ဝါ ကာယတော ဝိမုတ္တောဟိ အတ္ထော.

14. In the fourth sutta of the second vagga, `ubhatobhāgavimutto` (released both ways) means released from both (`ubhato`), in both ways (`ubhayathā`); released from both parts (`ubhohi bhāgehi`), by way of the `ekasesa` method where one part represents the whole of a similar kind. The plural 'by two parts' is in the instrumental case, and this is in the sense of 'without remainder'. This rule should be understood by way of repetition and so forth, thus it is said: 'by the formless attainment,' and so on. By this, it should be understood that the view of the Elder Cūḷanāga of the Tipiṭaka—'one is called released both ways because one is released by the suppression-liberation of attainment and by the eradication-liberation of the path'—the view of the Elder Mahārakkhita of the Tipiṭaka—'one is called released both ways because one is released from the mental body and the physical body'—and the view of the Elder Cūḷābhaya of the Tipiṭaka—'one is called released both ways because one is released once by the suppression-liberation of attainment and once by the eradication-liberation of the path'—that these three elders' views have been brought together as one. And here, in the first view, 'released both ways' is said of one released by two parts; in the second view, 'released both ways' is one released from both parts; in the third view, it is one released by two parts two times—this is the distinction among them. 'Released' means released from defilements, or the meaning is released from the body by the suppression and eradication of defilements.

သောတိ ဥဘတောဘာဂဝိမုတ္တော. ကာမဉ္စေတ္ထ ရူပါဝစရစတုတ္ထဇ္ဈာနမ္ပိ အရူပါဝစရဇ္ဈာနံ ဝိယ ဒုဝင်္ဂိကံ အာနေဉ္ဇပ္ပတ္တန္တိ ဝုစ္စတိ. တံ ပန ပဒဋ္ဌာနံ ကတွာ အရဟတ္တံ ပတ္တော ဥဘတောဘာဂဝိမုတ္တော နာမ န ဟောတိ ရူပကာယတော [Pg.150] အဝိမုတ္တတ္တာ. တဉှိ ကိလေသကာယတောဝ ဝိမုတ္တံ, န ရူပကာယတော, တသ္မာ တတော ဝုဋ္ဌာယ အရဟတ္တံ ပတ္တော ဥဘတောဘာဂဝိမုတ္တော န ဟောတီတိ အာဟ ‘‘စတုန္နံ အရူပ…ပေ… ပဉ္စဝိဓော ဟောတီ’’တိ. အရူပသမာပတ္တီနန္တိ နိဒ္ဓါရဏေ သာမိဝစနံ. အရဟတ္တံ ပတ္တအနာဂါမိနောတိ ဘူတပုဗ္ဗဂတိယာ ဝုတ္တံ. န ဟိ အရဟတ္တံ ပတ္တော အနာဂါမီ နာမ ဟောတိ. ‘‘ရူပီ ရူပါနိ ပဿတီ’’တိအာဒိကေ နိရောဓသမာပတ္တိအန္တေ အဋ္ဌ ဝိမောက္ခေ ဝတွာ –

He is one released both ways. Here, even the fourth jhāna of the form realm, like a formless jhāna, is called 'attained to imperturbability' due to having two factors. However, one who attains arahantship based on that is not called 'released both ways,' because one is not released from the form body. For one is released only from the body of defilements, not from the form body; therefore, one who emerges from that and attains arahantship is not 'released both ways.' Hence, it is said, 'Of the four formless... it is fivefold.' The term 'of the formless attainments' is a genitive expression used in determination. 'A non-returner who has attained arahantship' is said with reference to a previous state. For one who has attained arahantship is not called a non-returner. Having spoken of the eight liberations, from 'One with form sees forms' up to the attainment of cessation—

‘‘ယတော စ ခေါ, အာနန္ဒ, ဘိက္ခု ဣမေ အဋ္ဌ ဝိမောက္ခေ ကာယေန ဖုသိတွာ ဝိဟရတိ, ပညာယ စဿ ဒိသွာ အာသဝါ ပရိက္ခီဏာ ဟောန္တိ. အယံ ဝုစ္စတိ, အာနန္ဒ, ဘိက္ခု ဥဘတောဘာဂဝိမုတ္တော’’တိ –

And when, Ānanda, a bhikkhu dwells having contacted these eight liberations with his body, and his taints are destroyed through having seen with wisdom, this bhikkhu, Ānanda, is called one released both ways.

ယဒိပိ မဟာနိဒါနေ (ဒီ. နိ. ၂.၁၃၀) ဝုတ္တံ, တံ ပန ဥဘတောဘာဂဝိမုတ္တသေဋ္ဌဝသေန ဝုတ္တန္တိ, ဣဓ ပန သဗ္ဗဥဘတောဘာဂဝိမုတ္တေ သင်္ဂဟဏတ္ထံ ‘‘ပဉ္စဝိဓော ဟောတီ’’တိ ဝတွာ ‘‘ပါဠိ ပနေတ္ထ…ပေ… အဋ္ဌဝိမောက္ခလာဘိနော ဝသေန အာဂတာ’’တိ အာဟ. မဇ္ဈိမနိကာယေ ပန ကီဋာဂိရိသုတ္တေ (မ. နိ. ၂.၁၈၂) –

Even though it is stated in the Mahānidāna (Dī. Ni. 2.130), that, however, is said in terms of the foremost of those released both ways. Here, however, to include all those released both ways, having said 'There are five kinds,' it is explained, 'The Pāli here... up to... comes in terms of those who attain the eight liberations.' In the Majjhima Nikāya, however, in the Kīṭāgiri Sutta (Ma. Ni. 2.182)—

‘‘ကတမော စ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, ပုဂ္ဂလော ဥဘတောဘာဂဝိမုတ္တော? ဣဓ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, ဧကစ္စော ပုဂ္ဂလော ယေ တေ သန္တာ ဝိမောက္ခာ အတိက္ကမ္မ ရူပေ အာရုပ္ပာ, တေ ကာယေန ဖုသိတွာ ဝိဟရတိ, ပညာယ စဿ ဒိသွာ အာသဝါ ပရိက္ခီဏာ ဟောန္တိ. အယံ ဝုစ္စတိ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, ပုဂ္ဂလော ဥဘတောဘာဂဝိမုတ္တော’’တိ –

And what, bhikkhus, is the person released in both ways? Here, bhikkhus, a certain person, transcending forms, contacts with his body those peaceful liberations that are formless, and his taints are destroyed by seeing with wisdom. This, bhikkhus, is called the person released in both ways.

အရူပသမာပတ္တိဝသေန စတ္တာရော ဥဘတောဘာဂဝိမုတ္တာ, သေဋ္ဌော စ ဝုတ္တော ဝုတ္တလက္ခဏူပပတ္တိတော. ယထာဝုတ္တေသု ဟိ ပဉ္စသု ပုရိမာ စတ္တာရော သမာပတ္တိသီသံ နိရောဓံ န သမာပဇ္ဇန္တီတိ ပရိယာယေန ဥဘတောဘာဂဝိမုတ္တာ နာမ. အဋ္ဌသမာပတ္တိလာဘီ အနာဂါမီ တံ သမာပဇ္ဇိတွာ တတော ဝုဋ္ဌာယ ဝိပဿနံ ဝဍ္ဎေတွာ အရဟတ္တံ ပတ္တောတိ နိပ္ပရိယာယေန ဥဘတောဘာဂဝိမုတ္တသေဋ္ဌော နာမ.

By means of the formless attainments, four are released both ways, and the foremost is declared due to possessing the characteristics as stated. Indeed, among the five mentioned, the first four do not attain cessation at the peak of attainment; thus, they are called 'released both ways' in a qualified sense. An anāgāmī who has gained the eight attainments, having attained them and arisen from them, develops insight and attains arahantship; this is called the foremost 'released both ways' in an unqualified sense.

ကတမော စ ပုဂ္ဂလောတိအာဒိ ပုဂ္ဂလပညတ္တိပါဠိ. တတ္ထ ကတမောတိ ပုစ္ဆာဝစနံ. ပုဂ္ဂလောတိ အသာဓာရဏတော ပုစ္ဆိတဗ္ဗဝစနံ. ဣဓာတိ ဣဓသ္မိံ သာသနေ. ဧကစ္စောတိ ဧကော. အဋ္ဌ ဝိမောက္ခေ ကာယေန ဖုသိတွာ ဝိဟရတီတိ [Pg.151] အဋ္ဌ သမာပတ္တိယော သမာပဇ္ဇိတွာ နာမကာယတော ပဋိလဘိတွာ ဝိဟရတိ. ပညာယ စဿ ဒိသွာ အာသဝါ ပရိက္ခီဏာ ဟောန္တီတိ ဝိပဿနာပညာယ သင်္ခါရဂတံ, မဂ္ဂပညာယ စတ္တာရိ သစ္စာနိ ပဿိတွာ စတ္တာရောပိ အာသဝါ ပရိက္ခီဏာ ဟောန္တိ. ဒိသွာတိ ဒဿနဟေတု. န ဟိ အာသဝေ ပညာယ ပဿန္တိ, ဒဿနကာရဏာ ပန ပရိက္ခီဏာ ဒိသွာ ပရိက္ခီဏာတိ ဝုတ္တာ ဒဿနာယတ္တပရိက္ခယတ္တာ. ဧဝဉှိ ဒဿနံ အာသဝါနံ ခယဿ ပုရိမကိရိယာဘာဝေန ဝုတ္တံ.

And what is a person? This is the Person-Designation text. Therein, 'what' is a question. 'Person' is a term to be specifically asked about. 'Here' means in this Dispensation. 'Some' means one. 'Having contacted with his body the eight liberations, he dwells' means he attains the eight meditative attainments and dwells, having obtained them by way of the mental body. 'And through wisdom, having seen, his taints are destroyed' means through insight wisdom, seeing conditioned phenomena, and through path wisdom, seeing the four truths, all four taints are destroyed. 'Having seen' means 'due to seeing.' For taints are not seen by wisdom itself, but because they are destroyed due to seeing, it is said 'having seen, they are destroyed'—because their destruction is dependent on seeing. Thus, seeing is said to be the prior action in the destruction of the taints.

ပညာဝိမုတ္တောတိ ဝိသေသတော ပညာယ ဧဝ ဝိမုတ္တော, န တဿ အဓိဋ္ဌာနဘူတေန အဋ္ဌဝိမောက္ခသင်္ခါတေန သာတိသယေန သမာဓိနာတိ ပညာဝိမုတ္တော. ယော အရိယော အနဓိဂတအဋ္ဌဝိမောက္ခော သဗ္ဗသော အာသဝေဟိ ဝိမုတ္တော, တဿေတံ အဓိဝစနံ. အဓိဂတေပိ ဟိ ရူပဇ္ဈာနဝိမောက္ခေ န သော သာတိသယသမာဓိနိဿိတောတိ န တဿ ဝသေန ဥဘတောဘာဂဝိမုတ္တတာ ဟောတီတိ ဝုတ္တောဝါယမတ္ထော. အရူပဇ္ဈာနေသု ပန ဧကသ္မိမ္ပိ သတိ ဥဘတောဘာဂဝိမုတ္တောယေဝ နာမ ဟောတိ. တေန ဟိ အဋ္ဌဝိမောက္ခေကဒေသေန တံနာမဒါနသမတ္ထေန အဋ္ဌဝိမောက္ခလာဘီတွေဝ ဝုစ္စတိ. သမုဒါယေ ဟိ ပဝတ္တော ဝေါဟာရော အဝယဝေပိ ဒိဿတိ ယထာ တံ ‘‘သတ္တိသယော’’တိ အနဝသေသတော အာသဝါနံ ပရိက္ခီဏတ္တာ. အဋ္ဌဝိမောက္ခပဋိက္ခေပဝသေနေဝ န ဧကဒေသဘူတရူပဇ္ဈာနပ္ပဋိက္ခေပဝသေန. ဧဝဉှိ အရူပဇ္ဈာနေကဒေသာဘာဝေပိ အဋ္ဌဝိမောက္ခပဋိက္ခေပေါ န ဟောတီတိ သိဒ္ဓံ ဟောတိ. အရူပါဝစရဇ္ဈာနေသု ဟိ ဧကသ္မိမ္ပိ သတိ ဥဘတောဘာဂဝိမုတ္တောယေဝ နာမ ဟောတိ.

'Released by wisdom' means one released specifically by wisdom alone, not by the superior concentration that serves as its foundation, known as the eight liberations; thus one is 'released by wisdom.' This is a designation for a noble one who has not attained the eight liberations but is completely released from all taints. For even when the form-jhāna liberations are attained, since one is not dependent on superior concentration, one is not 'released both ways' by means of that; this meaning has already been stated. But if even one of the formless jhānas is present, one is indeed called 'released both ways.' Therefore, by a part of the eight liberations that is capable of conferring that name, one is indeed called an 'obtainer of the eight liberations.' For a conventional expression that applies to the whole is also seen to apply to a part, as in the case of 'a forest of spears.' This is because the taints are utterly destroyed. The exclusion is by way of rejecting the eight liberations as a whole, not by way of rejecting the form jhānas which are a part of them. Thus it is established that even in the absence of a part of the formless jhānas, there is no rejection of the eight liberations. For if even one of the formless-sphere jhānas is present, one is indeed called 'released both ways'.

ဖုဋ္ဌန္တံ သစ္ဆိကတောတိ ဖုဋ္ဌာနံ အန္တော ဖုဋ္ဌန္တော, ဖုဋ္ဌာနံ အရူပဇ္ဈာနာနံ အနန္တရော ကာလောတိ အဓိပ္ပာယော. အစ္စန္တသံယောဂေ စေတံ ဥပယောဂဝစနံ. တံ ဖုဋ္ဌာနန္တရကာလမေဝ သစ္ဆိကာတဗ္ဗံ သစ္ဆိကတော သစ္ဆိကရဏူပါယေနာတိ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ, ဘာဝနပုံသကံ ဝါ ဧတံ ‘‘ဧကမန္တံ နိသီဒီ’’တိအာဒီသု ဝိယ. ယော ဟိ အရူပဇ္ဈာနေန ရူပကာယတော နာမကာယေကဒေသတော စ ဝိက္ခမ္ဘနဝိမောက္ခေန ဝိမုတ္တော, တေန နိရောဓသင်္ခါတော ဝိမောက္ခော အာလောစိတော ပကာသိတော ဝိယ ဟောတိ, န ပန ကာယေန သစ္ဆိကတော. နိရောဓံ ပန အာရမ္မဏံ ကတွာ ဧကစ္စေသု အာသဝေသု ခေပိတေသု တေန သော သစ္ဆိကတော ဟောတိ, တသ္မာ သော သစ္ဆိကာတဗ္ဗံ နိရောဓံ ယထာအာလောစိတံ နာမကာယေန သစ္ဆိ ကရောတီတိ ‘‘ကာယသက္ခီ’’တိ ဝုစ္စတိ, န [Pg.152] တု ‘‘ဝိမုတ္တော’’တိ ဧကစ္စာနံ အာသဝါနံ အပရိက္ခီဏတ္တာ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဈာနဖဿံ ပဌမံ ဖုသတိ, ပစ္ဆာ နိရောဓံ နိဗ္ဗာနံ သစ္ဆိကရောတီ’’တိ. အယံ စတုန္နံ အရူပသမာပတ္တီနံ ဧကေကတော ဝုဋ္ဌာယ သင်္ခါရေ သမ္မသိတွာ ကာယသက္ခိဘာဝံ ပတ္တာနံ စတုန္နံ, နိရောဓာ ဝုဋ္ဌာယ အဂ္ဂမဂ္ဂပ္ပတ္တအနာဂါမိနော စ ဝသေန ဥဘတောဘာဂဝိမုတ္တော ဝိယ ပဉ္စဝိဓော နာမ ဟောတီတိ ဝုတ္တံ အဘိဓမ္မဋီကာယံ (ပု. ပ. မူလဋီ. ၂၄) ‘‘ကာယသက္ခိမှိပိ ဧသေဝ နယော’’တိ. ဧကစ္စေ အာသဝါတိ ဟေဋ္ဌိမမဂ္ဂဝဇ္ဈာ အာသဝါ.

“The end of what is touched is realized” means the end of the act of touching, that is, the time immediately after the immaterial jhānas have been experienced. This is a term of application denoting complete connection. It is said that what should be realized is to be realized at the very moment immediately after touching—through the means of realization—or this is a neuter verbal noun indicating a state, like in phrases such as “sat down to one side.” For one liberated through the immaterial jhāna, suppressing the form-body and a part of the mental body by way of liberation by suppression, the liberation called cessation is discerned and revealed, but not realized with the body. However, by making cessation the object and having eradicated some taints, one realizes it. Therefore, one who realizes with the mental body the cessation that is to be realized—as it has been discerned—is called a “body-witness,” but not “liberated,” because some taints remain uneradicated. Hence, it is said: “First, one contacts the jhāna-contact, then realizes cessation, Nibbāna.” This refers to the four types of individuals who emerge from each of the four immaterial attainments, contemplate formations, and attain the state of a body-witness, as well as the non-returner who attains the highest path after emerging from cessation. Thus, there are five types, similar to the one liberated in both ways, as stated in the Abhidhamma subcommentary (Puggalapaññatti Mūlaṭīkā 24): “The same method applies to the body-witness.” “Some taints” refers to the taints that are to be abandoned by the lower paths.

ဒိဋ္ဌန္တံ ပတ္တောတိ ဒဿနသင်္ခါတဿ သောတာပတ္တိမဂ္ဂဉာဏဿ အနန္တရံ ပတ္တောတိ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ. ‘‘ဒိဋ္ဌတ္တာ ပတ္တော’’တိပိ ပါဌော. ဧတေန စတုသစ္စဒဿနသင်္ခါတာယ ဒိဋ္ဌိယာ နိရောဓဿ ပတ္တတံ ဒီပေတိ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဒုက္ခာ သင်္ခါရာ’’တိအာဒိ. တတ္ထ ပညာယာတိ မဂ္ဂပညာယ. ပဌမဖလဋ္ဌတော ပဋ္ဌာယ ယာဝ အဂ္ဂမဂ္ဂဋ္ဌာ ဒိဋ္ဌိပ္ပတ္တော. တေနာဟ ‘‘သောပိ ကာယသက္ခီ ဝိယ ဆဗ္ဗိဓော ဟောတီ’’တိ. ယထာ ပန ပညာဝိမုတ္တော, ဧဝံ အယမ္ပိ သုက္ခဝိပဿကော စတူဟိ အရူပဇ္ဈာနေဟိ ဝုဋ္ဌာယ ဒိဋ္ဌိပ္ပတ္တဘာဝပ္ပတ္တာ စတ္တာရော စာတိ ပဉ္စဝိဓော ဟောတီတိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. သဒ္ဓါဝိမုတ္တေပိ ဧသေဝ နယော. ဣဒံ ဒုက္ခန္တိ ဧတ္တကံ ဒုက္ခံ, န ဣတော ဥဒ္ဓံ ဒုက္ခန္တိ. ယထာဘူတံ ပဇာနာတီတိ ဌပေတွာ တဏှံ ဥပါဒါနက္ခန္ဓပဉ္စကံ ဒုက္ခသစ္စန္တိ ယာထာဝတော ပဇာနာတိ. ယသ္မာ ပန တဏှာ ဒုက္ခံ ဇနေတိ နိဗ္ဗတ္တေတိ, တတော တံ ဒုက္ခံ သမုဒေတိ, တသ္မာ နံ ‘‘အယံ ဒုက္ခသမုဒယော’’တိ ယထာဘူတံ ပဇာနာတိ. ယသ္မာ ပန ဣဒံ ဒုက္ခဉ္စ သမုဒယော စ နိဗ္ဗာနံ ပတွာ နိရုဇ္ဈတိ, အပ္ပဝတ္တိံ ဂစ္ဆတိ, တသ္မာ န ‘‘အယံ ဒုက္ခနိရောဓော’’တိ ယထာဘူတံ ပဇာနာတိ. အရိယော ပန အဋ္ဌင်္ဂိကော မဂ္ဂေါ တံ ဒုက္ခနိရောဓံ ဂစ္ဆတိ, တေန တံ ‘‘အယံ ဒုက္ခနိရောဓဂါမိနီ ပဋိပဒါ’’တိ ယထာဘူတံ ပဇာနာတိ. ဧတ္တာဝတာ နာနာက္ခဏေ သစ္စဝဝတ္ထာနံ ဒဿိတံ. ဣဒါနိ တံ ဧကက္ခဏေ ဒဿေတုံ ‘‘တထာဂတပ္ပဝေဒိတာ’’တိအာဒိ ဝုတ္တံ. တထာဂတပ္ပဝေဒိတာတိ တထာဂတေန ဗောဓိမဏ္ဍေ ပဋိဝိဒ္ဓါ ဝိဒိတာ ပါကဋာ ကတာ. ဓမ္မာတိ စတုသစ္စဓမ္မာ. ဝေါဒိဋ္ဌာ ဟောန္တီတိ သုဒိဋ္ဌာ. ဝေါစရိတာတိ သုစရိတာ, ပညာယ သုဋ္ဌု စရာပိတာတိ အတ္ထော. အယန္တိ အယံ ဧဝရူပေါ ပုဂ္ဂလော ဒိဋ္ဌိပ္ပတ္တောတိ.

“One who has attained the end of seeing” means one who has attained immediately after the knowledge of the path of stream-entry, which is designated ‘seeing.’ There is also the reading ‘attained through seeing.’ This indicates the attainment of cessation through the view known as the vision of the four truths. Hence, it is said, “Formations are suffering,” and so on. Here, ‘by wisdom’ means by the wisdom of the path. From the stage of the first fruition up to the stage of the highest path, one is called a ‘view-attainer.’ Therefore, it is said, “He too, like the body-witness, is sixfold.” Just as the one liberated by wisdom, so too this dry-insight meditator, along with the four who attain the state of a view-attainer after emerging from the four formless attainments, becomes fivefold—this should be understood. The same method applies to the one liberated by faith. “This is suffering” means this much is suffering, not more than this. “He understands as it really is” means, setting aside craving, he rightly comprehends the five aggregates of clinging as the truth of suffering. Because craving produces and generates suffering, from that, suffering arises. Therefore, he understands as it really is: “This is the origin of suffering.” Because this suffering and its origin cease upon reaching Nibbāna and come to non-arising, he understands as it really is: “This is the cessation of suffering.” The noble eightfold path leads to the cessation of suffering. Therefore, he understands as it really is: “This is the path leading to the cessation of suffering.” Thus far, the determination of the truths at different moments has been shown. Now, to present them at a single moment, it is said: “Proclaimed by the Tathāgata,” and so on. “Proclaimed by the Tathāgata” means penetrated, known, and made manifest by the Tathāgata at the seat of enlightenment. “Dhammas” means the four noble truths. “Are well-seen” means are clearly seen. “Are well-practiced” means are well-cultivated, that is, thoroughly made to be practiced by wisdom. “This” means a person of such a kind is called a ‘view-attainer.’”

သဒ္ဓါယ ဝိမုတ္တောတိ သဒ္ဒဟနဝသေန ဝိမုတ္တော. ဧတေန သဗ္ဗထာ အဝိမုတ္တဿပိ သဒ္ဓါမတ္တေန ဝိမုတ္တဘာဝံ ဒဿေတိ. သဒ္ဓါဝိမုတ္တောတိ ဝါ သဒ္ဓါယ အဓိမုတ္တောတိ [Pg.153] အတ္ထော. ကိံ ပန နေသံ ကိလေသပ္ပဟာနေ နာနတ္တံ အတ္ထီတိ? နတ္ထိ. အထ ကသ္မာ သဒ္ဓါဝိမုတ္တော ဒိဋ္ဌိပ္ပတ္တံ န ပါပုဏာတီတိ? အာဂမနီယနာနတ္တေန. ဒိဋ္ဌိပ္ပတ္တော ဟိ အာဂမနမှိ ကိလေသေ ဝိက္ခမ္ဘေန္တော အပ္ပဒုက္ခေန အကသိရေန အကိလမန္တောဝ သက္ကောတိ ဝိက္ခမ္ဘိတုံ, သဒ္ဓါဝိမုတ္တော ပန ဒုက္ခေန ကသိရေန ကိလမန္တော သက္ကောတိ ဝိက္ခမ္ဘိတုံ, တသ္မာ သဒ္ဓါဝိမုတ္တော ဒိဋ္ဌိပ္ပတ္တံ န ပါပုဏာတိ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဧတဿ ဟီ’’တိအာဒိ. သဒ္ဒဟန္တဿာတိ ‘‘ဧကံသတော အယံ ပဋိပဒါ ကိလေသက္ခယံ အာဝဟတိ သမ္မာသမ္ဗုဒ္ဓေန ဘာသိတတ္တာ’’တိ ဧဝံ သဒ္ဒဟန္တဿ. ယသ္မာ ပနဿ အနိစ္စာနုပဿနာဒီဟိ နိစ္စသညာပဟာနဝသေန ဘာဝနာယ ပုဗ္ဗေနာပရံ ဝိသေသံ ပဿတော တတ္ထ တတ္ထ ပစ္စက္ခတာပိ အတ္ထိ, တသ္မာ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘သဒ္ဒဟန္တဿ ဝိယာ’’တိ. သေသပဒဒွယံ တဿေဝ ဝေဝစနံ. ဧတ္ထ စ ပုဗ္ဗဘာဂမဂ္ဂဘာဝနာတိ ဝစနေန အာဂမနီယနာနတ္တေန ဒိဋ္ဌိပ္ပတ္တသဒ္ဓါဝိမုတ္တာနံ ပညာနာနတ္တံ ဟောတီတိ ဒဿိတံ. အဘိဓမ္မဋ္ဌကထာယမ္ပိ (ပု. ပ. အဋ္ဌ. ၂၈) ‘‘နေသံ ကိလေသပ္ပဟာနေ နာနတ္တံ နတ္ထိ, ပညာယ နာနတ္တံ အတ္ထိယေဝါ’’တိ ဝတွာ ‘‘အာဂမနီယနာနတ္တေနေဝ သဒ္ဓါဝိမုတ္တော ဒိဋ္ဌိပ္ပတ္တံ န ပါပုဏာတီတိ သန္နိဋ္ဌာနံ ကတ’’န္တိ ဝုတ္တံ.

“One liberated by faith” means one liberated by way of faith. By this, it is shown that even one not liberated in all ways can have a state of liberation through mere faith. “Liberated by faith” means “one resolved by faith.” But is there any difference for them in the abandonment of defilements? There is not. Then why does one liberated by faith not attain the status of a view-attainer? Due to the difference in the preliminary path. For a view-attainer, while suppressing defilements on the preliminary path, is able to suppress them with little difficulty, without trouble, and without weariness. But one liberated by faith is able to suppress them only with difficulty, with trouble, and with weariness. Therefore, one liberated by faith does not attain the status of a view-attainer. Hence it is said, “For this one…” etc. “Of one who has faith” means of one who has faith thus: “This path certainly leads to the destruction of defilements because it was spoken by the Perfectly Enlightened One.” Moreover, because for him there is also direct experience in various respects as he sees the progressive distinction in his development by abandoning the perception of permanence through the contemplation of impermanence, etc., it is said, “like one who has faith.” The remaining two phrases are synonyms for the same. Here, by the statement about the development of the preliminary part of the path, it is shown that there is a difference in wisdom between the view-attainer and the one liberated by faith due to the difference in the preliminary path. In the Abhidhamma commentary as well (Puggalapaññatti Aṭṭhakathā 28), after saying: “There is no difference for them in the abandonment of defilements, but there is indeed a difference in wisdom,” it is concluded: “It is solely due to the difference in the preliminary path that one liberated by faith does not attain the status of a view-attainer.”

အာရမ္မဏံ ယာထာဝတော ဓာရေတိ အဝဓာရေတီတိ ဓမ္မော, ပညာ. တံ ပညာသင်္ခါတံ ဓမ္မံ အဓိမတ္တတာယ ပုဗ္ဗင်္ဂမံ ဟုတွာ ပဝတ္တံ အနုဿရတီတိ ဓမ္မာနုသာရီ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဓမ္မော’’တိအာဒိ. ပညာပုဗ္ဗင်္ဂမန္တိ ပညာပဓာနံ. ‘‘သဒ္ဓံ အနုဿရတိ, သဒ္ဓါပုဗ္ဗင်္ဂမံ မဂ္ဂံ ဘာဝေတီ’’တိ ဣမမတ္ထံ ဧသေဝ နယောတိ အတိဒိသတိ. ပညံ ဝါဟေတီတိ ပညာဝါဟီ, ပညံ သာတိသယံ ပဝတ္တေတီတိ အတ္ထော. တေနာဟ ‘‘ပညာပုဗ္ဗင်္ဂမံ အရိယမဂ္ဂံ ဘာဝေတီ’’တိ. ပညာ ဝါ ပုဂ္ဂလံ ဝါဟေတိ နိဗ္ဗာနာဘိမုခံ ဂမေတီတိ ပညာဝါဟီ. သဒ္ဓါဝါဟီတိ ဧတ္ထာပိ ဣမိနာ နယေနေဝ အတ္ထော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. ဥဘတောဘာဂဝိမုတ္တာဒိကထာတိ ဥဘတောဘာဂဝိမုတ္တာဒီသု အာဂမနတော ပဋ္ဌာယ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗကထာ. တသ္မာတိ ဝိသုဒ္ဓိမဂ္ဂေ (ဝိသုဒ္ဓိ. ၂.၇၇၃, ၈၈၉) ဝုတ္တတ္တာ. တတော ဧဝ ဝိသုဒ္ဓိမဂ္ဂသံဝဏ္ဏနာယံ (ဝိသုဒ္ဓိ. မဟာဋီ. ၂.၇၇၃) ဝုတ္တနယေနေဝ စေတ္ထ အတ္ထော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော.

That which bears and determines the object as it really is, is Dhamma, that is, wisdom. One who follows that Dhamma, designated as wisdom, which proceeds having become the forerunner due to its excellence, is a Dhamma-follower. Hence, it is said, “the Dhamma,” etc. “Wisdom as the forerunner” means wisdom as predominant. He applies this same method to the meaning of “One follows faith, develops the path with faith as the forerunner.” A `paññāvāhī` is one who makes wisdom proceed; the meaning is that one causes wisdom to proceed exceedingly. Hence, it is said, “one develops the noble path with wisdom as the forerunner.” Or, wisdom leads the individual, causing them to go towards Nibbāna; thus, one is a `paññāvāhī`. The meaning of `saddhāvāhī` should also be understood in this same way. The discussion on the one liberated in both ways, etc., is the discussion that should be stated, beginning from the scriptures on the one liberated in both ways and so on. Therefore, because it is stated in the Visuddhimagga (Vism. 2.773, 889), the meaning here should be understood according to the method stated in the commentary on the Visuddhimagga (Visuddhimagga-mahāṭīkā 2.773).

ပုဂ္ဂလသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Puggalasutta is finished.

၅. ဥဒကူပမာသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

5. The Commentary on the Discourse with the Simile of Water

၁၅. ပဉ္စမေ [Pg.154] ဧကန္တကာဠကေဟီတိ နတ္ထိကဝါဒအဟေတုကဝါဒအကိရိယဝါဒသင်္ခါတေဟိ နိယတမိစ္ဆာဒိဋ္ဌိဓမ္မေဟိ. တေနာဟ ‘‘နိယတမိစ္ဆာဒိဋ္ဌိံ သန္ဓာယ ဝုတ္တ’’န္တိ. ဧဝံ ပုဂ္ဂလောတိ ဣမိနာ ကာရဏေန ဧကဝါရံ နိမုဂ္ဂေါ နိမုဂ္ဂေါယေဝ သော ဟောတိ. ဧတဿ ဟိ ပုန ဘဝတော ဝုဋ္ဌာနံ နာမ နတ္ထီတိ ဝဒန္တိ မက္ခလိဂေါသာလာဒယော ဝိယ. ဟေဋ္ဌာ ဟေဋ္ဌာ နရကဂ္ဂီနံယေဝ အာဟာရော. သာဓု သဒ္ဓါ ကုသလေသူတိ ကုသလဓမ္မေသု သဒ္ဓါ နာမ သာဟု လဒ္ဓကာတိ ဥမ္မုဇ္ဇတိ, သော တာဝတ္တကေနေဝ ကုသလေန ဥမ္မုဇ္ဇတိ နာမ. သာဓု ဟိရီတိအာဒီသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော. စင်္ကဝါရေတိ ရဇကာနံ ခါရပရိဿာဝနေ, သုရာပရိဿာဝနေ ဝါ. ဧဝံ ပုဂ္ဂလောတိ ‘‘ဧဝံ သာဓု သဒ္ဓါ’’တိ ဣမေသံ သဒ္ဓါဒီနံ ဝသေန ဧကဝါရံ ဥမ္မုဇ္ဇိတွာ တေသံ ပရိဟာနိယာ ပုန နိမုဇ္ဇတိယေဝ ဒေဝဒတ္တာဒယော ဝိယ. ဒေဝဒတ္တော ဟိ အဋ္ဌ သမာပတ္တိယော ပဉ္စ စ အဘိညာယော နိဗ္ဗတ္တေတွာပိ ပုန ဗုဒ္ဓါနံ ပဋိပက္ခတာယ တေဟိ ဂုဏေဟိ ပရိဟီနော ရုဟိရုပ္ပာဒကမ္မံ သံဃဘေဒကမ္မဉ္စ ကတွာ ကာယဿ ဘေဒါ ဒုတိယစိတ္တဝါရေန စုတိစိတ္တမနန္တရာ နိရယေ နိဗ္ဗတ္တော. ကောကာလိကော ဒွေ အဂ္ဂသာဝကေ ဥပဝဒိတွာ ပဒုမနိရယေ နိဗ္ဗတ္တော.

15. In the fifth case, with “completely dark,” it refers to the doctrines of nihilism, causelessness, and inaction, which are known as fixed wrong views. Thus it is said, “referring to one with fixed wrong views.” Thus, this person, for this reason, once submerged, remains submerged. Indeed, for such a one there is no rising again from existence, so say those like Makkhali Gosāla and others. Their food is only the fires of hell below, lower and lower. “Good is faith in wholesome qualities”: faith in wholesome qualities is called ‘good’ when it is obtained, and by that much wholesome action one emerges, as it were. The same method applies to “Good is moral shame,” and so forth. “Like a dyer’s vat” means in the straining of lye by dyers, or in the straining of liquor. Thus, this person, having emerged once by means of these qualities such as faith, as in “Good is faith,” submerges again due to their decline, like Devadatta and others. For Devadatta, though he produced the eight attainments and the five higher knowledges, later, due to his opposition to the Buddhas, he declined from those qualities, and having committed the deed of causing blood to flow and the deed of causing a schism in the Saṅgha, upon the breakup of the body, he was reborn in hell immediately after the death-consciousness, in the second thought-moment. Kokālika, having slandered the two chief disciples, was reborn in the Paduma hell.

နေဝ ဟာယတိ နော ဝဍ္ဎတီတိ အပ္ပဟောနကကာလေပိ န ဟာယတိ, ပဟောနကကာလေပိ န ဝဍ္ဎတိ. ဥဘယမ္ပိ ပနေတံ အဂါရိကေနပိ အနဂါရိကေနပိ ဒီပေတဗ္ဗံ. ဧကစ္စော ဟိ အဂါရိကော အပ္ပဟောနကကာလေ ပက္ခိကဘတ္တံ ဝဿိကံ ဝါ ဥပနိဗန္ဓာပေသိ, သော ပစ္ဆာ ပဟောနကကာလေပိ ပက္ခိကဘတ္တာဒိမတ္တမေဝ ပဝတ္တေတိ. အနဂါရိကောပိ အာဒိမှိ အပ္ပဟောနကကာလေ ဥဒ္ဒေသံ ဓုတင်္ဂံ ဝါ ဂဏှာတိ, မေဓာဝီ ဗလဝီရိယသမ္ပတ္တိယာ ပဟောနကကာလေ တတော ဥတ္တရိံ န ကရောတိ. ဧဝံ ပုဂ္ဂလောတိ ဧဝံ ဣမာယ သဒ္ဓါဒီနံ ဌိတိယာ ပုဂ္ဂလော ဥမ္မုဇ္ဇိတွာ ဌိတော နာမ ဟောတိ. ဥမ္မုဇ္ဇိတွာ ပတရတီတိ သကဒါဂါမိပုဂ္ဂလော ကိလေသတနုတာယ ဥဋ္ဌဟိတွာ ဂန္တဗ္ဗဒိသာဘိမုခေါ တရတိ နာမ.

“It does not decline nor does it increase”: even in a time of scarcity it does not decline, and even in a time of abundance it does not increase. Both of these should be explained with reference to both householders and the homeless. For a certain householder, in a time of scarcity, arranges for fortnightly meals or annual supplies, and later, even in a time of abundance, he continues only with fortnightly meals and the like. Likewise, a homeless one, at the beginning in a time of scarcity, takes up a subject of study or an ascetic practice; and in a time of abundance, though wise and endowed with strength and energy, he does not do more than that. Thus, this person, by means of this stability of faith and so forth, is said to have emerged and stood firm. “Having emerged, he crosses over”: the once-returner, due to the attenuation of defilements, rises up and is said to cross over, facing the direction he must go.

ပဋိဂါဓပ္ပတ္တော ဟောတီတိ အနာဂါမိပုဂ္ဂလံ သန္ဓာယ ဝဒတိ. ဣမေ ပန သတ္တ ပုဂ္ဂလာ ဥဒကောပမေန ဒီပိတာ. သတ္တ ကိရ ဇင်္ဃဝါဏိဇာ အဒ္ဓါနမဂ္ဂပ္ပဋိပန္နာ အန္တရာမဂ္ဂေ ဧကံ ပုဏ္ဏနဒိံ ပါပုဏိံသု. တေသု ပဌမံ ဩတိဏ္ဏော ဥဒကဘီရုကော ပုရိသော ဩတိဏ္ဏဋ္ဌာနေယေဝ နိမုဇ္ဇိတွာ ပုန သဏ္ဌာတုံ နာသက္ခိ, အဝဿံဝ မစ္ဆကစ္ဆပဘတ္တံ ဇာတော. ဒုတိယော ဩတိဏ္ဏဋ္ဌာနေ နိမုဇ္ဇိတွာ [Pg.155] သကိံ ဥဋ္ဌဟိတွာ ပုန နိမုဂ္ဂေါ ဥဋ္ဌာတုံ နာသက္ခိ, အန္တောယေဝ မစ္ဆကစ္ဆပဘတ္တံ ဇာတော. တတိယော နိမုဇ္ဇိတွာ ဥဋ္ဌိတော မဇ္ဈေ နဒိယာ ဌတွာ နေဝ ဩရတော အာဂန္တုံ, န ပါရံ ဂန္တုံ အသက္ခိ. စတုတ္ထော ဥဋ္ဌာယ ဌိတော ဥတ္တရဏတိတ္ထံ ဩလောကေသိ. ပဉ္စမော ဥတ္တရဏတိတ္ထံ ဩလောကေတွာ ပတရတိ. ဆဋ္ဌော တံ ဒိသွာ ပါရိမတီရံ ဂန္တွာ ကဋိပ္ပမာဏေ ဥဒကေ ဌိတော. သတ္တမော ပါရိမတီရံ ဂန္တွာ ဂန္ဓစုဏ္ဏာဒီဟိ နှတွာ ဝရဝတ္ထာဒီနိ နိဝါသေတွာ သုရဘိဝိလေပနံ ဝိလိမ္ပိတွာ နီလုပ္ပလမာလာဒီနိ ပိလန္ဓိတွာ နာနာလင်္ကာရပ္ပဋိမဏ္ဍိတော မဟာနဂရံ ပဝိသိတွာ ပါသာဒမာရုဟိတွာ ဥတ္တမဘောဇနံ ဘုဉ္ဇတိ.

“He has reached a firm footing” refers to the non-returner. These seven persons, however, are illustrated by the simile of water. It is said that seven foot-merchants, having set out on a road journey, came upon a full river in the middle of the road. Among them, the first, a man afraid of water, sank immediately upon entering and could not manage to stand again; he certainly became food for fish and turtles. The second, having sunk at the entering place, managed to rise once but sank again and could not rise; he certainly became food for fish and turtles inside the water. The third, having sunk and risen, stood in the middle of the river, unable either to return to this shore or to go to the far shore. The fourth, having risen and stood, looked for a ford to cross. The fifth, having looked for a ford to cross, proceeded across. The sixth, having seen that, reached the far shore and stood in water up to his hips. The seventh, having reached the far shore, bathed with perfumed powders and such, dressed in fine garments and such, applied fragrant unguents, adorned himself with blue lotus garlands and such, ornamented with various ornaments, entered the great city, ascended the palace, and enjoyed the finest food.

တတ္ထ ဇင်္ဃဝါဏိဇာ ဝိယ ဣမေ သတ္တ ပုဂ္ဂလာ, နဒီ ဝိယ ဝဋ္ဋံ, ပဌမဿ ဥဒကဘီရုကဿ ပုရိသဿ ဩတိဏ္ဏဋ္ဌာနေယေဝ နိမုဇ္ဇနံ ဝိယ မိစ္ဆာဒိဋ္ဌိကဿ ဝဋ္ဋေ နိမုဇ္ဇနံ, ဥမ္မုဇ္ဇိတွာ နိမုဇ္ဇနပုရိသော ဝိယ သဒ္ဓါဒီနံ ဥပ္ပတ္တိမတ္ထကေန ဥမ္မုဇ္ဇိတွာ တာသံ ဟာနိယာ နိမုဂ္ဂပုဂ္ဂလော, မဇ္ဈေ နဒိယာ ဌတွာ ဝိယ သဒ္ဓါဒီနံ ဌိတိယာ ဌိတိပုဂ္ဂလော, ဥတ္တရဏတိတ္ထံ ဩလောကေန္တော ဝိယ သောတာပန္နော, ပတရန္တပုရိသော ဝိယ ကိလေသကာမာဝဋ္ဋတာယ ပတရန္တော သကဒါဂါမီ, တရိတွာ ကဋိမတ္တေ ဥဒကေ ဌိတပုရိသော ဝိယ အနာဝဋ္ဋဓမ္မတ္တာ အနာဂါမီ, နှတွာ ပါရိမတီရံ ဥတ္တရိတွာ ထလေ ဌိတပုရိသော ဝိယ စတ္တာရော ဩဃေ အတိက္ကမိတွာ နိဗ္ဗာနထလေ ဌိတော ခီဏာသဝဗြာဟ္မဏော, ထလေ ဌိတပုရိသဿ နဂရံ ပဝိသိတွာ ပါသာဒံ အာရုယှ ဥတ္တမဘောဇနဘုဉ္ဇနံ ဝိယ ခီဏာသဝဿ နိဗ္ဗာနာရမ္မဏသမာပတ္တိံ အပ္ပေတွာ ဝီတိနာမနံ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ.

There, these seven persons are like foot-merchants; the round of existence is like a river. Just as the first man, afraid of water, sinks in the very place he enters, so the one with wrong view sinks in the cycle. Like the man who emerges and then sinks, so is the person who emerges by means of the arising of faith and so forth, but sinks due to their decline. Like one standing in the middle of the river, so is the person who stands firm due to the stability of faith and so forth. Like one looking for a ford to cross, so is the stream-enterer. Like the man who crosses over, so is the once-returner, crossing over due to the cycle of defilements and sensual pleasures. Like a man who has crossed and stands with the water at waist-level, so is the non-returner, due to not having the nature of returning. Like the man who has bathed, crossed to the far shore, and stands on the dry land, so is the Brahmin with taints destroyed, standing on the dry land of Nibbāna, having crossed the four floods. Like the man standing on dry land who enters a city, ascends to a palace, and enjoys the finest food, so it should be understood that the one with taints destroyed passes the time by attaining the absorption with Nibbāna as its object.

ဥဒကူပမာသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Exposition of the Discourse on the Simile of Water is concluded.

၆-၉. အနိစ္စာနုပဿီသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

6-9. Commentary on the Aniccānupassī Sutta and Other Discourses

၁၆-၁၉. ဆဋ္ဌေ ‘‘ဣဓ သမသီသီ ကထိတော’’တိ ဝတွာ ဧဝံ သမသီသိတံ ဝိဘဇိတွာ ဣဓာဓိပ္ပေတံ ဒဿေတုံ ‘‘သော စတုဗ္ဗိဓော ဟောတီ’’တိအာဒိမာဟ. ရောဂဝသေန သမသီသီ ရောဂသမသီသီ. ဧသ နယော သေသေသုပိ. ဧကပ္ပဟာရေနေဝါတိ ဧကဝေလာယမေဝ. ယော စက္ခုရောဂါဒီသု အညတရသ္မိံ သတိ ‘‘ဣတော အနုဋ္ဌိတော အရဟတ္တံ ပါပုဏိဿာမီ’’တိ ဝိပဿနံ ပဋ္ဌပေသိ, အထဿ အရဟတ္တဉ္စ ရောဂတော ဝုဋ္ဌာနဉ္စ ဧကကာလမေဝ ဟောတိ[Pg.156], အယံ ရောဂသမသီသီ နာမ. ဣရိယာပထဿ ပရိယောသာနန္တိ ဣရိယာပထန္တရသမာယောဂေါ. ယော ဌာနာဒီသု ဣရိယာပထေသု အညတရံ အဓိဋ္ဌာယ ‘‘အဝိကောပေတွာဝ အရဟတ္တံ ပါပုဏိဿာမီ’’တိ ဝိပဿနံ ပဋ္ဌပေသိ. အထဿ အရဟတ္တပ္ပတ္တိ စ ဣရိယာပထဝိကောပနဉ္စ ဧကပ္ပဟာရေနေဝ ဟောတိ, အယံ ဣရိယာပထသမသီသီ နာမ. ဇီဝိတသမသီသီ နာမာတိ ဧတ္ထ ‘‘ပလိဗောဓသီသံ မာနော, ပရာမာသသီသံ ဒိဋ္ဌိ, ဝိက္ခေပသီသံ ဥဒ္ဓစ္စံ, ကိလေသသီသံ အဝိဇ္ဇာ, အဓိမောက္ခသီသံ သဒ္ဓါ, ပဂ္ဂဟသီသံ ဝီရိယံ, ဥပဋ္ဌာနသီသံ သတိ, အဝိက္ခေပသီသံ သမာဓိ, ဒဿနသီသံ ပညာ, ပဝတ္တသီသံ ဇီဝိတိန္ဒြိယံ, စုတိသီသံ ဝိမောက္ခော, သင်္ခါရသီသံ နိရောဓော’’တိ ပဋိသမ္ဘိဒါယံ (ပဋိ. မ. ၃.၃၃) ဝုတ္တေသု သတ္တရသသု သီသေသု ပဝတ္တသီသံ ကိလေသသီသန္တိ ဒွေ သီသာနိ ဣဓာဓိပ္ပေတာနိ – ‘‘အပုဗ္ဗံ အစရိမံ အာသဝပရိယာဒါနဉ္စ ဟောတိ ဇီဝိတပရိယာဒါနဉ္စာ’’တိ ဝစနတော. တေသု ကိလေသသီသံ အရဟတ္တမဂ္ဂေါ ပရိယာဒိယတိ, ပဝတ္တသီသံ ဇီဝိတိန္ဒြိယံ စုတိစိတ္တံ ပရိယာဒိယတိ. တတ္ထ အဝိဇ္ဇာပရိယာဒါယကံ စိတ္တံ ဇီဝိတိန္ဒြိယံ ပရိယာဒါတုံ န သက္ကောတိ, ဇီဝိတိန္ဒြိယပရိယာဒါယကံ အဝိဇ္ဇံ ပရိယာဒါတုံ န သက္ကောတိ. အညံ အဝိဇ္ဇာပရိယာဒါယကံ စိတ္တံ, အညံ ဇီဝိတန္ဒြိယပရိယာဒါယကံ. ယဿ စေတံ သီသဒွယံ သမံ ပရိယာဒါနံ ဂစ္ဆတိ, သော ဇီဝိတသမသီသီ နာမ.

16-19. In the sixth section, having stated, “Here, one who is equal-headed is spoken of,” and having thus divided ‘equal-headedness,’ in order to show what is intended here, it is said, “He is of four kinds,” and so on. The roga-samasīsī is the equal-headed one by way of illness. This method applies to the rest as well. “By a single stroke” means at one time. If someone, when afflicted by an eye disease or the like, establishes insight meditation, thinking, “Without having arisen from this, I will attain arahantship,” then for him, the attainment of arahantship and recovery from the illness occur at the same time. This is called the roga-samasīsī. “The termination of the posture” means the conjunction with another posture. If someone, having resolved upon one of the postures such as standing, establishes insight meditation, thinking, “Without disturbing this posture, I will attain arahantship,” then for him, the attainment of arahantship and the changing of the posture occur in a single stroke. This is called the iriyāpatha-samasīsī. As for the jīvita-samasīsī, here, among the seventeen heads mentioned in the Paṭisambhidāmagga (Paṭi. Ma. 3.33)—“The head of obstruction is conceit, the head of grasping is wrong view, the head of distraction is restlessness, the head of defilements is ignorance, the head of determination is faith, the head of exertion is energy, the head of establishment is mindfulness, the head of non-distraction is concentration, the head of vision is wisdom, the head of continuity is the life faculty, the head of passing away is liberation, the head of formations is cessation”—the head of continuity (the life faculty) and the head of defilements are the two intended here, as stated by the phrase, “There is both the exhaustion of the taints and the exhaustion of life, without prior or subsequent.” Among these, the path of arahantship exhausts the head of defilements, and the dying consciousness exhausts the head of continuity (the life faculty). There, the mind that exhausts ignorance cannot exhaust the life faculty, and the mind that exhausts the life faculty cannot exhaust ignorance. One mind exhausts ignorance, another mind exhausts the life faculty. He for whom these two heads are exhausted equally is called the jīvita-samasīsī.

ကထံ ပနိဒံ သမံ ဟောတီတိ? ဝါရသမတာယ. ယသ္မိဉှိ ဝါရေ မဂ္ဂဝုဋ္ဌာနံ ဟောတိ, သောတာပတ္တိမဂ္ဂေ ပဉ္စ ပစ္စဝေက္ခဏာနိ, သကဒါဂါမိမဂ္ဂေ ပဉ္စ, အနာဂါမိမဂ္ဂေ ပဉ္စ, အရဟတ္တမဂ္ဂေ စတ္တာရီတိ ဧကူနဝီသတိမေ ပစ္စဝေက္ခဏဉာဏေ ပတိဋ္ဌာယ ဘဝင်္ဂံ ဩတရိတွာ ပရိနိဗ္ဗာယတော ဣမာယ ဝါရသမတာယ ဣဒံ ဥဘယသီသပရိယာဒါနမ္ပိ သမံ ဟောတီတိ ဣမာယ ဝါရသမတာယ. ဝါရသမဝုတ္တိဒါယကေန ဟိ မဂ္ဂစိတ္တေန အတ္တနော အနန္တရံ ဝိယ နိပ္ဖာဒေတဗ္ဗာ ပစ္စဝေက္ခဏဝါရာ စ ကိလေသပရိယာဒါနဿေဝ ဝါရာတိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗတံ အရဟတိ. ‘‘ဝိမုတ္တသ္မိံ ဝိမုတ္တမိတိ ဉာဏံ ဟောတီ’’တိ (မ. နိ. ၁.၇၈; သံ. နိ. ၃.၁၂, ၁၄) ဝစနတော ပစ္စဝေက္ခဏပရိသမာပနေန ကိလေသပရိယာဒါနံ သမ္ပာပိတံ နာမ ဟောတီတိ ဣမာယ ဝါရဝုတ္တိယာ သမတာယ ကိလေသပရိယာဒါနဇီဝိတပရိယာဒါနာနံ သမတာ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ. တေနေဝါဟ ‘‘ယသ္မာ ပနဿ…ပေ... တသ္မာ ဧဝံ ဝုတ္တ’’န္တိ.

How then is this equal? By the equality of turns. For in whichever turn emergence from the path occurs—five reflections regarding the stream-entry path, five regarding the once-returner path, five regarding the non-returner path, and four regarding the arahant path—for one who, being established in these nineteen reflection knowledges, has descended into the life-continuum and attains final Nibbāna, by this equality of turns, this cessation of both heads is also equal. For the path-consciousness, as the giver of an equal turn, is to produce the turns of reflection as if immediately after itself, and the turns of reflection deserve to be called the turns of the very exhaustion of defilements. In accordance with the statement, “In one who is liberated, the knowledge arises, ‘I am liberated,’” the exhaustion of defilements is indeed accomplished by the completion of the reflections. By this equality in the occurrence of turns, the equality of the exhaustion of defilements and the exhaustion of life should be understood. Therefore, it was said: “Because for him…pe... therefore, it is thus stated.”

အာယုနော ဝေမဇ္ဈံ အနတိက္ကမိတွာ အန္တရာဝ ကိလေသပရိနိဗ္ဗာနေန ပရိနိဗ္ဗာယတီတိ အန္တရာပရိနိဗ္ဗာယီ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ယော ပဉ္စသု သုဒ္ဓါဝါသေသူ’’တိအာဒိ[Pg.157]. ဝေမဇ္ဈေတိ အဝိဟာဒီသု ယတ္ထ ဥပ္ပန္နော, တတ္ထ အာယုနော ဝေမဇ္ဈေ. အာယုဝေမဇ္ဈံ ဥပဟစ္စ အတိက္ကမိတွာ တတ္ထ ပရိနိဗ္ဗာယတီတိ ဥပဟစ္စပရိနိဗ္ဗာယီ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ယော တတ္ထေဝါ’’တိအာဒိ. အသင်္ခါရေန အပ္ပယောဂေန အနုဿာဟေန အကိလမန္တော တိက္ခိန္ဒြိယတာယ သုခေနေဝ ပရိနိဗ္ဗာယတီတိ အသင်္ခါရပရိနိဗ္ဗာယီ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ယော တေသံယေဝါ’’တိအာဒိ. တေသံယေဝ ပုဂ္ဂလာနန္တိ နိဒ္ဓါရဏေ သာမိဝစနံ. အပ္ပယောဂေနာတိ အဓိမတ္တပ္ပယောဂေန ဝိနာ အပ္ပကသိရေန. သသင်္ခါရေန သပ္ပယောဂေန ကိလမန္တော ဒုက္ခေန ပရိနိဗ္ဗာယတီတိ သသင်္ခါရပရိနိဗ္ဗာယီ. ဥဒ္ဓံဝါဟိဘာဝေန ဥဒ္ဓမဿ တဏှာသောတံ ဝဋ္ဋသောတဉ္စာတိ, ဥဒ္ဓံ ဝါ ဂန္တွာ ပဋိလဘိတဗ္ဗတော ဥဒ္ဓမဿ မဂ္ဂသောတန္တိ ဥဒ္ဓံဘောတော. ပဋိသန္ဓိဝသေန အကနိဋ္ဌံ ဂစ္ဆတီတိ အကနိဋ္ဌဂါမီ.

Without passing the middle of the lifespan, one attains final Nibbāna by the final Nibbāna of defilements in the interim—thus, one is an 'interim attainer of Nibbāna' (antarāparinibbāyī). Hence it is said: “He who is reborn among the five Pure Abodes,” etc. 'In the middle' means in the middle of the lifespan in whichever of the Aviha and other realms one has been reborn. Having struck and surpassed the middle of the lifespan, one attains final Nibbāna there—thus, one is a 'one who attains Nibbāna after reducing the lifespan' (upahaccaparinibbāyī). Hence it is said: “He who attains Nibbāna right there,” etc. Without exertion, without application, without striving, without tiring, due to keen faculties, one attains final Nibbāna with ease—thus, one is a 'one who attains Nibbāna without exertion' (asaṅkhāraparinibbāyī). Hence it is said: “He who is one of them,” etc. “Among those very persons” is a genitive of specification. “Without application” means without excessive application, with little difficulty. With exertion, with application, striving, one attains final Nibbāna with difficulty—thus, one is a 'one who attains Nibbāna with exertion' (sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī). Because of the nature of flowing upward, his stream of craving and stream of the cycle of existence are upward; or because the path-stream is to be obtained by going upward, his stream is upward—thus, one is an 'upstream-goer' (uddhaṃsoto). By way of rebirth-linking, one goes to Akaniṭṭha—thus, one is a 'goer to Akaniṭṭha' (akaniṭṭhagāmī).

ဧတ္ထ ပန စတုက္ကံ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ. ယော ဟိ အဝိဟတော ပဋ္ဌာယ စတ္တာရော ဒေဝလောကေ သောဓေတွာ အကနိဋ္ဌံ ဂန္တွာ ပရိနိဗ္ဗာယတိ, အယံ ဥဒ္ဓံသောတော အကနိဋ္ဌဂါမီ နာမ. အယဉှိ အဝိဟေသု ကပ္ပသဟဿံ ဝသန္တော အရဟတ္တံ ပတ္တုံ အသက္ကုဏိတွာ အတပ္ပံ ဂစ္ဆတိ, တတြာပိ ဒွေ ကပ္ပသဟဿာနိ ဝသန္တော အရဟတ္တံ ပတ္တုံ အသက္ကုဏိတွာ သုဒဿံ ဂစ္ဆတိ, တတြာပိ စတ္တာရိ ကပ္ပသဟဿာနိ ဝသန္တော အရဟတ္တံ ပတ္တုံ အသက္ကုဏိတွာ သုဒဿိံ ဂစ္ဆတိ, တတြာပိ အဋ္ဌ ကပ္ပသဟဿာနိ ဝသန္တော အရဟတ္တံ ပတ္တုံ အသက္ကုဏိတွာ အကနိဋ္ဌံ ဂစ္ဆတိ, တတ္ထ ဝသန္တော အဂ္ဂမဂ္ဂံ အဓိဂစ္ဆတိ. တတ္ထ ယော အဝိဟတော ပဋ္ဌာယ ဒုတိယံ ဝါ စတုတ္ထံ ဝါ ဒေဝလောကံ ဂန္တွာ ပရိနိဗ္ဗာယတိ, အယံ ဥဒ္ဓံသောတော န အကနိဋ္ဌဂါမီ နာမ. ယော ကာမဘဝတော စဝိတွာ အကနိဋ္ဌေသု ပရိနိဗ္ဗာယတိ, အယံ န ဥဒ္ဓံသောတော အကနိဋ္ဌဂါမီ နာမ. ယော ဟေဋ္ဌာ စတူသု ဒေဝလောကေသု တတ္ထ တတ္ထေဝ နိဗ္ဗတ္တိတွာ ပရိနိဗ္ဗာယတိ, အယံ န ဥဒ္ဓံသောတော န အကနိဋ္ဌဂါမီတိ.

Here, however, a fourfold distinction should be understood. One who, starting from the Aviha realm, having passed through the four deva worlds, and reaching Akaniṭṭha attains final Nibbāna—this one is called an 'upstream-goer, a goer to Akaniṭṭha.' For this one, dwelling in Aviha for a thousand eons, being unable to attain arahantship, proceeds to Atappa. There too, dwelling for two thousand eons, being unable to attain arahantship, proceeds to Sudassa. There too, dwelling for four thousand eons, being unable to attain arahantship, proceeds to Sudassī. There too, dwelling for eight thousand eons, being unable to attain arahantship, proceeds to Akaniṭṭha. Dwelling there, one attains the supreme path. Here, one who, starting from Aviha, reaches the second or the fourth deva world and attains final Nibbāna—this one is called an 'upstream-goer,' but not a 'goer to Akaniṭṭha.' One who passes away from the realm of sensual existence and attains final Nibbāna in Akaniṭṭha—this one is called a 'goer to Akaniṭṭha,' but not an 'upstream-goer.' One who is reborn in any of the four lower deva worlds below and there itself attains final Nibbāna—this one is neither an 'upstream-goer' nor a 'goer to Akaniṭṭha.'

ဧတေ ပန အဝိဟေသု ဥပ္ပန္နသမနန္တရအာယုဝေမဇ္ဈံ အပ္ပတွာဝ ပရိနိဗ္ဗာယနဝသေန တယော အန္တရာပရိနိဗ္ဗာယိနော, ဧကော ဥပဟစ္စပရိနိဗ္ဗာယီ, ဧကော ဥဒ္ဓံသောတောတိ ပဉ္စဝိဓော, အသင်္ခါရသသင်္ခါရပရိနိဗ္ဗာယိဝိဘာဂေန ဒသ ဟောန္တိ, တထာ အတပ္ပသုဒဿသုဒဿီသူတိ စတ္တာရော ဒသကာတိ စတ္တာရီသံ. အကနိဋ္ဌေ ပန ဥဒ္ဓံသောတော နတ္ထိ, တယော အန္တရာပရိနိဗ္ဗာယိနော, ဧကော [Pg.158] ဥပဟစ္စပရိနိဗ္ဗာယီတိ စတ္တာရော, အသင်္ခါရသသင်္ခါရပရိနိဗ္ဗာယိဝိဘာဂေန အဋ္ဌာတိ အဋ္ဌစတ္တာရီသံ အနာဂါမိနော. သတ္တမာဒီသု နတ္ထိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗံ.

Among these, in the Aviha realm, there are three types of one who attains Nibbāna in the interim, one who attains Nibbāna after reducing the lifespan, and one who is an upstream-goer; thus, there are five types. When divided by way of attaining Nibbāna without exertion and with exertion, they become ten. Similarly, in Atappa, Sudassa, and Sudassī, there are four sets of ten, making forty in total. In the Akaniṭṭha realm, however, there is no upstream-goer. There, the three types of one who attains Nibbāna in the interim and the one who attains Nibbāna after reducing the lifespan make four. When divided by way of attaining Nibbāna without exertion and with exertion, they become eight. Thus, there are forty-eight non-returners. As for the seventh discourse and the rest, there is nothing further to be said.

အနိစ္စာနုပဿီသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Aniccānupassī Sutta and others is concluded.

၁၀. နိဒ္ဒသဝတ္ထုသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

10. Commentary on the Niddasavatthu Sutta

၂၀. ဒသမေ နိဒ္ဒသဝတ္ထူနီတိ အာဒိသဒ္ဒလောပေနာယံ နိဒ္ဒေသောတိ အာဟ ‘‘နိဒ္ဒသာဒိဝတ္ထူနီ’’တိ. နတ္ထိ ဣဒါနိ ဣမဿ ဒသာတိ နိဒ္ဒသော. ပဉှောတိ ဉာတုံ ဣစ္ဆိတော အတ္ထော. ပုန ဒသဝဿော န ဟောတီတိ တေသံ မတိမတ္တမေတန္တိ ဒဿေတုံ ‘‘သော ကိရာ’’တိ ကိရသဒ္ဒဂ္ဂဟဏံ. နိဒ္ဒသောတိ စေတံ ဝစနမတ္တံ. တဿ နိဗ္ဗီသာဒိဘာဝဿ ဝိယ နိန္နဝါဒိဘာဝဿ စ ဣစ္ဆိတတ္တာတိ ဒဿေတုံ ‘‘န ကေဝလဉ္စာ’’တိအာဒိ ဝုတ္တံ. ဂါမေ ဝိစရန္တောတိ ဂါမေ ပိဏ္ဍာယ စရန္တော. န ဣဒံ တိတ္ထိယာနံ အဓိဝစနံ တေသု တန္နိမိတ္တဿ အဘာဝါ, သာသနေပိ သေခဿပိ န ဣဒံ အဓိဝစနံ, ကိမင်္ဂံ ပန ပုထုဇ္ဇနဿ. ယဿ ပနေတံ အဓိဝစနံ ယေန စ ကာရဏေန, တံ ဒဿေတုံ ‘‘ခီဏာသဝဿေတ’’န္တိအာဒိ ဝုတ္တံ. အပ္ပဋိသန္ဓိကဘာဝေါ ဟိဿ ပစ္စက္ခတော ကာရဏံ. ပရမ္ပရာယ ဣတရာနိ ယာနိ ပါဠိယံ အာဂတာနိံ.

20. In the tenth, regarding 'niddasavatthūni,' he says 'niddasādivatthūni' to indicate that this is an explanation where the word 'ādi' (etc.) has been elided. 'Niddaso' means 'there are no ten (dasa) for him now.' 'Pañho ti' means: the question is about the meaning one wishes to know. Again, to show that the idea 'he is not a ten-year-old' is merely their opinion, the particle 'kira' is used in 'so kirā.' And 'niddaso' is merely a word. To show that the desired state is not only that of being without dejection, etc., but also of being humble, it is said, 'na kevalañcā,' etc. 'Gāme vicarantoti' means wandering in the village for alms. This is not a designation for heretics, since they lack the cause for it, nor is it a designation for a learner in the Dispensation, let alone for an ordinary person. But to show for whom it is a designation and for what reason, it is said, 'khīṇāsavasseta,' etc. His state of non-rebirth is the direct cause. The others, which have come down in the Pāli text, are indirect causes.

သိက္ခာယ သမ္မဒေဝ အာဒါနံ သိက္ခာသမာဒါနံ. တံ ပနဿာ ပါရိပူရိယာ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘သိက္ခာတ္တယပူရဏေ’’တိ. သိက္ခာယ ဝါ သမ္မဒေဝ အာဒိတော ပဋ္ဌာယ ရက္ခဏံ သိက္ခာသမာဒါနံ. တဉ္စ အတ္ထတော ပူရဏေန ပရိစ္ဆိန္နံ အရက္ခဏေ သဗ္ဗေန သဗ္ဗံ အဘာဝတော, ရက္ခဏေ စ ပရိပူရဏတော. ဗလဝစ္ဆန္ဒောတိ ဒဠှစ္ဆန္ဒော. အာယတိန္တိ အနန္တရာနာဂတဒိဝသာဒိကာလော အဓိပ္ပေတော, န အနာဂတဘဝေါတိ အာဟ ‘‘အနာဂတေ ပုနဒိဝသာဒီသုပီ’’တိ. သိက္ခံ ပရိပူရေန္တဿ တတ္ထ နိဗဒ္ဓဘတ္တိတာ အဝိဂတပေမတာ. တေဘူမကဓမ္မာနံ အနိစ္စာဒိဝသေန သမ္မဒေဝ နိဇ္ဈာနံ ဓမ္မနိသာမနာတိ အာဟ ‘‘ဝိပဿနာယေတံ အဓိဝစန’’န္တိ. တဏှာဝိနယေတိ ဘင်္ဂါနုပဿနာဉာဏာနုဘာဝသိဒ္ဓေ တဏှာဝိက္ခမ္ဘနေ. ဧကီဘာဝေတိ ဂဏသင်္ဂဏိကာကိလေသသင်္ဂဏိကာဝိဂမသိဒ္ဓေ ဝိဝေကဝါသေ. ဝီရိယာရမ္ဘေတိ သမ္မပ္ပဓာနဿ ပဂ္ဂဏှနေ[Pg.159]. တံ ပန သဗ္ဗသော ဝီရိယဿ ပရိဗြူဟနံ ဟောတီတိ အာဟ ‘‘ကာယိကစေတသိကဿ ဝီရိယဿ ပူရဏေ’’တိ. သတိယဉ္စေဝ နိပကဘာဝေ စာတိ သတောကာရိတာယ စေဝ သမ္ပဇာနကာရိတာယ စ. သတိသမ္ပဇညဗလေနေဝ ဟိ ဝီရိယာရမ္ဘော ဣဇ္ဈတိ. ဒိဋ္ဌိပဋိဝေဓေတိ မဂ္ဂသမ္မာဒိဋ္ဌိယာ ပဋိဝိဇ္ဈနေ. တေနာဟ ‘‘မဂ္ဂဒဿနေ’’တိ.

The proper undertaking of the training is 'sikkhāsamādāna.' And that should be understood by way of its fulfillment; hence it is said, 'sikkhāttayapūraṇe' (in the fulfillment of the triple training). Or, 'sikkhāsamādāna' is the proper protection of the training from the very beginning. And that is defined in meaning by fulfillment, because without protection there is a complete absence of it, and with protection there is its complete fulfillment. 'Balavacchando' means strong desire. 'Āyati' refers to a future time, such as the next day, etc., not a future existence; hence it is said, 'anāgate punadivasādīsupi' (even in future days, etc.). For one fulfilling the training, there is constant devotion and undiminished affection for it. The proper reflection on the phenomena of the three realms as impermanent, etc., is 'dhammanisāmanā;' hence it is said, 'vipassanāyetaṃ adhivacanaṃ' (this is a designation for insight). 'Taṇhāvinaye' (in the removal of craving) means in the suppression of craving accomplished through the power of the knowledge of contemplation of dissolution. 'Ekībhāve' (in solitude) means in dwelling in seclusion, accomplished by the removal of association with groups and association with defilements. 'Vīriyārambhe' (in the arousal of energy) means in the undertaking of right effort. And that is the complete development of energy; hence it is said, 'kāyikacetasikassa vīriyassa pūraṇe' (in the fulfillment of bodily and mental energy). 'Satiyañceva nipakabhāve cāti' (in mindfulness and in the state of being prudent) means through acting with mindfulness and acting with clear comprehension. For the arousal of energy succeeds only through the power of mindfulness and clear comprehension. 'Diṭṭhipaṭivedhe' (in the penetration of view) means in the penetration of the right view of the path. Hence it is said, 'maggadassane' (in the seeing of the path).

နိဒ္ဒသဝတ္ထုသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Niddasavatthu Sutta is concluded.

အနုသယဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Anusayavagga is concluded.

၃. ဝဇ္ဇိသတ္တကဝဂ္ဂေါ

3. The Vajjian Chapter on Sevens

၁. သာရန္ဒဒသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

1. Commentary on the Sārandada Sutta

၂၁. တတိယဿ ပဌမေ ဒေဝါယတနဘာဝေန စိတ္တတ္တာ လောကဿ စိတ္တီကာရဋ္ဌာနတာယ စ စေတိယံ အဟောသိ. ယာဝကီဝန္တိ (ဒီ. နိ. ဋီ. ၂.၁၃၄) ဧကမေဝေတံ ပဒံ အနိယမတော ပရိမာဏဝါစီ. ကာလော စေတ္ထ အဓိပ္ပေတောတိ အာဟ ‘‘ယတ္တကံ ကာလ’’န္တိ. အဘိဏှံ သန္နိပါတာတိ နိစ္စသန္နိပါတာ. တံ ပန နိစ္စသန္နိပါတတံ ဒဿေတုံ ‘‘ဒိဝသဿာ’’တိအာဒိ ဝုတ္တံ. သန္နိပါတဗဟုလာတိ ပစုရသန္နိပါတာ. ဝေါသာနန္တိ သင်္ကောစံ. ‘‘ဝုဒ္ဓိယေဝါ’’တိအာဒိနာ ဝုတ္တမတ္ထံ ဗျတိရေကမုခေန ဒဿေတုံ ‘‘အဘိဏှံ အသန္နိပတန္တာ ဟီ’’တိအာဒိ ဝုတ္တံ. အာကုလာတိ ခုဘိတာ န ပသန္နာ. ဘိဇ္ဇိတွာတိ ဝဂ္ဂဗန္ဓတော ဝိဘဇ္ဇ ဝိသုံ ဝိသုံ ဟုတွာ.

21. In the first (discourse) of the third (chapter), because of its being a divine abode, being beautiful, and a place of veneration for the world, it was a shrine. 'Yāvakīvaṃ' (Dī. Ni. Ṭī. 2.134) is a single word indicating an indefinite quantity. Here, time is the intended meaning; hence, it is said, 'yattakaṃ kālaṃ' (for as long as). 'Abhiṇhaṃ sannipātā' means constant gatherings. To show this constant gathering, 'divasassa,' etc., is said. 'Sannipātabahulā' means frequent gatherings. 'Vosānaṃ' means shrinking. To illustrate the meaning stated by 'vuddhiyeva' (growth alone), etc., through contrast, it is said, 'abhiṇhaṃ asannipatantā hi' (for not gathering frequently), etc. 'Ākulā' means agitated, not serene. 'Bhijjitvā' means having broken apart from factional ties and become separate.

သန္နိပါတဘေရိယာတိ သန္နိပါတာရောစနဘေရိယာ. အဒ္ဓဘုတ္တာ ဝါတိ သာမိဘုတ္တာ ဝါ. ဩသီဒမာနေတိ ဟာယမာနေ.

'Sannipātabheriyā' means the drum announcing the assembly. 'Addhabhuttā vā' means 'or half-eaten.' 'Osīdamāne' means 'while declining.'

သုင်္ကန္တိ ဘဏ္ဍံ ဂဟေတွာ ဂစ္ဆန္တေဟိ ပဗ္ဗတခဏ္ဍနာဒိတိတ္ထဂါမဒွါရာဒီသု ရာဇပုရိသာနံ ဒါတဗ္ဗဘာဂံ. ဗလိန္တိ နိပ္ဖန္နသဿာဒိတော ဆဘာဂံ သတ္တဘာဂန္တိအာဒိနာ လဒ္ဓဗ္ဗကရံ. ဒဏ္ဍန္တိ ဒသဝီသတိကဟာပဏာဒိကံ အပရာဓာနုရူပံ ဂဟေတဗ္ဗဓနဒဏ္ဍံ. ဝဇ္ဇိဓမ္မန္တိ ဝဇ္ဇိရာဇဓမ္မံ. ဣဒါနိ အပညတ္တပညာပနာဒီသု တပ္ပဋိက္ခေပေ စ အာဒီနဝါနိသံသေ စ ဝိတ္ထာရတော ဒဿေတုံ ‘‘တေသ’’န္တိအာဒိ [Pg.160] ဝုတ္တံ. ပါရိစရိယက္ခမာတိ ဥပဋ္ဌာနက္ခမာ. ပေါရာဏံ ဝဇ္ဇိဓမ္မန္တိ ဧတ္ထ ပုဗ္ဗေ ကိရ ဝဇ္ဇိရာဇာနော ‘‘အယံ စောရော’’တိ အာနေတွာ ဒဿိတေ ‘‘ဂဏှထ နံ စောရ’’န္တိ အဝတွာ ဝိနိစ္ဆယမဟာမတ္တာနံ ဒေန္တိ. တေ ဝိနိစ္ဆိနိတွာ သစေ အစောရော ဟောတိ, ဝိဿဇ္ဇေန္တိ. သစေ စောရော, အတ္တနာ ကိဉ္စိ အကတွာ ဝေါဟာရိကာနံ ဒေန္တိ, တေပိ ဝိနိစ္ဆိနိတွာ အစောရော စေ, ဝိဿဇ္ဇေန္တိ. စောရော စေ, သုတ္တဓရာနံ ဒေန္တိ. တေပိ ဝိနိစ္ဆိနိတွာ အစောရော စေ, ဝိဿဇ္ဇေန္တိ. စောရော စေ, အဋ္ဋကုလိကာနံ ဒေန္တိ, တေပိ တထေဝ ကတွာ သေနာပတိဿ, သေနာပတိ ဥပရာဇဿ, ဥပရာဇာ ရညော. ရာဇာ ဝိနိစ္ဆိနိတွာ သစေ အစောရော ဟောတိ, ဝိဿဇ္ဇေတိ. သစေ ပန စောရော ဟောတိ, ပဝေဏိပဏ္ဏကံ ဝါစာပေတိ. တတ္ထ ‘‘ယေန ဣဒံ နာမ ကတံ, တဿ အယံ နာမဒဏ္ဍော’’တိ လိခိတံ. ရာဇာ တဿ ကိရိယံ တေန သမာနေတွာ တဒနုစ္ဆဝိကံ ဒဏ္ဍံ ကရောတိ. ဣတိ ဧတံ ပေါရာဏံ ဝဇ္ဇိဓမ္မံ သမာဒါယ ဝတ္တန္တာနံ မနုဿာ န ဥဇ္ဈာယန္တိ. ပရမ္ပရာဂတေသု အဋ္ဋကုလေသု ဇာတာ အဂတိဂမနဝိရတာ အဋ္ဋမဟလ္လကပုရိသာ အဋ္ဋကုလိကာ.

'Suṅkaṃ' means the portion to be given to the king's officers by those carrying goods through mountain passes, fords, village gates, and so forth. 'Baliṃ' means the tax to be obtained, such as one-sixth or one-seventh, from the harvested crops. 'Daṇḍaṃ' means the monetary fine to be taken, such as ten or twenty kahāpaṇas, according to the offense. 'Vajjidhammaṃ' means the law of the Vajjian kings. Now, to explain in detail the dangers and benefits concerning the establishment of what has not been established and the rejection thereof, the passage begins with 'tesaṃ,' and so on. 'Pāricariyakkhamā' means capable of serving. Regarding 'porāṇaṃ vajjidhammaṃ,' the ancient law of the Vajjis: in the past, it is said, when someone was brought and shown to the Vajjian kings with the accusation, 'This is a thief,' they would not say, 'Seize this thief,' but would hand him over to the judicial ministers. If, after investigating, they found he was not a thief, they would release him. If he was a thief, without doing anything themselves, they would hand him over to the legal experts. If they too, after investigating, found he was not a thief, they would release him. If he was a thief, they would hand him over to the keepers of the law-books. If they too, after investigating, found he was not a thief, they would release him. If he was a thief, they would hand him over to the council of eight families. They, having done likewise, would hand him over to the commander-in-chief, the commander-in-chief to the viceroy, and the viceroy to the king. The king, after investigating, if he was not a thief, would release him. But if he was a thief, he would have the book of precedents read out. Therein it is written: 'For one who has done such-and-such a deed, this is the penalty.' The king, comparing the person's action with that, imposes a suitable penalty. Thus, for those who conducted themselves according to this ancient Vajjian law, the people did not complain. The 'aṭṭakulikā' were the eight elder men, born into eight families of unbroken lineage, who refrained from going astray into partiality.

သက္ကာရန္တိ ဥပကာရံ. ဂရုဘာဝံ ပစ္စုပဋ္ဌပေတွာတိ ‘‘ဣမေ အမှာကံ ဂရုနော’’တိ တတ္ထ ဂရုဘာဝံ ပဋိ ပဋိ ဥပဋ္ဌပေတွာ. မာနေဿန္တီတိ သမ္မာနေဿန္တိ. တံ ပန သမ္မာနနံ တေသု နေသံ အတ္တမနတာပုဗ္ဗကန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘မနေန ပိယာယိဿန္တီ’’တိ. နိပစ္စကာရံ ပဏိပါတံ. ဒဿေန္တီတိ ဂရုစိတ္တဘာရံ ဒဿေန္တိ. သန္ဓာနေတုန္တိ သမ္ဗန္ဓံ အဝိစ္ဆိန္နံ ကတွာ ဃဋေတုံ.

'Sakkāraṃ' means assistance. 'Garubhāvaṃ paccupaṭṭhapetvā' means having repeatedly established reverence, thinking, 'These are our venerable ones.' 'Mānessanti' means they will properly esteem. That esteem, however, is preceded by their satisfaction in them; hence, it is said, 'manena piyāyissanti' (they will cherish them with their minds). 'Nipaccakāraṃ' means prostration. 'Dassenti' means they display the weight of a respectful mind. 'Sandhānetuṃ' means to join together, making the connection unbroken.

ပသယှကာရဿာတိ ဗလက္ကာရဿ. ကာမံ ဝုဒ္ဓိယာ ပူဇနီယတာယ ‘‘ဝုဒ္ဓိဟာနိယော’’တိ ဝုတ္တံ, အတ္ထော ပန ဝုတ္တာနုက္ကမေနေဝ ယောဇေတဗ္ဗော. ပါဠိယံ ဝါ ယသ္မာ ‘‘ဝုဒ္ဓိယေဝ ပါဋိကင်္ခါ, နော ပရိဟာနီ’’တိ ဝုတ္တံ, တသ္မာ တဒနုက္ကမေန ‘‘ဝုဒ္ဓိဟာနိယော’’တိ ဝုတ္တံ.

'Pasayhakārassa' means of one who uses force. Although 'vuddhihāniyo' (growth and decline) is said with 'growth' placed first due to its venerability, the meaning should nevertheless be construed according to the sequence stated. Or, because it is said in the Pāḷi text, 'Only growth is to be expected, not decline,' it is therefore said 'vuddhihāniyo' following that sequence.

ဝိပစ္စိတုံ အလဒ္ဓေါကာသေ ပါပကမ္မေ, တဿ ကမ္မဿ ဝိပါကေ ဝါ အနဝသရောဝ ဒေဝသောပသဂ္ဂေါ. တသ္မိံ ပန လဒ္ဓေါကာသေ သိယာ ဒေဝတောပသဂ္ဂဿ အဝသရောတိ အာဟ ‘‘အနုပ္ပန္နံ…ပေ… ဝဍ္ဎေန္တီ’’တိ. ဧတေနေဝ အနုပ္ပန္နံ သုခန္တိ ဧတ္ထာပိ အတ္ထော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. ဗလကာယဿ ဒိဂုဏတိဂုဏတာဒဿနံ ပဋိဘယဘာဝဒဿနန္တိ ဧဝမာဒိနာ ဒေဝတာနံ သင်္ဂါမသီသေ သဟာယတာ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ.

When an evil deed has not found an opportunity to ripen, there is no occasion for divine affliction regarding the result of that kamma. But when it has found an opportunity, there may be an occasion for divine affliction; hence, it is said: 'anuppannaṃ…pe… vaḍḍhenti' (unarisen…they increase). By this same principle, the meaning of 'anuppannaṃ sukhaṃ' (unarisen happiness) should also be understood here. The assistance of deities at the head of the battle should be understood through such things as the appearance of the army's strength as double or triple, the appearance of a terrifying nature, and so on.

အနိစ္ဆိတန္တိ [Pg.161] အနိဋ္ဌံ. အာဝရဏတောတိ နိသေဓနတော. ဓမ္မတော အနပေတာ ဓမ္မိယာတိ ဣဓ ‘‘ဓမ္မိကာ’’တိ ဝုတ္တာ. မိဂသူကရာဒိဃာတာယ သုနခါဒီနံ ကဍ္ဎိတွာ ဝနစရဏံ ဝါဇော, တတ္ထ နိယုတ္တာ, တေ ဝါ ဝါဇေန္တီတိ ဝါဇိကာ, မိဂဝဓစာရိနော.

'Anicchitaṃ' means unwanted. 'Āvaraṇato' means by way of prevention. 'Dhammiyā' means not deviating from the Dhamma; here they are called 'dhammikā' (righteous). 'Vājo' is roaming in the forest, having dragged along dogs and so on for the slaughter of deer, boars, and other animals; those engaged therein, or those who drive them on, are 'vājikā' (hunters), those who roam about for the killing of animals.

သာရန္ဒဒသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Sārandada Sutta is concluded.

၂. ဝဿကာရသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

2. The Commentary on the Vassakāra Sutta.

၂၂. ဒုတိယေ အဘိယာတုကာမောတိ ဧတ္ထ အဘိ-သဒ္ဒေါ အဘိဘဝနတ္ထော ‘‘အနဘိဝိဒိတု’’န္တိအာဒီသု ဝိယာတိ အာဟ ‘‘အဘိဘဝနတ္ထာယ ယာတုကာမော’’တိ. ဝဇ္ဇိရာဇာနောတိ ‘‘ဝဇ္ဇေတဗ္ဗာ ဣမေ’’တိ အာဒိတော ပဝတ္တံ ဝစနံ ဥပါဒါယ ဝဇ္ဇီတိ လဒ္ဓနာမာ ရာဇာနော, ဝဇ္ဇိရဋ္ဌဿ ဝါ ရာဇာနော ဝဇ္ဇိရာဇာနော. ရဋ္ဌဿ ပန ဝဇ္ဇိသမညာ တန္နိဝါသိရာဇကုမာရဝသေန ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ. ရာဇိဒ္ဓိယာတိ ရာဇဘာဝါနုဂတေန ပဘာဝေန. သော ပန ပဘာဝေါ နေသံ ဂဏရာဇာနံ မိထော သာမဂ္ဂိယာ လောကေ ပါကဋော. စိရဋ္ဌာယီ စ အဟောသီတိ ‘‘သမဂ္ဂဘာဝံ ကထေတီ’’တိ ဝုတ္တံ. အနု အနု တံသမင်္ဂိနော ဘာဝေတိ ဝဍ္ဎေတီတိ အနုဘာဝေါ, အနုဘာဝေါ ဧဝ အာနုဘာဝေါ, ပတာပေါ. သော ပန နေသံ ပတာပေါ ဟတ္ထိအဿာဒိဝါဟနသမ္ပတ္တိယာ တတ္ထ စ သုဘိက္ခိတဘာဝေန လောကေ ပါကဋော ဇာတောတိ ‘‘ဧတေန…ပေ… ကထေတီ’’တိ ဝုတ္တံ. တာဠစ္ဆိဂ္ဂဠေနာတိ ကုဉ္စိကာဆိဒ္ဒေန. အသနန္တိ သရံ. အတိပါတယိဿန္တီတိ အတိက္ကာမေန္တိ. ပေါင်္ခါနုပေါင်္ခန္တိ ပေါင်္ခဿ အနုပေါင်္ခံ, ပုရိမသရဿ ပေါင်္ခပဒါနုဂတပေါင်္ခံ ဣတရံ သရံ ကတွာတိ အတ္ထော. အဝိရာဓိတန္တိ အဝိရဇ္ဈိတံ. ဥစ္ဆိန္ဒိဿာမီတိ ဥမ္မူလနဝသေန ကုလသန္တတိံ ဆိန္ဒိဿာမိ. အယနံ ဝဍ္ဎနံ အယော, တပ္ပဋိပက္ခေန အနယောတိ အာဟ ‘‘အဝဍ္ဎိ’’န္တိ. ဉာတီနံ ဗျသနံ ဝိနာသော ဉာတိဗျသနံ.

22. In the second (section), regarding 'abhiyātukāmo' (desiring to attack), the prefix 'abhi-' has the meaning of overcoming, as in 'anabhividituṃ,' etc.; hence, it is said, 'abhibhavanatthāya yātukāmo' (desiring to go for the purpose of overcoming). 'Vajjirājāno' (the Vajjian kings) are kings who obtained the name 'Vajjī' based on the saying that originated, 'ime vajjetabbā' (these are to be avoided); or, they are the kings of the Vajjian country. The designation 'Vajjī' for the country, however, should be understood on account of the royal princes who resided there. 'Rājiddhiyā' (by royal power) means by the influence associated with the state of being a king. That influence of those republican kings became manifest in the world through their mutual harmony, and it was long-lasting; thus it is said, 'it speaks of their state of harmony.' 'Anubhāvo' is so called because it repeatedly (anu anu) cultivates (bhāveti) and increases (vaḍḍheti) those endowed with it; anubhāvo is the same as ānubhāvo, meaning majesty (patāpo). That majesty of theirs became manifest in the world through their wealth of conveyances such as elephants and horses, and through the abundance of food there; thus it is said, 'by this… it speaks of…' 'Tāḷacchiggaḷena' means through a keyhole. 'Asanaṃ' means an arrow. 'Atipātayissanti' means they will make it pass beyond. 'Poṅkhānupoṅkhaṃ' means feather after feather; the meaning is having made the feather of the next arrow follow the feather-base of the previous arrow. 'Avirādhitaṃ' means unhindered. 'Ucchindissāmi' means I will cut off the family lineage by way of uprooting. 'Ayanaṃ' is growth (vaḍḍhanaṃ), thus 'ayo'; its opposite is 'anayo,' hence it says 'avaḍḍhi' (decline). 'Ñātibyasanaṃ' is the ruin (byasanaṃ) or destruction (vināso) of relatives.

ဂင်္ဂါယာတိ ဂင်္ဂါသမီပေ. ပဋ္ဋနဂါမန္တိ သကဋပဋ္ဋနဂါမံ. တတြာတိ တသ္မိံ ပဋ္ဋနေ. ဗလဝါဃာတဇာတောတိ ဥပ္ပန္နဗလဝကောဓော. မေတိ မယှံ. ဂတေနာတိ ဂမနေန. သီတံ ဝါ ဥဏှံ ဝါ နတ္ထိ တာယ ဝေလာယ. အဘိမုခံ ယုဒ္ဓေနာတိ အဘိမုခံ ဥဇုကမေဝ သင်္ဂါမကရဏေန. ဥပလာပနံ သာမံ ဒါနဉ္စာတိ ဒဿေတုံ ‘‘အလ’’န္တိအာဒိ ဝုတ္တံ. ဘေဒေါပိ ဣဓ ဥပါယော ဧဝါတိ [Pg.162] ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘အညတြ မိထုဘေဒါ’’တိ. ယုဒ္ဓဿ ပန အနုပါယတာ ပဂေဝ ပကာသိတာ. ဣဒန္တိ ‘‘အညတြ ဥပလာပနာယ အညတြ မိထုဘေဒါ’’တိ ဣဒံ ဝစနံ. ကထာယ နယံ လဘိတွာတိ ‘‘ယာဝကီဝဉ္စ …ပေ… ပရိဟာနီ’’တိ ဣမာယ ဘဂဝတော ကထာယ ဥပါယံ လဘိတွာ. အနုကမ္ပာယာတိ ဝဇ္ဇိရာဇေသု အနုဂ္ဂဟေန.

'Gaṅgāya' means near the Ganges. 'Paṭṭanagāmaṃ' means the port village of Sakaṭapaṭṭana. 'Tatrā' means in that port town. 'Balavāghātajāto' means one in whom strong anger has arisen. 'Me' means 'my' or 'for me.' 'Gatena' means by going. 'There is neither cold nor heat at that time.' 'Abhimukhaṃ yuddhena' means by making battle directly face-to-face. To show that conciliation, peaceful negotiation, and giving are sufficient means, the statement beginning with 'alaṃ' (enough) is made. That dissension is also a means here is stated by 'aññatra mithubhedā' (except for mutual dissension). The ineffectiveness of battle, however, has already been shown. 'Idaṃ' refers to this statement: 'except for conciliation, except for mutual dissension.' 'Kathāya nayaṃ labhitvā' means having obtained a method from this discourse of the Blessed One: 'As long as… no decline…' 'Anukampāya' means out of favour towards the Vajjian kings.

ရာဇာပိ တမေဝ ပေသေတွာ သဗ္ဗေ…ပေ… ပါပေသီတိ ရာဇာ တံ အတ္တနော သန္တိကံ အာဂတံ ‘‘ကိံ, အာစရိယ, ဘဂဝါ အဝစာ’’တိ ပုစ္ဆိ. သော ‘‘ယထာ ဘော သမဏဿ ဂေါတမဿ ဝစနံ န သက္ကာ ဝဇ္ဇီ ကေနစိ ဂဟေတုံ, အပိစ ဥပလာပနာယ ဝါ မိထုဘေဒေန ဝါ သက္ကာ’’တိ အာဟ. တတော နံ ရာဇာ ‘‘ဥပလာပနာယ အမှာကံ ဟတ္ထိအဿာဒယော နဿိဿန္တိ, ဘေဒေနေဝ တေ ဂဟေဿာမိ, ကိံ ကရောမာ’’တိ ပုစ္ဆိ. တေန ဟိ, မဟာရာဇ, တုမှေ ဝဇ္ဇီ အာရဗ္ဘ ပရိသတိ ကထံ သမုဋ္ဌာပေထ, တတော အဟံ ‘‘ကိံ တေ, မဟာရာဇ, တေဟိ, အတ္တနော သန္တကေန ကသိဝဏိဇ္ဇာဒီနိ ကတွာ ဇီဝန္တု ဧတေ ရာဇာနော’’တိ ဝတွာ ပက္ကမိဿာမိ. တတော တုမှေ ‘‘ကိံ နု, ဘော, ဧသ ဗြာဟ္မဏော ဝဇ္ဇီ အာရဗ္ဘ ပဝတ္တံ ကထံ ပဋိဗာဟတီ’’တိ ဝဒေယျာထ. ဒိဝသဘာဂေ စာဟံ တေသံ ပဏ္ဏာကာရံ ပေသေဿာမိ, တမ္ပိ ဂါဟာပေတွာ တုမှေပိ မမ ဒေါသံ အာရောပေတွာ ဗန္ဓနတာဠနာဒီနိ အကတွာဝ ကေဝလံ ခုရမုဏ္ဍံ မံ ကတွာ နဂရာ နီဟရာပေထ, အထာဟံ ‘‘မယာ တေ နဂရေ ပါကာရော ပရိခါ စ ကာရိတာ, အဟံ ထိရဒုဗ္ဗလဋ္ဌာနဉ္စ ဥတ္တာနဂမ္ဘီရဋ္ဌာနဉ္စ ဇာနာမိ, န စိရဿံ ဒါနိ တံ ဥဇုံ ကရိဿာမီ’’တိ ဝက္ခာမိ. တံ သုတွာ တုမှေ ‘‘ဂစ္ဆတူ’’တိ ဝဒေယျာထာတိ. ရာဇာ သဗ္ဗံ အကာသိ.

Regarding the passage, 'The king, having sent him, brought all... to ruin and disaster': The king asked him when he arrived in his presence, "What, teacher, did the Blessed One say?" He replied, "According to the word of the ascetic Gotama, the Vajjis cannot be captured by anyone, but it is possible by means of flattery or by causing dissension." Then the king asked him, "If we use flattery, our elephants, horses, and so forth will be lost. I will capture them by causing dissension alone. What should we do?" "Then, great king, you should raise a discussion in the assembly concerning the Vajjis. Then I will say, 'What is it to you, great king? Let these kings live by their own means, farming and trading.' Having said this, I will leave. Then you should say, 'Why does this brahmin obstruct the discussion concerning the Vajjis?' During the day, I will send them a gift. Seize that too, and accuse me as well. Without binding or beating me, just shave my head and banish me from the city. Then I will say, 'I had the walls and moats built for your city. I know the strong and weak points, the shallow and deep places. Before long I will set it right.' Hearing this, you should say, 'Let him go.'" The king did everything.

လိစ္ဆဝီ တဿ နိက္ခမနံ သုတွာ ‘‘သဌော ဗြာဟ္မဏော, မာ တဿ ဂင်္ဂံ ဥတ္တာရေတုံ အဒတ္ထာ’’တိ အာဟံသု. တတြ ဧကစ္စေဟိ ‘‘အမှေ အာရဗ္ဘ ကထိတတ္တာ ကိရ သော ဧဝံ ကရောတီ’’တိ ဝုတ္တေ ‘‘တေန ဟိ ဘဏေ ဧတူ’’တိ ဝဒိံသု. သော ဂန္တွာ လိစ္ဆဝီ ဒိသွာ ‘‘ကိမာဂတတ္ထာ’’တိ ပုစ္ဆိတော တံ ပဝတ္တိံ အာရောစေသိ. လိစ္ဆဝိနော ‘‘အပ္ပမတ္တကေန နာမ ဧဝံ ဂရုံ ဒဏ္ဍံ ကာတုံ န ယုတ္တ’’န္တိ ဝတွာ ‘‘ကိံ တေ တတြ ဌာနန္တရ’’န္တိ ပုစ္ဆိံသု. ဝိနိစ္ဆယမဟာမစ္စောဟမသ္မီတိ. တဒေဝ တေ ဌာနန္တရံ ဟောတူတိ. သော သုဋ္ဌုတရံ ဝိနိစ္ဆယံ ကရောတိ. ရာဇကုမာရာ တဿ သန္တိကေ သိပ္ပံ ဥဂ္ဂဏှန္တိ. သော ပတိဋ္ဌိတဂုဏော ဟုတွာ ဧကဒိဝသံ ဧကံ လိစ္ဆဝိံ ဂဟေတွာ ဧကမန္တံ ဂန္တွာ ‘‘ဒါရကာ [Pg.163] ကသန္တီ’’တိ ပုစ္ဆိ. အာမ, ကသန္တိ. ဒွေ ဂေါဏေ ယောဇေတွာတိ. အာမ, ဒွေ ဂေါဏေ ယောဇေတွာတိ. ဧတ္တကံ ဝတွာ နိဝတ္တော. တတော တမညော ‘‘ကိံ အာစရိယော အာဟာ’’တိ ပုစ္ဆိတွာ တေန ဝုတ္တံ – အသဒ္ဒဟန္တော ‘‘န မေသော ယထာဘူတံ ကထေတီ’’တိ တေန သဒ္ဓိံ ဘိဇ္ဇိ.

The Licchavis, hearing of his departure, said, "That brahmin is deceitful; do not allow him to cross the Ganges." Some there remarked, "It seems he is acting this way because it was said about us." They then said, "Well then, let him come." He went and, seeing the Licchavis, was asked, "Why have you come?" He explained the situation to them. The Licchavis, saying, "It is not right to inflict such a heavy punishment for such a trifling matter," asked, "What was your position there?" "I was the chief minister of justice," he replied. "Let that very position be yours," they said. He gave judgments very well. The princes learned skills from him. Having established his good reputation, one day he took a Licchavi aside and asked, "Are the boys plowing?" "Yes, they are plowing." "With two oxen yoked?" "Yes, with two oxen yoked." Having said this much, he returned. Then another asked him, "What did the teacher say?" and not believing what was said, thinking, "He does not tell me what actually happened," he broke with him.

ဗြာဟ္မဏော အပရမ္ပိ ဧကဒိဝသံ ဧကံ လိစ္ဆဝိံ ဧကမန္တံ နေတွာ ‘‘ကေန ဗျဉ္ဇနေန ဘုတ္တောသီ’’တိ ပုစ္ဆိတွာ နိဝတ္တော. တမ္ပိ အညော ပုစ္ဆိတွာ အသဒ္ဒဟန္တော တထေဝ ဘိဇ္ဇိ. ဗြာဟ္မဏော အပရမ္ပိ ဒိဝသံ ဧကံ လိစ္ဆဝိံ ဧကမန္တံ နေတွာ ‘‘အတိဒုဂ္ဂတောသိ ကိရာ’’တိ ပုစ္ဆိ. ကော ဧဝမာဟာတိ. အသုကော နာမ လိစ္ဆဝီတိ. အပရမ္ပိ ဧကမန္တံ နေတွာ ‘‘တွံ ကိရ ဘီရုဇာတိကော’’တိ ပုစ္ဆိ. ကော ဧဝမာဟာတိ? အသုကော နာမ လိစ္ဆဝီတိ. ဧဝံ အညေန အကထိတမေဝ အညဿ ကထေန္တော တီဟိ သံဝစ္ဆရေဟိ တေ ရာဇာနော အညမညံ ဘိန္ဒိတွာ ယထာ ဒွေ ဧကမဂ္ဂေန န ဂစ္ဆန္တိ, တထာ ကတွာ သန္နိပါတဘေရိံ စရာပေသိ. လိစ္ဆဝိနော ‘‘ဣဿရာ သန္နိပတန္တု, သူရာ သန္နိပတန္တူ’’တိ ဝတွာ န သန္နိပတိံသု. ဗြာဟ္မဏော ‘‘အယံ ဒါနိ ကာလော, သီဃံ အာဂစ္ဆတူ’’တိ ရညော သာသနံ ပေသေတိ. ရာဇာ သုတွာဝ ဗလဘေရိံ စရာပေတွာ နိက္ခမိ. ဝေသာလိကာ သုတွာ ‘‘ရညော ဂင်္ဂံ ဥတ္တရိတုံ န ဒဿာမာ’’တိ ဘေရိံ စရာပေသုံ. တေ သုတွာ ‘‘ဂစ္ဆန္တု သူရရာဇာနော’’တိအာဒီနိ ဝတွာ န သန္နိပတိံသု. ‘‘နဂရပ္ပဝေသနံ န ဒဿာမ, ဒွါရာနိ ပိဒဟိဿာမာ’’တိ ဘေရိံ စရာပေသုံ. ဧကောပိ န သန္နိပတိ. ယထာဝိဝဋေဟိ ဒွါရေဟိ ပဝိသိတွာ သဗ္ဗေ အနယဗျသနံ ပါပေတွာ ဂတော. တံ သန္ဓာယေတံ ဝုတ္တံ – ‘‘ရာဇာပိ တမေဝ ပေသေတွာ သဗ္ဗေပိ ဘိန္ဒိတွာ ဂန္တွာ အနယဗျသနံ ပါပေသီ’’တိ.

The brahmin took another Licchavi aside one day and asked, "With what relish did you eat?" and then withdrew. Another asked that Licchavi what was said, and not believing him, he too broke away. The brahmin took yet another Licchavi aside one day and asked, "Are you said to be extremely poor?" "Who says so?" "Such-and-such a Licchavi." Again, he took another aside and asked, "Are you said to be of a cowardly nature?" "Who says so?" "Such-and-such a Licchavi." Thus, by relating to one what another had not said, within three years he caused those kings to become divided from each other. He made them so divided that two would not walk the same path together, and then he had the assembly drum sounded. The Licchavis, saying, "Let the powerful assemble, let the brave assemble," did not assemble. The brahmin sent a message to the king, saying, "Now is the time, come quickly!" Upon hearing this, the king had the drum of war sounded and set out. The people of Vesālī heard it and had a drum sounded, saying, "We will not allow the king to cross the Ganges!" Hearing this, they said, "Let the heroic kings go forth," and so on, but they did not assemble. They had a drum sounded, saying, "We will not allow entry into the city, we will close the gates." Not even one assembled. The king entered through the gates as they were open, brought them all to ruin and disaster, and then departed. With reference to this it was said: "The king sent him and, having divided them all, went and brought them to ruin and disaster."

ဝဿကာရသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Vassakāra Sutta is concluded.

၂. ပဌမသတ္တကသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

2. The Commentary on the First Sutta of the Sevens

၂၃. တတိယေ အပရိဟာနာယ ဟိတာတိ အပရိဟာနိယာ (ဒီ. နိ. ဋီ. ၂.၁၃၆), န ပရိဟာယန္တိ ဧတေဟီတိ ဝါ အပရိဟာနိယာ. ဧဝံ သင်္ခေပတော ဝုတ္တမတ္ထံ ဝိတ္ထာရတော ဒဿေန္တော ‘‘ဣဓာပိ စာ’’တိအာဒိမာဟ. တတ္ထ တတောတိအာဒိ ဒိသာသု အာဂတသာသနေ ဝုတ္တဝစနံ ဝုတ္တကထနံ. ဝိဟာရသီမာ အာကုလာ ယသ္မာ[Pg.164], တသ္မာ ဥပေါသထပဝါရဏာ ဌိတာ. ဩလီယမာနကောတိ ပါဠိတော အတ္ထတော စ ဝိနဿမာနကော. ဥက္ခိပါပေန္တာတိ ပဂုဏဘာဝကရဏေန အတ္ထသံဝဏ္ဏနာဝသေန စ ပဂ္ဂဏှန္တာ.

23. In the third point, aparihānāya hitā means aparihāniyā (for non-decline) (Dī. Ni. Ṭī. 2.136); or, because they do not decline by these means, it is aparihāniyā. Explaining in detail the meaning thus stated in brief, he says, 'And here also,' and so on. Therein, tato, and so on, refers to the spoken word and the spoken teaching in the Dispensation that has come to the various regions. Because the monastery boundary is congested, the Uposatha and Pavāraṇā are therefore established. Olīyamānako means perishing both in terms of the Pāli text and its meaning. Ukkhipāpentā means supporting them by making them proficient and by way of explaining the meaning.

သာဝတ္ထိယံ ဘိက္ခူ ဝိယ (ပါရာ. ၅၆၅) ပါစိတ္တိယံ ဒေသာပေတဗ္ဗောတိ ပညာပေန္တာ. ဝဇ္ဇိပုတ္တကာ ဝိယ (စူဠဝ. ၄၄၆) ဒသဝတ္ထုဒီပနေန. တထာ အကရောန္တာတိ နဝံ ကတိကဝတ္တံ ဝါ သိက္ခာပဒံ ဝါ အမဒ္ဒန္တာ ဓမ္မဝိနယတော သာသနံ ဒီပေန္တာ ခုဒ္ဒကမ္ပိ စ သိက္ခာပဒံ အသမူဟနန္တာ. အာယသ္မာ မဟာကဿပေါ ဝိယ စာတိ ‘‘သုဏာတု မေ, အာဝုသော, သံဃော, သန္တာမှာကံ သိက္ခာပဒါနိ ဂိဟိဂတာနိ. ဂိဟိနောပိ ဇာနန္တိ ‘ဣဒံ ဝေါ သမဏာနံ သကျပုတ္တိကာနံ ကပ္ပတိ, ဣဒံ ဝေါ န ကပ္ပတီ’တိ. သစေပိ ဟိ မယံ ခုဒ္ဒါနုခုဒ္ဒကာနိ သိက္ခာပဒါနိ သမူဟနိဿာမ, ဘဝိဿန္တိ ဝတ္တာရော ‘ဓူမကာလိကံ သမဏေန ဂေါတမေန သာဝကာနံ သိက္ခာပဒံ ပညတ္တံ, ယာဝိမေသံ သတ္ထာ အဋ္ဌာသိ, တာဝိမေ သိက္ခာပဒေသု သိက္ခိံသု. ယတော ဣမေသံ သတ္ထာ ပရိနိဗ္ဗုတော, န ဒါနိမေ သိက္ခာပဒေသု သိက္ခန္တီ’တိ. ယဒိ သံဃဿ ပတ္တကလ္လံ, သံဃော အပညတ္တံ န ပညပေယျ, ပညတ္တံ န သမုစ္ဆိန္ဒေယျ, ယထာပညတ္တေသု သိက္ခာပဒေသု သမာဒါယ ဝတ္တေယျာ’’တိ ဣမံ (စူဠဝ. ၄၄၂) တန္တိံ ဌပေန္တော အာယသ္မာ မဟာကဿပေါ ဝိယ စ.

Like the monks at Sāvatthī (Pārā. 565), who decree that a pācittiya offense should be confessed. Like the Vajjiputtakas (Cūḷava. 446), by elucidating the ten points. Similarly, those who do not act thus—not rejecting a new customary rule or training rule, elucidating the Teaching from the Dhamma and Vinaya, and not uprooting even a minor training rule—and like the Venerable Mahākassapa, who, establishing this standard (Cūḷava. 442), said: "Friends, let the Sangha listen to me. Our training rules have become known to householders. Even householders know, 'This is allowable for you, the Sakyan ascetics; this is not allowable for you.' If we were to uproot even the minor training rules, there would be those who say, 'The training rule laid down by the ascetic Gotama for his disciples was temporary, like smoke. As long as their teacher was present, they trained in these training rules. But now that their teacher has passed away, they no longer train in the training rules.' If it seems timely to the Sangha, the Sangha should not lay down what has not been laid down, nor abolish what has been laid down, but should proceed, having undertaken the training rules as they have been laid down."

ထိရဘာဝပ္ပတ္တာတိ သာသနေ ထိရဘာဝံ အနိဝတ္တိတဘာဝံ ဥပဂတာ. ထေရကာရကေဟီတိ ထေရဘာဝသာဓကေဟိ သီလာဒိဂုဏေဟိ အသေက္ခဓမ္မေဟိ. ဗဟူ ရတ္တိယောတိ ပဗ္ဗဇိတာ ဟုတွာ ဗဟူ ရတ္တိယော ဇာနန္တိ. သီလာဒိဂုဏေသု ပတိဋ္ဌာပနမေဝ သာသနေ ပရိဏာယကတာတိ အာဟ ‘‘တီသု သိက္ခာသု ပဝတ္တေန္တီ’’တိ. ဩဝါဒံ န ဒေန္တိ အဘာဇနဘာဝတော. ပဝေဏိကထန္တိ အာစရိယပရမ္ပရာဘတံ သမ္မာပဋိပတ္တိဒီပနံ ဓမ္မကထံ. သာရဘူတံ ဓမ္မပရိယာယန္တိ သမထဝိပဿနာမဂ္ဂဖလသမ္ပာပနေန သာသနေ သာရဘူတံ ဗောဇ္ဈင်္ဂကောသလ္လအနုတ္တရသီတိဘာဝ- (အ. နိ. ၆.၈၅) အဓိစိတ္တသုတ္တာဒိဓမ္မတန္တိံ. အာဒိကံ ဩဝါဒန္တိ အာဒိ-သဒ္ဒေန ‘‘ဧဝံ တေ အာလောကေတဗ္ဗံ, ဧဝံ တေ ဝိလောကေတဗ္ဗံ, ဧဝံ တေ သမိဉ္ဇိတဗ္ဗံ, ဧဝံ တေ ပသာရေတဗ္ဗံ, ဧဝံ တေ သံဃာဋိပတ္တစီဝရံ ဓာရေတဗ္ဗ’’န္တိ ဩဝါဒံ သင်္ဂဏှာတိ.

"Attained steadfastness" means they have reached a steadfast, non-returning state in the Dispensation. "By qualities that make one an elder" refers to the virtues such as morality that establish the state of an elder, and the qualities of one beyond training. "Many nights" means they have known many nights since going forth. Establishing others in virtues such as morality is itself leadership in the Dispensation; thus it is said, “causing them to proceed in the three trainings.” "They do not give advice" because the recipients are unfit. "Traditional talk" refers to the Dhamma talk that illuminates right practice, handed down through the lineage of teachers. "The essential Dhamma exposition" means the Dhamma teaching that is essential in the Dispensation by leading to the attainment of serenity, insight, the path, and fruition—such as skill in the enlightenment factors, the unsurpassed coolness (AN 6.85), the suttas on the higher mind, and other such Dhamma texts. "The initial advice" includes, by the word "initial," instructions such as: "Thus should you look forward, thus should you look around, thus should you bend, thus should you stretch, thus should you wear your patchwork robe, bowl, and outer robe."

ပုနဗ္ဘဝဒါနံ ပုနဗ္ဘဝေါ ဥတ္တရပဒလောပေန. ဣတရေတိ ယေ န ပစ္စယဝသိကာ န အာမိသစက္ခုကာ, တေ န ဂစ္ဆန္တိ တဏှာယ ဝသံ.

The term `punabbhavadāna` means rebirth, with the elision of the latter part of the compound. Those others, who are not controlled by requisites, nor have an eye for material things, do not come under the power of craving.

အာရညကေသူတိ [Pg.165] အရညဘာဂေသု အရညပရိယာပန္နေသု. နနု ယတ္ထ ကတ္ထစိပိ တဏှာ သာဝဇ္ဇာ ဧဝါတိ စောဒနံ သန္ဓာယာဟ ‘‘ဂါမန္တသေနာသနေသု ဟီ’’တိအာဒိ. တေန ‘‘အနုတ္တရေသု ဝိမောက္ခေသု ပိဟံ ဥပဋ္ဌာပယတော’’တိ ဧတ္ထ ဝုတ္တပိဟာဒယော ပိယ အာရညကသေနာသနေသု သာလယတာ သေဝိတဗ္ဗပက္ခိကာ ဧဝါတိ ဒဿေတိ.

"In forest dwellings" means in forest regions, in places included within the forest. In reference to the objection, “Surely, is not craving blameworthy wherever it may be?” it is said, “For in dwellings at the village outskirts...” and so on. By this, it shows that longing and so on, mentioned in the phrase “arousing longing for the unsurpassed liberations,” are also on the side of what is to be cultivated by one who delights in forest dwellings.

အတ္တနာဝါတိ သယမေဝ. တေန ပရေဟိ အနုဿာဟိတာနံ သရသေနေဝ အနာဂတာနံ ပေသလာနံ ဘိက္ခူနံ အာဂမနံ, အာဂတာနဉ္စ ဖာသုဝိဟာရံ ပစ္စာသီသန္တီတိ ဒဿေတိ. ဣမိနာဝ နီဟာရေနာတိ ဣမာယ ပဋိပတ္တိယာ. အဂ္ဂဟိတဓမ္မဂ္ဂဟဏန္တိ အဂ္ဂဟိတဿ ပရိယတ္တိဓမ္မဿ ဥဂ္ဂဟဏံ. ဂဟိတသဇ္ဈာယကရဏန္တိ ဥဂ္ဂဟိတဿ သုဋ္ဌု အတ္ထစိန္တနံ. စိန္တရတ္ထော ဟိ အယံ သဇ္ဈာယသဒ္ဒေါ. ဧန္တီတိ ဥပဂစ္ဆန္တိ. နိသီဒန္တိ အာသနပညာပနာဒိနာ.

"By oneself" means by oneself alone. This shows that they expect the arrival of virtuous monks who have come of their own accord, not having been encouraged by others, and a comfortable abiding for those who have arrived. "By this very method" means by this practice. "Grasping the ungrasped Dhamma" means learning the ungrasped scriptural Dhamma. "Reciting what has been grasped" means thoroughly reflecting on the meaning of what has been learned, for this word "recitation" has the meaning of reflection. "They come" means they approach. "They sit down" implies the arranging of seats and so on.

ပဌမသတ္တကသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the First Sutta of the Septet is concluded.

၄-၆. ဒုတိယသတ္တကသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

4-6. Commentary on the Second Sutta of the Septet, etc.

၂၄-၂၆. စတုတ္ထေ ကရောန္တောယေဝါတိ ယထာဝုတ္တံ တိရစ္ဆာနကထံ ကထေန္တောယေဝ. အတိရစ္ဆာနကထာဘာဝေပိ တဿ တတ္ထ တပ္ပရဘာဝဒဿနတ္ထံ အဝဓာရဏဝစနံ. ပရိယန္တကာရီတိ သပရိယန္တံ ကတွာ ဝတ္တာ. ‘‘ပရိယန္တဝတိံ ဝါစံ ဘာသိတာ’’တိ (ဒီ. နိ. ၁.၉, ၁၉၄) ဟိ ဝုတ္တံ. အပ္ပဘဿောဝါတိ ပရိမိတကထောယေဝ ဧကန္တေန ကထေတဗ္ဗဿေဝ ကထနတော. သမာပတ္တိသမာပဇ္ဇနံ အရိယော တုဏှီဘာဝေါ. နိဒ္ဒါယတိယေဝါတိ နိဒ္ဒေါက္ကမနေ အနာဒီနဝဒဿီ နိဒ္ဒါယတိယေဝ, ဣရိယာပထပရိဝတ္တနာဒိနာ န နံ ဝိနောဒေတိ. ဧဝံ သံသဋ္ဌောဝါတိ ဝုတ္တနယေန ဂဏသင်္ဂဏိကာယ သံသဋ္ဌော ဧဝ ဝိဟရတိ. ဒုဿီလာ ပါပိစ္ဆာ နာမာတိ သယံ နိဿီလာ အသန္တဂုဏသမ္ဘာဝနိစ္ဆာယ သမန္နာဂတတ္တာ ပါပါ လာမကာ ဣစ္ဆာ ဧတေသန္တိ ပါပိစ္ဆာ. ပါပပုဂ္ဂလေဟိ မိတ္တိကရဏတော ပါပမိတ္တာ. တေဟိ သဒါ သဟပဝတ္တနေန ပါပသဟာယာ. တတ္ထ နိန္နတာဒိနာ တဒဓိမုတ္တတာယ ပါပသမ္ပဝင်္ကာ. ပဉ္စမာဒီနိ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထာနိယေဝ.

24-26. "In the fourth case, he does just that" means he engages in low talk as previously described. Even in the absence of low talk, the emphatic particle is used to show his dedication to it. "One who speaks within limits" means one who speaks after setting limits. As it is said, "he speaks speech that has a limit." "Speaking little" means speaking only a limited amount, because of speaking only what absolutely needs to be spoken. "Noble silence" is entering into a meditative attainment. "He just sleeps" means, not seeing the danger in giving way to sleep, he just sleeps and does not dispel it by changing posture, etc. "Thus, he associates" means he lives associating closely with groups and company in the manner described. "The immoral, of evil wishes": they are themselves devoid of virtue and are endowed with a desire for the estimation of non-existent qualities; therefore, their wishes are evil and base, thus they are of 'evil wishes'. "Evil friends" are those who befriend wicked people. "Evil companions" are those who constantly associate with them. "Inclined to evil" are those inclined towards them due to their disposition, etc., and their conviction in them. The meaning of the fifth and following terms is clear.

ဒုတိယသတ္တကသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Second Sutta of the Septet, etc., is concluded.

၇-၁၁. သညာသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

7-11. Commentary on the Sutta on Perceptions, etc.

၂၇-၃၁. သတ္တမေ [Pg.166] အနိစ္စာတိ အနုပဿတိ ဧတာယာတိ အနိစ္စာနုပဿနာ. တထာပဝတ္တဝိပဿနာ ပန ယသ္မာ အတ္တနာ သဟဂတသညာယ ဘာဝိတာယ ဘာဝိတာ ဧဝ ဟောတိ, တသ္မာ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘အနိစ္စာနုပဿနာဒီဟိ သဟဂတသညာ’’တိ. ဣမာ သတ္တ လောကိယဝိပဿနာပိ ဟောန္တိ ‘‘အနိစ္စ’’န္တိအာဒိနာ ပဝတ္တနတော. ‘‘ဧတံ သန္တံ ဧတံ ပဏီတံ ယဒိဒံ သဗ္ဗသင်္ခါရသမထော’’တိ အာဂတဝသေန ပနေတ္ထ ဒွေ လောကုတ္တရာ ဟောန္တီတိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ. ‘‘ဝိရာဂေါ နိရောဓော’’တိ ဟိ တတ္ထ နိဗ္ဗာနံ ဝုတ္တန္တိ ဣဓ ဝိရာဂသညာ, တာ ဝုတ္တသညာ နိဗ္ဗာနာရမ္မဏာပိ သိယုံ. သေသမေတ္ထ သုဝိညေယျမေဝ. အဋ္ဌမာဒီနိ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထာနေဝ.

27-31. In the seventh, ‘by this one contemplates “impermanent”’—thus it is the contemplation of impermanence. However, since the insight that proceeds in such a way is developed only when the perception associated with it has been developed, therefore it is said, “perception associated with the contemplation of impermanence, etc.” These seven are also mundane insights, because they proceed with terms like “impermanent.” It should be understood that two here are supramundane, according to the passage: “This is peaceful, this is sublime, namely, the stilling of all formations.” For there, Nibbāna is described as “dispassion, cessation”—thus, the perception of dispassion here, and the perceptions mentioned, may also have Nibbāna as their object. The rest here is easily understood. The eighth and those following are clear in meaning.

သညာသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Sutta on Perceptions, etc., is concluded.

ဝဇ္ဇိသတ္တကဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Chapter of the Septet on the Vajjis is concluded.

၄. ဒေဝတာဝဂ္ဂေါ

4. The Chapter on Deities

၅. ပဌမမိတ္တသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

5. Commentary on the First Sutta on a Friend

၃၆. စတုတ္ထဿ ပဉ္စမေ အတ္တနော ဂုယှံ တဿ အာဝိကရောတီတိ အတ္တနော ဂုယှံ နိဂ္ဂုဟိတုံ ယုတ္တကထံ အညဿ အကထေတွာ တဿေဝ အာစိက္ခတိ. တဿ ဂုယှံ အညေသံ နာစိက္ခတီတိ တေန ကထိတဂုယှံ ယထာ အညေ န ဇာနန္တိ, ဧဝံ အနာဝိကရောန္တော ဆာဒေတိ.

36. In the fourth, regarding the fifth point: ‘one reveals one’s own secret to him’ means that without telling another a matter fit to be kept hidden, one discloses it to that very person. ‘Does not tell his secret to others’ means one conceals what has been told by him, not revealing it, so that others do not know.

ပဌမမိတ္တသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the First Sutta on a Friend is concluded.

၆-၁၁. ဒုတိယမိတ္တသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

6-11. Commentary on the Second Sutta on a Friend, etc.

၃၇-၄၂. ဆဋ္ဌေ ပိယော စ ဟောတိ မနာပေါ စာတိ ကလျာဏမိတ္တလက္ခဏံ ဒဿိတံ. ကလျာဏမိတ္တော ဟိ သဒ္ဓါသမ္ပန္နော စ ဟောတိ သီလသမ္ပန္နော သုတသမ္ပန္နော စာဂသမ္ပန္နော ဝီရိယသမ္ပန္နော သတိသမ္ပန္နော သမာဓိသမ္ပန္နော ပညာသမ္ပန္နော. တတ္ထ သဒ္ဓါသမ္ပတ္တိယာ သဒ္ဒဟတိ တထာဂတဿ သမ္ဗောဓိံ ကမ္မဉ္စ ကမ္မဖလဉ္စ, တေန သမ္ဗောဓိယာ ဟေတုဘူတံ သတ္တေသု ဟိတသုခံ န ပရိစ္စဇတိ[Pg.167]. သီလသမ္ပတ္တိယာ သတ္တာနံ ပိယော ဟောတိ ဂရု ဘာဝနီယော စောဒကော ပါပဂရဟီ ဝတ္တာ ဝစနက္ခမော. သုတသမ္ပတ္တိယာ သစ္စပဋိစ္စသမုပ္ပာဒါဒိပဋိသံယုတ္တာနံ ဂမ္ဘီရာနံ ကထာနံ ကတ္တာ ဟောတိ. စာဂသမ္ပတ္တိယာ အပ္ပိစ္ဆော ဟောတိ သန္တုဋ္ဌော ပဝိဝိတ္တော အသံသဋ္ဌော. ဝီရိယသမ္ပတ္တိယာ အာရဒ္ဓဝီရိယော ဟောတိ အတ္တဟိတပရဟိတပဋိပတ္တိယံ. သတိသမ္ပတ္တိယာ ဥပဋ္ဌိတဿတီ ဟောတိ. သမာဓိသမ္ပတ္တိယာ အဝိက္ခိတ္တော ဟောတိ သမာဟိတစိတော. ပညာသမ္ပတ္တိယာ အဝိပရီတံ ပဇာနာတိ. သော သတိယာ ကုသလာကုသလာနံ ဓမ္မာနံ ဂတိယော သမန္နေသမာနော ပညာယ သတ္တာနံ ဟိတာဟိတံ ယထာဘူတံ ဇာနိတွာ သမာဓိနာ တတ္ထ ဧကဂ္ဂစိတ္တော ဟုတွာ ဝီရိယေန သတ္တေ အဟိတေ နိသေဓေတွာ ဟိတေ နိယောဇေတိ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘ပိယော…ပေ… နိယောဇေတီ’’တိ. သတ္တမာဒီနိ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထာနိ.

37-42. In the sixth, the characteristics of a good friend are shown as “dear and agreeable.” For a good friend is endowed with faith, virtue, learning, generosity, energy, mindfulness, concentration, and wisdom. Herein, through the attainment of faith, one has faith in the enlightenment of the Tathāgata and in kamma and its results; thus, one does not abandon the welfare and happiness of beings, which is a cause for enlightenment. Through the attainment of virtue, one becomes dear to beings, respected, esteemed, an exhorter, a reprover of evil, a speaker, and patient of others' speech. Through the attainment of learning, one becomes a speaker of profound discourses connected with truth, dependent origination, and so forth. Through the attainment of generosity, one has few wants, is content, secluded, and unentangled. Through the attainment of energy, one is energetic in the practice for one’s own and others' welfare. Through the attainment of mindfulness, one is established in mindfulness. Through the attainment of concentration, one is undistracted and has a composed mind. Through the attainment of wisdom, one understands without distortion. Investigating with mindfulness the courses of wholesome and unwholesome states, one knows with wisdom the benefit and harm for beings as they truly are; becoming one-pointed in mind there with concentration, with energy one restrains beings from what is unbeneficial and guides them to what is beneficial. Therefore, it is said: “dear… guides.” The seventh and following are clear in meaning.

ဒုတိယမိတ္တသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Second Sutta on a Friend, etc., is concluded.

ဒေဝတာဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Chapter on Deities is concluded.

၅. မဟာယညဝဂ္ဂေါ

5. The Chapter on the Great Sacrifice

၁. သတ္တဝိညာဏဋ္ဌိတိသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

1. The Commentary on the Sutta on the Seven Stations of Consciousness

၄၄. ပဉ္စမဿ ပဌမေ ယသ္မာ နိဒဿနတ္ထေ နိပါတော (ဒီ. နိ. ဋီ. ၂.၁၂၇) တသ္မာ သေယျထာပိ မနုဿာတိ ယထာ မနုဿာတိ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ. ဝိသေသော ဟောတိယေဝ သတိပိ ဗာဟိရဿ ကာရဏဿ အဘေဒေ အဇ္ဈတ္တိကဿ ဘိန္နတ္တာ. နာနတ္တံ ကာယေ ဧတေသံ, နာနတ္တော ဝါ ကာယော ဧတေသန္တိ နာနတ္တကာယာ. ဣမိနာ နယေန သေသပဒေသုပိ အတ္ထော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. နေသန္တိ မနုဿာနံ. နာနတ္တာ သညာ ဧတေသံ အတ္ထီတိ နာနတ္တသညိနော. သုခသမုဿယတော ဝိနိပါတော ဧတေသံ အတ္ထီတိ ဝိနိပါတိကာ သတိပိ ဒေဝဘာဝေ ဒိဗ္ဗသမ္ပတ္တိယာ အဘာဝတော. အပါယေသု ဝါ ဂတော နတ္ထိ နိပါတော ဧတေသန္တိ ဝိနိပါတိကာ. တေနာဟ ‘‘စတုအပါယဝိနိမုတ္တာ’’တိ. ပိယင်္ကရမာတာဒီနံ ဝိယာတိ ပိယင်္ကရမာတာ ကိရ ယက္ခိနီ ပစ္စူသသမယေ အနုရုဒ္ဓတ္ထေရဿ ဓမ္မံ သဇ္ဈာယတော သုတွာ –

44. In the first of the fifth, because the particle is used in the sense of illustration (Dī. Ni. Ṭī. 2.127), therefore, ‘just as humans’ means ‘like humans’ is stated. There is indeed a distinction even when the external cause is the same, due to the difference in the internal cause. ‘Those with diverse bodies’ means there is diversity in their bodies, or the body is diverse among them. In this way, the meaning of the remaining phrases should also be understood. ‘Nesam’ means ‘of humans.’ ‘Nānattasaññino’ means ‘they have diverse perceptions’ because ‘diverse perceptions exist for them.’ ‘Vinipātikā’ means ‘prone to downfall’ because ‘a downfall from the accumulation of happiness is theirs,’ even though they are devas, due to the absence of divine attainments. Or, ‘vinipātikā’ means ‘for them there is no falling into the states of woe.’ Therefore, it is said, ‘freed from the four states of woe.’ Like Piyaṅkaramātā and others—it is said that Piyaṅkaramātā, a yakkhinī, heard the Venerable Anuruddha reciting the Dhamma at dawn—

‘‘မာ [Pg.168] သဒ္ဒမကရီ ပိယင်္ကရ, ဘိက္ခု ဓမ္မပဒါနိ ဘာသတိ;

အပိ ဓမ္မပဒံ ဝိဇာနိယ, ပဋိပဇ္ဇေမ ဟိတာယ နော သိယာ.

“Make no noise, Piyaṅkara, the monk is reciting verses of Dhamma; having understood a verse of Dhamma, may we practice it for our welfare.

‘‘ပါဏေသု စ သံယမာမသေ, သမ္ပဇာနမုသာ န ဘဏာမသေ;

သိက္ခေမ သုသီလျမတ္တနော, အပိ မုစ္စေမ ပိသာစယောနိယာ’’တိ. (သံ. နိ. ၁.၂၄၀) –

“We should restrain ourselves with regard to living beings, and knowingly speak no lies; let us train ourselves in good conduct, and perhaps be freed from the ghost realm.” (Saṃ. Ni. 1.240)

ဧဝံ ပုတ္တကံ သညာပေတွာ တံ ဒိဝသံ သောတာပတ္တိဖလံ ပတ္တာ. ဥတ္တရမာတာ ပန ဘဂဝတော ဓမ္မံ သုတွာဝ သောတာပန္နာ ဇာတာ.

Thus, having instructed her son, that day she attained the fruit of stream-entry. Uttaramātā, however, became a stream-enterer just upon hearing the Blessed One’s Dhamma.

ဗြဟ္မကာယေ ပဌမဇ္ဈာနနိဗ္ဗတ္တေ ဗြဟ္မသမူဟေ, ဗြဟ္မနိကာယေ ဝါ ဘဝါတိ ဗြဟ္မကာယိကာ. မဟာဗြဟ္မုနော ပရိသာယ ဘဝါတိ ဗြဟ္မပါရိသဇ္ဇာ တဿ ပရိစာရကဋ္ဌာနေ ဌိတတ္တာ. မဟာဗြဟ္မုနော ပုရောဟိတဋ္ဌာနေ ဌိတာတိ ဗြဟ္မပုရောဟိတာ. အာယုဝဏ္ဏာဒီဟိ မဟန္တာ ဗြဟ္မာနောတိ မဟာဗြဟ္မာနော. သတိပိ တေသံ တိဝိဓာနမ္ပိ ပဌမေန ဈာနေန ဂန္တွာ နိဗ္ဗတ္တဘာဝေ ဈာနဿ ပန ပဝတ္တိဘေဒေန အယံ ဝိသေသောတိ ဒဿေတုံ ‘‘ဗြဟ္မပါရိသဇ္ဇာ ပနာ’’တိအာဒိ ဝုတ္တံ. ပရိတ္တေနာတိ ဟီနေန. သာ စဿ ဟီနတာ ဆန္ဒာဒီနံ ဟီနတာယ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ. ပဋိလဒ္ဓမတ္တံ ဝါ ဟီနံ. ကပ္ပဿာတိ အသင်္ချေယျကပ္ပဿ. ဟီနပဏီတာနံ မဇ္ဈေ ဘဝတ္တာ မဇ္ဈိမံ. သာ စဿ မဇ္ဈိမတာ ဆန္ဒာဒီနံ မဇ္ဈိမတာယ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ. ပဋိလဘိတွာ နာတိသုဘာဝိတံ ဝါ မဇ္ဈိမံ. ဥပဍ္ဎကပ္ပောတိ အသင်္ချေယျကပ္ပဿ ဥပဍ္ဎကပ္ပော. ဝိပ္ဖာရိကတရောတိ ဗြဟ္မပါရိသဇ္ဇေဟိ ပမာဏတော ဝိပုလတရော သဘာဝတော ဥဠာရတရော စ ဟောတိ. သဘာဝေနပိ ဟိ ဥဠာရတမောဝ. တံ ပနေတ္ထ အပ္ပမာဏံ. တဿ ဟိ ပရိတ္တာဘာဒီနံ ပရိတ္တသုဘာဒီနဉ္စ ကာယေ သတိပိ သဘာဝဝေမတ္တေ ဧကတ္တဝသေနေဝ ဝဝတ္ထပီယတီတိ ‘‘ဧကတ္တကာယာ’’တွေဝ တေ ဝုစ္စန္တိ. ပဏီတေနာတိ ဥက္ကဋ္ဌေန. သာ စဿ ဥက္ကဋ္ဌတာ ဆန္ဒာဒီနံ ဥက္ကဋ္ဌတာယ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ. သုဘာဝိတံ ဝါ, သမ္မဒေဝ, ဝသိဘာဝံ ပါပိတံ ပဏီတံ ‘‘ပဓာနဘာဝံ နီတ’’န္တိ ကတွာ. ဣဓာပိ ကပ္ပော အသင်္ချေယျကပ္ပဝသေနေဝ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော ပရိပုဏ္ဏမဟာကပ္ပဿ အသမ္ဘဝတော. ဣတီတိ ဧဝံ ဝုတ္တပ္ပကာရေန. တေတိ ‘‘ဗြဟ္မကာယိကာ’’တိ ဝုတ္တာ တိဝိဓာပိ ဗြဟ္မာနော. သညာယ ဧကတ္တာတိ တိဟေတုကဘာဝေန ဧကသဘာဝတ္တာ. န ဟိ တဿာ သမ္ပယုတ္တဓမ္မဝသေန အညောပိ ကောစိ ဘေဒေါ အတ္ထိ. ဧဝန္တိ ဣမိနာ နာနတ္တကာယာ ဧကတ္တသညိနော ဂဟိတာတိ ဒဿေတိ.

In the Brahma realm, ‘Brahmakāyikā’ means those who are born in the group of Brahmās or the assembly of Brahmās, having arisen from the first jhāna. ‘Brahmāpārisajjā’ means those who are part of Mahābrahmā’s retinue, because they stand in the position of his attendants. ‘Brahmapurohitā’ means those who stand in the position of Mahābrahmā’s chief ministers. ‘Mahābrahmāno’ means those who are great in lifespan, appearance, and other qualities. Even though these three types are born by going there through the first jhāna, to show that this distinction is due to a difference in the practice of the jhāna, it is said: ‘Brahmāpārisajjā,’ etc. ‘Paritta’ means inferior. This inferiority should be understood as the inferiority of their zeal and other qualities, or as merely having attained. ‘Kappassa’ refers to an incalculable eon. ‘Majjhima’ means being in the middle between the inferior and the superior. This middling nature should be understood as the middling nature of their zeal and other qualities, or as having attained but not being very well developed. ‘Upaḍḍhakappo’ means half of an incalculable eon. ‘Vipphārikatara’ means more extensive than the Brahmāpārisajjā in measure and more sublime in nature. For in nature, it is indeed most sublime, and that sublimity is here immeasurable. For although there are bodies of the Parittābhā and others with limited radiance and bodies of the Parittasubhā and others with limited beauty, due to the unity in their essential nature, they are designated simply as ‘ekattakāyā’ (having a single body). ‘Paṇīta’ means superior. This superiority should be understood as the superiority of their zeal and other qualities, or as well-developed, rightly brought to a state of mastery, having been ‘brought to a state of prominence.’ Here too, ‘kappa’ should be understood as an incalculable eon, since a full great eon is impossible. ‘Iti’ means in this manner. ‘Te’ refers to the three types of Brahmās called ‘Brahmakāyikā.’ ‘Saññāya ekattā’ means their unity in perception due to their being three-rooted and thus having a single nature, for there is no other distinction based on associated mental states. ‘Evaṃ’ indicates that by this, those with diverse bodies but unified perception are included.

ဒဏ္ဍဥက္ကာယာတိ [Pg.169] ဒဏ္ဍဒီပိကာယ. သရတိ ဓာဝတိ, ဝိဿရတိ ဝိပ္ပကိဏ္ဏာ ဝိယ ဓာဝတိ. ဒွေ ကပ္ပာတိ ဒွေ မဟာကပ္ပာ. ဣတော ပရေသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော. ဣဓာတိ ဣမသ္မိံ သုတ္တေ. ဥက္ကဋ္ဌပရိစ္ဆေဒဝသေန အာဘဿရဂ္ဂဟဏေနေဝ သဗ္ဗေပိ တေ ပရိတ္တာဘာအပ္ပမာဏာဘာပိ ဂဟိတာ.

‘Daṇḍaukkāya’ means by a torch-stick. ‘Sarati’ means ‘it rushes’; ‘vissarati’ means ‘it rushes as if dispersed.’ ‘Two kappas’ means two great eons. This same method applies to what follows. ‘Idha’ means ‘in this sutta.’ By grasping the Ābhassara realm by way of the highest limit, all those—even the Parittābhā and Appamāṇābhā—are included.

သုန္ဒရာ ပဘာ သုဘာ, တာယ ကိဏ္ဏာ သုဘာကိဏ္ဏာတိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗေ. ဘာ-သဒ္ဒဿ ရဿတ္တံ အန္တိမ-ဏ-ကာရဿ ဟ-ကာရဉ္စ ကတွာ ‘‘သုဘကိဏှာ’’တိ ဝုတ္တာ. အဋ္ဌကထာယံ ပန နိစ္စလာယ ဧကဂ္ဃနာယ ပဘာယ သုဘောတိ ပရိယာယဝစနန္တိ ‘‘သုဘေန ဩကိဏ္ဏာ ဝိကိဏ္ဏာ’’တိ အတ္ထော ဝုတ္တော. ဧတ္ထာပိ အန္တိမ-ဏ-ကာရဿ ဟ-ကာရကရဏံ ဣစ္ဆိတဗ္ဗမေဝ. န ဆိဇ္ဇိတွာ ပဘာ ဂစ္ဆတိ ဧကဂ္ဃနတ္တာ. စတုတ္ထဝိညာဏဋ္ဌိတိမေဝ ဘဇန္တိ ကာယဿ သညာယ စ ဧကရူပတ္တာ. ဝိပုလသန္တသုခါယုဝဏ္ဏာဒိဖလတ္တာ ဝေဟပ္ဖလာ. ဧတ္ထာတိ ဝိညာဏဋ္ဌိတိယံ.

A beautiful radiance is ‘subhā’; strewn with that, it should be said ‘subhākiṇṇā’. Having shortened the word ‘bhā’ and changed the final ‘ṇa’ to ‘ha,’ it is said ‘subhakiṇhā.’ In the commentary, however, ‘subhā’ is a synonymous term for steady and solid light, hence the meaning is given as ‘strewn or scattered with loveliness.’ Here too, the changing of the final ‘ṇa’ to ‘ha’ is to be accepted. The light does not break and go, because of its solid nature. They partake of the fourth station of consciousness, because of the uniformity of body and perception. ‘Vehapphalā’ means they are the fruit of abundant, peaceful happiness, life, beauty, and so forth. ‘Ettha’ means ‘in this station of consciousness.’

ဝိဝဋ္ဋပက္ခေ ဌိတာ အပုနရာဝတ္တနတော. ‘‘န သဗ္ဗကာလိကာ’’တိ ဝတွာ တမေဝ အသဗ္ဗကာလိကတ္တံ ဝိဘာဝေတုံ ‘‘ကပ္ပသတသဟဿမ္ပီ’’တိအာဒိ ဝုတ္တံ. သောဠသကပ္ပသဟဿစ္စယေန ဥပ္ပန္နာနံ သုဒ္ဓါဝါသဗြဟ္မာနံ ပရိနိဗ္ဗာယနတော အညေသဉ္စ တတ္ထ အနုပ္ပဇ္ဇနတော ဗုဒ္ဓသုညေ လောကေ သုညံ တံ ဌာနံ ဟောတိ, တသ္မာ သုဒ္ဓါဝါသာ န သဗ္ဗကာလိကာ. ခန္ဓာဝါရဋ္ဌာနသဒိသာ ဟောန္တိ သုဒ္ဓါဝါသဘူမိယော. ဣမိနာ သုတ္တေန သုဒ္ဓါဝါသာနံ သတ္တာဝါသဘာဝဒီပနေနေဝ ဝိညာဏဋ္ဌိတိဘာဝေါပိ ဒီပိတော ဟောတိ, တသ္မာ သုဒ္ဓါဝါသာပိ သတ္တသု ဝိညာဏဋ္ဌိတီသု စတုတ္ထဝိညာဏဋ္ဌိတိံ, နဝသု သတ္တာဝါသေသု စတုတ္ထသတ္တာဝါသဉ္စ ဘဇန္တိ.

They stand on the side of the evolving eon, because there is no returning. Having stated that they are ‘not perpetual,’ it is further clarified with ‘even for a hundred thousand eons,’ etc., to explain that very imperpetuity. After the passing of sixteen thousand eons, the Pure Abode Brahmās who arose there attain final Nibbāna, and since no others arise there, that place becomes empty in a world empty of Buddhas. Therefore, the Pure Abodes are not perpetual. The Pure Abode realms are like sites of encampments. By this sutta, merely by indicating the state of the Pure Abodes as abodes for beings, their state as stations of consciousness is also indicated. Therefore, the Pure Abodes also partake of the fourth station of consciousness among the seven stations of consciousness, and the fourth abode of beings among the nine abodes of beings.

သုခုမတ္တာတိ သင်္ခါရာဝသေသသုခုမဘာဝပ္ပတ္တတ္တာ. ပရိဗျတ္တဝိညာဏကိစ္စာဘာဝတော နေဝ ဝိညာဏံ, န သဗ္ဗသော အဝိညာဏံ ဟောတီတိ နာဝိညာဏံ, တသ္မာ ပရိပ္ဖုတဝိညာဏကိစ္စဝန္တီသု ဝိညာဏဋ္ဌိတီသု န ဝုတ္တံ.

‘Because of subtlety’ means because of having attained a state of subtlety as residual formations. Because there is an absence of the function of manifest consciousness, it is neither consciousness nor entirely non-consciousness, hence it is not non-consciousness. Therefore, it is not mentioned among the stations of consciousness, in which the function of consciousness is pervasive.

သတ္တဝိညာဏဋ္ဌိတိသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Sutta on the Seven Stations of Consciousness is concluded.

၂. သမာဓိပရိက္ခာရသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

2. Commentary on the Discourse on the Accessories of Concentration

၄၅. ဒုတိယေ သမာဓိပရိက္ခာရာတိ ဧတ္ထ တယော ပရိက္ခာရာ. ‘‘ရထော သီလပရိက္ခာရော, ဈာနက္ခော စက္ကဝီရိယော’’တိ (သံ. နိ. ၅.၄) ဟိ ဧတ္ထ အလင်္ကာရော ပရိက္ခာရော [Pg.170] နာမ. ‘‘သတ္တဟိ နဂရပရိက္ခာရေဟိ သုပရိက္ခတံ ဟောတီ’’တိ (အ. နိ. ၇.၆၇) ဧတ္ထ ပရိဝါရော ပရိက္ခာရော နာမ. ‘‘ဂိလာနပစ္စယ…ပေ… ဇီဝိတပရိက္ခာရာ’’တိ (မ. နိ. ၁.၁၉၁-၁၉၂) ဧတ္ထ သမ္ဘာရော ပရိက္ခာရော နာမ. သော ဣဓ အဓိပ္ပေတောတိ အာဟ ‘‘မဂ္ဂသမာဓိဿ သမ္ဘာရာ’’တိ. ပရိဝါရပရိက္ခာရောပိ ဝဋ္ဋတိယေဝ. ပရိဝါရော ဟိ သမ္မာဒိဋ္ဌာဒယော မဂ္ဂဓမ္မာ သမ္မာသမာဓိဿ သဟဇာတာဒိပစ္စယဘာဝေန ပရိကရဏတော အဘိသင်္ခရဏတော. ပရိက္ခတာတိ ပရိဝါရိတာ. အယံ ဝုစ္စတိ အရိယော သမ္မာသမာဓီတိ အယံ သတ္တဟိ ရတနေဟိ ပရိဝုတော စက္ကဝတ္တီ ဝိယ သတ္တဟိ အင်္ဂေဟိ ပရိဝုတော အရိယော သမ္မာသမာဓီတိ ဝုစ္စတိ. ဥပေစ္စ နိဿီယတီတိ ဥပနိသာ, သဟ ဥပနိသာယာတိ သဥပနိသော, သဥပနိဿယော အတ္ထော, သပရိဝါရောယေဝါတိ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ. သဟကာရိကာရဏဘူတော ဟိ ဓမ္မသမူဟော ဣဓ ‘‘ဥပနိသော’’တိ အဓိပ္ပေတော.

45. In the second, regarding ‘requisites for concentration,’ there are three kinds of requisites. Here, in ‘The chariot is the requisite of virtue, jhāna the axle, energy the wheel’ (Saṃ. Ni. 5.4), a requisite is named ornamentation. Here, in ‘fortified with seven city requisites’ (A. Ni. 7.67), a requisite is named an enclosure. Here, in ‘support for the sick... requisites for life’ (Ma. Ni. 1.191-192), a requisite is named provisions. That this is intended here is stated as ‘the provisions for the concentration of the path.’ The enclosure-requisite also applies. For the enclosure consists of the path factors, such as right view, which serve as accessories to right concentration by being its co-nascent conditions and by preparing it. ‘Parikkhata’ means encompassed. This is called noble right concentration—just as a wheel-turning monarch is surrounded by seven treasures, noble right concentration is said to be surrounded by seven factors. That which one approaches and relies upon is `upanisā` (support). `Saha upanisāya` (together with its support) is `saupaniso`, which has the meaning of `saupanissayo` (with its support), and it is said to be `saparivāro` (with its retinue). Here, the collection of dhammas that function as cooperative causes is intended by ‘upanisā’.

သမာဓိပရိက္ခာရသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Discourse on the Accessories of Concentration is concluded.

၃. ပဌမအဂ္ဂိသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

3. Commentary on the First Fire Discourse

၄၆. တတိယေ အနုဍဟနဋ္ဌေနာတိ ကာမံ အာဟုနေယျဂ္ဂိအာဒယော တယော အဂ္ဂီ ဗြာဟ္မဏေဟိပိ ဣစ္ဆိတာ သန္တိ. တေ ပန တေဟိ ဣစ္ဆိတမတ္တာဝ, န သတ္တာနံ တာဒိသာ အတ္ထသာဓကာ. ယေ ပန သတ္တာနံ အတ္ထသာဓကာ, တေ ဒဿေတုံ ‘‘အာဟုနံ ဝုစ္စတီ’’တိအာဒိ ဝုတ္တံ. တတ္ထ အာနေတွာ ဟုနနံ ပူဇနံ ‘‘အာဟုန’’န္တိ ဝုတ္တံ, တံ အာဟုနံ အရဟန္တီ မာတာပိတရော. တေနာဟ ဘဂဝါ – ‘‘အာဟုနေယျာတိ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, မာတာပိတူနံ ဧတံ အဓိဝစန’’န္တိ (ဣတိဝု. ၁၀၆). ယဒဂ္ဂေန စ တေ ပုတ္တာနံ ဗဟူပကာရတာယ အာဟုနေယျာတိ, တေသု သမ္မာပဋိပတ္တိ နေသံ ဟိတသုခါဝဟာ, တဒဂ္ဂေန တေသု မိစ္ဆာပဋိပတ္တိ အဟိတဒုက္ခာဝဟာတိ အာဟ ‘‘တေသု…ပေ… နိဗ္ဗတ္တန္တီ’’တိ.

46. In the third section, 'in the sense of not burning up,' although the three fires—the fire worthy of offerings, etc.—are desired by brahmins, they are desired merely as such and do not truly benefit beings. To show those fires that do benefit beings, it is said, 'āhuna is called...' Here, 'āhuna' refers to the act of bringing near and offering, which is honoring. Parents are worthy of that āhuna. Therefore, the Blessed One said, '“Worthy of offerings,” monks, this is a designation for parents' (Itivuttaka 106). Because parents, through their great service to their children, are worthy of offerings, right conduct toward them brings welfare and happiness, while wrong conduct toward them brings harm and suffering—thus it is said, 'toward them... are produced.'

သွာယမတ္ထော (ဒီ. နိ. အဋ္ဌ. ၃.၃၀၅) မိတ္တဝိန္ဒကဝတ္ထုနာ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. မိတ္တဝိန္ဒကော ဟိ မာတရာ, ‘‘တာတ, အဇ္ဇ ဥပေါသထိကော ဟုတွာ ဝိဟာရေ သဗ္ဗရတ္တိံ ဓမ္မဿဝနံ သုဏောဟိ, သဟဿံ တေ ဒဿာမီ’’တိ ဝုတ္တော ဓနလောဘေန ဥပေါသထံ သမာဒါယ ဝိဟာရံ ဂန္တွာ ‘‘ဣဒံ ဌာနံ အကုတောဘယ’’န္တိ သလ္လက္ခေတွာ ဓမ္မာသနဿ ဟေဋ္ဌာ နိပန္နော သဗ္ဗရတ္တိံ နိဒ္ဒါယိတွာ ဃရံ [Pg.171] အဂမာသိ. မာတာ ပါတောဝ ယာဂုံ ပစိတွာ ဥပနာမေသိ. သော သဟဿံ ဂဟေတွာဝ ပိဝိ. အထဿ ဧတဒဟောသိ ‘‘ဓနံ သံဟရိဿာမီ’’တိ. သော နာဝါယ သမုဒ္ဒံ ပက္ခန္ဒိတုကာမော အဟောသိ. အထ နံ မာတာ, ‘‘တာတ, ဣမသ္မိံ ကုလေ စတ္တာလီသကောဋိဓနံ အတ္ထိ, အလံ ဂမနေနာ’’တိ နိဝါရေတိ. သော တဿာ ဝစနံ အနာဒိယိတွာ ဂစ္ဆတိ ဧဝ. သာ ပုရတော အဋ္ဌာသိ. အထ နံ ကုဇ္ဈိတွာ ‘‘အယံ မယှံ ပုရတော တိဋ္ဌတီ’’တိ ပါဒေန ပဟရိတွာ ပတိတံ အန္တရံ ကတွာ အဂမာသိ.

This meaning should be understood through the story of Mittavindaka (as found in Dīgha Nikāya Aṭṭhakathā 3.305). Mittavindaka was told by his mother, 'Dear son, today, having become an observer of the Uposatha, listen to the Dhamma in the monastery all night, and I will give you a thousand.' Out of greed for money, he undertook the Uposatha and went to the monastery. Thinking, 'This place is safe from all dangers,' he lay down beneath the Dhamma seat, slept all night, and then returned home. In the morning, his mother prepared rice gruel and offered it to him. He took the thousand and then drank it. Then this thought occurred to him: 'I will accumulate wealth.' He wanted to board a ship and set out to sea. His mother tried to stop him, saying, 'Dear son, in this family there is a fortune of forty crores; there is no need to go.' But he disregarded her words and went anyway. She stood in front of him. Then, angered, thinking 'This one stands in my way,' he struck her with his foot, knocked her down, and went on his way.

မာတာ ဥဋ္ဌဟိတွာ ‘‘မာဒိသာယ မာတရိ ဧဝရူပံ ကမ္မံ ကတွာ ဂတဿ တေ ဂတဋ္ဌာနေ သုခံ ဘဝိဿတီတိ ဧဝံသညီ နာမ တွံ ပုတ္တာ’’တိ အာဟ. တဿ နာဝံ အာရုယှ ဂစ္ဆတော သတ္တမေ ဒိဝသေ နာဝါ အဋ္ဌာသိ. အထ တေ မနုဿာ ‘‘အဒ္ဓါ ဧတ္ထ ပါပပုဂ္ဂလော အတ္ထိ, သလာကံ ဒေထာ’’တိ အာဟံသု. သလာကာ ဒီယမာနာ တဿေဝ တိက္ခတ္တုံ ပါပုဏိ. တေ တဿ ဥဠုမ္ပံ ဒတွာ တံ သမုဒ္ဒေ ပက္ခိပိံသု. သော ဧကံ ဒီပံ ဂန္တွာ ဝိမာနပေတီဟိ သဒ္ဓိံ သမ္ပတ္တိံ အနုဘဝန္တော တာဟိ ‘‘ပုရတော ပုရတော မာ အဂမာသီ’’တိ ဝုစ္စမာနောပိ တဒ္ဒိဂုဏံ တဒ္ဒိဂုဏံ သမ္ပတ္တိံ ပဿန္တော အနုပုဗ္ဗေန ခုရစက္ကဓရံ ဧကံ အဒ္ဒသ. တံ စက္ကံ ပဒုမပုပ္ဖံ ဝိယ ဥပဋ္ဌာသိ. သော တံ အာဟ, ‘‘အမ္ဘော, ဣဒံ တယာ ပိဠန္ဓိတံ ပဒုမံ မယှံ ဒေဟီ’’တိ. န ဣဒံ, သာမိ, ပဒုမံ, ခုရစက္ကံ ဧတန္တိ. သော ‘‘ဝဉ္စေသိ မံ တွံ, ကိံ မယာ ပဒုမံ န ဒိဋ္ဌပုဗ္ဗ’’န္တိ ဝတွာ ‘‘တွံ လောဟိတစန္ဒနံ ဝိလိမ္ပိတွာ ပိဠန္ဓနံ ပဒုမပုပ္ဖံ မယှံ န ဒါတုကာမော’’တိ အာဟ. သော စိန္တေသိ ‘‘အယမ္ပိ မယာ ကတသဒိသံ ကမ္မံ ကတွာ တဿ ဖလံ အနုဘဝိတုကာမော’’တိ. အထ နံ ‘‘ဂဏှ, ရေ’’တိ ဝတွာ တဿ မတ္ထကေ စက္ကံ ခိပိ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ –

His mother got up and said, 'Having committed such an act against a mother like me, are you really of the opinion, my son, that you will find happiness in the place you are going?' As he sailed on the ship, on the seventh day, the ship stopped. Then the people said, 'Surely, there is a wicked person here; let us draw lots.' As the lots were cast, it fell to him three times. They gave him a raft and threw him into the sea. He reached an island where he enjoyed prosperity with celestial spirits. Though they warned him, 'Do not go further ahead,' seeing the prosperity double and then double again, he gradually saw one bearing a razor-wheel. The wheel appeared to him like a lotus flower. He said to him, 'Hey, give me that lotus you are wearing.' 'This is not a lotus, lord, it is a razor-wheel.' He replied, 'You deceive me—have I never seen a lotus before? You have smeared yourself with red sandalwood and are unwilling to give me the lotus flower you are wearing.' The other thought, 'This one, too, must have done a deed similar to mine and wishes to experience its fruit.' Then, saying, 'Take it, you wretch!', he hurled the wheel onto his head. Thus it was said:

‘‘စတုဗ္ဘိ အဋ္ဌဇ္ဈဂမာ, အဋ္ဌာဟိ ပိစ သောဠသ;

သောဠသာဟိ စ ဗာတ္တိံသ, အတြိစ္ဆံ စက္ကမာသဒေါ;

ဣစ္ဆာဟတဿ ပေါသဿ, စက္ကံ ဘမတိ မတ္ထကေ’’တိ. (ဇာ. ၁.၁.၁၀၄;

၁.၅.၁၀၃);

'From four he came to eight, and from eight to sixteen; from sixteen to thirty-two. Through excessive greed, he came upon the wheel. For a man smitten by craving, the wheel spins upon his head.' (Jātaka 1.1.104; 1.5.103)

သောတိ ဂေဟသာမိကော ဘတ္တာ. ပုရိမနယေနေဝါတိ အနုဍဟနဿ ပစ္စယတာယ. တတြိဒံ ဝတ္ထု – ကဿပဗုဒ္ဓကာလေ သောတာပန္နဿ ဥပါသကဿ ဘရိယာ အတိစာရံ စရတိ. သော တံ ပစ္စက္ခတော ဒိသွာ ‘‘ကသ္မာ ဧဝံ ကရောသီ’’တိ အာဟ. သာ ‘‘သစာဟံ ဧဝရူပံ ကရောမိ, အယံ မေ သုနခေါ ဝိလုပ္ပမာနော [Pg.172] ခါဒတူ’’တိ ဝတွာ ကာလကတာ ကဏ္ဏမုဏ္ဍကဒဟေ ဝေမာနိကပေတီ ဟုတွာ နိဗ္ဗတ္တာ ဒိဝါ သမ္ပတ္တိံ အနုဘဝတိ, ရတ္တိံ ဒုက္ခံ. တဒါ ဗာရာဏသိရာဇာ မိဂဝံ စရန္တော အရညံ ပဝိသိတွာ အနုပုဗ္ဗေန ကဏ္ဏမုဏ္ဍကဒဟံ သမ္ပတ္တော တာယ သဒ္ဓိံ သမ္ပတ္တိံ အနုဘဝတိ. သာ တံ ဝဉ္စေတွာ ရတ္တိံ ဒုက္ခံ အနုဘဝတိ. သော ဉတွာ ‘‘ကတ္ထ နု ခေါ ဂစ္ဆတီ’’တိ ပိဋ္ဌိတော ပိဋ္ဌိတော ဂန္တွာ အဝိဒူရေ ဌိတော ကဏ္ဏမုဏ္ဍကဒဟတော နိက္ခမိတွာ တံ ‘‘ပဋပဋ’’န္တိ ခါဒမာနံ ဧကံ သုနခံ ဒိသွာ အသိနာ ဒွိဓာ ဆိန္ဒိ, ဒွေ အဟေသုံ. ပုန ဆိန္နေ စတ္တာရော, ပုန ဆိန္နေ အဋ္ဌ, ပုန ဆိန္နေ သောဠသ အဟေသုံ. သာ ‘‘ကိံ ကရောသိ, သာမီ’’တိ အာဟ. သော ‘‘ကိံ ဣဒ’’န္တိ အာဟ. သာ ‘‘ဧဝံ အကတွာ ခေဠပိဏ္ဍံ ဘူမိယံ နိဋ္ဌုဘိတွာ ပါဒေန ဃံသာဟီ’’တိ အာဟ. သော တထာ အကာသိ. သုနခါ အန္တရဓာယိံသု. မုဋ္ဌိယောဂေါ ကိရာယံ တဿ သုနခန္တရဓာနဿ, ယဒိဒံ ခေဠပိဏ္ဍံ ဘူမိယံ နိဋ္ဌုဘိတွာ ပါဒေန ဃံသနံ, တံ ဒိဝသံ တဿာ ကမ္မံ ခီဏံ. ရာဇာ ဝိပ္ပဋိသာရီ ဟုတွာ ဂန္တုံ အာရဒ္ဓေါ. သာ ‘‘မယှံ, သာမိ, ကမ္မံ ခီဏံ, မာ အဂမာသီ’’တိ အာဟ. ရာဇာ အဿုတွာဝ ဂတော.

'So' means the householder, her husband. 'In the same way as before' refers to being a condition for not burning up. Here is the story: During the time of the Buddha Kassapa, the wife of a stream-enterer lay follower committed adultery. He saw her in the act and asked, 'Why are you doing this?' She replied, 'If I am doing such a thing, may this dog devour me, tearing me apart!' After saying this, she died and was reborn as a celestial spirit in Kaṇṇamuṇḍaka Lake, enjoying prosperity by day and suffering by night. At that time, the king of Bārāṇasī, while hunting, entered the forest and gradually reached Kaṇṇamuṇḍaka Lake, where he enjoyed prosperity with her. She deceived him, and at night, she suffered. The king, realizing this, thought, 'Where can she be going?' and followed her from behind. Standing not far away, he saw a dog emerge from Kaṇṇamuṇḍaka Lake and devour her with a 'snap-snap' sound. He cut the dog in two with his sword, and it became two. When he cut them again, they became four, then eight, then sixteen. She asked, 'What are you doing, my lord?' He replied, 'What is this?' She said, 'Instead of doing that, spit a lump of saliva on the ground and rub it with your foot.' He did so, and the dogs disappeared. This, it seems, was a secret technique for making the dogs disappear, namely, spitting a lump of saliva on the ground and rubbing it with the foot. That day, her kamma was exhausted. The king, filled with remorse, started to leave. She said, 'My lord, my kamma is exhausted; do not go!' But the king left without listening.

ဒက္ခိဏာတိ စတ္တာရော ပစ္စယာ ဒီယမာနာ ဒက္ခန္တိ ဧတေဟိ ဟိတသုခါနီတိ, တံ ဒက္ခိဏံ အရဟတီတိ ဒက္ခိဏေယျော, ဘိက္ခုသံဃော.

A 'dakkhiṇā' (gift) is so called because when the four requisites are given, they see (dakkhanti) welfare and happiness through them. One who is worthy of such a gift (dakkhiṇaṃ) is called 'dakkhiṇeyyo' (worthy of gifts); this refers to the Sangha of monks.

ပဌမအဂ္ဂိသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the First Fire Sutta is concluded.

၄-၅. ဒုတိယအဂ္ဂိသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

4-5. Commentary on the Second Fire Sutta, etc.

၄၇-၄၈. စတုတ္ထေ ယညဝါဋံ သမ္ပာဒေတွာ မဟာယညံ ဥဒ္ဒိဿ သဝိညာဏကာနိ အဝိညာဏကာနိ စ ယညူပကရဏာနိ သဇ္ဇိတာနီတိ အာဟ ပါဠိယံ ‘‘မဟာယညော ဥပက္ခဋော’’တိ. တံ ဥပကရဏံ တေသံ တထာသဇ္ဇနန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘ဥပက္ခဋောတိ ပစ္စုပဋ္ဌိတော’’တိ. ဝစ္ဆတရသတာနီတိ ယုဝဘာဝပ္ပတ္တာနိ နာတိဗလဝဝစ္ဆသတာနိ. တေ ပန ဝစ္ဆာ ဧဝ ဟောန္တိ, န ဒမ္မာ, ဗလီဗဒ္ဒါ ဝါ. ဥရဗ္ဘာတိ တရုဏမေဏ္ဍကာ ဝုစ္စန္တိ. ဥပနီတာနီတိ ဌပနတ္ထာယ ဥပနီတာနိ. ဝိဟိံသဋ္ဌေနာတိ ဟိံသနဋ္ဌေန. ဥပဝါယတူတိ ဥပဂန္တွာ သရီရဒရထံ နိဗ္ဗာပေန္တော သဏှသီတလာ ဝါတော ဝါယတု. သေသံ သုဝိညေယျမေဝ. ပဉ္စမေ နတ္ထိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗံ.

47-48. In the fourth sutta, it is said in the Pāli, 'a great sacrifice is ready,' meaning that having prepared the sacrificial enclosure with a great sacrifice in mind, both sentient and insentient sacrificial materials were arranged. That those materials were so arranged is what is meant by 'ready means prepared.' 'Hundreds of young calves' means hundreds of calves that had reached youth but were not yet very strong. They were just calves, not tamed bullocks or oxen. 'Rams' refers to young rams. 'Brought forward' means brought for the purpose of being placed there. 'With the intent to harm' means with the intention of harming. 'Let the breeze blow' means may a soft, cool wind approach and, extinguishing the fever of the body, blow. The rest is easily understood. In the fifth, there is nothing to be said.

ဒုတိယအဂ္ဂိသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Second Fire Sutta, etc., is concluded.

၆. ဒုတိယသညာသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

6. Commentary on the Second Perception Sutta

၄၉. ဆဋ္ဌေ [Pg.173] နှာရုဝိလေခနန္တိ စမ္မံ လိခန္တာနံ စမ္မံ လိခိတွာ ဆဍ္ဍိတကသဋံ. ‘‘ဧသောဟမသ္မီ’’တိအာဒိနာ အဟံကရဏံ အဟင်္ကာရော. ‘‘ဧတံ မမာ’’တိ မမံကရဏံ မမင်္ကာရော. တေနာဟ ‘‘အဟင်္ကာရဒိဋ္ဌိတော’’တိအာဒိ. တိဿော ဝိဓာတိ သေယျသဒိသဟီနဝသေန တယော မာနာ. ‘‘ဧကဝိဓေန ရူပသင်္ဂဟော’’တိအာဒီသု (ဓ. သ. ၅၈၄) ကောဋ္ဌာသော ‘‘ဝိဓာ’’တိ ဝုတ္တော. ‘‘ကထံဝိဓံ သီလဝန္တံ ဝဒန္တိ, ကထံဝိဓံ ပညဝန္တံ ဝဒန္တီ’’တိအာဒီသု (သံ. နိ. ၁.၉၅) ပကာရော. ‘‘တိဿော ဣမာ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, ဝိဓာ. ကတမာ တိဿော? သေယျောဟမသ္မီတိ ဝိဓာ’’တိ (ဝိဘ. ၉၂၀) ဧတ္ထ မာနော ‘‘ဝိဓာ’’တိ ဝုတ္တော. ဣဓာပိ မာနောဝ အဓိပ္ပေတော. မာနော ဟိ ဝိဒဟနတော ဟီနာဒိဝသေန တိဝိဓာ. တေနာကာရေန ဒဟနတော ဥပဒဟနတော ‘‘ဝိဓာ’’တိ ဝုစ္စတိ.

49. In the sixth [sutta], ‘nhāruvilekhana’ means the scraping of the skin, the discarded scrapings after scraping the skin. By ‘Esohamasmī’ and so on, the I-making is egoism. ‘Etaṃ mamā’ (This is mine) is the mine-making, which is possessiveness. Therefore, it is said, ‘from the view of egoism,’ etc. ‘Tisso vidhā’ (three kinds) refers to the three kinds of conceit based on superior, equal, and inferior. In passages like ‘Ekavidhena rūpasaṅgaho’ (Dhammasaṅgaṇi 584), ‘vidhā’ is used to mean a category. In phrases such as ‘Kathaṃvidhaṃ sīlavantaṃ vadanti, kathaṃvidhaṃ paññavantaṃ vadantī’ (Saṃyutta Nikāya 1.95), it denotes a kind or manner. In the passage, ‘Tisso imā, bhikkhave, vidhā. Katamā tisso? Seyyohamasmīti vidhā’ (Vibhaṅga 920), conceit is referred to as ‘vidhā.’ Here too, conceit is the intended meaning. For conceit is threefold, as it scorches (vidahanato) based on being inferior and so on. Therefore, due to scorching (dahanato) and intensely scorching (upadahanato), it is called ‘vidhā.’

ဒုတိယသညာသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Second Perception Sutta is concluded.

၇-၈. မေထုနသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

7-8. Commentary on the Methuna Sutta, etc.

၅၀-၅၁. သတ္တမေ ဣဓာတိ ဣမသ္မိံ လောကေ. ဧကစ္စောတိ ဧကော. သမဏော ဝါ ဗြာဟ္မဏော ဝါတိ ပဗ္ဗဇ္ဇာမတ္တေန သမဏော ဝါ, ဇာတိမတ္တေန ဗြာဟ္မဏော ဝါ. ဒွယံဒွယသမာပတ္တိန္တိ ဒွီဟိ ဒွီဟိ သမာပဇ္ဇိတဗ္ဗံ, မေထုနန္တိ အတ္ထော. န ဟေဝ ခေါ သမာပဇ္ဇတီတိ သမ္ဗန္ဓော. ဥစ္ဆာဒနံ ဥဗ္ဗဋ္ဋနံ. သမ္ဗာဟနံ ပရိမဒ္ဒနံ. သာဒိယတီတိ အဓိဝါသေတိ. တဒဿာဒေတီတိ ဥစ္ဆာဒနာဒိံ အဘိရမတိ. နိကာမေတီတိ ဣစ္ဆတိ. ဝိတ္တိန္တိ တုဋ္ဌိံ. ဣဒမ္ပိ ခေါတိ ဧတ္ထ ဣဒန္တိ ယထာဝုတ္တံ သာဒိယနာဒိံ ခဏ္ဍာဒိဘာဝဝသေန ဧကံ ကတွာ ဝုတ္တံ. ပိ-သဒ္ဒေါ ဝက္ခမာနံ ဥပါဒါယ သမုစ္စယတ္ထော, ခေါ-သဒ္ဒေါ အဝဓာရဏတ္ထော. ဣဒံ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ – ယဒေတံ ဗြဟ္မစာရိပဋိညဿ အသတိပိ ဒွယံဒွယသမာပတ္တိယံ မာတုဂါမဿ ဥစ္ဆာဒနနဟာပနသမ္ဗာဟနသာဒိယနာဒိ. ဣဒမ္ပိ ဧကံသေန တဿ ဗြဟ္မစရိယဿ ခဏ္ဍာဒိဘာဝါပါဒနတော ခဏ္ဍမ္ပိ ဆိဒ္ဒမ္ပိ သဗလမ္ပိ ကမ္မာသမ္ပီတိ. ဧဝံ ပန ခဏ္ဍာဒိဘာဝါပတ္တိယာ သော အပရိသုဒ္ဓံ ဗြဟ္မစရိယံ စရတိ, န ပရိသုဒ္ဓံ, သံယုတ္တော မေထုနသံယောဂေန, န [Pg.174] ဝိသံယုတ္တော. တတော စဿ န ဇာတိအာဒီဟိ ပရိမုတ္တီတိ ဒဿေန္တော ‘‘အယံ ဝုစ္စတီ’’တိအာဒိမာဟ.

50-51. In the seventh [sutta], ‘here’ means in this world. ‘Some’ means one. ‘An ascetic or a brahmin’ refers to either an ascetic by virtue of going forth, or a brahmin by birth. ‘Engaging in pairs’ means it should be engaged in by pairs of two, meaning sexual intercourse. ‘Does not actually engage’ is the connection. ‘Ucchādana’ means anointing. ‘Sambāhana’ means massaging. ‘Sādiyati’ means approves. ‘Tadassādeti’ means delights in anointing and so on. ‘Nikāmeti’ means desires. ‘Vitti’ means satisfaction. ‘This too,’ here, means that what was previously described—approving and so on—is stated as one by way of the qualities of being broken, etc. The particle ‘pi’ indicates inclusion by taking what will be said, while ‘kho’ emphasizes. This is what is said: for one who has taken the vow of celibacy, even without actually engaging in sexual intercourse, there is this matter of a woman's anointing, bathing, massaging, approving, and so on. This too, certainly, by causing the state of being broken and so on in that celibacy, is a break, a flaw, a stain, and an impurity. Thus, by falling into this state of being broken and so on, he lives an impure celibate life, not a pure one, bound by the bond of sexual intercourse, not unbound. To show that because of this he is not freed from birth and so on, it is said, ‘This is called...’ and so on.

သဉ္ဇဂ္ဃတီတိ ကိလေသဝသေန မဟာဟသိတံ ဟသတိ. သံကီဠတီတိ ကာယသံသဂ္ဂဝသေန ကီဠတိ. သံကေလာယတီတိ သဗ္ဗသော မာတုဂါမံ ကေလာယန္တော ဝိဟရတိ. စက္ခုနာတိ အတ္တနော စက္ခုနာ. စက္ခုန္တိ မာတုဂါမဿ စက္ခုံ. ဥပနိဇ္ဈာယတီတိ ဥပေစ္စ နိဇ္ဈာယတိ ဩလောကေတိ. တိရောကုဋ္ဋန္တိ ကုဋ္ဋဿ ပရတော. တထာ တိရောပါကာရံ, ‘‘မတ္တိကာမယာ ဘိတ္တိ ကုဋ္ဋံ, ဣဋ္ဌကာမယာ ပါကာရော’’တိ ဝဒန္တိ. ယာ ကာစိ ဝါ ဘိတ္တိ ပေါရိသကာ ဒိယဍ္ဎရတနပ္ပမာဏာ ကုဋ္ဋံ, တတော အဓိကော ပါကာရော. အဿာတိ ဗြဟ္မစာရိပဋိညဿ. ပုဗ္ဗေတိ ဝတသမာဒါနတော ပုဗ္ဗေ. ကာမဂုဏေဟီတိ ကာမကောဋ္ဌာသေဟိ. သမပ္ပိတန္တိ သုဋ္ဌု အပ္ပိတံ သဟိတံ. သမင်္ဂိဘူတန္တိ သမန္နာဂတံ. ပရိစာရယမာနန္တိ ကီဠန္တံ, ဥပဋ္ဌဟိယမာနံ ဝါ. ပဏိဓာယာတိ ပတ္ထေတွာ. သီလေနာတိအာဒီသု ယမနိယမာဒိသမာဒါနဝသေန သီလံ, အဝီတိက္ကမဝသေန ဝတံ. ဥဘယမ္ပိ ဝါ သီလံ, ဒုက္ကရစရိယဝသေန ပဝတ္တိတံ ဝတံ. တံတံအကိစ္စသမ္မတတော ဝါ နိဝတ္တိလက္ခဏံ သီလံ, တံတံသမာဒါနဝတော ဝေသဘောဇနကိစ္စကရဏာဒိဝိသေသပ္ပဋိပတ္တိ ဝတံ. သဗ္ဗထာပိ ဒုက္ကရစရိယာ တပေါ. မေထုနာ ဝိရတိ ဗြဟ္မစရိယန္တိ ဧဝမ္ပေတ္ထ ပါဠိဝဏ္ဏနာ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ. အဋ္ဌမံ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

‘Sañjagghati’ means he laughs loudly due to defilements. ‘Saṃkīḷati’ means he plays by way of physical contact. ‘Saṃkelāyati’ means he completely frolics with women. ‘Cakkhunā’ (with the eye) refers to his own eye. ‘Cakkhuṃ’ (the eye) refers to the woman’s eye. ‘Upanijjhāyati’ means he approaches and gazes intently, he observes. ‘Tirokuṭṭaṃ’ (beyond the wall) means on the other side of the wall. Similarly, ‘tiropākāraṃ’ (beyond the rampart)—they say, ‘A `kuṭṭa` is a wall made of clay, while a `pākāra` is a wall made of brick.’ Any wall that is a man's height, one and a half cubits in measure, is a `kuṭṭa`; anything taller is a `pākāra`. ‘Assa’ (his) refers to one who has taken a vow of celibacy. ‘Pubbe’ (formerly) means before undertaking the vow. ‘Kāmaguṇehi’ (with sensual pleasures) refers to the objects of sensual desire. ‘Samappitaṃ’ means well-fixed, connected. ‘Samaṅgibhūtaṃ’ means endowed. ‘Paricārayamānaṃ’ means playing, or being attended upon. ‘Paṇidhāya’ means having desired. In terms of ‘sīla’ (virtue) and so on—virtue (sīla) refers to undertaking restraints and precepts, while a vow (vata) refers to non-transgression. Both may also be called virtue, or a vow when practiced through difficult conduct. Alternatively, virtue (sīla) is characterized by abstaining from what is deemed improper, while a vow (vata) refers to specific practices like eating out of turn (vesabhojanakiccakaraṇādi) from one who has undertaken the vow. In all forms, difficult practice is austerity. Abstaining from sexual activity is celibacy—thus should the commentary on the text be understood here. The eighth is straightforward.

မေထုနသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Methuna Sutta, etc., is concluded.

၉. ဒါနမဟပ္ဖလသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

9. Commentary on the Dānamahapphala Sutta

၅၂. နဝမေ ‘‘သာဟု ဒါန’’န္တိ ဒါနံ ဒေတီတိ ‘‘ဒါနံ နာမ သာဓု သုန္ဒရ’’န္တိ ဒါနံ ဒေတီတိ အတ္ထော. ဒါနဉှိ ဒတွာ တံ ပစ္စဝေက္ခန္တဿ ပါမောဇ္ဇပီတိသောမနဿာဒယော ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇန္တိ, လောဘဒေါသဣဿာမစ္ဆေရာဒယော ဝိဒူရီဘဝန္တိ. ဣဒါနိ ဒါနံ အနုကူလဓမ္မပရိဗြူဟနေန ပစ္စနီကဓမ္မဝိဒူရီကရဏေန စ ဘာဝနာစိတ္တဿ ဥပသောဘနာယ စ ပရိက္ခာရာယ စ ဟောတီတိ ‘‘အလင်္ကာရဘူတဉ္စေဝ ပရိဝါရဘူတဉ္စ ဒေတီ’’တိ ဝုတ္တံ. ဈာနာနာဂါမီ နာမ ဟောတိ ဈာနံ နိဗ္ဗတ္တေတွာ [Pg.175] ဗြဟ္မလောကူပပန္နာနံ အရိယာနံ ဟေဋ္ဌာ အနုပ္ပဇ္ဇနတော. ဣမံ ပေစ္စ ပရိဘုဉ္ဇိဿာမီတိ သာပေက္ခဿ ဒါနံ ပရလောကဖလာသာယ သာတိသယာယ စ ပုဗ္ဗာစာရဝသေန ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇမာနာယ အနုဘဝတ္တာ တဏှုတ္တရံ နာမ ဟောတီတိ အာဟ ‘‘ပဌမံ တဏှုတ္တရိယဒါန’’န္တိ. ဒါနံ နာမ ဗုဒ္ဓါဒီဟိ ပသတ္ထန္တိ ဂရုံ စိတ္တီကာရံ ဥပဋ္ဌပေတွာ ဒါတဗ္ဗတ္တာ ‘‘ဒုတိယံ စိတ္တီကာရဒါန’’န္တိ ဝုတ္တံ. ပုဗ္ဗကေဟိ ပိတုပိတာမဟေဟိ ဒိန္နပုဗ္ဗံ ကတပုဗ္ဗံ ဇဟာပေတုံ နာမ နာနုစ္ဆဝိကန္တိ အတ္တဘာဝသဘာဂဝသေန ဟိရောတ္တပ္ပံ ပစ္စုပဋ္ဌပေတွာ ဒါတဗ္ဗတော ‘‘တတိယံ ဟိရောတ္တပ္ပဒါန’’န္တိ ဝုတ္တံ. ‘‘အဟံ ပစာမိ, န ဣမေ ပစန္တိ, နာရဟာမိ ပစန္တော အပစန္တာနံ ဒါနံ အဒါတု’’န္တိ ဧဝံသညီ ဟုတွာ ဒေန္တော နိရဝသေသံ ကတွာ ဒေတီတိ အာဟ ‘‘စတုတ္ထံ နိရဝသေသဒါန’’န္တိ. ‘‘ယထာ တေသံ ပုဗ္ဗကာနံ ဣသီနံ တာနိ မဟာယညကာနိ အဟေသုံ, ဧဝံ မေ အယံ ဒါနပရိဘောဂေါ ဘဝိဿတီ’’တိ ဧဝံသညိနော ဒါနံ ဒက္ခိဏံ အရဟေသု ဒါတဗ္ဗတော ‘‘ပဉ္စမံ ဒက္ခိဏေယျဒါန’’န္တိ ဝုတ္တံ. ‘‘ဣမံ မေ ဒါနံ ဒဒတော စိတ္တံ ပသီဒတီ’’တိအာဒိနာ ပီတိသောမနဿံ ဥပ္ပာဒေတွာ ဒေန္တဿ ဒါနံ သောမနဿဗာဟုလ္လပ္ပတ္တိယာ သောမနဿုပစာရံ နာမ ဟောတီတိ အာဟ ‘‘ဆဋ္ဌံ သောမနဿုပဝိစာရဒါန’’န္တိ ဝုတ္တံ.

52. In the ninth (explanation), the phrase 'sāhu dānaṃ' (good giving) means that one gives with the thought, 'Giving is indeed good and beautiful.' For when one gives and reflects on it, joy, rapture, and happiness arise, while greed, hatred, envy, stinginess, and other defilements vanish. Now, giving serves for the enhancement of favorable qualities, for the dispelling of opposing qualities, for the adornment of the mind, and as requisites for development. Thus, it is said that one gives 'as an adornment and as an accompaniment.' A jhānānāgāmī (one who has attained jhana and does not return) is so called because, having produced jhana, they are reborn in the Brahma realms and do not arise below the noble ones. Giving with anticipation, thinking, 'I will enjoy this after death,' is called 'the first, giving that transcends craving' because it arises from an intense hope for future rewards and from the experience of it being superior, in accordance with previous traditions. Giving is praised by the Buddhas and others; thus, because it should be given with great respect and veneration, it is called 'the second, giving with veneration.' Because it is improper to abandon what was previously given and done by ancestors like fathers and grandfathers, and because one should establish shame and moral dread in accordance with one's own nature before giving, it is called 'the third, giving with shame and moral dread.' Thinking, 'I cook, but they do not; it is unworthy for me, who cooks, not to give to those who do not,' one gives completely, without holding back. Thus, it is called 'the fourth, complete giving.' Believing, 'Just as those great sacrifices were for past sages, so will this offering of mine be,' one gives what should be given to worthy recipients. Thus, it is called 'the fifth, giving to the worthy of offerings.' When one gives, thinking, 'My mind brightens as I give,' and so on, generating joy and happiness, the giving, due to the attainment of an abundance of happiness, is called 'the sixth, giving associated with happiness.'

ဒါနမဟပ္ဖလသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Dānamahapphala Sutta is concluded.

၁၀. နန္ဒမာတာသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

10. Commentary on the Nandamātā Sutta

၅၃. ဒသမေ ‘‘ဝုတ္ထဝဿော ပဝါရေတွာ…ပေ… နိက္ခမီ’’တိ အင်္ဂုတ္တရဘာဏကာနံ မတေနေတံ ဝုတ္တံ. မဇ္ဈိမဘာဏကာ ပန ဝဒန္တိ ‘‘ဘဂဝါ ဥပကဋ္ဌာယ ဝဿူပနာယိကာယ ဇေတဝနတော ဘိက္ခုသံဃပရိဝုတော စာရိကံ နိက္ခမိ. တေနေဝ စ အကာလေ နိက္ခန္တတ္တာ ကောသလရာဇာဒယော ဝါရေတုံ အာရဘိံသု. ပဝါရေတွာ ဟိ စရဏံ ဗုဒ္ဓါစိဏ္ဏ’’န္တိ. ပုဏ္ဏာယ သမ္မာပဋိပတ္တိံ ပစ္စာသီသန္တော ဘဂဝါ ‘‘မမ နိဝတ္တနပစ္စယာ တွံ ကိံ ကရိဿသီ’’တိ အာဟ. ပုဏ္ဏာပိ…ပေ… ပဗ္ဗဇီတိ ဧတ္ထ သေဋ္ဌိ ‘‘ပုဏ္ဏာယ ဘဂဝါ နိဝတ္တိတော’’တိ သုတွာ တံ ဘုဇိဿံ ကတွာ ဓီတုဋ္ဌာနေ ဌပေသိ. သာ ပဗ္ဗဇ္ဇံ ယာစိတွာ ပဗ္ဗဇိ, ပဗ္ဗဇိတွာ ဝိပဿနံ အာရဘိ. အထဿာ သတ္ထာ အာရဒ္ဓဝိပဿကဘာဝံ ဉတွာ ဣမံ ဩဘာသဂါထံ ဝိဿဇ္ဇေသိ –

53. In the tenth (explanation), the phrase 'having completed the rains retreat and held the Pavāraṇā ceremony... he departed' is stated according to the view of the Aṅguttara reciters. However, the Majjhima reciters say, 'The Blessed One, accompanied by the community of bhikkhus, set out on a wandering tour from Jetavana just before the rains retreat. Because he departed at an improper time, King Kosala and others began to restrain him. For it is the custom of the Buddhas to wander only after the Pavāraṇā.' Hoping for Puṇṇā’s proper practice, the Blessed One asked, 'What will you do on account of my turning back?' Puṇṇā also... she went forth. Here, the merchant, hearing that 'the Blessed One turned back because of Puṇṇā,' made her his freedwoman and appointed her to the position of his daughter. She requested ordination, went forth, and began practicing insight meditation. Then, knowing that she had begun insight meditation, the Teacher uttered this illuminating verse—

‘‘ပုဏ္ဏေ [Pg.176] ပူရဿု သဒ္ဓမ္မံ, စန္ဒော ပန္နရသော ယထာ;

ပရိပုဏ္ဏာယ ပညာယ, ဒုက္ခဿန္တံ ကရိဿသီ’’တိ. (ထေရီဂါ. ၃);

“Puṇṇā, fill yourself with the good Dhamma, like the moon on the fifteenth day; with wisdom fully perfected, you will make an end of suffering.”

သာ ဂါထာပရိယောသာနေ အရဟတ္တံ ပတွာ အဘိညာတာ သာဝိကာ အဟောသိ. သေသမေတ္ထ သုဝိညေယျမေဝ.

At the conclusion of the verse, she attained arahantship and became a renowned disciple. The remainder here is easily understood.

နန္ဒမာတာသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Nandamātā Sutta is concluded.

မဟာယညဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Chapter on the Great Sacrifice is concluded.

ပဌမပဏ္ဏာသကံ နိဋ္ဌိတံ.

The First Fifty is concluded.

၆. အဗျာကတဝဂ္ဂေါ

6. The Chapter on the Undeclared

၁-၂. အဗျာကတသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

1–2. Commentary on the Discourses on the Undeclared, and so forth.

၅၄-၅၅. ဆဋ္ဌဝဂ္ဂဿ ပဌမံ သုဝိညေယျမေဝ. ဒုတိယေ အတီတေ အတ္တဘာဝေ နိဗ္ဗတ္တကံ ကမ္မန္တိ ‘‘ပုရိမကမ္မဘဝသ္မိံ မောဟော အဝိဇ္ဇာ, အာယူဟနာ သင်္ခါရာ, နိကန္တိ တဏှာ, ဥပဂမနံ ဥပါဒါနံ, စေတနာ ဘဝေါ’’တိ ဧဝမာဂတံ သပရိက္ခာရံ ပဉ္စဝိဓံ ကမ္မဝဋ္ဋမာဟ. ဧတရဟိ မေ အတ္တဘာဝေါ န သိယာတိ ဝိညာဏနာမရူပသဠာယတနဖဿဝေဒနာသဟိတံ ပစ္စုပ္ပန္နံ ပဉ္စဝိဓံ ဝိပါကဝဋ္ဋမာဟ. ယံ အတ္ထိကန္တိ ယံ ပရမတ္ထတော ဝိဇ္ဇမာနကံ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဘူတ’’န္တိ. တဉှိ ပစ္စယနိဗ္ဗတ္တတာယ ‘‘ဘူတ’’န္တိ ဝုစ္စတိ. တံ ပဇဟာမီတိ တပ္ပဋိဗဒ္ဓစ္ဆန္ဒရာဂပ္ပဟာနေန တတော ဧဝ အာယတိံ အနုပ္ပတ္တိဓမ္မတာပါဒနဝသေန ပဇဟာမိ ပရိစ္စဇာမိ. ဟရိတန္တန္တိ (မ. နိ. အဋ္ဌ. ၁.၃၀၃) ဟရိတမေဝ. အန္တ-သဒ္ဒေန ပဒဝဍ္ဎနံ ကတံ ယထာ ‘‘ဝနန္တံ သုတ္တန္တ’’န္တိ, အလ္လတိဏာဒီနိ အာဂမ္မ နိဗ္ဗာယတီတိ အတ္ထော. ပထန္တန္တိ မဟာမဂ္ဂံ. သေလန္တန္တိ ပဗ္ဗတံ. ဥဒကန္တန္တိ ဥဒကံ. ရမဏီယံ ဝါ ဘူမိဘာဂန္တိ တိဏဂုမ္ဗာဒိရဟိတံ ဝိဝိတ္တံ အဗ္ဘောကာသဘူမိဘာဂံ. အနာဟာရာတိ အပစ္စယာ နိရုပါဒါနာ. သေသမေတ္ထ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

54–55. The first discourse of the sixth chapter is easily understood. In the second, regarding the kamma that produced existence in the past, it speaks of the fivefold cycle of kamma with its accessories, as stated: 'Delusion in the previous kamma-existence is ignorance; accumulation is volitional formations; delight is craving; approaching is clinging; volition is becoming.' It speaks of the present fivefold cycle of result, comprising consciousness, name-and-form, the six sense bases, contact, and feeling, as that whereby 'this present existence of mine would not be.' That which exists—that which is ultimately real. Therefore, he said 'existent' (bhūta). For it is called 'existent' because it arises from conditions. 'I abandon it' means I abandon and relinquish it by giving up the desire and lust connected to it, and thereby causing it not to arise in the future. 'Haritanta' (green) means simply 'green.' The word 'anta' is used as an augment, as in 'vananta' (forest) or 'suttanta' (discourse); the meaning is that it is extinguished by coming into contact with wet grass and the like. 'Pathanta' (path) means the great path. 'Selanta' (rock) means a mountain. 'Udakanta' (water) means water. 'A delightful area of ground' refers to a secluded, open space free of grass, bushes, and the like. 'Without sustenance' means without conditions or clinging. The remainder here is evident.

အဗျာကတသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Discourses on the Undeclared, and so forth, is concluded.

၃. တိဿဗြဟ္မာသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

3. The Commentary on the Tissabrahma Sutta

၅၆. တတိယေ [Pg.177] ဝိဝိတ္တာနိ တာဒိသာနိ ပန ပရိယန္တာနိ အတိဒူရာနိ ဟောန္တီတိ အာဟ ‘‘အန္တိမပရိယန္တိမာနီ’’တိ. အန္တေ ဘဝါနိ အန္တိမာနိ, အန္တိမာနိယေဝ ပရိယန္တိမာနိ. ဥဘယေနပိ အတိဒူရတံ ဒဿေတိ. သမန္နာဟာရေ ဌပယမာနောတိ ဣန္ဒြိယံ သမာကာရေန ဝတ္တေန္တော ဣန္ဒြိယသမတံ ပဋိပါဒေန္တော နာမ ဟောတိ. ဝိပဿနာစိတ္တသမ္ပယုတ္တော သမာဓိ, သတိပိ သင်္ခါရနိမိတ္တာဝိရဟေ နိစ္စနိမိတ္တာဒိဝိရဟတော ‘‘အနိမိတ္တော’’တိ ဝုစ္စတီတိ အာဟ ‘‘အနိမိတ္တန္တိ ဗလဝဝိပဿနာသမာဓိ’’န္တိ.

56. In the third sutta, it is said that secluded boundaries are indeed such, but they are very far away, hence it is said, 'having ultimate and final boundaries.' Those that exist at the end are ultimate; indeed, the ultimate are the final. Both indicate great distance. By 'establishing harmonious application' is meant one who, causing the faculties to function harmoniously, establishes balance among the faculties. The concentration associated with insight consciousness, even when there is no sign of formations, is called 'signless' due to the absence of the sign of permanence and so forth. Hence it is said, 'signless means strong insight concentration.'

တိဿဗြဟ္မာသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Tissabrahmā Sutta is concluded.

၄-၇. သီဟသေနာပတိသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

4-7. Commentary on the Sīhasenāpati Sutta and so forth

၅၇-၆၀. စတုတ္ထေ ကုစ္ဆိတော အရိယော ကဒရိယော. ထဒ္ဓမစ္ဆရိယသဒိသံ ဟိ ကုစ္ဆိတံ သဗ္ဗနိဟီနံ နတ္ထိ သဗ္ဗကုသလာနံ အာဒိဘူတဿ နိသေဓနတော. သေသမေတ္ထ ပဉ္စမာဒီနိ စ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထာနေဝ.

57-60. In the fourth sutta, a miser is a despicable person. Indeed, there is nothing so despicable, so utterly base, as obstinate avarice, because it obstructs the origin of all wholesome qualities. The remaining terms, from the fifth onward, have obvious meanings.

သီဟသေနာပတိသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Sīhasenāpati Sutta and so forth is concluded.

၈. ပစလာယမာနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

8. Commentary on the Pacalāyamāna Sutta

၆၁. အဋ္ဌမေ အာလောကသညံ မနသိ ကရေယျာသီတိ ဒိဝါ ဝါ ရတ္တိံ ဝါ သူရိယပဇ္ဇောတစန္ဒမဏိအာဒီနံ အာလောကံ ‘‘အာလောကော’’တိ မနသိ ကရေယျာသိ. ဣဒံ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ – သူရိယစန္ဒာလောကာဒိံ ဒိဝါ ရတ္တိဉ္စ ဥပလဒ္ဓံ ယထာလဒ္ဓဝသေနေဝ မနသိ ကရေယျာသိ, စိတ္တေ ဌပေယျာသိ. ယထာ တေ သုဘာဝိတာလောကကသိဏဿ ဝိယ ကသိဏာလောကော ယဒိစ္ဆကံ ယာဝဒိစ္ဆကဉ္စ သော အာလောကော ရတ္တိယံ ဥပတိဋ္ဌတိ, ယေန တတ္ထ ဒိဝါသညံ ဌပေယျာသိ, ဒိဝါ ဝိယ ဝိဂတထိနမိဒ္ဓေါဝ ဘဝေယျာသီတိ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ယထာ ဒိဝါ တထာ ရတ္တိ’’န္တိ. ဣတိ ဝိဝဋေန စေတသာတိ ဧဝံ အပိဟိတေန စိတ္တေန ထိနမိဒ္ဓပိဓာနေန အပိဟိတတ္တာ. အပရိယောနဒ္ဓေနာတိ သမန္တတော အနောနဒ္ဓေန အသဉ္ဆာဒိတေန. သဟောဘာသန္တိ သဉာဏောဘာသံ. ထိနမိဒ္ဓဝိနောဒနအာလောကောပိ ဝါ ဟောတု ကသိဏာလောကောပိ [Pg.178] ဝါ ပရိကမ္မာလောကောပိ ဝါ, ဥပက္ကိလေသာလောကော ဝိယ သဗ္ဗောယံ အာလောကော ဉာဏသမုဋ္ဌာနောဝါတိ. ယေသံ အကရဏေ ပုဂ္ဂလော မဟာဇာနိယော ဟောတိ, တာနိ အဝဿံ ကာတဗ္ဗာနိ. ယာနိ အကာတုမ္ပိ ဝဋ္ဋန္တိ, သတိ သမဝါယေ ကာတဗ္ဗတော တာနိ ကရဏီယာနီတိ အာဟ ‘‘ဣတရာနိ ကရဏီယာနီ’’တိ. အထ ဝါ ကတ္တဗ္ဗာနိ ကမ္မာနိ ကရဏံ အရဟန္တီတိ ကရဏီယာနိ. ဣတရာနိ ကိစ္စာနီတိပိ ဝဒန္တိ.

61. In the eighth sutta, 'you should attend to the perception of light' means that whether by day or night, you should attend to the light of the sun, a lamp, the moon, a gem, and so forth, thinking 'light.' This is what is said: you should attend to the light of the sun, moon, etc., perceived by day and by night, just as it is perceived, and fix it in the mind. Just as for one who has well-developed the light kasiṇa, the light of the kasiṇa appears at will and for as long as desired during the night, so that you may establish the perception of day there and be free from sloth and torpor as if it were day. Hence it is said, 'as by day, so by night.' Thus, 'with an open mind' means with a mind not covered, not being concealed by the covering of sloth and torpor. 'Unenveloped' means not enveloped or obscured on all sides. 'With radiance' means with the radiance of knowledge. Whether it is the light that dispels sloth and torpor, or the light of the kasiṇa, or the light of preliminary practice, all this light, like the light of the corruptions of insight, arises from knowledge. Those things which, if not done, cause a person great loss, must certainly be done. Those which may be left undone, yet should be done when the opportunity arises—these are called 'other duties.' Alternatively, they are called 'duties' because they are actions that ought to be done. Others also call them 'tasks.'

အာဒိနယပ္ပဝတ္တာ ဝိဂ္ဂါဟိကကထာတိ ‘‘န တွံ ဣမံ ဓမ္မဝိနယံ အာဇာနာသိ, အဟံ ဣမံ ဓမ္မဝိနယံ အာဇာနာမိ, ကိံ တွံ ဣမံ ဓမ္မဝိနယံ အာဇာနိဿသိ, မိစ္ဆာပဋိပန္နော တွမသိ, အဟမသ္မိ သမ္မာပဋိပန္နော, သဟိတံ မေ, အသဟိတံ တေ, ပုရေဝစနီယံ ပစ္ဆာ အဝစ, ပစ္ဆာဝစနီယံ ပုရေ အဝစ, အဓိစိဏ္ဏံ တေ ဝိပရာဝတ္တံ, အာရောပိတော တေ ဝါဒေါ, နိဂ္ဂဟိတော တွမသိ. စရ ဝါဒပ္ပမောက္ခာယ, နိဗ္ဗေဌေဟိ ဝါ သစေ ပဟောသီ’’တိ (ဒီ. နိ. ၁.၁၈; မ. နိ. ၃.၄၁) ဧဝံပဝတ္တာ ကထာ. တတ္ထ သဟိတံ မေတိ (ဒီ. နိ. အဋ္ဌ. ၁.၁၈) မယှံ ဝစနံ သဟိတံ သိလိဋ္ဌံ, အတ္ထယုတ္တံ ကာရဏယုတ္တန္တိ အတ္ထော. သဟိတန္တိ ဝါ ပုဗ္ဗာပရာဝိရုဒ္ဓံ. အသဟိတံ တေတိ တုယှံ ဝစနံ အသဟိတံ အသိလိဋ္ဌံ. အဓိစိဏ္ဏံ တေ ဝိပရာဝတ္တန္တိ ယံ တုယှံ ဒီဃရတ္တာစိဏ္ဏဝသေန သုပ္ပဂုဏံ, တံ မယှံ ဧကဝစနေနေဝ ဝိပရာဝတ္တံ ပရိဝတ္တိတွာ ဌိတံ, န ကိဉ္စိ ဇာနာသီတိ အတ္ထော. အာရောပိတော တေ ဝါဒေါတိ မယာ တဝ ဝါဒေ ဒေါသော အာရောပိတော. စရ ဝါဒပ္ပမောက္ခာယာတိ ဒေါသမောစနတ္ထံ စရ ဝိစရ, တတ္ထ တတ္ထ ဂန္တွာ သိက္ခာတိ အတ္ထော. နိဗ္ဗေဌေဟိ ဝါ သစေ ပဟောသီတိ အထ သယံ ပဟောသိ, ဣဒါနိ ဧဝ နိဗ္ဗေဌေဟီတိ အတ္ထော.

Disputatious talk that proceeds by way of refutation is as follows: "You do not understand this Dhamma-Vinaya, but I understand it. How could you understand this Dhamma-Vinaya? You are practicing wrongly, while I am practicing rightly. My words are coherent, yours are incoherent. What should be said first, you said later; what should be said later, you said first. Your long-held position has been overturned. A charge has been brought against your argument. You are defeated. Go, try to free yourself from this argument—or disentangle it if you can!" (Dī. Ni. 1.18; Ma. Ni. 3.41). Here, "my words are coherent" (Dī. Ni. Aṭṭha. 1.18) means: "My statement is coherent, connected, meaningful, and logically sound." Alternatively, "coherent" means not contradicting what was said before or after. "Yours are incoherent" means: "Your statement is incoherent, unconnected." "Your long-held position has been overturned" means: "What you have habitually practiced for a long time and mastered has been overturned by my single statement—you know nothing!" "A charge has been brought against your argument" means: "I have imputed a fault to your argument." "Go, try to free yourself from this argument" means: "Go, wander about to free yourself from this fault—go here and there to learn." "Or disentangle it if you can" means: "But if you are capable, disentangle it right now!"

တဏှာ သဗ္ဗသော ခီယန္တိ ဧတ္ထာတိ တဏှာသင်္ခယော, တသ္မိံ. တဏှာသင်္ခယေတိ စ ဣဒံ ဝိသယေ ဘုမ္မန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘တံ အာရမ္မဏံ ကတွာ’’တိ. ဝိမုတ္တစိတ္တတာယာတိ သဗ္ဗသံကိလေသေဟိ ဝိပ္ပယုတ္တစိတ္တတာယ. အပရဘာဂေ ပဋိပဒါ နာမ အရိယသစ္စာဘိသမယော. သာ သာသနစာရိဂေါစရာ ပစ္စတ္တံ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗတောတိ အာဟ ‘‘ပုဗ္ဗဘာဂပ္ပဋိပဒံ သံခိတ္တေန ဒေသေထာတိ ပုစ္ဆတီ’’တိ. အကုပ္ပဓမ္မတာယ ခယဝယသင်္ခါတံ အန္တံ အတီတာတိ အစ္စန္တာ, သော ဧဝ အပရိဟာယနသဘာဝတ္တာ အစ္စန္တာ နိဋ္ဌာ အဿာတိ အစ္စန္တနိဋ္ဌာ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဧကန္တနိဋ္ဌော သတတနိဋ္ဌောတိ အတ္ထော’’တိ. န ဟိ ပဋိဝိဒ္ဓဿ [Pg.179] လောကုတ္တရဓမ္မဿ ဒဿန္နံ ကုပ္ပန္နံ နာမ အတ္ထိ. အစ္စန္တမေဝ စတူဟိ ယောဂေဟိ ခေမော ဧတဿ အတ္ထီတိ အစ္စန္တယောဂက္ခေမီ. မဂ္ဂဗြဟ္မစရိယဿ ဝုသိတတ္တာ တဿ စ အပရိဟာယနသဘာဝတ္တာ အစ္စန္တံ ဗြဟ္မစာရီတိ အစ္စန္တဗြဟ္မစာရီ. တေနာဟ ‘‘နိစ္စဗြဟ္မစာရီတိ အတ္ထော’’တိ. ပရိယောသာနန္တိ မဂ္ဂဗြဟ္မစရိယပရိယပရိယောသာနံ ဝဋ္ဋဒုက္ခပရိယောသာနဉ္စ.

Craving is completely destroyed herein; therefore, it is the destruction of craving. And regarding 'in the destruction of craving,' this is a locative of sphere, hence it is said, 'having made that the object.' 'Liberation of mind' means a mind disengaged from all defilements. In the subsequent part, the path is the realization of the noble truths. Because that path has the practice of the teaching as its domain and is to be known individually, he asks, 'Teach the preliminary practice in brief.' Having passed beyond the end, which is reckoned as destruction and cessation, by virtue of its unshakeable nature, it is called ultimate. And because it has an irreversible nature, it has an ultimate conclusion. Therefore, it is said, 'It means being absolutely concluded, eternally concluded.' Indeed, for one who has penetrated the supramundane Dhamma, there is no such thing as the wavering of vision. He possesses utter security from the four yokes—hence, he is 'utterly secure from the yokes.' Having lived the holy life of the path, and because of its irreversible nature, he is 'utterly a holy-life-farer.' Therefore, it is said, 'It means he is a perpetual holy-life-farer.' 'The conclusion' refers to both the culmination of the holy life of the path and the conclusion of the suffering of the round of rebirth.

ပဉ္စက္ခန္ဓာတိ ပဉ္စုပါဒါနက္ခန္ဓာ. သက္ကာယသဗ္ဗဉှိ သန္ဓာယ ဣဓ ‘‘သဗ္ဗေ ဓမ္မာ’’တိ ဝုတ္တံ ဝိပဿနာဝိသယဿ အဓိပ္ပေတတ္တာ. တသ္မာ အာယတနဓာတုယောပိ တဂ္ဂတိကာ ဧဝ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗာ. တေနာဟ ဘဂဝါ ‘‘နာလံ အဘိနိဝေသာယာ’’တိ. န ယုတ္တာ အဘိနိဝေသာယ ‘‘ဧတံ မမ, ဧသော မေ အတ္တာ’’တိ အဇ္ဈောသာနာယ. ‘‘အလမေဝ နိဗ္ဗိန္ဒိတုံ အလံ ဝိရဇ္ဇိတု’’န္တိအာဒီသု (ဒီ. နိ. ၂.၂၇၂; သံ. နိ. ၂.၁၂၄, ၁၂၈, ၁၃၄, ၁၄၃) ဝိယ အလံ-သဒ္ဒေါ ယုတ္တတ္ထောပိ ဟောတီတိ အာဟ ‘‘န ယုတ္တာ’’တိ. သမ္ပဇ္ဇန္တီတိ ဘဝန္တိ. ယဒိပိ ‘‘တတိယာ စတုတ္ထီ’’တိ ဣဒံ ဝိသုဒ္ဓိဒွယံ အဘိညာပညာ, တဿ ပန သပစ္စယနာမရူပဒဿနဘာဝတော သတိ စ ပစ္စယပရိဂ္ဂဟေ သပစ္စယတ္တာ အနိစ္စန္တိ, နာမရူပဿ အနိစ္စတာယ ဒုက္ခံ, ဒုက္ခဉ္စ အနတ္တာတိ အတ္ထတော လက္ခဏတ္တယံ သုပါကဋမေဝ ဟောတီတိ အာဟ ‘‘အနိစ္စံ ဒုက္ခံ အနတ္တာတိ ဉာတပရိညာယ အဘိဇာနာတီ’’တိ. တထေဝ တီရဏပရိညာယာတိ ဣမိနာ အနိစ္စာဒိဘာဝေန နာလံ အဘိနိဝေသာယာတိ နာမရူပဿ ဥပသံဟရတိ, န အဘိညာပညာနံ သမ္ဘာရဓမ္မာနံ. ပုရိမာယ ဟိ အတ္ထတော အာပန္နံ လက္ခဏတ္တယံ ဂဏှာတိ သလက္ခဏသလ္လက္ခဏပရတ္တာ တဿာ. ဒုတိယာယ သရူပတော တဿာ လက္ခဏတ္တယာရောပနဝသေန သမ္မသနဘာဝတော. ဧကစိတ္တက္ခဏိကတာယ အဘိနိပါတမတ္တတာယ စ အပ္ပမတ္တကမ္ပိ. ရူပပရိဂ္ဂဟဿ ဩဠာရိကဘာဝတော အရူပပရိဂ္ဂဟံ ဒဿေတိ. ဒဿေန္တော စ ဝေဒနာယ အာသန္နဘာဝတော, ဝိသေသတော သုခသာရာဂိတာယ, ဘဝဿာဒဂဓိတမာနသတာယ စ ထေရဿ ဝေဒနာဝသေန နိဗ္ဗတ္တေတွာ ဒဿေတိ.

The five aggregates are the five aggregates subject to clinging. Here, 'all phenomena' is stated with reference to all that constitutes individuality, since it is intended as the domain of insight. Therefore, the sense bases and elements should also be seen as belonging to that same category. Hence, the Blessed One said, 'Not fit for attachment.' It is not suitable for attachment, for grasping with the thought, 'This is mine, this is my self.' As in phrases like 'It is enough to become disenchanted, enough to become dispassionate,' the word 'alaṃ' can also mean 'suitable'; hence, it is said, 'not suitable.' 'They come to be' means they are. Moreover, although 'the third and fourth' refers to the two purifications, which are the wisdom of higher knowledge, nevertheless, because of seeing name-and-form with its conditions, and when there is the grasping of conditions, because it is conditioned, it is impermanent; due to the impermanence of name-and-form, there is suffering, and what is suffering is non-self. Thus, the three characteristics become very clear in meaning. Hence, it is said, 'He fully knows by comprehension as known that it is impermanent, suffering, and non-self.' Similarly, by this comprehension by scrutiny, he applies to name-and-form the fact that, due to its nature of being impermanent and so on, it is not fit for attachment; he does not apply it to the constituent factors of the wisdom of higher knowledge. For the first grasps the three characteristics that are implicitly present, as it is concerned with discerning their individual characteristics. The second does so explicitly, as it involves scrutinizing by way of superimposing the three characteristics upon it. And even a little bit, due to its being momentary, lasting for a single mind-moment, and being a mere occurrence. Because the grasping of form is gross, he shows the grasping of the formless. And in showing this, because feeling is proximate, and especially because of craving for the essence of pleasure and the mind's greed for the taste of existence, the elder explains it by generating it in terms of feeling.

ခယဝိရာဂေါတိ ခယသင်္ခါတော ဝိရာဂေါ သင်္ခါရာနံ ပလုဇ္ဇနာ. ယံ အာဂမ္မ သဗ္ဗသော သင်္ခါရေဟိ ဝိရဇ္ဇနာ ဟောတိ, တံ နိဗ္ဗာနံ အစ္စန္တဝိရာဂေါ. နိရောဓာနုပဿိမှိပီတိ နိရောဓာနုပဿိပဒေပိ. ဧသေဝ နယောတိ အတိဒိသိတွာ တံ [Pg.180] ဧကဒေသေန ဝိဝရန္တော ‘‘နိရောဓောပိ ဟိ…ပေ… ဒုဝိဓောယေဝါ’’တိ အာဟ. ခန္ဓာနံ ပရိစ္စဇနံ တပ္ပဋိဗဒ္ဓကိလေသပ္ပဟာနဝသေနာတိ ယေနာကာရေန ဝိပဿနာ ကိလေသေ ပဇဟတိ, တေနာကာရေန တံနိမိတ္တက္ခန္ဓေ စ ပဇဟတီတိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗတံ အရဟတီတိ အာဟ ‘‘သာ ဟိ…ပေ… ဝေါဿဇ္ဇတီ’’တိ. အာရမ္မဏတောတိ ကိစ္စသာဓနဝသေန အာရမ္မဏကရဏတော. ဧဝဉှိ မဂ္ဂတော အညေသံ နိဗ္ဗာနာရမ္မဏာနံ ပက္ခန္ဒနဝေါဿဂ္ဂါဘာဝေါ သိဒ္ဓေါဝ ဟောတိ. ပရိစ္စဇနေန ပက္ခန္ဒနေန စာတိ ဒွီဟိပိ ဝါ ကာရဏေဟိ. သောတိ မဂ္ဂေါ. သဗ္ဗေသံ ခန္ဓာနံ ဝေါဿဇ္ဇနံ တပ္ပဋိဗဒ္ဓသံကိလေသပ္ပဟာနေန ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗံ. ယသ္မာ ဝါ ဝိပဿနာစိတ္တံ ပက္ခန္ဒတီတိ မဂ္ဂသမ္ပယုတ္တစိတ္တံ သန္ဓာယာဟ. မဂ္ဂေါ စ သမုစ္ဆေဒဝသေန ကိလေသေ ခန္ဓေ စ ပရိစ္စဇတိ, တသ္မာ ယထာက္ကမံ ဝိပဿနာမဂ္ဂါနဉ္စ ဝသေန ပက္ခန္ဒနပရိစ္စာဂဝေါဿဂ္ဂါပိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ. တဒုဘယသမင်္ဂီတိ ဝိပဿနာသမင်္ဂီ မဂ္ဂသမင်္ဂီ စ. ‘‘အနိစ္စာနုပဿနာယ နိစ္စသညံ ပဇဟတီ’’တိအာဒိဝစနတော (ပဋိ. မ. ၁.၅၂) ဟိ ယထာ ဝိပဿနာယ ကိလေသာနံ ပရိစ္စာဂပ္ပဋိနိဿဂ္ဂေါ လဗ္ဘတိ, ဧဝံ အာယတိံ တေဟိ ကိလေသေဟိ ဥပ္ပာဒေတဗ္ဗက္ခန္ဓာနမ္ပိ ပရိစ္စာဂပဋိနိဿဂ္ဂေါ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗော. ပက္ခန္ဒနပဋိနိဿဂ္ဂေါ ပန မဂ္ဂေ လဗ္ဘမာနာယ ဧကန္တကာရဏဘူတာယ ဝုဋ္ဌာနဂါမိနိဝိပဿနာယ ဝသေန ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. မဂ္ဂေ ပန တဒုဘယမ္ပိ ဉာယာဂတမေဝ နိပ္ပရိယာယတောဝ လဗ္ဘမာနတ္တာ. တေနာဟ ‘‘တဒုဘယသမင်္ဂီပုဂ္ဂလော’’တိအာဒိ. ပုစ္ဆန္တဿ အဇ္ဈာသယဝသေန ‘‘န ကိဉ္စိ လောကေ ဥပါဒိယတီ’’တိ ဧတ္ထ ကာမုပါဒါနဝသေန ဥပါဒိယနံ ပဋိက္ခိပတီတိ အာဟ ‘‘တဏှာဝသေန န ဥပါဒိယတီ’’တိ. တဏှာဝသေန ဝါ အသတိ ဥပါဒိယနေ ဒိဋ္ဌိဝသေန ဥပါဒိယနံ အနဝကာသမေဝါတိ ‘‘တဏှာဝသေန’’ဣစ္စေဝ ဝုတ္တံ. န ပရာမသတီတိ နာဒိယတိ. ဒိဋ္ဌိပရာမာသဝသေန ဝါ ‘‘နိစ္စ’’န္တိအာဒိနာ န ပရာမသတိ. သံခိတ္တေနေဝ ကထေသီတိ တဿ အဇ္ဈာသယဝသေန ပပဉ္စံ အကတွာ ကထေသိ.

'Destruction-dispassion' means dispassion designated as destruction, the perishing of formations. That, depending on which there is complete dispassion towards all formations, that Nibbāna is ultimate dispassion. 'In one contemplating cessation' means in the section on contemplating cessation. Having extended the application by saying 'This is the same method,' he then explains a part of it, saying, 'For cessation is indeed… twofold.' The abandoning of the aggregates is in the sense of abandoning the defilements connected with them. This means that in whatever way insight abandons defilements, in that same way it deserves to be said that it also abandons the aggregates that are their objects; therefore, he says, 'For it… relinquishes.' 'By way of object' means because of making it an object in the sense of accomplishing a function. For in this way, for others than the path that have Nibbāna as their object, the absence of plunging in and relinquishing is indeed established. Or by both causes, namely, by abandoning and by plunging in. That is the path. The relinquishing of all aggregates should be seen as the abandoning of the defilements connected with them. Or, because he says 'insight-consciousness plunges in,' he is referring to the consciousness associated with the path. And the path abandons defilements and aggregates by way of eradication. Therefore, plunging in, abandoning, and relinquishing should be understood respectively in terms of insight and the path. 'Endowed with both' means endowed with insight and endowed with the path. For from statements like 'Through the contemplation of impermanence, one abandons the perception of permanence,' just as the abandoning and relinquishing of defilements is obtained by insight, so too should the abandoning and relinquishing of the aggregates that would be produced by those defilements in the future be spoken of. The relinquishing that is plunging in, however, should be understood in terms of the insight leading to emergence, which is the decisive cause obtained in the course of the path. On the path, however, both are obtained directly and without ambiguity, as they are inherent in the method. Therefore, he says, 'a person endowed with both,' and so on. According to the questioner's disposition, in the phrase 'one does not cling to anything in the world,' he rejects clinging in the sense of sensual clinging; thus he says, 'one does not cling by way of craving.' Or, when there is no clinging by way of craving, there is no opportunity for clinging by way of views; thus, it is simply said, 'by way of craving.' 'Does not grasp' means does not take up. Or, one does not grasp by way of the grasping of views, with ideas such as 'permanent.' 'He spoke concisely' means he spoke according to that person's disposition, without elaboration.

ပစလာယမာနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Pacalāyamāna Sutta is concluded.

၉. မေတ္တသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

9. Commentary on the Mettā Sutta.

၆၂. နဝမေ မာ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, ပုညာနန္တိ (ဣတိဝု. အဋ္ဌ. ၆၂) ဧတ္ထ မာတိ ပဋိသေဓေ နိပါတော. ပုည-သဒ္ဒေါ ‘‘ကုသလာနံ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, ဓမ္မာနံ သမာဒါနဟေတု ဧဝမိဒံ ပုညံ ပဝဍ္ဎတီ’’တိအာဒီသု [Pg.181] (ဒီ. နိ. ၃.၈၀) ပုညဖလေ အာဂတော. ‘‘အဝိဇ္ဇာဂတောယံ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, ပုရိသပုဂ္ဂလော ပုညဉ္စေ သင်္ခါရံ အဘိသင်္ခရောတီ’’တိအာဒီသု (သံ. နိ. ၂.၅၁) ကာမရူပါဝစရသုစရိတေသု. ‘‘ပုညူပဂံ ဟောတိ ဝိညာဏ’’န္တိအာဒီသု (သံ. နိ. ၂.၅၁) သုဂတိဝိသေသဘူတေ ဥပပတ္တိဘဝေ. ‘‘တီဏိမာနိ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, ပုညကိရိယဝတ္ထူနိ ဒါနမယံ ပုညကိရိယဝတ္ထု, သီလမယံ ပုညကိရိယဝတ္ထု, ဘာဝနာမယံ ပုညကိရိယဝတ္ထူ’’တိအာဒီသု (ဣတိဝု. ၆၀; ဒီ. နိ. ၃.၃၀၅; အ. နိ. ၈.၃၆) ကုသလစေတနာယံ. ဣဓ ပန တေဘူမကကုသလဓမ္မေ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. ဘာယိတ္ထာတိ ဧတ္ထ ဒုဝိဓံ ဘယံ ဉာဏဘယံ, သာရဇ္ဇဘယန္တိ. တတ္ထ ‘‘ယေပိ တေ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, ဒေဝါ ဒီဃာယုကာ ဝဏ္ဏဝန္တော သုခဗဟုလာ ဥစ္စေသု ဝိမာနေသု စိရဋ္ဌိတိကာ, တေပိ တထာဂတဿ ဓမ္မဒေသနံ သုတွာ ယေဘုယျေန ဘယံ သံဝေဂံ သန္တာသံ အာပဇ္ဇန္တီ’’တိ (အ. နိ. ၄.၃၃) အာဂတံ ဉာဏဘယံ. ‘‘အဟုဒေဝ ဘယံ, အဟု ဆမ္ဘိတတ္တံ, အဟု လောမဟံသော’’တိအာဒီသု (ဒီ. နိ. ၂.၃၁၈) အာဂတံ သာရဇ္ဇဘယံ. ဣဓာပိ သာရဇ္ဇဘယမေဝ. အယဉှေတ္ထ အတ္ထော – ဘိက္ခဝေ, ဒီဃရတ္တံ ကာယဝစီသံယမော ဝတ္တပ္ပဋိဝတ္တပူရဏံ ဧကာသနံ ဧကသေယျံ ဣန္ဒြိယဒမော ဓုတဓမ္မေဟိ စိတ္တဿ နိဂ္ဂဟော သတိသမ္ပဇညံ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနာနုယောဂဝသေန ဝီရိယာရမ္ဘောတိ ဧဝမာဒီနိ ယာနိ ဘိက္ခုနာ နိရန္တရံ ပဝတ္တေတဗ္ဗာနိ ပုညာနိ, တေဟိ မာ ဘာယိတ္ထ, မာ ဘယံ သန္တာသံ အာပဇ္ဇိတ္ထ. ဧကစ္စဿ ဒိဋ္ဌဓမ္မသုခဿ ဥပရောဓဘယေန သမ္ပရာယိကနိဗ္ဗာနသုခဒါယကေဟိ ပုညေဟိ မာ ဘာယိတ္ထာတိ. နိဿက္ကေ ဣဒံ သာမိဝစနံ.

62. In the ninth sutta: 'Monks, do not fear merits' (Itivuttaka Commentary 62). Here, 'mā' is a prohibitive particle. The word 'puñña' (merit) occurs in the sense of the fruit of merit in passages like 'Monks, because of undertaking wholesome qualities, this merit grows' (Dīgha Nikāya 3.80). In statements such as 'Monks, this person, bound by ignorance, generates a meritorious formation' (Saṃyutta Nikāya 2.51), it pertains to wholesome conduct in the sensual and fine-material realms. In expressions like 'Consciousness goes to merit' (Saṃyutta Nikāya 2.51), it denotes a superior rebirth, which is a special kind of existence. In passages such as 'Monks, there are these three bases of meritorious action: the basis of meritorious action consisting of giving, the basis of meritorious action consisting of virtue, and the basis of meritorious action consisting of mental development' (Itivuttaka 60; Dīgha Nikāya 3.305; Aṅguttara Nikāya 8.36), it signifies wholesome volition. Here, however, it should be understood as wholesome qualities pertaining to the three realms. 'Do not fear' (bhāyittha). Here, fear is of two kinds: fear arising from knowledge and fear arising from agitation. Regarding the first, the fear arising from knowledge is found in the passage: 'Monks, even those gods who are long-lived, beautiful, and abundant in happiness, long-abiding in lofty mansions, upon hearing the Tathāgata’s teaching of the Dhamma, for the most part experience fear, a sense of urgency, and terror' (Aṅguttara Nikāya 4.33). The fear arising from agitation is found in passages like: 'There was indeed fear, there was trembling, there was hair-raising horror' (Dīgha Nikāya 2.318). Here, too, it is specifically fear arising from agitation. The meaning here is this: Monks, do not fear, do not be alarmed or terrified by those merits that a monk must continuously cultivate—such as long-term restraint of body and speech, the fulfillment of duties and observances, solitary sitting and solitary sleeping, restraint of the senses, control of the mind through ascetic practices, mindfulness and clear comprehension, and the rousing of energy through application to meditation subjects. Do not fear those merits which bestow the happiness of the future life and Nibbāna, out of fear that they might obstruct the happiness of the present life for someone. This is the Master's own utterance.

ဣဒါနိ တတော အဘာယိတဗ္ဗဘာဝေ ကာရဏံ ဒဿေန္တော ‘‘သုခဿေတ’’န္တိအာဒိမာဟ. တတ္ထ သုခ-သဒ္ဒေါ ‘‘သုခေါ ဗုဒ္ဓါနမုပ္ပာဒေါ, သုခါ ဝိရာဂတာ လောကေ’’တိအာဒီသု (ဓ. ပ. ၁၉၄) သုခမူလေ အာဂတော. ‘‘ယသ္မာ စ ခေါ, မဟာလိ, ရူပံ သုခံ သုခါနုပတိတံ သုခါဝက္ကန္တ’’န္တိအာဒီသု (သံ. နိ. ၃.၆၀) သုခါရမ္မဏေ. ‘‘ယာဝဉ္စိဒံ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, န သုကရံ အက္ခာနေန ပါပုဏိတုံ ယာဝ သုခါ သဂ္ဂါ’’တိအာဒီသု (မ. နိ. ၃.၂၅၅) သုခပစ္စယဋ္ဌာနေ. ‘‘သုခေါ ပုညဿ ဥစ္စယော’’တိအာဒီသု (ဓ. ပ. ၁၁၈) သုခဟေတုမှိ. ‘‘ဒိဋ္ဌဓမ္မသုခဝိဟာရာ ဧတေ ဓမ္မာ’’တိအာဒီသု (မ. နိ. ၁.၈၂) အဗျာပဇ္ဇေ. ‘‘နိဗ္ဗာနံ ပရမံ သုခ’’န္တိအာဒီသု (မ. နိ. ၂.၂၁၅; ဓ. ပ. ၂၀၃, ၂၀၄) နိဗ္ဗာနေ. ‘‘သုခဿ စ ပဟာနာ’’တိအာဒီသု (ဒီ. နိ. ၁.၂၃၂; မ. နိ. ၁.၂၇၁; သံ. နိ. ၂.၁၅၂) သုခဝေဒနာယံ. ‘‘အဒုက္ခမသုခံ သန္တံ, သုခမိစ္စေဝ ဘာသိတ’’န္တိအာဒီသု (သံ. နိ. ၄.၂၅၃; ဣတိဝု. ၅၃) ဥပေက္ခာဝေဒနာယံ. ‘‘ဒွေပိ [Pg.182] မယာ, အာနန္ဒ, ဝေဒနာ ဝုတ္တာ ပရိယာယေန သုခါ ဝေဒနာ ဒုက္ခာ ဝေဒနာ’’တိအာဒီသု (မ. နိ. ၂.၈၉) ဣဋ္ဌသုခေသု. ‘‘သုခေါ ဝိပါကော ပုညာန’’န္တိအာဒီသု (ပေဋကော. ၂၃) ဣဋ္ဌဝိပါကေ. ဣဓာပိ ဣဋ္ဌဝိပါကေ ဧဝ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗော. ဣဋ္ဌဿာတိအာဒီသု ဣစ္ဆိတဗ္ဗတော စေဝ အနိဋ္ဌပ္ပဋိပက္ခတော စ ဣဋ္ဌဿ. ကမနီယတော မနသ္မိဉ္စ ကမနတော ပဝိသနတော ကန္တဿ. ပိယာယိတဗ္ဗတော သန္တပ္ပနတော စ ပိယဿ. မနနီယတော မနဿ ဝဍ္ဎနတော စ မနာပဿာတိ အတ္ထော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. ယဒိဒံ ပုညာနီတိ ပုညာနီတိ ယဒိဒံ ဝစနံ, ဧတံ သုခဿ ဣဋ္ဌဿ ဝိပါကဿ အဓိဝစနံ နာမံ. သုခဿေတံ ယဒိဒံ ပုညာနီတိ ဖလေန ကာရဏဿ အဘေဒေါပစာရံ ဝဒတိ. တေန ကတူပစိတာနံ ပုညာနံ အဝဿံဘာဝိဖလံ သုတွာ အပ္ပမတ္တေန သက္ကစ္စံ ပုညာနိ ကတ္တဗ္ဗာနီတိ ပုညကိရိယာယံ နိယောဇေတိ, အာဒရဉ္စ နေသံ တတ္ထ ဥပ္ပာဒေတိ.

Now, showing the reason why they should not be feared, he begins with “This is a synonym for happiness,” and so on. Herein, the word “sukha” (happiness) occurs in the sense of the root of happiness in passages like “Happy is the arising of the Buddhas, happy is dispassion in the world” (Dhammapada 194). In “Because, Mahāli, form is pleasant, associated with pleasure, inclined to pleasure” (Saṃyutta Nikāya 3.60), it refers to a pleasant object. In “Even up to this point, monks, it is not easy to attain by description how pleasant the heavens are” (Majjhima Nikāya 3.255), it refers to a condition of happiness. In “Happy is the accumulation of merit” (Dhammapada 118), it refers to the cause of happiness. In “These states are the blissful abiding in the present life” (Majjhima Nikāya 1.82), it refers to non-affliction. In “Nibbāna is the highest bliss” (Majjhima Nikāya 2.215; Dhammapada 203, 204), it refers to Nibbāna. In “And the abandoning of pleasure” (Dīgha Nikāya 1.232; Majjhima Nikāya 1.271; Saṃyutta Nikāya 2.152), it refers to pleasant feeling. In “Neither-painful-nor-pleasant, peaceful, yet called pleasant” (Saṃyutta Nikāya 4.253; Itivuttaka 53), it refers to equanimous feeling. In “I have spoken, Ānanda, of two kinds of feeling in a way: pleasant feeling and painful feeling” (Majjhima Nikāya 2.89), it refers to desirable pleasures. In “Happy is the result of merits” (Peṭakopadesa 23), it refers to desirable results. Here too, it should be understood as referring to desirable results. In “desirable” (iṭṭhassa), it means what is wished for and what is the opposite of the undesirable. In “charming” (kantassa), it means what is delightful and what enters the mind pleasingly. In “dear” (piyassa), it means what is to be cherished and what satisfies. In “agreeable” (manāpassa), it should be understood to mean what is mentally delightful and what increases the mind’s joy. The phrase “that is, merits” (yadidaṃ puññāni)—this utterance is a designation, a name, for the desirable result which is happiness. By “This is a synonym for happiness, that is, merits,” he speaks with a figurative expression of non-difference, identifying the cause with its fruit. Thereby, having heard of the inevitable fruit of merits that have been performed and accumulated, he enjoins one to perform meritorious deeds diligently and respectfully, and he inspires reverence for them therein.

ဣဒါနိ အတ္တနာ သုနေတ္တကာလေ ကတေန ပုညကမ္မေန ဒီဃရတ္တံ ပစ္စနုဘူတံ ဘဝန္တရပ္ပဋိစ္ဆန္နံ ဥဠာရတရံ ပုညဝိပါကံ ဥဒါဟရိတွာ တမတ္ထံ ပါကဋတရံ ကရောန္တော ‘‘အဘိဇာနာမိ ခေါ ပနာဟ’’န္တိအာဒိမာဟ. တတ္ထ အဘိဇာနာမီတိ အဘိဝိသိဋ္ဌေန ဉာဏေန ဇာနာမိ, ပစ္စက္ခတော ဗုဇ္ဈာမိ. ဒီဃရတ္တန္တိ စိရကာလံ. ပုညာနန္တိ ဒါနာဒီနံ ကုသလဓမ္မာနံ. သတ္တ ဝဿာနီတိ သတ္တ သံဝစ္ဆရာနိ. မေတ္တစိတ္တန္တိ မိဇ္ဇတီတိ မေတ္တာ, သိနိယှတီတိ အတ္ထော. မိတ္တေ ဘဝါ, မိတ္တဿ ဝါ ဧသာ ပဝတ္တီတိပိ မေတ္တာ. လက္ခဏာဒိတော ပန ဟိတာကာရပ္ပဝတ္တိလက္ခဏာ, ဟိတူပသံဟာရရသာ, အာဃာတဝိနယပစ္စုပဋ္ဌာနာ, သတ္တာနံ မနာပဘာဝဒဿနပဒဋ္ဌာနာ. ဗျာပါဒူပသမော ဧတိဿာ သမ္ပတ္တိ, သိနေဟသမ္ဘဝေါ ဝိပတ္တိ. မေတ္တစိတ္တံ ဘာဝေတွာတိ မေတ္တာသဟဂတံ စိတ္တံ, စိတ္တသီသေန သမာဓိ ဝုတ္တောတိ မေတ္တာသမာဓိံ မေတာဗြဟ္မဝိဟာရံ ဥပ္ပာဒေတွာ စေဝ ဝဍ္ဎေတွာ စ.

Now, making that meaning clearer by citing the more excellent fruit of merit—experienced for a long time, hidden by other existences, and due to the meritorious deeds done by himself in the time of Sunetta—he says, “Moreover, I recollect,” and so on. Herein, “I recollect” (abhijānāmi) means I know with distinct knowledge, I understand directly. “For a long time” (dīgharattaṃ) means for a long period. “Merits” (puññāni) refers to wholesome qualities such as generosity. “Seven years” (satta vassāni) means seven full years. “A mind of loving-kindness” (mettācittaṃ): mettā is so called because it is gentle (mijjati), meaning it endears (siniyhati). Mettā also means that it occurs in a friend, or it is the behavior of a friend. But from the perspective of its characteristics, it has the characteristic of promoting welfare, the function of bringing about benefit, the manifestation of the subsidence of aversion, and the proximate cause of seeing beings as agreeable. The subduing of ill-will is its accomplishment, while the arising of affection is its failure. “Having developed a mind of loving-kindness” (mettācittaṃ bhāvetvā) means having cultivated a mind accompanied by loving-kindness; since concentration is spoken of under the heading of 'mind,' it means having developed and increased the concentration of loving-kindness, the divine abiding of loving-kindness.

သတ္တ သံဝဋ္ဋဝိဝဋ္ဋကပ္ပေတိ သတ္တ မဟာကပ္ပေ. သံဝဋ္ဋဝိဝဋ္ဋဂ္ဂဟဏေနေဝ ဟိ သံဝဋ္ဋဋ္ဌာယိဝိဝဋ္ဋဋ္ဌာယိနောပိ ဂဟိတာ. ဣမံ လောကန္တိ ကာမလောကံ. သံဝဋ္ဋမာနေ သုဒန္တိ သံဝဋ္ဋမာနေ, သုဒန္တိ နိပါတမတ္တံ, ဝိပဇ္ဇမာနေတိ အတ္ထော. ‘‘ဝရသံဝတ္တဋ္ဌာနေ သုဒ’’န္တိပိ ပဌန္တိ. ကပ္ပေတိ ကာလေ. ကပ္ပသီသေန ဟိ ကာလော ဝုတ္တော, ကာလေ ခီယမာနေ သဗ္ဗောပိ ခီယတေဝ. ယထာဟ – ‘‘ကာလော [Pg.183] ဃသတိ ဘူတာနိ, သဗ္ဗာနေဝ သဟတ္တနာ’’တိ (ဇာ. ၁.၂.၁၉၀). ‘‘အာဘဿရူပဂေါ ဟောမီ’’တိ ဝုတ္တတ္တာ တေဇောသံဝဋ္ဋဝသေနေတ္ထ ကပ္ပဝုဋ္ဌာနံ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ. အာဘဿရူပဂေါတိ တတ္ထ ပဋိသန္ဓိဂ္ဂဟဏဝသေန အာဘဿရဗြဟ္မလောကံ ဥပဂစ္ဆာမီတိ အာဘဿရူပဂေါ ဟောမိ. ဝိဝဋ္ဋမာနေတိ သဏ္ဌဟမာနေတိ အတ္ထော. သုညံ ဗြဟ္မဝိမာနံ ဥပပဇ္ဇာမီတိ ကဿစိ သတ္တဿ တတ္ထ နိဗ္ဗတ္တဿ အဘာဝတော သုညံ ယံ ပဌမဇ္ဈာနဘူမိသင်္ခါတံ ဗြဟ္မဝိမာနံ အာဒိတော နိဗ္ဗတ္တတိ, တံ ပဋိသန္ဓိဂ္ဂဟဏဝသေန ဥပပဇ္ဇာမိ ဥပေမိ.

“Seven eons of contraction and expansion” means seven great eons. By the term “contraction and expansion,” the periods of abiding in contraction and abiding in expansion are also included. “This world” refers to the sensual realm. “During contraction, indeed” means during contraction; sudaṃ is only a particle, meaning when it is being destroyed. Some read it as “during the excellent period of contraction, indeed.” “In the eon” (kappe) means in time. For time is spoken of under the heading of eons, and when time is exhausted, everything is exhausted. As it is said: “Time devours all beings, including itself” (Jā 1.2.190). Since it is said, “I become one who has gone to the Ābhassara realm,” here the emergence from the eon should be understood as occurring by way of the contraction by fire. “I become one who has gone to the Ābhassara realm” means I go to the Ābhassara Brahmā-world by way of taking rebirth there. “During expansion” means during the process of formation. “I am reborn in an empty Brahmā mansion” means that because no being had been born there, I am reborn, I go by way of taking rebirth, into the empty Brahmā mansion known as the plane of the first jhāna, which arises at the beginning.

ဗြဟ္မာတိ ကာမာဝစရသတ္တေဟိ ဝိသိဋ္ဌဋ္ဌေန တထာ တထာ ဗြူဟိတဂုဏတာယ ဗြဟ္မဝိဟာရတော နိဗ္ဗတ္တနဋ္ဌေန စ ဗြဟ္မာ. ဗြဟ္မပါရိသဇ္ဇဗြဟ္မပုရောဟိတေဟိ မဟန္တော ဗြဟ္မာတိ မဟာဗြဟ္မာ, တတော ဧဝ တေ အဘိဘဝိတွာ ဌိတတ္တာ အဘိဘူ. တေဟိ န ကေနစိပိ ဂုဏေန အဘိဘူတောတိ အနဘိဘူတော. အညဒတ္ထူတိ ဧကံသဝစနေ နိပါတော. ဒဿနတော ဒသော, အတီတာနာဂတပစ္စုပ္ပန္နာနံ ဒဿနသမတ္ထော အဘိညာဉာဏေန ပဿိတဗ္ဗံ ပဿာမီတိ အတ္ထော. သေသဗြဟ္မာနံ ဣဒ္ဓိပါဒဘာဝနာဗလေန အတ္တနော စိတ္တဉ္စ မမ ဝသေ ဝတ္တေမီတိ ဝသဝတ္တီ ဟောမီတိ ယောဇေတဗ္ဗံ. တဒါ ကိရ ဗောဓိသတ္တော အဋ္ဌသမာပတ္တိလာဘီပိ သမာနော တထာ သတ္တဟိတံ အတ္တနော ပါရမိပူရဏဉ္စ ဩလောကေန္တော တာသု ဧဝ ဒွီသု ဈာနဘူမီသု နိကန္တိ ဥပ္ပာဒေတွာ မေတ္တာဗြဟ္မဝိဟာရဝသေန အပရာပရံ သံသရိ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘သတ္တ ဝဿာနိ…ပေ… ဝသဝတ္တီ’’တိ.

Brahmā is so called because he is distinguished by an eminent state from beings in the realm of desire, because he possesses augmented virtues, and because of his arising from the divine abidings. Greater than the Brahmā's retinue and the Brahmā's ministers, he is called Mahābrahmā, and because he stands having overcome them, he is the Overcomer. He is unconquered because he is not overcome by any of them in virtue. “Indeed” (aññadatthu) is a particle with an emphatic meaning. The meaning of 'seer' (daso), from 'seeing,' is: 'I am capable of seeing the past, future, and present; with the knowledge of direct experience, I see what is to be seen.' The phrase 'I become a master of will' (vasavattī) should be construed as follows: 'By the power of developing the bases of psychic power, I make my own mind subject to my will and have mastery over the other Brahmās.' At that time, it is said, the Bodhisatta, even though possessing the eight attainments, contemplating both the welfare of beings and the fulfillment of his own perfections, repeatedly transmigrated by means of the divine abiding of loving-kindness, developing delight in those two jhāna planes. Therefore it is said, “For seven years... a master of will.”

ဧဝံ ဘဂဝါ ရူပါဝစရပုညဿ ဝိပါကမဟန္တတံ ပကာသေတွာ ဣဒါနိ ကာမာဝစရပုညဿပိ ဝိပါကံ ဒဿေန္တော ‘‘ဆတ္တိံသက္ခတ္တု’’န္တိအာဒိမာဟ. တတ္ထ သက္ကော အဟောသိန္တိ ဆတ္တိံသက္ခတ္တုံ ဆတ္တိံသဝါရေ အညတ္ထ အနုပပဇ္ဇိတွာ နိရန္တရံ သက္ကော ဒေဝါနမိန္ဒော တာဝတိံသဒေဝရာဇာ အဟောသိံ. ရာဇာ အဟောသိန္တိအာဒီသု စတူဟိ အစ္ဆရိယဓမ္မေဟိ စတူဟိ သင်္ဂဟဝတ္ထူဟိ စ လောကံ ရဉ္ဇေတီတိ ရာဇာ. စက္ကရတနံ ဝတ္တေတိ, စတူဟိ သမ္ပတ္တိစက္ကေဟိ ဝတ္တတိ, တေဟိ စ ပရံ ဝတ္တေတိ, ပရဟိတာယ စ ဣရိယာပထစက္ကာနံ ဝတ္တော ဧတသ္မိံ အတ္ထီတိ စက္ကဝတ္တီ. ‘‘ရာဇာ’’တိ စေတ္ထ သာမညံ, ‘‘စက္ကဝတ္တီ’’တိ ဝိသေသံ. ဓမ္မေန စရတီတိ ဓမ္မိကော, ဉာယေန သမေန ဝတ္တတီတိ အတ္ထော. ဓမ္မေနေဝ ရဇ္ဇံ လဘိတွာ ရာဇာ ဇာတောတိ ဓမ္မရာဇာ, ဒသဝိဓေ ကုသလဓမ္မေ အဂရဟိတေ စ ရာဇဓမ္မေ နိယုတ္တောတိ ဓမ္မိကော. တေန စ ဓမ္မေန သကလံ [Pg.184] လောကံ ရဉ္ဇေတီတိ ဓမ္မရာဇာ. ပရဟိတဓမ္မကရဏေန ဝါ ဓမ္မိကော, အတ္တဟိတဓမ္မကရဏေန ဓမ္မရာဇာ. ယသ္မာ စက္ကဝတ္တီ ဓမ္မေန ဉာယေန ရဇ္ဇံ အဓိဂစ္ဆတိ, န အဓမ္မေန, တသ္မာ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘ဓမ္မေန လဒ္ဓရဇ္ဇတ္တာ ဓမ္မရာဇာ’’တိ.

Thus, the Blessed One, having shown the greatness of the fruit of form-realm merit, now reveals the fruit of sense-realm merit by saying, “Thirty-six times,” and so on. Herein, “I was Sakka” means that thirty-six times, on thirty-six occasions, without being reborn elsewhere, I was continually Sakka, the king of the devas, the lord of the Tāvatiṃsa devas. In the passages beginning “I was a king,” “king” (rājā) means one who delights (rañjeti) the world with the four marvelous qualities and the four bases of beneficence. He is a wheel-turning monarch (cakkavattī) because he turns the wheel-treasure; he proceeds with the four wheels of prosperity, and with them he causes others to proceed; and the proceeding of the wheels of conduct for the welfare of others exists in him. Here, “king” is general, “wheel-turning monarch” is specific. “Righteous” (dhammiko) means he conducts himself by Dhamma, meaning he acts with fairness and equity. “Righteous king” (dhammarājā) means he obtained kingship by Dhamma and was born a king; “righteous” (dhammiko) because he is devoted to the ten kinds of wholesome conduct and blameless royal duties. And by that righteousness, he delights the whole world—thus, a righteous king. Or, “righteous” because he performs duties for the welfare of others, and “righteous king” because he performs duties for his own welfare. Since the wheel-turning monarch attains kingship by Dhamma, justly, not unrighteously, it is said, “Because he obtained kingship righteously, he is a righteous king.”

စတူသု ဒိသာသု သမုဒ္ဒပရိယောသာနတာယ စာတုရန္တာ နာမ တတ္ထ တတ္ထ ဒီပေ မဟာပထဝီတိ အာဟ ‘‘ပုရတ္ထိမ…ပေ… ဣဿရော’’တိ. ဝိဇိတာဝီတိ ဝိဇေတဗ္ဗဿ ဝိဇိတဝါ, ကာမကောဓာဒိကဿ အဗ္ဘန္တရဿ ပဋိရာဇဘူတဿ ဗာဟိရဿ စ အရိဂဏဿ ဝိဇယီ ဝိဇိနိတွာ ဌိတောတိ အတ္ထော. ကာမံ စက္ကဝတ္တိနော ကေနစိ ယုဒ္ဓံ နာမ နတ္ထိ, ယုဒ္ဓေန ပန သာဓေတဗ္ဗဿ ဝိဇယဿ သိဒ္ဓိယာ ‘‘ဝိဇိတသင်္ဂါမော’’တိ ဝုတ္တံ. ဇနပဒေါ ဝါ စတုဗ္ဗိဓအစ္ဆရိယဓမ္မေန သမန္နာဂတော အသ္မိံ ရာဇိနိ ထာဝရိယံ ကေနစိ အသံဟာရိယံ ဒဠှဘတ္တိဘာဝံ ပတ္တော, ဇနပဒေ ဝါ အတ္တနော ဓမ္မိကာယ ပဋိပတ္တိယာ ထာဝရိယံ ထိရဘာဝံ ပတ္တောတိ ဇနပဒတ္ထာဝရိယပ္ပတ္တော. စဏ္ဍဿ ဟိ ရညော ဗလိဒဏ္ဍာဒီဟိ လောကံ ပီဠယတော မနုဿာ မဇ္ဈိမဇနပဒံ ဆဍ္ဍေတွာ ပဗ္ဗတသမုဒ္ဒတီရကန္ဒရာဒီနိ နိဿာယ ပစ္စန္တေ ဝါသံ ကပ္ပေန္တိ. အတိမုဒုကဿ ရညော စောရေဟိ သာဟသိကဓနဝိလောပပီဠိတာ မနုဿာ ပစ္စန္တံ ပဟာယ ဇနပဒမဇ္ဈေ ဝါသံ ကပ္ပေန္တိ. ဣတိ ဧဝရူပေ ရာဇိနိ ဇနပဒေါ ထိရဘာဝံ န ပါပုဏာတိ.

Because it is bounded by the ocean in the four directions, it is called 'Cāturanta.' The phrase 'the great earth on islands here and there' refers to the passage 'eastern... lord.' 'Vijitāvī' means one who has conquered what should be conquered—both the inner enemy, such as lust and anger, and the outer enemy, the hostile forces. Having conquered and remained steadfast is the meaning. Indeed, for a wheel-turning monarch, there is no battle; however, to signify the accomplishment of conquest that could be achieved through war, it is said, “victorious in battle.” Or, the populace, endowed with the four marvelous qualities, under this ruler attains stability—unshakable and unassailable by anyone, having attained a strong bond of devotion. Or, through the ruler’s righteous conduct, the populace attains stability, a state of firmness in the kingdom. For when a cruel king oppresses the world with taxes and punishments, people abandon the central lands and, relying on mountains, seacoasts, caves, and the like, make their dwellings in outlying districts. When a king is excessively lenient, people, harassed by thieves and violent plunder, abandon the borders and settle in the heart of the kingdom. Thus, under such rulers, the kingdom does not attain stability.

သတ္တရတနသမန္နာဂတောတိ စက္ကရတနာဒီဟိ သတ္တဟိ ရတနေဟိ သမုပေတော. တေသု ဟိ ရာဇာ စက္ကဝတ္တီ စက္ကရတနေန အဇိတံ ဇိနာတိ, ဟတ္ထိအဿရတနေဟိ ဝိဇိတေ သုခေနေဝ အနုဝိစရတိ, ပရိဏာယကရတနေန ဝိဇိတမနုရက္ခတိ, အဝသေသေဟိ ဥပဘောဂသုခမနုဘဝတိ. ပဌမေန စဿ ဥဿာဟသတ္တိယောဂေါ, ပစ္ဆိမေန မန္တသတ္တိယောဂေါ, ဟတ္ထိအဿဂဟပတိရတနေဟိ ပဘုသတ္တိယောဂေါ သုပရိပုဏ္ဏော ဟောတိ. ဣတ္ထိမဏိရတနေဟိ ဥပဘောဂသုခမနုဘဝတိ, သေသေဟိ ဣဿရိယသုခံ. ဝိသေသတော စဿ ပုရိမာနိ တီဏိ အဒေါသကုသလမူလဇနိတကမ္မာနုဘာဝေန သမ္ပဇ္ဇန္တိ, မဇ္ဈိမာနိ အလောဘကုသလမူလဇနိတကမ္မာနုဘာဝေန, ပစ္ဆိမမေကံ အမောဟကုသလမူလဇနိတကမ္မာနုဘာဝေနာတိ.

Endowed with the seven treasures: equipped with the seven treasures such as the wheel-treasure. For indeed, a wheel-turning monarch conquers the unconquered with the wheel-treasure, roams the conquered territory with ease through the elephant- and horse-treasures, protects the conquered territory with the counselor-treasure, and experiences the pleasure of enjoyment with the remaining treasures. With the first, he is connected with the power of effort; with the last, he is connected with the power of counsel; with the elephant-, horse-, and householder-treasures, the power of his lordship is fully complete. With the woman-treasure and jewel-treasure, he experiences the pleasure of enjoyment; with the rest, the pleasure of sovereignty. Specifically, the first three arise from the power of deeds born of the wholesome root of non-aversion, the middle three from the power of deeds born of the wholesome root of non-greed, and the last one from the power of deeds born of the wholesome root of non-delusion.

သူရာတိ သတ္တိဝန္တော, နိဗ္ဘယာတိ အတ္ထောတိ အာဟ ‘‘အဘီရုနော’’တိ. အင်္ဂန္တိ ကာရဏံ. ယေန ကာရဏေန ‘‘ဝီရာ’’တိ ဝုစ္စေယျုံ, တံ ဝီရင်္ဂံ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဝီရိယဿေတံ နာမ’’န္တိ. ယာဝ စက္ကဝါဠပဗ္ဗတာ စက္ကဿ ဝတ္တနတော ‘‘စက္ကဝါဠပဗ္ဗတံ သီမံ ကတွာ ဌိတသမုဒ္ဒပရိယန္တ’’န္တိ ဝုတ္တံ. အဒဏ္ဍေနာတိ ဣမိနာ ဓနဒဏ္ဍဿ သရီရဒဏ္ဍဿ စ အကရဏံ ဝုတ္တံ. အသတ္ထေနာတိ ဣမိနာ [Pg.185] ပန သေနာယ ယုဇ္ဈနဿာတိ တဒုဘယံ ဒဿေတုံ ‘‘န ဒဏ္ဍေနာ’’တိအာဒိ ဝုတ္တံ. ဣဒံ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ – ယေ ကတာပရာဓေ သတ္တေ သတမ္ပိ သဟဿမ္ပိ ဂဏှန္တိ, တေ ဓနဒဏ္ဍေန ရဇ္ဇံ ကာရေန္တိ. ယေ ဆေဇ္ဇဘေဇ္ဇံ အနုသာသန္တိ, တေ သတ္ထဒဏ္ဍေန. အဟံ ပန ဒုဝိဓမ္ပိ ဒဏ္ဍံ ပဟာယ အဒဏ္ဍေန အဇ္ဈာဝသိံ. ယေ ဧကတောဓာရာဒိနာ သတ္ထေန ပရံ ဝိဟေဌေန္တိ, တေ သတ္ထေန ရဇ္ဇံ ကာရေန္တိ နာမ. အဟံ ပန သတ္ထေန ခုဒ္ဒကမက္ခိကာယ ပိဝနမတ္တမ္ပိ လောဟိတံ ကဿစိ အနုပ္ပာဒေတွာ ဓမ္မေနေဝ ‘‘ဧဟိ ခေါ, မဟာရာဇာ’’တိ ဧဝံ ပဋိရာဇူဟိ သမ္ပဋိစ္ဆိတာဂမနော ဝုတ္တပ္ပကာရံ ပထဝိံ အဘိဇိနိတွာ အဇ္ဈာဝသိံ, အဘိဝိဇိနိတွာ သာမီ ဟုတွာ ဝသိန္တိ.

`Sūra` means powerful; the meaning is 'without fear,' hence it is said, 'fearless.' `Aṅga` means cause. That which is the cause for beings to be called 'heroes' is the attribute of a hero. Therefore, it is said, “This is a term for energy.” It is said, “Having made the Cakkavāḷa mountain the boundary, and up to the limits of the ocean,” because the wheel turns as far as the Cakkavāḷa mountain. “Without a rod” means not using the rod of wealth or the rod of bodily punishment. But “without a weapon” shows that there is no fighting with an army, and to show both, it is said, “not with a rod,” etc. This is what is meant: Those who, when offenses are committed, seize even a hundred or a thousand beings, rule with the rod of wealth. Those who enforce punishments like cutting and piercing rule with the rod of the sword. But I, having abandoned both kinds of rods, dwell without a rod. Those who oppress others with weapons such as single-edged swords rule with the sword. But I, without causing even a drop of blood as small as a gnat’s sip to arise in anyone, righteously conquered the earth in the manner described, saying, “Come, great king,” and having received the submission of rival kings, I dwelt having thoroughly conquered, dwelling as its master.

ဣတိ ဘဂဝါ အတ္တာနံ ကာယသက္ခိံ ကတွာ ပုညာနံ ဝိပါကမဟန္တတံ ပကာသေတွာ ဣဒါနိ တမေဝတ္ထံ ဂါထာဗန္ဓနေန ဒဿေန္တော ‘‘ပဿ, ပုညာနံ ဝိပါက’’န္တိအာဒိမာဟ. သုခေသိနောတိ အာလပနဝစနမေတံ, တေန သုခပရိယေသကေ သတ္တေ အာမန္တေတိ. ပါဠိယံ ပန ‘‘ပဿထာ’’တိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗေ ‘‘ပဿာ’’တိ ဝစနဗျတ္တယော ကတောတိ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗော. မနုဿာနံ ဥရေ သတ္ထံ ဌပေတွာ ဣစ္ဆိတဓနဟရဏာဒိနာ ဝါ သာဟသကာရိတာယ သာဟသိကာ, တေသံ ကမ္မံ သာဟသိကကမ္မံ. ပထဝိယာ ဣဿရော ပထဗျောတိ အာဟ ‘‘ပုထဝိသာမိကော’’တိ.

Thus, the Blessed One, having made himself a bodily witness, revealed the greatness of the result of merits, and now showing that very meaning through verse, he said, “See, the result of merits,” and so on. “O seekers of happiness”—this is a term of address; with it, he addresses beings who seek happiness. In the Pāli, though “passathā” should be said, “passa” is used as a change of expression—this should be noted. Those who, placing a weapon at the chest of humans, commit violent acts such as forcibly taking desired wealth—they are reckless, and their actions are reckless actions. `Pathabyo` means 'lord of the earth'; he is called `puthavisāmiko`.

မေတ္တသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Metta Sutta is concluded.

၁၀. ဘရိယာသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

10. The Commentary on the Bhariyā Sutta

၆၃. ဒသမေ ဥစ္စာသဒ္ဒါ မဟာသဒ္ဒါ ဥဒ္ဓံ ဥဂ္ဂတတ္တာ ဥစ္စံ ပတ္ထဋတ္တာ မဟန္တံ အဝိနိဗ္ဘောဂံ ဝိနိဘုဉ္ဇိတွာ ဂဟေတုံ အသက္ကုဏေယျံ သဒ္ဒံ ကရောန္တာ ဝဒန္တိ. ဝစီဃောသောပိ ဟိ ဗဟူဟိ ဧကဇ္ဈံ ပဝတ္တိတော အတ္ထတော စ သဒ္ဒတော စ ဒုရဝဗောဓော ကေဝလံ မဟာနိဂ္ဃောသော ဧဝ ဟုတွာ သောတပထမာဂစ္ဆတိ. မစ္ဆဝိလောပေတိ မစ္ဆေ ဝိလုမ္ပိတွာ ဝိယ ဂဟဏေ, မစ္ဆာနံ ဝါ ဝိလုမ္ပနေ. ကေဝဋ္ဋာနဉှိ မစ္ဆပစ္ဆိဋ္ဌပိတဋ္ဌာနေ မဟာဇနော သန္နိပတိတွာ ‘‘ဣဓ အညံ ဧကံ မစ္ဆံ ဒေဟိ, ဧကံ မစ္ဆဖာလံ ဒေဟိ, ဧတဿ တေ မဟာ ဒိန္နော, မယှံ ခုဒ္ဒကော’’တိ ဧဝံ ဥစ္စာသဒ္ဒမဟာသဒ္ဒံ ကရောန္တိ. တံ သန္ဓာယေတံ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘ကေဝဋ္ဋာနံ မစ္ဆပစ္ဆိံ ဩတာရေတွာ ဌိတဋ္ဌာနေ’’တိ. မစ္ဆဂ္ဂဟဏတ္ထံ ဇာလေ ပက္ခိတ္တေပိ တသ္မိံ ဌာနေ ကေဝဋ္ဋာ စေဝ အညေ စ ‘‘ပဝိဋ္ဌော န ပဝိဋ္ဌော[Pg.186], ဂဟိတော န ဂဟိတော’’တိ မဟာသဒ္ဒံ ကရောန္တိ. တံ သန္ဓာယေတံ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘ဇာလေ ဝါ…ပေ… မဟာသဒ္ဒေါ ဟောတီ’’တိ. ကတ္တဗ္ဗဝတ္တန္တိ ပါဒပရိကမ္မာဒိကတ္တဗ္ဗကိစ္စံ. ခရာတိ စိတ္တေန ဝါစာယ စ ကက္ခဠာ. သေသမေတ္ထ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

63. In the tenth, `uccāsaddā mahāsaddā` means they speak making a sound that is 'high' because it has risen up and 'great' because it is spread out, a vast sound that is indistinguishable and impossible to grasp by analyzing it. For even the clamor of speech, when produced by many together, becomes difficult to understand in meaning and sound, becoming merely a great confused noise that reaches the ear. 'Macchavilope' means at the capture, which is like a plundering of fish, or at the plundering of fish. For in the place where fishermen have set down their fish baskets, a great crowd gathers and shouts loudly: 'Give me another fish here! Give me a piece of fish! This one of yours is big; mine is small!'—thus making a loud and great noise. This is said with reference to 'in the place where the fishermen have lowered their fish baskets.' Even when a net is cast to catch fish, both the fishermen and others standing there make a great noise, saying: 'It's in! It's not in! It's caught! It's not caught!' This is said with reference to 'or when a net… a great noise arises.' 'Kattabbavattaṃ' means the duty to be done, such as attending to the feet, and so on. 'Kharā' means harsh in mind and speech. The rest here is clear.

ဘရိယာသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Bhariyā Sutta is concluded.

၁၁. ကောဓနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

11. The Commentary on the Kodhana Sutta

၆၄. ဧကာဒသမေ သပတ္တကရဏာတိ ဝါ သပတ္တေဟိ ကာတဗ္ဗာ. ကောဓနန္တိ ကုဇ္ဈနသီလံ. ကောဓနောယန္တိ ကုဇ္ဈနော အယံ. အယန္တိ စ နိပါတမတ္တံ. ကောဓပရေတောတိ ကောဓေန အနုဂတော, ပရာဘိဘူတော ဝါ. ဒုဗ္ဗဏ္ဏောဝ ဟောတီတိ ပကတိယာ ဝဏ္ဏဝါပိ အလင်္ကတပ္ပဋိယတ္တောပိ မုခဝိကာရာဒိဝသေန ဝိရူပေါ ဧဝ ဟောတိ. ဧတရဟိ အာယတိဉ္စာတိ ကောဓာဘိဘူတဿ ဧကန္တမိဒံ ဖလန္တိ ဒီပေတုံ ‘‘ဒုဗ္ဗဏ္ဏောဝါ’’တိ အဝဓာရဏံ ကတွာ ပုန ‘‘ကောဓာဘိဘူတော’’တိ ဝုတ္တံ.

64. In the eleventh, `sapattakaraṇā` means 'or to be done by enemies.' `Kodhanaṃ` means 'of an angry nature.' `Kodhanoyaṃ` means 'this one is angry.' And `ayaṃ` is merely a particle. `Kodhaparetoti` means one overcome by anger, or dominated by it. `Dubbaṇṇo va hotīti` means even if naturally beautiful or well-adorned, due to facial distortions and the like, one becomes ugly. To show that this is exclusively the result for one overcome by anger both now and in the future, after emphasizing with 'dubbaṇṇo vā,' it is further stated as 'kodhābhibhūto.'

အယသဘာဝန္တိ အကိတ္တိမဘာဝံ. အတ္တနော ပရေသဉ္စ အနတ္ထံ ဇနေတီတိ အနတ္ထဇနနော. အန္တရတောတိ အဗ္ဘန္တရတော, စိတ္တတော ဝါ. တံ ဇနော နာဝဗုဇ္ဈတီတိ ကောဓသင်္ခါတံ အန္တရတော အဗ္ဘန္တရေ အတ္တနော စိတ္တေယေဝ ဇာတံ အနတ္ထဇနနစိတ္တပ္ပကောပနာဒိဘယံ ဘယဟေတုံ အယံ ဗာလမဟာဇနော န ဇာနာတိ. ယန္တိ ယတ္ထ. ဘုမ္မတ္ထေ ဟိ ဧတံ ပစ္စတ္တဝစနံ. ယသ္မိံ ကာလေ ကောဓော သဟတေ နရံ, အန္ဓတမံ တဒါ ဟောတီတိ သမ္ဗန္ဓော. ယန္တိ ဝါ ကာရဏဝစနံ, ယသ္မာ ကောဓော ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇမာနော နရံ သဟတေ အဘိဘဝတိ, တသ္မာ အန္ဓတမံ တဒါ ဟောတိ, ယဒါ ကုဒ္ဓေါတိ အတ္ထော ယံ-တံ-သဒ္ဒါနံ ဧကန္တသမ္ဗန္ဓဘာဝတော. အထ ဝါ ယန္တိ ကိရိယာပရာမသနံ. သဟတေတိ ယဒေတံ ကောဓဿ သဟနံ အဘိဘဝနံ, ဧတံ အန္ဓတမံ ဘဝနန္တိ အတ္ထော. အထ ဝါ ယံ နရံ ကောဓော သဟတေ အဘိဘဝတိ, တဿ အန္ဓတမံ တဒါ ဟောတိ. တတော စ ကုဒ္ဓေါ အတ္ထံ န ဇာနာတိ, ကုဒ္ဓေါ ဓမ္မံ န ပဿတီတိ.

'Ayasabhāvaṃ' means the state of disrepute. 'Attano paresañca anatthaṃ janetīti anatthajanano' means he is a source of harm, generating harm for himself and others. 'Antarato' means internally, or in the mind. 'Taṃ jano nāvabujjhatīti' means this foolish multitude does not know this danger, this cause of fear, which is called anger, arisen within, in one's own mind, generating harm and agitating the mind. 'Yaṃ' means 'where.' In the sense of the locative, this is a singular term. 'Yasmiṃ kāle kodho sahate naraṃ, andhatamaṃ tadā hotīti' is the connection: 'When anger overcomes a man, then there is utter darkness.' 'Yaṃ' can also be a causal term, meaning, 'because anger arises and overwhelms a man, therefore, at that time, there is utter darkness.' The meaning is that when one is angry—this is due to the absolute connection of the words 'yaṃ' and 'tadā'. Alternatively, 'yaṃ' refers to the action. 'Sahateti' means that this overcoming, this subduing by anger, is utter darkness. Or, 'he whom anger overcomes'—for him, there is utter darkness at that time. Consequently, 'an angry man does not know what is beneficial, an angry man does not see the Dhamma.'

ဘူနံ ဝုစ္စတိ ဝုဒ္ဓိ, တဿ ဟနနံ ဃာတော ဧတေသန္တိ ဘူနဟစ္စာနိ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဟတဝုဒ္ဓီနီ’’တိ. ဒမ-သဒ္ဒေန ဝုတ္တမေဝတ္ထံ ဝိဘာဝေတုံ ပညာဝီရိယေန [Pg.187] ဒိဋ္ဌိယာတိ ဝုတ္တန္တိ ဒဿေန္တော ‘‘ကတရေန ဒမေနာ’’တိအာဒိမာဟ. အနေကတ္ထော ဟိ ဒမ-သဒ္ဒေါ. ‘‘သစ္စေန ဒန္တော ဒမသာ ဥပေတော, ဝေဒန္တဂူ ဝုသိတဗြဟ္မစရိယော’’တိ (သံ. နိ. ၁.၁၉၅; သု. နိ. ၄၆၇) ဧတ္ထ ဟိ ဣန္ဒြိယသံဝရော ဒမောတိ ဝုတ္တော ‘‘မနစ္ဆဋ္ဌာနိ ဣန္ဒြိယာနိ ဒမေတီ’’တိ ကတွာ. ‘‘ယဒိ သစ္စာ ဒမာ စာဂါ, ခန္တျာ ဘိယျောဓ ဝိဇ္ဇတီ’’တိ (သံ. နိ. ၁.၂၄၆; သု. နိ. ၁၉၁) ဧတ္ထ ပညာ ဒမော ‘‘သံကိလေသံ ဒမေတိ ပဇဟတီ’’တိ ကတွာ. ‘‘ဒါနေန ဒမေန သံယမေန သစ္စဝဇ္ဇေန အတ္ထိ ပုညံ, အတ္ထိ ပုညဿ အာဂမော’’တိ (သံ. နိ. ၄.၃၆၅) ဧတ္ထ ဥပေါသထကမ္မံ ဒမော ‘‘ဥပဝသနဝသေန ကာယကမ္မာဒီနိ ဒမေတီ’’တိ ကတွာ. ‘‘သက္ခိဿသိ ခေါ တွံ, ပုဏ္ဏ, ဣမိနာ ဒမူပသမေန သမန္နာဂတော သုနာပရန္တသ္မိံ ဇနပဒန္တရေ ဝိဟရိတု’’န္တိ (မ. နိ. ၃.၃၉၆; သံ. နိ. ၄.၈၈) ဧတ္ထ အဓိဝါသနက္ခန္တိ ဒမော ‘‘ကောဓူပနာဟမက္ခာဒိကေ ဒမေတိ ဝိနောဒေတီ’’တိ ကတွာ. ‘‘န မာနကာမဿ ဒမော ဣဓတ္ထိ, န မောနမတ္ထိ အသမာဟိတဿာ’’တိ (သံ. နိ. ၁.၉) ဧတ္ထ အဘိသမ္ဗောဇ္ဈင်္ဂါဒိကော သမာဓိပက္ခိကော ဓမ္မော ဒမော ‘‘ဒမ္မတိ စိတ္တံ ဧတေနာ’’တိ ကတွာ. ဣဓာပိ ‘‘တံ ဒမေန သမုစ္ဆိန္ဒေ, ပညာဝီရိယေန ဒိဋ္ဌိယာ’’တိ ဝစနတော ဒမ-သဒ္ဒေန ပညာဝီရိယဒိဋ္ဌိယော ဝုတ္တာ.

'Bhūnaṃ' is said to be growth; their destruction is 'ghāta'; hence, 'bhūnahaccāni' (destroyers of growth). Therefore, it is said, 'hatavuddhīnī' (destroyers of growth). To clarify the meaning expressed by the word 'dama,' namely, 'through wisdom, energy, and right view,' he says, beginning with 'by which restraint?' For the word 'dama' has multiple meanings. In the passage, 'Restrained by truth, endowed with restraint, skilled in the Vedas, having lived the holy life' (Saṃ. Ni. 1.195; Su. Ni. 467), restraint is said to refer to sense control—'he restrains the six sense faculties.' In the verse, 'If truth, restraint, generosity, and patience exist here in abundance' (Saṃ. Ni. 1.246; Su. Ni. 191), restraint means wisdom—'it restrains and abandons defilements.' In the statement, 'There is merit in giving, restraint, self-control, and truthful speech; there is a source of merit' (Saṃ. Ni. 4.365), restraint refers to the observance of the uposatha—'it restrains bodily actions, etc., through the practice of uposatha.' In the passage, 'Will you be able, Puṇṇa, endowed with this restraint and calm, to dwell in the remote Sunāparanta country?' (Ma. Ni. 3.396; Saṃ. Ni. 4.88), restraint means forbearance—'it restrains and dispels anger, hostility, and resentment.' In the verse, 'For one desirous of pride, there is no restraint here; nor is there silence for the unconcentrated' (Saṃ. Ni. 1.9), restraint refers to the factors of enlightenment and other qualities allied with concentration—'the mind is tamed by this.' Here too, in the statement, 'Cut it off with restraint, with wisdom, energy, and right view,' the term 'dama' is said to refer to wisdom, energy, and right view.

ကောဓနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Kodhana Sutta is concluded.

အဗျာကတဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Chapter of the Unexplained is concluded.

၇. မဟာဝဂ္ဂေါ

7. The Great Division

၁-၂. ဟိရိဩတ္တပ္ပသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

1-2. Commentary on the Hiriottappa Sutta and others

၆၅-၆၆. သတ္တမဿ ပဌမံ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ. ဒုတိယေ တယော သံဝဋ္ဋာတိ အာပေါသံဝဋ္ဋော, တေဇောသံဝဋ္ဋော, ဝါယောသံဝဋ္ဋောတိ တယော သံဝဋ္ဋာ. တိဿော သံဝဋ္ဋသီမာတိ အာဘဿရာ, သုဘကိဏှာ, ဝေဟပ္ဖလာတိ တိဿော သံဝဋ္ဋသီမာ. ယဒါ ဟိ ကပ္ပော တေဇေန သံဝဋ္ဋတိ ဝိနဿတိ, တဒါ အာဘဿရတော ဟေဋ္ဌာ အဂ္ဂိနာ ဍယှတိ. ယဒါ အာပေန သံဝဋ္ဋတိ, တဒါ သုဘကိဏှတော ဟေဋ္ဌာ ဥဒကေန ဝိလီယတိ. ယဒါ ဝါယုနာ သံဝဋ္ဋတိ, တဒါ ဝေဟပ္ဖလတော ဟေဋ္ဌာ ဝါယုနာ ဝိဒ္ဓံသတိ. ဝိတ္ထာရတော ပန သဒါပိ ဧကံ ဗုဒ္ဓက္ခေတ္တံ ဝိနဿတိ. ဗုဒ္ဓက္ခေတ္တံ နာမ တိဝိဓံ ဟောတိ ဇာတိက္ခေတ္တံ အာဏာက္ခေတ္တံ [Pg.188] ဝိသယက္ခေတ္တန္တိ. တတ္ထ ဇာတိက္ခေတ္တံ နာမ ဒသသဟဿစက္ကဝါဠပရိယန္တံ ဟောတိ, ယံ တထာဂတဿ ပဋိသန္ဓိဂဟဏာဒီသု ကမ္ပတိ. အာဏာက္ခေတ္တံ ကောဋိသဟဿစက္ကဝါဠပရိယန္တံ, ယတ္ထ ရတနသုတ္တံ (ခု. ပါ. ၆.၁ အာဒယော; သု. နိ. ၂၂၄ အာဒယော) ခန္ဓပရိတ္တံ (အ. နိ. ၄.၆၇; စူဠဝ. ၂၅၁) ဓဇဂ္ဂပရိတ္တံ (သံ. နိ. ၁.၂၄၉). အာဋာနာဋိယပရိတ္တံ (ဒီ. နိ. ၃.၂၇၅ အာဒယော), မောရပရိတ္တန္တိ (ဇာ. ၁.၂.၁၇-၁၈) ဣမေသံ ပရိတ္တာနံ အာနုဘာဝေါ ဝတ္တတိ. ဝိသယက္ခေတ္တံ အနန္တမပရိမာဏံ, ယံ ‘‘ယာဝတာ ဝါ ပန အာကင်္ခေယျာ’’တိ ဝုတ္တံ. ဧဝမေတေသု တီသု ဗုဒ္ဓက္ခေတ္တေသု ဧကံ အာဏာက္ခေတ္တံ ဝိနဿတိ. တသ္မိံ ပန ဝိနဿန္တေ ဇာတိက္ခေတ္တံ ဝိနဋ္ဌမေဝ ဟောတိ. ဝိနဿန္တဉ္စ ဧကတောဝ ဝိနဿတိ, သဏ္ဌဟန္တမ္ပိ ဧကတောဝ သဏ္ဌဟတိ.

65-66. In the seventh, the first is self-evident. In the second, there are three dissolutions: dissolution by water, dissolution by fire, and dissolution by wind—these are the three dissolutions. The three boundaries of dissolution are the Ābhassara, the Subhakiṇha, and the Vehapphala—these are the three boundaries of dissolution. For when the aeon dissolves and perishes by fire, then it is burned by fire from below the Ābhassara. When it dissolves by water, then it is dissolved by water from below the Subhakiṇha. When it dissolves by wind, then it is shattered by wind from below the Vehapphala. In detail, however, at any one time a single Buddha-field is destroyed. A Buddha-field is of three kinds: the birth-field, the command-field, and the range-field. Among these, the birth-field extends to the limit of ten thousand world-systems, which trembles at the Tathāgata’s conception and so on. The command-field extends to the limit of a hundred thousand world-systems, where the power of protective recitations such as the Ratana Sutta, the Khandha Paritta, the Dhajagga Paritta, the Āṭānāṭiya Paritta, and the Mora Paritta prevails. The range-field is endless and immeasurable, as stated: "As far as one might desire." Thus, among these three Buddha-fields, one command-field is destroyed. When it is destroyed, the birth-field is already destroyed. And it is destroyed all at once, and it is re-established all at once.

တီဏိ သံဝဋ္ဋမူလာနီတိ ရာဂဒေါသမောဟသင်္ခါတာနိ တီဏိ သံဝဋ္ဋကာရဏာနိ. ရာဂါဒီသု ဟိ အကုသလမူလေသု ဥဿန္နေသု လောကော ဝိနဿတိ. တထာ ဟိ ရာဂေ ဥဿန္နတရေ အဂ္ဂိနာ ဝိနဿတိ, ဒေါသေ ဥဿန္နတရေ ဥဒကေန, မောဟေ ဥဿန္နတရေ ဝါတေန. ကေစိ ပန ‘‘ဒေါသေ ဥဿန္နတရေ အဂ္ဂိနာ, ရာဂေ ဥဒကေနာ’’တိ ဝဒန္တိ.

The three roots of dissolution are the three causes of dissolution, namely, greed, hatred, and delusion. For when these unwholesome roots become rampant, the world is destroyed. Specifically, when greed is very rampant, it is destroyed by fire; when hatred is very rampant, by water; and when delusion is very rampant, by wind. Some, however, say that when hatred is very rampant, it is destroyed by fire, and when greed is very rampant, by water.

တီဏိ ကောလာဟလာနီတိ ကပ္ပကောလာဟလံ, ဗုဒ္ဓကောလာဟလံ, စက္ကဝတ္တိကောလာဟလန္တိ တီဏိ ကောလာဟလာနိ. တတ္ထ ‘‘ဝဿသတသဟဿမတ္ထကေ ကပ္ပုဋ္ဌာနံ နာမ ဘဝိဿတီ’’တိအာဒိနာ ဒေဝတာဟိ ဥဂ္ဃောသိတသဒ္ဒေါ ကပ္ပကောလာဟလံ နာမ ဟောတိ. ‘‘ဣတော ဝဿသတသဟဿမတ္ထကေ လောကော ဝိနဿိဿတိ, မေတ္တံ, မာရိသာ, ဘာဝေထ ကရုဏံ မုဒိတံ ဥပေက္ခ’’န္တိ မနုဿပထေ ဒေဝတာ ဃောသန္တိယော စရန္တိ. ‘‘ဝဿသဟဿမတ္ထကေ ဗုဒ္ဓေါ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇိဿတီ’’တိ ဗုဒ္ဓကောလာဟလံ နာမ ဟောတိ. ‘‘ဣတော ဝဿသဟဿမတ္ထကေ ဗုဒ္ဓေါ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇိတွာ ဓမ္မာနုဓမ္မပ္ပဋိပန္နော သံဃရတနေန ပရိဝါရိတော ဓမ္မံ ဒေသေန္တော ဝိစရိဿတီ’’တိ ဒေဝတာ ဥဂ္ဃောသန္တိ. ‘‘ဝဿသတမတ္ထကေ ပန စက္ကဝတ္တီ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇိဿတီ’’တိ စက္ကဝတ္တိကောလာဟလံ နာမ ဟောတိ. ‘‘ဣတော ဝဿသတမတ္ထကေ သတ္တရတနသမ္ပန္နော စာတုဒ္ဒီပိဿရော သဟဿပရိဝါရော ဝေဟာသင်္ဂမော စက္ကဝတ္တီ ရာဇာ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇိဿတီ’’တိ ဒေဝတာ ဥဂ္ဃောသန္တိ.

There are three great announcements: the announcement of the aeon, the announcement of the Buddha, and the announcement of the wheel-turning monarch. Among these, the announcement of the aeon is the sound proclaimed by the deities, beginning with, 'At the end of a hundred thousand years, a re-establishment of the aeon will occur.' Deities wander in the path of humans, proclaiming, 'At the end of a hundred thousand years from now, the world will perish. Dear ones, cultivate loving-kindness, compassion, sympathetic joy, and equanimity.' The announcement of the Buddha is the declaration, 'At the end of a thousand years, a Buddha will arise.' The deities proclaim, 'At the end of a thousand years from now, a Buddha will arise and, practicing in accordance with the Dhamma, surrounded by the Sangha jewel, will wander teaching the Dhamma.' The announcement of the wheel-turning monarch is the declaration, 'At the end of a hundred years, a wheel-turning monarch will arise.' The deities proclaim, 'At the end of a hundred years from now, a wheel-turning monarch will arise, endowed with the seven treasures, sovereign of the four continents, surrounded by a thousand followers, traveling through the sky.'

အစိရဋ္ဌေန န ဓုဝါတိ ဥဒကဗုဗ္ဗုဠာဒယော ဝိယ န စိရဋ္ဌာယိတာယ ဓုဝဘာဝရဟိတာ. အဿာသရဟိတာတိ သုပိနကေ ပီတပါနီယံ ဝိယ အနုလိတ္တစန္ဒနံ ဝိယ စ အဿာသဝိရဟိတာ.

'Not permanent' means not lasting long; like water bubbles and so on, because they do not endure for long, they are devoid of a permanent nature. 'Devoid of satisfaction' means devoid of gratification, like drinking water in a dream or like being anointed with sandalwood.

ဥပကပ္ပနမေဃောတိ [Pg.189] ကပ္ပဝိနာသကမေဃံ သန္ဓာယ ဝဒတိ. ယသ္မိဉှိ သမယေ ကပ္ပော အဂ္ဂိနာ နဿတိ, အာဒိတောဝ ကပ္ပဝိနာသကမဟာမေဃော ဥဋ္ဌဟိတွာ ကောဋိသတသဟဿစက္ကဝါဠေ ဧကမဟာဝဿံ ဝဿတိ. မနုဿာ တုဋ္ဌဟဋ္ဌာ သဗ္ဗဗီဇာနိ နီဟရိတွာ ဝပန္တိ. သဿေသု ပန ဂေါခါယိတကမတ္တေသု ဇာတေသု ဂဒြဘရဝံ ရဝန္တော ဧကဗိန္ဒုမ္ပိ န ဝဿတိ, တဒါ ပစ္ဆိန္နံ ပစ္ဆိန္နမေဝ ဝဿံ ဟောတိ. တေနာဟ ‘‘တဒါ နိက္ခန္တဗီဇံ..ပေ… ဧကဗိန္ဒုမ္ပိ ဒေဝေါ န ဝဿတီ’’တိ. ‘‘ဝဿသတသဟဿ အစ္စယေန ကပ္ပဝုဋ္ဌာနံ ဘဝိဿတီ’’တိအာဒိနာ ဒေဝတာဟိ ဝုတ္တဝစနံ သုတွာ ယေဘုယျေန မနုဿာ စ ဘုမ္မဒေဝတာ စ သံဝေဂဇာတာ အညမညံ မုဒုစိတ္တာ ဟုတွာ မေတ္တာဒီနိ ပုညာနီ ကတွာ ဒေဝလောကေ နိဗ္ဗတ္တန္တိ, အဝီစိတော ပဋ္ဌာယ တုစ္ဆော ဟောတီတိ.

The term 'Upakappanamegha' is said in reference to the aeon-destroying cloud. For when the aeon is to be destroyed by fire, at the very beginning the great aeon-destroying cloud arises and pours down a single great rain over a hundred thousand million world-systems. People, delighted and joyful, take out all seeds and sow them. But when the crops have grown only to a height where a cow can eat them, the cloud roars like a donkey, but not even a single drop of rain falls; then the rain is completely cut off. Hence it is said, 'Then the seeds that were brought out... not even a single drop does the sky-god rain.' Hearing the words spoken by the deities, such as, 'After the passing of a hundred thousand years, the re-arising of the aeon will occur,' for the most part humans and earth-dwelling deities, filled with a sense of urgency, become gentle-hearted toward one another, perform meritorious deeds such as loving-kindness, and are reborn in the deva world. From Avīci upwards, it becomes empty.

ပဉ္စ ဗီဇဇာတာနီတိ မူလဗီဇံ ခန္ဓဗီဇံ ဖဠုဗီဇံ အဂ္ဂဗီဇံ ဗီဇဗီဇန္တိ ပဉ္စ ဗီဇာနိ ဇာတာနိ. တတ္ထ မူလဗီဇန္တိ ဝစာ, ဝစတ္တံ, ဟလိဒ္ဒံ, သိင်္ဂိဝေရန္တိ ဧဝမာဒိ. ခန္ဓဗီဇန္တိ အဿတ္ထော, နိဂြောဓောတိ ဧဝမာဒိ. ဖဠုဗီဇန္တိ ဥစ္ဆု, ဝေဠု, နဠောတိ ဧဝမာဒိ. အဂ္ဂဗီဇန္တိ အဇ္ဇုကံ, ဖဏိဇ္ဇကန္တိ ဧဝမာဒိ. ဗီဇဗီဇန္တိ ဝီဟိအာဒိ ပုဗ္ဗဏ္ဏဉ္စေဝ မုဂ္ဂမာသာဒိအပရဏ္ဏဉ္စ. ပစ္စယန္တရသမဝါယေ ဝိသဒိသုပ္ပတ္တိယာ ဝိသေသကာရဏဘာဝတော ရုဟနသမတ္ထေ သာရဖလေ နိရုဠှော ဗီဇ-သဒ္ဒေါ တဒတ္ထသိဒ္ဓိယာ မူလာဒီသုပိ ကေသုစိ ပဝတ္တတီတိ မူလာဒိတော နိဝတ္တနတ္ထံ ဧကေန ဗီဇ-သဒ္ဒေန ဝိသေသေတွာ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘ဗီဇဗီဇ’’န္တိ ‘‘ရူပရူပံ (ဝိသုဒ္ဓိ. ၂.၄၄၉) ဒုက္ခဒုက္ခ’’န္တိ (သံ. နိ. ၄.၃၂၇) ယထာ. ယထာ ဖလပါကပရိယန္တာ ဩသဓိရုက္ခာ ဝေဠုကဒလိအာဒယော.

There are five kinds of seeds: root-seed, stem-seed, joint-seed, tip-seed, and seed-seed. Herein, root-seed refers to things like sweet flag, orris root, turmeric, ginger, and so on. Stem-seed refers to things like the sacred fig, the banyan tree, and so on. Joint-seed refers to things like sugarcane, bamboo, reeds, and so on. Tip-seed refers to things like basil, marjoram, and so on. Seed-seed refers to both early-maturing crops such as rice, and late-maturing crops such as mung beans and other beans. The word 'seed' is established in the sense of the essential part in a fruit that is capable of sprouting, because it is the specific cause for the arising of a dissimilar plant when other conditions converge. To accomplish this meaning, it is also sometimes applied to roots and the like. In order to distinguish it from roots and so on, it is specified with the word 'seed' and called 'seed-seed,' just as in 'form-form' (Visuddhimagga 2.449) and 'suffering-suffering' (Saṃyutta Nikāya 4.327). Just as there are medicinal plants and trees whose life ends with the ripening of their fruit, such as bamboo, plantains, and so on.

ယံ ကဒါစီတိအာဒီသု ယန္တိ နိပါတမတ္တံ. ကဒါစီတိ ကိသ္မိဉ္စိ ကာလေ. ကရဟစီတိ တဿေဝ ဝေဝစနံ. ဒီဃဿ အဒ္ဓုနောတိ ဒီဃဿ ကာလဿ. အစ္စယေနာတိ အတိက္ကမေန. သေသမေတ္ထ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

In 'yaṃ kadāci,' etc., 'yaṃ' is merely a particle. 'Kadāci' means 'at some time.' 'Karahaci' is a synonym for that. 'Dīghassa addhuno' means 'of a long time.' 'Accayena' means 'by the passing of.' The rest here is self-evident.

ဟိရိဩတ္တပ္ပသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Hiriottappa Sutta and others is concluded.

၃. နဂရောပမသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

3. Commentary on the Discourse on the Simile of the City

၆၇. တတိယေ ပစ္စန္တေ ဘဝံ ပစ္စန္တိမံ. ‘‘ရထော သီလပရိက္ခာရော, ဈာနက္ခော စက္ကဝီရိယော’’တိအာဒီသု (သံ. နိ. ၅.၄) ဝိယ အလင်္ကာရဝစနော ပရိက္ခာရသဒ္ဒေါတိ အာဟ ‘‘နဂရာလင်္ကာရေဟိ အလင်္ကတ’’န္တိ. ပရိဝါရဝစနောပိ ဝဋ္ဋတိယေဝ ‘‘သတ္တ သမာဓိပရိက္ခာရာ’’တိအာဒီသု [Pg.190] (ဒီ. နိ. ၃.၃၃၀) ဝိယ. နေမံ ဝုစ္စတိ ထမ္ဘာဒီဟိ အနုပတဘူမိပ္ပဒေသောတိ အာဟ ‘‘ဂမ္ဘီရအာဝါဋာ’’တိ, ဂမ္ဘီရံ ဘူမိံ အနုပ္ပဝိဋ္ဌာတိ အတ္ထော. သုဋ္ဌု သန္နိသီဒါပိတာတိ ဘူမိံ နိခနိတွာ သမ္မဒေဝ ဌပိတာ.

67. In the third section, `paccantimaṃ` means 'being in a border region.' Just as in such passages as, 'The chariot has virtue as its equipment, jhāna as its axle, energy as its wheels' (SN 5.4), the word `parikkhāra` is a term for adornment; thus it is said, 'adorned with the city's adornments.' It is also valid as a term for retinue, as in 'the seven requisites of concentration' (DN 3.330). `Nema` is said to be a region of ground not supported by pillars and so on; thus it is said, 'deep moats,' meaning 'having entered deep into the ground.' 'Well-sunken' means 'having dug into the ground and properly established'.

အနုပရိယာယေတိ ဧတေနာတိ အနုပရိယာယော, သောယေဝ ပထောတိ အနုပရိယာယပထော, ပရိတော ပါကာရဿ အနုယာယမဂ္ဂေါ.

One goes around by means of it, thus it is an `anupariyāya`; that very path is the `anupariyāyapatha`, the path that follows around the rampart.

ဟတ္ထိံ အာရောဟန္တိ အာရောဟာပယန္တိ စာတိ ဟတ္ထာရောဟာ (ဒီ. နိ. ဋီ. ၁.၁၆၃). ယေန ဟိ ပယောဂေန ပုရိသော ဟတ္ထိနော အာရောဟနယောဂ္ဂေါ ဟောတိ, ဟတ္ထိဿ တံ ပယောဂံ ဝိဓာယန္တာနံ သဗ္ဗေသမ္ပေတေသံ ဂဟဏံ. တေနာဟ ‘‘သဗ္ဗေပီ’’တိအာဒိ. တတ္ထ ဟတ္ထာစရိယာ နာမ ယေ ဟတ္ထိနော ဟတ္ထာရောဟကာနဉ္စ သိက္ခာပကာ. ဟတ္ထိဝေဇ္ဇာ နာမ ဟတ္ထိဘိသက္ကာ. ဟတ္ထိဗန္ဓာ နာမ ဟတ္ထီနံ ပါဒရက္ခကာ. အာဒိ-သဒ္ဒေန ဟတ္ထီနံ ယဝပဒါယကာဒိကေ သင်္ဂဏှာတိ. အဿာရောဟာ ရထိကာတိ ဧတ္ထာပိ ဧသေဝ နယော. ရထေ နိယုတ္တာ ရထိကာ. ရထရက္ခာ နာမ ရထဿ အာဏိရက္ခကာ. ဓနုံ ဂဏှန္တိ ဂဏှာပေန္တိ စာတိ ဓနုဂ္ဂဟာ, ဣဿာသာ ဓနုသိပ္ပဿ သိက္ခာပကာ စ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဓနုအာစရိယာ ဣဿာသာ’’တိ. စေလေန စေလပဋာကာယ ယုဒ္ဓေ အကန္တိ ဂစ္ဆန္တီတိ စေလကာတိ အာဟ – ‘‘ယေ ယုဒ္ဓေ ဇယဒ္ဓဇံ ဂဟေတွာ ပုရတော ဂစ္ဆန္တီ’’တိ. ယထာ တထာ ဌိတေ သေနိကေ ဗြူဟကရဏဝသေန တတော တတော စလယန္တိ ဥစ္စာလေန္တီတိ စလကာ. သကုဏဂ္ဃိအာဒယော ဝိယ မံသပိဏ္ဍံ ပရသေနာသမူဟံ သာဟသိကမဟာယောဓတာယ ဆေတွာ ဆေတွာ ဒယန္တိ ဥပ္ပတိတွာ ဂစ္ဆန္တီတိ ပိဏ္ဍဒါယကာ. ဒုတိယဝိကပ္ပေ ပိဏ္ဍေ ဒယန္တိ ဇနသမ္မဒ္ဒေ ဥပ္ပတန္တာ ဝိယ ဂစ္ဆန္တီတိ ပိဏ္ဍဒါယကာတိ အတ္ထော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. ဥဂ္ဂတုဂ္ဂတာတိ ထာမဇဝပရက္ကမာဒိဝသေန အတိဝိယ ဥဂ္ဂတာ, ဥဒဂ္ဂါတိ အတ္ထော. ပက္ခန္ဒန္တီတိ အတ္တနော ဝီရသူရဘာဝေန အသဇ္ဇမာနာ ပရသေနံ အနုပဝိသန္တီတိ အတ္ထော. ထာမဇဝဗလပရက္ကမာဒိသမ္ပတ္တိယာ မဟာနာဂါ ဝိယ မဟာနာဂါ. ဧကသူရာတိ ဧကာကိသူရာ အတ္တနော သူရဘာဝေနေဝ ဧကာကိနော ဟုတွာ ယုဇ္ဈနကာ. သဇာလိကာတိ သဝမ္မိကာ. သရပရိတ္တာဏန္တိ စမ္မပရိသိဗ္ဗိတံ ခေဋကံ, စမ္မမယံ ဝါ ဖလကံ. ဃရဒါသယောဓာတိ အတ္တနော ဒါသယောဓာ.

They mount elephants and have others mount them, hence they are called elephant riders (Dī. Ni. Ṭī. 1.163). For by whatever training a man becomes fit to mount an elephant, all those who impart that training to elephants are included. Therefore, it is said, 'all indeed,' and so forth. Herein, elephant trainers are those who train elephants and elephant riders. Elephant doctors are elephant physicians. Elephant binders are those who protect the feet of elephants. By the word 'etc.', those who provide fodder for elephants and the like are included. In the case of horse riders and charioteers too, the same principle applies. Those assigned to chariots are charioteers. Chariot guards are those who protect the chariot's linchpins. They take up bows and have others take them up, hence they are called bowmen; archers are those who instruct in the skill of archery. Therefore, it is said, 'bow instructors, archers.' Those who go into battle with a cloth banner are called `celakā`—thus it is said, 'those who go forth in battle holding the victory flag.' They make soldiers standing here and there move and stir by way of augmenting the ranks, hence they are called `calakā`. Like vultures and other birds of prey with a lump of flesh, they cut and tear apart the mass of the enemy army with their daring and great warrior-hood, and go forth leaping, hence they are called `piṇḍadāyakā`. In the second alternative, the meaning of `piṇḍadāyakā` should be understood as 'they tear apart the masses, going forth as if leaping in the crowd.' 'Uggatuggatā' means exceedingly exalted by way of strength, speed, vigor, and so forth; the meaning is 'udaggā' (uplifted). 'Pakkhandanti' means 'they enter the enemy ranks unhindered due to their own heroic and brave nature.' 'Mahānāgā' means they are like great elephants due to their possession of strength, speed, power, vigor, and so forth. 'Ekasūrā' means 'lone warriors,' those who fight alone, being solitary by their own bravery. 'Sajālikā' means 'savammikā' (armored). 'Saraparittāṇa' means a shield sewn with leather, or a leather-made board. 'Gharadāsayodhā' means 'their own household warriors'.

သမ္ပက္ခန္ဒနလက္ခဏာတိ သဒ္ဓေယျဝတ္ထုနော ဧဝမေတန္တိ သမ္ပက္ခန္ဒနလက္ခဏာ. သမ္ပသာဒနလက္ခဏာတိ ပသီဒိတဗ္ဗေ ဝတ္ထုသ္မိံ ပသီဒနလက္ခဏာ. ဩကပ္ပနသဒ္ဓါတိ [Pg.191] ဩက္ကန္တိတွာ ပက္ခန္ဒိတွာ အဓိမုစ္စနံ. ပသာဒနီယေ ဝတ္ထုသ္မိံ ပသီဒနံ ပသာဒသဒ္ဓါ. အယံ အနုဓမ္မောတိ အယံ နဝန္နံ လောကုတ္တရဓမ္မာနံ အနုလောမဓမ္မော. နိဗ္ဗိဒါဗဟုလောတိ ဥက္ကဏ္ဌနာဗဟုလော. သဒ္ဓါ ဗန္ဓတိ ပါထေယျန္တိ သဒ္ဓါ နာမာယံ သတ္တဿ မရဏဝသေန မဟာပထံ သံဝဇတော မဟာကန္တာရံ ပဋိပဇ္ဇတော မဟာဝိဒုဂ္ဂံ ပက္ခန္ဒတော ပါထေယျပုဋံ ဗန္ဓတိ, သမ္ဗလံ ဝိဿဇ္ဇေတီတိ အတ္ထော. သဒ္ဓဉှိ ဥပ္ပာဒေတွာ ဒါနံ ဒေတိ, သီလံ ရက္ခတိ, ဥပေါသထကမ္မံ ကရောတိ. တေနေတံ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘သဒ္ဓါ ဗန္ဓတိ ပါထေယျ’’န္တိ. သိရီတိ ဣဿရိယံ. ဣဿရိယေ ဟိ အဘိမုခီဘူတေ ထလတောပိ ဇလတောပိ ဘောဂါ အာဂစ္ဆန္တိယေဝ. တေနေတံ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘သိရီ ဘောဂါနမာသယော’’တိ. သဒ္ဓါ ဒုတိယာ ပုရိသဿ ဟောတီတိ ပုရိသဿ ဒေဝလောကေ, မနုဿလောကေ စေဝ နိဗ္ဗာနဉ္စ ဂစ္ဆန္တဿ သဒ္ဓါ ဒုတိယာ ဟောတိ, သဟာယကိစ္စံ သာဓေတိ. ဘတ္တပုဋာဒီတိ အာဒိ-သဒ္ဒေန ဒုတိယိကာဒီနံ သင်္ဂဟော ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗော. အနေကသရသတာတိ အနေကသဘာဝတာ, အနေကကိစ္စတာ ဝါ. သေသံ သုဝိညေယျမေဝ.

'Sampakkhandanalakkhaṇā' means the characteristic of leaping forward, in the sense that it leaps forward toward the object of faith with the thought, 'It is so.' 'Sampasādanalakkhaṇā' means the characteristic of becoming serene toward an object in which one should be serene. 'Okappanasaddhā' means trust, which is entering, leaping forward, and resolving. 'Pasādasaddhā' is serenity toward an object that inspires serenity. 'Ayaṃ anudhammo' means this is the Dhamma in conformity with the nine supramundane Dhammas. 'Nibbidābahulo' means abounding in weariness. 'Faith ties the provisions' means that this faith, indeed, ties a provision bundle for a being who, on account of death, is traveling the great road, traversing the great wilderness, and venturing into the great impasse; the meaning is that it provides supplies. For having aroused faith, one gives gifts, observes virtue, and performs the Uposatha duty. Therefore, it is said, 'Faith ties the provisions.' 'Sirī' means sovereignty. For when sovereignty is manifest, wealth comes even from land and water. Therefore, it is said, 'Glory is the resting place of wealth.' 'Faith is a man’s companion' means that for a man going to the deva-world, the human world, and to Nibbāna, faith is his companion, accomplishing the duty of a friend. 'Bhattapuṭādi' (a bundle of food, etc.)—by the word 'etc.', the inclusion of a companion and so forth should be understood. 'Anekasarasatā' means having many natures or having many functions. The rest is easily understood.

နဂရောပမသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Discourse on the Simile of the City is concluded.

၄. ဓမ္မညူသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

4. The Commentary on the Discourse on One Who Knows the Dhamma

၆၈. စတုတ္ထေ သုတ္တဂေယျာဒိဓမ္မံ ဇာနာတီတိ ဓမ္မညူ. တဿ တဿေဝ သုတ္တဂေယျာဒိနာ ဘာသိတဿ တဒညဿ သုတ္တပဒတ္ထဿ ဗောဓကဿ သဒ္ဒဿ အတ္ထကုသလတာဝသေန အတ္ထံ ဇာနာတီတိ အတ္ထညူ. ‘‘ဧတ္တကောမှိ သီလေန သမာဓိနာ ပညာယာ’’တိ ဧဝံ ယထာ အတ္တနော ပမာဏဇာနနဝသေန အတ္တာနံ ဇာနာတီတိ အတ္တညူ. ပဋိဂ္ဂဟဏပရိဘောဂပရိယေသနဝိဿဇ္ဇနေသု မတ္တံ ဇာနာတီတိ မတ္တညူ. နိဒ္ဒေသေ ပန ပဋိဂ္ဂဟဏမတ္တညုတာယ ဧဝ ပရိဘောဂါဒိမတ္တညုတာ ပဗောဓိတာ ဟောတီတိ ပဋိဂ္ဂဟဏမတ္တညုတာဝ ဒဿိတာ. ‘‘အယံ ကာလော ဥဒ္ဒေသဿ, အယံ ကာလော ပရိပုစ္ဆာယ, အယံ ကာလော ယောဂဿ အဓိဂမာယာ’’တိ ဧဝံ ကာလံ ဇာနာတီတိ ကာလညူ. တတ္ထ ပဉ္စ ဝဿာနိ ဥဒ္ဒေသဿ ကာလော, ဒသ ပရိပုစ္ဆာယ, ဣဒံ အတိသမ္ဗာဓံ, အတိက္ခပညဿ တာဝတာ ကာလေန တီရေတုံ အသက္ကုဏေယျတ္တာ ဒသ ဝဿာနိ ဥဒ္ဒေသဿ ကာလော, ဝီသတိ ပရိပုစ္ဆာယ, တတော ပရံ ယောဂေ ကမ္မံ ကာတဗ္ဗံ. ခတ္တိယပရိသာဒိကံ [Pg.192] အဋ္ဌဝိဓံ ပရိသံ ဇာနာတီတိ ပရိသညူ. ဘိက္ခုပရိသာဒိကံ စတုဗ္ဗိဓံ, ခတ္တိယပရိသာဒိကံ မနုဿပရိသံယေဝ ပုန စတုဗ္ဗိဓံ ဂဟေတွာ အဋ္ဌဝိဓံ ဝဒန္တိ အပရေ. နိဒ္ဒေသေ ပနဿ ခတ္တိယပရိသာဒိစတုဗ္ဗိဓပရိသဂ္ဂဟဏံ နိဒဿနမတ္တံ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗံ. ‘‘ဣမံ မေ သေဝန္တဿ အကုသလာ ဓမ္မာ ပရိဟာယန္တိ, ကုသလာ ဓမ္မာ အဘိဝဍ္ဎန္တိ, တသ္မာ အယံ ပုဂ္ဂလော သေဝိတဗ္ဗော, ဝိပရိယာယတော အညော အသေဝိတဗ္ဗော’’တိ သေဝိတဗ္ဗာသေဝိတဗ္ဗပုဂ္ဂလံ ဇာနာတီတိ ပုဂ္ဂလပရောပရညူ. ဧဝဉှိ တေသံ ပုဂ္ဂလာနံ ပရောပရံ ဥက္ကဋ္ဌနိဟီနတံ ဇာနာတိ နာမ. နိဒ္ဒေသေပိဿ သေဝိတဗ္ဗာသေဝိတဗ္ဗပုဂ္ဂလေ ဝိဘာဝနမေဝ သမဏကထာကတန္တိ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗံ.

68. In the fourth [sutta], one who knows the Dhamma, such as the suttas and geyyas, is a 'knower of the Dhamma' (dhammaññū). One who knows the meaning (atthaññū) is one who, through skill in meaning, knows the meaning of the sound that conveys the meaning of the sutta-passages spoken in those very suttas, geyyas, and so forth, and of others. One who knows oneself (attaññū) is one who knows oneself by knowing one's own measure, thinking, 'I am of such virtue, concentration, and wisdom.' One who knows moderation (mattaññū) is one who knows moderation in receiving, consuming, seeking, and giving. In the exposition, however, since knowing moderation in consuming and other aspects is implied by knowing moderation in receiving, only knowing moderation in receiving is shown. One who knows the time (kālaññū) is one who knows the time, thinking, 'This is the time for recitation, this is the time for questioning, this is the time for striving for attainment.' Here, five years is the time for recitation, ten for questioning. This is too constrained; since it is impossible even for one with keen wisdom to complete it in such a time, ten years is the time for recitation and twenty for questioning, after which one should engage in practice. One who knows the assembly (parisaññū) is one who knows the eightfold assembly, beginning with the assembly of khattiyas. The assembly of bhikkhus is fourfold, while others say that the assembly of khattiyas, being a human assembly, is again taken as fourfold, making eight in total. In the exposition, however, the inclusion of the fourfold assembly beginning with the assembly of khattiyas should be understood as merely an example. One who knows persons, superior and inferior (puggalaparoparaññū) is one who knows the person to be associated with or avoided, thinking, 'When I associate with this person, unwholesome qualities decline and wholesome qualities increase; therefore, this person should be associated with, and conversely, another should be avoided.' Thus, one truly knows the superiority and inferiority of such persons. In the exposition, it should be understood that the explanation of persons to be associated with and avoided is simply a discourse for ascetics.

ဓမ္မညူသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Dhammaññū Sutta is concluded.

၅-၆. ပါရိစ္ဆတ္တကသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

5-6. Commentary on the Pāricchattaka Sutta and so forth

၆၉-၇၀. ပဉ္စမေ ပတိတပလာသောတိ ပတိတပတ္တော. ဧတ္ထ ပဌမံ ပဏ္ဍုပလာသတံ, ဒုတိယံ ပန္နပလာသတဉ္စ ဝတွာ တတိယံ ဇာလကဇာတတာ, စတုတ္ထံ ခါရကဇာတတာ စ ပါဠိယံ ဝုတ္တာ. ဒီဃနိကာယဋ္ဌကထာယံ ပန မဟာဂေါဝိန္ဒသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာယံ (ဒီ. နိ. အဋ္ဌ. ၂.၂၉၄) ဣမမေဝ ပါဠိံ အာဟရိတွာ ဒဿေန္တေန ပဌမံ ပဏ္ဍုပလာသတံ, ဒုတိယံ ပန္နပလာသတဉ္စ ဝတွာ တတိယံ ခါရကဇာတတာ, စတုတ္ထံ ဇာလကဇာတတာ စ ဒဿိတာ. ဧဝဉှိ တတ္ထ ဝုတ္တံ – ‘‘ပါရိစ္ဆတ္တကေ ပုပ္ဖမာနေ ဧကံ ဝဿံ ဥပဋ္ဌာနံ ဂစ္ဆန္တိ, တေ တဿ ပဏ္ဍုပလာသဘာဝတော ပဋ္ဌာယ အတ္တမနာ ဟောန္တိ. ယထာဟ –

69-70. In the fifth [sutta], 'patitapalāso' means 'fallen leaves.' Here, firstly, the state of being yellowed leaves; secondly, the state of being fallen leaves; thirdly, the state of being net-like; and fourthly, the state of being like a khāraka are stated in the Pāḷi. However, in the Dīghanikāya Commentary, in the explanation of the Mahāgovinda Sutta (Dī. Ni. Aṭṭha. 2.294), by citing this very Pāḷi passage, it is shown that firstly is the state of being yellowed leaves, secondly the state of being fallen leaves, thirdly the state of being like a khāraka, and fourthly the state of being net-like. For thus it is said there: 'When the Pāricchattaka tree is in bloom, they attend to it for a year, and from the state of its leaves turning yellow onwards, they become delighted. As it is said:'

ယသ္မိံ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, သမယေ ဒေဝါနံ တာဝတိံသာနံ ပါရိစ္ဆတ္တကော ကောဝိဠာရော, ပဏ္ဍုပလာသော ဟောတိ, အတ္တမနာ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, ဒေဝါ တာဝတိံသာ တသ္မိံ သမယေ ဟောန္တိ ‘ပဏ္ဍုပလာသော ဒါနိ ပါရိစ္ဆတ္တကော, ကောဝိဠာရော, န စိရဿေဝ ပန္နပလာသော ဘဝိဿတီ’တိ. ယသ္မိံ သမယေ ဒေဝါနံ တာဝတိံသာနံ ပါရိစ္ဆတ္တကော, ကောဝိဠာရော, ပန္နပလာသော ဟောတိ, ဇာလကဇာတော ဟောတိ, ခါရကဇာတော ဟောတိ, ကုဋုမလကဇာတော ဟောတိ, ကောရကဇာတော ဟောတိ, အတ္တမနာ, ဘိက္ခဝေ[Pg.193], ဒေဝါ တာဝတိံသာ တသ္မိံ သမယေ ဟောန္တိ ‘ကောရကဇာတော ဒါနိ ပါရိစ္ဆတ္တကော ကောဝိဠာရော, န စိရဿေဝ သဗ္ဗပါလိဖုလ္လော ဘဝိဿတီ’တိ.

Monks, at the time when the Pāricchattaka koviḷāra tree of the Tāvatiṃsa gods has yellowed leaves, the Tāvatiṃsa gods are delighted at that time, thinking, 'Now the Pāricchattaka koviḷāra tree has yellowed leaves; before long it will have fallen leaves.' Monks, at the time when the Pāricchattaka koviḷāra tree of the Tāvatiṃsa gods has fallen leaves, has become net-like, has become like a khāraka, has produced large buds, has produced opening buds, the Tāvatiṃsa gods are delighted at that time, thinking, 'Now the Pāricchattaka koviḷāra tree has produced opening buds; before long it will be in full bloom with all its foliage.'

လီနတ္ထပ္ပကာသိနိယမ္ပိ (ဒီ. နိ. ဋီ. ၂.၂၉၄) ဧတ္ထ ဧဝမတ္ထော ဒဿိတော – ပန္နပလာသောတိ ပတိတပတ္တော. ခါရကဇာတောတိ ဇာတခုဒ္ဒကမကုဠော. ယေ ဟိ နီလပတ္တကာ အတိဝိယ ခုဒ္ဒကာ မကုဠာ, တေ ‘‘ခါရကာ’’တိ ဝုစ္စန္တိ. ဇာလကဇာတောတိ တေဟိယေဝ ခုဒ္ဒကမကုဠေဟိ ဇာတဇာလကော သဗ္ဗသော ဇာလော ဝိယ ဇာတော. ကေစိ ပန ‘‘ဇာလကဇာတောတိ ဧကဇာလော ဝိယ ဇာတော’’တိ အတ္ထံ ဝဒန္တိ. ပါရိစ္ဆတ္တကော ကိရ ခါရကဂ္ဂဟဏကာလေ သဗ္ဗတ္ထကမေဝ ပလ္လဝိကော ဟောတိ, တေ စဿ ပလ္လဝါ ပဘဿရပဝါဠဝဏ္ဏသမုဇ္ဇလာ ဟောန္တိ. တေန သော သဗ္ဗသော သမုဇ္ဇလန္တော တိဋ္ဌတိ. ကုဋုမလဇာတောတိ သဉ္ဇာတမဟာမကုဠော. ကောရကဇာတောတိ သဉ္ဇာတသူစိဘေဒေါ သမ္ပတိဝိကသမာနာဝတ္ထော. သဗ္ဗပါလိဖုလ္လောတိ သဗ္ဗသော ဖုလ္လိတဝိကသိတောတိ. အယဉ္စ အနုက္ကမော ဒီဃဘာဏကာနံ ဝဠဉ္ဇနာနုက္ကမေန ဒဿိတော, န ဧတ္ထ အာစရိယဿ ဝိရောဓော အာသင်္ကိတဗ္ဗော.

In the Līnatthappakāsinī (Dī. Ni. Ṭī. 2.294) too, the meaning is explained thus: 'Pannapalāso' means 'fallen leaves.' 'Khārakajāto' means 'having produced small buds.' For those very small buds with bluish leaves are called 'khārakā.' 'Jālakajāto' means 'having formed a network from those very small buds, having become entirely like a net.' Some, however, say the meaning of 'jālakajāto' is 'having become like a single net.' It is said that the Pāricchattaka tree, at the time of producing khāraka buds, is entirely covered with new foliage, and its new shoots shine brilliantly with a color like radiant coral. Thus, it stands completely resplendent. 'Kuṭumalajāto' means 'having produced large buds.' 'Korakajāto' refers to the stage where needle-like splits appear, the state of being just about to blossom. 'Sabbapāliphullo' means 'fully blossomed and open.' And this sequence is presented according to the customary sequence of the Dīghabhāṇakas, and no contradiction with the teacher’s view should be suspected here.

ကန္တနကဝါတောတိ ဒေဝါနံ ပုညကမ္မပစ္စယာ ပုပ္ဖာနံ ဆိန္ဒနကဝါတော. ကန္တတီတိ ဆိန္ဒတိ. သမ္ပဋိစ္ဆနကဝါတောတိ ဆိန္နာနံ ဆိန္နာနံ ပုပ္ဖာနံ သမ္ပဋိဂ္ဂဏှကဝါတော. စိနန္တောတိ နာနာဝိဓဘတ္တိသန္နိဝေသဝသေန နိစိနံ ကရောန္တော. အညတရဒေဝတာနန္တိ နာမဂေါတ္တဝသေန အပညာတဒေဝတာနံ. ရေဏုဝဋ္ဋီတိ ရေဏုသံဃာတော. ကဏ္ဏိကံ အာဟစ္စာတိ သုဓမ္မာယ ကူဋံ အာဟန္တွာ.

'Kantanakavāta' means 'the wind that cuts flowers due to the meritorious deeds of the gods.' 'Kantati' means 'cuts' or 'severs.' 'Sampaṭicchanakavāta' means 'the wind that gathers the severed flowers.' 'Cinanto' means 'collecting them, making a heap, according to various artistic arrangements.' 'Aññataradevatānaṃ' refers to 'deities not known by name or clan.' 'Reṇuvaṭṭī' means 'a mass of pollen' or 'a pollen swirl.' 'Kaṇṇikaṃ āhacca' means 'having struck the gable ornament of the Sudhammā hall.'

အနုဖရဏာနုဘာဝေါတိ ခီဏာသဝဿ ဘိက္ခုနော ကိတ္တိသဒ္ဒဿ ယာဝ ဗြဟ္မလောကာ အနုဖရဏသင်္ခါတော အာနုဘာဝေါ. ပဗ္ဗဇ္ဇာနိဿိတံ ဟောတီတိ ပဗ္ဗဇ္ဇာယ စတုပါရိသုဒ္ဓိသီလမ္ပိ ဒဿိတမေဝါတိ အဓိပ္ပာယော. ပဌမဇ္ဈာနသန္နိဿိတန္တိအာဒီသုပိ ဣမိနာဝ နယေန အတ္ထော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. ဣဓ ပန ဥဘယတော ပရိစ္ဆေဒေါ ဟေဋ္ဌာ သီလတော ဥပရိ အရဟတ္တတော စ ပရိစ္ဆေဒဿ ဒဿိတတ္တာ. တေနေတံ ဝုတ္တန္တိ တေန ကာရဏေန ဧတံ ‘‘စတုပါရိသုဒ္ဓိသီလံ ပဗ္ဗဇ္ဇာနိဿိတံ ဟောတီ’’တိအာဒိဝစနံ ဝုတ္တံ. ဆဋ္ဌံ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

'Anupharaṇānubhāvo' refers to 'the power of pervading,' which is the influence of the fame of a monk whose defilements are destroyed, pervading as far as the Brahmā world. 'Pabbajjānissitaṃ hoti' means that 'even the fourfold purified morality is shown through the going forth'—this is the intention. Similarly, in cases such as 'dependent on the first jhāna' and so forth, the meaning should be understood in the same way. Here, however, the boundary is from both sides, since the boundary is shown below by virtue and above by arahantship. 'Tenetaṃ vuttaṃ' means that 'for that reason, this statement, "the fourfold purified morality is dependent on the going forth," and so forth, is said.' The sixth [sutta] is self-explanatory.

ပါရိစ္ဆတ္တကသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Pāricchattaka Sutta and so forth is concluded.

၇. ဘာဝနာသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

7. Commentary on the Bhāvanā Sutta

၇၁. သတ္တမေ [Pg.194] အတ္ထဿ အသာဓိကာ ‘‘ဘာဝနံ အနနုယုတ္တဿာ’’တိ ဝုတ္တတ္တာ. သမ္ဘာဝနတ္ထေတိ ‘‘အပိ နာမ ဧဝံ သိယာ’’တိ ဝိကပ္ပနတ္ထော သမ္ဘာဝနတ္ထော. ဧဝဉှိ လောကေ သိလိဋ္ဌဝစနံ ဟောတီတိ ဧကမေဝ သင်္ခံ အဝတွာ အပရာယ သင်္ခါယ သဒ္ဓိံ ဝစနံ လောကေ သိလိဋ္ဌဝစနံ ဟောတိ ယထာ ‘‘ဒွေ ဝါ တီဏိ ဝါ ဥဒကဖုသိတာနီ’’တိ. သမ္မာ အဓိသယိတာနီတိ ပါဒါဒီဟိ အတ္တနာ နေသံ ကိဉ္စိ ဥပဃာတံ အကရောန္တိယာ ဗဟိဝါတာဒိပရိဿယပရိဟရဏတ္ထံ သမ္မဒေဝ ဥပရိ သယိတာနိ. ဥပရိအတ္ထော ဟေတ္ထ အဓိ-သဒ္ဒေါ. ဥတုံ ဂဏှာပေန္တိယာတိ တေသံ အလ္လသိနေဟပရိယာဒါနတ္ထံ အတ္တနော ကာယုသ္မာဝသေန ဥတုံ ဂဏှာပေန္တိယာ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဥသ္မီကတာနီ’’တိ. သမ္မာ ပရိဘာဝိတာနီတိ သမ္မဒေဝ သဗ္ဗသော ကုက္ကုဋဝါသနာယ ဝါသိတာနိ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ကုက္ကုဋဂန္ဓံ ဂါဟာပိတာနီ’’တိ. ဧတ္ထ စ သမ္မာပရိသေဒနံ ကုက္ကုဋဂန္ဓပရိဘာဝနဉ္စ သမ္မာအဓိသယနသမ္မာပရိသေဒနနိပ္ဖတ္တိယာ အာနုဘာဝနိပ္ဖာဒိတန္တိ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗံ. သမ္မာအဓိသယနေနေဝ ဟိ ဣတရဒွယံ ဣဇ္ဈတိ. န ဟိ သမ္မာအဓိသယနတော ဝိသုံ သမ္မာပရိသေဒနဿ သမ္မာပရိဘာဝနဿ စ ကာရဏံ အတ္ထိ. တေန ပန သဒ္ဓိံယေဝ ဣတရေသံ ဒွိန္နမ္ပိ ဣဇ္ဈနတော ဝုတ္တံ.

71. In the seventh case, it is not conducive to the goal because it is said, 'for one not devoted to development.' The meaning of sambhāvanā is the meaning of considering, 'perhaps it might be so,' which is the meaning of possibility. For in the world, this is elegant speech: not stating just one number, but speaking along with another number is elegant speech in the world, as in 'two or three drops of water.' 'Properly sat upon' means they were properly sat upon from above by her, without causing them any harm with her feet and so on, in order to ward off external dangers such as wind. Here, the prefix 'adhi-' has the meaning of 'above.' 'Making them take on the heat' means making them take on the heat by means of her own body's warmth in order to dry up their moisture. Hence, it is said, 'warmed.' 'Properly imbued' means thoroughly imbued in every way with the scent of a hen. Hence, it is said, 'made to take on the scent of a hen.' And here, it should be understood that proper warming and imbuing with the scent of a hen are produced by the power of the accomplishment of proper sitting upon and proper warming. For the other two are accomplished precisely through proper sitting upon. Indeed, there is no cause for proper warming and proper imbuing separate from proper sitting upon. Therefore, it is said that the other two are accomplished together with it.

တိဝိဓကိရိယာကရဏေနာတိ သမ္မာအဓိသယနာဒိတိဝိဓကိရိယာကရဏေနာတိ အတ္ထော. ကိဉ္စာပိ ‘‘ဧဝံ အဟော ဝတ မေ’’တိအာဒိနာ န ဣစ္ဆာ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇေယျ ကာရဏဿ ပန သမ္ပာဒိတတ္တာ, အထ ခေါ ဘဗ္ဗာဝ တေ အဘိနိဗ္ဘိဇ္ဇိတုန္တိ ယောဇနာ. ကသ္မာ ဘဗ္ဗာတိ အာဟ ‘‘တေ ဟိ ယသ္မာ တာယာ’’တိအာဒိ. သယမ္ပီတိ အဏ္ဍာနိ. ပရိဏာမန္တိ ပရိပါကံ ဗဟိနိက္ခမနယောဂျတံ. ယထာ ကပါလဿ တနုတာ အာလောကဿ အန္တော ပညာယမာနဿ ကာရဏံ, တထာ ကပါလဿ တနုတာယ နခသိခါမုခတုဏ္ဍကာနံ ခရတာယ စ အလ္လသိနေဟပရိယာဒါနံ ကာရဏဝစနန္တိ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗံ. တသ္မာတိ အာလောကဿ အန္တော ပညာယမာနတော သယဉ္စ ပရိပါကဂတတ္တာ.

'By the performance of the threefold action' means by the performance of the threefold action beginning with proper sitting upon. Although the wish, 'Oh, if only it were so for me,' and so on, might not arise, yet because the cause has been provided, they are indeed capable of breaking through—this is the connection. Why are they capable? He said, 'Because they, by that...' and so on. 'By themselves' refers to the eggs. 'Maturation' means ripeness, the suitability for emerging outside. Just as the thinness of the shell is the cause for the light being visible inside, so too the thinness of the shell, the sharpness of the tips of their claws and beaks, and the drying up of moisture should be seen as the statement of the cause. Therefore: because the light is visible inside and because they have reached maturity by themselves.

ဩပမ္မသမ္ပဋိပါဒနန္တိ ဩပမ္မတ္ထဿ ဥပမေယျေန သမ္မဒေဝ ပဋိပါဒနံ. တန္တိ ဩပမ္မသမ္ပဋိပါဒနံ. ဧဝန္တိ ဣဒါနိ ဝုစ္စမာနာကာရေန. အတ္ထေနာတိ ဥပမေယျတ္ထေန သံသန္ဒေတွာ သဟ ယောဇေတွာ. သမ္ပာဒနေန သမ္ပယုတ္တဓမ္မဝသေန ဉာဏဿ တိက္ခဘာဝေါ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. ဉာဏဿ ဟိ သဘာဝတော သတိနေပက္ကတော စ တိက္ခဘာဝေါ, သမာဓိဝသေန ခရဘာဝေါ, သဒ္ဓါဝသေန ဝိပ္ပသန္နဘာဝေါ. ပရိဏာမကာလောတိ ဗလဝဝိပဿနာကာလော. ဝဍ္ဎိကာလောတိ [Pg.195] ဝုဋ္ဌာနဂါမိနိဝိပဿနာကာလော. အနုလောမဋ္ဌာနိယာ ဟိ ဝိပဿနာ ဂဟိတဂဗ္ဘာ နာမ တဒါ မဂ္ဂဂဗ္ဘဿ ဂဟိတတ္တာ. တဇ္ဇာတိကန္တိ တဿ ဝိပဿနာနုယောဂဿ အနုရူပံ. သတ္ထာပိ အဝိဇ္ဇဏ္ဍကောသံ ပဟရတိ, ဒေသနာပိ ဝိနေယျသန္တာနဂတံ အဝိဇ္ဇဏ္ဍကောသံ ပဟရတိ, ယထာဌာနေ ဌာတုံ န ဒေတိ.

'The application of the simile' means the proper application of the meaning of the simile to the subject of comparison. That is the application of the simile. 'Thus' means in the manner now being stated. 'With the meaning' means by comparing and connecting it with the meaning of the subject of comparison. The sharpness of knowledge is to be understood by way of the states associated with its accomplishment. For the sharpness of knowledge comes from its nature and from mindfulness and prudence; its firmness comes from concentration; its clarity comes from faith. 'The time of maturation' is the time of powerful insight. 'The time of growth' is the time of insight leading to emergence. For insight in the stage of conformity is called 'having conceived the embryo,' because at that time the embryo of the path has been conceived. 'Of that kind' means corresponding to that practice of insight. The Teacher also strikes the eggshell of ignorance; the teaching also strikes the eggshell of ignorance present in the mental continuum of those to be trained, not allowing it to remain in its place.

ဩလမ္ဗကသင်္ခါတန္တိ ဩလမ္ဗကသုတ္တသင်္ခါတံ. ‘‘ပလ’’န္တိ ဟိ တဿ သုတ္တဿ နာမံ. စာရေတွာ ဒါရုနော ဟေဋ္ဌာ ဒေါသဇာနနတ္ထံ ဥဿာပေတွာ. ဂဏ္ဍံ ဟရတီတိ ပလဂဏ္ဍောတိ ဧတေန ‘‘ပလေန ဂဏ္ဍဟာရော ပလဂဏ္ဍောတိ ပစ္ဆိမပဒေ ဥတ္တရပဒလောပေန နိဒ္ဒေသော’’တိ ဒဿေတိ. ဂဟဏဋ္ဌာနေတိ ဟတ္ထေန ဂဟေတဗ္ဗဋ္ဌာနေ. သမ္မဒေဝ ခိပီယန္တိ ဧတေန ကာယဒုစ္စရိတာဒီနီတိ သင်္ခေပေါ, ပဗ္ဗဇ္ဇာဝ သင်္ခေပေါ ပဗ္ဗဇ္ဇာသင်္ခေပေါ. တေန ဝိပဿနံ အနုယုဉ္ဇန္တဿ ပုဂ္ဂလဿ အဇာနန္တဿေဝ အာသဝါနံ ပရိက္ခယော ဣဓ ဝိပဿနာနိသံသောတိ အဓိပ္ပေတော.

'Called the Olambaka' means called the Olambaka Sutta. For 'Pala' is the name of that sutta. Having applied it and raised it up in order to know the fault underneath the wood. 'It removes the protuberance' (gaṇḍaṃ harati), hence it is a palagaṇḍa. By this, it is shown that 'palagaṇḍa is a designation with the elision of the latter part of the final word, from palena gaṇḍahāro (remover of the protuberance by the pala).' 'At the place of grasping' means at the place to be grasped by the hand. 'By this, bodily misconduct and so forth are rightly cast away' (khipīyanti): this is a casting away (saṅkhepa). Going forth itself is a casting away, hence 'the casting away of going forth' (pabbajjāsaṅkhepa). Thereby, it is intended here that the benefit of insight is the destruction of the taints for a person practicing insight, even without their knowing it.

ဟေမန္တိကေန ကာရဏဘူတေန, ဘုမ္မတ္ထေ ဝါ ဧတံ ကရဏဝစနံ, ဟေမန္တိကေတိ အတ္ထော. ပဋိပ္ပဿမ္ဘန္တီတိ ပဋိပ္ပဿဒ္ဓဖလာနိ ဟောန္တိ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ပူတိကာနိ ဘဝန္တီ’’တိ. မဟာသမုဒ္ဒေါ ဝိယ သာသနံ အဂါဓဂမ္ဘီရဘာဝတော. နာဝါ ဝိယ ယောဂါဝစရော မဟောဃုတ္တရတော. ပရိယာယနံ ဝိယာတိ ပရိတော အပရာပရံ ယာယနံ ဝိယ. ခဇ္ဇမာနာနန္တိ ခါဒန္တေန ဝိယ ဥဒကေန ခေပိယမာနဗန္ဓနာနံ. တနုဘာဝေါတိ ပရိယုဋ္ဌာနပဝတ္တိယာ အသမတ္ထတာယ ဒုဗ္ဗလဘာဝေါ. ဝိပဿနာဉာဏပီတိပါမောဇ္ဇေဟီတိ ဝိပဿနာဉာဏသမုဋ္ဌိတေဟိ ပီတိပါမောဇ္ဇေဟိ. ဩက္ခာယမာနေတိ ဝိပဿနာကမ္မဋ္ဌာနေ ဝီထိပ္ပဋိပါဋိယာ ဩက္ခာယမာနေ, ပဋိသင်္ခါနုပဿနာယ ဝါ ဩက္ခာယမာနေ. သင်္ခါရုပေက္ခာယ ပက္ခာယမာနေ. ဒုဗ္ဗလတာ ဒီပိတာ ‘‘အပ္ပကသိရေနေဝ သံယောဇနာနိ ပဋိပ္ပဿမ္ဘန္တိ, ပူတိကာနိ ဘဝန္တီ’’တိ ဝုတ္တတ္တာ.

By 'in the winter season' (hemantikena), which is the cause; or this instrumental word has the meaning of the locative, meaning 'in the winter season.' 'They subside' means their results become pacified. Hence, he said, 'they become rotten.' The teaching is like the great ocean because of its unfathomable depth. The practitioner of yoga is like a ship because of crossing the great flood. 'Like going around' means like going around again and again. 'Of those being eaten' means of the bonds being swept away by the water as if by something eating. 'The state of being thin' means the state of weakness due to the inability for the manifestation of the obsessions to proceed. 'Through the joy and gladness of insight knowledge' means through the joy and gladness arisen from insight knowledge. 'When it is being cleared away' (okkhāyamāne) means when it is being cleared away in the sequence of the path in the insight meditation subject, or when it is being cleared away by the insight of reflection. When it is being wasted away (pakkhāyamāne) by equanimity towards formations. The weakness is shown because it is said, 'With little difficulty the fetters subside, they become rotten'.

ဘာဝနာသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Bhāvanā Sutta is finished.

၈-၉. အဂ္ဂိက္ခန္ဓောပမသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

8-9. Commentary on the Aggikkhandhopama Sutta and Similar Discourses

၇၂-၇၃. အဋ္ဌမေ ပဿထ နူတိ အပိ ပဿထ. မဟန္တန္တိ ဝိပုလံ. အဂ္ဂိက္ခန္ဓန္တိ အဂ္ဂိသမူဟံ. အာဒိတ္တန္တိ ပဒိတ္တံ. သမ္ပဇ္ဇလိတန္တိ သမန္တတော ပဇ္ဇလိတံ အစ္စိဝိပ္ဖုလိင်္ဂါနိ [Pg.196] မုဉ္စန္တံ. သဇောတိဘူတန္တိ သမန္တတော ဥဋ္ဌိတာဟိ ဇာလာဟိ ဧကပ္ပဘာသမုဒယဘူတံ. တံ ကိံ မညထာတိ တံ ဣဒါနိ မယာ ဝုစ္စမာနတ္ထံ ကိံ မညထာတိ အနုမတိဂ္ဂဟဏတ္ထံ ပုစ္ဆတိ. ယဒေတ္ထ သတ္ထာ အဂ္ဂိက္ခန္ဓာလိင်္ဂနံ ကညာလိင်္ဂနဉ္စ အာနေသိ, တမတ္ထံ ဝိဘာဝေတုံ ‘‘အာရောစယာမီ’’တိအာဒိမာဟ.

72-73. In the eighth sutta: 'Do you see?' (passatha nū) means 'Do you indeed see?' 'Great' means extensive. 'Mass of fire' means a heap of fire. 'Blazing' means kindled. 'Fully ablaze' means blazing all around, emitting flames and sparks. 'Become a single mass of light' means become a single arising of radiance with flames risen up all around. 'What do you think of this?' means he asks to gain agreement, 'What do you think of this matter now being spoken by me?' In that the Teacher here introduced embracing a mass of fire and embracing a maiden, he said, 'I declare...' and so on, in order to clarify that meaning.

ဒုဿီလဿာတိ နိဿီလဿ သီလဝိရဟိတဿ. ပါပဓမ္မဿာတိ ဒုဿီလတ္တာ ဧဝ ဟီနဇ္ဈာသယတာယ လာမကသဘာဝဿ. အသုစိသင်္ကဿရသမာစာရဿာတိ အပရိသုဒ္ဓတာယ အသုစိ ဟုတွာ သင်္ကာယ သရိတဗ္ဗသမာစာရဿ. ဒုဿီလော ဟိ ကိဉ္စိဒေဝ အသာရုပ္ပံ ဒိသွာ ‘‘ဣဒံ အသုကေန ကတံ ဘဝိဿတီ’’တိ ပရေသံ အာသင်္ကာ ဟောတိ. ကေနစိဒေဝ ကရဏီယေန မန္တယန္တေ ဘိက္ခူ ဒိသွာ ‘‘ကစ္စိ နု ခေါ ဣမေ မယာ ကတကမ္မံ ဇာနိတွာ မန္တေန္တီ’’တိ အတ္တနောယေဝ သင်္ကာယ သရိတဗ္ဗသမာစာရော. ပဋိစ္ဆန္နကမ္မန္တဿာတိ လဇ္ဇိတဗ္ဗတာယ ပဋိစ္ဆာဒေတဗ္ဗကမ္မန္တဿ. အဿမဏဿာတိ န သမဏဿ. သလာကဂ္ဂဟဏာဒီသု ‘‘အဟမ္ပိ သမဏော’’တိ မိစ္ဆာပဋိညာယ သမဏပဋိညဿ. အသေဋ္ဌစာရိတာယ အဗြဟ္မစာရိဿ. ဥပေါသထာဒီသု ‘‘အဟမ္ပိ ဗြဟ္မစာရီ’’တိ မိစ္ဆာပဋိညာယ ဗြဟ္မစာရိပဋိညဿ. ပူတိနာ ကမ္မေန သီလဝိပတ္တိယာ အန္တော အနုပဝိဋ္ဌတ္တာ အန္တောပူတိကဿ. ဆဒွါရေဟိ ရာဂါဒိကိလေသာနုဿဝနေန တိန္တတ္တာ အဝဿုတဿ. သဉ္ဇာတရာဂါဒိကစဝရတ္တာ သီလဝန္တေဟိ ဆဍ္ဍေတဗ္ဗတ္တာ စ ကသမ္ဗုဇာတဿ.

'Of one with bad virtue' means of one without virtue, devoid of virtue. 'Of one with evil qualities' means of one with a base nature because of having bad virtue and a low disposition. 'Of one with impure and suspect conduct' means of one whose conduct is to be remembered with suspicion, having become impure due to impurity. For a person of bad virtue, upon seeing something unsuitable, becomes suspicious of others, thinking, 'This must have been done by so-and-so.' Upon seeing monks conferring about some business, his own conduct is to be remembered with suspicion as he thinks, 'I wonder if they are conferring because they have found out about the deed I have done?' 'Of one with concealed actions' means of one whose actions are to be concealed because they are shameful. 'Of one who is not an ascetic' means not an ascetic. Of one who claims to be an ascetic with a false claim, 'I too am an ascetic,' in matters like the taking of voting-tickets. Of one who is not a celibate because of not having the best conduct. Of one who claims to be a celibate with a false claim, 'I too am a celibate,' during the Uposatha and so on. 'Rotten within' means one who is rotten inside because of having entered into the failure of virtue through putrid action. 'Leaky' means one who is soaked by the flowing in of defilements such as lust through the six doors. 'Become like rubbish' means one who has become like rubbish because of arisen lust and other refuse, and because he is to be discarded by the virtuous.

ဝါလရဇ္ဇုယာတိ ဝါလေဟိ ကတရဇ္ဇုယာ. သာ ဟိ ခရတရာ ဟောတိ. ဃံသေယျာတိ မထနဝသေန ဃံသေယျ. တေလဓောတာယာတိ တေလေန နိသိတာယ. ပစ္စောရသ္မိန္တိ ပတိဥရသ္မိံ, အဘိမုခေ ဥရမဇ္ဈေတိ အဓိပ္ပာယော. အယောသင်္ကုနာတိ သဏ္ဍာသေန. ဖေဏုဒ္ဒေဟကန္တိ ဖေဏံ ဥဒ္ဒေဟေတွာ ဥဒ္ဒေဟေတွာ, အနေကဝါရံ ဖေဏံ ဥဋ္ဌာပေတွာတိ အတ္ထော. ဧဝမေတ္ထ သင်္ခေပတော ပါဠိဝဏ္ဏနာ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ. နဝမံ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

'By a rope of horsehair' means by a rope made of hairs. It is indeed very rough. 'He would rub' means he would rub by way of churning. 'Washed with oil' means sharpened with oil. 'Against the chest' means on the chest; the intention is 'in the middle of the chest, directly facing.' 'With an iron spike' means with tongs. 'Bringing up foam' means having drawn out foam, drawing out foam; the meaning is raising foam many times. Thus, the brief explanation of the Pāli should be understood here. The ninth is clear in itself.

အဂ္ဂိက္ခန္ဓောပမသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Discourse on the Simile of the Mass of Fire, and others, is concluded.

၁၀. အရကသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

10. Commentary on the Araka Sutta.

၇၄. ဒသမေ ပရိတ္တန္တိ ဣတ္တရံ. တေနာဟ ‘‘အပ္ပံ ထောက’’န္တိ. ပဗန္ဓာနုပစ္ဆေဒဿ ပစ္စယဘာဝေါ ဣဓ ဇီဝိတဿ ရသော ကိစ္စန္တိ အဓိပ္ပေတန္တိ အာဟ [Pg.197] ‘‘သရသပရိတ္တတာယပီ’’တိ. တဒဓီနဝုတ္တိတာယပိ ဟိ ‘‘ယော, ဘိက္ခဝေ, စိရံ ဇီဝတိ, သော ဝဿသတံ အပ္ပံ ဝါ ဘိယျော’’တိ ဝစနတော ပရိတ္တံ ခဏပရိတ္တတာယပိ. ပရမတ္ထတော ဟိ အတိပရိတ္တော သတ္တာနံ ဇီဝိတက္ခဏော ဧကစိတ္တက္ခဏပ္ပဝတ္တိမတ္တောယေဝ. ယထာ နာမ ရထစက္ကံ ပဝတ္တမာနမ္ပိ ဧကေနေဝ နေမိပ္ပဒေသေန ပဝတ္တတိ, တိဋ္ဌမာနမ္ပိ ဧကေနေဝ တိဋ္ဌတိ, ဧဝမေဝံ ဧကစိတ္တက္ခဏိကံ သတ္တာနံ ဇီဝိတံ တသ္မိံ စိတ္တေ နိရုဒ္ဓမတ္တေ သတ္တော နိရုဒ္ဓေါတိ ဝုစ္စတိ. ယထာဟ ‘‘အတီတေ စိတ္တက္ခဏေ ဇီဝိတ္ထ န ဇီဝတိ န ဇီဝိဿတိ. အနာဂတေ စိတ္တက္ခဏေ န ဇီဝိတ္ထ န ဇီဝတိ ဇီဝိဿတိ. ပစ္စုပ္ပန္နေ စိတ္တက္ခဏေ န ဇီဝိတ္ထ ဇီဝတိ န ဇီဝိဿတိ.

74. In the tenth sutta, 'limited' means 'brief'. Therefore, he said, 'little, small.' The intended meaning is that here the function of life, its essence, is to be a condition for the non-interruption of continuity; this is why he said, 'even due to the limitedness of its essence.' For even in its state of dependence on that, according to the saying, 'Bhikkhus, one who lives long lives for a hundred years or a little more,' life is limited even by the limitation of moments. For in the ultimate sense, the life-moment of beings is extremely limited, lasting only for the duration of a single mind-moment. Just as a chariot wheel, when rolling, rolls on only one point of its rim, and when standing, stands on only one point, even so the life of beings lasts for a single mind-moment. When that mind-moment has ceased, the being is said to have ceased. As it is said: 'In a past mind-moment one lived; one does not live, nor will one live. In a future mind-moment one has not lived, one does not live, but one will live. In the present mind-moment one has not lived; one lives, but one will not live.'

‘‘ဇီဝိတံ အတ္တဘာဝေါ စ, သုခဒုက္ခာ စ ကေဝလာ;

ဧကစိတ္တသမာယုတ္တာ, လဟုသော ဝတ္တတေ ခဏော.

Life and individuality, and all happiness and sorrow, are conjoined with a single mind-moment; swiftly the moment passes.

‘‘ယေ နိရုဒ္ဓါ မရန္တဿ, တိဋ္ဌမာနဿ ဝါ ဣဓ;

သဗ္ဗေပိ သဒိသာ ခန္ဓာ, ဂတာ အပ္ပဋိသန္ဓိကာ.

Those aggregates that have ceased for one who is dying, or for one who is living here—all are alike, gone without relinking.

‘‘အနိဗ္ဗတ္တေန န ဇာတော, ပစ္စုပ္ပန္နေန ဇီဝတိ;

စိတ္တဘင်္ဂါ မတော လောကော, ပညတ္တိ ပရမတ္ထိယာ’’တိ. (မဟာနိ. ၁၀);

By the unproduced, one is not born; by the present, one lives. At the breaking of the mind, the world is dead; this is a designation in the ultimate sense.

လဟုသန္တိ လဟုကံ. တေနာဟ ‘‘လဟုံ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇိတွာ နိရုဇ္ဈနတော လဟုသ’’န္တိ. ပရိတ္တံ လဟုသန္တိ ဥဘယံ ပနေတံ အပ္ပကဿ ဝေဝစနံ. ယဉှိ အပ္ပကံ, တံ ပရိတ္တဉ္စေဝ လဟုကဉ္စ ဟောတိ. ဣဓ ပန အာယုနော အဓိပ္ပေတတ္တာ ရဿန္တိ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ. မန္တာယန္တိ ကရဏတ္ထေ ဧတံ ဘုမ္မဝစနန္တိ အာဟ ‘‘မန္တာယ ဗောဒ္ဓဗ္ဗံ, ပညာယ ဇာနိတဗ္ဗန္တိ အတ္ထော’’တိ. မန္တာယန္တိ ဝါ မန္တေယျန္တိ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ, မန္တေတဗ္ဗံ မန္တာယ ဥပပရိက္ခိတဗ္ဗန္တိ အတ္ထော. ပညာယ ဇာနိတဗ္ဗန္တိ ဇာနိတဗ္ဗံ ဇီဝိတဿ ပရိတ္တဘာဝေါ ဗဟုဒုက္ခာဒိဘာဝေါ. ဇာနိတွာ စ ပန သဗ္ဗပလိဗောဓေ ဆိန္ဒိတွာ ကတ္တဗ္ဗံ ကုသလံ, စရိတဗ္ဗံ ဗြဟ္မစရိယံ. ယသ္မာ ဣတ္ထိ ဇာတဿ အမရဏံ, အပ္ပံ ဝါ ဘိယျော ဝဿသတတော ဥပရိ အပ္ပံ အညံ ဝဿသတံ အပ္ပတွာ ဝီသံ ဝါ တိံသံ ဝါ စတ္တာလီသံ ဝါ ပဏ္ဏာသံ ဝါ သဋ္ဌိ ဝါ ဝဿာနိ ဇီဝတိ, ဧဝံဒီဃာယုကော ပန အတိဒုလ္လဘော. ‘‘အသုကော ဟိ ဧဝံ စိရံ ဇီဝတီ’’တိ တတ္ထ တတ္ထ ဂန္တွာ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗော ဟောတိ. တတ္ထ ဝိသာခါ ဥပါသိကာ ဝီသသတံ ဇီဝတိ, တထာ ပေါက္ခရသာတိဗြာဟ္မဏော, ဗြဟ္မာယုဗြာဟ္မဏော, ဗာဝရိယဗြာဟ္မဏော, အာနန္ဒတ္ထေရော, မဟာကဿပတ္ထေရောတိ[Pg.198]. အနုရုဒ္ဓတ္ထေရော ပန ဝဿသတဉ္စေဝ ပဏ္ဏာသဉ္စ ဝဿာနိ. ဗာကုလတ္ထေရော ဝဿသတဉ္စေဝ သဋ္ဌိ စ ဝဿာနိ, အယံ သဗ္ဗဒီဃာယုကော, သောပိ ဒွေ ဝဿသတာနိ န ဇီဝိ.

'Swift' means 'quick'. Therefore, he said, 'it is swift because it arises and ceases quickly.' 'Limited' and 'swift'—both of these are synonyms for 'little'. For whatever is little is both limited and swift. Here, however, since the lifespan is intended, it means 'short'. Regarding 'mantāya', this is a locative expression in the sense of the instrumental; therefore, he said, 'the meaning is "it should be understood by wisdom, it should be known by discernment."' Or 'mantāya' means 'manteyya' (one should consider); the meaning is 'it should be considered, it should be examined by wisdom.' 'It should be known by discernment' means that the limited nature of life and its state of having much suffering and so on should be known. And having known this, after cutting off all obstacles, the wholesome should be done and the holy life should be lived. For one who is born, there is no such thing as not dying. One who lives long lives for a hundred years, or a little more. And how much more? Above a hundred years, a little, not reaching another hundred years, but living for twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, or sixty years. But such a long-lived person is exceedingly rare. One has to go to various places to see such a person, thinking, 'So-and-so lives for so long.' In this regard, the female lay disciple Visākhā lived for one hundred and twenty years, as did the brahmin Pokkharasāti, the brahmin Brahmāyu, the brahmin Bāvari, the Elder Ānanda, and the Elder Mahākassapa. The Elder Anuruddha, however, lived for one hundred and fifty years. The Elder Bākula lived for one hundred and sixty years; he was the longest-lived of all, yet even he did not live for two hundred years.

အရကသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Araka Sutta is concluded.

မဟာဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Great Chapter is concluded.

၈. ဝိနယဝဂ္ဂေါ

8. The Chapter on Discipline.

၁-၈. ပဌမဝိနယဓရသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

1-8. Commentary on the First Discourse on the Vinaya-Holder, and others.

၇၅-၈၂. အဋ္ဌမဿ ပဌမံ ဒုတိယဉ္စ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထမေဝ. တတိယေ ဝိနယလက္ခဏေ ပတိဋ္ဌိတော လဇ္ဇိဘာဝေန ဝိနယလက္ခဏေ ဌိတော ဟောတိ. အလဇ္ဇီ (ပါရာ. အဋ္ဌ. ၁.၄၅) ဟိ ဗဟုဿုတောပိ သမာနော လာဘဂရုကတာယ တန္တိံ ဝိသံဝါဒေတွာ ဥဒ္ဓမ္မံ ဥဗ္ဗိနယံ သတ္ထုသာသနံ ဒီပေတွာ သာသနေ မဟန္တံ ဥပဒ္ဒဝံ ကရောတိ, သံဃဘေဒမ္ပိ သံဃရာဇိမ္ပိ ဥပ္ပာဒေတိ. လဇ္ဇီ ပန ကုက္ကုစ္စကော သိက္ခာကာမော ဇီဝိတဟေတုပိ တန္တိံ အဝိသံဝါဒေတွာ ဓမ္မမေဝ ဝိနယမေဝ စ ဒီပေတိ, သတ္ထုသာသနံ ဂရုံ ကတွာ ဌပေတိ. ဧဝံ ယော လဇ္ဇီ, သော ဝိနယံ အဇဟန္တော အဝေါက္ကမန္တောဝ လဇ္ဇိဘာဝေန ဝိနယလက္ခဏေ ဌိတော ဟောတိ ပတိဋ္ဌိတော.

75-82. The first and second of the eighth have a clear meaning. In the third, 'established in the characteristic of discipline' means one is situated in the characteristic of discipline through having a sense of shame. For the shameless one, even if very learned, due to being intent on gain, misrepresents the textual tradition and, by proclaiming non-Dhamma and non-Vinaya as the Teacher's teaching, causes great trouble in the dispensation, and even produces schism in the Sangha and strife in the Sangha. But the one with a sense of shame, being scrupulous and desirous of the training, does not misrepresent the textual tradition even for the sake of his life. Instead, he illuminates only the Dhamma and the Vinaya, holding the Teacher's teaching in high regard. Thus, one who has a sense of shame, by not abandoning or deviating from the discipline, is situated and established in the characteristic of discipline through that sense of shame.

အသံဟီရောတိ ဧတ္ထ သံဟီရော နာမ ယော ပါဠိယံ ဝါ အဋ္ဌကထာယံ ဝါ ဟေဋ္ဌာ ဝါ ဥပရိတော ဝါ ပဒပဋိပါဋိယာ ဝါ ပုစ္ဆိယမာနော ဝိတ္ထုနတိ ဝိပ္ဖန္ဒတိ, သဏ္ဌာတုံ န သက္ကောတိ, ယံ ယံ ပရေန ဝုစ္စတိ, တံ တံ အနုဇာနာတိ, သကဝါဒံ ဆဍ္ဍေတွာ ပရဝါဒံ ဂဏှာတိ. ယော ပန ပါဠိယံ ဝါ အဋ္ဌကထာယံ ဝါ ဟေဋ္ဌုပရိယဝသေန ဝါ ပဒပဋိပါဋိယာ ဝါ ပုစ္ဆိယမာနော န ဝိတ္ထုနတိ န ဝိပ္ဖန္ဒတိ, ဧကေကလောမံ သဏ္ဍာသေန ဂဏှန္တော ဝိယ ‘‘ဧဝံ မယံ ဝဒါမ, ဧဝံ နော အာစရိယာ ဝဒန္တီ’’တိ ဝိဿဇ္ဇေတိ. ယမှိ ပါဠိ စ ပါဠိဝိနိစ္ဆယော စ သုဝဏ္ဏဘာဇနေ ပက္ခိတ္တသီဟဝသာ ဝိယ ပရိက္ခယံ ပရိယာဒါနံ အဂစ္ဆန္တော တိဋ္ဌတိ, အယံ ဝုစ္စတိ အသံဟီရော. ယသ္မာ ပန ဧဝရူပေါ ယံ ယံ ပရေန ဝုစ္စတိ, တံ တံ နာနုဇာနာတိ, အတ္တနာ သုဝိနိစ္ဆိနိတံ ကတွာ ဂဟိတံ အဝိပရီတမတ္ထံ န [Pg.199] ဝိဿဇ္ဇေတိ, တသ္မာ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘န သက္ကောတိ ဂဟိတဂ္ဂဟဏံ ဝိဿဇ္ဇာပေတု’’န္တိ. စတုတ္ထာဒီနိ သုဝိညေယျာနိ.

Regarding 'unshaken': here, one called 'shaken' is a person who, when questioned on the Pāli or the commentary, on what comes before or after, or on the sequence of words, falters and wavers, is unable to stand firm, agrees with whatever others say, and, abandoning his own view, adopts the view of others. But one who, when questioned on the Pāli or the commentary, on what comes before or after, or on the sequence of words, does not falter or waver, but answers as if grasping each single hair with tongs, saying, 'This is what we say; this is what our teachers say'—one in whom the Pāli and the analysis of the Pāli stand without coming to destruction or exhaustion, like lion’s fat placed in a golden vessel—this one is called 'unshaken.' Because such a person does not agree with whatever others say, and does not relinquish the correct meaning he has grasped after having well ascertained it himself, therefore it is said: 'He cannot be made to relinquish what he has grasped.' The fourth and the following are easily understood.

ပဌမဝိနယဓရသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the First Discourse on the Vinaya-Holder, and others, is concluded.

၉. သတ္ထုသာသနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

9. Commentary on the Discourse on the Teacher's Dispensation.

၈၃. နဝမေ ဝိဝေကဋ္ဌောတိ ဝိဝိတ္တော. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဒူရီဘူတော’’တိ. သတိအဝိပ္ပဝါသေ ဌိတောတိ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနေ သတိံ အဝိဇဟိတွာ ဌိတော. ပေသိတတ္တောတိ ကာယေ စ ဇီဝိတေ စ အနပေက္ခတာယ နိဗ္ဗာနံ ပေသိတစိတ္တော တန္နိန္နော တပ္ပောဏော တပ္ပဗ္ဘာရော.

83. In the ninth sutta, 'standing in seclusion' means 'secluded'. Therefore, he said, 'become distant.' 'Stands in non-absence of mindfulness' means he stands without having abandoned mindfulness on the meditation subject. 'One who has dispatched himself' means that, through lack of concern for body and life, his mind is dispatched towards Nibbāna, sloping towards it, inclining towards it, heading towards it.

သတ္ထုသာသနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Discourse on the Teacher's Dispensation is concluded.

၁၀. အဓိကရဏသမထသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

10. Commentary on the Discourse on the Settling of Issues.

၈၄. ဒသမေ အဓိကရီယန္တိ ဧတ္ထာတိ အဓိကရဏာနိ. ကေ အဓိကရီယန္တိ? သမထာ. ကထံ အဓိကရီယန္တိ? သမနဝသေန. တသ္မာ တေ တေသံ သမနဝသေန ပဝတ္တန္တီတိ အာဟ ‘‘အဓိကရဏာနိ သမေန္တီ’’တိအာဒိ. ဥပ္ပန္နာနံ ဥပ္ပနာနန္တိ ဥဋ္ဌိတာနံ ဥဋ္ဌိတာနံ. သမထတ္ထန္တိ သမနတ္ထံ. ဒီဃနိကာယေ သင်္ဂီတိသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာယမ္ပိ (ဒီ. နိ. အဋ္ဌ. ၃.၃၃၁) ဝိတ္ထာရတောယေဝါတိ ဧတ္ထာယံ ဝိတ္ထာရနယော – အဓိကရဏေသု တာဝ ဓမ္မောတိ ဝါ အဓမ္မောတိ ဝါ အဋ္ဌာရသဟိ ဝတ္ထူဟိ ဝိဝဒန္တာနံ ဘိက္ခူနံ ယော ဝိဝါဒေါ, ဣဒံ ဝိဝါဒါဓိကရဏံ နာမ. သီလဝိပတ္တိယာ ဝါ အာစာရဒိဋ္ဌိအာဇီဝဝိပတ္တိယာ ဝါ အနုဝဒန္တာနံ ယော အနုဝါဒေါ ဥပဝဒနာ စေဝ စောဒနာ စ, ဣဒံ အနုဝါဒါဓိကရဏံ နာမ. မာတိကာယံ အာဂတာ ပဉ္စ, ဝိဘင်္ဂေ ဒွေတိ သတ္တပိ အာပတ္တိက္ခန္ဓာ, ဣဒံ အာပတ္တာဓိကရဏံ နာမ. ယံ သံဃဿ အပလောကနာဒီနံ စတုန္နံ ကမ္မာနံ ကရဏံ, ဣဒံ ကိစ္စာဓိကရဏံ နာမ.

84. In the tenth, 'adhikaraṇāni' (legal issues) are so called because 'they are dealt with therein.' What are dealt with? The means of settlement (samathā). How are they dealt with? By way of pacification. Therefore, since they proceed by way of pacification, it is said, 'legal issues are settled,' and so on. 'Of those arisen, arisen' means 'of those that have come up, that have come up.' 'For the purpose of settlement' means 'for the purpose of pacification.' In the commentary on the Saṅgīti Sutta in the Dīghanikāya, the detailed explanation is as follows: Regarding legal issues, first, the dispute of bhikkhus wrangling over eighteen grounds as to whether something is Dhamma or not Dhamma is called a 'dispute-based legal issue.' The accusation concerning a failure in virtue, conduct, view, or livelihood—which is both a reproach and an indictment—is called an 'accusation-based legal issue.' The five categories that come in the Mātikā and the two in the Vibhaṅga—that is, the seven groups of offenses—are called an 'offense-based legal issue.' The performance of the four kinds of formal acts of the Saṅgha, beginning with proclamation (apalokana), is called a 'duty-based legal issue'.

တတ္ထ ဝိဝါဒါဓိကရဏံ ဒွီဟိ သမထေဟိ သမ္မတိ သမ္မုခါဝိနယေန စ ယေဘုယျသိကာယ စ. သမ္မုခါဝိနယေနေဝ သမ္မမာနံ ယသ္မိံ ဝိဟာရေ ဥပ္ပန္နံ တသ္မိံယေဝ [Pg.200] ဝါ, အညတြ ဝူပသမေတုံ ဂစ္ဆန္တာနံ အန္တရာမဂ္ဂေ ဝါ, ယတ္ထ ဂန္တွာ သံဃဿ နိယျာတိတံ, တတ္ထ သံဃေန ဝါ, သံဃေ ဝူပသမေတုံ အသက္ကောန္တေ တတ္ထေဝ ဥဗ္ဗာဟိကာယ သမ္မတပုဂ္ဂလေဟိ ဝါ ဝိနိစ္ဆိတံ သမ္မတိ. ဧဝံ သမ္မမာနေ စ ပနေတသ္မိံ ယာ သံဃသမ္မုခတော ဓမ္မသမ္မုခတော ဝိနယသမ္မုခတာ ပုဂ္ဂလသမ္မုခတာ, အယံ သမ္မုခါဝိနယော နာမ. တတ္ထ စ ကာရကသံဃဿ သံဃသာမဂ္ဂိဝသေန သမ္မုခိဘာဝေါ သံဃသမ္မုခတာ. သမေတဗ္ဗဿ ဝတ္ထုနော ဘူတတ္တာ ဓမ္မသမ္မုခတာ. ယထာ တံ သမေတဗ္ဗံ, တထေဝဿ သမနံ ဝိနယသမ္မုခတာ. ယော စ ဝိဝဒတိ, ယေန စ ဝိဝဒတိ, တေသံ ဥဘိန္နံ အတ္ထပစ္စတ္ထိကာနံ သမ္မုခီဘာဝေါ ပုဂ္ဂလသမ္မုခတာ. ဥဗ္ဗာဟိကာယ ဝူပသမေ ပနေတ္ထ သံဃသမ္မုခတာ ပရိဟာယတိ. ဧဝံ တာဝ သမ္မုခါဝိနယေနေဝ သမ္မတိ.

A dispute-based legal issue is settled by two means of settlement: by the face-to-face procedure and by the majority decision. When settling solely by the face-to-face procedure, a matter that has arisen in a certain monastery is settled either in that very monastery, or on the way while going elsewhere to settle it, or wherever it is presented to the Saṅgha—there it is settled by the Saṅgha. If the Saṅgha is unable to settle it there, then it is decided by individuals agreed upon by means of a committee. When settled in this way, the presence of the Saṅgha, the presence of the Dhamma, the presence of the Vinaya, and the presence of the individuals—this is called the face-to-face procedure. Here, the presence of the Saṅgha refers to the acting Saṅgha being present by way of its concord. The presence of the Dhamma refers to the matter to be settled being true. The presence of the Vinaya refers to its settlement being in accordance with how it should be settled. The presence of the individuals refers to both the disputing parties, the plaintiff and defendant, being face-to-face. However, in the case of settlement by a committee, the presence of the Saṅgha is lacking. Thus, it is first settled solely by the face-to-face procedure.

သစေ ပနေဝမ္ပိ န သမ္မတိ, အထ နံ ဥဗ္ဗာဟိကာယ သမ္မတာ ဘိက္ခူ ‘‘န မယံ သက္ကောမ ဝူပသမေတု’’န္တိ သံဃဿေဝ နိယျာတေန္တိ. တတော သံဃော ပဉ္စင်္ဂသမန္နာဂတံ ဘိက္ခုံ သလာကဂ္ဂါဟာပကံ သမ္မန္နတိ, တေန ဂုဠှကဝိဝဋကသကဏ္ဏဇပ္ပကေသု တီသု သလာကဂ္ဂါဟကေသု အညတရဝသေန သလာကံ ဂါဟာပေတွာ သန္နိပတိတာယ ပရိသာယ ဓမ္မဝါဒီနံ ယေဘုယျတာယ ယထာ တေ ဓမ္မဝါဒိနော ဝဒန္တိ, ဧဝံ ဝူပသန္တံ အဓိကရဏံ သမ္မုခါဝိနယေန စ ယေဘုယျသိကာယ စ ဝူပသန္တံ ဟောတိ. တတ္ထ သမ္မုခါဝိနယော ဝုတ္တနယော ဧဝ. ယံ ပန ယေဘုယျသိကာကမ္မဿ ကရဏံ, အယံ ယေဘုယျသိကာ နာမ. ဧဝံ ဝိဝါဒါဓိကရဏံ ဒွီဟိ သမထေဟိ သမ္မတိ.

If even then it is not settled, then the bhikkhus appointed by committee declare, "We are unable to settle it," and refer it back to the Saṅgha. Then the Saṅgha appoints a bhikkhu endowed with five qualities as the ballot-taker. He has the ballots taken by one of three methods—secret, open, or whispering in the ear—and in the assembled company, the legal issue is settled according to the majority of those who speak in accordance with the Dhamma. Thus, the legal issue is settled by the face-to-face procedure and by the majority decision. Herein, the face-to-face procedure is as previously stated. The performance of the act of taking a majority vote is called the 'majority decision.' In this way, a dispute-based legal issue is settled by two means of settlement.

အနုဝါဒါဓိကရဏံ စတူဟိ သမထေဟိ သမ္မတိ သမ္မုခါဝိနယေန စ သတိဝိနယေန စ အမူဠှဝိနယေန စ တဿပါပိယသိကာယ စ. သမ္မုခါဝိနယေနေဝ သမ္မမာနံ ယော စ အနုဝဒတိ, ယဉ္စ အနုဝဒတိ, တေသံ ဝစနံ သုတွာ သစေ ကာစိ အာပတ္တိ နတ္ထိ, ဥဘော ခမာပေတွာ, သစေ အတ္ထိ အယံ နာမေတ္ထ အာပတ္တီတိ ဧဝံ ဝိနိစ္ဆိတံ ဝူပသမ္မတိ. တတ္ထ သမ္မုခါဝိနယလက္ခဏံ ဝုတ္တနယမေဝ.

An accusation-based legal issue is settled by four means of settlement: by the face-to-face procedure, by the verdict of innocence based on mindfulness, by the verdict for past insanity, and by the procedure for the corrupt. When settling solely by the face-to-face procedure, if, after hearing the statements of both the accuser and the accused, there is no offense, both should be made to ask for forgiveness. If there is an offense, it is resolved by determining, 'This is indeed such an offense.' Here, the characteristic of the face-to-face procedure is as previously explained.

ယဒါ ပန ခီဏာသဝဿ ဘိက္ခုနော အမူလိကာယ သီလဝိပတ္တိယာ အနုဒ္ဓံသိတဿ သတိဝိနယံ ယာစမာနဿ သံဃော ဉတ္တိစတုတ္ထေန ကမ္မေန သတိဝိနယံ ဒေတိ, တဒါ သမ္မုခါဝိနယေန စ သတိဝိနယေန စ ဝူပသန္တံ ဟောတိ. ဒိန္နေ ပန သတိဝိနယေ ပုန တသ္မိံ ပုဂ္ဂလေ ကဿစိ အနုဝါဒေါ န ရုဟတိ. ယဒါ ဥမ္မတ္တကော ဘိက္ခု ဥမ္မာဒဝသေန ကတေ အဿာမဏကေ အဇ္ဈာစာရေ ‘‘သရတာယသ္မာ ဧဝရူပိံ အာပတ္တိ’’န္တိ ဘိက္ခူဟိ စောဒိယမာနော ‘‘ဥမ္မတ္တကေန [Pg.201] မေ, အာဝုသော, ဧတံ ကတံ, နာဟံ တံ သရာမီ’’တိ ဘဏန္တောပိ ဘိက္ခူဟိ စောဒိယမာနောဝ ပုန အစောဒနတ္ထာယ အမူဠှဝိနယံ ယာစတိ, သံဃော စဿ ဉတ္တိစတုတ္ထေန ကမ္မေန အမူဠှဝိနယံ ဒေတိ. တဒါ သမ္မုခါဝိနယေန စ အမူဠှဝိနယေန စ ဝူပသန္တံ ဟောတိ. ဒိန္နေ ပန အမူဠှဝိနယေ ပုန တသ္မိံ ပုဂ္ဂလေ ကဿစိ တပ္ပစ္စယာ အနုဝါဒေါ န ရုဟတိ. ယဒါ ပန ပါရာဇိကေန ဝါ ပါရာဇိကသာမန္တေန ဝါ စောဒိယမာနဿ အညေနညံ ပဋိစရတော ပါပုဿန္နတာယ ပါပိယဿ ပုဂ္ဂလဿ ‘‘သစာယံ အစ္ဆိန္နမူလော ဘဝိဿတိ, သမ္မာ ဝတ္တိတွာ ဩသာရဏံ လဘိဿတိ. သစေ ဆိန္နမူလော, အယမေဝဿ နာသနာ ဘဝိဿတီ’’တိ မညမာနော သံဃော ဉတ္တိစတုတ္ထေန ကမ္မေန တဿပါပိယသိကံ ကရောတိ, တဒါ သမ္မုခါဝိနယေန စ တဿပါပိယသိကာယ စ ဝူပသန္တံ ဟောတီတိ. ဧဝံ အနုဝါဒါဓိကရဏံ စတူဟိ သမထေဟိ သမ္မတိ.

When a bhikkhu whose corruptions are destroyed is accused of a groundless transgression of morality, and he requests a verdict of innocence based on mindfulness, the Saṅgha grants it to him through a formal act consisting of one motion and three announcements. Then it is settled by the face-to-face procedure and by the verdict of innocence based on mindfulness. Once this verdict has been granted, no one can bring up an accusation against that individual based on that matter again. When an insane bhikkhu, due to his insanity, commits an act unbecoming of a renunciate, and other bhikkhus accuse him, saying, "Venerable, do you remember committing such an offense?"—even if he replies, "Friends, I was insane when I did that; I do not remember it"—but the bhikkhus continue to accuse him, and he requests a verdict for past insanity to avoid further accusations, the Saṅgha grants it to him by a formal act consisting of one motion and three announcements. Then it is settled by the face-to-face procedure and the verdict for past insanity. Once this verdict has been granted, no one can bring up an accusation against that individual based on that reason again. When a person accused of an offense entailing expulsion or bordering on expulsion evades the issue by making counter-accusations, and due to his being overcome by wickedness, the Saṅgha thinks, "If this person has not destroyed his wholesome roots, he may behave properly and obtain reinstatement. But if he has destroyed his wholesome roots, this will be his ruin"—then the Saṅgha imposes the procedure for the corrupt on him by a formal act consisting of one motion and three announcements. Then it is settled by the face-to-face procedure and the procedure for the corrupt. Thus, an accusation-based legal issue is settled by these four means of settlement.

အာပတ္တာဓိကရဏံ တီဟိ သမထေဟိ သမ္မတိ သမ္မုခါဝိနယေန စ ပဋိညာတကရဏေန စ တိဏဝတ္ထာရကေန စ. တဿ သမ္မုခါဝိနယေနေဝ ဝူပသမော နတ္ထိ. ယဒါ ပန ဧကဿ ဝါ ဘိက္ခုနော သန္တိကေ သံဃဂဏမဇ္ဈေသု ဝါ ဘိက္ခု လဟုကံ အာပတ္တိံ ဒေသေတိ, တဒါ အာပတ္တာဓိကရဏံ သမ္မုခါဝိနယေန စ ပဋိညာတကရဏေန စ ဝူပသမ္မတိ. တတ္ထ သမ္မုခါဝိနယေ တာဝ ယော စ ဒေသေတိ, ယဿ စ ဒေသေတိ, တေသံ သမ္မုခီဘာဝေါ ပုဂ္ဂလသမ္မုခတော. သေသံ ဝုတ္တနယမေဝ.

An offense-based legal issue is settled by three means of settlement: by the face-to-face procedure, by the procedure based on acknowledgment, and by the procedure of covering over as with grass. There is no resolution for it solely by the face-to-face procedure. But when a bhikkhu confesses a light offense in the presence of an individual bhikkhu, or in the midst of a group or the Saṅgha, then the offense-based legal issue is settled by the face-to-face procedure and by the procedure based on acknowledgment. In this context, regarding the face-to-face procedure, the face-to-face presence of both the one who confesses and the one to whom it is confessed constitutes the presence of the individuals. The rest is as previously stated.

ပုဂ္ဂလဿ စ ဂဏဿ စ ဒေသနာကာလေ သံဃသမ္မုခတော ပရိဟာယတိ. ယံ ပနေတ္ထ ‘‘အဟံ, ဘန္တေ, ဣတ္ထန္နာမံ အာပတ္တိံ အာပန္နော’’တိ စ ‘‘ပဿသီ’’တိ စ ‘‘အာမ, ပဿာမီ’’တိ စ ပဋိညာတာယ ‘‘အာယတိံ သံဝရေယျာသီ’’တိ ကရဏံ, တံ ပဋိညာတကရဏံ နာမ. သံဃာဒိသေသေ ပရိဝါသာဒိယာစနာ ပဋိညာ, ပရိဝါသာဒီနံ ဒါနံ ပဋိညာတကရဏံ နာမ.

At the time of confession to an individual or a group, the presence of the Saṅgha is lacking. Herein, the procedure based on acknowledgment—whereby one confesses, saying, 'Venerable sir, I have committed such-and-such an offense,' and upon being asked, 'Do you see it?' replies, 'Yes, I see it,' and is told, 'You should restrain yourself in the future'—is called the 'procedure based on acknowledgment.' In the case of a Saṅghādisesa offense, the request for probation and so forth is the acknowledgment, and the granting of probation and so forth is called the 'procedure based on acknowledgment.'

ဒွေပက္ခဇာတာ ပန ဘဏ္ဍနကာရကာ ဘိက္ခူ ဗဟုံ အဿာမဏကံ အဇ္ဈာစာရံ စရိတွာ ပုန လဇ္ဇိဓမ္မေ ဥပ္ပန္နေ ‘‘သစေ မယံ ဣမာဟိ အာပတ္တီဟိ အညမညံ ကာရေဿာမ, သိယာပိ တံ အဓိကရဏံ ကက္ခဠတ္တာယ ဝါဠတ္တာယ သံဝတ္တေယျာ’’တိ အညမညံ အာပတ္တိယာ ကာရာပနေ ဒေါသံ ဒိသွာ ယဒါ ဘိက္ခူ တိဏဝတ္ထာရကကမ္မံ ကရောန္တိ, တဒါ အာပတ္တာဓိကရဏံ သမ္မုခါဝိနယေန စ တိဏဝတ္ထာရကေန စ သမ္မတိ. တတြ ဟိ ယတ္တကာ ဟတ္ထပါသူပဂတာ ‘‘န မေတံ ခမတီ’’တိ ဧဝံ ဒိဋ္ဌာဝိကမ္မံ အကတွာ ‘‘ဒုက္ကဋံ ကမ္မံ ပုန ကာတဗ္ဗံ ကမ္မ’’န္တိ [Pg.202] န ဥက္ကောဋေန္တိ, နိဒ္ဒမ္ပိ ဩက္ကန္တာ ဟောန္တိ, သဗ္ဗေသံ ဌပေတွာ ထုလ္လဝဇ္ဇဉ္စ ဂိဟိပဋိသံယုတ္တဉ္စ သဗ္ဗာပတ္တိယော ဝုဋ္ဌဟန္တိ. ဧဝံ အာပတ္တာဓိကရဏံ တီဟိ သမထေဟိ သမ္မတိ.

But the quarrelsome monks who had formed two factions, having engaged in much unmonastic misconduct, when a sense of shame arose in them again, thought: 'If we cause each other to be charged with these offenses, that dispute might become harsh and violent.' Seeing the fault in causing each other to be charged with offenses, when the monks perform the procedure of covering over with grass, then the offense-related dispute is settled by face-to-face resolution and by the procedure of covering over with grass. For there, as many as are present in the assembly, without making a declaration of disagreement by saying, 'This does not satisfy me,' do not object, saying, 'This is a wrong deed, a deed that must be redone,' and they become tranquil. Except for gross offenses and those connected with laypeople, all offenses are absolved. Thus, the offense-related dispute is settled by three settlements.

ကိစ္စာဓိကရဏံ ဧကေန သမထေန သမ္မတိ သမ္မုခါဝိနယေနေဝ. ဣတိ ဣမာနိ စတ္တာရိ အဓိကရဏာနိ ယထာနုရူပံ ဣမေဟိ သတ္တဟိ သမထေဟိ သမ္မန္တိ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ – ‘‘ဥပ္ပန္နုပ္ပန္နာနံ အဓိကရဏာနံ သမထာယ ဝူပသမာယ သမ္မုခါဝိနယော ဒါတဗ္ဗော…ပေ… တိဏဝတ္ထာရကော’’တိ. သေသံ သဗ္ဗတ္ထ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

A matter concerning duties is settled by one settlement, namely, the procedure of face-to-face resolution. Thus, these four kinds of disputes are settled appropriately by these seven settlements. Therefore, it was said: 'For the stilling and allaying of whatever disputes have arisen, the procedure of face-to-face resolution is to be given... [up to]... the covering over with grass.' The rest is clear in every case.

အဓိကရဏသမထသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Adhikaraṇasamatha Sutta is concluded.

ဝိနယဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The commentary on the Vinayavagga is concluded.

ဣတိ မနောရထပူရဏိယာ အင်္ဂုတ္တရနိကာယ-အဋ္ဌကထာယ

Thus, in the Manorathapūraṇī, the commentary on the Aṅguttara Nikāya,

သတ္တကနိပါတဝဏ္ဏနာယ အနုတ္တာနတ္ထဒီပနာ သမတ္တာ.

the commentary on the Book of the Sevens, an illumination of the profound meaning, is concluded.