နမော တဿ ဘဂဝတော အရဟတော သမ္မာသမ္ဗုဒ္ဓဿ

Homage to that Blessed One, the Worthy One, the Perfectly Enlightened One.

သံယုတ္တနိကာယေ

The Connected Discourses

သဠာယတနဝဂ္ဂ-အဋ္ဌကထာ

The Commentary on the Book of the Six Sense Bases

၁. သဠာယတနသံယုတ္တံ

1. The Connected Discourses on the Six Sense Spheres

၁. အနိစ္စဝဂ္ဂေါ

1. The Chapter on Impermanence

၁. အဇ္ဈတ္တာနိစ္စသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

1. The Commentary on the Discourse on Internal Impermanence

၁. သဠာယတနဝဂ္ဂဿ [Pg.1] ပဌမေ စက္ခုန္တိ ဒွေ စက္ခူနိ – ဉာဏစက္ခု စေဝ မံသစက္ခု စ. တတ္ထ ဉာဏစက္ခု ပဉ္စဝိဓံ – ဗုဒ္ဓစက္ခု, ဓမ္မစက္ခု, သမန္တစက္ခု, ဒိဗ္ဗစက္ခု, ပညာစက္ခူတိ. တေသု ဗုဒ္ဓစက္ခု နာမ အာသယာနုသယဉာဏဉ္စေဝ ဣန္ဒြိယပရောပရိယတ္တဉာဏဉ္စ, ယံ – ‘‘ဗုဒ္ဓစက္ခုနာ လောကံ ဝေါလောကေန္တော’’တိ (မဟာဝ. ၉; မ. နိ. ၁.၂၈၃; ၂.၃၃၈) အာဂတံ. ဓမ္မစက္ခု နာမ ဟေဋ္ဌိမာ တယော မဂ္ဂါ တီဏိ စ ဖလာနိ, ယံ – ‘‘ဝိရဇံ ဝီတမလံ ဓမ္မစက္ခုံ ဥဒပါဒီ’’တိ (မဟာဝ. ၁၆; မ. နိ. ၂.၃၉၅) အာဂတံ. သမန္တစက္ခု နာမ သဗ္ဗညုတညာဏံ, ယံ – ‘‘ပါသာဒမာရုယှ သမန္တစက္ခူ’’တိ (မဟာဝ. ၈; မ. နိ. ၁.၂၈၂; ၂.၃၃၈) အာဂတံ. ဒိဗ္ဗစက္ခု နာမ အာလောကဖရဏေန ဥပ္ပန္နံ ဉာဏံ, ယံ – ‘‘ဒိဗ္ဗေန စက္ခုနာ ဝိသုဒ္ဓေနာ’’တိ (ပါရာ. ၁၃; မ. နိ. ၂.၃၄၁) အာဂတံ. ပညာစက္ခု နာမ စတုသစ္စပရိစ္ဆေဒကဉာဏံ, ယံ – ‘‘စက္ခုံ ဥဒပါဒီ’’တိ (သ. နိ. ၅.၁၀၈၁; မဟာဝ. ၁၅) အာဂတံ.

1. In the first sutta of the Chapter on the Six Sense Bases, 'eye' (cakkhu) refers to two eyes: the eye of wisdom and the eye of flesh. Therein, the eye of wisdom is fivefold: the Buddha-eye, the Dhamma-eye, the all-around eye, the divine eye, and the eye of understanding. Among these, the Buddha-eye is the knowledge of dispositions and underlying tendencies, and the knowledge of the maturity of others' faculties, as it is stated: 'surveying the world with the Buddha-eye.' The Dhamma-eye is the three lower paths and three fruits, as it is stated: 'the stainless, immaculate Dhamma-eye arose.' The all-around eye is the knowledge of omniscience, as it is stated: 'having ascended the palace, the one with the all-around eye.' The divine eye is the knowledge that arises through the pervasion of light, as it is stated: 'with the divine eye, which is purified.' The eye of understanding is the knowledge that defines the four truths, as it is stated: 'the eye arose.'

မံသစက္ခုပိ [Pg.2] ဒုဝိဓံ – သသမ္ဘာရစက္ခု, ပသာဒစက္ခူတိ. တေသု ယွာယံ အက္ခိကူပကေ အက္ခိပဋလေဟိ ပရိဝါရိတော မံသပိဏ္ဍော, ယတ္ထ စတဿော ဓာတုယော ဝဏ္ဏဂန္ဓရသောဇာ သမ္ဘဝေါ ဇီဝိတံ ဘာဝေါ စက္ခုပသာဒေါ ကာယပသာဒေါတိ သင်္ခေပတော တေရသ သမ္ဘာရာ ဟောန္တိ. ဝိတ္ထာရတော ပန စတဿော ဓာတုယော ဝဏ္ဏဂန္ဓရသောဇာ သမ္ဘဝေါတိ ဣမေ နဝ စတုသမုဋ္ဌာနဝသေန ဆတ္တိံသ, ဇီဝိတံ ဘာဝေါ စက္ခုပသာဒေါ ကာယပသာဒေါတိ ဣမေ ကမ္မသမုဋ္ဌာနာ တာဝ စတ္တာရောတိ စတ္တာရီသ သမ္ဘာရာ ဟောန္တိ. ဣဒံ သသမ္ဘာရစက္ခု နာမ. ယံ ပနေတ္ထ သေတမဏ္ဍလပရိစ္ဆိန္နေန ကဏှမဏ္ဍလေန ပရိဝါရိတေ ဒိဋ္ဌိမဏ္ဍလေ သန္နိဝိဋ္ဌံ ရူပဒဿနသမတ္ထံ ပသာဒမတ္တံ, ဣဒံ ပသာဒစက္ခု နာမ. တဿ တတော ပရေသဉ္စ သောတာဒီနံ ဝိတ္ထာရကထာ ဝိသုဒ္ဓိမဂ္ဂေ ဝုတ္တာဝ.

The eye of flesh is also twofold: the eye with its components and the sensitive eye. Among these, there is that lump of flesh in the eye-socket, surrounded by the membranes of the eye, wherein, in brief, there are thirteen components: the four great elements, color, odor, taste, nutritive essence, genesis, life faculty, sex faculty, eye sensitivity, and body sensitivity. In detail, however, these nine—the four great elements, color, odor, taste, nutritive essence, and genesis—by way of the four origins, become thirty-six; and these four—the life faculty, sex faculty, eye sensitivity, and body sensitivity—are originated by kamma. Thus, there are forty components. This is called the eye with its components. As for that which is the mere sensitivity capable of seeing forms, situated in the circle of the pupil, which is surrounded by the black circle and demarcated by the white circle—this is called the sensitive eye. A detailed account of this and of the others, the ear and so on, has already been given in the Visuddhimagga.

တတ္ထ ယဒိဒံ ပသာဒစက္ခု, တံ ဂဟေတွာ ဘဂဝါ – စက္ခုံ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, အနိစ္စန္တိအာဒိမာဟ. တတ္ထ – ‘‘စတူဟိ ကာရဏေဟိ အနိစ္စံ ဥဒယဗ္ဗယဝန္တတာယာ’’တိအာဒိနာ နယေန ဝိတ္ထာရကထာ ဟေဋ္ဌာ ပကာသိတာယေဝ. သောတမ္ပိ ပသာဒသောတမေဝ အဓိပ္ပေတံ, တထာ ဃာနဇိဝှာကာယာ. မနောတိ တေဘူမကသမ္မသနစာရစိတ္တံ. ဣတိ ဣဒံ သုတ္တံ ဆသု အဇ္ဈတ္တိကာယတနေသု တီဏိ လက္ခဏာနိ ဒဿေတွာ ကထိတေ ဗုဇ္ဈနကာနံ အဇ္ဈာသယေန ဝုတ္တံ.

Therein, it is with reference to this sensitive eye that the Blessed One said: 'Monks, the eye is impermanent,' and so on. In this context, the detailed explanation in the manner of 'Impermanent for four reasons: because it possesses rise and fall,' etc., has already been shown below. By 'ear' also, only the sensitive ear is intended, and likewise for the nose, tongue, and body. By 'mind' is intended the mind of insight whose sphere is the contemplation of the three planes. Thus this sutta, having shown the three characteristics in the six internal sense bases, was spoken in accordance with the disposition of those who were to understand.

၂-၃. အဇ္ဈတ္တဒုက္ခသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

2-3. Commentary on the Discourses on Internal Suffering, etc.

၂-၃. ဒုတိယံ ဒွေ လက္ခဏာနိ, တတိယံ ဧကလက္ခဏံ ဒဿေတွာ ကထိတေ ဗုဇ္ဈနကာနံ အဇ္ဈာသယေန ဝုတ္တံ. သေသာနိ ပန တေဟိ သလ္လက္ခိတာနိ ဝါ ဧတ္တကေနေဝ ဝါ သလ္လက္ခေဿန္တီတိ.

2-3. The second [discourse] was taught showing two characteristics (suffering and not-self), and the third, one characteristic (not-self), in accordance with the disposition of those who were to understand. As for the remaining characteristics, they were either already well noted by them, or they will understand by just this much.

၄-၆. ဗာဟိရာနိစ္စသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

4-6. Commentary on the Discourses on External Impermanence, etc.

၄-၆. စတုတ္ထေ ရူပဂန္ဓရသဖောဋ္ဌဗ္ဗာ စတုသမုဋ္ဌာနာ, သဒ္ဒေါ ဒွိသမုဋ္ဌာနော, ဓမ္မာတိ တေဘူမကဓမ္မာရမ္မဏံ. ဣဒမ္ပိ ဗာဟိရေသု ဆသု အာယတနေသု တိလက္ခဏံ ဒဿေတွာ ကထိတေ ဗုဇ္ဈနကာနံ ဝသေန ဝုတ္တံ. ပဉ္စမေ ဆဋ္ဌေ စ ဒုတိယတတိယေသု ဝုတ္တသဒိသောဝ နယော.

4-6. In the fourth, form, smell, taste, and tactile objects have four causes of arising; sound has two causes of arising; and by 'dhamma' is meant the mental-object pertaining to the three planes. This too was spoken in accordance with those who are to understand, when the three characteristics regarding the six external sense bases were shown and taught. In the fifth and sixth, the method is just like that stated in the second and third.

၇-၁၂. အဇ္ဈတ္တာနိစ္စာတီတာနာဂတသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

7-12. Commentary on the Discourses beginning with Internal Impermanence (Past and Future), etc.

၇-၁၂. သတ္တမာဒီနိ [Pg.3] အတီတာနာဂတေသု စက္ခာဒီသု အနိစ္စလက္ခဏာဒီနိ သလ္လက္ခေတွာ ပစ္စုပ္ပန္နေသု ဗလဝဂါဟေန ကိလမန္တာနံ ဝသေန ဝုတ္တာနိ. သေသံ သဗ္ဗတ္ထ ဟေဋ္ဌာ ဝုတ္တနယမေဝါတိ.

7-12. The discourses beginning with the seventh were spoken for the sake of those who are weary from strong grasping of present phenomena, after having noted the characteristics of impermanence, etc., in the eye, etc., of the past and future. In all cases, the remainder is just according to the method stated before.

အနိစ္စဝဂ္ဂေါ ပဌမော.

The First Chapter on Impermanence.

၂. ယမကဝဂ္ဂေါ

2. The Chapter of Pairs

၁-၄. ပဌမပုဗ္ဗေသမ္ဗောဓသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

1-4. Commentary on the First Discourse on Before Enlightenment, etc.

၁၃-၁၆. ယမကဝဂ္ဂဿ ပဌမဒုတိယေသု အဇ္ဈတ္တိကာနန္တိ အဇ္ဈတ္တဇ္ဈတ္တဝသေန အဇ္ဈတ္တိကာနံ. သော ပန နေသံ အဇ္ဈတ္တိကဘာဝေါ ဆန္ဒရာဂဿ အဓိမတ္တဗလဝတာယ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. မနုဿာနဉှိ အန္တောဃရံ ဝိယ ဆ အဇ္ဈတ္တိကာယတနာနိ, ဃရူပစာရံ ဝိယ ဆ ဗာဟိရာယတနာနိ. ယထာ နေသံ ပုတ္တဒါရဓနဓညပုဏ္ဏေ အန္တောဃရေ ဆန္ဒရာဂေါ အဓိမတ္တဗလဝါ ဟောတိ, တတ္ထ ကဿစိ ပဝိသိတုံ န ဒေန္တိ, အပ္ပမတ္တေန ဘာဇနသဒ္ဒမတ္တေနာပိ ‘‘ကိံ ဧတ’’န္တိ? ဝတ္တာရော ဘဝန္တိ. ဧဝမေဝံ ဆသု အဇ္ဈတ္တိကေသု အာယတနေသု အဓိမတ္တဗလဝဆန္ဒရာဂေါတိ. ဣတိ ဣမာယ ဆန္ဒရာဂဗလဝတာယ တာနိ ‘‘အဇ္ဈတ္တိကာနီ’’တိ ဝုတ္တာနိ. ဃရူပစာရေ ပန နော တထာ ဗလဝါ ဟောတိ, တတ္ထ စရန္တေ မနုဿေပိ စတုပ္ပဒါနိပိ န သဟသာ နိဝါရေန္တိ. ကိဉ္စာပိ န နိဝါရေန္တိ, အနိစ္ဆန္တာ ပန ပသုပစ္ဆိမတ္တမ္ပိ ဂဟိတုံ န ဒေန္တိ. ဣတိ နေသံ တတ္ထ န အဓိမတ္တဗလဝဆန္ဒရာဂေါ ဟောတိ. ရူပါဒီသုပိ တထေဝ န အဓိမတ္တဗလဝဆန္ဒရာဂေါ, တသ္မာ တာနိ ‘‘ဗာဟိရာနီ’’တိ ဝုတ္တာနိ. ဝိတ္ထာရတော ပန အဇ္ဈတ္တိကဗာဟိရကထာ ဝိသုဒ္ဓိမဂ္ဂေ ဝုတ္တာဝ. သေသံ ဒွီသုပိ သုတ္တေသု ဟေဋ္ဌာ ဝုတ္တနယမေဝ. တထာ တတိယစတုတ္ထေသု.

13-16. In the first and second [discourses] of the Chapter of Pairs, 'of the internal' means of that which is internal by way of being truly internal. Their state of being internal should be understood as due to the excessively great strength of sensual desire. For humans, the six internal sense bases are like the interior of a house, and the six external sense bases are like the approach to a house. Just as their sensual desire for a house full of children, wives, wealth, and grain is excessively strong—so much so that they do not allow anyone to enter, and even at the mere sound of a pot they are ones to ask, 'What is that?'—even so, sensual desire is excessively strong in the six internal sense bases. Thus, due to this strength of sensual desire, they are called 'internal.' In the approach to the house, however, it is not so strong; there, they do not hastily prevent people or quadrupeds who are moving about. Though they do not prevent them, if unwilling, they do not allow even a blade of grass to be taken. Thus, their sensual desire there is not excessively strong. Similarly, in regard to forms, etc., sensual desire is not excessively strong; therefore, they are called 'external.' The detailed discussion of internal and external has already been stated in the Visuddhimagga. The rest in both suttas is according to the method explained earlier. The same applies to the third and fourth [discourses].

၅-၆. ပဌမနောစေအဿာဒသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

5-6. Commentary on the First Sutta on 'If There Were No Gratification', etc.

၁၇-၁၈. ပဉ္စမေ နိဿဋာတိ နိက္ခန္တာ. ဝိသညုတ္တာတိ နောသံယုတ္တာ. ဝိပ္ပမုတ္တာတိ နော အဓိမုတ္တာ ဝိမရိယာဒီကတေန စေတသာတိ နိမ္မရိယာဒီကတေန စေတသာ. ယဉှိ ကိလေသဇာတံ ဝါ ဝဋ္ဋံ ဝါ အပ္ပဟီနံ ဟောတိ, တေန [Pg.4] သေခါနံ စိတ္တံ သမရိယာဒီကတံ နာမ. ယံ ပဟီနံ, တေန ဝိမရိယာဒီကတံ. ဣဓ ပန သဗ္ဗသော ကိလေသာနဉ္စေဝ ဝဋ္ဋဿ စ ပဟီနတ္တာ ဝိမရိယာဒီကတေန ကိလေသဝဋ္ဋမရိယာဒံ အတိက္ကန္တေန စိတ္တေန ဝိဟရိံသူတိ အတ္ထော. ဆဋ္ဌေပိ ဧသေဝ နယော. ဆသုပိ ပနေတေသု သုတ္တေသု စတုသစ္စမေဝ ကထိတန္တိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ.

17-18. In the fifth, 'departed' means having gone forth. 'Disunited' means not united. 'Liberated' means not un-liberated. 'With a mind free from limitations' means with a mind made without boundaries. For when any mass of defilements or the cycle of existence remains unabandoned, by that the mind of trainees is said to be limited. By that which is abandoned, it is made unlimited. Here, however, because all defilements and the cycle are completely abandoned, they dwelled with a mind free from limitations, which has transcended the limitations of defilements and the cycle—this is the meaning. The same method applies to the sixth. It should be understood that in these six suttas, only the Four Truths are discussed.

၇-၁၀. ပဌမာဘိနန္ဒသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

7-10. Commentary on the First Sutta on Rejoicing, etc.

၁၉-၂၂. သတ္တမာဒီသု စတူသု ဝဋ္ဋဝိဝဋ္ဋမေဝ ကထိတံ. အနုပုဗ္ဗကထာ ပန နေသံ ဟေဋ္ဌာ ဝုတ္တနယေနေဝ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာတိ.

19-22. In the four suttas beginning with the seventh, only the round of existence and that which is free from the round are taught. Their sequential explanation, however, should be understood according to the method stated below.

ယမကဝဂ္ဂေါ ဒုတိယော.

The Yamaka Chapter, the second.

၃. သဗ္ဗဝဂ္ဂေါ

3. The Chapter on All

၁. သဗ္ဗသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

1. Commentary on the Sutta on All

၂၃. သဗ္ဗဝဂ္ဂဿ ပဌမေ သဗ္ဗံ ဝေါ, ဘိက္ခဝေတိ သဗ္ဗံ နာမ စတုဗ္ဗိဓံ – သဗ္ဗသဗ္ဗံ, အာယတနသဗ္ဗံ, သက္ကာယသဗ္ဗံ, ပဒေသသဗ္ဗန္တိ. တတ္ထ –

23. In the first sutta of the Chapter on All, in the phrase 'all, monks,' the term 'all' is of four kinds: the all-encompassing all, the sense-base all, the personality-group all, and the partial all. Among these—

‘‘န တဿ အဒ္ဒိဋ္ဌမိဓအတ္ထိ ကိဉ္စိ,အထော အဝိညာတမဇာနိတဗ္ဗံ;

သဗ္ဗံ အဘိညာသိ ယဒတ္ထိ နေယျံ,တထာဂတော တေန သမန္တစက္ခူ’’တိ. (မဟာနိ. ၁၅၆;

စူဠနိ. ဓောတကမာဏဝပုစ္ဆာနိဒ္ဒေသော ၃၂;

ပဋိ. မ. ၁.၁၂၁) –

“Here there is nothing unseen by him, nor anything unknown or unknowable. He has directly known all that can be known; therefore the Tathāgata is the All-Seeing One.”

ဣဒံ သဗ္ဗသဗ္ဗံ နာမ. ‘‘သဗ္ဗံ ဝေါ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, ဒေသေဿာမိ, တံ သုဏာထာ’’တိ (သံ. နိ. ၄.၂၄) ဣဒံ အာယတနသဗ္ဗံ နာမ. ‘‘သဗ္ဗဓမ္မမူလပရိယာယံ ဝေါ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, ဒေသေဿာမီ’’တိ (မ. နိ. ၁.၁) ဣဒံ သက္ကာယသဗ္ဗံ နာမ. ‘‘သဗ္ဗဓမ္မေသု ဝါ ပန ပဌမသမန္နာဟာရော ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ စိတ္တံ မနော မာနသံ…ပေ… တဇ္ဇာမနောဓာတူ’’တိ ဣဒံ ပဒေသသဗ္ဗံ နာမ. ဣတိ ပဉ္စာရမ္မဏမတ္တံ ပဒေသသဗ္ဗံ. တေဘူမကဓမ္မာ သက္ကာယသဗ္ဗံ. စတုဘူမကဓမ္မာ အာယတနသဗ္ဗံ. ယံကိဉ္စိ နေယျံ သဗ္ဗသဗ္ဗံ. ပဒေသသဗ္ဗံ သက္ကာယသဗ္ဗံ [Pg.5] န ပါပုဏာတိ, သက္ကာယသဗ္ဗံ အာယတနသဗ္ဗံ န ပါပုဏာတိ, အာယတနသဗ္ဗံ သဗ္ဗသဗ္ဗံ န ပါပုဏာတိ. ကသ္မာ? သဗ္ဗညုတညာဏဿ အယံ နာမ ဓမ္မော အာရမ္မဏံ န ဟောတီတိ နတ္ထိတာယ. ဣမသ္မိံ ပန သုတ္တေ အာယတနသဗ္ဗံ အဓိပ္ပေတံ.

This is called the all-encompassing all. “Monks, I will teach you the All; listen to it” (SN 35.23)—this is called the sense-base all. “Monks, I will teach you the root of all phenomena” (MN 1)—this is called the personality-group all. “In all phenomena, the first advertence arises—citta, mano, mānasaṃ… the mind-element born thereof”—this is called the partial all. Thus, the partial all is merely the five sense-objects. The phenomena of the three planes are the personality-group all. The phenomena of the four planes are the sense-base all. Whatever is knowable is the all-encompassing all. The partial all does not reach the personality-group all; the personality-group all does not reach the sense-base all; the sense-base all does not reach the all-encompassing all. Why? Because of the non-existence of any phenomenon that could be said, 'This is not an object for the knowledge of omniscience.' In this sutta, however, the sense-base all is intended.

ပစ္စက္ခာယာတိ ပဋိက္ခိပိတွာ. ဝါစာဝတ္ထုကမေဝဿာတိ, ဝါစာယ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗဝတ္ထုမတ္တကမေဝ ဘဝေယျ. ဣမာနိ ပန ဒွါဒသာယတနာနိ အတိက္ကမိတွာ အယံ နာမ အညော သဘာဝဓမ္မော အတ္ထီတိ ဒဿေတုံ န သက္ကုဏေယျ. ပုဋ္ဌော စ န သမ္ပာယေယျာတိ, ‘‘ကတမံ အညံ သဗ္ဗံ နာမာ’’တိ? ပုစ္ဆိတော, ‘‘ဣဒံ နာမာ’’တိ ဝစနေန သမ္ပာဒေတုံ န သက္ကုဏေယျ. ဝိဃာတံ အာပဇ္ဇေယျာတိ ဒုက္ခံ အာပဇ္ဇေယျ. ယထာ တံ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, အဝိသယသ္မိန္တိ ဧတ္ထ တန္တိ နိပါတမတ္တံ. ယထာတိ ကာရဏဝစနံ, ယသ္မာ အဝိသယေ ပုဋ္ဌောတိ အတ္ထော. အဝိသယသ္မိဉှိ သတ္တာနံ ဝိဃာတောဝ ဟောတိ, ကူဋာဂါရမတ္တံ သိလံ သီသေန ဥက္ခိပိတွာ ဂမ္ဘီရေ ဥဒကေ တရဏံ အဝိသယော, တထာ စန္ဒိမသူရိယာနံ အာကဍ္ဎိတွာ ပါတနံ, တသ္မိံ အဝိသယေ ဝါယမန္တော ဝိဃာတမေဝ အာပဇ္ဇတိ, ဧဝံ ဣမသ္မိမ္ပိ အဝိသယေ ဝိဃာတမေဝ အာပဇ္ဇေယျာတိ အဓိပ္ပာယော.

'Having rejected' means having repudiated. 'It would be a mere matter of speech' means it would be merely a thing to be spoken of by speech. Furthermore, having gone beyond these twelve sense bases, one would not be able to show that 'there exists another natural phenomenon called this.' 'And when questioned, he would not satisfy' means that when asked, “What is that other thing called ‘all’?” he would not be able to satisfy by answering, “It is called this.” 'He would come to distress' means he would come to suffering. In the phrase Yathā taṃ, bhikkhave, avisayasminti, the word taṃ is a mere particle. Yathā is a word indicating reason; the meaning is, 'because one is questioned about what is not one's domain.' For, for beings striving in what is not their domain, only distress occurs. For instance, lifting a stone the size of a gabled building with one's head and crossing deep water is not one's domain; similarly, pulling down the sun and moon is not one's domain. One striving in that which is not one's domain comes only to distress. In the same way, one striving in this matter which is not one's domain would also come only to distress—this is the intended meaning.

၂. ပဟာနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

2. Commentary on the Discourse on Abandoning

၂၄. ဒုတိယေ သဗ္ဗပ္ပဟာနာယာတိ သဗ္ဗဿ ပဟာနာယ. စက္ခုသမ္ဖဿပစ္စယာ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ ဝေဒယိတန္တိ စက္ခုသမ္ဖဿံ မူလပစ္စယံ ကတွာ ဥပ္ပန္နာ သမ္ပဋိစ္ဆနသန္တီရဏဝေါဋ္ဌဗ္ဗနဇဝနဝေဒနာ. စက္ခုဝိညာဏသမ္ပယုတ္တာယ ပန ဝတ္တဗ္ဗမေဝ နတ္ထိ. သောတဒွါရာဒိဝေဒနာပစ္စယာဒီသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော. ဧတ္ထ ပန မနောတိ ဘဝင်္ဂစိတ္တံ. ဓမ္မာတိ အာရမ္မဏံ. မနောဝိညာဏန္တိ သဟာဝဇ္ဇနကဇဝနံ. မနောသမ္ဖဿောတိ ဘဝင်္ဂသဟဇာတော သမ္ဖဿော. ဝေဒယိတန္တိ သဟာဝဇ္ဇနဝေဒနာယ ဇဝနဝေဒနာ. ဘဝင်္ဂသမ္ပယုတ္တာယ ပန ဝတ္တဗ္ဗမေဝ နတ္ထိ. အာဝဇ္ဇနံ ဘဝင်္ဂတော အမောစေတွာ မနောတိ သဟာဝဇ္ဇနေန ဘဝင်္ဂံ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗံ. ဓမ္မာတိ အာရမ္မဏံ. မနောဝိညာဏန္တိ ဇဝနဝိညာဏံ. မနောသမ္ဖဿောတိ ဘဝင်္ဂသဟဇာတော သမ္ဖဿော. ဝေဒယိတန္တိ ဇဝနသဟဇာတာ ဝေဒနာ. သဟာဝဇ္ဇနေန ဘဝင်္ဂသဟဇာတာပိ ဝဋ္ဋတိယေဝ. ယာ ပနေတ္ထ ဒေသနာ အနုသိဋ္ဌိအာဏာ, အယံ ပဏ္ဏတ္တိ နာမာတိ.

24. In the second discourse, 'for the abandoning of all' means for the abandoning of everything. 'Dependent on eye-contact, feeling arises' means the feeling of receiving, investigating, determining, and impulsion that has arisen having made eye-contact the root condition. However, regarding the feeling associated with eye-consciousness, nothing need be said. This same method should be understood for feelings at the ear-door and so on. Here, 'mind' is the life-continuum consciousness. 'Mental objects' is the object. 'Mind-consciousness' is the impulsion together with adverting. 'Mind-contact' is contact co-arisen with the life-continuum. 'Feeling' is the feeling of impulsion together with the feeling of adverting. However, regarding the feeling associated with the life-continuum, nothing need be said. Alternatively, without separating adverting from the life-continuum, 'mind' should be understood as the life-continuum together with adverting. 'Mental objects' is the object. 'Mind-consciousness' is the impulsion-consciousness. 'Mind-contact' is contact co-arisen with the life-continuum. 'Feeling' is the feeling co-arisen with impulsion. Together with adverting, that which is co-arisen with the life-continuum is also suitable. Whatever teaching is here is the authoritative instruction; this is called a designation.

၃. အဘိညာပရိညာပဟာနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

3. Commentary on the Discourse on Direct Knowledge, Full Comprehension, and Abandonment

၂၅. တတိယေ [Pg.6] သဗ္ဗံ အဘိညာ ပရိညာ ပဟာနာယာတိ သဗ္ဗံ အဘိဇာနိတွာ ပရိဇာနိတွာ ပဇဟနတ္ထာယ. အဘိညာ ပရိညာ ပဟာတဗ္ဗန္တိ အဘိဇာနိတွာ ပရိဇာနိတွာ ပဟာတဗ္ဗံ. သေသံ ဝုတ္တနယေနေဝ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ.

25. In the third discourse, 'all for direct knowledge, for full comprehension, for abandonment' means for the purpose of abandoning all, having directly known and fully comprehended it. 'To be directly known, fully comprehended, and abandoned' means that having directly known and fully comprehended, it is to be abandoned. The remainder should be understood in the way already stated.

၄. ပဌမအပရိဇာနနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

4. Commentary on the First Discourse on Not Fully Comprehending

၂၆. စတုတ္ထေ အနဘိဇာနံ အပရိဇာနံ အဝိရာဇယံ အပ္ပဇဟန္တိ အနဘိဇာနန္တော အပရိဇာနန္တော အဝိရာဇေန္တော အပ္ပဇဟန္တော. ဧတ္ထ စ အဝိရာဇေန္တောတိ အဝိဂစ္ဆာပေန္တော. ဣတိ ဣမသ္မိံ သုတ္တေ တိဿောပိ ပရိညာ ကထိတာ ဟောန္တိ. ‘‘အဘိဇာန’’န္တိ ဟိ ဝစနေန ဉာတပရိညာ ကထိတာ, ‘‘ပရိဇာန’’န္တိ ဝစနေန တီရဏပရိညာ, ‘‘ဝိရာဇယံ ပဇဟ’’န္တိ ဒွီဟိ ပဟာနပရိညာတိ.

26. In the fourth discourse, 'not directly knowing, not fully comprehending, not becoming dispassionate toward, not abandoning' means one who is not directly knowing, not fully comprehending, not becoming dispassionate, and not abandoning. Here, 'not becoming dispassionate' means not causing dispassion. Thus, in this discourse, all three kinds of full comprehension are taught. By the word 'directly knowing,' full comprehension as to the known is taught. By the word 'fully comprehending,' full comprehension by investigation is taught. By the two words 'becoming dispassionate toward' and 'abandoning,' full comprehension by abandoning is taught.

၅. ဒုတိယအပရိဇာနနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

5. Commentary on the Second Discourse on Not Fully Comprehending

၂၇. ပဉ္စမေ စက္ခုဝိညာဏဝိညာတဗ္ဗာ ဓမ္မာတိ ဟေဋ္ဌာ ဂဟိတရူပမေဝ ဂဟေတွာ ဒဿေတိ. ဟေဋ္ဌာ ဝါ အာပါထဂတံ ဂဟိတံ, ဣဓ အနာပါထဂတံ. ဣဒံ ပနေတ္ထ သန္နိဋ္ဌာနံ – ဟေဋ္ဌာ အာပါထဂတမ္ပိ အနာပါထဂတမ္ပိ ဂဟိတမေဝ, ဣဓ ပန စက္ခုဝိညာဏသမ္ပယုတ္တာ တယော ခန္ဓာ. တေ ဟိ စက္ခုဝိညာဏေန သဟ ဝိညာတဗ္ဗတ္တာ ‘‘စက္ခုဝိညာဏဝိညာတဗ္ဗာ’’တိ ဝုတ္တာ. သေသပဒေသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော.

27. In the fifth discourse, by the phrase 'phenomena to be known by eye-consciousness,' he shows the very form-object that was taken up previously. Alternatively, previously the form-object that had come into range was taken up, whereas here that which has not come into range is taken up. This is the conclusion here: previously, both that which had come into range and that which had not come into range were indeed taken up, but here it refers to the three aggregates associated with eye-consciousness. For, because they are to be known together with eye-consciousness, they are called 'phenomena to be known by eye-consciousness.' This same method should be understood in the remaining passages as well.

၆. အာဒိတ္တသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

6. Commentary on the Fire Sermon

၂၈. ဆဋ္ဌေ ဂယာသီသေတိ ဂယာဂါမဿ ဟိ အဝိဒူရေ ဂယာတိ ဧကာ ပေါက္ခရဏီပိ အတ္ထိ နဒီပိ, ဂယာသီသနာမကော ဟတ္ထိကုမ္ဘသဒိသော ပိဋ္ဌိပါသာဏောပိ, ယတ္ထ ဘိက္ခုသဟဿဿပိ ဩကာသော ပဟောတိ, ဘဂဝါ တတ္ထ ဝိဟရတိ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘ဂယာသီသေ’’တိ. ဘိက္ခူ အာမန္တေသီတိ တေသံ သပ္ပာယဓမ္မဒေသနံ ဝိစိနိတွာ တံ ဒေသေဿာမီတိ အာမန္တေသိ.

6. In the sixth discourse, the phrase “at Gayāsīsa” is to be understood thus: Indeed, not far from the village of Gayā there is a pond named Gayā and also a river; there is also a large rock-platform named Gayāsīsa, which is like an elephant’s forehead, where there is room for a thousand monks. The Blessed One was dwelling there. Therefore, it was said, “at Gayāsīsa.” The phrase “He addressed the monks” means that having considered a suitable Dhamma teaching for them, he addressed them, intending, “I will teach it.”

တတြာယံ အနုပုဗ္ဗိကထာ – ဣတော ကိရ ဒွါနဝုတိကပ္ပေ မဟိန္ဒော နာမ ရာဇာ အဟောသိ. တဿ ဇေဋ္ဌပုတ္တော ဖုဿော နာမ. သော ပူရိတပါရမီ ပစ္ဆိမဘဝိကသတ္တော, ပရိပါကဂတေ ဉာဏေ ဗောဓိမဏ္ဍံ အာရုယှ သဗ္ဗညုတံ ပဋိဝိဇ္ဈိ[Pg.7]. ရညော ကနိဋ္ဌပုတ္တော တဿ အဂ္ဂသာဝကော အဟောသိ, ပုရောဟိတပုတ္တော ဒုတိယသာဝကော. ရာဇာ စိန္တေသိ – ‘‘မယှံ ဇေဋ္ဌပုတ္တော နိက္ခမိတွာ ဗုဒ္ဓေါ ဇာတော, ကနိဋ္ဌပုတ္တော အဂ္ဂသာဝကော, ပုရောဟိတပုတ္တော ဒုတိယသာဝကော’’တိ. သော ‘‘အမှာကံယေဝ ဗုဒ္ဓေါ, အမှာကံ ဓမ္မော, အမှာကံ သံဃော’’တိ ဝိဟာရံ ကာရေတွာ ဝိဟာရဒွါရကောဋ္ဌကတော ယာဝ အတ္တနော ဃရဒွါရာ ဥဘတော ဝေဠုဘိတ္တိကုဋိကာဟိ ပရိက္ခိပိတွာ မတ္ထကေ သုဝဏ္ဏတာရကခစိတသမောသရိတဂန္ဓဒါမမာလာဒါမဝိတာနံ ဗန္ဓာပေတွာ ဟေဋ္ဌာ ရဇတဝဏ္ဏံ ဝါလုကံ သန္ထရိတွာ ပုပ္ဖာနိ ဝိကိရာပေတွာ တေန မဂ္ဂေန ဘဂဝတော အာဂမနံ ကာရေသိ.

28. Herein is the sequential narrative: It is said that ninety-two eons ago, there was a king named Mahinda. His eldest son was named Phussa. He, having fulfilled the perfections and being a being in his final existence, ascended the seat of enlightenment when his knowledge had matured and penetrated to omniscience. The king’s youngest son became his chief disciple, and the purohita’s son became the second disciple. The king thought: “My eldest son has gone forth and become a Buddha, my youngest son is the chief disciple, and the purohita’s son is the second disciple.” Thinking, “The Buddha is ours alone, the Dhamma is ours, the Sangha is ours,” he had a monastery built. From the monastery’s gatehouse to his own palace door, he had it enclosed on both sides with huts having bamboo-wattle walls. Above, he had a canopy fastened, adorned with golden stars and hung with garlands of incense and flowers. Below, he had silver-colored sand spread and flowers scattered, and by that path, he arranged for the Blessed One’s arrival.

သတ္ထာ ဝိဟာရသ္မိံယေဝ ဌိတော စီဝရံ ပါရုပိတွာ အန္တောသာဏိယာဝ သဒ္ဓိံ ဘိက္ခုသံဃေန ရာဇဂေဟံ အာဂစ္ဆတိ, ကတဘတ္တကိစ္စော အန္တောသာဏိယာဝ ဂစ္ဆတိ. ကောစိ ကဋစ္ဆုဘိက္ခာမတ္တမ္ပိ ဒါတုံ န လဘတိ. တတော နာဂရာ ဥဇ္ဈာယိံသု, ‘‘ဗုဒ္ဓေါ လောကေ ဥပ္ပန္နော, န စ မယံ ပုညာနိ ကာတုံ လဘာမ. ယထာ ဟိ စန္ဒိမသူရိယာ သဗ္ဗေသံ အာလောကံ ကရောန္တိ, ဧဝံ ဗုဒ္ဓါ နာမ သဗ္ဗေသံ ဟိတတ္ထာယ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇန္တိ, အယံ ပန ရာဇာ သဗ္ဗေသံ ပုညစေတနံ အတ္တနောယေဝ အန္တော ပဝေသေတီ’’တိ.

The Teacher, standing right in the monastery, would put on his robe and go to the royal residence with the community of monks, staying within the curtained enclosure. Having finished his meal, he would return, staying within the curtained enclosure. No one could give even a ladleful of alms. Therefore, the townspeople complained: “A Buddha has arisen in the world, yet we do not get to make merit. For just as the sun and moon provide light for all, so too do Buddhas arise for the welfare of all. But this king directs all meritorious intentions only toward himself.”

တဿ စ ရညော အညေ တယော ပုတ္တာ အတ္ထိ. နာဂရာ တေဟိ သဒ္ဓိံ ဧကတော ဟုတွာ သမ္မန္တယိံသု, ‘‘ရာဇကုလေဟိ သဒ္ဓိံ အဋ္ဋော နာမ နတ္ထိ, ဧကံ ဥပါယံ ကရောမာ’’တိ. တေ ပစ္စန္တေ စောရေ ဥဋ္ဌာပေတွာ, ‘‘ကတိပယာ ဂါမာ ပဟဋာ’’တိ သာသနံ အာဟရာပေတွာ ရညော အာရောစယိံသု. ရာဇာ ပုတ္တေ ပက္ကောသာပေတွာ‘‘တာတာ, အဟံ မဟလ္လကော, ဂစ္ဆထ စောရေ ဝူပသမေထာ’’တိ ပေသေသိ. ပယုတ္တစောရာ ဣတော စိတော စ အဝိပ္ပကိရိတွာ တေသံ သန္တိကမေဝ အာဂစ္ဆိံသု. တေ အနာဝါသေ ဂါမေ ဝါသေတွာ ‘‘ဝူပသမိတာ စောရာ’’တိ အာဂန္တွာ ရာဇာနံ ဝန္ဒိတွာ အဋ္ဌံသု.

Now, that king had three other sons. The townspeople, having joined together with them, consulted, saying: “With the royal family, there is no legal recourse; let us devise a plan.” They instigated thieves on the border and had a message brought to the king, saying, “Several villages have been plundered.” The king summoned his sons and sent them, saying, “My dears, I am old. Go and pacify the thieves.” The commissioned thieves, rather than scattering, came directly to their presence. The princes settled them in uninhabited villages and, returning to the king, paid homage, stood, and announced, “The thieves have been pacified.”

ရာဇာ တုဋ္ဌော ‘‘တာတာ, ဝရံ ဝေါ ဒေမီ’’တိ အာဟ. တေ အဓိဝါသေတွာ ဂန္တွာ နာဂရေဟိ သဒ္ဓိံ မန္တယိံသု, ‘‘ရညာ အမှာကံ ဝရော ဒိန္နော. ကိံ ဂဏှာမာ’’တိ? အယျပုတ္တာ, တုမှာကံ ဟတ္ထိအဿာဒယော န ဒုလ္လဘာ, ဗုဒ္ဓရတနံ ပန ဒုလ္လဘံ, န သဗ္ဗကာလံ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ, တုမှာကံ ဇေဋ္ဌဘာတိကဿ ဖုဿဗုဒ္ဓဿ ပဋိဇဂ္ဂနဝရံ ဂဏှထာတိ. တေ ‘‘ဧဝံ ကရိဿာမာ’’တိ နာဂရာနံ ပဋိဿုဏိတွာ [Pg.8] ကတမဿုကမ္မာ သုနှာတာ သုဝိလိတ္တာ ရညော သန္တိကံ ဂန္တွာ, ‘‘ဒေဝ, နော ဝရံ ဒေထာ’’တိ ယာစိံသု. ကိံ ဂဏှိဿထ တာတာတိ? ဒေဝ, အမှာကံ ဟတ္ထိအဿာဒီဟိ အတ္ထော နတ္ထိ, ဇေဋ္ဌဘာတိကဿ နော ဖုဿဗုဒ္ဓဿ ပဋိဇဂ္ဂနဝရံ ဒေထာတိ. ‘‘အယံ ဝရော န သက္ကာ မယာ ဇီဝမာနေန ဒါတု’’န္တိ ဒွေ ကဏ္ဏေ ပိဒဟိ. ‘‘ဒေဝ, န တုမှေ အမှေဟိ ဗလက္ကာရေန ဝရံ ဒါပိတာ, တုမှေဟိ အတ္တနော ရုစိယာ တုဋ္ဌေဟိ ဒိန္နော. ကိံ, ဒေဝ, ရာဇကုလဿ ဒွေ ကထာ ဝဋ္ဋန္တီ’’တိ? သစ္စဝါဒိတာယ ဘဏိံသု.

The pleased king said, “My dears, I grant you a boon.” They accepted and went to consult with the townspeople, saying, “The king has granted us a boon. What should we take?” The townspeople replied: “Noble sons, elephants, horses, and the like are not difficult for you to obtain, but the Buddha-jewel is difficult to obtain; it does not arise at all times. Take the boon of attending to your eldest brother, the Buddha Phussa.” Agreeing to the townspeople’s words, saying, “We will do so,” they had their hair and beards trimmed, bathed well, and were well-anointed. Then they went to the king’s presence and requested, “Your Majesty, grant us our boon.” “What will you take, my dears?” he asked. “Your Majesty, we have no need for elephants, horses, and the like. Grant us the boon of attending to our eldest brother, the Buddha Phussa.” “This boon cannot be given by me while I am alive,” he said, and covered both his ears. “Your Majesty, you were not forced by us to grant the boon; you gave it, pleased by your own wish. Is it fitting, Your Majesty, for the royal family to have two words?” Thus they spoke, appealing to the king's truthfulness.

ရာဇာ ဝိနိဝတ္တိတုံ အလဘန္တော – ‘‘တာတာ, သတ္တ သံဝစ္ဆရေ သတ္တ မာသေ သတ္တ စ ဒိဝသေ ဥပဋ္ဌဟိတွာ တုမှာကံ ဒဿာမီ’’တိ အာဟ. ‘‘သုန္ဒရံ, ဒေဝ, ပါဋိဘောဂံ ဒေထာ’’တိ. ‘‘ကိဿ ပါဋိဘောဂံ တာတာ’’တိ? ‘‘ဧတ္တကံ ကာလံ အမရဏပါဋိဘောဂံ ဒေဝါ’’တိ. ‘‘တာတာ, အယုတ္တံ ပါဋိဘောဂံ ဒါပေထ, န သက္ကာ ဧဝံ ပါဋိဘောဂံ ဒါတုံ, တိဏဂ္ဂေ ဥဿာဝဗိန္ဒုသဒိသံ သတ္တာနံ ဇီဝိတ’’န္တိ. ‘‘နော စေ, ဒေဝ, ပါဋိဘောဂံ ဒေထ, မယံ အန္တရာ မတာ ကိံ ကုသလံ ကရိဿာမာ’’တိ? ‘‘တေန ဟိ, တာတာ, ဆ သံဝစ္ဆရာနိ ဒေထာ’’တိ. ‘‘န သက္ကာ, ဒေဝါ’’တိ. ‘‘တေန ဟိ ပဉ္စ, စတ္တာရိ, တီဏိ, ဒွေ, ဧကံ သံဝစ္ဆရံ ဒေထ’’. ‘‘သတ္တ, ဆ မာသေ ဒေထ…ပေ… မာသဍ္ဎမတ္တံ ဒေထာ’’တိ. ‘‘န သက္ကာ, ဒေဝါ’’တိ. ‘‘တေန ဟိ သတ္တဒိဝသမတ္တံ ဒေထာ’’တိ. ‘‘သာဓု, ဒေဝါတိ သတ္တ ဒိဝသေ သမ္ပဋိစ္ဆိံသု’’. ရာဇာ သတ္တ သံဝစ္ဆရေ သတ္တ မာသေ သတ္တ ဒိဝသေ ကတ္တဗ္ဗသက္ကာရံ သတ္တသုယေဝ ဒိဝသေသု အကာသိ.

The king, unable to go back on his word, said: “My dears, after I have attended to him for seven years, seven months, and seven days, I will give him to you.” “Excellent, Your Majesty. Give us a guarantee.” “A guarantee for what, my dears?” “Your Majesty, a guarantee of not dying for that length of time.” “My dears, you ask for an improper guarantee. It is not possible to give such a guarantee; the life of beings is like a dewdrop on the tip of a blade of grass.” “Your Majesty, if you do not give a guarantee and we die in the meantime, what wholesome deed can we do?” “In that case, my dears, give me six years.” “That is not possible, Your Majesty.” “Then five, four, three, two, one year.” “Give seven, six months… give half a month.” “That is not possible, Your Majesty.” “Then give just seven days.” “Very well, Your Majesty,” they said, and accepted the seven days. The king, within those seven days, performed all the honor that was to be done in seven years, seven months, and seven days.

တတော ပုတ္တာနံ ဝသနဋ္ဌာနံ သတ္ထာရံ ပေသေတုံ အဋ္ဌဥသဘဝိတ္ထတံ မဂ္ဂံ အလင်္ကာရာပေသိ, မဇ္ဈဋ္ဌာနေ စတုဥသဘပ္ပမာဏံ ပဒေသံ ဟတ္ထီဟိ မဒ္ဒါပေတွာ ကသိဏမဏ္ဍလသဒိသံ ကတွာ ဝါလုကာယ သန္ထရာပေတွာ ပုပ္ဖာဘိကိဏ္ဏမကာသိ, တတ္ထ တတ္ထ ကဒလိယော စ ပုဏ္ဏဃဋေ စ ဌပါပေတွာ ဓဇပဋာကာ ဥက္ခိပါပေသိ. ဥသဘေ ဥသဘေ ပေါက္ခရဏိံ ခဏာပေသိ, အပရဘာဂေ ဒွီသု ပဿေသု ဂန္ဓမာလာပုပ္ဖာပဏေ ပသာရာပေသိ. မဇ္ဈဋ္ဌာနေ စတုဥသဘဝိတ္ထာရဿ အလင်္ကတမဂ္ဂဿ ဥဘောသု ပဿေသု ဒွေ ဒွေ ဥသဘဝိတ္ထာရေ မဂ္ဂေ ခါဏုကဏ္ဋကေ ဟရာပေတွာ ဒဏ္ဍဒီပိကာယော ကာရာပေသိ. ရာဇပုတ္တာပိ အတ္တနော အာဏာပဝတ္တိဋ္ဌာနေ သောဠသဥသဘမဂ္ဂံ တထေဝ အလင်္ကာရာပေသုံ.

Then, in order to send the Teacher to the dwelling place of his sons, he had a royal road eight usabhas in width adorned. In the middle, he had an area measuring four usabhas trampled by elephants, made like an earth kasiṇa disc, spread with sand, and strewn with flowers. Here and there, he had plantain trees and full water pots placed, and banners and flags raised. At every usabha, he had a square pond dug. In the outer section, on both sides, he had shops selling perfumes, garlands, and flowers set up. In the middle, on both sides of the adorned royal road four usabhas in width, he had paths, each two usabhas wide, cleared of stumps and thorns, and had rows of lamp posts erected. The princes, too, in the area where their authority extended, had a road sixteen usabhas in width adorned in that very same way.

ရာဇာ [Pg.9] အတ္တနော အာဏာပဝတ္တိဋ္ဌာနဿ ကေဒါရသီမံ ဂန္တွာ သတ္ထာရံ ဝန္ဒိတွာ ပရိဒေဝမာနော, ‘‘တာတာ, မယှံ ဒက္ခိဏက္ခိံ ဥပ္ပာဋေတွာ ဂဏှန္တာ ဝိယ ဂစ္ဆထ, ဧဝံ ဂဏှိတွာ ဂတာ ပန ဗုဒ္ဓါနံ အနုစ္ဆဝိကံ ကရေယျာထ. မာ သုရာသောဏ္ဍာ ဝိယ ပမတ္တာ ဝိစရိတ္ထာ’’တိ အာဟ. တေ ‘‘ဇာနိဿာမ မယံ, ဒေဝါ’’တိ သတ္ထာရံ ဂဟေတွာ ဂတာ, ဝိဟာရံ ကာရေတွာ သတ္ထု နိယျာတေတွာ တတ္ထ သတ္ထာရံ ပဋိဇဂ္ဂန္တာ ကာလေန ထေရာသနေ, ကာလေန မဇ္ဈိမာသနေ, ကာလေန သံဃနဝကာသနေ တိဋ္ဌန္တိ. ဒါနံ ဥပပရိက္ခမာနာနံ တိဏ္ဏမ္ပိ ဇနာနံ ဧကသဒိသမေဝ အဟောသိ. တေ ဥပကဋ္ဌာယ ဝဿူပနာယိကာယ စိန္တယိံသု – ‘‘ကထံ နု ခေါ သတ္ထု အဇ္ဈာသယံ ဂဏှေယျာမာ’’တိ? အထ နေသံ ဧတဒဟောသိ – ‘‘ဗုဒ္ဓါ နာမ ဓမ္မဂရုနော, န အာမိသဂရုနော, သီလေ ပတိဋ္ဌမာနာ မယံ သတ္ထု အဇ္ဈာသယံ ဂဟေတုံ သက္ခိဿာမာ’’တိ ဒါနသံဝိဓာယကေ မနုဿေ ပက္ကောသာပေတွာ, ‘‘တာတာ, ဣမိနာဝ နီဟာရေန ယာဂုဘတ္တခါဒနီယာဒီနိ သမ္ပာဒေန္တာ ဒါနံ ပဝတ္တေထာ’’တိ ဝတွာ ဒါနသံဝိဒဟနပလိဗောဓံ ဆိန္ဒိံသု.

The king went to the boundary of his jurisdiction, which was like a field-dike, paid homage to the Teacher, and lamenting, said: “Dear sons, you go as if tearing out and taking my right eye. Having taken him, may you act in a manner befitting the Buddhas. Do not wander heedlessly like drunkards.” They replied, “We shall understand, Your Majesty,” and taking the Teacher, they departed. Having had a monastery built and having offered it to the Teacher, they attended to the Teacher there, at times standing at the elder’s seat, at times at the middle-thera’s seat, and at times at the seat of the junior-most monk. When they observed the alms-giving, the offering of all three persons was exactly the same. As the time for the rains-residence drew near, they thought: “How indeed might we grasp the Teacher’s inclination?” Then this thought occurred to them: “Buddhas, by nature, hold the Dhamma in high esteem, not material things. By establishing ourselves in virtue, we shall be able to grasp the Teacher’s inclination.” Having summoned the people who arrange the alms, they said: “Dears, preparing rice-gruel, meals, edibles, and so forth in this very same manner, continue the alms-giving.” Having said this, they cut off the obstruction of arranging the alms-giving.

အထ နေသံ ဇေဋ္ဌဘာတာ ပဉ္စသတေ ပုရိသေ အာဒါယ ဒသသု သီလေသု ပတိဋ္ဌာယ ဒွေ ကာသာယာနိ အစ္ဆာဒေတွာ ကပ္ပိယံ ဥဒကံ ပရိဘုဉ္ဇမာနော ဝါသံ ကပ္ပေသိ. မဇ္ဈိမော တီဟိ, ကနိဋ္ဌော ဒွီဟိ ပုရိသသတေဟိ သဒ္ဓိံ တထေဝ ပဋိပဇ္ဇိ. တေ ယာဝဇီဝံ သတ္ထာရံ ဥပဋ္ဌဟိံသု. သတ္ထာ တေသံယေဝ သန္တိကေ ပရိနိဗ္ဗာယိ.

Then, their eldest brother, taking five hundred men, having established himself in the ten precepts, donned two ochre-dyed robes and, consuming only allowable water, took up his dwelling. The middle brother with three hundred men, and the youngest with two hundred men, practiced in that very same way. They attended upon the Teacher for as long as they lived. The Teacher attained Parinibbāna in their very presence.

တေပိ ကာလံ ကတွာ တတော ပဋ္ဌာယ ဒွါနဝုတိကပ္ပေ မနုဿလောကတော ဒေဝလောကံ, ဒေဝလောကတော စ မနုဿလောကံ သံသရန္တာ အမှာကံ သတ္ထုကာလေ ဒေဝလောကာ စဝိတွာ မနုဿလောကေ နိဗ္ဗတ္တိံသု. တေသံ ဒါနဂ္ဂေ ဗျာဝဋော မဟာအမစ္စော အင်္ဂမဂဓာနံ ရာဇာ ဗိမ္ဗိသာရော ဟုတွာ နိဗ္ဗတ္တိ. တေ တဿေဝ ရညော ရဋ္ဌေ ဗြာဟ္မဏမဟာသာလကုလေ နိဗ္ဗတ္တိံသု. ဇေဋ္ဌဘာတာ ဇေဋ္ဌောဝ ဇာတော, မဇ္ဈိမကနိဋ္ဌာ မဇ္ဈိမကနိဋ္ဌာယေဝ. ယေပိ တေသံ ပရိဝါရမနုဿာ, တေ ပရိဝါရမနုဿာဝ ဇာတာ. တေ ဝုဒ္ဓိမနွာယ တယောပိ ဇနာ တံ ပုရိသသဟဿံ အာဒါယ နိက္ခမိတွာ တာပသာ ဟုတွာ ဥရုဝေလာယံ နဒီတီရေယေဝ ဝသိံသု. အင်္ဂမဂဓဝါသိနော မာသေ မာသေ တေသံ မဟာသက္ကာရံ အဘိဟရန္တိ.

They too, having passed away, from that time onwards for ninety-two kappas, wandered from the human world to the deva world, and from the deva world to the human world. In the time of our Teacher, having passed away from the deva world, they were reborn in the human world. The great minister who was devoted to their alms-giving was reborn as King Bimbisāra of Aṅga and Magadha. They themselves were reborn in a wealthy brahmin family in that very king's realm. The eldest brother was born as the eldest; the middle and youngest were born as the middle and youngest respectively. Those who were their retinue were also born as their retinue. Having reached maturity, the three of them, taking those one thousand men, went forth and, having become ascetics, lived on the riverbank at Uruvelā. The inhabitants of Aṅga and Magadha brought them great offerings every month.

အထ [Pg.10] အမှာကံ ဗောဓိသတ္တော ကတာဘိနိက္ခမနော အနုပုဗ္ဗေန သဗ္ဗညုတံ ပတွာ ပဝတ္တိတဝရဓမ္မစက္ကော ယသာဒယော ကုလပုတ္တေ ဝိနေတွာ သဋ္ဌိ အရဟန္တေ ဓမ္မဒေသနတ္ထာယ ဒိသာသု ဥယျောဇေတွာ သယံ ပတ္တစီဝရမာဒါယ – ‘‘တေ တယော ဇဋိလဘာတိကေ ဒမေဿာမီ’’တိ ဥရုဝေလံ ဂန္တွာ အနေကေဟိ ပါဋိဟာရိယသတေဟိ တေသံ ဒိဋ္ဌိံ ဘိန္ဒိတွာ တေ ပဗ္ဗာဇေသိ. သော တံ ဣဒ္ဓိမယပတ္တစီဝရဓရံ သမဏသဟဿံ အာဒါယ ဂယာသီသံ ဂန္တွာ တေဟိ ပရိဝါရိတော နိသီဒိတွာ, – ‘‘ကတရာ နု ခေါ ဧတေသံ ဓမ္မကထာ သပ္ပာယာ’’တိ စိန္တေန္တော, ‘‘ဣမေ သာယံပါတံ အဂ္ဂိံ ပရိစရန္တိ. ဣမေသံ ဒွါဒသာယတနာနိ အာဒိတ္တာနိ သမ္ပဇ္ဇလိတာနိ ဝိယ ကတွာ ဒေသေဿာမိ, ဧဝံ ဣမေ အရဟတ္တံ ပါပုဏိတုံ သက္ခိဿန္တီ’’တိ သန္နိဋ္ဌာနမကာသိ. အထ နေသံ တထာ ဓမ္မံ ဒေသေတုံ ဣမံ အာဒိတ္တပရိယာယံ အဘာသိ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ – ‘‘ဘိက္ခူ အာမန္တေသီတိ တေသံ သပ္ပာယဓမ္မဒေသနံ ဝိစိနိတွာ တံ ဒေသေဿာမီတိ အာမန္တေသီ’’တိ. တတ္ထ အာဒိတ္တန္တိ ပဒိတ္တံ သမ္ပဇ္ဇလိတံ. သေသံ ဝုတ္တနယမေဝ. ဣတိ ဣမသ္မိံ သုတ္တေ ဒုက္ခလက္ခဏံ ကထိတံ.

Then our Bodhisatta, having made the great renunciation, gradually attained omniscience and set rolling the supreme Wheel of the Dhamma. Having trained noble sons such as Yasa, he sent out sixty Arahants to various directions for the purpose of teaching the Dhamma. Taking his bowl and robe himself, thinking, “I will tame those three matted-hair ascetic brothers,” he went to Uruvelā. There, with many hundreds of miracles, he shattered their wrong view and gave them the going forth. That Blessed One, taking that thousand monks who possessed bowls and robes created by psychic power, went to Gayāsīsa. Surrounded by them, he sat down and, pondering, “What Dhamma talk would be suitable for them?” he reflected: “These monks attend to the fire in the evening and morning. I shall teach by presenting the twelve sense-bases as if they are burning and blazing all around. In this way, they will be able to attain Arahantship.” Having made this determination, he then delivered this Discourse on Burning to teach them the Dhamma accordingly. Therefore it was said: ‘He addressed the monks,’ meaning, having sought out a suitable Dhamma teaching for them, he addressed them in order to teach it. Therein, ‘burning’ means kindled, blazing all around. The remainder is in the manner already stated. Thus, in this sutta, the characteristic of suffering is taught.

၇. အဒ္ဓဘူတသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

7. Commentary on the Afflicted Discourse

၂၉. သတ္တမေ အဒ္ဓဘူတန္တိ အဓိဘူတံ အဇ္ဈောတ္ထဋံ, ဥပဒ္ဒုတန္တိ အတ္ထော. ဣမသ္မိမ္ပိ သုတ္တေ ဒုက္ခလက္ခဏမေဝ ကထိတံ.

29. In the seventh, 'addhabhūta' means afflicted, overwhelmed, and oppressed. In this discourse too, only the characteristic of suffering is explained.

၈. သမုဂ္ဃာတသာရုပ္ပသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

8. Commentary on the Discourse on Suitability for Uprooting

၃၀. အဋ္ဌမေ သဗ္ဗမညိတသမုဂ္ဃာတသာရုပ္ပန္တိ သဗ္ဗေသံ တဏှာမာနဒိဋ္ဌိမညိတာနံ သမုဂ္ဃာတာယ အနုစ္ဆဝိကံ. ဣဓာတိ ဣမသ္မိံ သာသနေ. စက္ခုံ န မညတီတိ စက္ခုံ အဟန္တိ ဝါ မမန္တိ ဝါ ပရောတိ ဝါ ပရဿာတိ ဝါ န မညတိ. စက္ခုသ္မိံ န မညတီတိ အဟံ စက္ခုသ္မိံ, မမ ကိဉ္စနပလိဗောဓော စက္ခုသ္မိံ ပရော စက္ခုသ္မိံ, ပရဿ ကိဉ္စနပလိဗောဓော စက္ခုသ္မိန္တိ န မညတိ. စက္ခုတော န မညတီတိ အဟံ စက္ခုတော နိဂ္ဂတော, မမ ကိဉ္စနပလိဗောဓော စက္ခုတော နိဂ္ဂတော, ပရော စက္ခုတော နိဂ္ဂတော, ပရဿ ကိဉ္စနပလိဗောဓော စက္ခုတော နိဂ္ဂတောတိ ဧဝမ္ပိ န မညတိ, တဏှာမာနဒိဋ္ဌိမညနာနံ ဧကမ္ပိ န ဥပ္ပာဒေတီတိ အတ္ထော. စက္ခုံ မေတိ န မညတီတိ မမ စက္ခူတိ န မညတိ, မမတ္တဘူတံ တဏှာမညနံ န ဥပ္ပာဒေတီတိ အတ္ထော. သေသံ ဥတ္တာနမေဝါတိ. ဣမသ္မိံ သုတ္တေ စတုစတ္တာလီသာယ ဌာနေသု အရဟတ္တံ ပါပေတွာ ဝိပဿနာ ကထိတာ.

30. In the eighth, “suitable for uprooting all conceiving” means suitable for the uprooting of all conceivings of craving, pride, and views. “Here” means in this dispensation. “He does not conceive the eye” means he does not conceive the eye as “I,” “mine,” “another,” or “belonging to another.” “He does not conceive in the eye” means he does not conceive “I am in the eye,” “my impediment is in the eye,” “another is in the eye,” or “another’s impediment is in the eye.” “He does not conceive from the eye” means he does not conceive “I have emerged from the eye,” “my impediment has emerged from the eye,” “another has emerged from the eye,” or “another’s impediment has emerged from the eye”—the meaning is he does not give rise to even one of the conceivings of craving, pride, or views. “He does not conceive ‘the eye is mine’” means he does not conceive “the eye is mine”—the meaning is he does not give rise to the craving-conceiving of possessiveness. The rest is clear. In this sutta, insight leading to arahantship is explained in forty-four places.

၉. ပဌမသမုဂ္ဃာတသပ္ပာယသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

9. Commentary on the First Discourse Conducive to Complete Uprooting

၃၁. နဝမေ [Pg.11] သမုဂ္ဃာတသပ္ပာယာတိ သမုဂ္ဃာတဿ ဥပကာရဘူတာ. တတော တံ ဟောတိ အညထာတိ တတော တံ အညေနာကာရေန ဟောတိ. အညထာဘာဝီ ဘဝသတ္တော လောကော ဘဝမေဝါဘိနန္ဒတီတိ အညထာဘာဝံ ဝိပရိဏာမံ ဥပဂမနေန အညထာဘာဝီ ဟုတွာပိ ဘဝေသု သတ္တော လဂ္ဂေါ လဂိတော ပလိဗုဒ္ဓေါ အယံ လောကော ဘဝံယေဝ အဘိနန္ဒတိ. ယာဝတာ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, ခန္ဓဓာတုအာယတနန္တိ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, ယတ္တကံ ဣဒံ ခန္ဓာ စ ဓာတုယော စ အာယတနာနိ စာတိ ခန္ဓဓာတုအာယတနံ. တမ္ပိ န မညတီတိ သဗ္ဗမ္ပိ န မညတီတိ ဟေဋ္ဌာ ဂဟိတမေဝ သံကဍ္ဎိတွာ ပုန ဒဿေတိ. ဣမသ္မိံ သုတ္တေ အဋ္ဌစတ္တာလီသာယ ဌာနေသု အရဟတ္တံ ပါပေတွာ ဝိပဿနာ ကထိတာ.

31. In the ninth, ‘suitable for uprooting’ means conducive to uprooting. ‘From that, it becomes otherwise’ means from that, it becomes in another manner. ‘The world, becoming otherwise, clings to existence, delighting only in existence’ means, undergoing change and transformation, even having become otherwise, this world, attached, clinging, and bound to existences, delights only in existence. ‘Monks, as far as aggregates, elements, and sense bases’ means: ‘Monks, whatever aggregates, elements, and sense bases there are.’ ‘He does not conceive that’ means he does not conceive any of it—having drawn together what was stated below, he shows it again. In this discourse, insight leading to arahantship is explained in forty-eight instances.

၁၀. ဒုတိယသမုဂ္ဃာတသပ္ပာယသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

10. Commentary on the Second Discourse Conducive to Complete Uprooting

၃၂. ဒသမေ ဧတံ မမာတိအာဒီဟိ တီဟိ တီဟိ ပဒေဟိ တဏှာမာနဒိဋ္ဌိဂါဟေ ဒဿေတွာ တိပရိဝဋ္ဋနယေန ဒေသနာ ကတာ. ပဋိပါဋိယာ ပန တီသုပိ ဣမေသု သုတ္တေသု သဟ ဝိပဿနာယ စတ္တာရောပိ မဂ္ဂါ ကထိတာတိ.

32. In the tenth discourse, the graspings of craving, conceit, and wrong view were shown by means of the three phrases beginning with ‘This is mine,’ and the teaching was given with its three turnings. However, in sequence, in these three discourses, the four paths along with insight were taught.

သဗ္ဗဝဂ္ဂေါ တတိယော.

The third, the Chapter on the All, is concluded.

၄. ဇာတိဓမ္မဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ

4. Commentary on the Jātidhammavagga (Chapter on Things Subject to Birth)

၃၃-၄၂. ဇာတိဓမ္မဝဂ္ဂေ ဇာတိဓမ္မန္တိ ဇာယနဓမ္မံ နိဗ္ဗတ္တနသဘာဝံ. ဇရာဓမ္မန္တိ ဇီရဏသဘာဝံ. ဗျာဓိဓမ္မန္တိ ဗျာဓိနော ဥပ္ပတ္တိပစ္စယဘာဝေန ဗျာဓိသဘာဝံ. မရဏဓမ္မန္တိ မရဏသဘာဝံ. သောကဓမ္မန္တိ သောကဿ ဥပ္ပတ္တိပစ္စယဘာဝေန သောကသဘာဝံ. သံကိလေသိကဓမ္မန္တိ သံကိလေသိကသဘာဝံ. ခယဓမ္မန္တိ ခယဂမနသဘာဝံ. ဝယဓမ္မာဒီသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယောတိ.

In the Jātidhammavagga, ‘subject to birth’ means having the nature of arising, the state of coming into existence. ‘Subject to aging’ means having the nature of aging. ‘Subject to illness’ means having the nature of illness, due to being a condition for the arising of illness. ‘Subject to death’ means having the nature of death. ‘Subject to sorrow’ means having the nature of sorrow, due to being a condition for the arising of sorrow. ‘Subject to defilement’ means having the nature of being defiled. ‘Subject to destruction’ means having the nature of going to destruction. This same method should be understood for ‘subject to vanishing’ and so on.

ဇာတိဓမ္မဝဂ္ဂေါ စတုတ္ထော.

The fourth, the Chapter on Things Subject to Birth, is concluded.

၅. သဗ္ဗအနိစ္စဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ

5. Commentary on the Aniccavagga (Chapter on Impermanence)

၄၃-၅၂. အနိစ္စဝဂ္ဂေ [Pg.12] အဘိညေယျန္တိ ပဒေ ဉာတပရိညာ အာဂတာ, ဣတရာ ပန ဒွေ ဂဟိတာယေဝါတိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ. ပရိညေယျပဟာတဗ္ဗပဒေသုပိ တီရဏပဟာနပရိညာဝ အာဂတာ, ဣတရာပိ ပန ဒွေ ဂဟိတာယေဝါတိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ. သစ္ဆိကာတဗ္ဗန္တိ ပစ္စက္ခံ ကာတဗ္ဗံ. အဘိညာပရိညေယျန္တိ ဣဓာပိ ပဟာနပရိညာ အဝုတ္တာပိ ဂဟိတာယေဝါတိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ. ဥပဒ္ဒုတန္တိ အနေကဂ္ဂဋ္ဌေန. ဥပဿဋ္ဌန္တိ ဥပဟတဋ္ဌေန. သေသံ ဥတ္တာနမေဝါတိ.

In the Aniccavagga, in the phrase ‘to be directly known,’ comprehension as known is stated; however, it should be understood that the other two are also included. Also in the phrases ‘to be fully comprehended’ and ‘to be abandoned,’ comprehension by scrutinizing and comprehension by abandoning are stated; however, it should be understood that the other forms of comprehension are also included. ‘To be realized’ means to be made directly evident. Here also, in the phrase ‘to be directly known and fully comprehended,’ it should be understood that comprehension by abandoning, though not stated, is included. ‘Oppressed’ is in the sense of not being single-pointed. ‘Assailed’ is in the sense of being afflicted. The rest is clear.

သဗ္ဗအနိစ္စဝဂ္ဂေါ ပဉ္စမော.

The fifth, the Chapter on Impermanence, is concluded.

ပဌမော ပဏ္ဏာသကော.

The first group of fifty is concluded.

၆. အဝိဇ္ဇာဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ

6. Commentary on the Avijjāvagga (Chapter on Ignorance)

၅၃-၆၂. အဝိဇ္ဇာဝဂ္ဂေ အဝိဇ္ဇာတိ စတူသု သစ္စေသု အညာဏံ. ဝိဇ္ဇာတိ အရဟတ္တမဂ္ဂဝိဇ္ဇာ. အနိစ္စတော ဇာနတော ပဿတောတိ ဒုက္ခာနတ္တဝသေနာပိ ဇာနတော ပဿတော ပဟီယတိယေဝ, ဣဒံ ပန အနိစ္စဝသေန ကထိတေ ဗုဇ္ဈနကပုဂ္ဂလဿ အဇ္ဈာသယေန ဝုတ္တံ. ဧသေဝ နယော သဗ္ဗတ္ထ. အပိ စေတ္ထ သံယောဇနာတိ ဒသ သံယောဇနာနိ. အာသဝါတိ စတ္တာရော အာသဝါ. အနုသယာတိ သတ္တ အနုသယာ. သဗ္ဗုပါဒါနပရိညာယာတိ သဗ္ဗေသံ စတုန္နမ္ပိ ဥပါဒါနာနံ တီဟိ ပရိညာဟိ ပရိဇာနနတ္ထာယ. ပရိယာဒါနာယာတိ ခေပနတ္ထာယ. သေသံ သဗ္ဗတ္ထ ဥတ္တာနမေဝါတိ.

In the Avijjāvagga, ‘ignorance’ is ignorance concerning the four truths. ‘Knowledge’ is the knowledge of the path of Arahantship. Regarding ‘for one who knows and sees as impermanent’: ignorance is indeed abandoned also for one who knows and sees by way of suffering and not-self; however, this was spoken by way of impermanence according to the inclination of the person to be awakened. This same method should be understood throughout. Moreover, here ‘fetters’ means the ten fetters. ‘Taints’ means the four taints. ‘Latent tendencies’ means the seven latent tendencies. ‘For the full comprehension of all clinging’ means for the purpose of fully knowing all four kinds of clinging with the three kinds of comprehension. ‘For complete removal’ means for the purpose of exhaustion. The rest is clear throughout.

အဝိဇ္ဇာဝဂ္ဂေါ ဆဋ္ဌော.

The sixth, the Chapter on Ignorance, is concluded.

၇. မိဂဇာလဝဂ္ဂေါ

7. The Migajāla Chapter

၁. ပဌမမိဂဇာလသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

1. Commentary on the First Migajāla Sutta

၆၃. မိဂဇာလဝဂ္ဂဿ ပဌမေ စက္ခုဝိညေယျာတိ စက္ခုဝိညာဏေန ပဿိတဗ္ဗာ. သောတဝိညေယျာဒီသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော. ဣဋ္ဌာတိ ပရိယိဋ္ဌာ ဝါ ဟောန္တု [Pg.13] မာ ဝါ, ဣဋ္ဌာရမ္မဏဘူတာတိ အတ္ထော. ကန္တာတိ ကမနီယာ. မနာပါတိ မနဝဍ္ဎနကာ. ပိယရူပါတိ ပိယဇာတိကာ. ကာမူပသံဟိတာတိ အာရမ္မဏံ ကတွာ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇမာနေန ကာမေန ဥပသံဟိတာ ရဇနီယာတိ ရဉ္ဇနီယာ, ရာဂုပ္ပတ္တိကာရဏဘူတာတိ အတ္ထော. နန္ဒီတိ တဏှာနန္ဒီ. သံယောဂေါတိ သံယောဇနံ. နန္ဒိသံယောဇနသံယုတ္တောတိ နန္ဒီဗန္ဓနေန ဗဒ္ဓေါ. အရညဝနပတ္ထာနီတိ အရညာနိ စ ဝနပတ္ထာနိ စ. တတ္ထ ကိဉ္စာပိ အဘိဓမ္မေ နိပ္ပရိယာယေန ‘‘နိက္ခမိတွာ ဗဟိ ဣန္ဒခီလာ သဗ္ဗမေတံ အရည’’န္တိ (ဝိဘ. ၅၂၉) ဝုတ္တံ, တထာပိ ယံ တံ ‘‘ပဉ္စဓနုသတိကံ ပစ္ဆိမ’’န္တိ (ပါရာ. ၆၅၄) အရညကင်္ဂနိပ္ဖာဒကံ သေနာသနံ ဝုတ္တံ, တဒေဝ အဓိပ္ပေတန္တိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ. ဝနပတ္ထန္တိ ဂါမန္တံ အတိက္ကမိတွာ မနုဿာနံ အနုပစာရဋ္ဌာနံ, ယတ္ထ န ကသီယတိ န ဝပီယတိ. ဝုတ္တမ္ပိ စေတံ –

63. In the first sutta of the Migajāla Chapter, ‘cognizable by the eye’ means to be seen by eye-consciousness. This same method should be understood for ‘cognizable by the ear,’ and so on. ‘Pleasing’ means: whether they are sought after or not, the meaning is that they have become desirable objects. ‘Desirable’ means attractive. ‘Agreeable’ means gladdening the mind. ‘Of a lovely form’ means of a dear nature. ‘Connected with sensual pleasure’ means connected with the sensual pleasure that arises from taking them as an object. ‘Provoking lust’ means fit to be lusted after; the meaning is that they have become a cause for the arising of lust. ‘Delight’ means the delight of craving. ‘Yoke’ means fetter. ‘Yoked to the fetter of delight’ means bound by the bond of delight. ‘Forests and wildernesses’ means forests and also wildernesses. Therein, although in the Abhidhamma it is said directly, ‘Having gone out beyond the city-post, all of that is a forest,’ nevertheless, it should be understood that what is intended here is that dwelling which fulfills the forest-dweller’s practice, described as ‘at least five hundred bow-lengths away.’ ‘Wilderness’ is a place beyond the vicinity of a village, a place not frequented by humans, where there is no plowing or sowing. And this has been said:

‘‘ဝနပတ္ထန္တိ ဒူရာနမေတံ သေနာသနာနံ အဓိဝစနံ. ဝနပတ္ထန္တိ ဝနသဏ္ဍာနမေတံ, ဝနပတ္ထန္တိ ဘိံသနကာနမေတံ, ဝနပတ္ထန္တိ သလောမဟံသာနမေတံ, ဝနပတ္ထန္တိ ပရိယန္တာနမေတံ, ဝနပတ္ထန္တိ အမနုဿူပစာရာနံ သေနာသနာနမေတံ အဓိဝစန’’န္တိ (ဝိဘ. ၅၃၁).

‘Wilderness’ is a designation for distant dwellings. ‘Wilderness’ is a designation for dwellings in a forest grove. ‘Wilderness’ is a designation for frightening dwellings. ‘Wilderness’ is a designation for dwellings that cause one’s hair to stand on end. ‘Wilderness’ is a designation for borderland dwellings. ‘Wilderness’ is a designation for dwellings not frequented by humans.

ဧတ္ထ စ ပရိယန္တာနန္တိ ဣမံ ဧကံ ပရိယာယံ ဌပေတွာ သေသပရိယာယေဟိ ဝနပတ္ထာနိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာနိ. ပန္တာနီတိ ပရိယန္တာနိ အတိဒူရာနိ. အပ္ပသဒ္ဒါနီတိ ဥဒုက္ခလမုသလဒါရကသဒ္ဒါဒီနံ အဘာဝေန အပ္ပသဒ္ဒါနိ. အပ္ပနိဂ္ဃောသာနီတိ တေသံ တေသံ နိန္နာဒမဟာနိဂ္ဃောသဿ အဘာဝေန အပ္ပနိဂ္ဃောသာနိ. ဝိဇနဝါတာနီတိ သဉ္စရဏဇနဿ သရီရဝါတဝိရဟိတာနိ. မနုဿရာဟဿေယျကာနီတိ မနုဿာနံ ရဟောကမ္မဿ အနုစ္ဆဝိကာနိ. ပဋိသလ္လာနသာရုပ္ပာနီတိ နိလီယနသာရုပ္ပာနိ.

And here, setting aside this one meaning, ‘borderland,’ wildernesses are to be understood by the remaining meanings. ‘Remote’ means on the border, very far. ‘With little sound’ means having little sound due to the absence of the sounds of mortars, pestles, children, and so on. ‘With little clamor’ means having little clamor due to the absence of the echoing, great clamor of various beings. ‘Without the wind of people’ means devoid of the wind from the bodies of people moving about. ‘Suitable for human privacy’ means suitable for the private actions of humans. ‘Suitable for seclusion’ means suitable for concealment.

၂. ဒုတိယမိဂဇာလသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

2. Commentary on the Second Migajāla Sutta

၆၄. ဒုတိယေ နန္ဒိနိရောဓာ ဒုက္ခနိရောဓောတိ တဏှာနန္ဒိယာ နိရောဓေန ဝဋ္ဋဒုက္ခဿ နိရောဓော.

64. In the second sutta, the phrase ‘with the cessation of delight, there is the cessation of suffering’ means that with the cessation of delight, which is craving, there is the cessation of the suffering of the round of existence.

၃-၅. ပဌမသမိဒ္ဓိမာရပဉှာသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

3-5. Commentary on the First Discourse on Samiddhi’s Questions to Māra, etc.

၆၅-၆၇. တတိယေ [Pg.14] သမိဒ္ဓီတိ အတ္တဘာဝဿ သမိဒ္ဓတာယ ဧဝံ လဒ္ဓနာမော. တဿ ကိရ ထေရဿ အတ္တဘာဝေါ အဘိရူပေါ အဟောသိ ပါသာဒိကော, ဥက္ခိတ္တမာလာပုဋော ဝိယ အလင်္ကတမာလာဂဗ္ဘော ဝိယ စ သဗ္ဗာကာရပါရိပူရိယာ သမိဒ္ဓေါ. တသ္မာ သမိဒ္ဓိတွေဝ သင်္ခံ ဂတော. မာရောတိ မရဏံ ပုစ္ဆတိ. မာရပညတ္တီတိ မာရောတိ ပညတ္တိ နာမံ နာမဓေယျံ. အတ္ထိ တတ္ထ မာရော ဝါ မာရပညတ္တိ ဝါတိ တတ္ထ မရဏံ ဝါ မရဏန္တိ ဣဒံ နာမံ ဝါ အတ္ထီတိ ဒဿေတိ. စတုတ္ထံ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ, တထာ ပဉ္စမံ.

In the third sutta, ‘Samiddhi’ is a name thus obtained because of the accomplishment of his personality. It is said that the Elder’s person was beautiful and pleasing, like a lifted bouquet of flowers and like a decorated flower-chamber, accomplished with completeness in all aspects. Therefore, he was reckoned only as ‘Samiddhi.’ Death is called ‘Māra.’ ‘The designation of Māra’ means the designation, name, or term is ‘Māra.’ The question ‘Is there Māra or a designation of Māra there?’ shows this meaning: ‘In that personality, is there death, or is there this name “death”?’ The fourth sutta is self-evident, and likewise the fifth.

၆. သမိဒ္ဓိလောကပဉှာသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

6. Commentary on the Samiddhi World-Question Discourse

၆၈. ဆဋ္ဌေ လောကောတိ လုဇ္ဇနပလုဇ္ဇနဋ္ဌေန လောကော. ဣတိ မိဂဇာလတ္ထေရဿ အာယာစနသုတ္တတော ပဋ္ဌာယ ပဉ္စသုပိ သုတ္တေသု ဝဋ္ဋဝိဝဋ္ဋမေဝ ကထိတံ.

68. In the sixth sutta, ‘loka’ (world) is so called in the sense of breaking up and dissolving. Thus, starting from the sutta requested by the Elder Migajāla, in the five suttas as well, only the round of existence and its cessation have been taught.

၇. ဥပသေနအာသီဝိသသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

7. Commentary on the Upasena Viper Sutta

၆၉. သတ္တမေ သီတဝနေတိ ဧဝံနာမကေ သုသာနဝနေ. သပ္ပသောဏ္ဍိကပဗ္ဘာရေတိ သပ္ပဖဏသဒိသတာယ ဧဝံလဒ္ဓနာမေ ပဗ္ဘာရေ. ဥပသေနဿာတိ ဓမ္မသေနာပတိနော ကနိဋ္ဌဘာတိကဥပသေနတ္ထေရဿ. အာသီဝိသော ပတိတော ဟောတီတိ ထေရော ကိရ ကတဘတ္တကိစ္စော မဟာစီဝရံ ဂဟေတွာ လေဏစ္ဆာယာယ မန္ဒမန္ဒေန ဝါတပါနဝါတေန ဗီဇိယမာနော နိသီဒိတွာ ဒုပဋ္ဋနိဝါသနေ သူစိကမ္မံ ကရောတိ. တသ္မိံ ခဏေ လေဏစ္ဆဒနေ ဒွေ အာသီဝိသပေါတကာ ကီဠန္တိ. တေသု ဧကော ပတိတွာ ထေရဿ အံသကူဋေ အဝတ္ထာသိ. သော စ ဖုဋ္ဌဝိသော ဟောတိ. တသ္မာ ပတိတဋ္ဌာနတော ပဋ္ဌာယ ထေရဿ ကာယေ ဒီပသိခါ ဝိယ ဝဋ္ဋိံ ပရိယာဒိယမာနမေဝဿ ဝိသံ ဩတိဏ္ဏံ. ထေရော ဝိသဿ တထာဂမနံ ဒိသွာ ကိဉ္စာပိ တံ ပတိတမတ္တမေဝ ယထာပရိစ္ဆေဒေန ဂတံ, အတ္တနော ပန ဣဒ္ဓိဗလေန ‘‘အယံ အတ္တဘာဝေါ လေဏေ မာ ဝိနဿတူ’’တိ အဓိဋ္ဌဟိတွာ ဘိက္ခူ အာမန္တေသိ. ပုရာယံ ကာယော ဣဓေဝ ဝိကိရတီတိ ယာဝ န ဝိကိရတိ, တာဝ နံ ဗဟိဒ္ဓါ နီဟရထာတိ အတ္ထော. အညထတ္တန္တိ အညထာဘာဝံ. ဣန္ဒြိယာနံ ဝါ ဝိပရိဏာမန္တိ စက္ခုသောတာဒီနံ ဣန္ဒြိယာနံ [Pg.15] ပကတိဝိဇဟနဘာဝံ. တတ္ထေဝ ဝိကိရီတိ ဗဟိ နီဟရိတွာ ဌပိတဋ္ဌာနေ မဉ္စကသ္မိံယေဝ ဝိကိရိ.

69. In the seventh sutta, ‘Sītavana’ refers to a charnel-ground forest so named. ‘Sappasoṇḍikapabbhāra’ refers to a mountain slope so named because of its resemblance to a snake’s hood. ‘Of Upasena’ refers to the Elder Upasena, the younger brother of the General of the Dhamma. ‘A viper fell’ means: it is said that the Elder, having completed his meal duties and taken his great robe, sat down in the shade of the cave, being fanned by a gentle breeze from an opening, while doing needlework on his two-layered lower garment. At that moment, two young vipers were playing on the cave’s ceiling. One of them fell and landed on the Elder’s shoulder-tip. And it was a snake with touch-venom. Therefore, starting from the place where it fell, its venom penetrated and consumed the Elder’s body just as a lamp flame consumes a wick. The Elder, seeing the venom spreading thus, although the venom had already spread to its limit from the very moment it fell, nevertheless by his own psychic power made the determination, ‘May this personality not perish in the cave,’ and addressed the monks. ‘Before this body disintegrates right here’ means: ‘So long as this body has not disintegrated, take it outside.’ ‘Alteration’ means a state of otherness. ‘Or the alteration of the faculties’ means the abandoning of the natural state of the faculties such as the eye and ear. ‘It disintegrated right there’ means: having been taken outside, it disintegrated right on the couch in the place where it was put.

၈. ဥပဝါဏသန္ဒိဋ္ဌိကသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

8. Commentary on the Upavāṇa Sandiṭṭhika Sutta

၇၀. အဋ္ဌမေ ရူပပ္ပဋိသံဝေဒီတိ နီလပီတာဒိဘေဒံ အာရမ္မဏံ ဝဝတ္ထာပေန္တော ရူပံ ပဋိသံဝိဒိတံ ကရောတိ, တသ္မာ ရူပပ္ပဋိသံဝေဒီ နာမ ဟောတိ. ရူပရာဂပ္ပဋိသံဝေဒီတိ ကိလေသဿ အတ္ထိဘာဝေနေဝ ပန ရူပရာဂံ ပဋိသံဝိဒိတံ ကရောတိ နာမ, တသ္မာ ရူပရာဂပ္ပဋိသံဝေဒီတိ ဝုစ္စတိ. သန္ဒိဋ္ဌိကောတိအာဒီနိ ဝိသုဒ္ဓိမဂ္ဂေ ဝုတ္တတ္ထာနေဝ. နော စ ရူပရာဂပ္ပဋိသံဝေဒီတိ ကိလေသဿ နတ္ထိဘာဝေနေဝ န ရူပရာဂံ ပဋိသံဝိဒိတံ ကရောတိ နာမ, တသ္မာ ‘‘နော စ ရူပရာဂပ္ပဋိသံဝေဒီ’’တိ ဝုစ္စတိ. ဣမသ္မိံ သုတ္တေ သေခါသေခါနံ ပစ္စဝေက္ခဏာ ကထိတာ.

70. In the eighth, ‘rūpappaṭisaṃvedī’ (perceiving forms) means determining an object with distinctions such as blue, yellow, etc.; thus, one makes form perceived, and is therefore called ‘one who perceives forms.’ ‘Rūparāgappaṭisaṃvedī’ (perceiving lust for forms) means that because of the very existence of defilement, one makes lust for form perceived; therefore, one is called ‘one who perceives lust for forms.’ ‘Sandiṭṭhika’ and so on have the meaning already stated in the Visuddhimagga. ‘No ca rūparāgappaṭisaṃvedī’ (but not perceiving lust for forms) means that because of the very non-existence of defilement, one does not make lust for form perceived; therefore, one is called ‘one who does not perceive lust for forms.’ In this discourse, the reflection of trainees and adepts is expounded.

၉. ပဌမဆဖဿာယတနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

9. Commentary on the First Chaphassāyatana Sutta

၇၁. နဝမေ ဖဿာယတနာနန္တိ ဖဿာကရာနံ. အဝုသိတန္တိ အဝုဋ္ဌံ. အာရကာတိ ဒူရေ. ဧတ္ထာဟံ, ဘန္တေ, အနဿသန္တိ, ဘန္တေ, အဟံ ဧတ္ထ အနဿသိံ, နဋ္ဌော နာမ အဟန္တိ ဝဒတိ. ဘဂဝါ – ‘‘အယံ ဘိက္ခု ‘အဟံ နာမ ဣမသ္မိံ သာသနေ နဋ္ဌော’တိ ဝဒတိ, ကိန္နု ခွဿ အညေသု ဓာတုကမ္မဋ္ဌာန-ကသိဏကမ္မဋ္ဌာနာဒီသု အဘိယောဂေါ အတ္ထီ’’တိ စိန္တေတွာ, တမ္ပိ အပဿန္တော – ‘‘ကတရံ နု ခေါ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ ဣမဿ သပ္ပာယံ ဘဝိဿတီ’’တိ စိန္တေသိ. တတော ‘‘အာယတနကမ္မဋ္ဌာနမေဝ သပ္ပာယ’’န္တိ ဒိသွာ တံ ကထေန္တော တံ ကိံ မညသိ ဘိက္ခူတိအာဒိမာဟ. သာဓူတိ တဿ ဗျာကရဏေ သမ္ပဟံသနံ. ဧသေဝန္တော ဒုက္ခဿာတိ အယမေဝ ဝဋ္ဋဒုက္ခဿန္တော ပရိစ္ဆေဒေါ, နိဗ္ဗာနန္တိ အတ္ထော.

71. In the ninth, ‘of the sense bases of contact’ (phassāyatanānaṃ) means ‘of the sources of contact.’ ‘Avusitaṃ’ means ‘unpracticed.’ ‘Ārakā’ means ‘far away.’ ‘Here, venerable sir, I am undone’ (etthāhaṃ, bhante, anassasaṃ) means he says: ‘Venerable sir, here I am undone; I am indeed lost.’ The Blessed One, thinking, ‘This bhikkhu says, “I am indeed lost in this Dispensation”—I wonder, does he have application to other meditation subjects such as the element meditation subject or the kasiṇa meditation subject?’ and not seeing that either, he considered: ‘Which meditation subject, I wonder, would be suitable for him?’ Then, seeing that the sense-base meditation subject was suitable, while teaching it he said the words beginning with, ‘What do you think, bhikkhu?’ ‘Sādhu’ (good) is an expression of delight at his answer. ‘This is the end of suffering’ means: this itself is the end, the limit of the suffering of the round—that is, Nibbāna.

၁၀. ဒုတိယဆဖဿာယတနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

10. Commentary on the Second Chaphassāyatana Sutta

၇၂. ဒသမေ အနဿသန္တိ နဿသိံ, နဋ္ဌော နာမမှိ ဣစ္စေဝ အတ္ထော. အာယတိံ အပုနဗ္ဘဝါယာတိ ဧတ္ထ အာယတိံ အပုနဗ္ဘဝေါ နာမ နိဗ္ဗာနံ, နိဗ္ဗာနတ္ထာယ ပဟီနံ ဘဝိဿတီတိ အတ္ထော.

72. In the tenth, ‘anassasaṃ’ means ‘I am lost,’ ‘I am indeed lost.’ ‘For the future, for no further becoming’ (āyatiṃ apunabbhavāya) here means that ‘no further becoming’ in the future is Nibbāna; the meaning is that it will be abandoned for the sake of Nibbāna.

၁၁. တတိယဆဖဿာယတနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

11. Commentary on the Third Chaphassāyatana Sutta

၇၃. ဧကာဒသမေ [Pg.16] အနဿသန္တိ နဋ္ဌော, ပနဿသန္တိ အတိနဋ္ဌော. သေသံ ဝုတ္တနယေနေဝ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗန္တိ.

73. In the eleventh, ‘anassasaṃ’ means ‘lost,’ and ‘panassasaṃ’ means ‘utterly lost.’ The rest should be understood according to the previously stated method.

မိဂဇာလဝဂ္ဂေါ သတ္တမော.

The Migajāla Vagga, the Seventh.

၈. ဂိလာနဝဂ္ဂေါ

8. The Chapter on the Sick

၁-၅. ပဌမဂိလာနသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

1–5. Commentary on the First Sutta on the Sick, and so forth

၇၄-၇၈. ဂိလာနဝဂ္ဂဿ ပဌမေ အမုကသ္မိန္တိ အသုကသ္မိံ. အယမေဝ ဝါ ပါဌော. အပ္ပညာတောတိ အညာတော အပါကဋော. နဝေါပိ ဟိ ကောစိ ပညာတော ဟောတိ ရာဟုလတ္ထေရော ဝိယ သုမနသာမဏေရော ဝိယ စ, အယံ ပန နဝေါ စေဝ အပညာတော စ. သေသမေတ္ထ ဝုတ္တနယမေဝါတိ. တထာ ဣတော ပရေသု စတူသု.

In the first sutta of the Chapter on the Sick, 'amukasmiṃ' means 'in such and such a place.' Or this is the reading itself. 'Appaññāta' means 'unknown, not manifest.' For even a new monk may be known, like the Elder Rāhula or the novice Sumana, but this monk is both new and unknown. The rest here is just as has been explained. Similarly in the four that follow this one.

၆. ပဌမအဝိဇ္ဇာပဟာနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

6. Commentary on the First Sutta on the Abandoning of Ignorance

၇၉. ဆဋ္ဌေ အနိစ္စတော ဇာနတောတိ ဒုက္ခာနတ္တဝသေန ဇာနတောပိ ပဟီယတိယေဝ, ဣဒံ ပန အနိစ္စလက္ခဏံ ဒဿေတွာ ဝုတ္တေ ဗုဇ္ဈနကဿ အဇ္ဈာသယေန ဝုတ္တံ.

79. In the sixth sutta, regarding 'knowing as impermanent': even when one knows by means of suffering and non-self, ignorance is indeed abandoned. However, this sutta, having shown the characteristic of impermanence, was taught according to the inclination of the person who is to understand the Truths.

၇. ဒုတိယအဝိဇ္ဇာပဟာနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

7. Commentary on the Second Sutta on the Abandoning of Ignorance

၈၀. သတ္တမေ သဗ္ဗေ ဓမ္မာတိ သဗ္ဗေ တေဘူမကဓမ္မာ. နာလံ အဘိနိဝေသာယာတိ အဘိနိဝေသပရာမာသဂ္ဂါဟေန ဂဏှိတုံ န ယုတ္တာ. သဗ္ဗနိမိတ္တာနီတိ သဗ္ဗာနိ သင်္ခါရနိမိတ္တာနိ. အညတော ပဿတီတိ ယထာ အပရိညာတာဘိနိဝေသော ဇနော ပဿတိ, တတော အညတော ပဿတိ. အပရိညာတာဘိနိဝေသော ဟိ ဇနော သဗ္ဗနိမိတ္တာနိပိ အတ္တတော ပဿတိ. ပရိညာတာဘိနိဝေသော ပန အနတ္တတော ပဿတိ, နော အတ္တတောတိ ဧဝံ ဣမသ္မိံ သုတ္တေ အနတ္တလက္ခဏမေဝ ကထိတံ.

80. In the seventh sutta, 'all phenomena' means all phenomena of the three realms. 'Not fit for adherence' means they are not suitable to be grasped with the grasping of adherence and misapprehension. 'All signs' means all signs that are formations. 'Sees otherwise' means one sees in a way that is different from how a person with uncomprehended adherence sees. For a person with uncomprehended adherence sees all signs as self. But one with comprehended adherence sees them as non-self, not as self. Thus, in this sutta, only the characteristic of non-self was taught.

၈. သမ္ဗဟုလဘိက္ခုသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

8. Commentary on the Sutta on Many Monks

၈၁. အဋ္ဌမေ [Pg.17] ဣဓ နောတိ ဧတ္ထ နော-ကာရော နိပါတမတ္တမေဝ. သေသံ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထမေဝ. ကေဝလံ ဣဓ ဒုက္ခလက္ခဏံ ကထိတန္တိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ.

81. In the eighth sutta, in 'idha no', the 'no' is merely a particle. The rest has an obvious meaning. It should be known that here only the characteristic of suffering was taught.

၉. လောကပဉှာသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

9. Commentary on the Sutta on the Question about the World

၈၂. နဝမေ လုဇ္ဇတီတိ ပလုဇ္ဇတိ ဘိဇ္ဇတိ. ဣဓ အနိစ္စလက္ခဏံ ကထိတံ.

82. In the ninth sutta, 'lujjati' means 'it perishes, it breaks up.' Here, the characteristic of impermanence was taught.

၁၀. ဖဂ္ဂုနပဉှာသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

10. Commentary on the Sutta on Phagguna's Question

၈၃. ဒသမေ ဆိန္နပပဉ္စေတိ တဏှာပပဉ္စဿ ဆိန္နတ္တာ ဆိန္နပပဉ္စေ. ဆိန္နဝဋုမေတိ တဏှာဝဋုမဿေဝ ဆိန္နတ္တာ ဆိန္နဝဋုမေ. ကိံ ပုစ္ဆာမီတိ ပုစ္ဆတိ? အတိက္ကန္တဗုဒ္ဓေဟိ ပရိဟရိတာနိ စက္ခုသောတာဒီနိ ပုစ္ဆာမီတိ ပုစ္ဆတိ. အထ ဝါ သစေ မဂ္ဂေ ဘာဝိတေပိ အနာဂတေ စက္ခုသောတာဒိဝဋ္ဋံ ဝဍ္ဎေယျ, တံ ပုစ္ဆာမီတိ ပုစ္ဆတီတိ.

83. In the tenth sutta, ‘with proliferation cut off’ means that because the proliferation of craving has been cut off, one is ‘with proliferation cut off.’ ‘With the round cut off’ means that because the round of craving itself has been cut off, one is ‘with the round cut off.’ ‘What shall I ask?’ he asks. ‘Shall I ask about the eye, ear, and so on, that were used by past Buddhas?’ he asks. Or, ‘Even if the path has been developed, if the round of the eye, ear, and so on, were to continue in the future, shall I ask about that?’ he asks.

ဂိလာနဝဂ္ဂေါ အဋ္ဌမော.

The Gilāna Vagga, the Eighth.

၉. ဆန္နဝဂ္ဂေါ

9. The Channa Chapter

၁. ပလောကဓမ္မသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

1. Commentary on the Discourse on the Nature of Perishing

၈၄. ဆန္နဝဂ္ဂဿ ပဌမေ ပလောကဓမ္မန္တိ ဘိဇ္ဇနကသဘာဝံ. ဧဝမေတ္ထ အနိစ္စလက္ခဏမေဝ ကထိတံ.

84. In the first discourse of the Channa Chapter, ‘palokadhamma’ means the nature of disintegration. Thus, here only the characteristic of impermanence is stated.

၂. သုညတလောကသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

2. Commentary on the Discourse on the Empty World

၈၅. ဒုတိယေ အတ္တနိယေနာတိ အတ္တနော သန္တကေန ပရိက္ခာရေန. ဧဝမေတ္ထ အနတ္တလက္ခဏမေဝ ကထိတံ.

85. In the second discourse, ‘attaniyena’ means with one’s own possessions. Thus, here only the characteristic of not-self is stated.

၃. သံခိတ္တဓမ္မသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

3. The Commentary on the Discourse on the Dhamma in Brief

၈၆. တတိယံ ခန္ဓိယဝဂ္ဂေ အာနန္ဒောဝါဒေ (သံ. နိ. ၃.၈၃) ဝုတ္တနယေနေဝ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ.

86. The third discourse should be understood in the same way as stated in the Ānandovāda Sutta of the Khandha Chapter (SN 3.83).

၄. ဆန္နသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

4. The Commentary to the Channa Sutta

၈၇. စတုတ္ထေ [Pg.18] ဆန္နောတိ ဧဝံနာမကော ထေရော, န အဘိနိက္ခမနံ နိက္ခန္တထေရော. ပဋိသလ္လာနာတိ ဖလသမာပတ္တိတော. ဂိလာနပုစ္ဆကာတိ ဂိလာနုပဋ္ဌာကာ. ဂိလာနုပဋ္ဌာနံ နာမ ဗုဒ္ဓပသတ္ထံ ဗုဒ္ဓဝဏ္ဏိတံ, တသ္မာ ဧဝမာဟ. သီသဝေဌံ ဒဒေယျာတိ သီသေ ဝေဌနံ သီသဝေဌံ, တဉ္စ ဒဒေယျ. သတ္ထန္တိ ဇီဝိတဟာရကသတ္ထံ. နာဝကင်္ခါမီတိ န ဣစ္ဆာမိ. ပရိစိဏ္ဏောတိ ပရိစရိတော. မနာပေနာတိ မနဝဍ္ဎနကေန ကာယကမ္မာဒိနာ. ဧတ္ထ စ သတ္တ သေခါ ပရိစရန္တိ နာမ, အရဟာ ပရိစာရီ နာမ, ဘဂဝါ ပရိစိဏ္ဏော နာမ.

87. In the fourth discourse, ‘Channa’ refers to the elder of that name, not the elder who went forth with him at the Great Renunciation. ‘Seclusion’ means from fruition attainment. ‘Those who inquire about the sick’ means attendants of the sick. Attending to the sick is praised and commended by the Buddha; therefore, he spoke thus. ‘He should give a headband’ means a wrapping for the head, and that he should give. ‘A knife’ refers to a life-taking knife. ‘I do not desire it’ means ‘I do not want it.’ ‘Served’ means attended to. ‘Pleasingly’ means with bodily action and so on that increases the mind. Here, seven trainees are called ‘those who attend,’ an arahant is called ‘one who attends,’ and the Blessed One is called ‘one who has been attended to.’

ဧတဉှိ, အာဝုသော, သာဝကဿ ပတိရူပန္တိ, အာဝုသော, သာဝကဿ နာမ ဧတံ အနုစ္ဆဝိကံ. အနုပဝဇ္ဇန္တိ အပ္ပဝတ္တိကံ အပ္ပဋိသန္ဓိကံ. ပုစ္ဆာဝုသော သာရိပုတ္တ, သုတွာ ဝေဒိဿာမာတိ အယံ သာဝကပဝါရဏာ နာမ. ဧတံ မမာတိအာဒီနိ တဏှာမာနဒိဋ္ဌိဂ္ဂါဟဝသေန ဝုတ္တာနိ. နိရောဓံ ဒိသွာတိ ခယဝယံ ဉတွာ. နေတံ မမ, နေသောဟမသ္မိ, န မေသော အတ္တာတိ သမနုပဿာမီတိ အနိစ္စံ ဒုက္ခံ အနတ္တာတိ သမနုပဿာမိ. ဧတ္တကေသု ဌာနေသု ဆန္နတ္ထေရော သာရိပုတ္တတ္ထေရေန ပုစ္ဆိတံ ပဉှံ အရဟတ္တေ ပက္ခိပိတွာ ကထေသိ. သာရိပုတ္တတ္ထေရော ပန တဿ ပုထုဇ္ဇနဘာဝံ ဉတွာပိ တံ ‘‘ပုထုဇ္ဇနော’’တိ ဝါ ‘‘ခီဏာသဝေါ’’တိ ဝါ အဝတွာ တုဏှီယေဝ အဟောသိ. စုန္ဒတ္ထေရော ပနဿ ပုထုဇ္ဇနဘာဝံ သညာပေဿာမီတိ စိန္တေတွာ ဩဝါဒံ အဒါသိ.

‘Indeed, friend, this is fitting for a disciple’—indeed, friend, this is appropriate for a disciple. ‘Blameless’ means without recurrence, without rebirth-linking. ‘Ask, friend Sāriputta; having heard, we will understand’—this is called the disciple’s invitation to speak. ‘This is mine,’ etc., are stated by way of grasping at craving, conceit, and views. ‘Having seen cessation’ means knowing destruction and passing away. ‘This is not mine, I am not this, this is not my self’—thus I contemplate it as impermanent, suffering, and not-self. In these instances, the elder Channa, questioned by the elder Sāriputta, answered by including the question within the scope of Arahantship. The elder Sāriputta, however, even though he knew his state as an ordinary person, did not call him ‘an ordinary person’ or ‘one with cankers destroyed,’ but remained silent. The elder Cunda, however, thinking, ‘I will make his ordinary state known to him,’ gave him advice.

တတ္ထ တသ္မာတိ ယသ္မာ မာရဏန္တိကံ ဝေဒနံ အဓိဝါသေတုံ အသက္ကောန္တော သတ္ထံ အာဟရာမီတိ ဝဒတိ, တသ္မာ ပုထုဇ္ဇနော အာယသ္မာ, တေန ဣဒမ္ပိ မနသိကရောဟီတိ ဒီပေတိ. ယသ္မာ ဝါ ဆန္နံ အာယတနာနံ နိရောဓံ ဒိသွာ စက္ခာဒီနိ တိဏ္ဏံ ဂါဟာနံ ဝသေန န သမနုပဿာမီတိ ဝဒသိ. တသ္မာ ဣဒမ္ပိ တဿ ဘဂဝတော သာသနံ အာယသ္မတာ မနသိကာတဗ္ဗန္တိပိ ပုထုဇ္ဇနဘာဝမေဝ ဒီပေန္တော ဝဒတိ. နိစ္စကပ္ပန္တိ နိစ္စကာလံ. နိဿိတဿာတိ တဏှာမာနဒိဋ္ဌီဟိ နိဿိတဿ. စလိတန္တိ ဝိပ္ဖန္ဒိတံ ဟောတိ. ယထယိဒံ အာယသ္မတော ဥပ္ပန္နံ ဝေဒနံ အဓိဝါသေတုံ အသက္ကောန္တဿ ‘‘အဟံ ဝေဒယာမိ, မမ ဝေဒနာ’’တိ အပ္ပဟီနဂ္ဂါဟဿ ဣဒါနိ ဝိပ္ဖန္ဒိတံ ဟောတိ, ဣမိနာပိ နံ ‘‘ပုထုဇ္ဇနောဝ တွ’’န္တိ ဝဒတိ.

Here, ‘Therefore’ means: ‘Because, unable to endure the feeling that is near to death, you say, “I will bring a weapon,” therefore, venerable sir, you are an ordinary person.’ By this, he indicates, ‘Attend to this also.’ Or, ‘Because you say, “Having seen the cessation of the six sense bases, I do not contemplate the eye, etc., by way of the three kinds of grasping,” therefore, this teaching of the Blessed One should also be attended to by the venerable one’—thus, revealing his ordinary state, he speaks. ‘Perpetually’ means at all times. ‘For one who is dependent’ means for one who is dependent on craving, conceit, and views. ‘Agitated’ means it is trembling. Just as now, for the venerable one who is unable to endure the arisen feeling, and who, due to unabandoned grasping, thinks, ‘I feel, this feeling is mine,’ there is now trembling—by this too, he says of him, ‘You are indeed an ordinary person.’

ပဿဒ္ဓီတိ [Pg.19] ကာယစိတ္တပဿဒ္ဓိ, ကိလေသပဿဒ္ဓိ နာမ ဟောတီတိ အတ္ထော. နတိယာတိ တဏှာနတိယာ. အသတီတိ ဘဝတ္ထာယ အာလယနိကန္တိပရိယုဋ္ဌာနေ အသတိ. အာဂတိဂတိ န ဟောတီတိ ပဋိသန္ဓိဝသေန အာဂတိ နာမ, စုတိဝသေန ဂမနံ နာမ န ဟောတိ. စုတူပပါတောတိ စဝနဝသေန စုတိ, ဥပပဇ္ဇနဝသေန ဥပပါတော. နေဝိဓ န ဟုရံ န ဥဘယမန္တရေနာတိ န ဣဓလောကေ န ပရလောကေ န ဥဘယတ္ထ ဟောတိ. ဧသေဝန္တော ဒုက္ခဿာတိ ဝဋ္ဋဒုက္ခကိလေသဒုက္ခဿ အယမေဝ အန္တော အယံ ပရိစ္ဆေဒေါ ပရိဝဋုမဘာဝေါ ဟောတိ. အယမေဝ ဟိ ဧတ္ထ အတ္ထော. ယေ ပန ‘‘ဥဘယမန္တရေနာ’’တိ ဝစနံ ဂဟေတွာ အန္တရာဘဝံ ဣစ္ဆန္တိ, တေသံ ဝစနံ နိရတ္ထကံ. အန္တရာဘဝဿ ဟိ ဘာဝေါ အဘိဓမ္မေ ပဋိက္ခိတ္တောယေဝ. ‘‘အန္တရေနာ’’တိ ဝစနံ ပန ဝိကပ္ပန္တရဒီပနံ. တသ္မာ အယမေတ္ထ အတ္ထော – နေဝ ဣဓ န ဟုရံ, အပရော ဝိကပ္ပော န ဥဘယန္တိ.

‘Tranquility’ (passaddhi) means tranquility of body and mind, that is, tranquility from defilements. ‘Inclination’ (nati) refers to the inclination of craving. ‘When there is no’ (asati) means when there is no clinging, delight, or obsession for the sake of existence. ‘There is no coming and going’ (āgatigati na hoti) means there is no coming by way of rebirth-linking, and no going by way of passing away. ‘Death and rebirth’ (cutūpapāta) refers to death in the sense of passing away, and rebirth in the sense of arising. ‘Neither here nor beyond nor in between the two’ (nevidha na huraṃ na ubhayamantarenā) means it is not in this world, not in the next world, and not in both places. ‘This is the end of suffering’ (esevanto dukkhassa) means this itself is the end of the suffering of the cycle and the suffering of defilements—this is the limit, the state of the cycle having ceased. This indeed is the meaning here. But the statement of those who, taking the phrase ‘in between the two’ (ubhayamantarenā), wish for an intermediate existence is meaningless, for the existence of an intermediate state has indeed been rejected in the Abhidhamma. The phrase ‘in between’ (antarenā), however, indicates another alternative. Therefore, the meaning here is: neither here nor hereafter; a further alternative is, not in both.

သတ္ထံ အာဟရေသီတိ ဇီဝိတဟာရကသတ္ထံ အာဟရိ, အာဟရိတွာ ကဏ္ဌနာဠံ ဆိန္ဒိ. အထဿ တသ္မိံ ခဏေ မရဏဘယံ ဩက္ကမိ, ဂတိနိမိတ္တံ ဥပဋ္ဌာသိ. သော အတ္တနော ပုထုဇ္ဇနဘာဝံ ဉတွာ, သံဝိဂ္ဂစိတ္တော ဝိပဿနံ ပဋ္ဌပေတွာ, သင်္ခါရေ ပရိဂ္ဂဏှန္တော အရဟတ္တံ ပတွာ, သမသီသီ ဟုတွာ ပရိနိဗ္ဗုတော. သမ္မုခါယေဝ အနုပဝဇ္ဇတာ ဗျာကတာတိ ကိဉ္စာပိ ဣဒံ ထေရဿ ပုထုဇ္ဇနကာလေ ဗျာကရဏံ ဟောတိ; ဧတေန ပန ဗျာကရဏေန အနန္တရာယမဿ ပရိနိဗ္ဗာနံ အဟောသိ. တသ္မာ ဘဂဝါ တဒေဝ ဗျာကရဏံ ဂဟေတွာ ကထေသိ.

‘He brought forth a knife’ (satthaṃ āharesi) means he brought forth a life-taking knife; having brought it forth, he cut his windpipe. Then, at that very moment, fear of death descended upon him, and the sign of his future destination appeared. Knowing his state as an ordinary person, with a sense of urgency, he established insight, comprehended the formations, attained Arahantship, and, becoming a ‘samasīsī,’ he attained final Nibbāna. ‘It was declared in his presence that he was blameless’ (sammukhāyeva anupavajjatā byākatā) means that although this declaration was made concerning the elder while he was still an ordinary person, by this declaration his final Nibbāna occurred without obstacle. Therefore, the Blessed One, taking up that very declaration, spoke.

ဥပဝဇ္ဇကုလာနီတိ ဥပသင်္ကမိတဗ္ဗကုလာနိ. ဣမိနာ ထေရော, ‘‘ဘန္တေ, ဧဝံ ဥပဋ္ဌာကေသု စ ဥပဋ္ဌာယိကာသု စ ဝိဇ္ဇမာနာသု သော ဘိက္ခု တုမှာကံ သာသနေ ပရိနိဗ္ဗာယိဿတီ’’တိ ပုဗ္ဗဘာဂပဋိပတ္တိယံ ကုလသံသဂ္ဂဒေါသံ ဒဿေန္တော ပုစ္ဆတိ. အထဿ ဘဂဝါ ကုလေသု သံသဂ္ဂါဘာဝံ ဒီပေန္တော ဟောန္တိ ဟေတေ သာရိပုတ္တာတိအာဒိမာဟ. ဣမသ္မိံ ကိရ ဌာနေ ထေရဿ ကုလေသု အသံသဋ္ဌဘာဝေါ ပါကဋော အဟောသိ. သေသံ သဗ္ဗတ္ထ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

‘Families that should be approached’ (upavajjakulāni) means families that should be visited. By this, the elder, showing the fault of association with families in the preliminary part of the practice, asks, ‘Venerable sir, with such male and female supporters present, how will that bhikkhu attain final Nibbāna in your Dispensation?’ Then the Blessed One, showing his absence of association with families, said, ‘These exist, Sāriputta…’ and so forth. It seems that on this occasion, the elder’s lack of association with families became evident. The rest is clear everywhere.

၅-၆. ပုဏ္ဏသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

5-6. Commentary on the Puṇṇa Sutta, etc.

၈၈-၈၉. ပဉ္စမေ တဉ္စေတိ တံ စက္ခုဉ္စေဝ ရူပဉ္စ. နန္ဒိသမုဒယာ ဒုက္ခသမုဒယောတိ တဏှာယ သမောဓာနေန ပဉ္စက္ခန္ဓဒုက္ခဿ သမောဓာနံ ဟောတိ. ဣတိ [Pg.20] ဆသု ဒွါရေသု ‘‘နန္ဒိသမုဒယာ ဒုက္ခသမုဒယော’’တိ ဣမိနာ ဒွိန္နံ သစ္စာနံ ဝသေန ဝဋ္ဋံ မတ္ထကံ ပါပေတွာ ဒဿေသိ. ဒုတိယနယေ နိရောဓော မဂ္ဂေါတိ ဒွိန္နံ သစ္စာနံ ဝသေန ဝိဝဋ္ဋံ မတ္ထကံ ပါပေတွာ ဒဿေသိ. ဣမိနာ တွံ ပုဏ္ဏာတိ ပါဋိယေက္ကော အနုသန္ဓိ. ဧဝံ တာဝ ဝဋ္ဋဝိဝဋ္ဋဝသေန ဒေသနံ အရဟတ္တေ ပက္ခိပိတွာ ဣဒါနိ ပုဏ္ဏတ္ထေရံ သတ္တသု ဌာနေသု သီဟနာဒံ နဒါပေတုံ ဣမိနာ တွန္တိအာဒိမာဟ.

In the fifth, 'tañca' means that eye and that form. 'From the arising of delight is the arising of suffering' means: through conjunction with craving, there is a conjunction of the suffering of the five aggregates. Thus, in the six doors, with the phrase ‘from the arising of delight is the arising of suffering,’ the Blessed One taught, having brought the cycle of existence to its culmination by means of the two truths. In the second method, by means of the two truths, cessation and the path, He taught, having brought that which is free from the cycle to its culmination. 'By this, you, Puṇṇa...' is a separate connection. Thus, having first placed the teaching concerning the cycle and that which is free from the cycle within Arahantship, now, in order to have the Elder Puṇṇa utter a lion's roar in seven instances, the Blessed One said, 'By this, you...' and so on.

စဏ္ဍာတိ ဒုဋ္ဌာ ကိဗ္ဗိသာ. ဖရုသာတိ ကက္ခဠာ အက္ကောသိဿန္တီတိ ဒသဟိ အက္ကောသဝတ္ထူဟိ အက္ကောသိဿန္တိ. ပရိဘာသိဿန္တီတိ ‘‘ကိံ သမဏော နာမ တွံ, ဣဒဉ္စိဒဉ္စ တေ ကရိဿာမာ’’တိ တဇ္ဇေဿန္တိ. ဧဝမေတ္ထာတိ ဧဝံ မယှံ ဧတ္ထ ဘဝိဿတိ. ဒဏ္ဍေနာတိ စတုဟတ္ထဒဏ္ဍေန ဝါ ခဒိရဒဏ္ဍေန ဝါ ဃဋိကမုဂ္ဂရေန ဝါ. သတ္ထေနာတိ ဧကတောဓာရာဒိနာ သတ္ထေန. သတ္ထဟာရကံ ပရိယေသန္တီတိ ဇီဝိတဟာရကသတ္ထံ ပရိယေသန္တိ. ဣဒံ ထေရော တတိယပါရာဇိကဝတ္ထုသ္မိံ အသုဘကထံ သုတွာ အတ္တဘာဝေန ဇိဂုစ္ဆန္တာနံ ဘိက္ခူနံ သတ္ထဟာရကပရိယေသနံ သန္ဓာယာဟ. ဒမူပသမေနာတိ ဧတ္ထ ဒမောတိ ဣန္ဒြိယသံဝရာဒီနံ ဧတံ နာမံ.

‘Fierce’ means wicked and sinful. ‘Harsh’ means rough. ‘They will abuse’ means they will abuse with the ten grounds for abuse. ‘They will revile’ means they will threaten, saying, “What kind of ascetic are you? We will do this and that to you.” ‘Thus it will be for me here’ means this is how it will be for me in this matter. ‘With a stick’ means with a four-cubit stick, a khadira-wood stick, or a club. ‘With a weapon’ means with a single-edged weapon or the like. ‘They seek a life-taking weapon’ means they seek a weapon that takes away life. The Elder said this referring to the seeking of a life-taking weapon by the monks who, having heard the discourse on foulness in the context of the third pārājika offense, were disgusted with their own bodies. ‘By taming and calming’—here, 'taming' (dama) is a name for sense-restraint and so on.

‘‘သစ္စေန ဒန္တော ဒမသာ ဥပေတော,ဝေဒန္တဂူ ဝုသိတဗြဟ္မစရိယော’’တိ. (သံ. နိ. ၁.၁၉၅;

သု. နိ. ၄၆၇) –

“Tamed by truth, endowed with self-restraint, one who has reached the goal through supreme knowledge, who has lived the holy life.”

ဧတ္ထ ဟိ ဣန္ဒြိယသံဝရော ဒမောတိ ဝုတ္တော. ‘‘ယဒိ သစ္စာ ဒမာ စာဂါ, ခန္တျာ ဘိယျောဓ ဝိဇ္ဇတီ’’တိ (သု. နိ. ၁၉၁; သံ. နိ. ၁.၂၄၆) ဧတ္ထ ပညာ ဒမောတိ ဝုတ္တာ. ‘‘ဒါနေန ဒမေန သံယမေန သစ္စဝဇ္ဇေနာ’’တိ (ဒီ. နိ. ၁.၁၆၅; မ. နိ. ၂.၂၂၆) ဧတ္ထ ဥပေါသထကမ္မံ ဒမောတိ ဝုတ္တံ. ဣမသ္မိံ ပန သုတ္တေ ခန္တိ ဒမောတိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. ဥပသမောတိ တဿေဝ ဝေဝစနံ.

For here, in the previous quote, sense-restraint is called 'dama.' In the verse, ‘If there is nothing found here better than truth, self-control (dama), generosity, and patience,’ 'dama' refers to wisdom. In the phrase, ‘By giving, by self-control (dama), by restraint, and by truthful speech,’ 'dama' refers to the Uposatha observance. But in this Sutta, patience should be understood as 'dama.' 'Upasama' (calm) is a synonym for it.

အထ ခေါ အာယသ္မာ ပုဏ္ဏောတိ ကော ပနေသ ပုဏ္ဏော, ကသ္မာ စ ပနေတ္ထ ဂန္တုကာမော အဟောသီတိ? သုနာပရန္တဝါသိကော ဧဝ ဧသ, သာဝတ္ထိယံ ပန အသပ္ပာယဝိဟာရံ သလ္လက္ခေတွာ တတ္ထ ဂန္တုကာမော အဟောသိ.

Now, concerning the venerable Puṇṇa: Who is this Puṇṇa, and why did he wish to go there? He was indeed a resident of Sunāparanta, but having noted the unsuitable dwelling in Sāvatthī, he wished to go there.

တတြာယံ [Pg.21] အနုပ္ပုဗ္ဗိကထာ – သုနာပရန္တရဋ္ဌေ ကိရ ဧကသ္မိံ ဝါဏိဇဂါမေ ဧတေ ဒွေ ဘာတရော. တေသု ကဒါစိ ဇေဋ္ဌော ပဉ္စ သကဋသတာနိ ဂဟေတွာ ဇနပဒံ ဂန္တွာ ဘဏ္ဍံ အာဟရတိ, ကဒါစိ ကနိဋ္ဌော. ဣမသ္မိံ ပန သမယေ ကနိဋ္ဌံ ဃရေ ဌပေတွာ, ဇေဋ္ဌဘာတိကော ပဉ္စ သကဋသတာနိ ဂဟေတွာ, ဇနပဒစာရိကံ စရန္တော အနုပုဗ္ဗေန သာဝတ္ထိံ ပတွာ, ဇေတဝနဿ နာတိဒူရေ သကဋသတ္ထံ နိဝေသေတွာ ဘုတ္တပါတရာသော ပရိဇနပရိဝုတော ဖာသုကဋ္ဌာနေ နိသီဒိ.

Here is the sequential narrative: In the Sunāparanta country, it is said, there were two brothers in a certain merchant village. At times the elder brother would take five hundred carts and go into the country to procure goods, and at times the younger brother. At this time, leaving the younger brother at home, the elder brother took five hundred carts and, journeying through the country, gradually arrived at Sāvatthī. He halted his train of carts not far from Jetavana and, after taking his morning meal, sat at ease in a pleasant place, attended by his retinue.

တေန စ သမယေန သာဝတ္ထိဝါသိနော ဘုတ္တပါတရာသာ ဥပေါသထင်္ဂါနိ အဓိဋ္ဌာယ သုဒ္ဓုတ္တရာသင်္ဂါ ဂန္ဓပုပ္ဖာဒိဟတ္ထာ ယေန ဗုဒ္ဓေါ, ယေန ဓမ္မော, ယေန သံဃော, တန္နိန္နာ တပ္ပောဏာ တပ္ပဗ္ဘာရာ ဟုတွာ, ဒက္ခိဏဒွါရေန နိက္ခမိတွာ ဇေတဝနံ ဂစ္ဆန္တိ. သော တေ ဒိသွာ ‘‘ကဟံ ဣမေ ဂစ္ဆန္တီ’’တိ ဧကံ မနုဿံ ပုစ္ဆိ. ကိံ တွံ, အယျော, န ဇာနာသိ? လောကေ ဗုဒ္ဓဓမ္မသံဃရတနာနိ နာမ ဥပ္ပန္နာနိ, ဣစ္စေသော မဟာဇနော သတ္ထု သန္တိကံ ဓမ္မကထံ သောတုံ ဂစ္ဆတီတိ. တဿ ‘‘ဗုဒ္ဓေါ’’တိ ဝစနံ ဆဝိစမ္မာဒီနိ ဆိန္ဒိတွာ အဋ္ဌိမိဉ္ဇံ အာဟစ္စ အဋ္ဌာသိ. သော အတ္တနော ပရိဇနပရိဝုတော တာယ ပရိသာယ သဒ္ဓိံ ဝိဟာရံ ဂန္တွာ, သတ္ထု မဓုရဿရေန ဓမ္မံ ဒေသေန္တဿ ပရိသပရိယန္တေ ဌိတော, ဓမ္မံ သုတွာ ပဗ္ဗဇ္ဇာယ စိတ္တံ ဥပ္ပာဒေသိ. အထ တထာဂတေန ကာလံ ဝိဒိတွာ ပရိသာယ ဥယျောဇိတာယ သတ္ထာရံ ဥပသင်္ကမိတွာ, ဝန္ဒိတွာ, သွာတနာယ နိမန္တေတွာ, ဒုတိယဒိဝသေ မဏ္ဍပံ ကာရေတွာ, အာသနာနိ ပညာပေတွာ, ဗုဒ္ဓပ္ပမုခဿ သံဃဿ မဟာဒါနံ ဒတွာ, ဘုတ္တပါတရာသော ဥပေါသထင်္ဂါနိ အဓိဋ္ဌာယ ဘဏ္ဍာဂါရိကံ ပက္ကောသာပေတွာ, ‘‘ဧတ္တကံ ဓနံ ဝိဿဇ္ဇိတံ, ဧတ္တကံ ဓနံ န ဝိဿဇ္ဇိတ’’န္တိ သဗ္ဗံ အာစိက္ခိတွာ, ‘‘ဣမံ သာပတေယျံ မယှံ ကနိဋ္ဌဿ ဒေဟီ’’တိ သဗ္ဗံ နိယျာတေတွာ, သတ္ထု သန္တိကေ ပဗ္ဗဇိတွာ, ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနပရာယဏော အဟောသိ.

At that time, the residents of Sāvatthī, having taken their morning meal and undertaken the Uposatha precepts, wearing clean upper robes and with perfumes and flowers in hand, were inclined, bent, and sloped towards the Buddha, the Dhamma, and the Saṅgha. Leaving by the southern gate, they went to Jetavana. Seeing them, he asked a man, “Where are these people going?” “Sir, do you not know? In the world, the gems named Buddha, Dhamma, and Saṅgha have arisen. Therefore, this great crowd is going to the Teacher’s presence to hear the Dhamma talk.” For him, the word ‘Buddha’ cut through his skin, flesh, and so on, and stood, having struck the marrow of his bones. Surrounded by his retinue, he went with that crowd to the monastery. Standing at the edge of the assembly while the Teacher was teaching the Dhamma with a sweet voice, he heard the Dhamma and the thought to go forth arose in him. Then, when the Tathāgata, knowing the time, had dismissed the assembly, he approached the Teacher, paid homage, and invited him for the next day. On the second day, having had a pavilion made and seats prepared, he gave a great offering of alms to the Saṅgha with the Buddha at its head. After he had eaten his morning meal and undertaken the Uposatha precepts, he summoned the treasurer, explained everything—“this much wealth has been spent, this much has not”—and handed over everything, saying, “Give this property to my younger brother.” Then, having gone forth in the presence of the Teacher, he became devoted to his meditation subject.

အထဿ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ မနသိကရောန္တဿ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ န ဥပဋ္ဌာတိ. တတော စိန္တေသိ – ‘‘အယံ ဇနပဒေါ မယှံ အသပ္ပာယော, ယံနူနာဟံ သတ္ထု သန္တိကေ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ ဂဟေတွာ သကရဋ္ဌမေဝ ဂစ္ဆေယျ’’န္တိ. အထ ပုဗ္ဗဏှသမယေ ပိဏ္ဍာယ စရိတွာ, သာယနှေ ပဋိသလ္လာနာ ဝုဋ္ဌဟိတွာ, ဘဂဝန္တံ ဥပသင်္ကမိတွာ, ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ ကထာပေတွာ, သတ္တ သီဟနာဒေ နဒိတွာ, ပက္ကာမိ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ, ‘‘အထ ခေါ အာယသ္မာ ပုဏ္ဏော…ပေ… ဝိဟရတီ’’တိ.

Then, as he was attending to the meditation subject, the meditation subject did not become manifest for him. He thought, “This district is unsuitable for me. What if I were to take a meditation subject from the Teacher and return to my own country?” Then, in the morning, after going for alms, and rising from seclusion in the evening, he approached the Blessed One, had him teach the meditation subject, roared seven lion’s roars, and departed. Therefore it is said, “Then the venerable Puṇṇa… dwelt…”

ကတ္ထ [Pg.22] ပနာယံ ဝိဟာသီတိ? စတူသု ဌာနေသု ဝိဟာသိ. သုနာပရန္တရဋ္ဌံ တာဝ ပဝိသိတွာ စ အဗ္ဗုဟတ္ထပဗ္ဗတံ နာမ ပတွာ ဝါဏိဇဂါမံ ပိဏ္ဍာယ ပါဝိသိ. အထ နံ ကနိဋ္ဌဘာတာ သဉ္ဇာနိတွာ ဘိက္ခံ ဒတွာ, ‘‘ဘန္တေ, အညတ္ထ အဂန္တွာ ဣဓေဝ ဝသထာ’’တိ ပဋိညံ ကာရေတွာ တတ္ထေဝ ဝသာပေသိ.

Where then did he dwell? He dwelt in four places. First, having entered the country of Sunāparanta and reached a mountain called Abbuhattha, he entered a merchant village for alms. Then his younger brother recognized him, offered him alms, and having made him promise, “Venerable sir, do not go elsewhere, dwell right here,” he had him stay there.

တတော သမုဒ္ဒဂိရိဝိဟာရံ နာမ အဂမာသိ. တတ္ထ အယကန္တပါသာဏေဟိ ပရိစ္ဆိန္ဒိတွာ ကတစင်္ကမော အတ္ထိ, ကောစိ တံ စင်္ကမိတုံ သမတ္ထော နာမ နတ္ထိ. တတ္ထ သမုဒ္ဒဝီစိယော အာဂန္တွာ အယကန္တပါသာဏေသု ပဟရိတွာ မဟာသဒ္ဒံ ကရောန္တိ. ထေရော ‘‘ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ မနသိကရောန္တာနံ ဖာသုဝိဟာရော ဟောတူ’’တိ သမုဒ္ဒံ နိဿဒ္ဒံ ကတွာ အဓိဋ္ဌာသိ.

From there, he went to a monastery named Samuddagiri. There, a walking path had been made, enclosed by lodestone rocks. There, ocean waves would come and strike the lodestone rocks, making a great noise. The Elder, thinking, 'May there be a comfortable dwelling for those contemplating the meditation subject,' made a resolution and rendered the ocean silent.

တတော မာတုလဂိရိံ နာမ အဂမာသိ. တတ္ထပိ သကုဏသံဃော ဥဿန္နော ရတ္တိဉ္စ ဒိဝါ စ သဒ္ဒေါ ဧကာဗဒ္ဓေါဝ အဟောသိ. ထေရော ‘‘ဣဒံ ဌာနံ န ဖာသုက’’န္တိ တတော မကုလကာရာမဝိဟာရံ နာမ ဂတော. သော ဝါဏိဇဂါမဿ နာတိဒူရော နစ္စာသန္နော ဂမနာဂမနသမ္ပန္နော ဝိဝိတ္တော အပ္ပသဒ္ဒေါ. ထေရော ‘‘ဣမံ ဌာနံ ဖာသုက’’န္တိ တတ္ထ ရတ္တိဋ္ဌာနဒိဝါဋ္ဌာနစင်္ကမနာဒီနိ ကာရေတွာ ဝဿံ ဥပဂစ္ဆိ. ဧဝံ စတူသု ဌာနေသု ဝိဟာသိ.

From there, he went to a monastery named Mātulagiri. There, too, the community of birds was numerous, and day and night the sound was continuous, as if a single clamor. The Elder, thinking, 'This place is not comfortable,' went from there to a monastery named Makulakārāma. It was not too far from a merchant village, nor too close, suitable for coming and going, secluded, and with little sound. The Elder, thinking, 'This place is comfortable,' had places for the night, places for the day, walking paths, and so on, built there and entered the rains-residence. Thus, he dwelt in four places.

အထေကဒိဝသံ တသ္မိံယေဝ အန္တောဝဿေ ပဉ္စ ဝါဏိဇသတာနိ ‘‘ပရသမုဒ္ဒံ ဂစ္ဆာမာ’’တိ နာဝါယ ဘဏ္ဍံ ပက္ခိပိံသု. နာဝါရောဟနဒိဝသေ ထေရဿ ကနိဋ္ဌဘာတာ ထေရံ ဘောဇေတွာ, ထေရဿ သန္တိကေ သိက္ခာပဒါနိ ဂဟေတွာ, ဝန္ဒိတွာ, ‘‘ဘန္တေ, သမုဒ္ဒေါ နာမ အသဒ္ဓေယျော အနေကန္တရာယော, အမှေ အာဝဇ္ဇေယျာထာ’’တိ ဝတွာ နာဝံ အာရုဟိ. နာဝါ ဥတ္တမဇဝေန ဂစ္ဆမာနာ အညတရံ ဒီပကံ ပါပုဏိ. မနုဿာ ‘‘ပါတရာသံ ကရိဿာမာ’’တိ ဒီပကေ ဥတ္တိဏ္ဏာ. တသ္မိံ ပန ဒီပကေ အညံ ကိဉ္စိ နတ္ထိ, စန္ဒနဝနမေဝ အဟောသိ.

Then one day, during that same rains-residence, five hundred merchants loaded goods onto a ship, saying, 'We will go to the further shore of the ocean.' On the day of boarding the ship, the Elder’s younger brother fed the Elder, received the training rules from the Elder, paid homage, and said, 'Venerable sir, the ocean is untrustworthy and has many dangers; may you be mindful of us,' and then boarded the ship. The ship, moving at great speed, reached a certain small island. The men disembarked onto the small island, thinking, 'We will make our morning meal.' On that small island, however, there was nothing else; there was only a sandalwood forest.

အထေကော ဝါသိယာ ရုက္ခံ အာကောဋေတွာ လောဟိတစန္ဒနဘာဝံ ဉတွာ အာဟ – ‘‘ဘော, မယံ လာဘတ္ထာယ ပရသမုဒ္ဒံ ဂစ္ဆာမ, ဣတော စ ဥတ္တရိ လာဘော နာမ နတ္ထိ, စတုရင်္ဂုလမတ္တာ ဃဋိကာ သတသဟဿံ အဂ္ဃတိ. ဟာရေတဗ္ဗယုတ္တကံ ဘဏ္ဍံ ဟာရေတွာ စန္ဒနဿ ပူရေဿာမာ’’တိ တေ တထာ ကရိံသု[Pg.23]. စန္ဒနဝနေ အဓိဝတ္ထာ အမနုဿာ ကုဇ္ဈိတွာ, ‘‘ဣမေဟိ အမှာကံ စန္ဒနဝနံ နာသိတံ ဃာတေဿာမ နေ’’တိ စိန္တေတွာ – ‘‘ဣဓေဝ ဃာတိတေသု သဗ္ဗံ ဧကကုဏပံ ဘဝိဿတိ, သမုဒ္ဒမဇ္ဈေ နေသံ နာဝံ ဩသီဒေဿာမာ’’တိ အာဟံသု. အထ နေသံ နာဝံ အာရုယှ မုဟုတ္တံ ဂတကာလေယေဝ ဥပ္ပာတိကံ ဥဋ္ဌပေတွာ သယမ္ပိ တေ အမနုဿာ ဘယာနကာနိ ရူပါနိ ဒဿယိံသု. ဘီတာ မနုဿာ အတ္တနော အတ္တနော ဒေဝတာနံ နမဿန္တိ. ထေရဿ ကနိဋ္ဌော စူဠပုဏ္ဏကုဋုမ္ဗိကော ‘‘မယှံ ဘာတာ အဝဿယော ဟောတူ’’တိ ထေရဿ နမဿမာနော အဋ္ဌာသိ.

Then one man struck a tree with an adze and, recognizing it as red sandalwood, said: 'Friends, we are going to the further shore of the ocean for profit, but there is no greater profit than this. A piece just four finger-breadths in size is worth a hundred thousand. Let us discard the goods that should be discarded and fill the ship with sandalwood.' They did so. The non-humans who dwelt in the sandalwood forest became angry and thought, 'These men have destroyed our sandalwood forest; we will kill them.' They said, 'If they are killed right here, the whole island will become a single mass of corpses. We will sink their ship in the middle of the ocean.' Then, having boarded their ship, just as it had gone for a moment, those non-humans raised a calamitous great wave and they themselves displayed terrifying forms. The frightened men paid homage to their own respective deities. The Elder’s younger brother, the householder Cūḷapuṇṇa, stood paying homage to the Elder, thinking, 'May my brother be my refuge.'

ထေရောပိ ကိရ တသ္မိံယေဝ ခဏေ အာဝဇ္ဇေတွာ, တေသံ ဗျသနုပ္ပတ္တိံ ဉတွာ, ဝေဟာသံ ဥပ္ပတိတွာ, အဘိမုခေါ အဋ္ဌာသိ. အမနုဿာ ထေရံ ဒိသွာဝ ‘‘အယျော ပုဏ္ဏတ္ထေရော ဧတီ’’တိ အပက္ကမိံသု, ဥပ္ပာတိကံ သန္နိသီဒိ. ထေရော ‘‘မာ ဘာယထာ’’တိ တေ အဿာသေတွာ ‘‘ကဟံ ဂန္တုကာမတ္ထာ’’တိ ပုစ္ဆိ. ဘန္တေ, အမှာကံ သကဋ္ဌာနမေဝ ဂစ္ဆာမာတိ. ထေရော နာဝင်္ဂဏေ အက္ကမိတွာ ‘‘ဧတေသံ ဣစ္ဆိတဋ္ဌာနံ ဂစ္ဆတူ’’တိ အဓိဋ္ဌာသိ. ဝါဏိဇာ သကဋ္ဌာနံ ဂန္တွာ, တံ ပဝတ္တိံ ပုတ္တဒါရဿ အာရောစေတွာ, ‘‘ဧထ ထေရံ သရဏံ ဂစ္ဆာမာ’’တိ ပဉ္စသတာပိ အတ္တနော ပဉ္စဟိ မာတုဂါမသတေဟိ သဒ္ဓိံ တီသု သရဏေသု ပတိဋ္ဌာယ ဥပါသကတ္တံ ပဋိဝေဒေသုံ. တတော နာဝါယ ဘဏ္ဍံ ဩတာရေတွာ ထေရဿ ဧကံ ကောဋ္ဌာသံ ကတွာ, ‘‘အယံ, ဘန္တေ, တုမှာကံ ကောဋ္ဌာသော’’တိ အာဟံသု. ထေရော မယှံ ဝိသုံ ကောဋ္ဌာသကိစ္စံ နတ္ထိ. သတ္ထာ ပန တုမှေဟိ ဒိဋ္ဌပုဗ္ဗောတိ. န ဒိဋ္ဌပုဗ္ဗော, ဘန္တေတိ. တေန ဟိ ဣမိနာ သတ္ထု မဏ္ဍလမာဠံ ကရောထ. ဧဝံ သတ္ထာရံ ပဿိဿထာတိ. တေ သာဓု, ဘန္တေတိ. တေန စ ကောဋ္ဌာသေန အတ္တနော စ ကောဋ္ဌာသေဟိ မဏ္ဍလမာဠံ ကာတုံ အာရဘိံသု.

The Elder too, it is said, at that very moment reflected, and knowing their impending destruction, he rose into the sky and stood facing them. As soon as the non-humans saw the Elder, they fled, thinking, 'The noble Elder Puṇṇa is coming!' The great wave subsided. The Elder reassured them, saying, 'Do not be afraid,' and asked, 'Where do you wish to go?' 'Venerable sir, we are going to our own place.' The Elder, stepping onto the ship's deck, made a resolution: 'May this ship go to their desired place.' The merchants, having arrived at their own place, related the incident to their children and wives, and saying, 'Come, let us go for refuge to the Elder,' all five hundred of them, together with their five hundred womenfolk, established themselves in the Three Refuges and declared themselves lay followers. Then, unloading the goods from the ship, they made a portion for the Elder and said, 'Venerable sir, this is your portion.' The Elder said, 'I have no need for a separate portion. But have you ever seen the Teacher?' 'We have never seen him, venerable sir.' 'In that case, with this, build a circular pavilion for the Teacher. In this way, you will see the Teacher.' 'Very well, venerable sir,' they said. And with his portion and their own portions, they began to build the circular pavilion.

သတ္ထာပိ ကိရ တံ အာရဒ္ဓကာလတော ပဋ္ဌာယ ပရိဘောဂံ အကာသိ. အာရက္ခမနုဿာ ရတ္တိံ ဩဘာသံ ဒိသွာ, ‘‘မဟေသက္ခာ ဒေဝတာ အတ္ထီ’’တိ သညံ ကရိံသု. ဥပါသကာ မဏ္ဍလမာဠဉ္စ ဘိက္ခုသံဃဿ စ သေနာသနာနိ နိဋ္ဌာပေတွာ ဒါနသမ္ဘာရံ သဇ္ဇေတွာ, ‘‘ကတံ, ဘန္တေ, အမှေဟိ အတ္တနော ကိစ္စံ, သတ္ထာရံ ပက္ကောသထာ’’တိ ထေရဿ အာရောစေသုံ. ထေရော သာယနှသမယေ ဣဒ္ဓိယာ သာဝတ္ထိံ ဂန္တွာ, ‘‘ဘန္တေ, ဝါဏိဇဂါမဝါသိနော တုမှေ ဒဋ္ဌုကာမာ[Pg.24], တေသံ အနုကမ္ပံ ကရောထာ’’တိ ဘဂဝန္တံ ယာစိ. ဘဂဝါ အဓိဝါသေသိ. ထေရော သကဋ္ဌာနမေဝ ပစ္စာဂတော.

The Teacher also, it is said, from the time its construction began, made use of it by entering meditative attainment there. The guards, seeing a radiance at night, formed the perception, 'There is a deity of great power.' The lay followers, having completed the circular pavilion and the lodgings for the community of monks, and having prepared the requisites for the offering, informed the Elder, 'Venerable sir, our task has been done. Please invite the Teacher.' In the evening, the Elder went to Sāvatthī by psychic power and requested the Blessed One, 'Venerable sir, the inhabitants of the merchant village wish to see you; please show compassion to them.' The Blessed One consented. The Elder returned to his own place.

ဘဂဝါပိ အာနန္ဒတ္ထေရံ အာမန္တေသိ, ‘‘အာနန္ဒ, သွေ သုနာပရန္တေ ဝါဏိဇဂါမေ ပိဏ္ဍာယ စရိဿာမ, တွံ ဧကူနပဉ္စသတာနံ ဘိက္ခူနံ သလာကံ ဒေဟီ’’တိ. ထေရော ‘‘သာဓု, ဘန္တေ’’တိ ဘိက္ခုသံဃဿ တမတ္ထံ အာရောစေတွာ, ‘‘အာကာသစာရီ ဘိက္ခူ သလာကံ ဂဏှန္တူ’’တိ အာဟ. တံဒိဝသံ ကုဏ္ဍဓာနတ္ထေရော ပဌမံ သလာကံ အဂ္ဂဟေသိ. ဝါဏိဇဂါမဝါသိနောပိ ‘‘သွေ ကိရ သတ္ထာ အာဂမိဿတီ’’တိ ဂါမမဇ္ဈေ မဏ္ဍပံ ကတွာ ဒါနဂ္ဂံ သဇ္ဇယိံသု. ဘဂဝါ ပါတောဝ သရီရပဋိဇဂ္ဂနံ ကတွာ, ဂန္ဓကုဋိံ ပဝိသိတွာ, ဖလသမာပတ္တိံ အပ္ပေတွာ, နိသီဒိ. သက္ကဿ ပဏ္ဍုကမ္ဗလသိလာသနံ ဥဏှံ အဟောသိ. သော ‘‘ကိံ ဣဒ’’န္တိ အာဝဇ္ဇေတွာ သတ္ထု သုနာပရန္တဂမနံ ဒိသွာ, ဝိဿကမ္မံ အာမန္တေသိ, ‘‘တာတ, အဇ္ဇ ဘဂဝါ တိံသမတ္တာနိ ယောဇနသတာနိ ပိဏ္ဍစာရံ ဂမိဿတိ. ပဉ္စ ကူဋာဂါရသတာနိ မာပေတွာ ဇေတဝနဒွါရကောဋ္ဌကမတ္ထကေ ဂမနသဇ္ဇာနိ ကတွာ ဌပေဟီ’’တိ. သော တထာ အကာသိ. ဘဂဝတော ကူဋာဂါရံ စတုမုခံ အဟောသိ, ဒွိန္နံ အဂ္ဂသာဝကာနံ ဒွိမုခါနိ, သေသာနိ ဧကမုခါနိ, သတ္ထာ ဂန္ဓကုဋိတော နိက္ခမိတွာ ပဋိပါဋိယာ ဌပိတကူဋာဂါရေသု ဓုရကူဋာဂါရံ ပါဝိသိ. ဒွေ အဂ္ဂသာဝကေ အာဒိံ ကတွာ ဧကူနပဉ္စဘိက္ခုသတာနိပိ ကူဋာဂါရဂတာနိ အဟေသုံ. ဧကံ တုစ္ဆံ ကူဋာဂါရံ အဟောသိ, ပဉ္စပိ ကူဋာဂါရသတာနိ အာကာသေ ဥပ္ပတ္တိံသု.

The Blessed One also addressed the Elder Ānanda, saying, “Ānanda, tomorrow we will go for alms in the merchant village of Sunāparanta. You should give the lot to the four hundred and ninety-nine monks.” The Elder replied, “Very well, venerable sir,” and having informed the Saṅgha of monks about the matter, said, “Let the monks who travel through the sky take the lot.” On that day, the Elder Kuṇḍadhāna was the first to take a lot. The dwellers of the merchant village, hearing that the Teacher would come the next day, prepared a pavilion in the middle of the village and arranged the alms-offering. The Blessed One, having attended to his bodily needs early in the morning, entered the fragrant dwelling, entered upon fruition-attainment, and sat down. Sakka's Paṇḍukambala stone throne became hot. He reflected, “What is this?” and seeing the Teacher's journey to Sunāparanta, addressed Vissakamma, saying, “Dear one, today the Blessed One will travel about three thousand yojanas for his alms-round. Create five hundred peaked houses, and having made them ready for departure, place them above the gate-tower of Jetavana.” He did so. The Blessed One's peaked house had four entrances, those of the two chief disciples had two entrances each, and the rest had one entrance each. The Teacher, having left the fragrant dwelling, entered the foremost peaked house among those arranged in order. Beginning with the two chief disciples, the four hundred and ninety-nine monks also went into their respective peaked houses. One peaked house was empty, and all five hundred peaked houses rose into the sky.

သတ္ထာ သစ္စဗန္ဓပဗ္ဗတံ နာမ ပတွာ ကူဋာဂါရံ အာကာသေ ဌပေသိ. တသ္မိံ ပဗ္ဗတေ သစ္စဗန္ဓော နာမ မိစ္ဆာဒိဋ္ဌိကတာပသော မဟာဇနံ မိစ္ဆာဒိဋ္ဌိံ ဥဂ္ဂဏှာပေန္တော လာဘဂ္ဂယသဂ္ဂပ္ပတ္တော ဟုတွာ ဝသတိ, အဗ္ဘန္တရေ စဿ အန္တောစာဋိယံ ပဒီပေါ ဝိယ အရဟတ္တဖလဿ ဥပနိဿယော ဇလတိ. တံ ဒိသွာ ‘‘ဓမ္မမဿ ကထေဿာမီ’’တိ ဂန္တွာ ဓမ္မံ ဒေသေသိ. တာပသော ဒေသနာပရိယောသာနေ အရဟတ္တံ ပါပုဏိ. မဂ္ဂေနေဝဿ အဘိညာ အာဂတာ. သော ဧဟိဘိက္ခု ဟုတွာ ဣဒ္ဓိမယပတ္တစီဝရဓရော တုစ္ဆကူဋာဂါရံ ပါဝိသိ.

The Teacher reached a mountain named Saccabandha and placed the peaked house in the sky. On that mountain lived an ascetic with wrong views named Saccabandha, who, while teaching wrong views to the great multitude, dwelt there having attained the pinnacle of gain and honor. Within him, however, the supporting condition for the fruit of arahantship burned like a lamp inside a pot. Seeing him, the Teacher thought, “I will teach him the Dhamma,” and having gone to him, he taught the Dhamma. At the end of the discourse, the ascetic attained arahantship. The higher knowledges came to him by means of the Path itself. He became an ehi-bhikkhu, and bearing a bowl and robes created by psychic power, he entered the empty peaked house.

ဘဂဝါ [Pg.25] ကူဋာဂါရဂတေဟိ ပဉ္စဟိ ဘိက္ခုသတေဟိ သဒ္ဓိံ ဝါဏိဇဂါမံ ဂန္တွာ, ကူဋာဂါရာနိ အဒိဿမာနကာနိ ကတွာ, ဝါဏိဇဂါမံ ပါဝိသိ. ဝါဏိဇာ ဗုဒ္ဓပ္ပမုခဿ သံဃဿ မဟာဒါနံ ဒတွာ သတ္ထာရံ မကုလကာရာမံ နယိံသု. သတ္ထာ မဏ္ဍလမာဠံ ပါဝိသိ. မဟာဇနော ယာဝ သတ္ထာ ဘတ္တဒရထံ ပဋိပ္ပဿမ္ဘေတိ, တာဝ ပါတရာသံ ကတွာ ဥပေါသထင်္ဂါနိ သမာဒါယ ဗဟုံ ဂန္ဓဉ္စ ပုပ္ဖဉ္စ အာဒါယ ဓမ္မဿဝနတ္ထာယ အာရာမံ ပစ္စာဂမာသိ. သတ္ထာ ဓမ္မံ ဒေသေသိ. မဟာဇနဿ ဗန္ဓနမောက္ခော ဇာတော, မဟန္တံ ဗုဒ္ဓကောလာဟလံ အဟောသိ.

The Blessed One, together with the five hundred monks who were in the peaked houses, went to the merchant village. Having made the peaked houses invisible, he entered the merchant village. The merchants offered a great alms-giving to the Saṅgha headed by the Buddha and led the Teacher to the Makulakārāma. The Teacher entered the circular pavilion. While the Teacher was alleviating his bodily fatigue, the great multitude, having taken their morning meal and undertaken the Uposatha observances, took much incense and flowers and returned to the monastery to hear the Dhamma. The Teacher taught the Dhamma. For the great multitude, release from bondage occurred, and a great Buddha-uproar arose.

သတ္ထာ မဟာဇနဿ သင်္ဂဟတ္ထာယ သတ္တာဟံ တတ္ထေဝ ဝသိ, အရုဏံ ပန မဟာဂန္ဓကုဋိယံယေဝ ဥဋ္ဌပေသိ. သတ္တာဟမ္ပိ ဓမ္မဒေသနာပရိယောသာနေ စတုရာသီတိယာ ပါဏသဟဿာနံ ဓမ္မာဘိသမယော အဟောသိ. တတ္ထ သတ္တာဟံ ဝသိတွာ, ဝါဏိဇဂါမေ ပိဏ္ဍာယ စရိတွာ, ‘‘တွံ ဣဓေဝ ဝသာဟီ’’တိ ပုဏ္ဏတ္ထေရံ နိဝတ္တေတွာ အန္တရေ နမ္မဒါနဒီ နာမ အတ္ထိ, တဿာ တီရံ အဂမာသိ. နမ္မဒါ နာဂရာဇာ သတ္ထု ပစ္စုဂ္ဂမနံ ကတွာ, နာဂဘဝနံ ပဝေသေတွာ, တိဏ္ဏံ ရတနာနံ သက္ကာရံ အကာသိ. သတ္ထာ တဿ ဓမ္မံ ကထေတွာ နာဂဘဝနာ နိက္ခမိ. သော ‘‘မယှံ, ဘန္တေ, ပရိစရိတဗ္ဗံ ဒေထာ’’တိ ယာစိ. ဘဂဝါ နမ္မဒါနဒီတီရေ ပဒစေတိယံ ဒဿေသိ. တံ ဝီစီသု အာဂတာသု ပိဓီယတိ, ဂတာသု ဝိဝရီယတိ. မဟာသက္ကာရပတ္တံ အဟောသိ. သတ္ထာ တတော နိက္ခမိတွာ သစ္စဗန္ဓပဗ္ဗတံ ဂန္တွာ သစ္စဗန္ဓံ အာဟ – ‘‘တယာ မဟာဇနော အပါယမဂ္ဂေ ဩတာရိတော. တွံ ဣဓေဝ ဝသိတွာ, ဧတေသံ လဒ္ဓိံ ဝိဿဇ္ဇာပေတွာ, နိဗ္ဗာနမဂ္ဂေ ပတိဋ္ဌာပေဟီ’’တိ. သောပိ ပရိစရိတဗ္ဗံ ယာစိ. သတ္ထာ ဃနပိဋ္ဌိပါသာဏေ အလ္လမတ္တိကပိဏ္ဍမှိ လဉ္ဆနံ ဝိယ ပဒစေတိယံ ဒဿေသိ. တတော ဇေတဝနမေဝ ဂတော. ဧတမတ္ထံ သန္ဓာယ တေနေဝ အန္တရဝဿေနာတိအာဒိ ဝုတ္တံ.

The Teacher, for the sake of benefiting the great multitude, stayed right there for seven days, but he caused the dawn to rise in the Great Fragrant Dwelling itself. For seven days, at the conclusion of the Dhamma discourse, eighty-four thousand beings attained the realization of the Dhamma. After staying there for seven days and having gone for alms in the merchant village, he sent the Elder Puṇṇa back, saying, “You stay right here.” In between, there is a river named Nammadā, and he went to its bank. The Nāga king Nammadā came out to welcome the Teacher, led him into the Nāga palace, and rendered homage to the Three Jewels. The Teacher taught him the Dhamma and then left the Nāga palace. He requested, “Venerable sir, please give me something to venerate.” The Blessed One showed him a footprint shrine on the bank of the Nammadā River. When the waves came, it was covered; when they receded, it was revealed. It became a place of great veneration. The Teacher then departed from there, went to the Saccabandha Mountain, and said to Saccabandha: “You have led the great multitude onto the path to the lower realms. You should stay right here, cause them to abandon this view, and establish them on the path to Nibbāna.” He too requested something to venerate. The Teacher showed him a footprint shrine on a solid stone slab, like a seal stamped on a lump of wet clay. From there, he went directly to Jetavana. It is with reference to this matter that the words beginning with “during that same rains-retreat” were spoken.

ပရိနိဗ္ဗာယီတိ အနုပါဒိသေသာယ နိဗ္ဗာနဓာတုယာ ပရိနိဗ္ဗာယိ. မဟာဇနော ထေရဿ သတ္တ ဒိဝသာနိ သရီရပူဇံ ကတွာ, ဗဟူနိ ဂန္ဓကဋ္ဌာနိ သမောဓာနေတွာ, သရီရံ ဈာပေတွာ ဓာတုယော အာဒါယ စေတိယံ အကာသိ. သမ္ဗဟုလာ ဘိက္ခူတိ ထေရဿ အာဠာဟနဋ္ဌာနေ ဌိတဘိက္ခူ. သေသံ သဗ္ဗတ္ထ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ. ဆဋ္ဌံ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

He attained Parinibbāna with the Nibbāna-element without residue remaining. The great multitude, having honored the elder’s body for seven days, gathered much fragrant firewood, cremated the body, took the relics, and built a shrine. “Several monks” refers to the monks standing at the elder’s cremation place. The rest is clear throughout. The sixth is also clear.

၇-၈. ပဌမဧဇာသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

7-8. Commentary on the First Ejā Sutta, etc.

၉၀-၉၁. သတ္တမေ [Pg.26] ဧဇာတိ တဏှာ. သာ ဟိ စလနဋ္ဌေန ဧဇာတိ ဝုစ္စတိ. သာဝ အာဗာဓနဋ္ဌေန ရောဂေါ, အန္တော ဒုဿနဋ္ဌေန ဂဏ္ဍော, နိကန္တနဋ္ဌေန သလ္လံ. တသ္မာတိ ယသ္မာ ဧဇာ ရောဂေါ စေဝ ဂဏ္ဍော စ သလ္လဉ္စ, တသ္မာ. စက္ခုံ န မညေယျာတိအာဒိ ဝုတ္တနယမေဝ, ဣဓာပိ သဗ္ဗံ ဟေဋ္ဌာ ဂဟိတမေဝ သံကဍ္ဎိတွာ ဒဿိတံ. အဋ္ဌမံ ဝုတ္တနယမေဝ.

90-91. In the seventh, “ejā” is craving. It is called “ejā” because of its characteristic of agitation. It is also a “disease” (rogo) because of its afflicting nature, a “boil” (gaṇḍo) because of its internal corruption, and an “arrow” (sallaṃ) because of its piercing nature. “Therefore” means: since ejā is a disease, a boil, and an arrow, therefore… “Should not conceive the eye,” etc., is by the same method as stated. Here too, everything taken up below is gathered together and shown. The eighth is by the same method as stated.

၉-၁၀. ပဌမဒွယသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

9-10. Commentary on the First Dvaya Sutta, etc.

၉၂-၉၃. နဝမေ ဒွယန္တိ ဒွေ ဒွေ ကောဋ္ဌာသေ. ဒသမေ ဣတ္ထေတံ ဒွယန္တိ ဧဝမေတံ ဒွယံ. စလဉ္စေဝ ဗျထဉ္စာတိ အတ္တနော သဘာဝေန အသဏ္ဌဟနတော စလတိ စေဝ ဗျထတိ စ. ယောပိ ဟေတု ယောပိ ပစ္စယောတိ စက္ခုဝိညာဏဿ ဝတ္ထာရမ္မဏံ ဟေတု စေဝ ပစ္စယော စ. ကုတော နိစ္စံ ဘဝိဿတီတိ ကေန ကာရဏေန နိစ္စံ ဘဝိဿတိ. ယထာ ပန ဒါသဿ ဒါသိယာ ကုစ္ဆိသ္မိံ ဇာတော ပုတ္တော ပရောဝ ဒါသော ဟောတိ, ဧဝံ အနိစ္စမေဝ ဟောတီတိ အတ္ထော. သင်္ဂတီတိ သဟဂတိ. သန္နိပါတောတိ ဧကတော သန္နိပတနံ. သမဝါယောတိ ဧကတော သမာဂမော. အယံ ဝုစ္စတိ စက္ခုသမ္ဖဿောတိ ဣမိနာ သင်္ဂတိသန္နိပါတသမဝါယသင်္ခါတေန ပစ္စယေန ဥပ္ပန္နတ္တာ ပစ္စယနာမေနေဝ သင်္ဂတိ သန္နိပါတော သမဝါယောတိ အယံ ဝုစ္စတိ စက္ခုသမ္ဖဿော.

92-93. In the ninth, “dvaya” means two parts, two portions. In the tenth, “itthetaṃ dvayaṃ” means “thus this pair.” “Calañceva byathañca” means it trembles and is afflicted because it does not stand firm by its own nature. “Yopi hetu yopi paccayo” means the base and object are both the cause and the condition for eye-consciousness. “Kuto niccaṃ bhavissati” means “By what reason will it be permanent?” Just as a son born in the womb of a female slave is indeed a slave, so too it is simply impermanent—this is the meaning. “Saṅgatī” means coming together. “Sannipāto” means confluence. “Samavāyoti” means concurrence. Regarding “This is called eye-contact”: because it arises from a condition designated as coming together, confluence, and concurrence, contact itself is called 'coming together,' 'confluence,' and 'concurrence' by the name of its condition; thus this is called 'eye-contact'.

သောပိ ဟေတူတိ ဖဿဿ ဝတ္ထု အာရမ္မဏံ သဟဇာတာ တယော ခန္ဓာတိ အယံ ဟေတု. ဖုဋ္ဌောတိ ဥပယောဂတ္ထေ ပစ္စတ္တံ, ဖဿေန ဖုဋ္ဌမေဝ ဂေါစရံ ဝေဒနာ ဝေဒေတိ, စေတနာ စေတေတိ, သညာ သဉ္ဇာနာတီတိ အတ္ထော. ဖုဋ္ဌောတိ ဝါ ဖဿသမင်္ဂီပုဂ္ဂလော, ဖဿေန ဖုဋ္ဌာရမ္မဏမေဝ ဝေဒနာဒီဟိ ဝေဒေတိ စေတေတိ သဉ္ဇာနာတီတိပိ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ. ဣတိ ဣမသ္မိံ သုတ္တေ သမတိံသက္ခန္ဓာ ကထိတာ ဟောန္တိ. ကထံ? စက္ခုဒွါရေ တာဝ ဝတ္ထု စေဝ အာရမ္မဏဉ္စ ရူပက္ခန္ဓော, ဖုဋ္ဌော ဝေဒေတီတိ ဝေဒနာက္ခန္ဓော, စေတေတီတိ သင်္ခါရက္ခန္ဓော, သဉ္ဇာနာတီတိ သညာက္ခန္ဓော, ဝိဇာနာတီတိ ဝိညာဏက္ခန္ဓောတိ. သေသဒွါရေသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော. မနောဒွါရေပိ ဟိ ဝတ္ထုရူပံ ဧကန္တတော ရူပက္ခန္ဓော, ရူပေ ပန အာရမ္မဏေ သတိ အာရမ္မဏမ္ပိ ရူပက္ခန္ဓောတိ ဆ ပဉ္စကာတိံသ ဟောန္တိ. သင်္ခေပေန ပနေတေ ဆသုပိ ဒွါရေသု ပဉ္စေဝ [Pg.27] ခန္ဓာတိ သပစ္စယေ ပဉ္စက္ခန္ဓေ အနိစ္စာတိ ဝိတ္ထာရေတွာ ဝုစ္စမာနေ ဗုဇ္ဈနကာနံ အဇ္ဈာသယေန ဣဒံ သုတ္တံ ဒေသိတန္တိ.

“This too is the cause” means: for contact, the base, the object, and the three co-nascent aggregates—this is the cause. “Phuṭṭho” (contacted) is in the nominative case, here used in the sense of experience; through contact, feeling feels only the object that is contacted, intention intends, and perception perceives—this is the meaning. Alternatively, “phuṭṭho” refers to a person endowed with contact; by means of contact, only the contacted object is felt, intended, and perceived by feeling and so on—this is also said. Thus, in this discourse, thirty aggregates are taught. How? At the eye-door, for instance, the base and the object are the form aggregate; “contacted, one feels” is the feeling aggregate; “one intends” is the formations aggregate; “one perceives” is the perception aggregate; and “one cognizes” is the consciousness aggregate. The same method applies to the remaining doors. At the mind-door too, the physical base is definitely the form aggregate; however, when the object is form, the object too is the form aggregate. Thus, six sets of five make thirty. In brief, however, in all six doors there are just these five aggregates. When the five aggregates with their conditions are explained in detail as impermanent, this discourse is taught according to the disposition of those who are ready to understand.

ဆန္နဝဂ္ဂေါ နဝမော.

The Channa Chapter is the ninth.

၁၀. သဠဝဂ္ဂေါ

10. The Chapter of Six

၁. အဒန္တအဂုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

1. Commentary on the Untamed and Unguarded

၉၄. သဠဝဂ္ဂဿ ပဌမေ အဒန္တာတိ အဒမိတာ. အဂုတ္တာတိ အဂေါပိတာ. အရက္ခိတာတိ န ရက္ခိတာ. အသံဝုတာတိ အပိဟိတာ. ဒုက္ခာဓိဝါဟာ ဟောန္တီတိ နေရယိကာဒိဘေဒံ အဓိကဒုက္ခံ အာဝဟနကာ ဟောန္တိ. သုခါဓိဝါဟာ ဟောန္တီတိ ဈာနမဂ္ဂဖလပဘေဒံ အဓိကသုခံ အာဝဟနကာ ဟောန္တိ. အဓိဝဟာတိပိ ပါဌော, ဧသေဝတ္ထော.

94. In the first of the Chapter of Six, `adantā` means untamed. `Aguttā` means unguarded. `Arakkhitā` means unprotected. `Asaṃvutā` means unclosed. `Dukkhādhivāhā honti` means they are bringers of excessive suffering, of various kinds such as that of the hells. `Sukhādhivāhā honti` means they are bringers of excessive happiness, of various kinds such as that of the jhānas, paths, and fruits. The reading `adhivahā` is also found, and the meaning is the same.

သဠေဝါတိ ဆ ဧဝ. အသံဝုတော ယတ္ထ ဒုက္ခံ နိဂစ္ဆတီတိ ယေသု အာယတနေသု သံဝရဝိရဟိတော ဒုက္ခံ ပါပုဏာတိ. တေသဉ္စ ယေ သံဝရဏံ အဝေဒိသုန္တိ ယေ တေသံ အာယတနာနံ သံဝရံ ဝိန္ဒိံသု ပဋိလဘိံသု. ဝိဟရန္တာနဝဿုတာတိ ဝိဟရန္တိ အနဝဿုတာ အတိန္တာ.

“Saḷeva” means six indeed. “Asaṃvuto yattha dukkhaṃ nigacchati” means: in those sense bases where one is devoid of restraint, one encounters suffering. “Tesañca ye saṃvaraṇaṃ avedisuṃ” means: those who have found and attained restraint over those sense bases. “Viharantānavassutā” means: they dwell without outflows, unstained.

အသာဒိတဉ္စ သာဒုန္တိ အဿာဒဝန္တဉ္စ မဓုရဉ္စ. ဖဿဒွယံ သုခဒုက္ခေ ဥပေက္ခေတိ သုခဖဿဉ္စ ဒုက္ခဖဿဉ္စာတိ ဣဒံ ဖဿဒွယံ ဥပေက္ခေ, ဥပေက္ခာမေဝေတ္ထ ဥပ္ပာဒေယျာတိ အတ္ထော. ဖဿဒွယံ သုခဒုက္ခံ ဥပေက္ခောတိ ဝါ ပါဌော, ဖဿဟေတုကံ သုခဒုက္ခံ ဥပေက္ခော, သုခေ အနုရောဓံ ဒုက္ခေ စ ဝိရောဓံ အနုပ္ပာဒေန္တော ဥပေက္ခကော ဘဝေယျာတိပိ အတ္ထော. အနာနုရုဒ္ဓေါ အဝိရုဒ္ဓေါ ကေနစီတိ ကေနစိ သဒ္ဓိံ နေဝ အနုရုဒ္ဓေါ န ဝိရုဒ္ဓေါ ဘဝေယျ.

`Asāditañca sādunti` means that which is savory and sweet. `Phassadvayaṃ sukhadukkhe upekkhe` means one should regard this pair of contacts—pleasant contact and painful contact—with equanimity; the meaning is that one should generate equanimity therein. Alternatively, the reading is `phassadvayaṃ sukhadukkhaṃ upekkhoti`: one should be equanimous towards pleasure and pain that have contact as their cause; the meaning is also that one should be equanimous by not generating attraction towards pleasure and aversion towards pain. `Anānuruddho aviruddho kenacīti` means one should be neither attracted to nor in conflict with anyone.

ပပဉ္စသညာတိ ကိလေသသညာယ ပပဉ္စသညာ နာမ ဟုတွာ. ဣတရီတရာ နရာတိ လာမကသတ္တာ ပပဉ္စယန္တာ ဥပယန္တီတိ ပပဉ္စယမာနာ ဝဋ္ဋံ ဥပဂစ္ဆန္တိ. သညိနောတိ သသညာ သတ္တာ. မနောမယံ ဂေဟသိတဉ္စ သဗ္ဗန္တိ သဗ္ဗမေဝ ပဉ္စကာမဂုဏဂေဟနိဿိတံ မနောမယံ ဝိတက္ကံ. ပနုဇ္ဇာတိ ပနုဒိတွာ နီဟရိတွာ. နေက္ခမ္မသိတံ ဣရီယတီတိ ဒဗ္ဗဇာတိကော ဘိက္ခု နေက္ခမ္မသိတံ ဣရိယေန ဣရီယတိ.

`Papañcasaññāti` means perceptions of proliferation, so called because they are perceptions associated with defilements. `Itarītarā narāti ... papañcayantā upayanti` means inferior beings, by creating proliferation, approach the round of rebirth. `Saññinoti` means beings possessing perception. `Manomayaṃ gehasitañca sabbanti` means all mind-made thought dependent on the 'house' of the five strands of sensual pleasure. `Panujjāti` means having dispelled, having removed. `Nekkhammasitaṃ irīyatīti` means a monk of noble birth behaves with conduct based on renunciation.

ဆဿု ယဒါ [Pg.28] သုဘာဝိတောတိ ဆသု အာရမ္မဏေသု ယဒါ သုဋ္ဌု ဘာဝိတော. ဖုဋ္ဌဿ စိတ္တံ န ဝိကမ္ပတေ ကွစီတိ သုခဖဿေန ဝါ ဒုက္ခဖဿေန ဝါ ဖုဋ္ဌဿ ကိသ္မိဉ္စိ စိတ္တံ န ကမ္ပတိ န ဝေဓတိ. ဘဝတ္ထ ဇာတိမရဏဿ ပါရဂါတိ ဇာတိမရဏာနံ ပါရံ နိဗ္ဗာနံ ဂမကာ ဟောထ.

`Chassu yadā subhāvitoti` means when, in regard to the six objects, it is thoroughly cultivated. `Phuṭṭhassa cittaṃ na vikampate kvacīti` means for one who is touched by either pleasant or painful contact, the mind does not tremble or shake in regard to anything. `Bhavattha jātimaraṇassa pāragāti` means be those who go to Nibbāna, the far shore of birth and death.

၂. မာလုကျပုတ္တသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

2. The Explanation of the Mālukyaputta Sutta

၉၅. ဒုတိယေ မာလုကျပုတ္တောတိ မာလုကျဗြာဟ္မဏိယာ ပုတ္တော. ဧတ္ထာတိ ဧတသ္မိံ တဝ ဩဝါဒါယာစနေ. ဣမိနာ ထေရံ အပသာဒေတိပိ ဥဿာဒေတိပိ. ကထံ? အယံ ကိရ ဒဟရကာလေ ရူပါဒီသု ပမဇ္ဇိတွာ ပစ္ဆာ မဟလ္လကကာလေ အရညဝါသံ ပတ္ထေန္တော ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ ယာစတိ. အထ ဘဂဝါ ‘‘ဧတ္ထ ဒဟရေ ကိံ ဝက္ခာမ? မာလုကျပုတ္တော ဝိယ တုမှေပိ တရုဏကာလေ ပမဇ္ဇိတွာ မဟလ္လကကာလေ အရညံ ပဝိသိတွာ သမဏဓမ္မံ ကရေယျာထာ’’တိ ဣမိနာ အဓိပ္ပာယေန ဘဏန္တော ထေရံ အပသာဒေတိ နာမ.

95. In the second sutta, `mālukyaputtoti` means the son of the brahmin woman Mālukyā. `Etthāti` means: in this your request for instruction. By this, the Blessed One both rebukes and encourages the elder. How? It is said that this elder, having been heedless regarding forms and so on in his youth, later in his old age, desiring to dwell in the forest, asks for a meditation subject. Then the Blessed One, speaking with this intention, ‘In this case, what shall we say to the young monks? “Like Mālukyaputta, you too, having been heedless in your youth, might enter the forest in your old age and practice the duty of a recluse”’—thus he is said to rebuke the elder.

ယသ္မာ ပန ထေရော မဟလ္လကကာလေပိ အရညံ ပဝိသိတွာ သမဏဓမ္မံ ကာတုကာမော, တသ္မာ ဘဂဝါ ‘‘ဧတ္ထ ဒဟရေ ကိံ ဝက္ခာမ? အယံ အမှာကံ မာလုကျပုတ္တော မဟလ္လကကာလေပိ အရညံ ပဝိသိတွာ သမဏဓမ္မံ ကတ္တုကာမော ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ ယာစတိ, တုမှေ နာမ တရုဏကာလေပိ ဝီရိယံ န ကရောထာ’’တိ ဣမိနာ အဓိပ္ပာယေန ဘဏန္တော ထေရံ ဥဿာဒေတိ နာမ.

However, since the elder, even in his old age, is desirous of entering the forest and practicing the duty of a recluse, therefore the Blessed One, speaking with this intention, is said to encourage the elder: ‘In this case, what shall we say to the young monks? “This Mālukyaputta of ours, even in his old age, wishing to enter the forest to practice the duty of a recluse, asks for a meditation subject; but you, even in your youth, do not make an effort!”’

ယတြ ဟိ နာမာတိ ယော နာမ. ကိဉ္စာပါဟန္တိ ကိဉ္စာပိ ‘‘အဟံ မဟလ္လကော’’တိ ဉာတံ. ယဒိ အဟံ မဟလ္လကော, မဟလ္လကော သမာနောပိ သက္ခိဿာမိ သမဏဓမ္မံ ကာတုံ, ဒေသေတု မေ, ဘန္တေ, ဘဂဝါတိ အဓိပ္ပာယေန မဟလ္လကဘာဝံ အနုဂ္ဂဏှန္တော ဩဝါဒဉ္စ ပသံသန္တော ဧဝမာဟ.

`Yatra hi nāmāti` means: whoever. `Kiñcāpāhanti` means: although it is known, “I am old.” With this intention, “Even if I am old, being old, I will be able to practice the duty of a recluse; Venerable Sir, let the Blessed One teach me,” not dwelling on his state of being old and praising the instruction, he spoke thus.

အဒိဋ္ဌာ အဒိဋ္ဌပုဗ္ဗာတိ ဣမသ္မိံ အတ္တဘာဝေ အဒိဋ္ဌာ အတီတေပိ အဒိဋ္ဌပုဗ္ဗာ. န စ ပဿသီတိ ဧတရဟိပိ န ပဿသိ. န စ တေ ဟောတိ ပဿေယျန္တိ ဧဝံ သမန္နာဟာရောပိ တေ ယတ္ထ နတ္ထိ, အပိ နု တေ တတ္ထ ဆန္ဒာဒယော ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇေယျုန္တိ ပုစ္ဆတိ.

`Adiṭṭhā adiṭṭhapubbāti` means: unseen in this existence, and not seen before in the past. `Na ca passasīti` means: even now you do not see. `Na ca te hoti passeyyanti` means: where even such a mental advertence is not present for you, could desire and so on arise for you there? Thus He asks.

ဒိဋ္ဌေ ဒိဋ္ဌမတ္တန္တိ ရူပါယတနေ စက္ခုဝိညာဏေန ဒိဋ္ဌေ ဒိဋ္ဌမတ္တံ ဘဝိဿတိ. စက္ခုဝိညာဏဉှိ ရူပေ ရူပမတ္တမေဝ ပဿတိ, န နိစ္စာဒိသဘာဝံ, ဣတိ သေသဝိညာဏေဟိပိ မေ ဧတ္ထ ဒိဋ္ဌမတ္တမေဝ စိတ္တံ ဘဝိဿတီတိ အတ္ထော. အထ ဝါ [Pg.29] ဒိဋ္ဌေ ဒိဋ္ဌံ နာမ စက္ခုဝိညာဏံ, ရူပေ ရူပဝိဇာနနန္တိ အတ္ထော. မတ္တာတိ ပမာဏံ, ဒိဋ္ဌံ မတ္တာ အဿာတိ ဒိဋ္ဌမတ္တံ, စိတ္တံ, စက္ခုဝိညာဏမတ္တမေဝ မေ စိတ္တံ ဘဝိဿတီတိ အတ္ထော. ဣဒံ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ – ယထာ အာပါထဂတရူပေ စက္ခုဝိညာဏံ န ရဇ္ဇတိ န ဒုဿတိ န မုယှတိ, ဧဝံ ရာဂါဒိဝိရဟေန စက္ခုဝိညာဏမတ္တမေဝ ဇဝနံ ဘဝိဿတိ, စက္ခုဝိညာဏပမာဏေနေဝ ဇဝနံ ဌပေဿာမီတိ. အထ ဝါ ဒိဋ္ဌံ နာမ စက္ခုဝိညာဏေန ဒိဋ္ဌရူပံ, ဒိဋ္ဌေ ဒိဋ္ဌမတ္တံ နာမ တတ္ထေဝ ဥပ္ပန္နံ သမ္ပဋိစ္ဆနသန္တီရဏဝေါဋ္ဌဗ္ဗနသင်္ခါတံ စိတ္တတ္တယံ. ယထာ တံ န ရဇ္ဇတိ, န ဒုဿတိ, န မုယှတိ, ဧဝံ အာပါထဂတေ ရူပေ တေနေဝ သမ္ပဋိစ္ဆနာဒိပ္ပမာဏေန ဇဝနံ ဥပ္ပာဒေဿာမိ, နာဟံ တံ ပမာဏံ အတိက္ကမိတွာ ရဇ္ဇနာဒိဝသေန ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇိတုံ ဒဿာမီတိ အယမေတ္ထ အတ္ထော. ဧသေဝ နယော သုတမုတေသု.

`Diṭṭhe diṭṭhamattanti` means: in the seen, there will be only the seen. When a form-object is seen by eye-consciousness, there will be just the seen. For eye-consciousness sees only the mere form in a form-object, not its nature as permanent, etc. The meaning is: thus, even with the remaining consciousnesses, my mind regarding this will be one of mere seeing. Or alternatively: in the seen, the ‘seeing’ is eye-consciousness; the meaning is the knowing of form in a form-object. `Mattāti` means measure. `Diṭṭhamattaṃ` means that for which the seeing is the measure, referring to the mind. The meaning is: my mind will be one of mere eye-consciousness. This is what is meant: just as eye-consciousness, with regard to a form that has come into range, is not impassioned, is not averse, and is not deluded, so too, being free from passion and so on, the impulsion will be one of mere eye-consciousness; I will establish the impulsion only within the measure of eye-consciousness. Or alternatively: the ‘seen’ is the form seen by eye-consciousness. `Diṭṭhe diṭṭhamattaṃ` is the triad of mind-moments called receiving, investigating, and determining, which arises right there. Just as that triad is not impassioned, is not averse, and is not deluded, so too, with regard to a form that has come into range, I will cause the impulsion to arise with that same measure of receiving and so on. I will not, having transgressed that measure, allow it to arise through the power of passion and so on. This is the meaning here. This same method applies to the heard and the sensed.

ဝိညာတေ ဝိညာတမတ္တန္တိ ဧတ္ထ ပန ဝိညာတံ နာမ မနောဒွါရာဝဇ္ဇနေန ဝိညာတာရမ္မဏံ, တသ္မိံ ဝိညာတေ ဝိညာတမတ္တန္တိ အာဝဇ္ဇနပမာဏံ. ယထာ အာဝဇ္ဇနေန န ရဇ္ဇတိ န ဒုဿတိ န မုယှတိ, ဧဝံ ရဇ္ဇနာဒိဝသေန ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇိတုံ အဒတွာ အာဝဇ္ဇနပမာဏေနေဝ စိတ္တံ ဌပေဿာမီတိ အယမေတ္ထ အတ္ထော.

In `viññāte viññātamattanti`, the ‘cognized’ is the object cognized by mind-door adverting. In that cognized, `viññātamattanti` means the measure of the adverting. The meaning here is: just as by adverting one is not impassioned, is not averse, and is not deluded, so too, not allowing it to arise through the power of passion and so on, I will establish the mind only within the measure of adverting.

ယတောတိ ယဒါ. တတောတိ တဒါ. န တေနာတိ တေန ရာဂေန ဝါ ရတ္တော, ဒေါသေန ဝါ ဒုဋ္ဌော, မောဟေန ဝါ မူဠှော န ဘဝိဿတိ. တတော တွံ မာလုကျပုတ္တ န တတ္ထာတိ ယဒါ တွံ တေန ရာဂေန ဝါ ဒေါသမောဟေဟိ ဝါ ရတ္တော ဝါ ဒုဋ္ဌော ဝါ မူဠှော ဝါ န ဘဝိဿသိ, တဒါ တွံ န တတ္ထ တသ္မိံ ဒိဋ္ဌေ ဝါ သုတမုတဝိညာတေ ဝါ ပဋိဗဒ္ဓေါ အလ္လီနော ပတိဋ္ဌိတော နာမ ဘဝိဿသိ. နေဝိဓာတိအာဒိ ဝုတ္တတ္ထမေဝ.

`Yatoti` means: when. `Tatoti` means: then. `Na tenāti` means: you will not be impassioned by that passion, corrupted by that aversion, or deluded by that delusion. `Tato tvaṃ mālukyaputta na tatthāti` means: when you are not impassioned by that passion, or corrupted and deluded by that aversion and delusion, then you will not be bound to, clinging to, or established in that seen, heard, sensed, or cognized object. The passage beginning `Nevidhāti` has the meaning already explained.

သတိ မုဋ္ဌာတိ သတိ နဋ္ဌာ. တဉ္စ အဇ္ဈောသာတိ တံ အာရမ္မဏံ ဂိလိတွာ. အဘိဇ္ဈာ စ ဝိဟေသာ စာတိ အဘိဇ္ဈာယ စ ဝိဟိံသာယ စ. အထ ဝါ ‘‘တဿ ဝဍ္ဎန္တီ’’တိ ပဒေနာပိ သဒ္ဓိံ ယောဇေတဗ္ဗံ, အဘိဇ္ဈာ စ ဝိဟေသာ စာတိ ဣမေပိ ဒွေ ဓမ္မာ တဿ ဝဍ္ဎန္တီတိ အတ္ထော.

`Sati muṭṭhā` means: mindfulness is lost. `Tañca ajjhosāya` means: having swallowed that object. `Abhijjhā ca vihesā ca` means by covetousness and by vexation. Or alternatively, it should be connected with the words `tassa vaḍḍhanti`; the meaning is: these two states, covetousness and vexation, also increase for him.

စိတ္တမဿူပဟညတီတိ အဘိဇ္ဈာဝိဟေသာဟိ အဿ စိတ္တံ ဥပဟညတိ. အာစိနတောတိ အာစိနန္တဿ. အာရာ နိဗ္ဗာန ဝုစ္စတီတိ ဧဝရူပဿ ပုဂ္ဂလဿ နိဗ္ဗာနံ နာမ ဒူရေ ပဝုစ္စတိ. ဃတွာတိ ဃာယိတွာ. ဘောတွာတိ ဘုတွာ သာယိတွာ [Pg.30] လေဟိတွာ. ဖုဿာတိ ဖုသိတွာ. ပဋိဿတောတိ ပဋိဿတိသင်္ခါတာယ သတိယာ ယုတ္တော. သေဝတော စာပိ ဝေဒနန္တိ စတုမဂ္ဂသမ္ပယုတ္တံ နိဗ္ဗတ္တိတလောကုတ္တရဝေဒနံ သေဝန္တဿ. ခီယတီတိ ခယံ ဂစ္ဆတိ. ကိံ တံ? ဒုက္ခမ္ပိ ကိလေသဇာတမ္ပိ. အညတရောတိ အသီတိယာ မဟာသာဝကာနံ အဗ္ဘန္တရော ဧကော. ဣတိ ဣမသ္မိံ သုတ္တေ ဂါထာဟိပိ ဝဋ္ဋဝိဝဋ္ဋမေဝ ကထိတံ.

`Cittamassūpahaññati` means: his mind is afflicted by covetousness and vexation. `Ācinato` means: for one who is accumulating. `Ārā nibbānaṃ vuccati` means: for a person of such a nature, Nibbāna is said to be far. `Ghatvā` means: having smelled. `Bhotvā` means: having eaten, having tasted, having licked. `Phussa` means: having touched. `Paṭissato` means: endowed with the mindfulness called recollection. `Sevato cāpi vedanaṃ` means: for one who attends to the supramundane feeling associated with the four paths, which has been brought forth. `Khīyati` means: it goes to destruction. What is that? Both suffering and the host of defilements. `Aññataro` means: one included among the eighty great disciples. Thus, in this discourse, even in the verses, only the round of existence and its cessation are taught.

၃. ပရိဟာနဓမ္မသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

3. Commentary on the Discourse on the State of Decline

၉၆. တတိယေ ပရိဟာနဓမ္မန္တိ ပရိဟာနသဘာဝံ. အဘိဘာယတနာနီတိ အဘိဘဝိတာနိ အာယတနာနိ. သရသင်္ကပ္ပာတိ ဧတ္ထ သရန္တီတိ သရာ, ဓာဝန္တီတိ အတ္ထော. သရာ စ တေ သင်္ကပ္ပာ စ သရသင်္ကပ္ပာ. သံယောဇနိယာတိ ဗန္ဓနိယာ ဗန္ဓနဿ ပစ္စယဘူတာ. တဉ္စေ ဘိက္ခူတိ တံ ဧဝံ ဥပ္ပန္နံ ကိလေသဇာတံ, တံ ဝါ အာရမ္မဏံ. အဓိဝါသေတီတိ စိတ္တေ အာရောပေတွာ ဝါသေတိ. နပ္ပဇဟတီတိ ဆန္ဒရာဂပ္ပဟာနေန န ပဇဟတိ. ဧဝံ သဗ္ဗပဒေဟိ ယောဇေတဗ္ဗံ. အဘိဘာယတနဉှေတံ ဝုတ္တံ ဘဂဝတာတိ ဧတံ ဗုဒ္ဓေန ဘဂဝတာ အဘိဘဝိတံ အာယတနန္တိ ကထိတံ. ဣဓ ဓမ္မံ ပုစ္ဆိတွာ ဝိဘဇန္တေန ပုဂ္ဂလေန ဓမ္မော ဒဿိတော.

96. In the third discourse, `parihānadhamma` means a state of decline. `Abhibhāyatanāni` means the spheres that are overwhelmed. Regarding `sarasaṅkappā`: here, because they run (`saranti`), they are `sarā`; the meaning is that they rush about. They are both `sarā` and `saṅkappā`, thus they are `sarasaṅkappā`. `Saṃyojaniyā` means things to be bound, which are a condition for bondage. `Tañce bhikkhu` refers to that group of defilements thus arisen, or to that object. `Adhivāseti` means he lets it dwell, having placed it in the mind. `Nappajahati` means he does not abandon it by abandoning desire and lust. In this way, it should be connected with all the terms. `Abhibhāyatanañhetaṃ vuttaṃ bhagavatā` means: this was taught by the Buddha, the Blessed One, as a sphere that is overwhelmed. Here, having been asked about the Dhamma, the one analyzing it has shown the Dhamma by way of a person.

၄. ပမာဒဝိဟာရီသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

4. Commentary on the Discourse on One Who Dwells in Heedlessness

၉၇. စတုတ္ထေ အသံဝုတဿာတိ အပိဟိတဿ န ပိဒဟိတွာ သဉ္ဆာဒိတွာ ဌပိတဿ. ဗျာသိဉ္စတီတိ ဝိအာသိဉ္စတိ, ကိလေသတိန္တံ ဟုတွာ ဝတ္တတိ. ပါမောဇ္ဇန္တိ ဒုဗ္ဗလပီတိ. ပီတီတိ ဗလဝပီတိ. ပဿဒ္ဓီတိ ဒရထပဿဒ္ဓိ. ဓမ္မာ န ပါတုဘဝန္တီတိ သမထဝိပဿနာဓမ္မာ န ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇန္တိ. ဣမသ္မိံ သုတ္တေ ပုဂ္ဂလံ ပုစ္ဆိတွာ ဝိဘဇန္တေန ဓမ္မေန ပုဂ္ဂလော ဒဿိတော.

97. In the fourth discourse, `asaṃvutassa` means of one who is uncovered, not having been closed, not having been covered, having been left open. `Byāsiñcati` means it thoroughly drenches; it exists, having become the moisture of defilements. `Pāmojja` means weak rapture. `Pīti` means strong rapture. `Passaddhi` means the tranquility of distress. `Dhammā na pātubhavanti` means the dhammas of serenity and insight do not arise. In this discourse, having been asked about the person, the one analyzing has shown the person by way of the Dhamma.

၅. သံဝရသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

5. Commentary on the Discourse on Restraint

၉၈. ပဉ္စမေ ကထဉ္စ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, အသံဝရောတိ ဣဒံ မဂ္ဂကုသလဿ ဝါမံ မုဉ္စိတွာ ဒက္ခိဏံ ဂဏှေယျာသီတိ ပဌမံ ပဟာတဗ္ဗမဂ္ဂက္ခာနံ ဝိယ ဥဒ္ဒေသက္ကမေန အဝတွာ ဒေသနာကုသလတာယ ပဌမံ ပဟာတဗ္ဗဓမ္မက္ခာနဝသေန ဝုတ္တန္တိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ. ဣဓ ဓမ္မံ ပုစ္ဆိတွာ ဓမ္မောဝ ဝိဘတ္တော.

98. In the fifth discourse, this statement, 'And how, monks, is there lack of restraint?' should be understood as not having been spoken in the order of a summary—like an explanation for one skilled in the path of the way to be abandoned first, saying, 'Having abandoned the left, you should take the right'—but rather, due to skill in teaching, it was spoken by way of explaining first the Dhamma to be abandoned. Here, having been asked about the Dhamma, the Dhamma itself was analyzed.

၆. သမာဓိသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

6. Commentary on the Discourse on Concentration

၉၉. ဆဋ္ဌေ [Pg.31] သမာဓိန္တိ စိတ္တေကဂ္ဂတံ. ဣဒဉှိ သုတ္တံ စိတ္တေကဂ္ဂတာယ ပရိဟာယမာနေ ဒိသွာ, ‘‘ဣမေသံ စိတ္တေကဂ္ဂတံ လဘန္တာနံ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ ဖာတိံ ဂမိဿတီ’’တိ ဉတွာ ကထိတံ.

99. In the sixth discourse, `samādhi` means one-pointedness of mind. Indeed, this discourse was taught after seeing monks declining from one-pointedness of mind and knowing, 'For these who are attaining one-pointedness of mind, their meditation subject will prosper.'

၇. ပဋိသလ္လာနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

7. Commentary on the Discourse on Seclusion

၁၀၀. သတ္တမေ ပဋိသလ္လာနန္တိ ကာယဝိဝေကံ. ဣဒဉှိ သုတ္တံ ကာယဝိဝေကေန ပရိဟာယမာနေ ဒိသွာ, ‘‘ဣမေသံ ကာယဝိဝေကံ လဘန္တာနံ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ ဖာတိံ ဂမိဿတီ’’တိ ဉတွာ ကထိတံ.

100. In the seventh discourse, `paṭisallāna` means bodily seclusion. Indeed, this discourse was taught after seeing monks declining in bodily seclusion and knowing, 'For these who are attaining bodily seclusion, their meditation subject will prosper.'

၈-၉. ပဌမနတုမှာကံသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

8-9. Commentary on the First 'Not Yours' Discourse and Others

၁၀၁-၁၀၂. အဋ္ဌမံ ဥပမာယ ပရိဝါရေတွာ ကထိတေ ဗုဇ္ဈနကာနံ, နဝမံ သုဒ္ဓိကဝသေနေဝ ဗုဇ္ဈနကာနံ အဇ္ဈာသယဝသေန ဝုတ္တံ. အတ္ထော ပန ဥဘယတ္ထာပိ ခန္ဓိယဝဂ္ဂေ ဝုတ္တနယေနေဝ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော.

The eighth discourse, when taught surrounded by simile, was spoken according to the inclination of those who are to understand; the ninth was spoken purely, according to the inclination of those who are to understand. The meaning in both cases, however, should be understood only in the way explained in the Khandhiyavagga.

၁၀. ဥဒကသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

10. Commentary on the Udaka Discourse

၁၀၃. ဒသမေ ဥဒကော သုဒန္တိ ဧတ္ထ သုဒန္တိ နိပါတမတ္တံ. ဥဒကောတိ တဿ နာမံ. ဣဒံ ဇာတု ဝေဒဂူတိ ဧတ္ထ ဣဒန္တိ နိပါတမတ္တံ. အထ ဝါ ဣဒံ မမ ဝစနံ သုဏာထာတိ ဒီပေန္တော ဧဝမာဟ. ဇာတု ဝေဒဂူတိ အဟံ ဧကံသေနေဝ ဝေဒဂူ, ဝေဒသင်္ခါတေန ဉာဏေန နေယျေသု ဂတော, ဝေဒံ ဝါ ဂတော အဓိဂတော, ပဏ္ဍိတောဟမသ္မီတိ အတ္ထော. သဗ္ဗဇီတိ ဧကံသေန သဗ္ဗဝဋ္ဋံ ဇိနိတွာ အဘိဘဝိတွာ ဌိတောသ္မီတိ ဝဒတိ. အပလိခတံ ဂဏ္ဍမူလန္တိ အပလိခတံ ဒုက္ခမူလံ. ပလိခဏိန္တိ ပလိခတံ မယာ, ခနိတွာ ဌိတောသ္မီတိ ဒီပေတိ.

103. In the tenth discourse, regarding `udako sudaṃ`, here `sudaṃ` is merely a particle. `Udako` is his name. Regarding `idaṃ jātu vedagū`, here `idaṃ` is merely a particle. Alternatively, explaining thus, 'Listen to this word of mine!', he spoke in this way. `Jātu vedagū` means: 'I am certainly a `vedagū`, one who has gone to the knowable through the knowledge called `veda`, or one who has gone to and attained `veda`; I am wise.' This is the meaning. `Sabbajī`: he says, 'I stand, having certainly conquered and overcome the entire round of existence.' `Apalikhataṃ gaṇḍamūlaṃ` means the unexcavated root of suffering. `Palikhaṇiṃ`: he shows, 'It has been dug up by me; I stand, having dug it up.'

မာတာပေတ္တိကသမ္ဘဝဿာတိ မာတိတော စ ပိတိတော စ နိဗ္ဗတ္တေန မာတာပေတ္တိကေန သုက္ကသောဏိတေန သမ္ဘူတဿ. ဩဒနကုမ္မာသူပစယဿာတိ ဩဒနေန စေဝ ကုမ္မာသေန စ ဥပစိတဿ ဝဍ္ဎိတဿ. အနိစ္စုစ္ဆာဒနပရိမဒ္ဒနဘေဒနဝိဒ္ဓံသနဓမ္မဿာတိ ဧတ္ထ အယံ ကာယော ဟုတွာ အဘာဝဋ္ဌေန အနိစ္စဓမ္မော, ဒုဂ္ဂန္ဓဝိဃာတတ္ထာယ တနုဝိလေပနေန ဥစ္ဆာဒနဓမ္မော, အင်္ဂပစ္စင်္ဂါဗာဓဝိနောဒနတ္ထာယ ခုဒ္ဒကသမ္ဗာဟနေန ပရိမဒ္ဒနဓမ္မော, ဒဟရကာလေ [Pg.32] ဝါ ဦရူသု သယာပေတွာ ဂဗ္ဘဝါသေန ဒုဿဏ္ဌိတာနံ တေသံ တေသံ အင်္ဂါနံ သဏ္ဌာနသမ္ပာဒနတ္ထံ အဉ္ဆနပီဠနာဒီနံ ဝသေန ပရိမဒ္ဒနဓမ္မော, ဧဝံ ပရိဟရိတောပိ စ ဘေဒနဝိဒ္ဓံသနဓမ္မော ဘိဇ္ဇတိ စေဝ ဝိကိရတိ စ, ဧဝံ သဘာဝေါတိ အတ္ထော.

`Mātāpettikasambhava` means born from mother and father, produced from the semen and blood of both parents. `Odanakummāsūpacaya` means grown and increased by rice and gruel. `Aniccucchādanaparimaddanabhedanaviddhaṃsanadhamma`—here, this body is of an impermanent nature by reason of ceasing to be after having come into being; it is of a nature to be anointed with fine ointments to counteract its foul smell; it is of a nature to be massaged with gentle rubbing to relieve pains in its limbs, or, in infancy, to be massaged by laying it on the thighs and by means of pulling, pressing, and so on, to properly shape those various limbs that had become malformed from dwelling in the womb; and even when cared for in this way, it is of a nature to break up and be destroyed—that is, it breaks up and scatters. Such is its nature—this is the meaning.

တတ္ထ မာတာပေတ္တိကသမ္ဘဝဩဒနကုမ္မာသူပစယပရိမဒ္ဒနပဒေဟိ ဝဍ္ဎိ ကထိတာ, အနိစ္စဘေဒနဝိဒ္ဓံသနပဒေဟိ ပရိဟာနိ. ပုရိမေဟိ ဝါ တီဟိ သမုဒယော, ပစ္ဆိမေဟိ အတ္ထင်္ဂမောတိ. ဧဝံ စာတုမဟာဘူတိကဿ ကာယဿ ဝဍ္ဎိပရိဟာနိနိဗ္ဗတ္တိဘေဒါ ဒဿိတာ. သေသံ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထမေဝါတိ.

Here, by the terms `mātāpettikasambhava`, `odanakummāsūpacaya`, and `parimaddana`, growth is taught; by the terms `anicca`, `bhedana`, and `viddhaṃsana`, decline is taught. Alternatively, by the former three terms, arising is taught; by the latter, passing away. In this way, the growth, decline, arising, and perishing of the body composed of the four great elements are shown. The rest has an obvious meaning.

သဠဝဂ္ဂေါ ဒသမော.

The Chapter of Six is the tenth.

ဒုတိယော ပဏ္ဏာသကော.

The Second Fifty.

၁၁. ယောဂက္ခေမိဝဂ္ဂေါ

11. The Chapter on Security from Bondage

၁. ယောဂက္ခေမိသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

1. Explanation of the Discourse on Security from Bondage

၁၀၄. ယောဂက္ခေမိဝဂ္ဂဿ ပဌမေ ယောဂက္ခေမိပရိယာယန္တိ စတူဟိ ယောဂေဟိ ခေမိနော ကာရဏဘူတံ. ဓမ္မပရိယာယန္တိ ဓမ္မကာရဏံ. အက္ခာသိ ယောဂန္တိ ယုတ္တိံ ကထေသိ. တသ္မာတိ ကသ္မာ? ကိံ အက္ခာတတ္တာ, ဥဒါဟု ပဟီနတ္တာတိ? ပဟီနတ္တာ. န ဟိ အက္ခာနေန ယောဂက္ခေမိ နာမ ဟောတိ.

104. In the first discourse of the Chapter on Security from Bondage, 'the exposition on security from bondage' means that which is the cause of security from the four bonds. 'The exposition of the Dhamma' means the cause for knowing the Dhamma. 'He taught the method' means he taught the suitable means. 'Therefore'—why does one become one named 'secure from bondage'? Is it because it was taught, or is it because it was abandoned? It is because it was abandoned. For one does not become 'secure from bondage' merely by means of teaching.

၂-၁၀. ဥပါဒါယသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

2-10. Commentary on the Upādāya Sutta and Others

၁၀၅-၁၁၃. ဒုတိယေ ဝေဒနာသုခဒုက္ခံ ကထိတံ, တံ ပန ဝိပါကသုခဒုက္ခံ ဝဋ္ဋတိ. တတိယေ ဒုက္ခဿာတိ ဝဋ္ဋဒုက္ခဿ. စတုတ္ထေ လောကဿာတိ သင်္ခါရလောကဿ. ပဉ္စမာဒီသု ယံ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗံ သိယာ, တံ ခန္ဓိယဝဂ္ဂေ ဝုတ္တနယမေဝ.

In the second discourse, the pleasure and pain that is feeling is discussed; that, however, is properly the pleasure and pain that is resultant. In the third, 'of suffering' means of the suffering of the round. In the fourth, 'of the world' means of the world of formations. In the fifth and subsequent discourses, whatever should be said, that has the very same method as stated in the Khandhiyavagga.

ယောဂက္ခေမိဝဂ္ဂေါ ဧကာဒသမော.

The Chapter on Security from Bondage is the eleventh.

၁၂. လောကကာမဂုဏဝဂ္ဂေါ

12. The Chapter on Worldly Sense Pleasures

၁-၂. ပဌမမာရပါသသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

1-2. Commentary on the First Mārapāsa Sutta and Others

၁၁၄-၁၁၅. လောကကာမဂုဏဝဂ္ဂဿ [Pg.33] ပဌမေ အာဝါသဂတောတိ ဝသနဋ္ဌာနံ ဂတော. မာရဿ ဝသံ ဂတောတိ တိဝိဓဿာပိ မာရဿ ဝသံ ဂတော. ပဋိမုက္က’ဿ မာရပါသောတိ အဿ ဂီဝါယ မာရပါသော ပဋိမုက္ကော ပဝေသိတော. ဒုတိယံ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

In the first discourse of the Chapter on Worldly Sense Pleasures, 'gone to the abode' means gone to the abode of Māra. 'Fallen under Māra’s control' means fallen under the control of the threefold Māra. 'The snare of Māra is fastened to him' means the snare of Māra is fastened on his neck, is inserted. The second discourse is self-evident.

၃. လောကန္တဂမနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

3. Commentary on the Lokantagamana Sutta

၁၁၆. တတိယေ လောကဿာတိ စက္ကဝါဠလောကဿ. လောကဿ အန္တန္တိ သင်္ခါရလောကဿ အန္တံ. ဝိဟာရံ ပါဝိသီတိ ‘‘မယိ ဝိဟာရံ ပဝိဋ္ဌေ ဣမေ ဘိက္ခူ, ဣမံ ဥဒ္ဒေသံ အာနန္ဒံ ပုစ္ဆိဿန္တိ, သော စ တေသံ မမ သဗ္ဗညုတညာဏေန သံသန္ဒိတွာ ကထေဿတိ. တတော နံ ထောမေဿာမိ, မမ ထောမနံ သုတွာ ဘိက္ခူ အာနန္ဒံ ဥပသင်္ကမိတဗ္ဗံ, ဝစနဉ္စဿ သောတဗ္ဗံ သဒ္ဓါတဗ္ဗံ မညိဿန္တိ, တံ နေသံ ဘဝိဿတိ ဒီဃရတ္တံ ဟိတာယ သုခါယာ’’တိ စိန္တေတွာ သံခိတ္တေန ဘာသိတဿ ဝိတ္ထာရေန အတ္ထံ အဝိဘဇိတွာဝ နိသိန္နာသနေ အန္တရဟိတော ဂန္ဓကုဋိယံ ပါတုရဟောသိ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘ဥဋ္ဌာယာသနာ ဝိဟာရံ ပါဝိသီ’’တိ.

116. In the third discourse, 'of the world' means of the world-system. 'The end of the world' means the end of the world of formations. 'He entered the dwelling' means: thinking, 'When I have entered the dwelling, these monks will ask Ānanda about this summary, and he will explain it to them after comparing it with my omniscient knowledge. Then I will praise him. Having heard my praise, the monks will consider Ānanda as one who should be approached, his words as what should be listened to, and as what should be trusted. That will be for their welfare and happiness for a long time,' without having analyzed in detail the meaning of what was spoken in brief, he disappeared from the seat where he was sitting and reappeared in the perfumed chamber. Therefore it was said, 'Rising from his seat, he entered the dwelling.'

သတ္ထု စေဝ သံဝဏ္ဏိတောတိ သတ္ထာရာ စ ပသတ္ထော. ဝိညူနန္တိ ဣဒမ္ပိ ကရဏတ္ထေ သာမိဝစနံ, ပဏ္ဍိတေဟိ သဗြဟ္မစာရီဟိ စ သမ္ဘာဝိတောတိ အတ္ထော. ပဟောတီတိ သက္ကောတိ. အတိက္ကမ္မေဝ မူလံ အတိက္ကမ္မေဝ ခန္ဓန္တိ သာရော နာမ မူလေ ဝါ ခန္ဓေ ဝါ ဘဝေယျ, တမ္ပိ အတိက္ကမိတွာတိ အတ္ထော. ဧဝံသမ္ပဒမိဒန္တိ ဧဝံသမ္ပတ္တိကံ, ဤဒိသန္တိ အတ္ထော. အတိသိတွာတိ အတိက္ကမိတွာ. ဇာနံ ဇာနာတီတိ ဇာနိတဗ္ဗမေဝ ဇာနာတိ. ပဿံ ပဿတီတိ ပဿိတဗ္ဗမေဝ ပဿတိ. ယထာ ဝါ ဧကစ္စော ဝိပရီတံ ဂဏှန္တော ဇာနန္တောပိ န ဇာနာတိ, ပဿန္တောပိ န ပဿတိ, န ဧဝံ ဘဂဝါ. ဘဂဝါ ပန ဇာနန္တော ဇာနာတိ, ပဿန္တော ပဿတိယေဝ. သွာယံ ဒဿနပရိဏာယကဋ္ဌေန စက္ခုဘူတော. ဝိဒိတကရဏဋ္ဌေန ဉာဏဘူတော. အဝိပရီတသဘာဝဋ္ဌေန ပရိယတ္တိဓမ္မပဝတ္တနတော ဝါ ဟဒယေန စိန္တေတွာ ဝါစာယ နိစ္ဆာရိတဓမ္မမယောတိ ဓမ္မဘူတော. သေဋ္ဌဋ္ဌေန ဗြဟ္မဘူတော. အထ ဝါ စက္ခု ဝိယ ဘူတောတိ စက္ခုဘူတော. ဧဝမေတေသု ပဒေသု အတ္ထော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. သွာယံ ဓမ္မဿ [Pg.34] ဝတ္တနတော ဝတ္တာ. ပဝတ္တနတော ပဝတ္တာ. အတ္ထံ နီဟရိတွာ နီဟရိတွာ ဒဿနသမတ္ထတာယ အတ္ထဿ နိန္နေတာ. အမတာဓိဂမာယ ပဋိပတ္တိံ ဒေသေတီတိ အမတဿ ဒါတာ.

'Praised by the Teacher' means praised by the Teacher. 'By the wise' is a genitive in the sense of the instrumental; the meaning is: esteemed by wise fellow practitioners. 'Is capable' means is able. 'Having gone beyond the root, having gone beyond the trunk' means: essence may be found in the root or the trunk, but he has gone beyond even that. 'Such is this attainment' means endowed with such a state, of such a kind. 'Having transcended' means having gone beyond. 'Knowing, he knows' means he knows only what should be known. 'Seeing, he sees' means he sees only what should be seen. Or, it is not that the Blessed One is like some who, grasping pervertedly, do not know even when knowing, and do not see even when seeing. Rather, the Blessed One, knowing, truly knows; seeing, he truly sees. He is the Eye (cakkhubhūto) because he is the guide to vision. He is Knowledge (ñāṇabhūto) because he is the one who makes things known. He is Dhamma (dhammabhūto) because of his unperverted nature, or because he sets the scriptural Dhamma in motion, or because he is made of the Dhamma uttered by his speech after reflecting with his heart. He is Brahmā (brahmabhūto) because he is the best. Alternatively, he is the Eye (cakkhubhūto) because he has become like an eye. Thus the meaning of these terms should be understood. He is the Speaker (vattā) because he speaks the Dhamma. He is the Proclaimer (pavattā) because he sets it in motion. He is the Guide to the meaning (atthassa ninnetā) because of his ability to bring forth the meaning and show it. He is the Giver of the Deathless (amatassa dātā) because he teaches the practice for the attainment of the Deathless.

အဂရုံ ကရိတွာတိ ပုနပ္ပုနံ ယာစာပေန္တောပိ ဟိ ဂရုံ ကရောတိ နာမ. အတ္တနော သေက္ခပဋိသမ္ဘိဒါဉာဏေ ဌတွာ သိနေရုပါဒတော ဝါလိကံ ဥဒ္ဓရမာနော ဝိယ ဒုဗ္ဗိညေယျံ ကတွာ ကထေန္တောပိ ဂရုံ ကရောတိယေဝ နာမ. ဧဝံ အကတွာ အမှေ ပုနပ္ပုနံ အယာစာပေတွာ သုဝိညေယျမ္ပိ နော ကတွာ ကထေဟီတိ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ.

'Without making it burdensome' means: for one who makes others request again and again is indeed making it burdensome. One who, established in one's own knowledge of the analytical insights of a trainee, teaches after making it difficult to understand—like one trying to lift a measure of gold dust from the foot of Mount Sineru—also indeed makes it burdensome. Thus, it is said: 'Without doing so, without making us request again and again, but having made it easy for us to understand, please teach.'

ယံ ခေါ ဝေါတိ ယံ ခေါ တုမှာကံ. စက္ခုနာ ခေါ, အာဝုသော, လောကသ္မိံ လောကသညီ ဟောတိ လောကမာနီတိ စက္ခုဉှိ လောကေ အပ္ပဟီနဒိဋ္ဌိ ပုထုဇ္ဇနော သတ္တလောကဝသေန လောကောတိ သဉ္ဇာနာတိ စေဝ မညတိ စ, တထာ စက္ကဝါဠလောကဝသေန. န ဟိ အညတြ စက္ခာဒီဟိ ဒွါဒသာယတနေဟိ တဿ သာ သညာ ဝါ မာနော ဝါ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ, ‘‘စက္ခုနာ ခေါ, အာဝုသော, လောကသ္မိံ လောကသညီ ဟောတိ လောကမာနီ’’တိ. ဣမဿ စ လောကဿ ဂမနေန အန္တော နာမ ဉာတုံ ဝါ ဒဋ္ဌုံ ဝါ ပတ္တုံ ဝါ န သက္ကာ. လုဇ္ဇနဋ္ဌေန ပန တဿေဝ စက္ခာဒိဘေဒဿ လောကဿ နိဗ္ဗာနသင်္ခါတံ အန္တံ အပ္ပတွာ ဝဋ္ဋဒုက္ခဿ အန္တကိရိယာ နာမ နတ္ထီတိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ.

'What is yours' means what is indeed yours. 'Friends, with the eye, in the world, one is a perceiver of the world, a conceiver of the world.' For an ordinary person whose wrong view is unabandoned perceives and conceives the eye as 'world' by way of the world of beings, and likewise by way of the world-system. For apart from the twelve sense bases beginning with the eye, that perception or conceit of his does not arise. Therefore it was said, 'Friends, with the eye, in the world, one is a perceiver of the world, a conceiver of the world.' And the end of this world cannot be known, seen, or reached by traveling. However, it should be understood that without reaching the end called Nibbāna of that very world—differentiated as the eye and so on, which has the nature of perishing—there is no making an end of the suffering of the round.

ဧဝံ ပဉှံ ဝိဿဇ္ဇေတွာ ဣဒါနိ ‘‘သာဝကေန ပဉှော ကထိတောတိ မာ နိက္ကင်္ခါ အဟုဝတ္ထ, အယံ ဘဂဝါ သဗ္ဗညုတညာဏတုလံ ဂဟေတွာ နိသိန္နော. ဣစ္ဆမာနာ တမေဝ ဥပသင်္ကမိတွာ နိက္ကင်္ခါ ဟောထာ’’တိ ဥယျောဇေန္တော အာကင်္ခမာနာ ပနာတိအာဒိမာဟ.

Having thus answered the question, he now urged them, saying, 'Do not be satisfied and free from doubt thinking, “The question has been answered by a disciple.” This Blessed One is seated, having taken up the scale of omniscient knowledge. If you wish, approach him and become free from doubt.' Thus urging them, he spoke the words beginning with 'ākaṅkhamānā pana...'

ဣမေဟိ အာကာရေဟီတိ ဣမေဟိ ကာရဏေဟိ စက္ကဝါဠလောကဿ အန္တာဘာဝကာရဏေဟိ စေဝ သင်္ခါရလောကဿ အန္တာပတ္တိကာရဏေဟိ စ. ဣမေဟိ ပဒေဟီတိ ဣမေဟိ အက္ခရသမ္ပိဏ္ဍနေဟိ. ဗျဉ္ဇနေဟီတိ ပါဋိယေက္ကအက္ခရေဟိ.

'By these modes' means by these reasons—both the reasons for the non-existence of an end to the world-system and the reasons for the attainment of the end of the world of formations. 'By these terms' means by these collections of letters. 'By these letters' means by the individual letters.

ပဏ္ဍိတောတိ ပဏ္ဍိစ္စေန သမန္နာဂတော. စတူဟိ ကာရဏေဟိ ပဏ္ဍိတော ဓာတုကုသလော အာယတနကုသလော ပစ္စယာကာရကုသလော ကာရဏာကာရဏကုသလောတိ. မဟာပညောတိ မဟန္တေ အတ္ထေ မဟန္တေ ဓမ္မေ မဟန္တာ [Pg.35] နိရုတ္တိယော မဟန္တာနိ ပဋိဘာနာနိ ပဋိဂ္ဂဏှနသမတ္ထတာယ မဟာပညာယ သမန္နာဂတော. ယထာ တံ အာနန္ဒေနာတိ ယထာ အာနန္ဒေန ဗျာကတံ, တံ သန္ဓာယ ဝုတ္တံ. ယထာ အာနန္ဒေန တံ ဗျာကတံ, အဟမ္ပိ တံ ဧဝမေဝ ဗျာကရေယျန္တိ အတ္ထော.

‘A wise one’ means endowed with wisdom. A wise one is so for four reasons: skilled in the elements, skilled in the sense bases, skilled in causal relations, and skilled in causes and non-causes. ‘One with great wisdom’ means endowed with great wisdom because of being capable of grasping great meanings, great doctrines, great expressions, and great insights. ‘As by Ānanda’—this is said with reference to how it was explained by Ānanda. ‘Just as Ānanda explained it, I too would explain it in just that way’—is the meaning.

၄. ကာမဂုဏသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

4. Commentary on the Discourse on Sensual Pleasures

၁၁၇. စတုတ္ထေ ယေ မေတိ ယေ မမ. စေတသော သမ္ဖုဋ္ဌပုဗ္ဗာတိ စိတ္တေန အနုဘူတပုဗ္ဗာ. တတြ မေ စိတ္တံ ဗဟုလံ ဂစ္ဆမာနံ ဂစ္ဆေယျာတိ တေသု ပါသာဒတ္တယတိဝိဓနာဋကာဒိဘေဒသမ္ပတ္တိဝသေန အနုဘူတပုဗ္ဗေသု ပဉ္စသု ကာမဂုဏေသု ဗဟူသု ဝါရေသု ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇမာနံ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇေယျာတိ ဒီပေတိ. ပစ္စုပ္ပန္နေသု ဝါတိ ဣဓ ပဓာနစရိယကာလေ ဆဗ္ဗဿာနိ သုပုပ္ဖိတဝနသဏ္ဍဇာတာနံ ဒိဇဂဏာဒီနံ ဝသေန ဒိဋ္ဌသုတာဒိဘေဒံ မနောရမာရမ္မဏံ ကာမဂုဏံ ကတွာ ဒဿေန္တော ‘‘ဧဝရူပေသု ပစ္စုပ္ပန္နေသု ဝါ ဗဟုလံ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇေယျာ’’တိ ဒဿေတိ. အပ္ပံ ဝါ အနာဂတေသူတိ အနာဂတေ ‘‘မေတ္တေယျော နာမ ဗုဒ္ဓေါ ဘဝိဿတိ, သင်္ခေါ နာမ ရာဇာ, ကေတုမတီ နာမ ရာဇဓာနီ’’တိအာဒိဝသေန (ဒီ. နိ. ၃.၁၀၆) ပရိတ္တကမေဝ အနာဂတေသု ကာမဂုဏေသု ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇေယျာတိ ဒဿေတိ. တတြ မေ အတ္တရူပေနာတိ တတြ မယာ အတ္တနော ဟိတကာမဇာတိကေန. အပ္ပမာဒေါတိ သာတစ္စကိရိယာ ပဉ္စသု ကာမဂုဏေသု စိတ္တဿ အဝေါဿဂ္ဂေါ. သတီတိ အာရမ္မဏပရိဂ္ဂဟိတသတိ. အာရက္ခောတိ အယံ အပ္ပမာဒေါ စ သတိ စ စေတသော အာရက္ခော ကရဏီယော, ဧဝံ မေ အဟောသီတိ ဒဿေတိ, အာရက္ခတ္ထာယ ဣမေ ဒွေ ဓမ္မာ ကာတဗ္ဗာတိ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ.

117. In the fourth sutta, ‘those of mine’ (ye me) means ‘those of mine’ (ye mama). ‘Previously touched by the mind’ (cetaso samphuṭṭhapubbā) means ‘previously experienced by the mind’ (cittena anubhūtapubbā). ‘There my mind would frequently go’ (tatra me cittaṃ bahulaṃ gacchamānaṃ gaccheyyā) indicates that it would arise repeatedly towards those five strands of sensual pleasure that had been previously experienced through various forms of prosperity, such as the three kinds of palaces, the three kinds of dancers, and the like. ‘Or in the present’ (paccuppannesu vā) means that here, during the time of striving, for six years, having made a delightful object of the senses—seen, heard, and so on—by way of flocks of birds and so on in fully blossomed forest groves, he shows, ‘In such present objects, it may frequently arise.’ ‘Or little in the future’ (appaṃ vā anāgatesū) indicates that in the future, when ‘Metteyya will be the Buddha, Saṅkha the king, Ketumatī the capital,’ and so on, the mind would arise only a little toward future strands of sensual pleasure. ‘There, by my own nature’ (tatra me attarūpena) means there, by me, who was by nature desirous of my own welfare. ‘Vigilance’ (appamādo) is continuous action and non-release of the mind towards the five strands of sensual pleasure. ‘Mindfulness’ (satī) is mindfulness that grasps the object. ‘Guardianship’ (ārakkho) means that this vigilance and mindfulness should be made a guard for the mind—thus, he shows, ‘This was how it was for me.’ It is said that these two states should be cultivated for the sake of guarding.

တသ္မာတိဟ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, သေ အာယတနေ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗေတိ ယသ္မာ စေတသော အာရက္ခတ္ထာယ အပ္ပမာဒေါ စ သတိ စ ကာတဗ္ဗာ, ယသ္မာ တသ္မိံ အာယတနေ ဝိဒိတေ အပ္ပမာဒေန ဝါ သတိယာ ဝါ ကာတဗ္ဗံ နတ္ထိ, တသ္မာ သေ အာယတနေ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗေ, တံ ကာရဏံ ဇာနိတဗ္ဗန္တိ အတ္ထော. သဠာယတနနိရောဓန္တိ သဠာယတနနိရောဓော ဝုစ္စတိ နိဗ္ဗာနံ, တံ သန္ဓာယ ဘာသိတန္တိ အတ္ထော. နိဗ္ဗာနသ္မိဉှိ စက္ခုအာဒီနိ စေဝ နိရုဇ္ဈန္တိ ရူပသညာဒယော စ နိရုဇ္ဈန္တီတိ. သေသံ ဝုတ္တနယမေဝ.

‘Therefore, bhikkhus, that sphere should be understood’ (tasmātiha, bhikkhave, se āyatane veditabbe) means that because vigilance and mindfulness should be cultivated for the sake of guarding the mind, and because when that sphere is known, there is nothing to be done with vigilance or mindfulness, therefore that sphere should be understood, and that reason should be known. ‘The cessation of the six sense bases’ (saḷāyatananirodhaṃ) means that the cessation of the six sense bases is called Nibbāna, and it is with reference to that that it was spoken. For in Nibbāna, the eye and so on cease, and perceptions of forms and so on cease. The rest is as has been said.

၅-၆. သက္ကပဉှသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

5-6. Commentary on the Discourse on Sakka's Questions, etc.

၁၁၈-၁၁၉. ပဉ္စမေ [Pg.36] ဒိဋ္ဌေဝ ဓမ္မေတိ ဣမသ္မိံယေဝ အတ္တဘာဝေ. ပရိနိဗ္ဗာယန္တီတိ ကိလေသပရိနိဗ္ဗာနေန ပရိနိဗ္ဗာယန္တိ. တန္နိဿိတံ ဝိညာဏံ ဟောတီတိ တဏှာနိဿိတံ ကမ္မဝိညာဏံ ဟောတိ. တဒုပါဒါနန္တိ တံဂဟဏံ, တဏှာဂဟဏေန သဟဂတံ ဝိညာဏံ ဟောတီတိ အတ္ထော. ဆဋ္ဌံ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

118-119. In the fifth [sutta], ‘in this very life’ (diṭṭheva dhamme) means in this very existence. ‘They attain final Nibbāna’ (parinibbāyanti) means they attain final Nibbāna through the quenching of defilements. ‘Consciousness is dependent on that’ (tannissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ hoti) means kamma-consciousness dependent on craving arises. ‘With that as fuel’ (tadupādānaṃ) means that grasping; the meaning is that consciousness arises accompanied by the grasping of craving. The sixth is clear.

၇. သာရိပုတ္တသဒ္ဓိဝိဟာရိကသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

7. Commentary on the Discourse on Sāriputta's Co-resident Monk

၁၂၀. သတ္တမေ သန္တာနေဿတီတိ ဃဋေဿတိ, ယောဂဝိစ္ဆေဒမဿ ပါပုဏိတုံ န ဒဿတိ.

120. In the seventh [sutta], ‘he will continue’ (santānessati) means he will connect; he will not allow its connection to be broken.

၈. ရာဟုလောဝါဒသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

8. Commentary on the Discourse on the Advice to Rāhula

၁၂၁. အဋ္ဌမေ ဝိမုတ္တိပရိပါစနိယာတိ ဝိမုတ္တိံ ပရိပါစေန္တီတိ ဝိမုတ္တိပရိပါစနိယာ. ဓမ္မာတိ ပန္နရသ ဓမ္မာ, တေ သဒ္ဓိန္ဒြိယာဒီနံ ဝိသုဒ္ဓိကရဏဝသေန ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ. ဝုတ္တဉှေတံ –

121. In the eighth [sutta], ‘ripening for liberation’ (vimuttiparipācaniyā) means they cause liberation to ripen; therefore, they are called ‘ripening for liberation’. ‘Dhammas’ (dhammā) refers to fifteen dhammas; they should be understood by way of being the cause for the purification of the faith faculty and so on. For it was said:

‘‘အဿဒ္ဓေ ပုဂ္ဂလေ ပရိဝဇ္ဇယတော, သဒ္ဓေ ပုဂ္ဂလေ သေဝတော ဘဇတော ပယိရုပါသတော, ပသာဒနီယေ သုတ္တန္တေ ပစ္စဝေက္ခတော, ဣမေဟိ တီဟာကာရေဟိ သဒ္ဓိန္ဒြိယံ ဝိသုဇ္ဈတိ. ကုသီတေ ပုဂ္ဂလေ ပရိဝဇ္ဇယတော, အာရဒ္ဓဝီရိယေ ပုဂ္ဂလေ သေဝတော ဘဇတော ပယိရုပါသတော, သမ္မပ္ပဓာနေ ပစ္စဝေက္ခတော, ဣမေဟိ တီဟာကာရေဟိ ဝီရိယိန္ဒြိယံ ဝိသုဇ္ဈတိ. မုဋ္ဌဿတီ ပုဂ္ဂလေ ပရိဝဇ္ဇယတော, ဥပဋ္ဌိတဿတီ ပုဂ္ဂလေ သေဝတော ဘဇတော ပယိရုပါသတော, သတိပဋ္ဌာနေ ပစ္စဝေက္ခတော, ဣမေဟိ တီဟာကာရေဟိ သတိန္ဒြိယံ ဝိသုဇ္ဈတိ. အသမာဟိတေ ပုဂ္ဂလေ ပရိဝဇ္ဇယတော, သမာဟိတေ ပုဂ္ဂလေ သေဝတော ဘဇတော ပယိရုပါသတော, ဈာနဝိမောက္ခေ ပစ္စဝေက္ခတော, ဣမေဟိ တီဟာကာရေဟိ သမာဓိန္ဒြိယံ ဝိသုဇ္ဈတိ. ဒုပ္ပညေ ပုဂ္ဂလေ ပရိဝဇ္ဇယတော, ပညဝန္တေ ပုဂ္ဂလေ သေဝတော ဘဇတော ပယိရုပါသတော, ဂမ္ဘီရဉာဏစရိယံ ပစ္စဝေက္ခတော, ဣမေဟိ တီဟာကာရေဟိ ပညိန္ဒြိယံ ဝိသုဇ္ဈတိ. ဣတိ ဣမေ ပဉ္စ ပုဂ္ဂလေ ပရိဝဇ္ဇယတော, ပဉ္စ ပုဂ္ဂလေ သေဝတော ဘဇတော ပယိရုပါသတော[Pg.37], ပဉ္စ သုတ္တန္တေ ပစ္စဝေက္ခတော, ဣမေဟိ ပန္နရသဟိ အာကာရေဟိ ဣမာနိ ပဉ္စိန္ဒြိယာနိ ဝိသုဇ္ဈန္တီ’’တိ (ပဋိ. မ. ၁.၁၈၄).

“By avoiding faithless individuals, associating with, attending on, and waiting upon faithful individuals, and reflecting on inspiring discourses, the faculty of faith is purified in these three ways. By avoiding lazy individuals, associating with, attending on, and waiting upon energetic individuals, and reflecting on the right efforts, the faculty of energy is purified in these three ways. By avoiding those who are forgetful, associating with, attending on, and waiting upon those who are mindful, and reflecting on the foundations of mindfulness, the faculty of mindfulness is purified in these three ways. By avoiding those who are unconcentrated, associating with, attending on, and waiting upon those who are concentrated, and reflecting on the jhānas and liberations, the faculty of concentration is purified in these three ways. By avoiding those who are unwise, associating with, attending on, and waiting upon those who are wise, and reflecting on the domain of profound knowledge, the faculty of wisdom is purified in these three ways. Thus, by avoiding these five kinds of individuals, associating with, attending on, and waiting upon these five kinds of individuals, and reflecting on these five kinds of discourses, these five faculties are purified through these fifteen aspects.” (Paṭis. Ma. 1.184)

အပရေပိ ပန္နရသ ဓမ္မာ ဝိမုတ္တိပရိပါစနိယာ – သဒ္ဓါပဉ္စမာနိ ဣန္ဒြိယာနိ, အနိစ္စသညာ, အနိစ္စေ ဒုက္ခသညာ, ဒုက္ခေ အနတ္တသညာ, ပဟာနသညာ, ဝိရာဂသညာတိ ဣမာ ပဉ္စ နိဗ္ဗေဓဘာဂိယာ သညာ, မေဃိယတ္ထေရဿ ကထိတာ ကလျာဏမိတ္တတာဒယော ပဉ္စ ဓမ္မာတိ (ဥဒါ. ၃၁). ကာယ ပန ဝေလာယ ဘဂဝတော ဧတဒဟောသီတိ? ပစ္စူသသမယေ လောကံ ဝေါလောကေန္တဿ.

Furthermore, there are fifteen other dhammas ripening for liberation: the five faculties with faith as the fifth; the perception of impermanence, the perception of suffering in the impermanent, the perception of not-self in suffering, the perception of abandoning, and the perception of dispassion—these five perceptions are conducive to penetration; and the five dhammas beginning with good friendship taught to the Elder Meghiya (Udāna 31). But at what time did this occur to the Blessed One? While surveying the world at dawn.

အနေကာနိ ဒေဝတာသဟဿာနီတိ အာယသ္မတာ ရာဟုလေန ပဒုမုတ္တရဿ ဘဂဝတော ပါဒမူလေ ပါလိတနာဂရာဇကာလေ ပတ္ထနံ ပဋ္ဌပေန္တေန သဒ္ဓိံ ပတ္ထနံ ပဋ္ဌပိတဒေဝတာသု ပန ကာစိ ဘူမဋ္ဌကာ ဒေဝတာ, ကာစိ အန္တလိက္ခဋ္ဌကာ, ကာစိ စာတုမဟာရာဇိကာ, ကာစိ ဒေဝလောကေ, ကာစိ ဗြဟ္မလောကေ နိဗ္ဗတ္တာ. ဣမသ္မိံ ပန ဒိဝသေ သဗ္ဗာပိ တာ ဧကဋ္ဌာနေ အန္ဓဝနသ္မိံယေဝ သန္နိပတိတာ, တာ သန္ဓာယာဟ – ‘‘အနေကာနိ ဒေဝတာသဟဿာနီ’’တိ. ဓမ္မစက္ခုန္တိ ဣမသ္မိံ သုတ္တေ စတ္တာရော စ မဂ္ဂါ စတ္တာရိ စ ဖလာနိ ဓမ္မစက္ခုန္တိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာနိ. တတ္ထ ဟိ ကာစိ ဒေဝတာ သောတာပန္နာ အဟေသုံ, ကာစိ သကဒါဂါမီ, အနာဂါမီ, ခီဏာသဝါ. တာသဉ္စ ပန ဒေဝတာနံ ဧတ္တကာတိ ဂဏနဝသေန ပရိစ္ဆေဒေါ နတ္ထိ. သေသံ သဗ္ဗတ္ထ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

‘Many thousands of devas’: Among the devas who made an aspiration together with the Venerable Rāhula when he made his aspiration at the feet of the Blessed One Padumuttara at the time he was the Nāga king Pālita, some were reborn as earth-bound devas, some as devas dwelling in the sky, some as Cātumahārājika devas, some in a deva world, and some in a Brahmā world. But on this day, all of them gathered in one place, in the Andhavana itself. Referring to them, he said, ‘many thousands of devas.’ ‘The eye of the Dhamma’ in this discourse should be understood as the four paths and the four fruits. For there, some devas became stream-enterers, some once-returners, non-returners, or arahants. And of those devas, there is no limit by way of counting. The rest is clear everywhere.

၉-၁၀. သံယောဇနိယဓမ္မသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

9-10. Commentary on the Discourses Concerning Things that Fetter, and so forth.

၁၂၂-၁၂၃. နဝမဒသမာနိ ဣဋ္ဌာရမ္မဏဝသေန ကထိယမာနေ ဗုဇ္ဈနကာနံ ဝသေန ဝုတ္တာနီတိ.

The ninth and tenth discourses were spoken by way of agreeable objects, for the sake of those who were to understand.

လောကကာမဂုဏဝဂ္ဂေါ ဒွါဒသမော.

The Twelfth Chapter on the Strands of Worldly Sensual Pleasure.

၁၃. ဂဟပတိဝဂ္ဂေါ

13. The Chapter on Householders

၁-၃. ဝေသာလီသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

1-3. Commentary on the Vesālī Sutta and so forth.

၁၂၄-၁၂၆. ဂဟပတိဝဂ္ဂဿ ပဌမေ ဥဂ္ဂေါတိ ပဏီတဒါယကာနံ အဂ္ဂဥဂ္ဂေါ, သော ဘဂဝတာ ‘‘ဧတဒဂ္ဂံ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, မမ သာဝကာနံ ပဏီတဒါယကာနံ ယဒိဒံ [Pg.38] ဥဂ္ဂေါ ဂဟပတီ’’တိ ဧဝံ ဧတဒဂ္ဂေ ဌပိတော. သေသမေတေသု စေဝ ဒွီသု, တတိယေ စ ဝုတ္တတ္ထမေဝ.

In the first discourse of the Chapter on Householders, as for Ugga, he was the foremost among the givers of excellent things. He was placed in that foremost position by the Blessed One, who said: “Monks, among my disciples who are givers of excellent things, the householder Ugga is the foremost.” In these two discourses and in the third, the remainder has the meaning already stated.

၄-၅. ဘာရဒွါဇသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

4-5. Commentary on the Bhāradvāja Sutta and so forth.

၁၂၇-၁၂၈. စတုတ္ထေ ပိဏ္ဍံ ဥလမာနော ပရိယေသမာနော ပဗ္ဗဇိတောတိ ပိဏ္ဍောလော. သော ကိရ ပရိဇိဏ္ဏဘောဂေါ ဗြာဟ္မဏော အဟောသိ. အထ ဘိက္ခုသံဃဿ လာဘသက္ကာရံ ဒိသွာ ပိဏ္ဍတ္ထာယ နိက္ခမိတွာ ပဗ္ဗဇိတော. သော မဟန္တံ ကပလ္လပတ္တံ ဂဟေတွာ စရတိ, တေန ကပလ္လပူရံ ယာဂုံ ပိဝတိ, ကပလ္လပူရေ ပူဝေ ခါဒတိ, ကပလ္လပူရံ ဘတ္တံ ဘုဉ္ဇတိ. အထဿ မဟဂ္ဃသဘာဝံ သတ္ထု အာရောစယိံသု. သတ္ထာ တဿ ပတ္တတ္ထဝိကံ နာနုဇာနိ. ဟေဋ္ဌာမဉ္စေ ပတ္တံ နိက္ကုဇ္ဇိတွာ ဌပေတိ. သော ဌပေန္တောပိ ဃံသန္တောဝ ပဏာမေတွာ ဌပေတိ, ဂဏှန္တောပိ ဃံသန္တောဝ အာကဍ္ဎိတွာ ဂဏှာတိ. တံ ဂစ္ဆန္တေ ကာလေ ဓံသနေန ပရိက္ခီဏံ နာဠိကောဒနမတ္တမေဝ ဂဏှနကံ ဇာတံ. တတော သတ္ထု အာရောစေသုံ, အထဿ သတ္ထာ ပတ္တတ္ထဝိကံ အနုဇာနိ. ထေရော အပရေန သမယေန ဣန္ဒြိယဘာဝနံ ဘာဝေတွာ အဂ္ဂဖလေ အရဟတ္တေ ပတိဋ္ဌာသိ. ဣတိ သော ပိဏ္ဍတ္ထာယ ပဗ္ဗဇိတတ္တာ ပိဏ္ဍောလော, ဂေါတ္တေန ပန ဘာရဒွါဇောတိ ဥဘယံ ဧကတော ကတွာ ပိဏ္ဍောလဘာရဒွါဇောတိ ဝုစ္စတိ.

In the fourth discourse, he was called Piṇḍola because he went forth seeking alms. It is said that he was a brahmin whose possessions were exhausted. Then, having seen the gain and honor of the community of monks, he went forth from home for the sake of alms. He would wander about carrying a large bowl; with it, he would drink a bowlful of gruel, eat a bowlful of cakes, and eat a bowlful of rice. Then they informed the Teacher of his gluttonous nature. The Teacher did not allow him a bowl-bag. He would place the bowl upside down under a low couch. Even when placing it, he would set it down by scraping it, and when taking it, he would take it by dragging it. As time went on, it became worn out from scraping and could only hold about a measure of cooked rice. Then they informed the Teacher, and the Teacher allowed him a bowl-bag. At a later time, the elder, having developed the cultivation of the faculties, became established in the highest fruit, Arahantship. Thus, because he had gone forth for the sake of alms, he was called Piṇḍola, and by clan, he was Bhāradvāja. Combining both, he is called Piṇḍolabhāradvāja.

ဥပသင်္ကမီတိ ဥဂ္ဂတုဂ္ဂတေဟိ မဟာအမစ္စေဟိ ပရိဝုတော ဥပသင်္ကမိ. ထေရော ကိရ ဧကဒိဝသံ သာဝတ္ထိယံ ပိဏ္ဍာယ စရိတွာ ကတဘတ္တကိစ္စော နိဒါဃသမယေ သီတဌာနေ ဒိဝါဝိဟာရံ နိသီဒိဿာမီတိ အာကာသေန ဂန္တွာ ဂင်္ဂါတီရေ ဥဒေနဿ ရညော ဥဒပါနံ နာမ ဥယျာနံ အတ္ထိ, တတ္ထ ပဝိသိတွာ အညတရသ္မိံ ရုက္ခမူလေ ဒိဝါဝိဟာရံ နိသီဒိ သီတေန ဥဒကဝါတေန ဗီဇိယမာနော.

“He approached” means he approached surrounded by very distinguished great ministers. It is said that one day, the elder, having wandered for alms in Sāvatthī and finished his meal, thinking, “In the hot season, I will sit for the day’s abiding in a cool place,” went through the sky. On the bank of the Ganges, there is a park belonging to King Udena named Udapāna. Having entered there, he sat for the day’s abiding at the foot of a certain tree, being fanned by a cool, water-bearing breeze.

ဥဒေနောပိ ခေါ နာမ ရာဇာ သတ္တာဟံ မဟာပါနံ ပိဝိတွာ သတ္တမေ ဒိဝသေ ဥယျာနံ ပဋိဇဂ္ဂါပေတွာ မဟာဇနပရိဝါရော ဥယျာနံ ဂန္တွာ မင်္ဂလသိလာပဋ္ဋေ အတ္ထတာယ သေယျာယ နိပဇ္ဇိ. တဿ ဧကာ ပရိစာရိကာ ပါဒေ သမ္ဗာဟမာနာ နိသိန္နာ. ရာဇာ ကမေန နိဒ္ဒံ ဩက္ကမိ. တသ္မိံ နိဒ္ဒံ ဩက္ကန္တေ နာဋကိတ္ထိယော ‘‘ယဿတ္ထာယ မယံ ဂီတာဒီနိ ပယောဇေယျာမ, သော နိဒ္ဒံ ဥပဂတော, န စ နိဒ္ဒါကာလေ [Pg.39] မဟာသဒ္ဒံ ကာတုံ ဝဋ္ဋတီ’’တိ အတ္တနော အတ္တနော တူရိယာနိ ဌပေတွာ ဥယျာနံ ပက္ကန္တာ. တာ တတ္ထ တတ္ထ ဖလာဖလာနိ ခါဒမာနာ ပုပ္ဖာနိ ပိဠန္ဓမာနာ ဝိစရန္တိယော ထေရံ ဒိသွာ ‘‘မာ သဒ္ဒံ ကရိတ္ထာ’’တိ အညမညံ နိဝါရယမာနာ ဝန္ဒိတွာ နိသီဒိံသု. ထေရော ‘‘ဣဿာ ပဟာတဗ္ဗာ, မစ္ဆေရံ ဝိနောဒေတဗ္ဗ’’န္တိအာဒိနာ နယေန တာသံ အနုရူပံ ဓမ္မကထံ ကထေသိ.

King Udena, having drunk liquor at a great festival for seven days, on the seventh day had the park prepared and, surrounded by a great retinue, went to the park and lay down on a bed spread on the auspicious stone slab. One of his female attendants sat massaging his feet. The king gradually fell asleep. When he had fallen asleep, the female dancers, thinking, “He for whose sake we would perform songs and so on has fallen asleep, and it is not proper to make a loud noise while he is sleeping,” set aside their respective musical instruments and went off into the park. As they were wandering about here and there, eating various fruits and adorning themselves with flowers, they saw the elder. Restraining one another, saying, “Do not make a noise,” they paid homage and sat down. The elder gave them a suitable Dhamma talk in the manner of, “Envy should be abandoned, stinginess should be dispelled,” and so on.

သာပိ ခေါ ရညော ပါဒေ သမ္ဗာဟမာနာ နိသိန္နာ ဣတ္ထီ ပါဒေ စာလေတွာ ရာဇာနံ ပဗောဓေသိ. သော ‘‘ကဟံ တာ ဂတာ’’တိ ပုစ္ဆိ. ကိံ တာသံ တုမှေဟိ? တာ ဧကံ သမဏံ ပရိဝါရေတွာ နိသိန္နာတိ. ရာဇာ ကုဒ္ဓေါ ဥဒ္ဓနေ ပက္ခိတ္တလောဏံ ဝိယ တဋတဋာယမာနော ဥဋ္ဌဟိတွာ ‘‘တမ္ဗကိပိလ္လိကာဟိ နံ ခါဒါပေဿာမီ’’တိ ဂစ္ဆန္တော ဧကသ္မိံ အသောကရုက္ခေ တမ္ဗကိပိလ္လိကာနံ ပုဋံ ဒိသွာ ဟတ္ထေနာကဍ္ဎိတွာ သာခံ ဂဏှိတုံ နာသက္ခိ. ကိပိလ္လိကပုဋော ဆိဇ္ဇိတွာ ရညော သီသေ ပတိ, သကလသရီရံ သာလိထုသေဟိ ပရိကိဏ္ဏံ ဝိယ ဒဏ္ဍဒီပိကာဟိ ဍယှမာနံ ဝိယ စ အဟောသိ. ထေရော ရညော ပဒုဋ္ဌဘာဝံ ဉတွာ ဣဒ္ဓိယာ အာကာသံ ပက္ခန္ဒိ. တာပိ ဣတ္ထိယော ဥဋ္ဌာယ ရညော သန္တိကံ ဂန္တွာ သရီရံ ပုဉ္ဆန္တိယော ဝိယ ဘူမိယံ ပတိတပတိတာ ကိပိလ္လိကာယော ဂဟေတွာ သရီရေ ခိပမာနာ သဗ္ဗာ မုခသတ္တီဟိ ဝိဇ္ဈိံသု – ‘‘ကိံ နာမေတံ, အညေ ရာဇာနော ပဗ္ဗဇိတေ ဒိသွာ ဝန္ဒန္တိ, ပဉှံ ပုစ္ဆန္တိ, အယံ ပန ရာဇာ ကိပိလ္လိကပုဋံ သီသေ ဘိန္ဒိတုကာမော ဇာတော’’တိ.

That woman who was sitting massaging the king’s feet moved his feet and woke the king. He asked, “Where have they gone?” She spoke slanderously, saying, “What concern are they to you? They are sitting surrounding a certain ascetic.” The king, becoming angry, got up crackling like salt thrown into a furnace and, as he was going, said, “I will have him bitten by red ants.” Seeing a nest of red ants on an asoka tree, he pulled at it with his hand but was unable to get the branch. The ant nest broke and fell on the king’s head. His entire body became as if sprinkled with red paddy husks and as if being burned by torches. The elder, knowing the king’s malicious state, flew into the sky by his psychic power. Those women, too, got up and went to the king. As if wiping his body, they picked up the ants that had fallen on the ground and threw them on his body. They all pierced him with the spears of their mouths, saying: “What is this? Other kings, upon seeing ascetics, pay homage and ask questions. But this king has become desirous of breaking an ant nest on an ascetic’s head!”

ရာဇာ အတ္တနော အပရာဓံ ဒိသွာ ဥယျာနပါလံ ပက္ကောသာပေတွာ ပုစ္ဆိ – ‘‘ကိံ ဧသ ပဗ္ဗဇိတော? အညေသုပိ ဒိဝသေသု ဣဓ အာဂစ္ဆတီ’’တိ? အာမ, ဒေဝါတိ. ဣဓ တွံ အာဂတဒိဝသေ မယှံ အာရောစေယျာသီတိ. ထေရောပိ ကတိပါဟေနေဝ ပုန အာဂန္တွာ ရုက္ခမူလေ နိသီဒိ. ဥယျာနပါလော ဒိသွာ – ‘‘မဟန္တော မေ အယံ ပဏ္ဏာကာရော’’တိ ဝေဂေန ဂန္တွာ ရညော အာရောစေသိ. ရာဇာ ဥဋ္ဌဟိတွာ သင်္ခပဏဝါဒိသဒ္ဒံ နိဝါရေတွာ ဥဂ္ဂတုဂ္ဂတေဟိ အမစ္စေဟိ သဒ္ဓိံ ဥယျာနံ အဂမာသိ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘ဥပသင်္ကမီ’’တိ.

The king, seeing his own fault, had the park keeper summoned and asked, “Does this ascetic come here on other days too?” “Yes, Your Majesty.” “On the day he comes here, you should inform me.” After a few days, the elder came again and sat at the foot of a tree. The park keeper, seeing him, thought, “This is a great gift for me,” and quickly went and informed the king. The king got up, stopped the sound of conches, drums, and so on, and went to the park with his most distinguished ministers. Therefore, it is said, “he approached.”

အနိကီဠိတာဝိနော ကာမေသူတိ ယာ ကာမေသု ကာမကီဠာ, တံ အကီဠိတပုဗ္ဗာ, အပရိဘုတ္တကာမာတိ အတ္ထော. အဒ္ဓါနဉ္စ အာပါဒေန္တီတိ ပဝေဏိံ ပဋိပါဒေန္တိ, ဒီဃရတ္တံ အနုဗန္ဓာပေန္တိ. မာတုမတ္တီသူတိ မာတုပမာဏာသု. လောကသ္မိဉှိ မာတာ ဘဂိနီ ဓီတာတိ ဣဒံ တိဝိဓံ ဂရုကာရမ္မဏံ နာမ[Pg.40], ဣတိ ဂရုကာရမ္မဏေ ဥပနိဗန္ဓံ စိတ္တံ ဝိမောစေတုံ န လဘတီတိ ဒဿေန္တော ဧဝမာဟ. အထဿ တေန ပဉှေန စိတ္တံ အနောတရန္တံ ဒိသွာ ဘဂဝတာ ပဋိကူလမနသိကာရဝသေန စိတ္တူပနိဗန္ဓနတ္ထံ ဝုတ္တံ ဒွတ္တိံသာကာရကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ ကထေသိ.

‘Not having sported in sensual pleasures’ means: they have not previously sported in the sport of sensual pleasures; they have not consumed sensual pleasures—this is the meaning. ‘And they cause the long course to continue’ means they establish a tradition and cause it to be continued for a long time. ‘Like a mother’ means those of the measure of a mother. For in the world, mother, sister, and daughter are the threefold objects of reverence; thus, showing that it is not possible to free a mind bound to a revered object, he spoke thus. Then, seeing his mind was not settling on account of that question, the Elder taught the meditation subject on the thirty-two parts of the body, spoken by the Blessed One for the purpose of binding the mind by means of attention to the repulsive.

အဘာဝိတကာယာတိ အဘာဝိတပဉ္စဒွါရိကကာယာ. တေသံ တံ ဒုက္ကရံ ဟောတီတိ တေသံ တံ အသုဘကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ ဘာဝေတုံ ဒုက္ကရံ ဟောတိ. ဣတိဿ ဣမိနာပိ စိတ္တံ အနောတရန္တံ ဒိသွာ ဣန္ဒြိယသံဝရသီလံ ကထေသိ. ဣန္ဒြိယသံဝရသ္မိဉှိ ဥပနိဗန္ဓစိတ္တံ ဝိဟေဌေတုံ န လဘတိ. ရာဇာ တံ သုတွာ တတ္ထ ဩတိဏ္ဏစိတ္တော အစ္ဆရိယံ, ဘော ဘာရဒွါဇာတိအာဒိမာဟ.

‘Undeveloped body’ means a body with undeveloped five sense-doors. ‘For them, that is difficult’ means it is difficult for them to develop that meditation subject of foulness. Thus, seeing his mind was not settling on account of this either, he taught the virtue of restraint of the sense-faculties. For a mind bound up in the restraint of the sense-faculties cannot be afflicted. Hearing this, the king, with a mind that descended into it, said: ‘Wonderful, Master Bhāradvāja!’ and so on.

အရက္ခိတေနေဝ ကာယေနာတိအာဒီသု ဟတ္ထပါဒေ ကီဠာပေန္တော ဂီဝံ ပရိဝတ္တေန္တော ကာယံ န ရက္ခတိ နာမ, နာနပ္ပကာရံ ဒုဋ္ဌုလ္လံ ကထေန္တော ဝစနံ န ရက္ခတိ နာမ, ကာမဝိတက္ကာဒယော ဝိတက္ကေန္တော စိတ္တံ န ရက္ခတိ နာမ. ရက္ခိတေနေဝ ကာယေနာတိအာဒီသု ဝုတ္တဝိပရိယာယေန အတ္ထော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော.

In passages such as ‘With an unguarded body’: one who plays with their hands and feet and turns their neck is said not to guard the body; one who speaks various kinds of coarse speech is said not to guard speech; one who thinks thoughts of sensual desire and so on is said not to guard the mind. In passages such as ‘With a guarded body’, the meaning should be understood in the opposite way to what has been stated.

အတိဝိယ မံ တသ္မိံ သမယေ လောဘဓမ္မာ ပရိသဟန္တီတိ မံ တသ္မိံ သမယေ အတိက္ကမိတွာ လောဘော အဓိဘဝတီတိ အတ္ထော. ဥပဋ္ဌိတာယ သတိယာတိ ကာယဂတာယ သတိယာ သုပဋ္ဌိတာယ. န မံ တထာ တသ္မိံ သမယေတိ တသ္မိံ သမယေ မံ ယထာ ပုဗ္ဗေ, န တထာ လောဘော အတိက္ကမိတွာ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတီတိ အတ္ထော. ပရိသဟန္တီတိ ပဒဿ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇန္တီတိပိ အတ္ထောယေဝ. ဣတိ ဣမသ္မိံ သုတ္တေ တယော ကာယာ ကထိတာ. ကထံ? ‘‘ဣမမေဝ ကာယ’’န္တိ ဧတ္ထ ဟိ ကရဇကာယော ကထိတော, ‘‘ဘာဝိတကာယော’’တိ ဧတ္ထ ပဉ္စဒွါရိကကာယော, ‘‘ရက္ခိတေနေဝ ကာယေနာ’’တိ ဧတ္ထ စောပနကာယော, ကာယဝိညတ္တီတိ အတ္ထော. ပဉ္စမံ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

‘States of greed greatly overwhelm me at that time’ means: at that time, greed, having transgressed, overpowers me. ‘With mindfulness established’ means: with mindfulness related to the body well established. ‘Not so for me at that time’ means: at that time, greed does not arise and, having transgressed, overpower me as it did before. The word ‘parisahanti’ (they overwhelm) also has the meaning ‘uppajjanti’ (they arise). Thus, in this discourse, three bodies are taught. How? In the phrase ‘this very body’, the physical body is taught. In ‘developed body’, the body of the five sense-doors is taught. In ‘with a guarded body’, the motivating body is taught, meaning bodily intimation. The fifth is self-evident.

၆. ဃောသိတသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

6. Commentary on the Ghosita Sutta

၁၂၉. ဆဋ္ဌေ ရူပါ စ မနာပါတိ ရူပါ စ မနာပါ သံဝိဇ္ဇန္တိ. စက္ခုဝိညာဏဉ္စာတိ စက္ခုဝိညာဏဉ္စ သံဝိဇ္ဇတိ. သုခဝေဒနိယံ ဖဿန္တိ စက္ခုဝိညာဏသမ္ပယုတ္တံ ဥပနိဿယဝသေန ဇဝနကာလေ သုခဝေဒနာယ ပစ္စယဘူတံ ဖဿံ. သုခါ ဝေဒနာတိ ဧကံ ဖဿံ ပဋိစ္စ ဇဝနဝသေန သုခဝေဒနာ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ. သေသပဒေသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော.

6. In the sixth sutta, ‘pleasing forms’ means: pleasing forms exist. ‘And eye-consciousness’ means: eye-consciousness exists. ‘Contact productive of pleasant feeling’ means: contact associated with eye-consciousness, which, by way of decisive support at the time of the javanas, is a condition for pleasant feeling. ‘Pleasant feeling’ means: pleasant feeling arises by way of the javanas, dependent on one contact. This same method should be understood for the remaining phrases.

ဣတိ [Pg.41] ဣမသ္မိံ သုတ္တေ တေဝီသတိ ဓာတုယော ကထိတာ. ကထံ? ဧတ္ထ ဟိ စက္ခုပသာဒေါ စက္ခုဓာတု, တဿ အာရမ္မဏံ ရူပဓာတု, စက္ခုဝိညာဏံ ဝိညာဏဓာတု, စက္ခုဝိညာဏဓာတုယာ သဟဇာတာ တယော ခန္ဓာ ဓမ္မဓာတု, ဧဝံ ပဉ္စသု ဒွါရေသု စတုန္နံ စတုန္နံ ဝသေန ဝီသတိ. မနောဒွါရေ ‘‘မနောဓာတူ’’တိ အာဝဇ္ဇနစိတ္တံ ဂဟိတံ, အာရမ္မဏဉ္စေဝ ဟဒယဝတ္ထု စ ဓမ္မဓာတု, ဝတ္ထုနိဿိတံ မနောဝိညာဏဓာတူတိ ဧဝံ တေဝီသတိ ဟောန္တိ. ဧဝံ တေဝီသတိယာ ဓာတူနံ ဝသေန ဓာတုနာနတ္တံ ဝုတ္တံ ဘဂဝတာတိ ဒဿေတိ.

129. Thus, in this sutta, twenty-three elements are taught. How? Herein, eye-sensitivity is the eye-element; its object is the form-element; eye-consciousness is the consciousness-element; the three aggregates co-arisen with the eye-consciousness-element are the dhamma-element. In this way, in the five sense-doors, by way of four each, there are twenty elements. In the mind-door, the adverting consciousness is taken as the ‘mind-element’; both its object and the heart-base are the dhamma-element; the consciousness dependent on the base is the mind-consciousness-element. Thus there are twenty-three. In this way, he shows that the diversity of elements was taught by the Blessed One by means of these twenty-three elements.

၇-၈. ဟာလိဒ္ဒိကာနိသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

7-8. Commentary on the Hāliddikāni Sutta, etc.

၁၃၀-၁၃၁. သတ္တမေ မနာပံ ဣတ္ထေတန္တိ ပဇာနာတီတိ ယံ အနေန မနာပံ ရူပံ ဒိဋ္ဌံ, တံ ဣတ္ထေတန္တိ ဧဝမေတံ မနာပမေဝ တန္တိ ပဇာနာတိ. စက္ခုဝိညာဏံ သုခဝေဒနိယဉ္စ ဖဿံ ပဋိစ္စာတိ စက္ခုဝိညာဏဉ္စေဝ, ယော စ ဥပနိဿယကောဋိယာ ဝါ အနန္တရကောဋိယာ ဝါ သမနန္တရကောဋိယာ ဝါ သမ္ပယုတ္တကောဋိယာ ဝါ သုခဝေဒနာယ ပစ္စယော ဖဿော, တံ သုခဝေဒနိယံ ဖဿဉ္စ ပဋိစ္စ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ သုခဝေဒနာတိ. ဧသ နယော သဗ္ဗတ္ထ. ဣတိ ဣမေသု ဒွီသု သုတ္တေသု ကိရိယာမနောဝိညာဏဓာတု အာဝဇ္ဇနကိစ္စာ, မနောဓာတုယေဝ ဝါ သမာနာ မနောဓာတုနာမေန ဝုတ္တာတိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ. အဋ္ဌမံ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

In the seventh discourse, ‘he understands it as pleasant, as desirable’ means: whatever pleasant form is seen by him, he understands it as ‘desirable’—that is, he understands, ‘thus, this is indeed pleasant.’ ‘Dependent on eye-consciousness and contact productive of pleasant feeling’ means that pleasant feeling arises dependent on eye-consciousness itself, and on whatever contact is a condition for pleasant feeling—whether by way of decisive support, or contiguity, or immediate contiguity, or association—that is, on that contact productive of pleasant feeling. This is the method in all cases. Thus, in these two discourses, it should be understood that the functional mind-consciousness element, which has the function of adverting, is spoken of by the name ‘mind-element,’ being equivalent to the mind-element. The eighth discourse is self-explanatory.

၉. လောဟိစ္စသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

9. Commentary on the Lohicca Sutta

၁၃၂. နဝမေ မက္ကရကတေတိ ဧဝံနာမကေ နဂရေ အရညကုဋိကာယန္တိ အရညေ ကတာယ ပါဋိယေက္ကာယ ကုဋိယံ, န ဝိဟာရပစ္စန္တကုဋိယံ. မာဏဝကာတိ ယေပိ တတ္ထ မဟလ္လကာ, တေ မဟလ္လကကာလေပိ အန္တေဝါသိကတာယ မာဏဝကာတွေဝ ဝုတ္တာ. တေနုပသင်္ကမိံသူတိ ပါတော သိပ္ပံ ဥဂ္ဂဏှိတွာ သာယံ ‘‘အာစရိယဿ ကဋ္ဌာနိ အာဟရိဿာမာ’’တိ အရညံ ပဝိသိတွာ ဝိစရန္တာ ယေန သာ ကုဋိကာ, တေနုပသင်္ကမိံသု. ပရိတော ပရိတော ကုဋိကာယာတိ တဿာ ကုဋိကာယ သမန္တတော သမန္တတော. သေလေယျကာနီတိ အညမညဿ ပိဋ္ဌိံ ဂဟေတွာ လင်္ဃိတွာ ဣတော စိတော စင်္ကမနကီဠနာနိ.

In the ninth discourse, ‘in the town named Makkarakata, in a wilderness hut’ means in a solitary hut built in the wilderness, not a hut on the outskirts of the monastery. ‘Young men’ means that even those who were elderly there were called ‘young men’ because they were resident pupils even in their old age. ‘They approached’ means that having learned their craft in the morning, in the evening they thought, ‘We will fetch firewood for the teacher,’ and while wandering in the forest, they approached that hut. ‘All around the hut’ means all around that hut. ‘Playful activities’ means games of holding one another's backs and jumping over, and games of pacing to and fro.

မုဏ္ဍကာတိအာဒီသု [Pg.42] မုဏ္ဍေ မုဏ္ဍာတိ, သမဏေ စ သမဏာတိ ဝတ္တုံ ဝဋ္ဋေယျ, ဣမေ ပန ဟီဠေန္တာ ‘‘မုဏ္ဍကာ သမဏကာ’’တိ အာဟံသု. ဣဗ္ဘာတိ ဂဟပတိကာ. ကဏှာတိ ကဏှာ, ကာဠကာတိ အတ္ထော. ဗန္ဓုပါဒါပစ္စာတိ ဧတ္ထ ဗန္ဓူတိ ဗြဟ္မာ အဓိပ္ပေတော. တဉှိ ဗြာဟ္မဏာ ပိတာမဟောတိ ဝေါဟရန္တိ. ပါဒါနံ အပစ္စာ ပါဒါပစ္စာ, ဗြဟ္မုနော ပိဋ္ဌိပါဒတော ဇာတာတိ အဓိပ္ပာယော. တေသံ ကိရ အယံ လဒ္ဓိ ‘‘ဗြာဟ္မဏာ ဗြဟ္မုနော မုခတော နိက္ခန္တာ, ခတ္တိယာ ဥရတော, ဝေဿာ နာဘိတော, သုဒ္ဒါ ဇာဏုတော, သမဏာ ပိဋ္ဌိပါဒတော’’တိ. ဘရတကာနန္တိ ကုဋိမ္ဗိကာနံ. ကုဋိမ္ဗိကာ ဟိ ယသ္မာ ရဋ္ဌံ ဘရန္တိ, တသ္မာ ဘရတာတိ ဝုစ္စန္တိ. ဣမေ ပန ပရိဘဝံ ကတွာ ဝဒမာနာ ‘‘ဘရတကာန’’န္တိ အာဟံသု.

Regarding 'bald-pates', etc.: for a bald person it would be proper to say 'bald', and for an ascetic, 'ascetic'. But these youths, speaking with contempt, said 'bald-pates, petty ascetics'. By 'wealthy ones' (ibbhā) is meant householders. By 'dark ones' (kaṇhā) is meant those of dark birth; the meaning is black. Regarding 'offspring from the kinsman's feet' (bandhupādāpaccā): here, by 'kinsman' (bandhu), Brahmā is intended. For brahmins call him 'grandfather' (pitāmaha). 'Offspring of the feet' (pādāpaccā) means born from the top of Brahmā's foot; this is the intention. It seems this is their doctrine: 'Brahmins issued from Brahmā's mouth, khattiyas from his chest, vessas from his navel, suddas from his knees, and ascetics from the top of his foot.' By 'Bharatakas' (bharatakānaṃ) is meant 'of householders'. Because householders (kuṭimbikā) support (bharanti) the country, they are called 'Bharatas'. But these youths, speaking contemptuously, said 'Bharatakas'.

ဝိဟာရာ နိက္ခမိတွာတိ ‘‘ရတ္တိဋ္ဌကာပရိစ္ဆန္နေ ရဇတပဋ္ဋသန္နိဘသမဝိပ္ပကိဏ္ဏဝါလိကေ ရမဏီယေ ပရိဝေဏေ ကဋ္ဌကလာပေ ဗန္ဓိတွာ ခိပမာနာ ဝါလိကံ အာလုဠေတွာ, ဟတ္ထေန ဟတ္ထံ အာဒါယ ပဏ္ဏကုဋိံ ပရိယာယန္တာ ‘ဣမေ ဣမေသံ ဘရတကာနံ သက္ကတာ, ဣမေ ဣမေသံ ဘရတကာနံ သက္ကတာ’တိ ပုနပ္ပုနံ ဝိရဝန္တာ အတိဝိယ ဣမေ မာဏဝကာ ကီဠံ ကရောန္တိ, ဝိဟာရေ ဘိက္ခူနံ အတ္ထိဘာဝမ္ပိ န ဇာနန္တိ, ဒဿေဿာမိ နေသံ ဘိက္ခူနံ အတ္ထိဘာဝ’’န္တိ စိန္တေတွာ ပဏ္ဏကုဋိတော နိက္ခမိ.

Regarding 'having come out of the dwelling' (vihārā nikkhamitvā): he thought, 'In this delightful precinct, enclosed by red bricks, with sand evenly scattered like a silver sheet, these youths are playing excessively. They are bundling and throwing faggots of wood, stirring up the sand, holding hands and circling the leaf-hut, shouting again and again, "These fellows are honored by these base householders! These fellows are honored by these base householders!" They do not even know of the presence of monks in the monastery. I will show them that there are monks here!' Thinking thus, he came out of the leaf-hut.

သီလုတ္တမာ ပုဗ္ဗတရာ အဟေသုန္တိ ဂုဏဝန္တာနံ ဂုဏေ ကထိတေ နိဂ္ဂုဏာနံ ဂုဏာဘာဝေါ ပါကဋောဝ ဘဝိဿတီတိ ပေါရာဏကဗြာဟ္မဏာနံ ဂုဏေ ကထေန္တော ဧဝမာဟ. တတ္ထ သီလုတ္တမာတိ သီလဇေဋ္ဌကာ. သီလဉှိ တေသံ ဥတ္တမံ, န ဇာတိဂေါတ္တံ. ယေ ပုရာဏံ သရန္တီတိ ယေ ပေါရာဏကံ ဗြာဟ္မဏဓမ္မံ သရန္တိ. အဘိဘုယျ ကောဓန္တိ ကောဓံ အဘိဘဝိတွာ တေသံ ဒွါရာနိ သုဂုတ္တာနိ သုရက္ခိတာနိ အဟေသုံ. ဓမ္မေ စ ဈာနေ စ ရတာတိ ဒသဝိဓေ ကုသလကမ္မပထဓမ္မေ အဋ္ဌသမာပတ္တိဈာနေသု စ ရတာ.

Regarding 'Virtue was supreme, foremost in ancient times' (sīluttamā pubbatarā ahesuṃ): he spoke thus, thinking, 'When the virtues of the virtuous are spoken of, the lack of virtue in the unvirtuous will become evident,' and so he spoke of the qualities of the ancient brahmins. Here, 'virtue was supreme' (sīluttamā) means that virtue was their chief quality (sīlajeṭṭhakā). For them, virtue (sīla) was supreme, not birth or lineage. 'Those who remember the ancient ways' (ye purāṇaṃ saranti) means those who recall the noble way of the ancient brahmins (brāhmaṇadhammaṃ). 'Having overcome anger' (abhibhuyya kodhaṃ) means that having subdued anger, their sense-doors were well-guarded and well-protected. 'Delighting in Dhamma and jhāna' (dhamme ca jhāne ca ratā) means they delighted in the Dhamma of the ten wholesome courses of action and in the jhānas of the eight meditative attainments.

ဧဝံ ပေါရာဏာနံ ဂုဏံ ကထေတွာ အထေတရဟိ ဗြာဟ္မဏာနံ မာနံ နိမ္မဒ္ဒေန္တော ဣမေ စ ဝေါက္ကမ္မ ဇပါမသေတိအာဒိမာဟ. တတ္ထ ဝေါက္ကမ္မာတိ ဧတေဟိ ဂုဏေဟိ အပက္ကမိတွာ. ဇပါမသေတိ မယံ ဇပါမ သဇ္ဈာယာမာတိ ဧတ္တကေနေဝ ဗြာဟ္မဏမှာတိ မညမာနာ ဗြာဟ္မဏာ မယန္တိ ဣမိနာ ဂေါတ္တေန မတ္တာ ဟုတွာ ဝိသမံ စရန္တိ, ဝိသမာနိ ကာယကမ္မာဒီနိ ကရောန္တီတိ အတ္ထော. ပုထုအတ္တဒဏ္ဍာတိ [Pg.43] ပုထု အတ္တာ ဒဏ္ဍာ ဧတေဟီတိ ပုထုအတ္တဒဏ္ဍာ, ဂဟိတနာနာဝိဓဒဏ္ဍာတိ အတ္ထော. သတဏှာတဏှေသူတိ သတဏှနိတ္တဏှေသု. အဂုတ္တဒွါရဿ ဘဝန္တိ မောဃာတိ အသံဝုတဒွါရဿ သဗ္ဗေပိ ဝတသမာဒါနာ မောဃာ ဘဝန္တီတိ ဒီပေတိ. ယထာ ကိန္တိ? သုပိနေဝ လဒ္ဓံ ပုရိသဿ ဝိတ္တန္တိ ယထာ သုပိနေ ပုရိသဿ လဒ္ဓံ မဏိမုတ္တာဒိနာနာဝိဓံ ဝိတ္တံ မောဃံ ဟောတိ, ပဗုဇ္ဈိတွာ ကိဉ္စိ န ပဿတိ, ဧဝံ မောဃာ ဘဝန္တီတိ အတ္ထော.

Having thus described the virtues of the ancients, then, to crush the conceit of the brahmins of the present, He said, beginning with 'ime ca vokkamma japāmase...'. Here, 'vokkamma' means having departed from these virtues. 'Japāmase' means 'we mutter, we recite,' thinking 'By this much alone, we are brahmins,' and so, intoxicated by this lineage, they behave unrighteously, meaning they perform unrighteous bodily actions and so on. 'Puthuattadaṇḍā' means 'those who have taken up various punishments'; the meaning is 'having taken up various kinds of punishments'. 'Sataṇhātaṇhesūti' means among those with craving and those without craving. 'Aguttadvārassa bhavanti moghā' shows that for one with unguarded sense doors, all undertakings of vows are in vain. How so? 'Like wealth gained in a dream:' Just as the various kinds of wealth like gems and pearls gained in a dream by a person are in vain, for upon waking, he sees nothing, so too are they in vain; this is the meaning.

အနာသကာတိ ဧကာဟဒွီဟာဒိဝသေန အနာဟာရကာ. ထဏ္ဍိလသာယိကာ စာတိ ဟရိတကုသသန္ထတေ ဘူမိဘာဂေ သယနံ, ပါတော သိနာနဉ္စ တယော စ ဝေဒါတိ ပါတောဝ ဥဒကံ ပဝိသိတွာ နှာနဉ္စေဝ တယော စ ဝေဒါ. ခရာဇိနံ ဇဋာ ပင်္ကောတိ ခရသမ္ဖဿံ အဇိနစမ္မဉ္စေဝ ဇဋာကလာပေါ စ ပင်္ကော စ, ပင်္ကော နာမ ဒန္တမလံ. မန္တာ သီလဗ္ဗတံ တပေါတိ မန္တာ စ အဇသီလဂေါသီလသင်္ခါတံ သီလံ အဇဝတဂေါဝတသင်္ခါတံ ဝတဉ္စ. အယံ ဣဒါနိ ဗြာဟ္မဏာနံ တပေါတိ ဝဒတိ. ကုဟနာ ဝင်္ကဒဏ္ဍာ စာတိ ပဋိစ္ဆန္နကူပေါ ဝိယ ပဋိစ္ဆန္နဒေါသံ ကောဟညဉ္စေဝ ဝင်္ကဒဏ္ဍော, စ ဥဒုမ္ဗရပလာသဗေဠုဝရုက္ခာနံ အညတရတော ဂဟိတံ ဝင်္ကဒဏ္ဍဉ္စာတိ အတ္ထော. ဥဒကာစမနာနိ စာတိ ဥဒကေန မုခပရိမဇ္ဇနာနိ. ဝဏ္ဏာ ဧတေ ဗြာဟ္မဏာနန္တိ ဧတေ ဗြာဟ္မဏာနံ ပရိက္ခာရဘဏ္ဍကဝဏ္ဏာတိ ဒဿေတိ. ကတ ကိဉ္စိက္ခဘာဝနာတိ ကတာ ကိဉ္စိက္ခဘာဝနာ. အယမေဝ ဝါ ပါဌော, အာမိသကိဉ္စိက္ခဿ ဝဍ္ဎနတ္ထာယ ကတန္တိ အတ္ထော.

'Anāsakā' means being without food for one, two, or more days. 'Thaṇḍilasāyikā' means lying on a plot of ground spread with green kusa grass. 'Pāto sinānañca tayo ca vedā' means entering the water early to bathe, and also the three Vedas. 'Kharājinaṃ jaṭā paṅko' means a rough-feeling deerskin, a topknot of matted hair, and filth; 'paṅko' is the name for tooth-dirt. 'Mantā sīlabbataṃ tapo' means chants, the practice known as the goat-practice and the cow-practice, and the vow known as the goat-vow and the cow-vow. He says, 'This is now the austerity of the brahmins.' 'Kuhanā vaṅkadaṇḍā ca' means deceit with concealed faults like a covered pit, and a crooked staff; the meaning is a crooked staff taken from one of the udumbara, palāsa, or beḷuva trees. 'Udakācamanāni ca' means rinsing the mouth with water. 'Vaṇṇā ete brāhmaṇānaṃ' shows that these are the characteristic marks of the brahmins' accoutrements. 'Kata kiñcikkhabhāvanā' means the cultivation of something trifling has been done. Or, this is the reading itself, meaning it is done for the purpose of increasing some trifling material gain.

ဧဝံ ဧတရဟိ ဗြာဟ္မဏာနံ မာနံ နိမ္မဒ္ဒိတွာ ပုန ပေါရာဏကဗြာဟ္မဏာနံ ဝဏ္ဏံ ကထေန္တော စိတ္တဉ္စ သုသမာဟိတန္တိအာဒိမာဟ. တတ္ထ သုသမာဟိတန္တိ တေသံ ဗြာဟ္မဏာနံ စိတ္တံ ဥပစာရပ္ပနာသမာဓီဟိ သုသမာဟိတံ အဟောသီတိ ဒဿေတိ. အခိလန္တိ မုဒု အထဒ္ဓံ. သော မဂ္ဂေါ ဗြဟ္မပတ္တိယာတိ သော သေဋ္ဌပတ္တိယာ မဂ္ဂေါ, တုမှေ ပန ကိံ ဗြာဟ္မဏာ နာမာတိ ဒီပေန္တော ဧဝမာဟ.

Having thus shattered the pride of the present-day brahmins, and again speaking of the virtues of the ancient brahmins, He spoke the words beginning with 'cittañca susamāhitaṃ'. Therein, 'susamāhitaṃ' shows that the minds of those brahmins were well-concentrated by means of access concentration and absorption concentration. 'Akhilaṃ' means gentle and not harsh. 'So maggo brahmapattiyā' means that is the path to the highest attainment. Wishing to show, 'But as for you, what sort of brahmins are you?', He spoke thus.

အာဂမံသု နု ခွိဓာတိ အာဂမံသု နု ခေါ ဣဓ. အဓိမုစ္စတီတိ ကိလေသဝသေန အဓိမုတ္တော ဂိဒ္ဓေါ ဟောတိ. ဗျာပဇ္ဇတီတိ ဗျာပါဒဝသေန ပူတိစိတ္တံ ဟောတိ. ပရိတ္တစေတသောတိ အနုပဋ္ဌိတသတိတာယ သံကိလေသစိတ္တေန ပရိတ္တစိတ္တော. စေတောဝိမုတ္တိန္တိ ဖလသမာဓိံ. ပညာဝိမုတ္တိန္တိ ဖလပညံ. အပ္ပမာဏစေတသောတိ ဥပဋ္ဌိတသတိတာယ နိက္ကိလေသစိတ္တေန အပ္ပမာဏစိတ္တော.

The phrase 'Āgamaṃsu nu khvidha' is to be parsed as 'āgamaṃsu nu kho idha'. 'Adhimuccati' means that by way of defilements, one becomes intent and greedy. 'Byāpajjati' means that by way of ill will, the mind becomes corrupt. 'Parittacetaso' means having a limited mind due to unestablished mindfulness and a defiled mind. 'Cetovimuttiṃ' means the concentration of fruition. 'Paññāvimuttiṃ' means the wisdom of fruition. 'Appamāṇacetaso' means having an immeasurable mind due to established mindfulness and a mind free from defilements.

၁၀. ဝေရဟစ္စာနိသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

10. Commentary on the Verahaccāni Sutta

၁၃၃. ဒသမေ [Pg.44] ကာမဏ္ဍာယန္တိ ဧဝံနာမကေ နဂရေ. ယဂ္ဃေတိ စောဒနတ္ထေ နိပါတော. သေသံ ဥတ္တာနမေဝါတိ.

10. In the tenth sutta, 'Kāmaṇḍā' is the name of a city. 'Yagghe' is a particle in the sense of urging. The rest is clear.

ဂဟပတိဝဂ္ဂေါ တေရသမော.

133. The Thirteenth Householder Chapter.

၁၄. ဒေဝဒဟဝဂ္ဂေါ

The Devadaha Chapter

၁. ဒေဝဒဟသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

1. Commentary on the Devadaha Sutta

၁၃၄. ဒေဝဒဟဝဂ္ဂဿ ပဌမေ ဒေဝဒဟန္တိ နပုံသကလိင်္ဂေန လဒ္ဓနာမော နိဂမော. မနောရမာတိ မနံ ရမယန္တာ, မနာပါတိ အတ္ထော. အမနောရမာတိ အမနာပါ.

14. In the first sutta of the Devadaha Chapter, 'Devadaha' is the name of a town, which is in the neuter gender. 'Manoramā' means delighting the mind; the meaning is pleasing. 'Amanoramā' means unpleasing.

၂. ခဏသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

2. Commentary on the Khaṇa Sutta

၁၃၅. ဒုတိယေ ဆဖဿာယတနိကာ နာမာတိ ဝိသုံ ဆဖဿာယတနိကာ နာမ နိရယာ နတ္ထိ. သဗ္ဗေသုပိ ဟိ ဧကတိံသမဟာနိရယေသု ဆဒွါရဖဿာယတနပညတ္တိ ဟောတိယေဝ. ဣဒံ ပန အဝီစိမဟာနိရယံ သန္ဓာယ ဝုတ္တံ. သဂ္ဂါတိ ဣဓာပိ တာဝတိံသပုရမေဝ အဓိပ္ပေတံ. ကာမာဝစရဒေဝလောကေ ပန ဧကသ္မိမ္ပိ ဆဖဿာယတနပညတ္တိယာ အဘာဝေါ နာမ နတ္ထိ. ဣမိနာ ကိံ ဒီပေတိ? နိရယေ ဧကန္တဒုက္ခသမပ္ပိတဘာဝေန, ဒေဝလောကေ စ ဧကန္တသုခသမပ္ပိတတ္တာ ဧကန္တခိဍ္ဍာရတိဝသေန ဥပ္ပန္နပမာဒေန မဂ္ဂဗြဟ္မစရိယဝါသံ ဝသိတုံ န သက္ကာ. မနုဿလောကော ပန ဝေါကိဏ္ဏသုခဒုက္ခော, ဣဓေဝ အပါယောပိ သဂ္ဂေါပိ ပညာယတိ. အယံ မဂ္ဂဗြဟ္မစရိယဿ ကမ္မဘူမိ နာမ, သာ တုမှေဟိ လဒ္ဓါ. တသ္မာ ယေ ဝေါ ဣမေ မာနုဿကာ ခန္ဓာ လဒ္ဓါ, တေ ဝေါ လာဘာ. ယဉ္စ ဝေါ ဣဒံ မနုဿတ္တံ လဒ္ဓံ, ပဋိလဒ္ဓေါ ဝေါ ဗြဟ္မစရိယဝါသဿ ခဏော သမယောတိ. ဝုတ္တမ္ပိ ဟေတံ ပေါရာဏေဟိ –

135. In the second sutta, 'of the six sense-bases' means that there are no hells separately named 'of the six sense-bases.' For in all thirty-one great hells, cognition through contact at the six doors indeed occurs. This, however, was said with reference to the Avīci great hell. Here 'heaven' also refers specifically to the Tāvatiṃsa celestial city. In the desire-realm deva worlds, there is no such thing as an absence of cognition through contact at the six doors in any of them. What does this show? In hell, because of being completely given over to suffering, and in the deva world, because of being completely endowed with happiness and due to negligence arising from constant play and delight, it is not possible to live the noble life of the path. The human world, however, has mixed pleasure and suffering; here itself the plane of misery and heaven are also discerned. This is called the ground of action for the noble life of the path, which you have obtained. Therefore, these human aggregates that you have obtained are your great gain. And this human existence that you have obtained—the moment, the right occasion for living the noble life has been obtained by you. This was also said by the ancients:

‘‘အယံ ကမ္မဘူမိ ဣဓ မဂ္ဂဘာဝနာ,ဌာနာနိ သံဝေဇနိယာ ဗဟူ ဣဓ;

သံဝေဂသံဝေဇနိယေသု ဝတ္ထုသု,သံဝေဂဇာတောဝ ပယုဉ္စ ယောနိသော’’တိ.

“This is the ground of action; here is the development of the path. Many are the grounds for spiritual urgency here. In matters that cause spiritual urgency, with a sense of urgency having arisen, apply yourself with wise attention.”

၃. ပဌမရူပါရာမသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

3. Commentary on the First Rūpārāma Sutta

၁၃၆. တတိယေ [Pg.45] ရူပသမ္မုဒိတာတိ ရူပေ သမ္မုဒိတာ ပမောဒိတာ. ဒုက္ခာတိ ဒုက္ခိတာ. သုခေါတိ နိဗ္ဗာနသုခေန သုခိတော. ကေဝလာတိ သကလာ. ယာဝတတ္ထီတိ ဝုစ္စတီတိ ယတ္တကာ အတ္ထီတိ ဝုစ္စတိ. ဧတေ ဝေါတိ ဧတ္ထ ဝေါ-ကာရော နိပါတမတ္တံ. ပစ္စနီကမိဒံ ဟောတိ, သဗ္ဗလောကေန ပဿတန္တိ ယံ ဣဒံ ပဿန္တာနံ ပဏ္ဍိတာနံ ဒဿနံ, တံ သဗ္ဗလောကေန ပစ္စနီကံ ဟောတိ ဝိရုဒ္ဓံ. လောကော ဟိ ပဉ္စက္ခန္ဓေ နိစ္စာ သုခါ အတ္တာ သုဘာတိ မညတိ, ပဏ္ဍိတာ အနိစ္စာ ဒုက္ခာ အနတ္တာ အသုဘာတိ. သုခတော အာဟူတိ သုခန္တိ ကထေန္တိ. သုခတော ဝိဒူတိ သုခန္တိ ဇာနန္တိ. သဗ္ဗမေတံ နိဗ္ဗာနမေဝ သန္ဓာယ ဝုတ္တံ.

136. In the third sutta, 'delighted in form' means delighted and joyful in form. 'Suffering' means afflicted with suffering. 'Happy' means made happy by the happiness of Nibbāna. 'Entire' means all. 'Whatever is said to exist' means 'whatever phenomena are said to exist.' In 'ete vo,' the particle 'vo' is merely an expletive. 'This is contrary to what the whole world sees' means that this vision of the wise who see is contrary to and opposed to the whole world. For the world considers the five aggregates as permanent, pleasant, self, and beautiful, while the wise say they are impermanent, suffering, non-self, and unattractive. 'They speak of it as happiness' means they call it happiness. 'They know it as happiness' means they know it as happiness. All this is said with reference only to Nibbāna.

သမ္မူဠှေတ္ထာတိ ဧတ္ထ နိဗ္ဗာနေ သမ္မူဠှာ. အဝိဒ္ဒသူတိ ဗာလာ. သဗ္ဗေပိ ဟိ ဆန္နဝုတိပါသဏ္ဍိနော ‘‘နိဗ္ဗာနံ ပါပုဏိဿာမာ’’တိ သညိနော ဟောန္တိ, တေ ပန ‘‘နိဗ္ဗာနံ နာမ ဣဒ’’န္တိပိ န ဇာနန္တိ. နိဝုတာနန္တိ ကိလေသနီဝရဏေန နိဝုတာနံ ပရိယောနဒ္ဓါနံ. အန္ဓကာရော အပဿတန္တိ အပဿန္တာနံ အန္ဓကာရော ဟောတိ. ကိံ တံ ဧဝံ ဟောတိ? နိဗ္ဗာနံ ဝါ နိဗ္ဗာနဒဿနံ ဝါ အပဿန္တာနဉှိ ဗာလာနံ နိဗ္ဗာနမ္ပိ နိဗ္ဗာနဒဿနမ္ပိ ကာဠမေဃအဝစ္ဆာဒိတံ ဝိယ စန္ဒမဏ္ဍလံ ကဋာဟေန ပဋိကုဇ္ဇိတပတ္တော ဝိယ စ နိစ္စကာလံ တမော စေဝ အန္ဓကာရော စ သမ္ပဇ္ဇတိ.

'Deluded here' means deluded regarding Nibbāna. 'The unwise' means fools. Indeed, all ninety-six kinds of sectarians have the perception, 'We will attain Nibbāna,' but they do not even know, 'This is what is called Nibbāna.' 'Of the veiled' means of those who are veiled, enveloped by the hindrances which are defilements. 'Darkness for those who do not see' means for those not seeing, there is darkness. What is it that is so? For fools who do not see Nibbāna or the vision of Nibbāna, both Nibbāna and the vision of Nibbāna become perpetual darkness and gloom, like the disk of the moon covered by a dark cloud, or like a bowl overturned by a kiln-pot.

သတဉ္စ ဝိဝဋံ ဟောတိ, အာလောကော ပဿတာမိဝါတိ သတဉ္စ သပ္ပုရိသာနံ ပညာဒဿနေန ပဿန္တာနံ နိဗ္ဗာနံ အာလောကော ဝိယ ဝိဝဋံ ဟောတိ. သန္တိကေ န ဝိဇာနန္တိ, မဂါ ဓမ္မဿ အကောဝိဒါတိ ယံ အတ္တနော သရီရေ ကေသေ ဝါ လောမာဒီသု ဝါ အညတရကောဋ္ဌာသံ ပရိစ္ဆိန္ဒိတွာ အနန္တရမေဝ အဓိဂန္တဗ္ဗတော အတ္တနော ဝါ ခန္ဓာနံ နိရောဓမဂ္ဂတော သန္တိကေ နိဗ္ဗာနံ. တံ ဧဝံ သန္တိကေ သမာနမ္ပိ မဂ္ဂဘူတာ ဇနာ မဂ္ဂါမဂ္ဂဓမ္မဿ စတုသစ္စဓမ္မဿ ဝါ အကောဝိဒါ န ဇာနန္တိ.

'But for the virtuous it is open, like light for those who see' means: for the virtuous, the good persons who see with the vision of wisdom, Nibbāna is open like light. 'Being unskilled in the Dhamma, they do not know what is near' means: Nibbāna is near, since it is to be attained immediately after having demarcated a certain part in one's own body, such as the hairs of the head or the hairs of the body, or because it is the path to the cessation of one's own aggregates. Even though it is thus near, people who are like wild deer, being unskilled in the Dhamma of the path and the non-path or the Dhamma of the Four Truths, do not know it.

မာရဓေယျာနုပန္နေဟီတိ တေဘူမကဝဋ္ဋံ မာရဿ နိဝါသဋ္ဌာနံ အနုပန္နေဟိ. ကော နု အညတြ အရိယေဘီတိ ဌပေတွာ အရိယေ ကော နု အညော နိဗ္ဗာနပဒံ ဇာနိတုံ အရဟတိ. သမ္မဒညာယ ပရိနိဗ္ဗန္တီတိ အရဟတ္တပညာယ သမ္မာ ဇာနိတွာ အနန္တရမေဝ အနာသဝါ ဟုတွာ ကိလေသပရိနိဗ္ဗာနေန ပရိနိဗ္ဗန္တိ. အထ ဝါ သမ္မဒညာယ အနာသဝါ ဟုတွာ အန္တေ ခန္ဓပရိနိဗ္ဗာနေန ပရိနိဗ္ဗာယန္တိ.

'By those who have not entered Māra's domain' means by those who have not entered the dwelling place of Māra, which is the round of existence in the three realms. 'Who else but the noble ones?' means: setting aside the noble ones, who else is worthy to know the state of Nibbāna? 'Having rightly understood, they are fully extinguished' means: having rightly known with the wisdom of Arahantship, immediately becoming free from taints, they are fully extinguished by the extinction of defilements. Or, having rightly understood and become free from taints, at the end they are fully extinguished by the extinction of the aggregates.

၄-၁၂. ဒုတိယရူပါရာမသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

4-12. Commentary on the Suttas beginning with the Second Rūpārāma Sutta

၁၃၇-၁၄၅. စတုတ္ထံ [Pg.46] သုဒ္ဓိကံ ကတွာ ဒေသိယမာနေ ဗုဇ္ဈနကာနံ အဇ္ဈာသယေန ဝုတ္တံ. ပဉ္စမာဒီနိ တထာ တထာ ဗုဇ္ဈန္တာနံ အဇ္ဈာသယေန ဝုတ္တာနိ. အတ္ထော ပန တေသံ ပါကဋောယေဝါတိ.

137-145. The fourth discourse, being taught as prose only, was spoken according to the inclination of those who were to understand. The fifth and the following discourses were spoken according to the inclination of those who were to understand in those respective ways. But their meaning is indeed evident.

ဒေဝဒဟဝဂ္ဂေါ စုဒ္ဒသမော.

The Devadaha Chapter, the fourteenth.

၁၅. နဝပုရာဏဝဂ္ဂေါ

15. The Chapter on the New and the Old

၁. ကမ္မနိရောဓသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

1. Commentary on the Discourse on the Cessation of Kamma

၁၄၆. နဝပုရာဏဝဂ္ဂဿ ပဌမေ နဝပုရာဏာနီတိ နဝါနိ စ ပုရာဏာနိ စ. စက္ခု, ဘိက္ခဝေ, ပုရာဏကမ္မန္တိ န စက္ခု ပုရာဏံ, ကမ္မမေဝ ပုရာဏံ, ကမ္မတော ပန နိဗ္ဗတ္တတ္တာ ပစ္စယနာမေန ဧဝံ ဝုတ္တံ. အဘိသင်္ခတန္တိ ပစ္စယေဟိ အဘိသမာဂန္တွာ ကတံ. အဘိသဉ္စေတယိတန္တိ စေတနာယ ပကပ္ပိတံ. ဝေဒနိယံ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗန္တိ ဝေဒနာယ ဝတ္ထူတိ ပဿိတဗ္ဗံ. နိရောဓာ ဝိမုတ္တိံ ဖုသတီတိ ဣမဿ တိဝိဓဿ ကမ္မဿ နိရောဓေန ဝိမုတ္တိံ ဖုသတိ. အယံ ဝုစ္စတီတိ အယံ တဿာ ဝိမုတ္တိယာ အာရမ္မဏဘူတော နိရောဓော ကမ္မနိရောဓောတိ ဝုစ္စတိ. ဣတိ ဣမသ္မိံ သုတ္တေ ပုဗ္ဗဘာဂဝိပဿနာ ကထိတာ.

146. In the first discourse of the Chapter on the New and the Old, 'the new and the old' means both new kamma and old kamma. 'The eye, bhikkhus, is old kamma'—not that the eye is old, but only the kamma is old; however, because it is produced from kamma, it is so called by the name of its condition. 'Formed' means made by conditions having come together. 'Intended' means determined by volition. 'To be felt' means it should be seen as a basis for feeling. 'Through cessation, one touches liberation' means through the cessation of this threefold kamma, one touches liberation. 'This is called' means this cessation, which has become the object of that liberation, is called the cessation of kamma. Thus, in this discourse, preliminary-part insight is taught.

၂-၅. အနိစ္စနိဗ္ဗာနသပ္ပာယသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

2-5. Commentary on the Suttas beginning with the Anicca Sutta and the Nibbānasappāya Sutta

၁၄၇-၁၅၀. ဒုတိယေ နိဗ္ဗာနသပ္ပာယန္တိ နိဗ္ဗာနဿ သပ္ပာယံ ဥပကာရပဋိပဒံ. တတိယာဒီသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော. ပဋိပါဋိယာ ပန စတူသုပိ ဧတေသု သုတ္တေသု သဟ ဝိပဿနာယ စတ္တာရော မဂ္ဂါ ကထိတာ.

147-150. In the second discourse, 'conducive to Nibbāna' means the practice that is suitable and beneficial for attaining Nibbāna. This same method should be understood for the third and following discourses. Furthermore, in these four discourses, in sequence, the four paths are taught together with insight.

၆-၇. အန္တေဝါသိကသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

6-7. Commentary on the Suttas beginning with the Antevāsika Sutta

၁၅၁-၁၅၂. ဆဋ္ဌေ အနန္တေဝါသိကန္တိ အန္တော ဝသနကကိလေသဝိရဟိတံ. အနာစရိယကန္တိ အာစရဏကကိလေသဝိရဟိတံ. အန္တဿ ဝသန္တီတိ အန္တော အဿ ဝသန္တိ. တေ နံ သမုဒါစရန္တီတိ တေ ဧတံ အဓိဘဝန္တိ အဇ္ဈောတ္ထရန္တိ သိက္ခာပေန္တိ ဝါ. ‘‘ဧဝံ ဝေဇ္ဇကမ္မံ ကရောဟိ, ဧဝံ ဒူတကမ္မ’’န္တိ ဣတိ သိက္ခာပနသင်္ခါတေန သမုဒါစရဏတ္ထေနဿ တေ အာစရိယာ နာမ ဟောန္တိ, တေဟိ [Pg.47] အာစရိယေဟိ သာစရိယကောတိ ဝုစ္စတိ. သေသမေတ္ထ ဝုတ္တနယေနေဝ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ. သတ္တမံ ဟေဋ္ဌာ ကထိတနယမေဝ.

In the sixth discourse, anantevāsika means free from the defilement that dwells within, which is like a bad pupil. Anācariyaka means free from the defilement that acts as a teacher, which is like a bad teacher. Antassa vasanti means: they dwell inside him. Te naṃ samudācaranti means: those defilements overpower and overwhelm him, or they instruct him, saying, ‘Do medical work like this, do messenger work like this.’ Thus, because of this ‘instructing,’ which is the meaning of samudācaraṇa, those defilements are called his teachers. Because of those teachers, he is called sācariyaka (one with such a teacher). The rest herein should be understood in the way already stated. The seventh discourse has the same method as was stated below.

၈. အတ္ထိနုခေါပရိယာယသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

8. Commentary on the Atthinukhopariyāya Sutta.

၁၅၃. အဋ္ဌမေ ယံ ပရိယာယံ အာဂမ္မာတိ ယံ ကာရဏံ အာဂမ္မ. အညတြေဝ သဒ္ဓါယာတိ ဝိနာ သဒ္ဓါယ သဒ္ဓံ အပနေတွာ. ဧတ္ထ စ သဒ္ဓါတိ န ပစ္စက္ခာ သဒ္ဓါ. ယော ပန ပရဿ ဧဝံ ကိရ ဧဝံ ကိရာတိ ကထေန္တဿ သုတွာ ဥပ္ပန္နော သဒ္ဒဟနာကာရော, တံ သန္ဓာယေတံ ဝုတ္တံ. ရုစိအာဒီသုပိ ရုစာပေတွာ ခမာပေတွာ အတ္ထေတန္တိ ဂဟဏာကာရော ရုစိ နာမ, ဧဝံ ကိရ ဘဝိဿတီတိ အနုဿဝနံ အနုဿဝေါ, နိသီဒိတွာ ဧကံ ကာရဏံ စိန္တေန္တဿ ကာရဏံ ဥပဋ္ဌာတိ, ဧဝံ ဥပဋ္ဌိတဿ အတ္ထေတန္တိ ဂဟဏံ အာကာရပရိဝိတက္ကော နာမ, ကာရဏဝိတက္ကောတိ အတ္ထော. ကာရဏံ စိန္တေန္တဿ ပါပိကာ လဒ္ဓိ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ, တံ အတ္ထေသာတိ ဂဟဏာကာရော ဒိဋ္ဌိနိဇ္ဈာနက္ခန္တိ နာမ. အညံ ဗျာကရေယျာတိ ဣမာနိ ပဉ္စ ဌာနာနိ မုဉ္စိတွာ အရဟတ္တံ ဗျာကရေယျ. ဣမသ္မိံ သုတ္တေ သေခါသေခါနံ ပစ္စဝေက္ခဏာ ကထိတာ.

153. In the eighth discourse, yaṃ pariyāyaṃ āgamma means: by means of which reason. Aññatreva saddhāya means: without faith, having removed faith. And herein, saddhā is not direct faith. Rather, this is said with reference to the manner of believing that arises upon hearing another say, ‘So it is said, so it is said.’ In the case of liking and so on: the manner of grasping—having been pleased and satisfied, thinking, ‘This exists’—is called ruci (liking). Hearing along, thinking, ‘Thus it will be, it is said,’ is anussavo (hearsay). For one who sits down and reflects on a reason, a reason presents itself; for one to whom it has thus presented itself, the grasping, thinking, ‘This exists,’ is called ākāraparivitakko (reasoned reflection); the meaning is reflection on a reason. For one who reflects on a reason, a wrong view arises; the manner of grasping it, thinking, ‘This view is mine,’ is called diṭṭhinijjhānakkhanti (approval through contemplation of a view). Aññaṃ byākareyya means: one would declare arahantship, having abandoned these five grounds. In this discourse, the reviewing of trainees and non-trainees is discussed.

၉-၁၀. ဣန္ဒြိယသမ္ပန္နသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

9-10. Commentary on the Indriyasampanna Sutta and the Like

၁၅၄-၁၅၅. နဝမေ ဣန္ဒြိယသမ္ပန္နောတိ ပရိပုဏ္ဏိန္ဒြိယော. တတ္ထ ယေန ဆ ဣန္ဒြိယာနိ သမ္မသိတွာ အရဟတ္တံ ပတ္တံ, သော တေဟိ နိဗ္ဗိသေဝနေဟိ ဣန္ဒြိယေဟိ သမန္နာဂတတ္တာ, စက္ခာဒီနိ ဝါ ဆ ဣန္ဒြိယာနိ သမ္မသန္တဿ ဥပ္ပန္နေဟိ သဒ္ဓါဒီဟိ ဣန္ဒြိယေဟိ သမန္နာဂတတ္တာ ပရိပုဏ္ဏိန္ဒြိယော နာမ ဟောတိ, တံ သန္ဓာယ ဘဂဝါ စက္ခုန္ဒြိယေ စေတိအာဒိနာ နယေန ဒေသနံ ဝိတ္ထာရေတွာ ဧတ္တာဝတာ ခေါ ဘိက္ခု ဣန္ဒြိယသမ္ပန္နော ဟောတီတိ အာဟ. ဒသမံ ဟေဋ္ဌာ ဝုတ္တနယမေဝါတိ.

In the ninth discourse, indriyasampanno means one with complete faculties (paripuṇṇindriyo). Herein, one who has attained arahantship by contemplating the six faculties is called ‘one with complete faculties’ because of being endowed with those faculties that are free from indulgence. Alternatively, one is called ‘one with complete faculties’ because of being endowed with the faculties of faith and so on that arise for one who contemplates the six faculties beginning with the eye. With reference to this, the Blessed One, having elaborated the teaching in the manner beginning with ‘in the eye faculty…,’ said: ‘It is to this extent, bhikkhu, that one is accomplished in the faculties.’ The tenth discourse is in accordance with the method previously stated.

နဝပုရာဏဝဂ္ဂေါ ပဉ္စဒသမော.

The Fifteenth Chapter on the New and Old.

တတိယော ပဏ္ဏာသကော.

The Third Fifty.

၁၆. နန္ဒိက္ခယဝဂ္ဂေါ

16. The Chapter on the Destruction of Delight

၁-၄. အဇ္ဈတ္တနန္ဒိက္ခယသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

1-4. Commentary on the Ajjhattanandikkhaya Sutta and Related Discourses

၁၅၆-၁၅၉. နန္ဒိက္ခယဝဂ္ဂဿ [Pg.48] ပဌမေ နန္ဒိက္ခယာ ရာဂက္ခယော, ရာဂက္ခယာ နန္ဒိက္ခယောတိ နန္ဒိယာ စ ရာဂဿ စ အတ္ထတော ဧကတ္တာ ဝုတ္တံ. သုဝိမုတ္တန္တိ အရဟတ္တဖလဝိမုတ္တိဝသေန သုဋ္ဌု ဝိမုတ္တံ. သေသမေတ္ထ ဒုတိယာဒီသု စ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

In the first discourse of the Nandikkhaya Vagga, ‘the destruction of delight is the destruction of lust, and the destruction of lust is the destruction of delight’ is stated because delight and lust are one in meaning. Suvimuttaṃ means well-liberated by way of the liberation that is the fruit of arahantship. The remainder here and in the second discourse and so forth is self-evident.

၅-၆. ဇီဝကမ္ဗဝနသမာဓိသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

5-6. Commentary on the Jīvakambavanasamādhi Sutta and Related Discourses.

၁၆၀-၁၆၁. ပဉ္စမံ သမာဓိဝိကလာနံ, ဆဋ္ဌံ ပဋိသလ္လာနဝိကလာနံ စိတ္တေကဂ္ဂတဉ္စ ကာယဝိဝေကဉ္စ လဘန္တာနံ ဧတေသံ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ ဖာတိံ ဂမိဿတီတိ ဉတွာ ကထိတံ. တတ္ထ ဩက္ခာယတီတိ (ပစ္စက္ခာယတိ) ပညာယတိ ပါကဋံ ဟောတိ. ဣတိ ဒွီသုပိ ဧတေသု သဟ ဝိပဿနာယ စတ္တာရော မဂ္ဂါ ကထိတာ.

The fifth discourse was taught for those deficient in concentration, and the sixth for those deficient in seclusion, it being known that their meditation subject will flourish when they obtain both one-pointedness of mind and bodily seclusion. Therein, okkhāyati means it appears directly (paccakkhāyati), it appears, it becomes manifest. Thus, in both these discourses, the four paths together with insight were taught.

၇-၉. ကောဋ္ဌိကအနိစ္စသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

7-9. Commentary on the Koṭṭhikaanicca Sutta and Related Discourses

၁၆၂-၁၆၄. သတ္တမာဒီသု တီသု ထေရဿ ဝိမုတ္တိပရိပါစနိယာ ဓမ္မာဝ ကထိတာ.

In the three discourses beginning with the seventh, the teachings conducive to the ripening of the elder's liberation were taught.

၁၀-၁၂. မိစ္ဆာဒိဋ္ဌိပဟာနသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

10-12. Commentary on the Micchādiṭṭhipahāna Sutta and Related Discourses

၁၆၅-၁၆၇. ဒသမာဒီနိ တီဏိ ပါဋိယေက္ကေန ပုဂ္ဂလဇ္ဈာသယဝသေန ဝုတ္တာနိ. တေသံ အတ္ထော ဝုတ္တနယေနေဝ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗောတိ.

The three discourses beginning with the tenth were taught individually according to the disposition of the individual. Their meaning should be understood in the manner already stated.

နန္ဒိက္ခယဝဂ္ဂေါ သောလသမော.

The Chapter on the Destruction of Delight is the sixteenth.

၁၇. သဋ္ဌိပေယျာလဝဂ္ဂေါ

17. The Chapter of the Sixty Repetitions

၁-၆၀. အဇ္ဈတ္တအနိစ္စဆန္ဒသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

1-60. Commentary on the Ajjhattaaniccachanda Sutta and Related Discourses

၁၆၈-၂၂၇. တဒနန္တရော သဋ္ဌိပေယျာလော နာမ ဟောတိ, သော ဥတ္တာနတ္ထောဝ. ယာနိ ပနေတ္ထ သဋ္ဌိ သုတ္တာနိ ဝုတ္တာနိ, တာနိ ‘‘ဆန္ဒော ပဟာတဗ္ဗော’’တိ [Pg.49] ဧဝံ တဿ တဿေဝ ပဒဿ ဝသေန ဗုဇ္ဈနကာနံ အဇ္ဈာသယဝသေန ဝုတ္တာနိ. ဣတိ သဗ္ဗာနိ တာနိ ပါဋိယေက္ကေန ပုဂ္ဂလဇ္ဈာသယဝသေန ကထိတာနိ. ဧကေကသုတ္တပရိယောသာနေ စေတ္ထ သဋ္ဌိ သဋ္ဌိ ဘိက္ခူ အရဟတ္တံ ပတ္တာတိ.

Immediately following that is what is called the Sixty Repetitions, which is of plain meaning. The sixty discourses taught herein were taught according to the disposition of those who would understand by way of that very phrase, ‘desire is to be abandoned.’ Thus, all of them were taught individually according to the disposition of the individual. And at the conclusion of each and every discourse here, sixty by sixty bhikkhus attained Arahantship.

သဋ္ဌိပေယျာလဝဂ္ဂေါ.

The Chapter of the Sixty Repetitions.

၁၈. သမုဒ္ဒဝဂ္ဂေါ

18. The Chapter on the Ocean

၁. ပဌမသမုဒ္ဒသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

1. Commentary on the First Sutta on the Ocean

၂၂၈. သမုဒ္ဒဝဂ္ဂဿ ပဌမေ စက္ခု, ဘိက္ခဝေ, ပုရိသဿ သမုဒ္ဒေါတိ ယဒိ ဒုပ္ပူရဏဋ္ဌေန ယဒိ ဝါ သမုဒ္ဒနဋ္ဌေန သမုဒ္ဒေါ, စက္ခုမေဝ သမုဒ္ဒေါ. တဿ ဟိ ပထဝိတော ယာဝ အကနိဋ္ဌဗြဟ္မလောကာ နီလာဒိအာရမ္မဏံ သမောသရန္တံ ပရိပုဏ္ဏဘာဝံ ကာတုံ န သက္ကောတိ, ဧဝံ ဒုပ္ပူရဏဋ္ဌေနပိ သမုဒ္ဒေါ. စက္ခု စ တေသု တေသု နီလာဒီသု အာရမ္မဏေသု သမုဒ္ဒတိ, အသံဝုတံ ဟုတွာ ဩသရမာနံ ကိလေသုပ္ပတ္တိယာ ကာရဏဘာဝေန သဒေါသဂမနေန ဂစ္ဆတီတိ သမုဒ္ဒနဋ္ဌေနပိ သမုဒ္ဒေါ. တဿ ရူပမယော ဝေဂေါတိ သမုဒ္ဒဿ အပ္ပမာဏော ဦမိမယော ဝေဂေါ ဝိယ တဿာပိ စက္ခုသမုဒ္ဒဿ သမောသရန္တဿ နီလာဒိဘေဒဿ အာရမ္မဏဿ ဝသေန အပ္ပမေယျော ရူပမယော ဝေဂေါ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. ယော တံ ရူပမယံ ဝေဂံ သဟတီတိ ယော တံ စက္ခုသမုဒ္ဒေ သမောသဋံ ရူပမယံ ဝေဂံ, မနာပေ ရူပေ ရာဂံ, အမနာပေ ဒေါသံ, အသမပေက္ခိတေ မောဟန္တိ ဧဝံ ရာဂါဒိကိလေသေ အနုပ္ပာဒေန္တော ဥပေက္ခကဘာဝေန သဟတိ.

228. In the first discourse of the Samudda Vagga, regarding ‘The eye, bhikkhus, is a person’s ocean’: whether ‘ocean’ is used in the sense of being difficult to fill or in the sense of assailing, the eye itself is the ocean. For even when sense-objects such as blue, from the earth up to the Akaniṭṭha Brahma realm, enter its range, it cannot be brought to a state of fullness; thus, it is an ocean in the sense of being difficult to fill. And the eye assails those various sense-objects such as blue; being unrestrained and rushing forth, it goes with a corrupt movement due to being a cause for the arising of defilements. Thus, it is an ocean also in the sense of assailing. Regarding ‘Its surge is made of forms’: just as the ocean’s immeasurable surge is made of waves, so too for this eye-ocean, when sense-objects of various kinds such as blue enter its range, its immeasurable surge made of forms should be understood. Regarding ‘One who withstands that surge made of forms’: this means a bhikkhu who endures with equanimity that surge made of forms that has entered the eye-ocean, by not giving rise to defilements such as lust for a pleasant form, aversion for an unpleasant form, and delusion for a form that is met with indifference.

သဦမိန္တိအာဒီသု ကိလေသဦမီဟိ သဦမိံ. ကိလေသာဝဋ္ဋေဟိ သာဝဋ္ဋံ. ကိလေသဂါဟေဟိ သဂါဟံ. ကိလေသရက္ခသေဟိ သရက္ခသံ. ကောဓူပါယာသဿ စ ဝသေန သဦမိံ. ဝုတဉှေတံ ‘‘ဦမိဘယန္တိ ခေါ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, ကောဓူပါယာသဿေတံ အဓိဝစန’’န္တိ (ဣတိဝု. ၁၀၉; မ. နိ. ၂.၁၆၂; အ. နိ. ၄.၁၂၂). ကာမဂုဏဝသေန သာဝဋ္ဋံ. ဝုတဉှေတံ ‘‘အာဝဋ္ဋဂ္ဂါဟောတိ ခေါ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, ပဉ္စန္နေတံ ကာမဂုဏာနံ အဓိဝစန’’န္တိ (သံ. နိ. ၄.၂၄၁). မာတုဂါမဝသေန သဂါဟံ သရက္ခသံ. ဝုတ္တဉှေတံ ‘‘ဂါဟရက္ခသောတိ ခေါ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, မာတုဂါမဿေတံ အဓိဝစန’’န္တိ (ဣတိဝု. ၁၀၉). သေသဝါရေသုပိ ဧသေဝ [Pg.50] နယော. သဘယံ ဒုတ္တရံ အစ္စတရီတိ ဦမိဘယေန သဘယံ ဒုရတိက္ကမံ အတိက္ကမိ. လောကန္တဂူတိ သင်္ခါရလောကဿ အန္တံ ဂတော. ပါရဂတောတိ ဝုစ္စတီတိ နိဗ္ဗာနံ ဂတောတိ ကထီယတိ.

In the phrases beginning with `saūmiṃ` (with waves): `saūmiṃ` means 'with the waves of defilements'; `sāvaṭṭaṃ` (with whirlpools) means 'with the whirlpools of defilements'; `sagāhaṃ` (with sea-monsters) means 'with the sea-monsters of defilements'; `sarakkhasaṃ` (with demons) means 'with the demons of defilements'. And `saūmiṃ` is also understood by way of anger and despair. For this was stated: '"Fear of waves," monks, is a term for anger and despair.' `Sāvaṭṭaṃ` is understood by way of sensual pleasures. For this was stated: '"Whirlpool and snare," monks, is a term for the five strands of sensual pleasure.' `Sagāhaṃ` and `sarakkhasaṃ` are understood by way of womenfolk. For this was stated: '"Sea-monster and demon," monks, is a term for womenfolk.' This same method applies in the remaining passages. Regarding 'He crossed over that which is fearful and hard to cross': he crossed over that which is fearful and difficult to traverse due to the fear of waves and so on. Regarding 'gone to the world's end': he has gone to the end of the world of formations. Regarding 'is called one who has gone to the far shore': it is said that he has gone to Nibbāna.

၂-၃. ဒုတိယသမုဒ္ဒသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

2-3. Commentary on the Discourses Beginning with the Second One on the Ocean

၂၂၉-၂၃၀. ဒုတိယေ သမုဒ္ဒေါတိ သမုဒ္ဒနဋ္ဌေန သမုဒ္ဒေါ, ကိလေဒနဋ္ဌေန တေမနဋ္ဌေနာတိ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ. ယေဘုယျေနာတိ ဌပေတွာ အရိယသာဝကေ. သမုန္နာတိ ကိလိန္နာ တိန္တာ နိမုဂ္ဂါ. တန္တာကုလကဇာတာတိအာဒိ ဟေဋ္ဌာ ဝိတ္ထာရိတမေဝ. မစ္စုဇဟောတိ တယော မစ္စူ ဇဟိတွာ ဌိတော. နိရုပဓီတိ တီဟိ ဥပဓီဟိ အနုပဓိ. အပုနဗ္ဘဝါယာတိ နိဗ္ဗာနတ္ထာယ. အမောဟယီ မစ္စုရာဇန္တိ ယထာ တဿ ဂတိံ န ဇာနာတိ, ဧဝံ မစ္စုရာဇာနံ မောဟေတွာ ဂတော. တတိယံ ဝုတ္တနယမေဝ.

In the second discourse: `samudda` (ocean) is so called in the sense of accumulating (samuddana), and it is said to be in the sense of moistening (kiledana) and wetting (temana). 'For the most part' (yebhuyyena) means excluding the noble disciples. 'Moistened' (samunna) means soiled, wet, and submerged. The passage beginning 'Tantākulakajātā' has already been explained in detail below. 'One who has abandoned death' (maccujaho) means one who stands having abandoned the three kinds of death. 'Without acquisitions' (nirupadhi) means without the three acquisitions. 'For no future existence' (apunabbhavāya) means for the sake of Nibbāna. 'He bewildered the King of Death' (amohayī maccurājaṃ) means he departed having bewildered the King of Death so that he would not know his destination. The third discourse is in the same way as has been stated.

၄-၆. ခီရရုက္ခောပမသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

4-6. Commentary on the Discourses Beginning with the Simile of the Milk-Tree

၂၃၁-၂၃၃. စတုတ္ထေ အပ္ပဟီနဋ္ဌေန အတ္ထိ, တေနေဝါဟ သော အပ္ပဟီနောတိ. ပရိတ္တာတိ, ပဗ္ဗတမတ္တမ္ပိ ရူပံ အနိဋ္ဌံ အရဇနီယံ ပရိတ္တံ နာမ ဟောတိ, ဧဝရူပါပိဿ ရူပါ စိတ္တံ ပရိယာဒိယန္တီတိ ဒဿေတိ. ကော ပန ဝါဒေါ အဓိမတ္တာနန္တိ ဣဋ္ဌာရမ္မဏံ ပနဿ ရဇနီယံ ဝတ္ထု စိတ္တံ ပရိယာဒိယတီတိ ဧတ္ထ ကာ ကထာ? ဧတ္ထ စ နခပိဋ္ဌိပမာဏမ္ပိ မဏိမုတ္တာဒိ ရဇနီယံ ဝတ္ထု အဓိမတ္တာရမ္မဏမေဝါတိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ. ဒဟရောတိအာဒီနိ တီဏိပိ အညမညဝေဝစနာနေဝ. အာဘိန္ဒေယျာတိ ပဟရေယျ ပဒါလေယျ ဝါ. ပဉ္စမေ တဒုဘယန္တိ တံ ဥဘယံ. ဆဋ္ဌံ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

In the fourth discourse: 'There is' (atthi) in the sense of not having been abandoned; therefore, He said, 'it has not been abandoned by him' (so appahīno). Regarding 'trifling' (paritta): even a form the size of a mountain, if it is undesirable and unenticing, is called 'trifling'. It is shown that even such forms can overwhelm the mind of one whose defilements are not abandoned. What then is to be said of excessive things? What is there to say here that a desirable and enticing object overwhelms his mind? And here, even an object the size of a fingernail, like a gem or pearl, if it is enticing, should be understood as an excessively captivating object. The three terms beginning with 'daharo' are synonyms for one another. 'Ābhindeyyāti' means one should strike or break apart. In the fifth discourse, 'tadubhayanti' means those two. The sixth discourse is self-explanatory.

၇. ဥဒါယီသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

7. Commentary on the Udāyī Discourse

၂၃၄. သတ္တမေ အနေကပရိယာယေနာတိ အနေကေဟိ ကာရဏေဟိ. ဣတိပါယန္တိ ဣတိပိ အယံ. ဣမသ္မိံ သုတ္တေ အနိစ္စေန အနတ္တလက္ခဏံ ကထိတံ.

234. In the seventh discourse: 'In many ways' (anekapariyāyena) means for many reasons. 'Itipāyaṃ' is a contraction of 'iti pi ayaṃ' (for this reason also, this...). In this discourse, the characteristic of not-self is taught by means of impermanence.

၈. အာဒိတ္တပရိယာယသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

8. Commentary on the Fire Sermon

၂၃၅. အဋ္ဌမေ အနုဗျဉ္ဇနသော နိမိတ္တဂ္ဂါဟောတိ ‘‘ဟတ္ထာ သောဘနာ ပါဒါ သောဘနာ’’တိ ဧဝံ အနုဗျဉ္ဇနဝသေန နိမိတ္တဂ္ဂါဟော. နိမိတ္တဂ္ဂါဟောတိ ဟိ [Pg.51] သံသန္ဒေတွာ ဂဟဏံ, အနုဗျဉ္ဇနဂ္ဂါဟောတိ ဝိဘတ္တိဂဟဏံ. နိမိတ္တဂ္ဂါဟော ကုမ္ဘီလသဒိသော သဗ္ဗမေဝ ဂဏှာတိ, အနုဗျဉ္ဇနဂ္ဂါဟော ရတ္တပါသဒိသော ဝိဘဇိတွာ ဟတ္ထပါဒါဒီသု တံ တံ ကောဋ္ဌာသံ. ဣမေ ပန ဒွေ ဂါဟာ ဧကဇဝနဝါရေပိ လဗ္ဘန္တိ, နာနာဇဝနဝါရေ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗမေဝ နတ္ထိ.

235. In the eighth discourse: 'Grasping the sign by way of its details' (anubyañjanaso nimittaggāho) is grasping the sign by way of its details, as in, 'The hands are beautiful, the feet are beautiful.' 'Grasping the sign' (nimittaggāho) is grasping by combining, while 'grasping the details' (anubyañjanaggāho) is grasping by distinguishing. Grasping the sign is like a crocodile, which seizes everything at once. Grasping the details is like a leech, which, having distinguished them, takes this or that part among the hands, feet, and so on. These two kinds of grasping can be obtained even in a single javana-process; there is nothing to be said about them occurring in different javana-processes.

နိမိတ္တဿာဒဂထိတန္တိ နိမိတ္တဿာဒေန ဂန္ထိတံ ဗဒ္ဓံ. ဝိညာဏန္တိ ကမ္မဝိညာဏံ. တသ္မိံ စေ သမယေ ကာလံ ကရေယျာတိ န ကောစိ သံကိလိဋ္ဌေန စိတ္တေန ကာလံ ကရောန္တော နာမ အတ္ထိ. သဗ္ဗသတ္တာနဉှိ ဘဝင်္ဂေနေဝ ကာလကိရိယာ ဟောတိ. ကိလေသဘယံ ပန ဒဿေန္တော ဧဝမာဟ. သမယဝသေန ဝါ ဧဝံ ဝုတ္တံ. စက္ခုဒွါရသ္မိဉှိ အာပါထဂတေ အာရမ္မဏေ ရတ္တစိတ္တံ ဝါ ဒုဋ္ဌစိတ္တံ ဝါ မူဠှစိတ္တံ ဝါ အာရမ္မဏရသံ အနုဘဝိတွာ ဘဝင်္ဂံ ဩတရတိ, ဘဝင်္ဂေ ဌတွာ ကာလကိရိယံ ကရောတိ. တသ္မိံ သမယေ ကာလံ ကရောန္တဿ ဒွေဝ ဂတိယော ပါဋိကင်္ခါ, ဣမဿ သမယဿ ဝသေနေတံ ဝုတ္တံ.

'Bound by delight in the sign' (nimittassādagathitaṃ) means fettered and bound by delight in the sign. 'Consciousness' (viññāṇaṃ) means kamma-consciousness. Regarding the phrase, 'If one were to die at that time' (tasmiṃ ce samaye kālaṃ kareyya): there is no one who dies with a defiled mind. For the death of all beings occurs only with the life-continuum (bhavaṅga). However, He said this to show the danger of the defilements. Alternatively, it was said this way with regard to the occasion. For when an object comes into range at the eye-door, a mind with lust, hate, or delusion, having experienced the taste of the object, descends into the life-continuum. Having stood in the life-continuum, the act of dying occurs. For one dying at that time, only two destinations are to be expected. This was said with reference to this occasion.

ဣမံ ခွာဟံ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, အာဒီနဝန္တိ ဣမံ အနေကာနိ ဝဿသတသဟဿာနိ နိရယေ အနုဘဝိတဗ္ဗံ ဒုက္ခံ သမ္ပဿမာနော ဧဝံ ဝဒါမိ တတ္တာယ အယောသလာကာယ အက္ခီနိ အဉ္ဇာပေတုကာမောတိ. ဣမိနာ နယေန သဗ္ဗတ္ထ အတ္ထော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. အယောသင်္ကုနာတိ အယသူလေန. သမ္ပလိမဋ္ဌန္တိ ဒွေပိ ကဏ္ဏစ္ဆိဒ္ဒါနိ ဝိနိဝိဇ္ဈိတွာ ပထဝိယံ အာကောဋနဝသေန သမ္ပလိမဋ္ဌံ.

Regarding 'Seeing this danger, monks, I...' (Imaṃ khvāhaṃ, bhikkhave, ādīnavaṃ): Seeing this suffering to be experienced in hell for many hundreds of thousands of years, I speak thus. It should be understood as, 'wishing to have the eyes seared by a heated iron rod.' The meaning should be understood in this way throughout. 'With an iron stake' (ayosaṅkunā) means with an iron spike. 'Crushed' (sampalimaṭṭhaṃ) means having pierced both ear-holes, it is crushed by means of being hammered into the ground.

တတိယဝါရေ သမ္ပလိမဋ္ဌန္တိ နခစ္ဆေဒနံ ပဝေသေတွာ ဥက္ခိပိတွာ သဟဓုနဋ္ဌေန ဆိန္ဒိတွာ ပါတနဝသေန သမ္ပလိမဋ္ဌံ. စတုတ္ထဝါရေ သမ္ပလိမဋ္ဌန္တိ ဗန္ဓနမူလံ ဆေတွာ ပါတနဝသေန သမ္ပလိမဋ္ဌံ. ပဉ္စမဝါရေ သမ္ပလိမဋ္ဌန္တိ တိခိဏာယ သတ္တိယာ ကာယပသာဒံ ဥပ္ပာဋေတွာ ပတနဝသေန သမ္ပလိမဋ္ဌံ. သတ္တိယာတိ ဧတ္ထ မဟတီ ဒဏ္ဍကဝါသိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ. သောတ္တန္တိ နိပဇ္ဇိတွာ နိဒ္ဒေါက္ကမနံ. ယထာရူပါနံ ဝိတက္ကာနံ ဝသံ ဂတော သံဃံ ဘိန္ဒေယျာတိ ဣမိနာ ဝိတက္ကာနံ ယာဝ သံဃဘေဒါ ပါပကမ္မာဝဟနတာ ဒဿိတာ. သေသမေတ္ထ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

In the third instance, 'crushed' (sampalimaṭṭhaṃ) means it is crushed by means of being thrown down, after inserting a nail-cutter, lifting it, and cutting it together with the septum of the nose. In the fourth instance, 'crushed' (sampalimaṭṭhaṃ) means it is crushed by means of being thrown down, after cutting the root of the tongue. In the fifth instance, 'crushed' (sampalimaṭṭhaṃ) means it is crushed by means of being thrown down, after flaying the body's sensitivity with a sharp spear. Here, 'sattiyā' should be understood as a large pole-axe. 'Sotthiṃ' means entering into sleep after lying down. By the passage, 'Having come under the power of such thoughts, one might split the Saṅgha,' the capacity of wrong thoughts to lead to evil deeds, up to the point of causing a schism in the Saṅgha, is shown. The rest here is self-explanatory.

၉-၁၀. ပဌမဟတ္ထပါဒေါပမသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

9-10. Commentary on the Discourses Beginning with the First Simile of the Hand and Foot.

၂၃၆-၂၃၇. နဝမေ [Pg.52] ဟတ္ထေသု, ဘိက္ခဝေ, သတီတိ ဟတ္ထေသု ဝိဇ္ဇမာနေသု. ဒသမေ န ဟောတီတိ ဝုစ္စမာနေ ဗုဇ္ဈနကာနံ အဇ္ဈာသယဝသေန ဝုတ္တံ. ဒွီသုပိ စေတေသု ဝိပါကသုခဒုက္ခမေဝ ဒဿေတွာ ဝဋ္ဋဝိဝဋ္ဋံ ကထိတန္တိ.

In the ninth discourse, the phrase 'monks, when there are hands' means 'when hands exist'. In the tenth, when it is said 'it is not', this was spoken according to the disposition of those who are to understand. In both these discourses, having shown only the pleasure and pain that are results, the round of existence and that which is free from the round were taught.

သမုဒ္ဒဝဂ္ဂေါ နိဋ္ဌိတော.

The Chapter on the Ocean is concluded.

၁၉. အာသီဝိသဝဂ္ဂေါ

19. The Chapter on the Viper

၁. အာသီဝိသောပမသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

1. Commentary on the Discourse on the Simile of the Viper

၂၃၈. အာသီဝိသဝဂ္ဂဿ ပဌမေ ဘိက္ခူ အာမန္တေသီတိ ဧကစာရိကဒွိစာရိကတိစာရိကစတုစာရိကပဉ္စစာရိကေ သဘာဂဝုတ္တိနော ကာရကေ ယုတ္တပယုတ္တေ သဗ္ဗေပိ ဒုက္ခလက္ခဏကမ္မဋ္ဌာနိကေ ပရိဝါရေတွာ နိသိန္နေ ယောဂါဝစရေ ဘိက္ခူ အာမန္တေသိ. ဣဒဉှိ သုတ္တံ ပုဂ္ဂလဇ္ဈာသယေန ဝုတ္တံ. ပုဂ္ဂလေသုပိ ဝိပဉ္စိတညူနံ ဒိသာဝါသိကာနံ ဒုက္ခလက္ခဏကမ္မဋ္ဌာနိကာနံ ဥပဋ္ဌာနဝေလာယ အာဂန္တွာ သတ္ထာရံ ပရိဝါရေတွာ နိသိန္နာနံ ဝသေန ဝုတ္တံ. ဧဝံ သန္တေပိ ဥဂ္ဃဋိတညူအာဒီနံ စတုန္နမ္ပိ ပုဂ္ဂလာနံ ပစ္စယဘူတမေဝေတံ. ဥဂ္ဃဋိတညူ ပုဂ္ဂလော ဟိ ဣမဿ သုတ္တဿ မာတိကာနိက္ခေပေနေဝ အရဟတ္တံ ပါပုဏိဿတိ, ဝိပဉ္စိတညူ မာတိကာယ ဝိတ္ထာရဘာဇနေန, နေယျပုဂ္ဂလော ဣမမေဝ သုတ္တံ သဇ္ဈာယန္တော ပရိပုစ္ဆန္တော ယောနိသော မနသိကရောန္တော ကလျာဏမိတ္တေ သေဝန္တော ဘဇန္တော ပယိရုပါသန္တော အရဟတ္တံ ပါပုဏိဿတိ. ပဒပရမဿေတံ သုတ္တံ အနာဂတေ ဝါသနာ ဘဝိဿတီတိ ဧဝံ သဗ္ဗေသမ္ပိ ဥပကာရဘာဝံ ဉတွာ ဘဂဝါ သိနေရုံ ဥက္ခိပန္တော ဝိယ အာကာသံ ဝိတ္ထာရေန္တော ဝိယ စက္ကဝါဠပဗ္ဗတံ ကမ္ပေန္တော ဝိယ စ မဟန္တေန ဥဿာဟေန သေယျထာပိ, ဘိက္ခဝေတိ ဣမံ အာသီဝိသောပမသုတ္တံ အာရဘိ.

238. In the first [sutta] of the Chapter on the Viper, [the phrase] 'he addressed the monks' [means]: he addressed the yogāvacara monks who were seated surrounding him—practitioners who were solitary, in pairs, in threes, in fours, or in fives, who had a similar practice, who were diligent and resolute, all of whom were meditators on the characteristic of suffering. For this discourse was spoken according to the disposition of individuals. And among individuals, it was spoken on account of those who understand through detailed explanation, who were residing in various regions, meditators on the characteristic of suffering, who had come at the time of attendance and were seated surrounding the Teacher. Even so, it is a supporting condition for all four types of individuals, beginning with those who understand quickly. Indeed, an individual who understands quickly will attain Arahantship merely by the laying down of the mātikā of this sutta; a person who is to be guided, by reciting this very sutta, questioning, reflecting wisely, attending, frequenting, and waiting upon good friends, will attain Arahantship. For the person for whom the words are the highest attainment, this sutta will become a latent tendency in the future. Thus, knowing it to be beneficial for all, the Blessed One, with great effort—as if lifting Mount Sineru, as if expanding the sky, as if shaking the Cakkavāḷa mountain range—began this Discourse on the Simile of the Viper with the words, 'Just as, monks...'

တတ္ထ စတ္တာရော အာသီဝိသာတိ ကဋ္ဌမုခေါ, ပူတိမုခေါ, အဂ္ဂိမုခေါ, သတ္ထမုခေါတိ ဣမေ စတ္တာရော. တေသု ကဋ္ဌမုခေန ဒဋ္ဌဿ သကလသရီရံ သုက္ခကဋ္ဌံ ဝိယ ထဒ္ဓံ ဟောတိ, သန္ဓိပဗ္ဗေသု အဓိမတ္တံ အယသူလသမပ္ပိတံ ဝိယ တိဋ္ဌတိ. ပူတိမုခေန ဒဋ္ဌဿ ပက္ကပူတိပနသံ ဝိယ ဝိပုဗ္ဗကဘာဝံ အာပဇ္ဇိတွာ ပဂ္ဃရတိ[Pg.53], စင်္ဂဝါရေ ပက္ခိတ္တဥဒကံ ဝိယ ဟောတိ. အဂ္ဂိမုခေန ဒဋ္ဌဿ သကလသရီရံ ဈာယိတွာ ဘသ္မမုဋ္ဌိ ဝိယ ထုသမုဋ္ဌိ ဝိယ စ ဝိပ္ပကိရီယတိ. သတ္တမုခေန ဒဋ္ဌဿ သကလသရီရံ ဘိဇ္ဇတိ, အသနိပါတဋ္ဌာနံ ဝိယ မဟာနိခါဒနေန ခတသန္ဓိမုခံ ဝိယ စ ဟောတိ. ဧဝံ ဝိသဝသေန ဝိဘတ္တာ စတ္တာရော အာသီဝိသာ.

Here, the four vipers are: the wooden-mouthed, the putrid-mouthed, the fire-mouthed, and the weapon-mouthed. When bitten by the wooden-mouthed viper, the entire body becomes stiff like dry wood, and at the joints, it is exceedingly fixed as if pierced by an iron spike. When bitten by the putrid-mouthed viper, the body reaches a state of putrefaction like a ripe, putrid jackfruit and oozes, becoming like water poured into a filter cloth. When bitten by the fire-mouthed viper, the entire body is burnt up and scatters like a handful of ashes or a handful of husks. When bitten by the weapon-mouthed viper, the whole body splits apart, like a place struck by lightning or like a joint-opening carved out by a large chisel. Thus, the four vipers are distinguished by their venom.

ဝိသဝေဂဝိကာရေန ပနေတေ သောဠသ ဟောန္တိ. ကဋ္ဌမုခေါ ဟိ ဒဋ္ဌဝိသော, ဒိဋ္ဌဝိသော, ဖုဋ္ဌဝိသော, ဝါတဝိသောတိ စတုဗ္ဗိဓော ဟောတိ. တေန ဟိ ဒဋ္ဌမ္ပိ ဒိဋ္ဌမ္ပိ ဖုဋ္ဌမ္ပိ တဿ ဝါတေန ပဟဋမ္ပိ သရီရံ ဝုတ္တပ္ပကာရေန ထဒ္ဓံ ဟောတိ. သေသေသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယောတိ. ဧဝံ ဝိသဝေဂဝိကာရဝသေန သောဠသ ဟောန္တိ.

Moreover, due to the variations in venom potency, these become sixteen. For the wooden-mouthed viper is fourfold: that with bite-venom, sight-venom, touch-venom, and wind-venom. Thus, whether one is bitten, seen, touched, or struck by its wind, the body becomes rigid as described above. The same principle applies to the rest. In this way, due to the variations in venom potency, there are sixteen.

ပုန ပုဂ္ဂလပဏ္ဏတ္တိဝသေန စတုသဋ္ဌိ ဟောန္တိ. ကထံ? ကဋ္ဌမုခေသု တာဝ ဒဋ္ဌဝိသော စ အာဂတဝိသော နော ဃောရဝိသော, ဃောရဝိသော နော အာဂတဝိသော, အာဂတဝိသော စေဝ ဃောရဝိသော စ, နေဝါဂတဝိသော န ဃောရဝိသောတိ စတုဗ္ဗိဓော ဟောတိ. တတ္ထ ယဿ ဝိသံ သမ္ပဇ္ဇလိတတိဏုက္ကာယ အဂ္ဂိ ဝိယ သီဃံ အဘိရုဟိတွာ အက္ခီနိ ဂဟေတွာ ခန္ဓံ ဂဟေတွာ သီသံ ဂဟေတွာ ဌိတန္တိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗတံ အာပဇ္ဇတိ မဏိသပ္ပာဒီနံ ဝိသံ ဝိယ, မန္တံ ပန ပရိဝတ္တေတွာ ကဏ္ဏဝါတံ ဒတွာ ဒဏ္ဍကေန ပဟဋမတ္တေ ဩတရိတွာ ဒဋ္ဌဋ္ဌာနေယေဝ တိဋ္ဌတိ, အယံ အာဂတဝိသော နော ဃောရဝိသော နာမ. ယဿ ပန ဝိသံ သဏိကံ အဘိရုဟတိ, အာရုဠှာရုဠှဋ္ဌာနေ ပန အယံ သီတဥဒကံ ဝိယ ဟောတိ ဥဒကသပ္ပာဒီနံ ဝိသံ ဝိယ, ဒွါဒသဝဿစ္စယေနာပိ ကဏ္ဏပိဋ္ဌိခန္ဓပိဋ္ဌိကာဒီသု ဂဏ္ဍပိဠကာဒိဝသေန ပညာယတိ, မန္တပရိဝတ္တနာဒီသု စ ကယိရမာနာသု သီဃံ န ဩတရတိ, အယံ ဃောရဝိသော နော အာဂတဝိသော နာမ. ယဿ ပန ဝိသံ သီဃံ အဘိရုဟတိ, န သီဃံ ဩတရတိ အနေဠကသပ္ပာဒီနံ ဝိသံ ဝိယ, အယံ အာဂတဝိသော စေဝ ဃောရဝိသော စ. ယဿ ပန ဝိသံ မန္ဒံ ဟောတိ, ဩတာရိယမာနမ္ပိ သုခေနေဝ ဩတရတိ နီလသပ္ပဓမ္မနိသပ္ပာဒီနံ ဝိသံ ဝိယ, အယံ နေဝါဂတဝိသော န ဃောရဝိသော နာမ. ဣမိနာ ဥပါယေန ကဋ္ဌမုခေ ဒဋ္ဌဝိသာဒယော ပူတိမုခါဒီသု စ ဒဋ္ဌဝိသာဒယော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာတိ. ဧဝံ ပုဂ္ဂလပဏ္ဏတ္တိဝသေန စတုသဋ္ဌိ.

Furthermore, by way of individual designation, they become sixty-four. How? In the case of the wooden-mouthed vipers, the bite-venom, for instance, is fourfold: that with swift but not fierce venom; that with fierce but not swift venom; that with venom that is both swift and fierce; and that with venom that is neither swift nor fierce. Here, the venom of a snake that ascends swiftly like the fire of a blazing grass torch, seizing the eyes, shoulders, and head—like the venom of jeweled snakes, etc.—but which, when a mantra is repeatedly applied, 'ear-wind' is given, and it is merely struck with a stick, subsides and remains only at the site of the bite: this is called 'swift but not fierce venom'. The venom of a snake that ascends slowly, but in every place it has ascended is like cold water—like the venom of water snakes, etc.—and which may manifest even after twelve years as boils, sores, etc., on the back of the ears, the back of the neck, etc., and does not quickly subside even when mantras are applied: this is called 'fierce but not swift venom'. The venom of a snake that ascends swiftly but does not subside swiftly—like the venom of aneḷaka snakes, etc.: this is called 'venom that is both swift and fierce'. The venom of a snake that is slow and, when treated, subsides with ease—like the venom of blue snakes, dhammanī snakes, etc.: this is called 'venom that is neither swift nor fierce'. By this method, the types beginning with bite-venom for the wooden-mouthed viper, and the types beginning with bite-venom for the putrid-mouthed vipers and others, should be understood. Thus, by way of individual designation, there are sixty-four.

တေသု [Pg.54] ‘‘အဏ္ဍဇာ နာဂါ’’တိအာဒိနာ (သံ. နိ. ၃.၃၄၂-၃၄၄) ယောနိဝသေန ဧကေကံ စတုဓာ ဝိဘဇိတွာ ဆပဏ္ဏာသာဓိကာနိ ဒွေ သတာနိ ဟောန္တိ. တေ ဇလဇာထလဇာတိ ဒွိဂုဏိတာ ဒွါဒသာဓိကာနိ ပဉ္စသတာနိ ဟောန္တိ, တေ ကာမရူပအကာမရူပါနံ ဝသေန ဒွိဂုဏိတာ စတုဝီသာဓိကသဟဿသင်္ခါ ဟောန္တိ. ပုန ဂတမဂ္ဂဿ ပဋိလောမတော သံခိပ္ပမာနာ ကဋ္ဌမုခါဒိဝသေန စတ္တာရောဝ ဟောန္တီတိ. တေ သန္ဓာယ ဘဂဝါ ‘‘သေယျထာပိ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, စတ္တာရော အာသီဝိသာ’’တိ အာဟ. ကုလဝသေန ဟိ ဧတေ ဂဟိတာ.

Among these [sixty-four], by dividing each one into four based on origin, according to the text beginning 'egg-born nāgas', they become two hundred and fifty-six. When these are doubled for water-born and land-born, they become five hundred and twelve. When these are doubled by way of those who can create forms at will and those who cannot, they are numbered as one thousand and twenty-four. Again, when condensed by reversing the path taken, they become just four, by way of the wooden-mouthed and so on. It was with reference to these that the Blessed One said, 'Just as, monks, there are four vipers.' For these were taken by way of their clan.

တတ္ထ အာသီဝိသာတိ အာသိတ္တဝိသာတိပိ အာသီဝိသာ, အသိတဝိသာတိပိ အာသီဝိသာ, အသိသဒိသဝိသာတိပိ အာသီဝိသာ. အာသိတ္တဝိသာတိ သကလကာယေ အာသိဉ္စိတွာ ဝိယ ဌပိတဝိသာ, ပရဿ စ အတ္တနော သရီရေ စ အာသိဉ္စနဝိသာတိ အတ္ထော. အသိတဝိသာတိ ယံ ယံ ဧတေဟိ အသိတံ ဟောတိ ပရိဘုတ္တံ, တံ တံ ဝိသမေဝ သမ္ပဇ္ဇတိ, တသ္မာ အသိတံ ဝိသံ ဟောတိ ဧတေသန္တိ အာသီဝိသာ. အသိသဒိသဝိသာတိ အသိဝိယ တိခိဏံ ပရမမ္မစ္ဆေဒနသမတ္ထံ ဝိသံ ဧတေသန္တိ အာသီဝိသာတိ ဧဝမေတ္ထ ဝစနတ္ထော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. ဥဂ္ဂတေဇာတိ ဥဂ္ဂတတေဇာ ဗလဝတေဇာ. ဃောရဝိသာတိ ဒုန္နိမ္မဒ္ဒနဝိသာ.

Herein, regarding `āsīvisa`: they are called `āsīvisa` because they have 'poured venom' (`āsittavisā`); they are also called `āsīvisa` because they have 'eaten venom' (`asitavisā`); and they are also called `āsīvisa` because they have 'sword-like venom' (`asisadisavisā`). 'Poured venom' means having venom established as if poured over the entire body; the meaning is having venom for pouring onto another's body and one's own. 'Eaten venom' means that whatever is eaten or consumed by them becomes venom itself; therefore, for them, what is eaten becomes venom, hence they are `āsīvisa`. 'Sword-like venom' means they have venom that is sharp like a sword, capable of severing the most vital parts of the body, hence they are `āsīvisa`. In this way, the meaning of the word should be understood here. `Uggatejā` means having arisen power, having mighty power. `Ghoravisā` means having venom that is difficult to suppress.

ဧဝံ ဝဒေယျုန္တိ ပဋိဇဂ္ဂါပနတ္ထံ ဧဝံ ဝဒေယျုံ. ရာဇာနော ဟိ အာသီဝိသေ ဂါဟာပေတွာ – ‘‘တထာရူပေ စောရေ ဝါ ဧတေဟိ ဍံသာပေတွာ မာရေဿာမ, နဂရူပရောဓကာလေ ပရသေနာယ ဝါ တံ ခိပိဿာမ, ပရဗလံ နိမ္မဒ္ဒေတုံ အသက္ကောန္တာ သုဘောဇနံ ဘုဉ္ဇိတွာ ဝရသယနံ အာရုယှ ဧတေဟိ အတ္တာနံ ဍံသာပေတွာ သတ္တူနံ ဝသံ အနာဂစ္ဆန္တာ အတ္တနော ရုစိယာ မရိဿာမာ’’တိ အာသီဝိသေ ဇဂ္ဂါပေန္တိ. တေ ယံ စောရံ သဟသာဝ မာရေတုံ န ဣစ္ဆန္တိ, ‘‘ဧဝမေတေ ဒီဃရတ္တံ ဒုက္ခပ္ပတ္တော ဟုတွာ မရိဿန္တီ’’တိ ဣစ္ဆန္တာ တံ ပုရိသံ ဧဝံ ဝဒန္တိ ဣမေ တေ အမ္ဘော ပုရိသ စတ္တာရော အာသီဝိသာတိ.

‘Thus they would speak’ means they would speak thus for the purpose of making him tend to them. Indeed, kings, having had vipers caught, rear them, thinking: ‘We will have thieves who deserve such a fate bitten by these and killed; or, during a city siege, we will hurl them at the enemy army; or, being unable to crush the enemy’s force, after enjoying a fine meal and ascending a luxurious bed, we will have ourselves bitten by these and, not falling under the control of our enemies, we will die according to our own wish.’ Those kings who do not wish to kill a certain thief immediately, but desire, ‘Thus, having experienced suffering for a long time, he will die,’ they say to that man: ‘Friend man, these are your four vipers.’

တတ္ထ ကာလေန ကာလန္တိ ကာလေ ကာလေ. သံဝေသေတဗ္ဗာတိ နိပဇ္ဇာပေတဗ္ဗာ. အညတရော ဝါ အညတရော ဝါတိ ကဋ္ဌမုခါဒီသု ယော ကောစိ. ယံ တေ အမ္ဘော ပုရိသ ကရဏီယံ, တံ ကရောဟီတိ ဣဒံ အတ္ထစရကဿ ဝစနံ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ. တဿ ကိရ ပုရိသဿ ဧဝံ အာသီဝိသေ ပဋိပါဒေတွာ ‘အယံ ဝေါ ဥပဋ္ဌာကော’တိ စတူသု ပေဠာသု ဌပိတာနံ အာသီဝိသာနံ အာရောစေန္တိ. အထေကော နိက္ခမိတွာ အာဂမ္မ တဿ ပုရိသဿ ဒက္ခိဏပါဒါနုသာရေန အဘိရုဟိတွာ [Pg.55] ဒက္ခိဏဟတ္ထံ မဏိဗန္ဓတော ပဋ္ဌာယ ဝေဌေတွာ ဒက္ခိဏကဏ္ဏသောတမူလေ ဖဏံ ကတွာ သုသူတိ ကရောန္တော နိပဇ္ဇိ. အပရော ဝါမပါဒါနုသာရေန အဘိရုဟိတွာ တထေဝ ဝါမဟတ္ထံ ဝေဌေတွာ ဝါမကဏ္ဏသောတမူလေ ဖဏံ ကတွာ သုသူတိ ကရောန္တော နိပဇ္ဇိ, တတိယော နိက္ခမိတွာ အဘိမုခံ အဘိရုဟိတွာ ကုစ္ဆိံ ဝေဌေတွာ ဂလဝါဋကမူလေ ဖဏံ ကတွာ သုသူတိ ကရောန္တော နိပဇ္ဇိ, စတုတ္ထော ပိဋ္ဌိဘာဂေန အဘိရုဟိတွာ ဂီဝံ ဝေဌေတွာ ဥပရိမုဒ္ဓနိ ဖဏံ ဌပေတွာ သုသူတိ ကရောန္တော နိပဇ္ဇိ.

Herein, ‘from time to time’ means on occasion. ‘They should be made to lie down’ means they should be made to sleep. ‘One or another’ means any one among those such as the `kaṭṭhamukha` snakes. ‘Friend man, do what needs to be done by you’—this should be understood as the words of one who acts for his welfare. It is said that having thus handed over the vipers to that man, they announce to the vipers placed in four baskets, ‘This is your attendant.’ Then one snake, coming out and approaching, climbs up along the man’s right leg, coils around his right hand starting from the wrist, and, making its hood at the base of his right ear, lies down hissing. Another climbs up along his left leg, coils around his left hand in the same way, and, making its hood at the base of his left ear, lies down hissing. A third, coming out, climbs up from the front, coils around his belly, and, making its hood at the base of his throat, lies down hissing. A fourth climbs up his back, coils around his neck, and, placing its hood on top of his head, lies down hissing.

ဧဝံ စတူသု အာသီဝိသေသု သရီရဋ္ဌကေသုယေဝ ဇာတေသု ဧကော တဿ ပုရိသဿ အတ္ထစရကပုရိသော တံ ဒိသွာ ‘‘ကိံ တေ, ဘော ပုရိသ, လဒ္ဓ’’န္တိ, ပုစ္ဆိ. တတော တေန ‘‘ဣမေ မေ, ဘော, ဟတ္ထေသု ဟတ္ထကဋကံ ဝိယ ဗာဟာသု ကေယူရံ ဝိယ ကုစ္ဆိမှိ ကုစ္ဆိဝေဌနသာဋကော ဝိယ ကဏ္ဏေသု ကဏ္ဏစူဠိကာ ဝိယ ဂလေ မုတ္တာဝလိယော ဝိယ သီသေ သီသပသာဓနံ ဝိယ ကေစိ အလင်္ကာရဝိသေသာ ရညာ ဒိန္နာ’’တိ ဝုတ္တေ သော အာဟ – ‘‘ဘော အန္ဓဗာလ, မာ ဧဝံ မညိတ္ထ ‘ရညာ မေ တုဋ္ဌေနေတံ ပသာဓနံ ဒိန္န’န္တိ. တွံ ရညော အာဂုစာရီ စောရော, ဣမေ စ စတ္တာရော အာသီဝိသာ ဒုရုပဋ္ဌာဟာ ဒုပ္ပဋိဇဂ္ဂိယာ, ဧကသ္မိံ ဥဋ္ဌာတုကာမေ ဧကော နှာယိတုကာမော ဟောတိ, ဧကသ္မိံ နှာယိတုကာမေ ဧကော ဘုဉ္ဇိတုကာမော, ဧကသ္မိံ ဘုဉ္ဇိတုကာမေ ဧကော နိပဇ္ဇိတုကာမော. တေသု ယဿေဝ ဣစ္ဆာ န ပူရတိ, သော တတ္ထေဝ ဍံသိတွာ မာရေတီ’’တိ. အတ္ထိ ပန, ဘော, ဧဝံ သန္တေ ကောစိ သောတ္ထိမဂ္ဂေါတိ? အာမ, ရာဇပုရိသာနံ ဝိက္ခိတ္တဘာဝံ ဉတွာ ပလာယနံ သောတ္ထိဘာဝေါတိ ဝတွာ ‘‘ယံ တေ ကရဏီယံ, တံ ကရောဟီ’’တိ ဝဒေယျ.

When the four vipers were thus established on his body, a certain man who acted for his welfare saw him and asked, ‘Friend man, what have you received?’ When he replied, ‘Friend, these are certain special ornaments given by the king: like bracelets on my hands, like armlets on my arms, like a decorative waist-cloth on my belly, like ear-pendants in my ears, like strings of pearls on my neck, and like a head-ornament on my head,’ the other said: ‘O blind fool, do not think, “The king, being pleased with me, has given me this adornment.” You are a thief, a wrongdoer against the king, and these four vipers are difficult to attend to and difficult to look after. When one wishes to get up, another wishes to bathe; when one wishes to bathe, another wishes to eat; when one wishes to eat, another wishes to lie down. Among them, whichever one’s desire is not fulfilled, that one will bite you right there and kill you.’ ‘This being so, sir, is there any path to safety?’ ‘Yes, knowing that the king’s men are distracted, fleeing is the way to safety.’ Having said this, he would add, ‘Do what you must do.’

တံ သုတွာ ဣတရော စတုန္နံ အာသီဝိသာနံ ပမာဒက္ခဏံ ရာဇပုရိသေဟိ စ ပဝိဝိတ္တံ ဒိသွာ, ဝါမဟတ္ထေန ဒက္ခိဏဟတ္ထံ ဝေဌေတွာ, ဒက္ခိဏကဏ္ဏစူဠိကာယ ဖဏံ ဌပေတွာ, သယိတာသီဝိသဿ သရီရံ ပရိမဇ္ဇန္တော ဝိယ သဏိကံ တံ အပနေတွာ, ဧတေနေဝ ဥပါယေန သေသေပိ အပနေတွာ တေသံ ဘီတော ပလာယေယျ. အထ နံ တေ အာသီဝိသာ ‘‘အယံ အမှာကံ ရညာ ဥပဋ္ဌာကော ဒိန္နော’’တိ အနုဗန္ဓမာနာ အာဂစ္ဆေယျုံ. ဣဒံ သန္ဓာယ အထ ခေါ သော, ဘိက္ခဝေ, ပုရိသော ဘီတော စတုန္နံ အာသီဝိသာနံ…ပေ… ပလာယေထာတိ ဝုတ္တံ.

Hearing this, the other man, seeing a moment of heedlessness on the part of the four vipers and a place secluded from the king’s men, gently removed with his left hand the sleeping viper—the one that had coiled around his right hand and placed its hood at his right ear-pendant—as if stroking its body. By this same method, he removed the remaining ones as well and, frightened of them, he would flee. Then those vipers, pursuing him, would come after him, thinking, ‘This attendant was given to us by the king.’ With reference to this, it was said: ‘Then, monks, that man, frightened of the four vipers… would flee.’

တသ္မိံ ပန ပုရိသေ ဧဝံ အာဂတမဂ္ဂံ ဩလောကေတွာ ဩလောကေတွာ ပလာယန္တေ ရာဇာ ‘‘ပလာတော သော ပုရိသော’’တိ သုတွာ ‘‘ကော နု ခေါ တံ အနုဗန္ဓိတွာ ဃာတေတုံ သက္ခိဿတီ’’တိ ဝိစိနန္တော တဿေဝ ပစ္စတ္ထိကေ ပဉ္စ [Pg.56] ဇနေ လဘိတွာ ‘‘ဂစ္ဆထ နံ အနုဗန္ဓိတွာ ဃာတေထာ’’တိ ပေသေယျ. အထဿ အတ္ထစရာ ပုရိသာ တံ ပဝတ္တိံ ဉတွာ အာရောစေယျုံ. သော ဘိယျောသောမတ္တာယ ဘီတော ပလာယေထ. ဣမမတ္ထံ သန္ဓာယ တမေနံ ဧဝံ ဝဒေယျုန္တိအာဒိ ဝုတ္တံ.

But while that man was fleeing, looking back again and again at the path he had come, the king, hearing, ‘That man has fled,’ would search, thinking, ‘Who now will be able to pursue and kill him?’ Finding five enemies of that very man, he would send them, saying, ‘Go, pursue and kill him.’ Then, men acting for his welfare, learning of that event, would inform him. He, frightened beyond measure, would flee. With reference to this meaning, the passage beginning ‘They would speak to him thus…’ was said.

ဆဋ္ဌော အန္တရစရော ဝဓကောတိ ‘‘ပဌမံ အာသီဝိသေဟိ အနုဗဒ္ဓေါ ဣတော စိတော စ တေ ဝဉ္စေန္တော ပလာယိ, ဣဒါနိ ပဉ္စဟိ ပစ္စတ္ထိကေဟိ အနုဗဒ္ဓေါ သုဋ္ဌုတရံ ပလာယတိ, န သက္ကာ သော ဧဝံ ဂဟေတုံ, ဥပလာဠနာယ ပန သက္ကာ, တသ္မာ ဒဟရကာလတော ပဋ္ဌာယ ဧကတော ခါဒိတွာ စ ပိဝိတွာ စ သန္ထဝံ အန္တရစရံ ဝဓကမဿ ပေသေထာ’’တိ အမစ္စေဟိ ဝုတ္တေန ရညာ ပရိယေသိတွာ ပေသိတော အန္တရစရော ဝဓကော.

‘The sixth is an internal killer’ refers to the internal killer sent by the king after a search, based on what was said by his ministers: ‘First, pursued by the vipers, he fled here and there, deceiving them. Now, pursued by five enemies, he flees even more desperately. He cannot be caught in this way, but he can be caught through enticement. Therefore, send to him an internal killer, an intimate acquaintance who has eaten and drunk together with him since they were young.’

သော ပဿေယျ သုညံ ဂါမန္တိ နိဝတ္တိတွာ ဩလောကေန္တော ပဒံ ဃာယိတွာ ဃာယိတွာ ဝေဂေနာဂစ္ဆန္တေ စတ္တာရော အာသီဝိသေ ပဉ္စ ဝဓကေ ပစ္စတ္ထိကေ ဆဋ္ဌဉ္စ အန္တရစရံ ဝဓကံ ‘‘နိဝတ္တ ဘော, မာ ပလာယိ, ပုတ္တဒါရေန သဒ္ဓိံ ကာမေ ပရိဘုဉ္ဇန္တော သုခံ ဝသိဿသီ’’တိ ဝတွာ အာဂစ္ဆန္တံ ဒိသွာ, ဘိယျောသောမတ္တာယ ယေန ဝါ တေန ဝါ ပလာယန္တော ပစ္စန္တရဋ္ဌေ အဘိမုခဂတံ ဧကံ ဆကုဋိကံ သုညံ ဂါမံ ပဿေယျ. ရိတ္တကညေဝ ပဝိသေယျာတိ ဓနဓညမဉ္စပီဌာဒီဟိ ဝိရဟိတတ္တာ ရိတ္တကညေဝ ပဝိသေယျ. တုစ္ဆကံ သုညကန္တိ ဧတဿေဝ ဝေဝစနံ. ပရိမသေယျာတိ ‘‘သစေ ပါနီယံ ဘဝိဿတိ, ပိဝိဿာမိ, သစေ ဘတ္တံ ဘဝိဿတိ, ဘုဉ္ဇိဿာမီ’’တိ ဘာဇနံ ဝိဝရိတွာ ဟတ္ထံ အန္တော ပဝေသေတွာ ပရိမသေယျ.

He would see an empty village means that, while fleeing, turning back and looking, smelling the tracks again and again, and seeing four venomous snakes, five executioner-enemies, and a sixth, an internal executioner, coming with speed and approaching saying, “Turn back, friend, do not flee! Enjoying sensual pleasures with your wife and children, you will live happily,” he would flee to an even greater degree in any direction whatsoever and would see a deserted village with six huts that he had come upon in a border region. He would enter it, it being truly empty means that because it was devoid of wealth, grain, beds, seats, and so on, he would enter it, it being truly empty. Void and empty are synonyms for this. He would feel around means that thinking, “If there is water, I will drink; if there is food, I will eat,” he would open a vessel, put his hand inside, and feel around.

တမေနံ ဧဝံ ဝဒေယျုန္တိ ဆန္နံ ဃရာနံ ဧကဃရေပိ ကိဉ္စိ အလဘိတွာ ဂါမမဇ္ဈေ ဧကော သန္ဒစ္ဆာယော ရုက္ခော အတ္ထိ, တတ္ထ ဝင်္ကဖလကံ အတ္ထတံ ဒိသွာ, ‘‘ဣဓ တာဝ နိသီဒိဿာမီ’’တိ ဂန္တွာ, တတ္ထ နိသိန္နံ မန္ဒမန္ဒေန ဝါတေန ဗီဇိယမာနံ တတ္တကမတ္တမ္ပိ သုခံ သန္တတော အဿာဒယမာနံ, တမေနံ ပုရိသံ ကေစိဒေဝ အတ္ထစရကာ ဗဟိ ပဝတ္တိံ ဉတွာ အာဂတာ ဧဝံ ဝဒေယျုံ. ဣဒါနိ အမ္ဘော ပုရိသာတိ အမ္ဘော, ပုရိသ, ဣဒါနိ. စောရာ ဂါမဃာတကာတိ ‘‘ယဒေဝေတ္ထ လဘိဿာမ, တံ ဂဏှိဿာမ ဝါ ဃာတေဿာမ ဝါ’’တိ အာဂတာ ဆ ဂါမဃာတကစောရာ.

Then they would say to him thus means that, not having found anything in even one of the six houses, he sees a tree with cool shade in the middle of the village. Seeing a well-shaped plank spread out there, he goes, thinking, “I will sit here for a while.” While he is sitting there, being fanned by a gentle breeze and continuously savoring even that much pleasure, some well-wishers, having learned of the events outside, come and would speak thus to that man. Now, O man means: O man, now. Village-destroying robbers means the six village-destroying robbers who have come thinking, ‘Whatever we find here, we will either take it or we will kill.’”

ဥဒကဏ္ဏဝန္တိ [Pg.57] ဂမ္ဘီရံ ပုထုလံ ဥဒကံ. ဂမ္ဘီရမ္ပိ ဟိ အပုထုလံ, ပုထုလံ ဝါ အဂမ္ဘီရံ, န အဏ္ဏဝေါတိ ဝုစ္စတိ, ယမ္ပန ဂမ္ဘီရဉ္စ ပုထုလဉ္စ, တဿေဝေတံ နာမံ. သာသင်္ကံ သပ္ပဋိဘယန္တိ စတုန္နံ အာသီဝိသာနံ ပဉ္စန္နံ ဝဓကာနံ ဆဋ္ဌဿ အန္တရစရဿ ဆန္နဉ္စ ဂါမဃာတကစောရာနံ ဝသေန သာသင်္ကံ သပ္ပဋိဘယံ. ခေမံ အပ္ပဋိဘယန္တိ တေသံယေဝ အာသီဝိသာဒီနံ အဘာဝေန ခေမဉ္စ နိဗ္ဘယဉ္စ ဝိစိတြဥယျာနဝရံ ဗဟွန္နပါနံ ဒေဝနဂရသဒိသံ. န စဿ နာဝါ သန္တာရဏီတိ ‘‘ဣမာယ နာဝါယ ဩရိမတီရတော ပရတီရံ ဂမိဿန္တီ’’တိ ဧဝံ ဌပိတာ စ သန္တာရဏီ နာဝါ န ဘဝေယျ. ဥတ္တရသေတု ဝါတိ ရုက္ခသေတု-ဇင်္ဃသေတု-သကဋသေတူနံ အညတရော ဥတ္တရသေတု ဝါ န ဘဝေယျ. တိဋ္ဌတိ ဗြာဟ္မဏောတိ န ခေါ ဧသ ဗြာဟ္မဏော. ကသ္မာ နံ ဗြာဟ္မဏောတိ အာဟ? ဧတ္တကာနံ ပစ္စတ္ထိကာနံ ဗာဟိတတ္တာ, ဒေသနံ ဝါ ဝိနိဝတ္တေန္တော ဧကံ ခီဏာသဝဗြာဟ္မဏံ ဒဿေတုမ္ပိ ဧဝမာဟ.

A great body of water means deep and wide water. For what is deep but not wide, or wide but not deep, is not called a great body of water; but that which is both deep and wide, that is its name. Perilous and fearful means that on account of the four venomous snakes, the five executioners, the sixth internal enemy, and the six village-destroying robbers, it is perilous and fearful. Safe and without fear means that due to the absence of those very snakes and so on, it is safe and without fear, with delightful gardens and forests, with abundant food and drink, like a city of the devas. And there was no ferryboat for crossing means there would be no ferryboat placed there for crossing with the thought, “With this boat they will go from this shore to the other shore.” Or a bridge for crossing over means there would not be any kind of bridge for crossing over, among tree-bridges, foot-bridges, or cart-bridges. A brahmin stands: this is not a brahmin in the ultimate sense. Why then is he called a brahmin? Because he has warded off so many enemies, he is called a brahmin. Or, concluding the discourse, the Blessed One also speaks thus to point out a single brahmin who is an Arahant.

တသ္မိံ ပန ဧဝံ ဥတ္တိဏ္ဏေ စတ္တာရော အာသီဝိသာ ‘‘န လဒ္ဓေါ ဝတာသိ အမှေဟိ, အဇ္ဇ တေ မုရုမုရာယ ဇီဝိတံ ခါဒိတွာ ဆဍ္ဍေယျာမ’’. ပဉ္စ ပစ္စတ္ထိကာ ‘‘န လဒ္ဓေါ ဝတာသိ အမှေဟိ, အဇ္ဇ တေ ပရိဝါရေတွာ အင်္ဂမင်္ဂါနိ ဆိန္ဒိတွာ ရညော သန္တိကံ ဂတာ သတံ ဝါ သဟဿံ ဝါ လဘေယျာမ’’. ဆဋ္ဌော အန္တရစရော ‘‘န လဒ္ဓေါ ဝတာသိ မယာ, အဇ္ဇ တေ ဖလိကဝဏ္ဏေန အသိနာ သီသံ ဆိန္ဒိတွာ, သေနာပတိဋ္ဌာနံ လဘိတွာ သမ္ပတ္တိံ အနုဘဝေယျံ’’. ဆ စောရာ ‘‘န လဒ္ဓေါ ဝတာသိ အမှေဟိ, အဇ္ဇ တေ ဝိဝိဓာနိ ကမ္မကာရဏာနိ ကာရေတွာ ဗဟုဓနံ အာဟရာပေဿာမာ’’တိ စိန္တေတွာ, ဥဒကဏ္ဏဝံ ဩတရိတုံ အသက္ကောန္တာ ရညော အာဏာယ ကောပိတတ္တာ ပရတော ဂန္တုမ္ပိ အဝိသဟန္တာ တတ္ထေဝ သုဿိတွာ မရေယျုံ.

But when he had thus crossed over, the four venomous snakes would think: “Alas, you were not caught by us! Today we would have devoured your life with a crunching sound and discarded it.” The five enemies would think: “Alas, you were not caught by us! Today, having surrounded you and cut off your major and minor limbs, we would have gone to the king and received a reward of a hundred or a thousand.” The sixth, the internal enemy, would think: “Alas, you were not caught by me! Today, having cut off your head with a crystal-colored sword, I would have obtained the position of a general and enjoyed its fortune.” The six robbers, thinking, “Alas, you were not caught by us! Today, having made you perform various acts of torment, we would have brought in much wealth,” and being unable to enter the great body of water and not daring to go further because of the king’s command, would dry up from lack of sustenance and die right there.

ဥပမာ ခေါ မျာယန္တိ ဧတ္ထ ဧဝံ အာဒိတော ပဋ္ဌာယ ဩပမ္မသံသန္ဒနံ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ – ရာဇာ ဝိယ ဟိ ကမ္မံ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗံ, ရာဇာပရာဓိကပုရိသော ဝိယ ဝဋ္ဋနိဿိတော ပုထုဇ္ဇနော. စတ္တာရော အာသီဝိသာ ဝိယ စတ္တာရိ မဟာဘူတာနိ, ရညော တဿ စတ္တာရော အာသီဝိသေ ပဋိစ္ဆာပိတကာလော ဝိယ ကမ္မုနာ ပုထုဇ္ဇနဿ ပဋိသန္ဓိက္ခဏေယေဝ စတုန္နံ မဟာဘူတာနံ ဒိန္နကာလော. ‘‘ဣမေသံ အာသီဝိသာနံ ပမာဒက္ခဏေ ရာဇပုရိသာနဉ္စ ဝိဝိတ္တက္ခဏေ နိက္ခမိတွာ ယံ တေ အမ္ဘော, ပုရိသ, ကရဏီယံ, တံ ကရောဟီ’’တိ ဝစနေန ‘‘ပလာယဿူ’’တိ ဝုတ္တကာလော ဝိယ သတ္ထာရာ ဣမဿ ဘိက္ခုနော မဟာဘူတကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ ကထေတွာ [Pg.58] ‘‘ဣမေသု စတူသု မဟာဘူတေသု နိဗ္ဗိန္ဒ ဝိရဇ္ဇ, ဧဝံ ဝဋ္ဋတော ပရိမုစ္စိဿသီ’’တိ ကထိတကာလော, တဿ ပုရိသဿ အတ္ထစရကဝစနံ သုတွာ စတုန္နံ အာသီဝိသာနံ ပမာဒက္ခဏေ ရာဇပုရိသာနဉ္စ ဝိဝိတ္တက္ခဏေ နိက္ခမိတွာ ယေန ဝါ တေန ဝါ ပလာယနံ ဝိယ ဣမဿ ဘိက္ခုနော သတ္ထု သန္တိကေ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ လဘိတွာ မဟာဘူတာသီဝိသေဟိ ပရိမုစ္စနတ္ထာယ ဉာဏပလာယနေန ပလာယနံ.

This is an analogy: here, the correlation of the analogy should be understood from the beginning in this way: Kamma should be seen as the king; the ordinary person who is dependent on the round of existence, as the man who offended the king. The four great elements should be seen as the four venomous snakes. The time when the four great elements are given by kamma to the ordinary person at the very moment of rebirth-linking should be seen as the time when the king entrusted that man with the four venomous snakes. The time when it was said by a well-wisher, “Flee!” with the words, “O man, at a moment when these snakes are heedless and the king’s men are absent, depart and do what you must do,” is like the time when the Teacher, having taught this monk the meditation subject of the great elements, said, “Become disenchanted with these four great elements, become dispassionate; in this way you will be freed from the round of existence.” The fleeing of that man in any direction whatsoever—having heard the words of the well-wisher and departed at a moment when the four snakes were heedless and the king’s men were absent—is like the fleeing of this monk with the flight of knowledge for the sake of being freed from the great-element-snakes, after receiving the meditation subject in the presence of the Teacher.

ဣဒါနိ စတုန္နေတံ မဟာဘူတာနံ အဓိဝစနံ ပထဝီဓာတုယာ အာပေါဓာတုယာတိအာဒီသု စတုမဟာဘူတကထာ စ ပဉ္စုပါဒါနက္ခန္ဓကထာ စ အာယတနကထာ စ ဝိသုဒ္ဓိမဂ္ဂေ ဝိတ္ထာရိတနယေနေဝ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ. ဧတ္ထ စ ကဋ္ဌမုခအာသီဝိသော ဝိယ ပထဝီဓာတု ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗာ, ပူတိမုခအဂ္ဂိမုခသတ္ထမုခါ ဝိယ သေသဓာတုယော. ယထေဝ ဟိ ကဋ္ဌမုခေန ဒဋ္ဌဿ သကလကာယော ထဒ္ဓေါ ဟောတိ, ဧဝံ ပထဝီဓာတုပကောပေနာပိ. ယထာ စ ပူတိမုခါဒီဟိ ဒဋ္ဌဿ ပဂ္ဃရတိ စေဝ ဈာယတိ စ ဆိဇ္ဇတိ စ, ဧဝံ အာပေါဓာတုတေဇောဓာတုဝါယောဓာတုပကောပေနာပီတိ. တေနာဟု အဋ္ဌကထာစရိယာ –

Now, the designation of the four great elements in such texts as 'the earth element, the water element,' and so on, the discourse on the four great elements, the discourse on the five aggregates of clinging, and the discourse on the sense bases should be known only by the method that has been explained in detail in the Visuddhimagga. Furthermore, here, the earth element should be regarded like a kaṭṭhamukha viper, and the remaining elements like the pūtimukha, aggimukha, and satthamukha vipers. For just as the entire body of one bitten by a kaṭṭhamukha viper becomes stiff, so too with the derangement of the earth element. And just as for one bitten by the pūtimukha vipers and so on, the body oozes, burns, and is cut to pieces, so too with the derangement of the water element, fire element, and air element. Therefore, the commentary teachers said:

‘‘ပတ္ထဒ္ဓေါ ဘဝတီ ကာယော, ဒဋ္ဌော ကဋ္ဌမုခေန ဝါ;

ပထဝီဓာတုပကောပေန, ဟောတိ ကဋ္ဌမုခေဝ သော.

The body, bitten by a kaṭṭhamukha snake, becomes stiff; similarly, through the derangement of the earth element, that body becomes stiff, as though it were in the mouth of a kaṭṭhamukha snake.

‘‘ပူတိကော ဘဝတီ ကာယော, ဒဋ္ဌော ပူတိမုခေန ဝါ;

အာပေါဓာတုပကောပေန, ဟောတိ ပူတိမုခေဝ သော.

The body, bitten by a pūtimukha snake, becomes putrid, swelling and festering like an overripe jackfruit; similarly, through the derangement of the water element, that body becomes putrid, as though it were in the mouth of a pūtimukha snake.

‘‘သန္တတ္တော ဘဝတီ ကာယော, ဒဋ္ဌော အဂ္ဂိမုခေန ဝါ;

တေဇောဓာတုပကောပေန, ဟောတိ အဂ္ဂိမုခေဝ သော.

The body, bitten by an aggimukha snake, becomes scorched; similarly, through the derangement of the fire element, that body becomes scorched, as though it were in the mouth of an aggimukha snake.

‘‘သဉ္ဆိန္နော ဘဝတီ ကာယော, ဒဋ္ဌော သတ္ထမုခေန ဝါ;

ဝါယောဓာတုပကောပေန, ဟောတိ သတ္ထမုခေဝ သော’’တိ. –

The body, bitten by a satthamukha snake, is cut to pieces; similarly, through the derangement of the air element, that body is cut to pieces, as though it were in the mouth of a satthamukha snake.

ဧဝံ တာဝေတ္ထ ဝိသေသတော သဒိသဘာဝေါ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော.

Thus, first of all, the similarity in a specific sense should be understood herein.

အဝိသေသတော ပန အာသယတော ဝိသဝေဂဝိကာရတော အနတ္ထဂ္ဂဟဏတော ဒုရုပဋ္ဌာနတော ဒုရာသဒတော အကတညုတတော အဝိသေသကာရိတော အနန္တဒေါသူပဒ္ဒဝတောတိ ဣမေဟိ ကာရဏေဟိ ဧတေသံ အာသီဝိသသဒိသတာ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ. တတ္ထ အာသယတောတိ အာသီဝိသာနဉှိ ဝမ္မိကော အာသယော, တတ္ထေဝ တေ ဝသန္တိ. မဟာဘူတာနမ္ပိ ကာယဝမ္မိကော အာသယော[Pg.59]. အာသီဝိသာနဉ္စ ရုက္ခသုသိရတိဏပဏ္ဏဂဟနသင်္ကာရဋ္ဌာနာနိပိ အာသယော. ဧတေသုပိ ဟိ တေ ဝသန္တိ. မဟာဘူတာနမ္ပိ ကာယသုသိရံ ကာယဂဟနံ ကာယသင်္ကာရဋ္ဌာနံ အာသယောတိ. ဧဝံ တာဝ အာသယတော သဒိသတာ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ.

Furthermore, in a general sense, their similarity to vipers should be understood for these reasons: by way of dwelling place, by way of the derangement from the venom's force, by way of taking what is unbeneficial, by way of being difficult to attend to, by way of being difficult to approach, by way of ungratefulness, by way of not making distinctions, and by way of endless faults and calamities. Therein, regarding 'by way of dwelling place': for vipers, an anthill is their dwelling place; they live right there. For the great elements, too, the body-anthill is their dwelling place. And for vipers, hollow trees, thickets of grass and leaves, and places where sweepings are discarded are also dwelling places; for they live in these too. For the great elements, too, the body which is like a hollow tree, the body which is like a thicket, and the body which is like a place where sweepings are discarded are their dwelling place. Thus, first of all, the similarity by way of dwelling place should be understood.

ဝိသဝေဂဝိကာရတောတိ အာသီဝိသာ ဟိ ကုလဝသေန ကဋ္ဌမုခါဒိဘေဒတော စတ္တာရော. တတ္ထ ဧကေကော ဝိသဝိကာရတော ဝိဘဇ္ဇမာနော ဒဋ္ဌဝိသာဒိဝသေန စတုဗ္ဗိဓော ဟောတိ. မဟာဘူတာနိပိ ပစ္စတ္တလက္ခဏဝသေန ပထဝီအာဒိဘေဒတော စတ္တာရိ. ဧတ္ထ ဧကေကံ ကမ္မသမုဋ္ဌာနာဒိဝသေန စတုဗ္ဗိဓံ ဟောတိ. ဧဝံ ဝိသဝေဂဝိကာရတော သဒိသတာ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ.

Regarding 'by way of the derangement from the venom's force': Indeed, vipers are of four kinds by way of lineage, with the distinctions of kaṭṭhamukha, etc. Therein, each one, when being divided by way of the derangement from the venom, becomes fourfold by way of bite-venom, sight-venom, touch-venom, and air-venom. The great elements, too, are fourfold by way of their individual characteristics, with the distinctions of earth, etc. Herein, each one becomes fourfold by way of being originated by kamma, etc. Thus, the similarity by way of the derangement from the venom's force should be understood.

အနတ္ထဂ္ဂဟဏတောတိ အာသီဝိသေ ဂဏှန္တာ ပဉ္စ အနတ္ထေ ဂဏှန္တိ – ဒုဂ္ဂန္ဓံ ဂဏှန္တိ, အသုစိံ ဂဏှန္တိ, ဗျာဓိံ ဂဏှန္တိ, ဝိသံ ဂဏှန္တိ, မရဏံ ဂဏှန္တိ. မဟာဘူတာနိပိ ဂဏှန္တာ ပဉ္စ အနတ္ထေ ဂဏှန္တိ – ဒုဂ္ဂန္ဓံ ဂဏှန္တိ, အသုစိံ ဂဏှန္တိ, ဗျာဓိံ ဂဏှန္တိ, ဇရံ ဂဏှန္တိ, မရဏံ ဂဏှန္တိ. တေနာဟု ပေါရာဏာ –

Regarding 'by way of taking what is unbeneficial': those who take hold of vipers take five unbeneficial things—they take foul odor; they take impurity; they take disease; they take poison; they take death. Those who take hold of the great elements also take five unbeneficial things—they take foul odor; they take impurity; they take disease; they take aging; they take death. Therefore, the ancients said:

‘‘ယေကေစိ သပ္ပံ ဂဏှန္တိ, မီဠှလိတ္တံ မဟာဝိသံ;

ပဉ္စ ဂဏှန္တုနတ္ထာနိ, လောကေ သပ္ပာဘိနန္ဒိနော.

Whoever takes hold of a snake smeared with filth and possessing great venom—those in the world who delight in snakes take five unbeneficial things.

‘‘ဒုဂ္ဂန္ဓံ အသုစိံ ဗျာဓိံ, ဝိသံ မရဏပဉ္စမံ;

အနတ္ထာ ဟောန္တိ ပဉ္စေတေ, မီဠှလိတ္တေ ဘုဇင်္ဂမေ.

Foul odor, impurity, disease, poison, and death as the fifth—these five unbeneficial things exist in a snake smeared with filth.

‘‘ဧဝမေဝံ အကုသလာ, အန္ဓဗာလပုထုဇ္ဇနာ;

ပဉ္စ ဂဏှန္တုနတ္ထာနိ, ဘဝေ ဇာတာဘိနန္ဒိနော.

Just so, the unskillful, blind, foolish ordinary people, those who delight in birth in existence, take five unbeneficial things.

‘‘ဒုဂ္ဂန္ဓံ အသုစိံ ဗျာဓိံ, ဇရံ မရဏပဉ္စမံ;

အနတ္ထာ ဟောန္တိ ပဉ္စေတေ, မီဠှလိတ္တေဝ ပန္နဂေ’’တိ. –

Foul odor, impurity, disease, aging, and death as the fifth—these five unbeneficial things exist, just as in a snake smeared with filth.

ဧဝံ အနတ္ထဂ္ဂဟဏတော သဒိသတာ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ.

Thus, the similarity by way of taking what is unbeneficial should be understood.

ဒုရုပဋ္ဌာနတောတိ တေ အာသီဝိသာ ဒုရုပဋ္ဌာနာ, ဧကသ္မိံ ဥဋ္ဌာတုကာမေ ဧကော နှာယိတုကာမော ဟောတိ, တသ္မိံ နှာယိတုကာမေ အပရော ဘုဉ္ဇိတုကာမော, တသ္မိံ ဘုဉ္ဇိတုကာမေ အညော နိပဇ္ဇိတုကာမော ဟောတိ. တေသု ယဿ ယဿေဝ အဇ္ဈာသယော န ပူရတိ, သော တတ္ထေဝ ဍံသိတွာ မာရေတိ. ဣမေဟိ ပန အာသီဝိသေဟိ ဘူတာနေဝ ဒုရုပဋ္ဌာနတရာနိ. ပထဝီဓာတုယာ ဟိ ဘေသဇ္ဇေ ကယိရမာနေ အာပေါဓာတု ကုပ္ပတိ, တဿေဝ ဘေသဇ္ဇံ ကရောန္တဿ တေဇောဓာတူတိ [Pg.60] ဧဝံ ဧကိဿာ ဘေသဇ္ဇေ ကယိရမာနေ အပရာ ကုပ္ပန္တီတိ. ဧဝံ ဒုရုပဋ္ဌာနတော သဒိသတာ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ.

Regarding 'by way of being difficult to attend to': Those vipers are difficult to attend to. When one wants to get up, another wants to bathe; when that one wants to bathe, another wants to eat; when that one wants to eat, another wants to lie down. Whichever snake's inclination is not fulfilled, that very snake bites and causes death right there. But the elements are even more difficult to attend to than these vipers. Indeed, when medicine is being administered for the earth element, the water element becomes deranged; while making medicine for that, the fire element becomes deranged. Thus, when medicine is being administered for one element, another becomes deranged. In this way, the similarity by way of being difficult to attend to should be understood.

ဒုရာသဒတောတိ ဒုရာသဒါ ဟိ အာသီဝိသာ, ဂေဟဿ ပုရိမဘာဂေ အာသီဝိသံ ဒိသွာ ပစ္ဆိမဘာဂေန ပလာယန္တိ, ပစ္ဆိမဘာဂေ ဒိသွာ ပုရိမဘာဂေန, ဂေဟမဇ္ဈေ ဒိသွာ ဂဗ္ဘံ ပဝိသန္တိ, ဂဗ္ဘေ ဒိသွာ မဉ္စပီဌံ အဘိရုဟန္တိ. မဟာဘူတာနိ တတောပိ ဒုရာသဒတရာနိ. တထာရူပေန ဟိ ကုဋ္ဌရောဂေန ဖုဋ္ဌဿ ကဏ္ဏနာသာဒီနိ ဆိန္ဒိတွာ ပတန္တိ, သရီရံ သမ္ဖုဋတိ နီလမက္ခိကာ ပရိဝါရေန္တိ, သရီရဂန္ဓော ဒူရတောဝ ဥဗ္ဗာဟတိ. တံ ပုရိသံ အက္ကောသမာနမ္ပိ ပရိဒေဝမာနမ္ပိ နေဝ ရောသဝသေန, န ကာရုညေန, ဥပသင်္ကမိတုံ သက္ကောန္တိ, နာသိကံ ပိဒဟိတွာ ခေဠံ ပါတေန္တာ ဒူရတောဝ နံ ဝိဝဇ္ဇေန္တိ. ဧဝံ အညေသမ္ပိ ဘဂန္ဒရကုစ္ဆိရောဂဝါတရောဂါဒီနံ ဗီဘစ္ဆဇေဂုစ္ဆဘာဝကရာနဉ္စ ရောဂါနံ ဝသေန အယမေဝတ္ထော ဝိဘာဝေတဗ္ဗောတိ. ဧဝံ ဒုရာသဒတော သဒိသတာ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ.

Regarding 'by way of being difficult to approach': Indeed, vipers are difficult to approach. Seeing a viper in the front part of the house, people flee through the back part; seeing one in the back part, they flee through the front part; seeing one in the middle of the house, they enter a chamber; seeing one in the chamber, they climb onto a bed or chair. The great elements are even more difficult to approach than those. Indeed, for one afflicted by such a disease as leprosy, the ears, nose, and so on are cut off and fall down; the disease severely afflicts the body; dark blue flies swarm them; the body's odor afflicts even from afar. People are unable to approach that person, even if he is cursing or lamenting, neither out of anger nor out of compassion. Covering their noses and spitting, they shun him from afar. In this way, this same meaning should be made clear by way of other diseases as well, such as fistula, stomach disease, and wind disease, which cause a state of repulsiveness and disgust. Thus, the similarity by way of being difficult to approach should be understood.

အကတညုတတောတိ အာသီဝိသာ ဟိ အကတညုနော ဟောန္တိ, နှာပိယမာနာပိ ဘောဇိယမာနာပိ ဂန္ဓမာလာဒီဟိ ပူဇိယမာနာပိ ပေဠာယံ ပက္ခိပိတွာ ပရိဟရိယမာနာပိ ဩတာရမေဝ ဂဝေသန္တိ. ယတ္ထ ဩတာရံ လဘန္တိ, တတ္ထေဝ နံ ဍံသိတွာ မာရေန္တိ. အာသီဝိသေဟိပိ မဟာဘူတာနေဝ အကတညုတရာနိ. ဧတေသဉှိ ကတံ နာမ နတ္ထိ, သီတေန ဝါ ဥဏှေန ဝါ နိမ္မလေန ဇလေန နှာပိယမာနာနိပိ ဂန္ဓမာလာဒီဟိ သက္ကရိယမာနာနိပိ မုဒုဝတ္ထမုဒုသယနမုဒုယာနာဒီဟိ ပရိဟရိယမာနာနိပိ, ဝရဘောဇနံ ဘောဇိယမာနာနိပိ, ဝရပါနံ ပါယာပိယမာနာနိပိ ဩတာရမေဝ ဂဝေသန္တိ. ယတ္ထ ဩတာရံ လဘန္တိ, တတ္ထေဝ ကုပ္ပိတွာ အနယဗျသနံ ပါပေန္တီတိ. ဧဝံ အကတညုတတော သဒိသတာ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ.

From the aspect of ungratefulness: Indeed, venomous snakes are ungrateful. Even when bathed, fed, honored with perfumes and garlands, and carried around in a basket, they seek only an opportunity to bite. Wherever they find an opportunity, they bite and kill their benefactor. The great elements are even more ungrateful than venomous snakes. For them, there is no such thing as a favor done. Even when bathed with cool, warm, or clear water, honored with perfumes and garlands, attended to with soft clothes, soft beds, and soft vehicles, fed the finest food, and given the finest drinks—they seek only an opportunity for destruction. Wherever they find an opportunity, they become disturbed and bring about ruin and disaster. In this way, the similarity should be understood from the standpoint of ungratefulness.

အဝိသေသကာရိတောတိ အာသီဝိသာ ဟိ ‘‘အယံ ခတ္တိယော ဝါ ဗြာဟ္မဏော ဝါ ဝေဿော ဝါ သုဒ္ဒေါ ဝါ ဂဟဋ္ဌော ဝါ ပဗ္ဗဇိတော ဝါ’’တိ ဝိသေသံ န ကရောန္တိ, သမ္ပတ္တသမ္ပတ္တမေဝ ဍံသိတွာ မာရေန္တိ. မဟာဘူတာနိပိ ‘‘အယံ ခတ္တိယော ဝါ ဗြာဟ္မဏော ဝါ ဝေဿော ဝါ သုဒ္ဒေါ ဝါ ဂဟဋ္ဌော ဝါ ပဗ္ဗဇိတော ဝါ ဒေဝေါ ဝါ မနုဿော ဝါ မာရော ဝါ ဗြဟ္မာ ဝါ နိဂ္ဂုဏော ဝါ သဂုဏော ဝါ’’တိ ဝိသေသံ န ကရောန္တိ. ယဒိ ဟိ နေသံ ‘‘အယံ ဂုဏဝါ’’တိ လဇ္ဇာ [Pg.61] ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇေယျ, သဒေဝကေ လောကေ အဂ္ဂပုဂ္ဂလေ တထာဂတေ လဇ္ဇံ ဥပ္ပာဒေယျုံ. အထာပိ နေသံ ‘‘အယံ မဟာပညော အယံ မဟိဒ္ဓိကော အယံ ဓုတဝါဒေါ’’တိအာဒိနာ နယေန လဇ္ဇာ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇေယျ, ဓမ္မသေနာပတိသာရိပုတ္တတ္ထေရာဒီသု လဇ္ဇံ ဥပ္ပာဒေယျုံ. အထာပိ နေသံ ‘‘အယံ နိဂ္ဂုဏော ဒါရုဏော ထဒ္ဓေါ’’တိ ဘယံ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇေယျ, သဒေဝကေ လောကေ နိဂ္ဂုဏထဒ္ဓဒါရုဏာနံ အဂ္ဂဿ ဒေဝဒတ္တဿ ဆန္နံ ဝါ သတ္ထာရာနံ ဘာယေယျုံ, န စ လဇ္ဇန္တိ န စ ဘာယန္တိ, ကုပ္ပိတွာ ယံကိဉ္စိ အနယဗျသနံ အာပါဒေန္တိယေဝ. ဧဝံ အဝိသေသကာရိတော သဒိသတာ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ.

From the aspect of being indiscriminate: Indeed, venomous snakes make no distinction, thinking, ‘This is a khattiya, a brahmin, a vessa, a sudda, a householder, or a renunciant.’ They bite and kill whomever they encounter. The great elements also make no distinction, thinking, ‘This is a khattiya, a brahmin, a vessa, a sudda, a householder, a renunciant, a deva, a human, Māra, a brahmā, one without virtue, or one with virtue.’ For if shame were to arise in them, thinking, ‘This one is virtuous,’ they would feel shame toward the Tathāgata, the supreme person in the world with its devas. Or if shame were to arise in them through the method beginning with, ‘This one is of great wisdom, this one is of great power, this one is an observer of ascetic practices,’ they would feel shame toward the Elder Sāriputta, the General of the Dhamma, and others. Or if fear were to arise in them, thinking, ‘This one is without virtue, harsh, and stubborn,’ they would fear Devadatta, the foremost among the virtueless, stubborn, and harsh in the world with its devas, or the six heretical teachers. But they neither feel shame nor do they fear; being disturbed, they only bring about any and all ruin and disaster. In this way, the similarity should be understood from the standpoint of being indiscriminate.

အနန္တဒေါသူပဒ္ဒဝတောတိ အာသီဝိသေ နိဿာယ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇနကာနဉှိ ဒေါသူပဒ္ဒဝါနံ ပမာဏံ နတ္ထိ. တထာ ဟေတေ ဍံသိတွာ ကာဏမ္ပိ ကရောန္တိ ခုဇ္ဇမ္ပိ ပီဌသပ္ပိမ္ပိ ဧကပက္ခလမ္ပီတိ ဧဝံ အပရိမာဏံ ဝိပ္ပကာရံ ဒဿေန္တိ. ဘူတာနိပိ ကုပ္ပိတာနိ န ကာဏာဒိဘာဝေသု န ကိဉ္စိ ဝိပ္ပကာရံ န ကရောန္တိ, အပ္ပမာဏော ဧတေသံ ဒေါသူပဒ္ဒဝေါတိ. ဧဝံ အနန္တဒေါသူပဒ္ဒဝတော သဒိသတာ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ.

From the aspect of endless faults and calamities: Indeed, there is no measure to the faults and calamities that arise dependent on venomous snakes. For, having bitten, they make one blind, hunchbacked, crippled, or paralyzed on one side—thus they display immeasurable affliction. When the great elements are disturbed, it is not that they do not cause any affliction among states such as blindness; their fault and calamity are immeasurable. In this way, the similarity should be understood from the standpoint of endless faults and calamities.

ဣဒါနေတ္ထ စတုမဟာဘူတဝသေန ယာဝ အရဟတ္တာ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ ကထေတဗ္ဗံ သိယာ, တံ ဝိသုဒ္ဓိမဂ္ဂေ စတုဓာတုဝဝတ္ထာနနိဒ္ဒေသေ ကထိတမေဝ.

Now, at this point, the meditation subject concerning the four great elements up to Arahantship should be explained. But that has already been explained in the Visuddhimagga, in the Exposition of the Analysis of the Four Elements.

ပဉ္စ ဝဓကာ ပစ္စတ္ထိကာတိ ခေါ ဘိက္ခဝေ ပဉ္စန္နေတံ ဥပါဒါနက္ခန္ဓာနံ အဓိဝစနန္တိ ဧတ္ထ ဒွီဟိ အာကာရေဟိ ခန္ဓာနံ ဝဓကပစ္စတ္ထိကသဒိသတာ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ. ခန္ဓာ ဟိ အညမညဉ္စ ဝဓေန္တိ, တေသု စ သန္တေသု ဝဓော နာမ ပညာယတိ. ကထံ? ရူပံ တာဝ ရူပမ္ပိ ဝဓေတိ အရူပမ္ပိ, တထာ အရူပံ အရူပမ္ပိ ဝဓေတိ ရူပမ္ပိ. ကထံ? အယဉှိ ပထဝီဓာတု ဘိဇ္ဇမာနာ ဣတရာ တိဿော ဓာတုယော ဂဟေတွာဝ ဘိဇ္ဇတိ, အာပေါဓာတုအာဒီသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော, ဧဝံ တာဝ ရူပံ ရူပမေဝ ဝဓေတိ. ရူပက္ခန္ဓော ပန ဘိဇ္ဇမာနော စတ္တာရော အရူပက္ခန္ဓေ ဂဟေတွာဝ ဘိဇ္ဇတိ, ဧဝံ ရူပံ အရူပမ္ပိ ဝဓေတိ. ဝေဒနာက္ခန္ဓောပိ ဘိဇ္ဇမာနော သညာသင်္ခါရဝိညာဏက္ခန္ဓေ ဂဟေတွာဝ ဘိဇ္ဇတိ. သညာက္ခန္ဓာဒီသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော. ဧဝံ အရူပံ အရူပမေဝ ဝဓေတိ. စုတိက္ခဏေ ပန စတ္တာရော အရူပက္ခန္ဓာ ဘိဇ္ဇမာနာ ဝတ္ထုရူပမ္ပိ ဂဟေတွာဝ ဘိဇ္ဇန္တိ, ဧဝံ အရူပံ ရူပမ္ပိ ဝဓေတိ. ဧဝံ တာဝ အညမညံ ဝဓေန္တီတိ ဝဓကာ. ယတ္ထ ပန ခန္ဓာ အတ္ထိ, တတ္ထ ဆေဒနဘေဒနဝဓဗန္ဓနာဒယော ဟောန္တိ, န အညတ္ထာတိ. ဧဝံ ခန္ဓေသု သန္တေသု ဝဓော ပညာယတီတိပိ ဝဓကာ.

Regarding the passage, '“Five murderers and enemies,” O bhikkhus, is a designation for these five aggregates of clinging': Herein, the similarity of the aggregates to murderous enemies should be understood in two ways. For the aggregates kill one another, and when they exist, that which is called 'killing' is apparent. How? First, form kills both form and non-form; likewise, non-form kills both non-form and form. How? When this earth element perishes, it perishes only by taking the other three elements with it; this same principle should be understood for the water element and so on. In this way, first, form kills form itself. Furthermore, when the form aggregate disintegrates, it disintegrates only by taking the four non-form aggregates with it. In this way, form also kills non-form. When the feeling aggregate disintegrates, it disintegrates only by taking the perception, formations, and consciousness aggregates with it. This same principle should be understood for the perception aggregate and the others. In this way, non-form kills non-form itself. Furthermore, at the moment of death, when the four non-form aggregates disintegrate, they disintegrate only by taking the heart-base matter with them. In this way, non-form also kills form. Thus, because they kill one another, they are called 'murderers.' Furthermore, wherever the aggregates exist, there occur cutting, breaking, killing, binding, and so on, but not elsewhere. In this way also, because killing is apparent when the aggregates exist, they are called 'murderers.'

ဣဒါနိ [Pg.62] ပဉ္စက္ခန္ဓေ ရူပါရူပဝသေန ဒွေ ကောဋ္ဌာသေ ကတွာ, ရူပဝသေန ဝါ နာမဝသေန ဝါ ရူပပရိဂ္ဂဟံ အာဒိံ ကတွာ, ယာဝ အရဟတ္တာ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ ကထေတဗ္ဗံ သိယာ တမ္ပိ ဝိသုဒ္ဓိမဂ္ဂေ ကထိတမေဝ.

Now, having divided the five aggregates into two sections—form and non-form—and beginning with the comprehension of form, either by way of form or by way of name, the meditation subject that leads up to Arahantship should be explained. But this too has already been explained in the Visuddhimagga.

ဆဋ္ဌော အန္တရစရော ဝဓကော ဥက္ခိတ္တာသိကောတိ ခေါ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, နန္ဒီရာဂဿေတံ အဓိဝစနန္တိ ဧတ္ထ ဒွီဟာကာရေဟိ နန္ဒီရာဂဿ ဥက္ခိတ္တာသိကဝဓကသဒိသတာ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ ပညာသိရပါတနတော စ ယောနိသမ္ပဋိပါဒနတော စ. ကထံ? စက္ခုဒွါရသ္မိဉှိ ဣဋ္ဌာရမ္မဏေ အာပါထဂတေ တံ အာရမ္မဏံ နိဿာယ လောဘော ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ, ဧတ္တာဝတာ ပညာသီသံ ပတိတံ နာမ ဟောတိ, သောတဒွါရာဒီသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော. ဧဝံ တာဝ ပညာသိရပါတနတော သဒိသတာ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ. နန္ဒီရာဂေါ ပနေသ အဏ္ဍဇာဒိဘေဒါ စတဿော ယောနိယော ဥပနေတိ. တဿ ယောနိဥပဂမနမူလကာနိ ပဉ္စဝီသတိ မဟာဘယာနိ ဒွတ္တိံသ ကမ္မကာရဏာနိ စ အာဂတာနေဝ ဟောန္တီတိ ဧဝံ ယောနိသမ္ပဋိပါဒနတောပိဿ ဥက္ခိတ္တာသိကဝဓကသဒိသတာ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ.

Regarding the passage, '“The sixth, an internal prowler, a murderer with an upraised sword,” O bhikkhus, is a designation for delight and lust': Herein, the similarity of delight and lust to a murderer with an upraised sword should be understood in two ways: from its felling of the head of wisdom and from its causing one to fall repeatedly into a womb. How? When a desirable object comes into range at the eye-door, greed arises dependent on that object. Merely by this much, the head of wisdom is said to have fallen. This same principle should be understood for the ear-door and the others. In this way, first, the similarity should be understood from its felling of the head of wisdom. Furthermore, this delight and lust leads to the four kinds of wombs, which are divided into egg-born and so on. For such a person, the twenty-five great fears and the thirty-two karmic torments that are rooted in entering a womb inevitably come to be. In this way also, its similarity to a murderer with an upraised sword should be understood from its causing one to fall repeatedly into a womb.

ဣတိ နန္ဒီရာဂဝသေနာပိ ဧကဿ ဘိက္ခုနော ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ ကထိတမေဝ ဟောတိ. ကထံ? အယဉှိ နန္ဒီရာဂေါ သင်္ခါရက္ခန္ဓော, တံ သင်္ခါရက္ခန္ဓောတိ ဝဝတ္ထပေတွာ တံသမ္ပယုတ္တာ ဝေဒနာ ဝေဒနာက္ခန္ဓော, သညာ သညာက္ခန္ဓော, စိတ္တံ ဝိညာဏက္ခန္ဓော, တေသံ ဝတ္ထာရမ္မဏံ ရူပက္ခန္ဓောတိ, ဧဝံ ပဉ္စက္ခန္ဓေ ဝဝတ္ထပေတိ. ဣဒါနိ တေ ပဉ္စက္ခန္ဓေ နာမရူပဝသေန ဝဝတ္ထပေတွာ, တေသံ ပစ္စယပရိယေသနတော ပဋ္ဌာယ ဝိပဿနံ ဝဍ္ဎေတွာ, အနုပုဗ္ဗေန ဧကော အရဟတ္တံ ပါပုဏာတီတိ ဧဝံ နန္ဒီရာဂဝသေန ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ ကထိတံ ဟောတိ.

Thus, by way of delight and lust, the meditation subject for a single bhikkhu is indeed explained. How so? This delight and lust is the aggregate of formations. Having determined it as the aggregate of formations, the feeling associated with it is the aggregate of feeling, perception is the aggregate of perception, the mind is the aggregate of consciousness, and their physical base and object is the aggregate of form. In this way, one determines the five aggregates. Now, having determined these five aggregates by way of name-and-form, beginning from the investigation of their conditions, one develops insight and, by sequence, a certain person attains Arahantship. Thus, by way of delight and lust, the meditation subject is explained.

ဆန္နံ အဇ္ဈတ္တိကာယတနာနံ သုညဂါမေန သဒိသတာ ပါဠိယံယေဝ အာဂတာ. အယံ ပနေတ္ထ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနနယော – ယထာ စ တေ ဆ စောရာ ဆကုဋိကံ သုညံ ဂါမံ ပဝိသိတွာ အပရာပရံ ဝိစရန္တာ ကိဉ္စိ အလဘိတွာ ဂါမေန အနတ္ထိကာ ဟောန္တိ, ဧဝမေဝံ ဘိက္ခု ဆသု အဇ္ဈတ္တိကာယတနေသု အဘိနိဝိသိတွာ ဝိစိနန္တော ‘‘အဟ’’န္တိ ဝါ ‘‘မမ’’န္တိ ဝါ ဂဟေတဗ္ဗံ ကိဉ္စိ အဒိသွာ တေဟိ အနတ္ထိကော ဟောတိ. သော ‘‘ဝိပဿနံ ပဋ္ဌပေဿာမီ’’တိ ဥပါဒါရူပကမ္မဋ္ဌာနဝသေန စက္ခုပသာဒါဒယော ပရိဂ္ဂဟေတွာ ‘‘အယံ ရူပက္ခန္ဓော’’တိ ဝဝတ္ထပေတိ, မနာယတနံ ‘‘အရူပက္ခန္ဓော’’တိ. ဣတိ သဗ္ဗာနိပေတာနိ နာမဉ္စေဝ ရူပဉ္စာတိ နာမရူပဝသေန ဝဝတ္ထပေတွာ, တေသံ ပစ္စယံ ပရိယေသိတွာ ဝိပဿနံ ဝဍ္ဎေတွာ[Pg.63], သင်္ခါရေ သမ္မသန္တော အနုပုဗ္ဗေန အရဟတ္တေ ပတိဋ္ဌာတိ. ဣဒံ ဧကဿ ဘိက္ခုနော ယာဝ အရဟတ္တာ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ ကထိတံ ဟောတိ.

The similarity of the six internal sense bases to an empty village is found in the Pāli canon itself. Herein, this is the method of meditation: Just as those six thieves, having entered an empty village with six huts and wandering from one to another, find nothing and thus have no desire for the village, in the very same way, a bhikkhu, having applied his mind and investigating the six internal sense bases, sees nothing to be grasped as 'I' or 'mine' and thus has no desire for them. Thinking, 'I will establish insight,' by way of the meditation subject of derived matter, he comprehends eye-sensitivity and so on, and determines, 'This is the aggregate of form,' and the mind-base as 'the immaterial aggregates.' Thus, having determined all these by way of name-and-form as 'name' and 'form,' and having investigated their condition, developed insight, and contemplated the formations, he is, by sequence, established in Arahantship. This is the meditation subject for a single bhikkhu up to Arahantship that is explained.

ဣဒါနိ ဗာဟိရာနံ ဂါမဃာတကစောရေဟိ သဒိသတံ ဒဿေန္တော စောရာ ဂါမဃာတကာတိ ခေါတိအာဒိမာဟ. တတ္ထ မနာပါမနာပေသူတိ ကရဏတ္ထေ ဘုမ္မံ, မနာပါမနာပေဟီတိ အတ္ထော. တတ္ထ စောရေသု ဂါမံ ဟနန္တေသု ပဉ္စ ကိစ္စာနိ ဝတ္တန္တိ – စောရာ တာဝ ဂါမံ ပရိဝါရေတွာ ဌိတာ အဂ္ဂိံ ဒတွာ ကဋကဋသဒ္ဒံ ဥဋ္ဌာပေန္တိ, တတော မနုဿာ ဟတ္ထသာရံ ဂဟေတွာ ဗဟိ နိက္ခမန္တိ. တတော တေဟိ သဒ္ဓိံ ဘဏ္ဍကဿ ကာရဏာ ဟတ္ထပရာမာသံ ကရောန္တိ. ကေစိ ပနေတ္ထ ပဟာရံ ပါပုဏန္တိ, ကေစိ ပဟာရဋ္ဌာနေ ပတန္တိ, အဝသေသေ ပန အရောဂဇနေ ဗန္ဓိတွာ အတ္တနော ဝသနဋ္ဌာနံ နေတွာ ရဇ္ဇုဗန္ဓနာဒီဟိ ဗန္ဓိတွာ ဒါသပရိဘောဂေန ပရိဘုဉ္ဇန္တိ.

Now, wishing to show the similarity of the external sense bases with village-destroying thieves, the Teacher said the passage beginning, 'Thieves, village-destroyers...' Therein, regarding the phrase 'manāpāmanāpesu,' the locative case is used in the sense of the instrumental; the meaning is 'by means of the agreeable and disagreeable.' In this context, when thieves destroy a village, five actions occur: First, the thieves, having surrounded the village, stand there, set it on fire, and raise a 'kaṭakaṭa' sound. Then, the people, taking their valuable possessions in hand, exit. Then, for the sake of the goods, they engage in physical conflict with them. Some among them receive blows; some fall in the place where they are struck. As for the remaining uninjured people, the thieves bind them, lead them to their own dwelling place, tie them with ropes and the like, and make use of them as slaves.

တတ္ထ ဂါမဃာတကစောရာနံ ဂါမံ ပရိဝါရေတွာ အဂ္ဂိဒါနံ ဝိယ ဆသု ဒွါရေသု အာရမ္မဏေ အာပါထဂတေ ကိလေသပရိဠာဟုပ္ပတ္တိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ, ဟတ္ထသာရံ အာဒါယ ဗဟိ နိက္ခမနံ ဝိယ. တင်္ခဏေ ကုသလဓမ္မံ ပဟာယ အကုသလသမင်္ဂိတာ, ဘဏ္ဍကဿ ကာရဏာ ဟတ္ထပရာမသနာပဇ္ဇနံ ဝိယ ဒုက္ကဋဒုဗ္ဘာသိတပါစိတ္တိယထုလ္လစ္စယာနံ အာပဇ္ဇနကာလော, ပဟာရလဒ္ဓကာလော ဝိယ သံဃာဒိသေသံ အာပဇ္ဇနကာလော, ပဟာရံ လဒ္ဓါ ပန ပဟာရဋ္ဌာနေ ပတိတကာလော ဝိယ ပါရာဇိကံ အာပဇ္ဇိတွာ အဿမဏကာလော, အဝသေသဇနဿ ဗန္ဓိတွာ ဝသနဋ္ဌာနံ နေတွာ ဒါသပရိဘောဂေန ပရိဘုဉ္ဇနကာလော ဝိယ တမေဝ အာရမ္မဏံ နိဿာယ သဗ္ဗေသံ ပဿန္တာနံယေဝ စူဠသီလမဇ္ဈိမသီလမဟာသီလာနိ ဘိန္ဒိတွာ သိက္ခံ ပစ္စက္ခာယ ဂိဟိဘာဝံ အာပဇ္ဇနကာလော. တတြဿ ပုတ္တဒါရံ ပေါသေန္တဿ သန္ဒိဋ္ဌိကော ဒုက္ခက္ခန္ဓော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော, ကာလံ ကတွာ အပါယေ နိဗ္ဗတ္တဿ သမ္ပရာယိကော.

Therein, like the village-destroying thieves surrounding the village and setting it on fire, the arising of the blaze of defilements when an object comes into range at the six sense doors should be understood. Like taking one's valuable possessions and exiting, at that moment the abandoning of wholesome states and becoming endowed with unwholesome states should be understood. Like incurring physical conflict for the sake of the goods, the time of incurring offenses of wrong-doing, wrong-speech, expiation, and grave transgression should be understood. Like the time of receiving a blow, the time of incurring a Saṅghādisesa offense should be understood. Like the time of falling in the place where the blow was received, the time of becoming a non-monk after incurring a Pārājika offense should be understood. Like the time of binding the remaining people, leading them to their dwelling place, and making use of them as slaves, the time of reverting to the lay state—having broken the minor, middle, and major moral precepts in full view of everyone, renounced the training, all depending on that very sense object—should be understood. For such a one who then supports a wife and children, the mass of suffering visible in this life is to be understood; and for one who, after dying, is reborn in a state of woe, the mass of suffering in the next life is to be understood.

ဣမာနိပိ ဗာဟိရာယတနာနိ ဧကဿ ဘိက္ခုနော ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနဝသေနေဝ ကထိတာနိ. ဧတ္ထ ဟိ ရူပါဒီနိ စတ္တာရိ ဥပါဒါရူပါနိ, ဖောဋ္ဌဗ္ဗာယတနံ တိဿော ဓာတုယော, ဓမ္မာယတနေ အာပေါဓာတုယာ သဒ္ဓိံ တာ စတဿောတိ ဣမာနိ စတ္တာရိ ဘူတာနိ, တေသံ ပရိစ္ဆေဒဝသေန အာကာသဓာတု, လဟုတာဒိဝသေန လဟုတာဒယောတိ ဧဝမိဒံ သဗ္ဗမ္ပိ ဘူတုပါဒါယရူပံ ရူပက္ခန္ဓော, တဒါရမ္မဏာ ဝေဒနာဒယော စတ္တာရော အရူပက္ခန္ဓာ. တတ္ထ ‘‘ရူပက္ခန္ဓော ရူပံ, စတ္တာရော အရူပိနော [Pg.64] ခန္ဓာ နာမ’’န္တိ. နာမရူပံ ဝဝတ္ထပေတွာ ပုရိမနယေနေဝ ပဋိပဇ္ဇန္တဿ ယာဝ အရဟတ္တာ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ ကထိတံ ဟောတိ.

These external sense bases have also been explained solely by way of the meditation subject for a single bhikkhu. Herein, the four beginning with the form base are derived matter. The tangible base is the three elements. In the mental-object base, there is the water element; together with it, those three become four elements. Thus, these four are the primary elements. By way of delimiting them, there is the space element; by way of lightness and so on, there are the qualities of lightness and so on. Thus, all this primary and derived matter is the aggregate of form. The four aggregates beginning with feeling, which have that form as their object, are the immaterial aggregates. Therein, 'the aggregate of form is form; the four immaterial aggregates are name.' Having thus determined name-and-form, for one who practices according to the previous method, the meditation subject is explained up to Arahantship.

ဩဃာနန္တိ ဧတ္ထ ဒုရုတ္တရဏဋ္ဌော ဩဃဋ္ဌော. ဧတေ ဟိ ‘‘သီလသံဝရံ ပူရေတွာ အရဟတ္တံ ပါပုဏိဿာမီ’’တိ အဇ္ဈာသယံ သမုဋ္ဌာပေတွာ ကလျာဏမိတ္တေ နိဿာယ သမ္မာ ဝါယမန္တေန တရိတဗ္ဗာ, ယေန ဝါ တေန ဝါ ဒုရုတ္တရာ. ဣမိနာ ဒုရုတ္တရဏဋ္ဌေန ဩဃာတိ ဝုစ္စန္တိ. တေပိ ဧကဿ ဘိက္ခုနော ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနဝသေန ကထိတာ. စတ္တာရောပိ ဟိ ဧတေ ဧကော သင်္ခါရက္ခန္ဓော ဝါတိ. သေသံ နန္ဒီရာဂေ ဝုတ္တနယေနေဝ ယောဇေတွာ ဝိတ္ထာရေတဗ္ဗံ.

Regarding the word 'floods' (ogha), the meaning of 'flood' is 'that which is difficult to cross.' For these floods must be crossed by one who strives rightly, relying on good spiritual friends, having generated the aspiration, 'Having fulfilled moral restraint, I will attain Arahantship.' Yet, by any means whatsoever, they are difficult to cross. Because of this meaning of 'difficult to cross,' they are called 'floods.' These too are explained by way of the meditation subject for a single bhikkhu. For all four of these floods are but a single aggregate of formations. The remainder should be connected and elaborated according to the method stated in the section on delight and lust.

သက္ကာယဿေတံ အဓိဝစနန္တိ, သက္ကာယောပိ ဟိ အာသီဝိသာဒီဟိ ဥဒကဏ္ဏဝဿ ဩရိမတီရံ ဝိယ စတုမဟာဘူတာဒီဟိ သာသင်္ကော သပ္ပဋိဘယော, သောပိ ဧကဿ ဘိက္ခုနော ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနဝသေနေဝ ကထိတော. သက္ကာယော ဟိ တေဘူမကပဉ္စက္ခန္ဓာ, တေ စ သမာသတော နာမရူပမေဝါတိ. ဧဝမေတ္ထ နာမရူပဝဝတ္ထာနံ အာဒိံ ကတွာ ယာဝ အရဟတ္တာ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ ဝိတ္ထာရေတဗ္ဗန္တိ.

This is a designation for the existing body. For the existing body, like the near shore of a great body of water infested with venomous snakes and so forth, is perilous and fearful on account of the four great elements and so on. That too has been explained solely by way of the meditation subject for a single bhikkhu. For the existing body is the five aggregates belonging to the three planes of existence, and these, in brief, are merely name-and-form. Thus, herein, beginning with the determination of name-and-form, the meditation subject should be elaborated up to Arahantship.

နိဗ္ဗာနဿေတံ အဓိဝစနန္တိ နိဗ္ဗာနဉှိ ဥဒကဏ္ဏဝဿ ပါရိမတီရံ ဝိယ စတုမဟာဘူတာဒီဟိ ခေမံ အပ္ပဋိဘယံ. ဝီရိယာရမ္ဘဿေတံ အဓိဝစနန္တိ ဧတ္ထ စိတ္တကိရိယဒဿနတ္ထံ ဟေဋ္ဌာ ဝုတ္တဝါယာမမေဝ ဝီရိယန္တိ ဂဏှိတွာ ဒဿေတိ. တိဏ္ဏော ပါရင်္ဂတောတိ တရိတွာ ပါရံ ဂတော.

This is a designation for Nibbāna; for Nibbāna, like the far shore of a great river, is safe and free from fear of the four great elements and so on. This is a designation for the undertaking of effort; here, to show the action of the mind, the exertion spoken of below is taken as 'effort' and shown. 'Having crossed over, gone to the far shore' means having crossed over and gone to the far shore.

တတ္ထ ယထာ သာသင်္ကဩရိမတီရေ ဌိတေန ဥဒကဏ္ဏဝံ တရိတုကာမေန ကတိပါဟံ ဝသိတွာ သဏိကံ နာဝံ သဇ္ဇေတွာ ဥဒကကီဠံ ကီဠန္တေန ဝိယ န နာဝါ အဘိရုဟိတဗ္ဗာ. ဧဝံ ကရောန္တော ဟိ အနာရုဠှောဝ ဗျသနံ ပါပုဏာတိ. ဧဝမေဝ ကိလေသဏ္ဏဝံ တရိတုကာမေန ‘‘တရုဏော တာဝမှိ, မဟလ္လကကာလေ အဋ္ဌင်္ဂိကမဂ္ဂကုလ္လံ ဗန္ဓိဿာမီ’’တိ ပပဉ္စော န ကာတဗ္ဗော. ဧဝံ ကရောန္တော ဟိ မဟလ္လကကာလံ အပတွာပိ ဝိနာသံ ပါပုဏာတိ, ပတွာပိ ကာတုံ န သက္ကောတိ. ဘဒ္ဒေကရတ္တာဒီနိ ပန အနုဿရိတွာ ဝေဂေနေဝ အယံ အရိယမဂ္ဂကုလ္လော ဗန္ဓိတဗ္ဗော.

Therein, just as one standing on the dangerous near shore, wishing to cross the great river, should not, after dwelling for some days and slowly preparing a boat, board it as if playing a water-game. For one who does so meets with disaster even before boarding. In the very same way, one wishing to cross the great river of defilements should not procrastinate, thinking, 'I am still young; in old age I will build the raft of the Noble Eightfold Path.' For one who does so meets with destruction even without reaching old age, and even if they reach it, they are unable to do it. But, having recollected the Bhaddekaratta Sutta and others, this raft of the Noble Path should be built with speed.

ယထာ စ ကုလ္လံ ဗန္ဓန္တဿ ဟတ္ထပါဒပါရိပူရိ ဣစ္ဆိတဗ္ဗာ. ကုဏ္ဌပါဒေါ ဟိ ခဉ္ဇပါဒေါ ဝါ ပတိဋ္ဌာတုံ န သက္ကောတိ, ဖဏဟတ္ထကာဒယော တိဏပဏ္ဏာဒီနိ ဂဟေတုံ န သက္ကောန္တိ. ဧဝမိမမ္ပိ အရိယမဂ္ဂကုလ္လံ ဗန္ဓန္တဿ သီလပါဒါနဉ္စေဝ သဒ္ဓါဟတ္ထဿ [Pg.65] စ ပါရိပူရိ ဣစ္ဆိတဗ္ဗာ. န ဟိ ဒုဿီလော အဿဒ္ဓေါ သာသနေ အပ္ပတိဋ္ဌိတော ပဋိပတ္တိံ အဿဒ္ဒဟန္တော အရိယမဂ္ဂကုလ္လံ ဗန္ဓိတုံ သက္ကောတိ. ယထာ စ ပရိပုဏ္ဏဟတ္ထပါဒေါပိ ဒုဗ္ဗလော ဗျာဓိပီဠိတော ကုလ္လံ ဗန္ဓိတုံ န သက္ကောတိ, ထာမသမ္ပန္နောဝ သက္ကောတိ, ဧဝံ သီလဝါ သဒ္ဓေါပိ အလသော ကုသီတော ဣမံ မဂ္ဂကုလ္လံ ဗန္ဓိတုံ န သက္ကောတိ, အာရဒ္ဓဝီရိယောဝ သက္ကောတီတိ ဣမံ ဗန္ဓိတုကာမေန အာရဒ္ဓဝီရိယေန ဘဝိတဗ္ဗံ. ယထာ သော ပုရိသော ကုလ္လံ ဗန္ဓိတွာ တီရေ ဌတွာ ယောဇနဝိတ္ထာရံ ဥဒကဏ္ဏဝံ ‘‘အယံ မယာ ပစ္စတ္တပုရိသကာရံ နိဿာယ နိတ္ထရိတဗ္ဗော’’တိ မာနသံ ဗန္ဓတိ, ဧဝံ ယောဂိနာပိ စင်္ကမာ ဩရုယှ ‘‘အဇ္ဇ မယာ စတုမဂ္ဂဝဇ္ဈံ ကိလေသဏ္ဏဝံ တရိတွာ အရဟတ္တေ ပတိဋ္ဌာတဗ္ဗ’’န္တိ မာနသံ ဗန္ဓိတဗ္ဗံ.

And just as one building a raft should wish for the completeness of hands and feet. For one with a maimed or lame foot cannot stand firm, and those with useless hands and the like cannot grasp grass, leaves, and so on. So too, one building this raft of the Noble Path should wish for the completeness of the feet of virtue and the hand of faith. For an immoral, faithless person, unestablished in the Dispensation and not having faith in the practice, cannot build the raft of the Noble Path. And just as one with complete hands and feet who is weak and afflicted by illness cannot build a raft—only one endowed with strength can—so too, a person who is virtuous and faithful but lazy and indolent cannot build this raft of the Path; only one with aroused effort can. Therefore, one wishing to build it must be one with aroused effort. Just as that person, having built the raft and standing on the shore, resolves in his mind, 'This great river, a yojana wide, must be crossed by me by relying on my own individual effort,' so too the yogi, having descended from his walking meditation path, should resolve in his mind, 'Today, having crossed the great river of defilements that are to be destroyed by the four paths, I must establish myself in Arahantship.'

ယထာ စ သော ပုရိသော ကုလ္လံ နိဿာယ ဥဒကဏ္ဏဝံ တရန္တော ဂါဝုတမတ္တံ ဂန္တွာ နိဝတ္တိတွာ ဩလောကေန္တော ‘‘ဧကကောဋ္ဌာသံ အတိက္ကန္တောမှိ, အညေ တယော သေသာ’’တိ ဇာနာတိ, အပရမ္ပိ ဂါဝုတမတ္တံ ဂန္တွာ နိဝတ္တိတွာ ဩလောကေန္တော ‘‘ဒွေ အတိက္ကန္တောမှိ, ဒွေ သေသာ’’တိ ဇာနာတိ, အပရမ္ပိ ဂါဝုတမတ္တံ ဂန္တွာ နိဝတ္တိတွာ ဩလောကေန္တော ‘‘တယော အတိက္ကန္တောမှိ, ဧကော သေသော’’တိ ဇာနာတိ, တမ္ပိ အတိက္ကမ္မ နိဝတ္တိတွာ ဩလောကေန္တော ‘‘စတ္တာရောပိ မေ ကောဋ္ဌသာ အတိက္ကန္တာ’’တိ ဇာနာတိ, တဉ္စ ကုလ္လံ ပါဒေန အက္ကမိတွာ သောတာဘိမုခံ ခိပိတွာ ဥတ္တရိတွာ တီရေ တိဋ္ဌတိ. ဧဝံ အယမ္ပိ ဘိက္ခု အရိယမဂ္ဂကုလ္လံ နိဿာယ ကိလေသဏ္ဏဝံ တရန္တော သောတာပတ္တိမဂ္ဂေန ပဌမမဂ္ဂဝဇ္ဈေ ကိလေသေ တရိတွာ မဂ္ဂါနန္တရေ ဖလေ ဌိတော ပစ္စဝေက္ခဏဉာဏေန နိဝတ္တိတွာ ဩလောကေန္တော ‘‘စတုမဂ္ဂဝဇ္ဈာနံ မေ ကိလေသာနံ ဧကော ကောဋ္ဌာသော ပဟီနော, ဣတရေ တယော သေသာ’’တိ ဇာနာတိ. ပုန တထေဝ ဣန္ဒြိယဗလဗောဇ္ဈင်္ဂါနိ သမောဓာနေတွာ သင်္ခါရေ သမ္မသန္တော သကဒါဂါမိမဂ္ဂေန ဒုတိယမဂ္ဂဝဇ္ဈေ ကိလေသေ တရိတွာ မဂ္ဂါနန္တရေ ဖလေ ဌိတော ပစ္စဝေက္ခဏဉာဏေန နိဝတ္တိတွာ, ဩလောကေန္တော ‘‘စတုမဂ္ဂဝဇ္ဈာနံ မေ ကိလေသာနံ ဒွေ ကောဋ္ဌာသာ ပဟီနာ[Pg.66], ဣတရေ ဒွေ သေသာ’’တိ ဇာနာတိ. ပုန တထေဝ ဣန္ဒြိယဗလဗောဇ္ဈင်္ဂါနိ သမောဓာနေတွာ သင်္ခါရေ သမ္မသန္တော အနာဂါမိမဂ္ဂေန တတိယမဂ္ဂဝဇ္ဈေ ကိလေသေ တရိတွာ မဂ္ဂါနန္တရေ ဖလေ ဌိတော ပစ္စဝေက္ခဏဉာဏေန နိဝတ္တိတွာ ဩလောကေန္တော ‘‘စတုမဂ္ဂဝဇ္ဈာနံ မေ ကိလေသာနံ တယော ကောဋ္ဌာသာ ပဟီနာ, ဧကော သေသော’’တိ ဇာနာတိ. ပုန တထေဝ ဣန္ဒြိယဗလဗောဇ္ဈင်္ဂါနိ သမောဓာနေတွာ သင်္ခါရေ သမ္မသန္တော အရဟတ္တမဂ္ဂေန စတုတ္ထမဂ္ဂဝဇ္ဈေ ကိလေသေ တရိတွာ မဂ္ဂါနန္တရေ ဖလေ ဌိတော ပစ္စဝေက္ခဏဉာဏေန နိဝတ္တိတွာ ဩလောကေန္တော ‘‘သဗ္ဗကိလေသာ မေ ပဟီနာ’’တိ ဇာနာတိ.

And just as that man, relying on a raft to cross the great river, having gone a distance of one gāvuta, turns back and looks, and knows, 'I have crossed one part; three others remain'; and having gone another gāvuta, turns back and looks, and knows, 'I have crossed two parts; two remain'; and having gone yet another gāvuta, turns back and looks, and knows, 'I have crossed three parts; one remains'; and having crossed that too, turns back and looks, and knows, 'All four parts have been crossed by me'; and then, pressing the raft with his foot, he casts it to face the current, gets out, and stands on the shore. In the very same way, this bhikkhu, relying on the raft of the Noble Path to cross the great river of defilements, having with the path of stream-entry crossed the defilements to be destroyed by the first path, stands in the fruition immediately following the path. With the knowledge of review, he turns back and looks, and knows, 'Of the defilements to be destroyed by the four paths, one part has been abandoned by me; the other three remain.' Again, in the same way, having harmonized the faculties, powers, and enlightenment factors, and contemplating the formations, he, with the path of the once-returner, crosses the defilements to be destroyed by the second path and stands in the fruition immediately following the path. With the knowledge of review, he turns back and looks, and knows, 'Of the defilements to be destroyed by the four paths, two parts have been abandoned by me; the other two remain.' Again, in the same way, having harmonized the faculties, powers, and enlightenment factors, and contemplating the formations, he, with the path of the non-returner, crosses the defilements to be destroyed by the third path and stands in the fruition immediately following the path. With the knowledge of review, he turns back and looks, and knows, 'Of the defilements to be destroyed by the four paths, three parts have been abandoned by me; one remains.' Again, in the same way, having harmonized the faculties, powers, and enlightenment factors, and contemplating the formations, he, with the path of Arahantship, crosses the defilements to be destroyed by the fourth path and stands in the fruition immediately following the path. With the knowledge of review, he turns back and looks, and knows, 'All my defilements have been abandoned.'

ယထာ သော ပုရိသော တံ ကုလ္လံ သောတေ ပဝါဟေတွာ ဥတ္တရိတွာ ထလေ ဌိတော နဂရံ ပဝိသိတွာ ဥပရိပါသာဒဝရဂတော ‘‘ဧတ္တကေန ဝတမှိ အနတ္ထေန မုတ္တော’’တိ ဧကဂ္ဂစိတ္တော တုဋ္ဌမာနသော နိသီဒတိ, ဧဝံ တသ္မိံယေဝ ဝါ အာသနေ အညေသု ဝါ ရတ္တိဋ္ဌာနဒိဝါဋ္ဌာနာဒီသု ယတ္ထ ကတ္ထစိ နိသိန္နော ‘‘ဧတ္တကေန ဝတမှိ အနတ္ထေန မုတ္တော’’တိ နိဗ္ဗာနာရမ္မဏံ ဖလသမာပတ္တိံ အပ္ပေတွာ ဧကဂ္ဂစိတ္တော တုဋ္ဌမာနသော နိသီဒတိ. ဣဒံ ဝါ သန္ဓာယ ဝုတ္တံ တိဏ္ဏော ပါရင်္ဂတော ထလေ တိဋ္ဌတိ ဗြာဟ္မဏောတိ ခေါ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, အရဟတော ဧတံ အဓိဝစနန္တိ. ဧဝံ တာဝေတ္ထ နာနာကမ္မဋ္ဌာနာနိ ကထိတာနိ, သမောဓာနေတွာ ပန သဗ္ဗာနိပိ ဧကမေဝ ကတွာ ဒဿေတဗ္ဗာနိ. ဧကံ ကတွာ ဒဿေန္တေနာပိ ပဉ္စက္ခန္ဓဝသေနေဝ ဝိနိဝတ္တေတဗ္ဗာနိ.

Just as that man, having let the raft float away in the current, crossed over, stood on dry land, entered the city, ascended to a fine palace, and sat down with a concentrated mind and a delighted heart, thinking, 'Indeed, I am freed from such great misfortune,' so too, whether in that very seat or in other places for staying at night or during the day, wherever one sits, having entered upon the fruition attainment which has Nibbāna as its object, thinking, 'Indeed, I am freed from such great misfortune,' one sits with a concentrated mind and a delighted heart. It was with reference to this that it was said: 'Bhikkhus, “Having crossed over, gone to the far shore, he stands on dry land, a brahmin”—this is a designation for an Arahant.' Thus, various meditation subjects have been taught here; but, having brought them all together, they should be shown as just one. And even by one showing them as one, they should be resolved by way of the five aggregates.

ကထံ? ဧတ္ထ ဟိ စတ္တာရိ မဟာဘူတာနိ အဇ္ဈတ္တိကာနိ ပဉ္စာယတနာနိ ဗာဟိရာနိ ပဉ္စာယတနာနိ ဓမ္မာယတနေ ပန္နရသ သုခုမရူပါနိ သက္ကာယဿ ဧကဒေသောတိ အယံ ရူပက္ခန္ဓော, မနာယတနံ ဝိညာဏက္ခန္ဓော ဓမ္မာယတနေကဒေသော စတ္တာရော ဩဃာ သက္ကာယေကဒေသောတိ ဣမေ စတ္တာရော အရူပိနော ခန္ဓာ. တတ္ထ ရူပက္ခန္ဓော ရူပံ, စတ္တာရော အရူပိနော ခန္ဓာ နာမန္တိ ဣဒံ နာမရူပံ. တဿ နန္ဒီရာဂေါ ကာမောဃော ဘဝေါဃော ဓမ္မာယတနေကဒေသော သက္ကာယေကဒေသောတိ ဣမေ ပစ္စယာ. ဣတိ သပ္ပစ္စယံ နာမရူပံ ဝဝတ္ထပေတိ နာမ. သပ္ပစ္စယံ နာမရူပံ ဝဝတ္ထပေတွာ တိလက္ခဏံ အာရောပေတွာ ဝိပဿနံ ဝဍ္ဎေတွာ သင်္ခါရေ သမ္မသန္တော အရဟတ္တံ ပါပုဏာတီတိ ဣဒံ ဧကဿ ဘိက္ခုနော နိယျာနမုခံ.

How? Herein, the four great elements, the five internal sense bases, the five external sense bases, the fifteen subtle forms within the dhamma-base, and a part of the existing body—this is the form aggregate. The mind-base is the consciousness aggregate. A part of the dhamma-base, the four floods, and a part of the existing body—these are the four immaterial aggregates. Therein, the form aggregate is form, and the four immaterial aggregates are name; this is name-and-form. Its conditions are these: delight and lust, the flood of sensuality, the flood of existence, a part of the dhamma-base, and a part of the existing body. Thus is name-and-form with its conditions defined. Having defined name-and-form with its conditions, having applied the three characteristics, having developed insight, and contemplating the formations, one attains Arahantship. This is the means of escape for one bhikkhu.

တတ္ထ စတ္တာရော မဟာဘူတာ ပဉ္စုပါဒါနက္ခန္ဓာ အဇ္ဈတ္တိကဗာဟိရာနိ ဧကာဒသာယတနာနိ ဓမ္မာယတနေကဒေသော ဒိဋ္ဌောဃော အဝိဇ္ဇောဃော သက္ကာယေကဒေသောတိ ဣဒံ ဒုက္ခသစ္စံ, နန္ဒီရာဂေါ ဓမ္မာယတနေကဒေသော ကာမောဃော ဘဝေါဃော သက္ကာယေကဒေသောတိ ဣဒံ သမုဒယသစ္စံ, ပါရိမတီရသင်္ခါတံ [Pg.67] နိဗ္ဗာနံ နိရောဓသစ္စံ, အရိယမဂ္ဂေါ မဂ္ဂသစ္စံ. တတ္ထ ဒွေ သစ္စာနိ ဝဋ္ဋံ, ဒွေ ဝိဝဋ္ဋံ, ဒွေ လောကိယာနိ, ဒွေ လောကုတ္တရာနီတိ စတ္တာရိ သစ္စာနိ သောဠသဟာကာရေဟိ သဋ္ဌိနယသဟဿေဟိ ဝိဘဇိတွာ ဒဿေတဗ္ဗာနီတိ. ဒေသနာပရိယောသာနေ ဝိပဉ္စိတညူ ပဉ္စသတာ ဘိက္ခူ အရဟတ္တေ ပတိဋ္ဌဟိံသု. သုတ္တံ ပန ဒုက္ခလက္ခဏဝသေန ကထိတံ.

Herein, the four great elements, the five aggregates of clinging, the eleven internal and external sense bases, a portion of the dhamma-base, the flood of views, the flood of ignorance, and a portion of the existing body—this is the truth of suffering. Delight and lust, a portion of the dhamma-base, the flood of sensuality, the flood of existence, and a portion of the existing body—this is the truth of the origin. Nibbāna, known as the further shore, is the truth of cessation. The noble path is the truth of the path. Herein, two truths are of the round of existence, two are of the escape from the round; two are mundane, two are supramundane. Thus, the four truths should be taught by analyzing them with sixteen aspects and sixty thousand methods. At the end of the discourse, five hundred bhikkhus of penetrative understanding were established in Arahantship. The Sutta, however, was taught by way of the characteristic of suffering.

၂. ရထောပမသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

2. Commentary on the Sutta of the Chariot Simile.

၂၃၉. ဒုတိယေ သုခသောမနဿဗဟုလောတိ ကာယိကသုခဉ္စေဝ စေတသိကသောမနဿဉ္စ ဗဟုလံ အဿာတိ သုခသောမနဿဗဟုလော. ယောနိ စဿ အာရဒ္ဓါ ဟောတီတိ ကာရဏဉ္စဿ ပရိပုဏ္ဏံ ဟောတိ. အာသဝါနံ ခယာယာတိ ဣဓ အာသဝက္ခယောတိ အရဟတ္တမဂ္ဂေါ အဓိပ္ပေတော, တဒတ္ထာယာတိ အတ္ထော. ဩဓသ္တပတောဒေါတိ ရထမဇ္ဈေ တိရိယံ ဌပိတပတောဒေါ. ယေနိစ္ဆကန္တိ ယေန ဒိသာဘာဂေန ဣစ္ဆတိ. ယဒိစ္ဆကန္တိ ယံ ယံ ဂမနံ ဣစ္ဆတိ. သာရေယျာတိ ပေသေယျ. ပစ္စာသာရေယျာတိ ပဋိဝိနိဝတ္တေယျ. အာရက္ခာယာတိ ရက္ခဏတ္ထာယ. သံယမာယာတိ ဝေဂနိဂ္ဂဟဏတ္ထာယ. ဒမာယာတိ နိဗ္ဗိသေဝနတ္ထာယ. ဥပသမာယာတိ ကိလေသူပသမတ္ထာယ.

239. In the second sutta, 'abundant in pleasure and joy' means that for him bodily pleasure and mental joy are abundant; thus, he is abundant in pleasure and joy. 'And his foundation is well established' means his cause is complete. 'For the destruction of the taints': here, 'destruction of the taints' is intended to mean the path of Arahantship; 'for the sake of that' is the meaning. 'With goad at rest' means a goad placed crosswise in the middle of the chariot. 'As he wishes' means by whichever direction he wishes. 'Whatever he wishes' means whatever movement he wishes. 'He would drive' means he would send forth. 'He would draw back' means he would turn back. 'For protection' means for the sake of guarding. 'For restraint' means for the sake of suppressing momentum. 'For taming' means for the sake of non-indulgence. 'For calming' means for the sake of pacifying the defilements.

ဧဝမေဝ ခေါတိ ဧတ္ထ ယထာ အကုသလဿ သာရထိနော အဒန္တေ သိန္ဓဝေ ယောဇေတွာ ဝိသမမဂ္ဂေန ရထံ ပေသေန္တဿ စက္ကာနိပိ ဘိဇ္ဇန္တိ, အက္ခောပိ သိန္ဓဝါနဉ္စ ခုရာ, အတ္တနာပိ အနယဗျသနံ ပါပုဏာတိ, န စ ဣစ္ဆိတိစ္ဆိတေန ဂမနေန သာရေတုံ သက္ကောတိ; ဧဝံ ဆသု ဣန္ဒြိယေသု အဂုတ္တဒွါရော ဘိက္ခု န ဣစ္ဆိတိစ္ဆိတံ သမဏရတိံ အနုဘဝိတုံ သက္ကောတိ. ယထာ ပန ဆေကော သာရထိ ဒန္တေ သိန္ဓဝေ ယောဇေတွာ, သမေ ဘူမိဘာဂေ ရထံ ဩတာရေတွာ ရသ္မိယော ဂဟေတွာ, သိန္ဓဝါနံ ခုရေသု သတိံ ဌပေတွာ, ပတောဒံ အာဒါယ နိဗ္ဗိသေဝနေ ကတွာ, ပေသေန္တော ဣစ္ဆိတိစ္ဆိတေန ဂမနေန သာရေတိ. ဧဝမေဝ ဆသု ဣန္ဒြိယေသု ဂုတ္တဒွါရော ဘိက္ခု ဣမသ္မိံ သာသနေ ဣစ္ဆိတိစ္ဆိတံ သမဏရတိံ အနုဘောတိ, သစေ အနိစ္စာနုပဿနာဘိမုခံ ဉာဏံ ပေသေတုကာမော ဟောတိ, တဒဘိမုခံ ဉာဏံ ဂစ္ဆတိ. ဒုက္ခာနုပဿနာဒီသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော.

Just so, herein, just as when an unskilled charioteer yokes untamed horses and drives the chariot along an uneven path, the wheels break, the axle breaks, and the horses' hooves break, and he himself meets with ruin and disaster, and he cannot drive as he wishes; in the same way, a bhikkhu with unguarded doors in his six senses cannot experience the recluse's delight as he wishes. But just as a skilled charioteer, having yoked well-trained horses, having brought the chariot onto level ground, having taken the reins, having established mindfulness on the horses' hooves, having taken the goad, and having made them non-indulgent, drives as he wishes; in the same way, a bhikkhu with guarded doors in his six senses experiences the recluse's delight in this Dispensation as he wishes. If he wishes to direct his knowledge towards the contemplation of impermanence, his knowledge goes in that direction. The same method applies to the contemplation of suffering and so on.

ဘောဇနေ မတ္တညူတိ ဘောဇနမှိ ပမာဏညူ. တတ္ထ ဒွေ ပမာဏာနိ – ပဋိဂ္ဂဟဏပမာဏဉ္စ ပရိဘောဂပမာဏဉ္စ. တတ္ထ ပဋိဂ္ဂဟဏပမာဏေ ဒါယကဿ ဝသော [Pg.68] ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော, ဒေယျဓမ္မဿ ဝသော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော, အတ္တနော ထာမော ဇာနိတဗ္ဗော. ဧဝရူပေါ ဟိ ဘိက္ခု သစေ ဒေယျဓမ္မော ဗဟုကော ဟောတိ, ဒါယကော အပ္ပံ ဒါတုကာမော, ဒါယကဿ ဝသေန အပ္ပံ ဂဏှာတိ. ဒေယျဓမ္မော အပ္ပော, ဒါယကော ဗဟုံ ဒါတုကာမော, ဒေယျဓမ္မဿ ဝသေန အပ္ပံ ဂဏှာတိ. ဒေယျဓမ္မောပိ ဗဟု, ဒါယကောပိ ဗဟုံ ဒါတုကာမော, အတ္တနော ထာမံ ဉတွာ ပမာဏေန ဂဏှာတိ. သော တာယ ပဋိဂ္ဂဟဏေ မတ္တညုတာယ အနုပ္ပန္နဉ္စ လာဘံ ဥပ္ပာဒေတိ, ဥပ္ပန္နဉ္စ ထာဝရံ ကရောတိ ဓမ္မိကတိဿမဟာရာဇကာလေ သတ္တဝဿိကော သာမဏေရော ဝိယ.

‘Knowing moderation in food’ means knowing the proper measure in food. Herein there are two measures: the measure in receiving and the measure in consuming. Regarding the measure in receiving, one should know the donor's wish, one should know the amount of the offering, and one's own capacity should be known. For a bhikkhu of this kind, if the offering is plentiful but the donor wishes to give little, he takes little in accordance with the donor's wish. If the offering is meager but the donor wishes to give much, he takes little in accordance with the amount of the offering. If the offering is plentiful and the donor also wishes to give much, knowing his own capacity, he takes a measured amount. Through such knowledge of moderation in receiving, he generates gains that have not yet arisen and makes stable those that have arisen, like the seven-year-old novice in the time of the righteous Great King Tissa.

ရညော ကိရ ပဉ္စဟိ သကဋသတေဟိ ဂုဠံ အာဟရိံသု. ရာဇာ ‘‘မနာပေါ ပဏ္ဏာကာရော, အယျေဟိ ဝိနာ န ခါဒိဿာမာ’’တိ အဍ္ဎတေယျာနိ သကဋသတာနိ မဟာဝိဟာရံ ပေသေတွာ သယမ္ပိ ဘုတ္တပါတရာသော အဂမာသိ. ဘေရိယာ ပဟဋာယ ဒွါဒသ ဘိက္ခုသဟဿာနိ သန္နိပတိံသု. ရာဇာ ဧကမန္တေ ဌိတော အာရာမိကံ ပက္ကောသာပေတွာ အာဟ – ‘‘ရညော နာမ ဒါနေ ပတ္တပူရောဝ ပမာဏံ, ဂဟိတဘာဇနံ ပူရေတွာဝ ဒေဟိ, သစေ ကောစိ မတ္တပဋိဂ္ဂဟဏေ ဌိတော န ဂဏှာတိ, မယှံ အာရောစေယျာသီ’’တိ.

It is said that five hundred cartloads of molasses were brought for the king. The king thought, 'This is a pleasing gift; I will not eat it without the venerable ones.' Having sent two hundred and fifty cartloads to the Mahāvihāra, he himself went there after his morning meal. When the drum was struck, twelve thousand bhikkhus assembled. The king, standing to one side, had a monastery attendant summoned and said: 'For a donation from one called a king, a full bowl is the measure. You must fill the bowl that is taken and only then give. If anyone, standing for a measured reception, does not accept a full bowl, you must inform me.'

အထေကော မဟာထေရော ‘‘မဟာဗောဓိမဟာစေတိယာနိ ဝန္ဒိဿာမီ’’တိ စေတိယပဗ္ဗတာ အာဂန္တွာ, ဝိဟာရံ ပဝိသန္တော မဟာမဏ္ဍပဋ္ဌာနေ ဘိက္ခူ ဂုဠံ ဂဏှန္တေ ဒိသွာ ပစ္ဆတော အာဂစ္ဆန္တံ သာမဏေရံ အာဟ, ‘‘နတ္ထိ တေ ဂုဠေန အတ္ထော’’တိ. ‘‘အာမ, ဘန္တေ, နတ္ထီ’’တိ. သာမဏေရ မယံ မဂ္ဂကိလန္တာ, ဧကေန ကပိဋ္ဌဖလမတ္တေန ပိဏ္ဍကေန အမှာကံ အတ္ထောတိ. သာမဏေရော ထာလကံ နီဟရိတွာ ထေရဿ ဝဿဂ္ဂပဋိပါဋိယံ အဋ္ဌာသိ. အာရာမိကော ဂဟဏမာနံ ပူရေတွာ ဥက္ခိပိ, သာမဏေရော အင်္ဂုလိံ စာလေသိ. တာတ သာမဏေရ, ရာဇကုလာနံ ဒါနေ ဘာဇနပူရမေဝ ပမာဏံ, ထာလကပူရံ ဂဏှာဟီတိ. အာမ, ဥပါသက, ရာဇာနော နာမ မဟဇ္ဈာသယာ ဟောန္တိ, အမှာကံ ပန ဥပဇ္ဈာယဿ ဧတ္တကေနေဝ အတ္ထောတိ.

Then, a certain great elder, thinking, “I will pay homage to the Great Bodhi Tree and the Great Cetiya,” came from Cetiyapabbata. As he was entering the monastery, he saw monks receiving jaggery in the great pavilion. Seeing a novice coming from behind, he said, “Do you have no need for jaggery?” “Yes, venerable sir, I have no need.” The elder then said, “Novice, we are weary from the journey. We have need of a single lump of jaggery the size of a wood-apple fruit.” The novice took out a bowl and stood in the line according to the elder's seniority. The monastery attendant filled the receiving bowl and lifted it, but the novice moved his finger. The attendant said, “Dear novice, in the donations of royal families, a full bowl is the measure. Take a full bowl.” The novice replied, “Yes, lay devotee, kings are indeed of great aspiration, but our preceptor has need of only this much.”

ရာဇာ တဿ ကထံ သုတွာ, ‘‘ကိံ ဘော သာမဏေရော ဘဏတီ’’တိ? တဿ သန္တိကံ ဂတော. အာရာမိကော အာဟ – ‘‘သာမိ, သာမဏေရဿ ဘာဇနံ ခုဒ္ဒကံ, ဗဟုံ န ဂဏှာတီ’’တိ. ရာဇာ အာဟ, ‘‘အာနီတဘာဇနံ ပူရေတွာ ဂဏှထ, ဘန္တေ’’တိ. မဟာရာဇ, ရာဇာနော နာမ မဟဇ္ဈာသယာ ဟောန္တိ[Pg.69], ဥက္ခိတ္တဘာဇနံ ပူရေတွာဝ ဒါတုကာမာ, အမှာကံ ပန ဥပဇ္ဈာယဿ ဧတ္တကေနေဝ အတ္ထောတိ. ရာဇာ စိန္တေသိ – ‘‘အယံ သတ္တဝဿိကဒါရကော, အဇ္ဇာပိဿ မုခတော ခီရဂန္ဓော န မုစ္စတိ, ဂဟေတွာ ကုဋေ ဝါ ကုဋုမ္ဗေ ဝါ ပူရေတွာ သွေပိ ပုနဒိဝသေပိ ခါဒိဿာမာတိ န ဝဒတိ, သက္ကာ ဗုဒ္ဓသာသနံ ပရိဂ္ဂဟေတု’’န္တိ ပုရိသေ အာဏာပေသိ, ‘‘ဘော, ပသန္နောမှိ သာမဏေရဿ, ဣတရာနိပိ အဍ္ဎတေယျာနိ သကဋသတာနိ အာနေတွာ သဃံဿ ဒေထာ’’တိ.

Hearing his words, the king went to him and asked, “Sirs, what is the novice saying?” The monastery attendant said, “Lord, the novice's bowl is small; he does not take much.” The king said, “Venerable sir, please take it, having filled the bowl you brought.” The novice replied, “Great King, kings are indeed of great aspiration and wish to give only by filling the lifted bowl. However, our preceptor has need of only this much.” The king thought: “This is a seven-year-old boy, and even now the scent of milk has not left his mouth. He does not say, ‘I will take this and fill small pots or large bins and eat tomorrow and the day after.’ He is capable of upholding the Buddha's Dispensation.” He then commanded his men, “Sirs, I am pleased with this novice. Bring the other two hundred and fifty cartloads and give them to the Sangha.”

သောယေဝ ပန ရာဇာ ဧကဒိဝသံ တိတ္တိရမံသံ ခါဒိတုကာမော စိန္တေသိ – ‘‘သစေ အဟံ အင်္ဂါရပက္ကံ တိတ္တိရမံသံ ခါဒိတုကာမောသ္မီတိ အညဿ ကထေဿာမိ, သမန္တာ ယောဇနဋ္ဌာနေ တိတ္တိရသမုဂ္ဃာတံ ကရိဿန္တီ’’တိ ဥပ္ပန္နံ ပိပါသံ အဓိဝါသေန္တော တီဏိ သံဝစ္ဆရာနိ ဝီတိနာမေသိ. အထဿ ကဏ္ဏေသု ပုဗ္ဗော သဏ္ဌာသိ, သော အဓိဝါသေတုံ အသက္ကောန္တော ‘‘အတ္ထိ နု ခေါ, ဘော, အမှာကံ ကောစိ ဥပဋ္ဌာကုပါသကော သီလရက္ခကော’’တိ ပုစ္ဆိ. အာမ, ဒေဝ, အတ္ထိ, တိဿော နာမ သော အခဏ္ဍသီလံ ရက္ခတီတိ. အထ နံ ဝီမံသိတုကာမော ပက္ကောသာပေသိ. သော အာဂန္တွာ ရာဇာနံ ဝန္ဒိတွာ အဋ္ဌာသိ. တတော နံ အာဟ – ‘‘တွံ, တာတ, တိဿော နာမာ’’တိ? ‘‘အာမ ဒေဝါ’’တိ. တေန ဟိ ဂစ္ဆာတိ. တသ္မိံ ဂတေ ဧကံ ကုက္ကုဋံ အာဟရာပေတွာ ဧကံ ပုရိသံ အာဏာပေသိ, ‘‘ဂစ္ဆ တိဿံ ဝဒါဟိ, ဣမံ တီဟိ ပါကေဟိ ပစိတွာ အမှာကံ ဥပဋ္ဌာပေဟီ’’တိ. သော ဂန္တွာ တထာ အဝေါစ. သော အာဟ – ‘‘သစေ, ဘော, အယံ မတကော အဿ, ယထာ ဇာနာမိ, တထာ ပစိတွာ ဥပဋ္ဌဟေယျံ. ပါဏာတိပါတံ ပနာဟံ န ကရောမီ’’တိ. သော အာဂန္တွာ ရညော အာရောစေသိ.

That very king, one day desiring to eat partridge meat, thought: “If I tell another that I desire to eat partridge meat cooked on embers, they will cause a slaughter of partridges in the area of a yojana all around.” Enduring the craving that had arisen, he let three years pass. Then pus formed in his ears. Unable to endure it, he asked, “Sirs, is there for us any lay attendant who protects his virtue?” They replied, “Yes, Your Majesty, there is. He is named Tissa, and he protects his virtue unbrokenly.” Then, desiring to test him, the king had him summoned. He came, paid homage to the king, and stood there. Then the king asked him, “Dear boy, are you the one named Tissa?” When he replied, “Yes, Your Majesty,” the king said, “In that case, go.” When he had gone, the king had a chicken brought and commanded a man, “Go, tell Tissa, ‘Cook this in three ways and serve it to us.’” He went and said so. Tissa replied, “Sir, if this were dead, I would cook and serve it according to my knowledge. But I do not commit the destruction of life.” The man returned and reported this to the king.

ရာဇာ ပုန ‘‘ဧကဝါရံ ဂစ္ဆာ’’တိ ပေသေသိ. သော ဂန္တွာ, ‘‘ဘော, ရာဇုပဋ္ဌာနံ နာမ ဘာရိယံ, မာ ဧဝံ ကရိ, ပုနပိ သီလံ သက္ကာ သမာဒါတုံ, ပစေတ’’န္တိ အာဟ. အထ နံ တိဿော အဝေါစ, ‘‘ဘော, ဧကသ္မိံ နာမ အတ္တဘာဝေ ဓုဝံ ဧကံ မရဏံ, နာဟံ ပါဏာတိပါတံ ကရိဿာမီ’’တိ. သော ပုနပိ ရညော အာရောစေသိ. ရာဇာ တတိယမ္ပိ ပေသေတွာ အသမ္ပဋိစ္ဆန္တံ ပက္ကောသာပေတွာ အတ္တနာ ပုစ္ဆိ. ရညောပိ တထေဝ ပဋိဝစနံ အဒါသိ. အထ ရာဇာ ပုရိသေ အာဏာပေသိ, ‘‘အယံ ရညော အာဏံ ကောပေတိ, ဂစ္ဆထေတဿ အာဃာတနဘဏ္ဍိကာယံ ဌပေတွာ, သီသံ ဆိန္ဒထာ’’တိ. ရဟော [Pg.70] စ ပန နေသံ သညမဒါသိ – ‘‘ဣမံ သန္တဇ္ဇယမာနာ နေတွာ သီသမဿ အာဃာတနဘဏ္ဍိကာယံ ဌပေတွာ အာဂန္တွာ မယှံ အာရောစေထာ’’တိ.

The king sent him again, saying, “Go one more time.” He went and said, “Sir, serving the king is a heavy burden. Do not act thus. It is possible to undertake the precepts again. Cook this.” Then Tissa said to him, “Sir, in one existence, one death is certain. I will not commit the destruction of life.” He again reported this to the king. The king sent for him a third time, and when Tissa did not consent, he had him summoned and questioned him personally. To the king as well, he gave the same reply. Then the king commanded his men, “This one violates the king's command. Go, place him on the execution block and cut off his head.” But in private, he gave them a sign: “Take him away while threatening him, place his head on the execution block, and then come and report to me.”

တေ တံ အာဃာတနဘဏ္ဍိကာယံ နိပဇ္ဇာပေတွာ တမဿ ကုက္ကုဋံ ဟတ္ထေသု ဌပယိံသု. သော တံ ဟဒယေ ဌပေတွာ ‘‘အဟံ, တာတ, မမ ဇီဝိတံ တုယှံ ဒေမိ, တဝ ဇီဝိတံ အဟံ ဂဏှာမိ, တွံ နိဗ္ဘယော ဂစ္ဆာ’’တိ ဝိဿဇ္ဇေသိ. ကုက္ကုဋော ပက္ခေ ပပ္ဖောဋေတွာ အာကာသေန ဂန္တွာ ဝဋရုက္ခေ နိလီယိ. တဿ ကုက္ကုဋဿ အဘယဒိန္နဋ္ဌာနံ ကုက္ကုဋဂိရိ နာမ ဇာတံ.

They made him lie down on the execution block and placed that chicken in his hands. He placed it on his chest and said, “Dear one, I give my life to you; I take your life. You go without fear,” and released it. The chicken flapped its wings, went through the sky, and perched on a banyan tree. The place where safety was given to that chicken became known as Kukkuṭagiri.

ရာဇာ တံ ပဝတ္တိံ သုတွာ အမစ္စပုတ္တံ ပက္ကောသာပေတွာ သဗ္ဗာဘရဏေဟိ အလင်္ကရိတွာ အာဟ – ‘‘တာတ, မယာ တွံ ဧတဒတ္ထမေဝ ဝီမံသိတော, မယှံ တိတ္တိရမံသံ ခါဒိတုကာမဿ တီဏိ သံဝစ္ဆရာနိ အတိက္ကန္တာနိ, သက္ခိဿသိ မေ တိကောဋိပရိသုဒ္ဓံ ကတွာ ဥပဋ္ဌာပေတု’’န္တိ. ‘‘ဧတံ နာမ, ဒေဝ, မယှံ ကမ္မ’’န္တိ နိက္ခမိတွာ ဒွါရန္တရေ ဌိတော ဧကံ ပုရိသံ ပါတောဝ တယော တိတ္တိရေ ဂဟေတွာ ပဝိသန္တံ ဒိသွာ, ဒွေ ကဟာပဏေ ဒတွာ တိတ္တိရေ အာဒါယ ပရိသောဓေတွာ, ဇီရကာဒီဟိ ဝါသေတွာ, အင်္ဂါရေသု သုပက္ကေ ပစိတွာ ရညော ဥပဋ္ဌာပေသိ. ရာဇာ မဟာတလေ သိရီပလ္လင်္ကေ နိသိန္နောဝ ဧကံ ဂဟေတွာ ထောကံ ဆိန္ဒိတွာ မုခေ ပက္ခိပိ, တာဝဒေဝဿ သတ္တရသဟရဏီသဟဿာနိ ဖရိတွာ အဋ္ဌာသိ.

Hearing this account, the king summoned the minister's son, had him adorned with all ornaments, and said: “Dear son, I tested you for this very reason. For me, who has desired to eat partridge meat, three years have passed. Will you be able to prepare it for me, making it pure in three aspects?” “Your Majesty, this is indeed my duty,” he replied. Going out, he stood in a doorway and saw a man entering early in the morning carrying three partridges he had caught. He gave the man two kahāpaṇas, took the partridges, cleaned them, seasoned them with cumin and other spices, cooked them perfectly on embers, and served them to the king. The king was on the grand terrace. While still seated on his royal couch, he took one, cut off a small piece, and placed it in his mouth. At that very moment, the taste spread through and established itself in his seven thousand taste-bearing nerves.

တသ္မိံ သမယေ ဘိက္ခုသံဃံ သရိတွာ, ‘‘မာဒိသော နာမ ပထဝိဿရော ရာဇာ တိတ္တိရမံသံ ခါဒိတုကာမော တီဏိ သံဝစ္ဆရာနိ န လဘိ, အပစ္စမာနော ဘိက္ခုသံဃော ကုတော လဘိဿတီ’’တိ? မုခေ ပက္ခိတ္တက္ခဏ္ဍံ ဘူမိယံ ဆဍ္ဍေသိ. အမစ္စပုတ္တော ဇဏ္ဏုကေဟိ ပတိတွာ မုခေန ဂဏှိ. ရာဇာ ‘‘အပေဟိ, တာတ, ဇာနာမဟံ တဝ နိဒ္ဒေါသဘာဝံ, ဣမိနာ နာမ ကာရဏေန မယာ ဧတံ ဆဍ္ဍိတ’’န္တိ ကထေတွာ, ‘‘သေသကံ တထေဝ သင်္ဂေါပေတွာ ဌပေဟီ’’တိ အာဟ.

At that moment, remembering the community of monks, he thought, “A king like me, a lord of the earth, being desirous of eating partridge meat, did not obtain it for three years. How then will the community of monks, who do not cook for themselves, obtain it?” He discarded the piece he had placed in his mouth onto the ground. The minister’s son fell on his knees and caught it with his mouth. The king said, “Move away, dear one. I know your blamelessness. It was for this very reason that I discarded it.” Having said this, he added, “Have the remainder well-guarded and kept.”

ပုနဒိဝသေ ရာဇကုလူပကော ထေရော ပိဏ္ဍာယ ပါဝိသိ. အမစ္စပုတ္တော တံ ဒိသွာ ပတ္တံ ဂဟေတွာ ရာဇဂေဟံ ပဝေသေသိ. အညတရော ဝုဍ္ဎပဗ္ဗဇိတောပိ ထေရဿ ပစ္ဆာသမဏော ဝိယ ဟုတွာ အနုဗန္ဓန္တော ပါဝိသိ. ထေရော ‘‘ရညာ ပက္ကောသာပိတဘိက္ခု ဘဝိဿတီ’’တိ ပမဇ္ဇိ. အမစ္စပုတ္တောပိ ‘‘ထေရဿ ဥပဋ္ဌာကော ဘဝိဿတီ’’တိ ပမာဒံ အာပဇ္ဇိ. တေသံ နိသီဒါပေတွာ ယာဂုံ အဒံသု. ယာဂုယာ ပီတာယ ရာဇာ တိတ္တိရေ ဥပနေသိ. ထေရော ဧကံ ဂဏှိ, ဣတရောပိ [Pg.71] ဧကံ ဂဏှိ. ရာဇာ ‘‘အနုဘာဂေါ အတ္ထိ, အနာပုစ္ဆိတွာ ခါဒိတုံ န ယုတ္တ’’န္တိ မဟာထေရံ အာပုစ္ဆိ. ထေရော ဟတ္ထံ ပိဒဟိ, မဟလ္လကတ္ထေရော သမ္ပဋိစ္ဆိ. ရာဇာ အနတ္တမနော ဟုတွာ ကတဘတ္တကိစ္စံ ထေရံ ပတ္တံ အာဒါယ အနုဂစ္ဆန္တော အာဟ – ‘‘ဘန္တေ, ကုလဂေဟံ အာဂစ္ဆန္တေဟိ ဥဂ္ဂဟိတဝတ္တံ ဘိက္ခုံ ဂဟေတွာ အာဂန္တုံ ဝဋ္ဋတီ’’တိ. ထေရော တသ္မိံ ခဏေ အညာသိ ‘‘န ဧသ ရညာ ပက္ကောသာပိတော’’တိ.

On the next day, the elder who was a frequenter of the royal family entered for alms. A certain one who had gone forth in old age also entered, following behind as if he were the elder's attendant monk. The elder became heedless, thinking, “He must be a monk summoned by the king.” Having had them seated, they offered gruel. When the gruel was drunk, the king offered the partridges. The elder took one; the other also took one. The king asked the great elder, “There is an additional portion; it is not proper to eat without asking.” The elder covered his hand; the old monk accepted. The king, being displeased, after the elder had finished his meal, took his bowl and, while following him, said: “Venerable sir, when coming to a family's house, it is proper to bring a monk who has learned the duties.” At that moment, the elder realized, “This one was not summoned by the king.”

ပုနဒိဝသေ ဥပဋ္ဌာကသာမဏေရံ ဂဟေတွာ ပါဝိသိ. ရာဇာ တဒါပိ ယာဂုယာ ပီတာယ တိတ္တိရေ ဥပနာမေသိ. ထေရော ဧကံ အဂ္ဂဟေသိ, သာမဏေရော အင်္ဂုလိံ စာလေတွာ မဇ္ဈေ ဆိန္ဒာပေတွာ ဧကကောဋ္ဌာသမေဝ အဂ္ဂဟေသိ. ရာဇာ တံ ကောဋ္ဌာသံ မဟာထေရဿ ဥပနာမေသိ. မဟာထေရော ဟတ္ထံ ပိဒဟိ, သာမဏေရောပိ ပိဒဟိ. ရာဇာ အဝိဒူရေ နိသီဒိတွာ ခဏ္ဍာခဏ္ဍံ ဆိန္ဒိတွာ ခါဒန္တော ‘‘ဥဂ္ဂဟိတဝတ္တေ နိဿာယ ဒိယဍ္ဎတိတ္တိရေ ခါဒိတုံ လဘိမှာ’’တိ အာဟ. တဿ မံသေ ခါဒိတမတ္တေဝ ကဏ္ဏေဟိ ပုဗ္ဗော နိက္ခမိ. တတော မုခံ ဝိက္ခာလေတွာ သာမဏေရံ ဥပသင်္ကမိတွာ, ‘‘ပသန္နောသ္မိ, တာတ, အဋ္ဌ တေ ဓုဝဘတ္တာနိ ဒေမီ’’တိ အာဟ. အဟံ, မဟာရာဇ, ဥပဇ္ဈာယဿ ဒမ္မီတိ. အပရာနိ အဋ္ဌ ဒေမီတိ. တာနိ အမှာကံ အာစရိယဿ ဒမ္မီတိ. အပရာနိပိ အဋ္ဌ ဒေမီတိ. တာနိ သမာနုပဇ္ဈာယာနံ ဒမ္မီတိ. အပရာနိပိ အဋ္ဌ ဒေမီတိ. တာနိ ဘိက္ခုသံဃဿ ဒမ္မီတိ. အပရာနိပိ အဋ္ဌ ဒေမီတိ. သာမဏေရော အဓိဝါသေသိ. ဧဝံ ပဋိဂ္ဂဟဏမတ္တံ ဇာနန္တော အနုပ္ပန္နဉ္စေဝ လာဘံ ဥပ္ပာဒေတိ, ဥပ္ပန္နဉ္စ ထာဝရံ ကရောတိ. ဣဒံ ပဋိဂ္ဂဟဏပမာဏံ နာမ. တတ္ထ ပရိဘောဂပမာဏံ ပစ္စဝေက္ခဏပယောဇနံ, ‘‘ဣဒမတ္ထိယံ ဘောဇနံ ဘုဉ္ဇာမီ’’တိ ပန ပစ္စဝေက္ခိတပရိဘောဂဿေဝ ပယောဇနတ္တာ ပရိဘောဂပမာဏံယေဝ နာမ, တံ ဣဓ အဓိပ္ပေတံ. တေနေဝ ပဋိသင်္ခါ ယောနိသောတိအာဒိမာဟ, ဣတရမ္ပိ ပန ဝဋ္ဋတိယေဝ.

On the next day, he entered, taking an attendant novice. Then also, when the gruel was drunk, the king offered the partridges. The elder accepted one; the novice, moving his finger, had it broken in the middle and accepted only one portion. The king offered that portion to the great elder. The great elder covered his hand; the novice also covered his. The king, sitting nearby, cutting it piece by piece and eating, said, “Relying on those who have learned the duties, we have gotten to eat one and a half partridges.” Just as he finished eating the meat, pus came out from his ears. Then, having rinsed his mouth, he approached the novice and said, “I am pleased, dear one. I give you eight permanent food allowances.” The novice replied, “Great king, I give them to my preceptor.” The king said, “I give another eight.” The novice said, “Those I give to our teacher.” The king said, “I give yet another eight.” The novice said, “Those I give to my fellow preceptees.” The king said, “I give still another eight.” The novice said, “Those I give to the community of monks.” The king said, “I give yet another eight.” The novice consented. Thus, one who knows the measure of acceptance both causes unarisen gain to arise and makes arisen gain stable. This is called the measure of acceptance. Among these, the measure of consumption has its purpose in reflection. Furthermore, because the benefit lies only in consuming after reflection, thus: ‘I eat this food for this purpose,’ this is called the measure of consumption, and that is what is intended here. For that very reason, it is said, ‘Wisely reflecting...’ and so on. However, knowing the other is also proper.

သီဟသေယျန္တိ ဧတ္ထ ကာမဘောဂိသေယျာ, ပေတသေယျာ, သီဟသေယျာ, တထာဂတသေယျာတိ စတဿော သေယျာ. တတ္ထ ‘‘ယေဘုယျေန, ဘိက္ခဝေ, ကာမဘောဂီ ဝါမေန ပဿေန သေန္တီ’’တိ (အ. နိ. ၄.၂၄၆) အယံ ကာမဘောဂိသေယျာ. တေသဉှိ ယေဘုယျေန ဒက္ခိဏပဿေန သယာနော နာမ နတ္ထိ.

Regarding 'the lion's posture': here there are four postures: the posture of one who enjoys sensual pleasures, the posture of a peta, the lion's posture, and the Tathāgata's posture. Among these, “For the most part, O monks, one who enjoys sensual pleasures lies on the left side”—this is the posture of one who enjoys sensual pleasures. Indeed, among them, there is for the most part no one who lies on the right side.

‘‘ယေဘုယျေန[Pg.72], ဘိက္ခဝေ, ပေတာ ဥတ္တာနာ သေန္တီ’’တိ (အ. နိ. ၄.၂၄၆) အယံ ပေတသေယျာ. ပေတာ ဟိ အပ္ပမံသလောဟိတတ္တာ အဋ္ဌိသံဃာဋဇဋိတာ ဧကေန ပဿေန သယိတုံ န သက္ကောန္တိ, ဥတ္တာနာဝ သယန္တိ.

“For the most part, O monks, petas lie on their backs”—this is the posture of a peta. Indeed, because they have little flesh and blood and are entangled in a framework of bones, petas are not able to lie on one side; they lie only on their backs.

‘‘ယေဘုယျေန, ဘိက္ခဝေ, သီဟော မိဂရာဇာ နင်္ဂုဋ္ဌံ အန္တရသတ္ထိမှိ အနုပက္ခိပိတွာ ဒက္ခိဏေန ပဿေန သယတီ’’တိ အယံ သီဟသေယျာ. တေဇုဿဒတ္တာ ဟိ သီဟော မိဂရာဇာ ဒွေ ပုရိမပါဒေ ဧကသ္မိံ, ပစ္ဆိမပါဒေ ဧကသ္မိံ ဌာနေ ဌပေတွာ နင်္ဂုဋ္ဌံ အန္တရသတ္ထိမှိ ပက္ခိပိတွာ ပုရိမပါဒပစ္ဆိမပါဒနင်္ဂုဋ္ဌာနံ ဌိတောကာသံ သလ္လက္ခေတွာ ဒွိန္နံ ပုရိမပါဒါနံ မတ္ထကေ သီသံ ဌပေတွာ သယတိ, ဒိဝသမ္ပိ သယိတွာ ပဗုဇ္ဈမာနော န ဥတြသန္တော ပဗုဇ္ဈတိ, သီသံ ပန ဥက္ခိပိတွာ ပုရိမပါဒါဒီနံ ဌိတောကာသံ သလ္လက္ခေတိ. သစေ ကိဉ္စိ ဌာနံ ဝိဇဟိတွာ ဌိတံ ဟောတိ, ‘‘နယိဒံ တုယှံ ဇာတိယာ သူရဘာဝဿ စ အနုရူပ’’န္တိ အနတ္တမနော ဟုတွာ တတ္ထေဝ သယတိ, န ဂေါစရာယ ပက္ကမတိ. အဝိဇဟိတွာ ဌိတေ ပန ‘‘တုယှံ ဇာတိယာ စ သူရဘာဝဿ စ အနုရူပမိဒ’’န္တိ ဟဋ္ဌတုဋ္ဌော ဥဋ္ဌာယ သီဟဝိဇမ္ဘိတံ ဝိဇမ္ဘိတွာ ကေသရဘာရံ ဝိဓုနိတွာ တိက္ခတ္တုံ သီဟနာဒံ နဒိတွာ ဂေါစရာယ ပက္ကမတိ.

“For the most part, O monks, the lion, the king of beasts, lies down on its right side, having tucked its tail between its thighs”—this is the lion's posture. Indeed, because of its majesty, the lion, the king of beasts, places its two front paws in one place and its two hind paws in one place, and having placed its tail between its thighs, and having marked the place where its front paws, hind paws, and tail are situated, it places its head on top of its two front paws and lies down. Even having slept for a whole day, when awakening, it awakens without being startled. Lifting its head, it marks the place where its front paws and so on were situated. If any limb has moved from its place, being displeased, it thinks, “This is not suitable for your birth and your courageous nature,” and lies down right there again; it does not go out for prey. But if they are in place without having moved, being joyful and delighted, it thinks, “This is suitable for your birth and your courageous nature.” Then, rising, it stretches a lion's stretch, shakes its mane, roars a lion's roar three times, and goes out for prey.

စတုတ္ထဇ္ဈာနသေယျာ ပန တထာဂတသေယျာတိ ဝုစ္စတိ. တာသု ဣဓ သီဟသေယျာ အာဂတာ. အယဉှိ တေဇုဿဒဣရိယာပထတ္တာ ဥတ္တမသေယျာ နာမ.

Furthermore, the posture of the fourth jhāna is called the Tathāgata's posture. Among these, the lion's posture is mentioned here. Indeed, because it is a posture of majesty, this is called the supreme posture.

ပါဒေ ပါဒန္တိ ဒက္ခိဏပါဒေ ဝါမပါဒံ. အစ္စာဓာယာတိ အတိအာဓာယ, ဤသကံ အတိက္ကမ္မ ဌပေတွာ. ဂေါပ္ဖကေန ဟိ ဂေါပ္ဖကေ, ဇာဏုနာ ဝါ ဇာဏုမှိ သံဃဋ္ဋိယမာနေ အဘိဏှံ ဝေဒနာ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ, စိတ္တံ ဧကဂ္ဂံ န ဟောတိ, သေယျာ အဖာသုကာ ဟောတိ. ယထာ ပန န သံဃံဋ္ဋေတိ, ဧဝံ အတိက္ကမ္မ ဌပိတေ ဝေဒနာ နုပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ, စိတ္တံ ဧကဂ္ဂံ ဟောတိ, သေယျာ ဖာသုကာ ဟောတိ. တသ္မာ ဧဝံ သေယျံ ကပ္ပေတိ.

“Foot upon foot” means placing the left foot on the right foot. “Placing beyond” means placing it slightly beyond, having passed it over a little. For when one ankle strikes the other, or one knee strikes the other, painful sensation frequently arises, the mind is not one-pointed, and the lying down is uncomfortable. But when placed beyond in such a way that they do not strike, painful sensation does not arise, the mind becomes one-pointed, and the lying down is comfortable. Therefore, one arranges the lying down thus.

သတော သမ္ပဇာနောတိ သတိယာ စေဝ သမ္ပဇညေန စ သမန္နာဂတော. ကထံ နိဒ္ဒါယန္တော သတော သမ္ပဇာနော ဟောတီတိ? သတိသမ္ပဇညဿ အပ္ပဟာနေန. အယဉှိ ဒိဝသဉ္စေဝ သကလယာမဉ္စ အာဝရဏီယေဟိ ဓမ္မေဟိ စိတ္တံ ပရိသောဓေတွာ ပဌမယာမာဝသာနေ စင်္ကမာ ဩရုယှ ပါဒေ ဓောဝန္တောပိ မူလကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ အဝိဇဟန္တောဝ ဓောဝတိ, တံ အဝိဇဟန္တောဝ ဒွါရံ [Pg.73] ဝိဝရတိ, မဉ္စေ နိသီဒတိ, အဝိဇဟန္တောဝ နိဒ္ဒံ ဩက္ကမတိ. ပဗုဇ္ဈန္တော ပန မူလကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ ဂဟေတွာဝ ပဗုဇ္ဈတိ. ဧဝံ နိဒ္ဒံ ဩက္ကမန္တောပိ သတော သမ္ပဇာနော ဟောတိ. ဧဝံ ပန ဉာဏဓာတုကန္တိ န ရောစယိံသု.

“Mindful and clearly comprehending” means endowed with mindfulness and clear comprehension. How is one who is sleeping mindful and clearly comprehending? By not abandoning mindfulness and clear comprehension. Indeed, this monk, having thoroughly cleansed his mind from obstructive states throughout the day and throughout the entire first watch, at the end of the first watch descends from his walking path, and even while washing his feet, he does so without abandoning his primary meditation subject. Without abandoning it, he opens the door. He sits on the bed. Without abandoning it, he falls asleep. Upon waking, however, he awakens only after taking up his primary meditation subject. In this way, even when falling asleep, he is mindful and clearly comprehending. However, the ancient teachers did not approve of this, saying it means 'having that same knowledge-element even when falling asleep'.

ဝုတ္တနယေန ပနေသ စိတ္တံ ပရိသောဓေတွာ ပဌမယာမာဝသာနေ ‘‘ဥပါဒိန္နကံ သရီရံ နိဒ္ဒါယ သမဿာသေဿာမီ’’တိ စင်္ကမာ ဩရုယှ မူလကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ အဝိဇဟန္တောဝ ပါဒေ ဓောဝတိ, ဒွါရံ ဝိဝရတိ, မဉ္စေ ပန နိသီဒိတွာ မူလကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ ပဟာယ, ‘‘ခန္ဓာဝ ခန္ဓေသု, ဓာတုယောဝ ဓာတူသု ပဋိဟညန္တီ’’တိ သေနာသနံ ပစ္စဝေက္ခန္တော ကမေန နိဒ္ဒံ ဩက္ကမတိ, ပဗုဇ္ဈန္တော ပန မူလကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ ဂဟေတွာဝ ပဗုဇ္ဈတိ. ဧဝံ နိဒ္ဒံ ဩက္ကမန္တောပိ သတော သမ္ပဇာနော နာမ ဟောတီတိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော.

But, in the aforesaid manner, this monk, having purified his mind, at the end of the first watch, thinking, 'I will give this appropriated body rest by means of sleep,' descends from the walking path, washes his feet without abandoning his primary meditation subject, and opens the door. But, having sat on the bed and abandoned his primary meditation subject, reflecting on the lodging thus: 'Aggregates are struck by aggregates; elements are struck by elements,' he gradually falls asleep. Upon waking, however, he awakens only after taking up his primary meditation subject. Thus, it should be understood that even when falling asleep, he is called one who is mindful and clearly comprehending.

ဣတိ ဣမသ္မိံ သုတ္တေ တိဝင်္ဂိကာ ပုဗ္ဗဘာဂဝိပဿနာဝ ကထိတာ. ဧတ္တကေနေဝ ပန ဝေါသာနံ အနာပဇ္ဇိတွာ တာနေဝ ဣန္ဒြိယဗလဗောဇ္ဈင်္ဂါနိ သမောဓာနေတွာ ဝိပဿနံ ဝဍ္ဎေတွာ ဘိက္ခု အရဟတ္တံ ပါပုဏာတီတိ. ဧဝံ ယာဝ အရဟတ္တာ ဒေသနာ ကထေတဗ္ဗာ.

Thus, in this discourse, only the preliminary insight consisting of three factors is taught. But without reaching the conclusion with just this much, the bhikkhu, by integrating those very faculties, powers, and factors of enlightenment and developing insight, attains Arahantship. Thus, the teaching should be expounded up to Arahantship.

၃. ကုမ္မောပမသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

3. Commentary on the Discourse on the Simile of the Turtle

၂၄၀. တတိယေ ကုမ္မောတိ အဋ္ဌိကုမ္မော. ကစ္ဆပေါတိ တဿေဝ ဝေဝစနံ. အနုနဒီတီရေတိ နဒိယာ အနုတီရေ. ဂေါစရပသုတောတိ ‘‘သစေ ကိဉ္စိ ဖလာဖလံ လဘိဿာမိ, ခါဒိဿာမီ’’တိ ဂေါစရတ္ထာယ ပသုတော ဥဿုက္ကော တန္နိဗန္ဓော. သမောဒဟိတွာတိ သမုဂ္ဂေ ဝိယ ပက္ခိပိတွာ. သင်္ကသာယတီတိ အစ္ဆတိ. သမောဒဟန္တိ သမောဒဟန္တော ဌပေန္တော. ဣဒံ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ – ယထာ ကုမ္မော အင်္ဂါနိ သကေ ကပါလေ သမောဒဟန္တော သိင်္ဂါလဿ ဩတာရံ န ဒေတိ, န စ နံ သိင်္ဂါလော ပသဟတိ, ဧဝံ ဘိက္ခု အတ္တနော မနောဝိတက္ကေ သကေ အာရမ္မဏကပါလေ သမောဒဟန္တော ကိလေသမာရဿ ဩတာရံ န ဒေတိ, န စ နံ မာရော ပသဟတိ.

240. In the third discourse, 'turtle' (kummo) means 'bone-turtle' (aṭṭhikummo). 'Kacchapa' is a synonym for it. 'Anunadītīre' means 'along the riverbank.' 'Gocarapasuto' means 'intent on foraging,' that is, eager and committed for the purpose of foraging, thinking: 'If I get any small or large fruit, I will eat it.' 'Samodahitvā' means 'having drawn in,' as if placing into a casket. 'Saṅkasāyati' means 'it stays.' 'Samodahanti' means 'drawing in,' that is, placing well within. This is what is said: Just as a turtle, drawing its limbs into its own shell, does not give an opening to the jackal, and the jackal cannot overpower it, so too, a bhikkhu, drawing in his mental thoughts into his own object-shell, does not give an opening to the Māra of defilements, and Māra cannot overpower him.

အနိဿိတောတိ တဏှာဒိဋ္ဌိနိဿယေဟိ အနိဿိတော. အညမဟေဌယာနောတိ အညံ ကဉ္စိ ပုဂ္ဂလံ အဝိဟေဌေန္တော. ပရိနိဗ္ဗုတောတိ ကိလေသပရိနိဗ္ဗာနေန ပရိနိဗ္ဗုတော. နူပဝဒေယျ ကဉ္စီတိ အညံ ကဉ္စိ ပုဂ္ဂလံ သီလဝိပတ္တိယာ ဝါ အာစာရဝိပတ္တိယာ ဝါ အတ္တာနံ ဥက္ကံသေတုကာမတာယ ဝါ [Pg.74] ပရံ ဝမ္ဘေတုကာမတာယ ဝါ န ဥပဝဒေယျ, အညဒတ္ထု ပဉ္စ ဓမ္မေ အဇ္ဈတ္တံ ဥပဋ္ဌပေတွာ, ‘‘ကာလေန ဝက္ခာမိ, နော အကာလေန, ဘူတေန ဝက္ခာမိ, နော အဘူတေန, သဏှေန ဝက္ခာမိ, နော ဖရုသေန, အတ္ထသံဟိတေန ဝက္ခာမိ, နော အနတ္ထသံဟိတေန, မေတ္တစိတ္တော ဝက္ခာမိ, နော ဒေါသန္တရော’’တိ ဧဝံ ဥလ္လုမ္ပနသဘာဝသဏ္ဌိတေနေဝ စိတ္တေန ဝိဟရတိ.

“Not dependent” (anissito) means not dependent on the supports of craving and views. “Not harming another” (aññamaheṭhayāno) means not harming any other person. “Fully extinguished” (parinibbuto) means fully extinguished by the extinguishing of defilements through the noble path. “One should not reproach anyone” (nūpavadeyya kañci) means one should not reproach any other person because of a corruption of virtue or a corruption of conduct, or out of a desire to exalt oneself or to disparage others. Instead, having established five qualities within himself, he dwells with a mind established in the nature of desiring to uplift, thinking: 'I will speak at the right time, not at the wrong time; I will speak truthfully, not falsely; I will speak gently, not harshly; I will speak with what is beneficial, not with what is unbeneficial; I will speak with a mind of loving-kindness, not with inner animosity.'

၄. ပဌမဒါရုက္ခန္ဓောပမသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

4. Commentary on the First Discourse on the Simile of the Log of Wood

၂၄၁. စတုတ္ထေ အဒ္ဒသာတိ ဂင်္ဂါတီရေ ပညတ္တဝရဗုဒ္ဓါသနေ နိသိန္နော အဒ္ဒသ. ဝုယှမာနန္တိ စတုရဿံ တစ္ဆေတွာ ပဗ္ဗတန္တရေ ဌပိတံ ဝါတာတပေန သုပရိသုက္ခံ ပါဝုဿကေ မေဃေ ဝဿန္တေ ဥဒကေန ဥပ္လဝိတွာ အနုပုဗ္ဗေန ဂင်္ဂါယ နဒိယာ သောတေ ပတိတံ တေန သောတေန ဝုယှမာနံ. ဘိက္ခူ အာမန္တေသီတိ ‘‘ဣမိနာ ဒါရုက္ခန္ဓေန သဒိသံ ကတွာ မမ သာသနေ သဒ္ဓါပဗ္ဗဇိတံ ကုလပုတ္တံ ဒဿေဿာမီ’’တိ ဓမ္မံ ဒေသေတုကာမတာယ အာမန္တေသိ. အမုံ မဟန္တံ ဒါရုက္ခန္ဓံ ဂင်္ဂါယ နဒိယာ သောတေန ဝုယှမာနန္တိ ဣဒံ ပန အဋ္ဌဒေါသဝိမုတ္တတ္တာ သောတပဋိပန္နဿ ဒါရုက္ခန္ဓဿ အပရေ သမုဒ္ဒပတ္တိယာ အန္တရာယကရေ အဋ္ဌ ဒေါသေ ဒဿေတုံ အာရဘိ.

241. In the fourth discourse, 'he saw' (addasā) means he saw it while seated on the excellent Buddha-seat prepared on the bank of the Ganges. 'Being swept away' (vuyhamānaṃ) means a log that, having been made square and planed, placed in a mountain cleft, and thoroughly dried by wind and sun, when the great clouds of the early monsoon rained, was lifted by the water, gradually fell into the current of the Ganges River, and was being carried along by that current. 'He addressed the bhikkhus' (bhikkhū āmantesi) means he addressed them out of a desire to teach the Dhamma, thinking: 'By making a comparison with this log, I will show a clansman who has gone forth in faith in my dispensation.' Furthermore, regarding 'this large log being carried along by the current of the Ganges River,' he began to show the eight faults that are obstacles for a log that has entered the stream to reach the ocean, this teaching being about being free from eight faults.

တတြဿ ဧဝံ အဋ္ဌဒေါသဝိမုတ္တတာ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ – ဧကော ဟိ ဂင်္ဂါယ နဒိယာ အဝိဒူရေ ပဗ္ဗတတလေ ဇာတော နာနာဝလ္လီဟိ ပလိဝေဌိတော ပဏ္ဍုပလာသတံ အာပဇ္ဇိတွာ ဥပစိကာဒီဟိ ခဇ္ဇမာနော တသ္မိံယေဝ ဌာနေ အပဏ္ဏတ္တိကဘာဝံ ဂစ္ဆတိ, အယံ ဒါရုက္ခန္ဓော ဂင်္ဂံ ဩတရိတွာ ဝင်္ကဋ္ဌာနေသု ဝိလာသမာနော သာဂရံ ပတွာ မဏိဝဏ္ဏေ ဦမိပိဋ္ဌေ သောဘိတုံ န လဘတိ.

In this context, its freedom from eight dangers should be understood thus: For one log, born on a mountain plateau not far from the Ganges River, becomes entangled with various creepers, turns into withered leaves, is devoured by termites and so on, and reaches a state of being unidentifiable in that very place. This log does not get to enter the Ganges, drift through bends, reach the ocean, and be beautiful on the jewel-colored surface of the waves.

အပရော ဂင်္ဂါတီရေ ဗဟိမူလော အန္တောသာခေါ ဟုတွာ ဇာတော, အယံ ကိဉ္စာပိ ကာလေန ကာလံ ဩလမ္ဗိနီဟိ သာခါဟိ ဥဒကံ ဖုသတိ, ဗဟိမူလတ္တာ ပန ဂင်္ဂံ ဩတရိတွာ ဝင်္ကဋ္ဌာနေသု ဝိလာသမာနော သာဂရံ ပတွာ မဏိဝဏ္ဏေ ဦမိပိဋ္ဌေ သောဘိတုံ န လဘတိ.

Another tree, born on the bank of the Ganges, has its roots outside and its branches leaning inward. Although from time to time its hanging branches touch the water, yet because its roots are outside, it does not get to enter the Ganges, drift through bends, reach the ocean, and be beautiful on the jewel-colored surface of the waves.

အပရော မဇ္ဈေ ဂင်္ဂါယ ဇာတော, ဒဠှမူလေန ပန သုပ္ပတိဋ္ဌိတော, ဗဟိ စဿ ဂတာ ဝင်္ကသာခါ နာနာဝလ္လီဟိ အာဗဒ္ဓါ, အယမ္ပိ ဒဠှမူလတ္တာ ဗဟိဒ္ဓါ ဝလ္လီဟိ အာဗဒ္ဓတ္တာ စ ဂင်္ဂံ ဩတရိတွာ…ပေ… သောဘိတုံ န လဘတိ.

Another tree, grown in the middle of the Ganges, is well-established with firm roots; and its crooked branches have gone outwards, bound by various creepers. This one too, due to its firm roots and being bound externally by creepers, does not get to enter the Ganges and reach the ocean.

အပရော [Pg.75] ပတိတဋ္ဌာနေယေဝ ဝါလိကာယ ဩတ္ထဋော ပူတိဘာဝံ အာပဇ္ဇတိ, အယမ္ပိ ဂင်္ဂံ ဩတရိတွာ…ပေ… န လဘတိ.

Another log, in the very place where it fell, is covered with sand and rots away. This one too does not get to enter the Ganges and reach the ocean.

အပရော ဒွိန္နံ ပါသာဏာနံ အန္တရေ ဇာတတ္တာ, သုနိခါတော ဝိယ နိစ္စလော ဌိတော, အာဂတာဂတံ ဥဒကံ ဒွိဓာ ဖာလေတိ, အယံ ပါသာဏန္တရေ သုဋ္ဌု ပတိဋ္ဌိတတ္တာ ဂင်္ဂံ ဩတရိတွာ…ပေ… န လဘတိ.

Another tree, because it was born between two rocks, stands motionless like a well-fixed post, splitting the approaching water in two. This one, because of being well-established between the rocks, does not get to enter the Ganges and reach the ocean.

အပရော အဗ္ဘောကာသဋ္ဌာနေ နဘံ ပူရေတွာ ဝလ္လီဟိ အာဗဒ္ဓေါ ဌိတော. ဧကံ ဒွေ သံဝစ္ဆရေ အတိက္ကမိတွာ အာဂတေ မဟောဃေ သကိံ ဝါ ဒွိက္ခတ္တုံ ဝါ တေမေတိ, အယမ္ပိ နဘံ ပူရေတွာ ဌိတတာယ စေဝ ဧကဿ ဝါ ဒွိန္နံ ဝါ သံဝစ္ဆရာနံ အစ္စယေန သကိံ ဝါ ဒွိက္ခတ္တုံ ဝါ တေမနတာယ စ ဂင်္ဂံ ဩတရိတွာ…ပေ… န လဘတိ.

Another tree, standing in an open space and filling the sky, is bound with vines. After one or two years have passed, when a great flood comes, it is wetted once or twice. This one too, because of standing there filling the sky and because it is only wetted once or twice after the passing of one or two years, does not get to enter the Ganges and reach the ocean.

အပရောပိ မဇ္ဈေ ဂင်္ဂါယ ဒီပကေ ဇာတော မုဒုက္ခန္ဓသာခေါ ဩဃေ အာဂတေ အနုသောတံ နိပဇ္ဇိတွာ, ဥဒကေ ဂတေ သီသံ ဥက္ခိပိတွာ, နစ္စန္တော ဝိယ တိဋ္ဌတိ. ယဿတ္ထာယ သာဂရော ဂင်္ဂံ ဧဝံ ဝိယ ဝဒတိ, ‘‘ဘောတိ ဂင်္ဂေ တွံ မယှံ စန္ဒနသာရသလဠသာရာဒီနိ နာနာဒါရူနိ အာဟရသိ, ဒါရုက္ခန္ဓံ ပန နာဟရသီ’’တိ. သုလဘော ဧသ, ဒေဝ, ပုနဝါရေ ဇာနိဿာမီတိ. ပုနဝါရေ တမ္ဗဝဏ္ဏေန ဥဒကေန အာလိင်္ဂမာနာ ဝိယ အာဂစ္ဆတိ. သောပိ တထေဝ အနုသောတံ နိပဇ္ဇိတွာ, ဥဒကေ ဂတေ သီသံ ဥက္ခိပိတွာ, နစ္စန္တော ဝိယ တိဋ္ဌတိ. အယံ အတ္တနော မုဒုတာယ ဂင်္ဂံ ဩတရိတွာ…ပေ… န လဘတိ.

Another tree, born on a small island in the middle of the Ganges, with a soft trunk and branches, lies down along the current when the flood comes. When the water has gone, it lifts its head and stands as if dancing. It is for this reason that the ocean speaks to the Ganges as if to say: 'O noble Ganges, you bring me various woods such as sandalwood heartwood, pine heartwood, and so on, but you do not bring this log.' The Ganges replies: 'This one is easy to get, lord; next time I will know.' The next time, the Ganges comes as if embracing it with copper-colored water. But that tree too, in the very same way, lies down along the current, and when the water has gone, it lifts its head and stands as if dancing. This one, due to its own softness, does not get to enter the Ganges and reach the ocean.

အပရော ဂင်္ဂါယ နဒိယာ တိရိယံ ပတိတော ဝါလိကာယ ဩတ္ထရိတော အန္တရသေတု ဝိယ ဗဟူနံ ပစ္စယော ဇာတော, ဥဘောသု တီရေသု ဝေဠုနဠကရဉ္ဇကကုဓာဒယော ဥပ္လဝိတွာ တတ္ထေဝ လဂ္ဂန္တိ. တထာ နာနာဝိဓာ ဂစ္ဆာ ဝုယှမာနာ ဘိန္နမုသလဘိန္နသုပ္ပအဟိကုက္ကုရဟတ္ထိအဿာဒိကုဏပါနိပိ တတ္ထေဝ လဂ္ဂန္တိ. မဟာဂင်္ဂါပိ နံ အာသဇ္ဇ ဘိဇ္ဇိတွာ ဒွိဓာ ဂစ္ဆတိ, မစ္ဆကစ္ဆပကုမ္ဘီလမကရာဒယောပိ တတ္ထေဝ ဝါသံ ကပ္ပေန္တိ. အယမ္ပိ တိရိယံ ပတိတွာ မဟာဇနဿ ပစ္စယတ္တကတဘာဝေန ဂင်္ဂံ ဩတရိတွာ ဝင်္ကဋ္ဌာနေသု ဝိလာသမာနော သာဂရံ ပတွာ မဏိဝဏ္ဏေ ဦမိပိဋ္ဌေ သောဘိတုံ န လဘတိ.

Another log, having fallen athwart in the Ganges river and being covered by sand, became like a bridge between islands, a support for many. From both banks, trees such as bamboo, reeds, karañja, and kudha float up and get stuck right there. Likewise, various kinds of bushes being carried along, as well as broken pestles, broken winnowing baskets, and the carcasses of snakes, dogs, elephants, horses, and so on, also get stuck right there. Even the great Ganges, upon reaching it, splits and flows in two. Fish, turtles, crocodiles, makaras, and so on also make their dwelling right there. This log also, having fallen athwart and become a support for many people, does not get to enter the Ganges, drift gracefully through its bends, reach the ocean, and be beautiful upon the jewel-colored surface of the waves.

ဣတိ ဘဂဝါ ဣမေဟိ အဋ္ဌဟိ ဒေါသေဟိ ဝိမုတ္တတ္တာ သောတပဋိပန္နဿ ဒါရုက္ခန္ဓဿ အပရေ သမုဒ္ဒပတ္တိယာ အန္တရာယကရေ အဋ္ဌ ဒေါသေ ဒဿေတုံ အမုံ [Pg.76] မဟန္တံ ဒါရုက္ခန္ဓံ ဂင်္ဂါယ နဒိယာ သောတေန ဝုယှမာနန္တိအာဒိမာဟ. တတ္ထ န ထလေ ဥဿီဒိဿတီတိ ထလံ နာဘိရုဟိဿတိ. န မနုဿဂ္ဂါဟော ဂဟေဿတီတိ ‘‘မဟာ ဝတာယံ ဒါရုက္ခန္ဓော’’တိ ဒိသွာ, ဥဠုမ္ပေန တရမာနာ ဂန္တွာ, ဂေါပါနသီအာဒီနံ အတ္ထာယ မနုဿာ န ဂဏှိဿန္တိ. န အမနုဿဂ္ဂါဟော ဂဟေဿတီတိ ‘‘မဟဂ္ဃော အယံ စန္ဒနသာရော, ဝိမာနဒွါရေ နံ ဌပေဿာမာ’’တိ မညမာနာ န အမနုဿာ ဂဏှိဿန္တိ.

Thus, for the log that has entered the stream and is free from these eight faults, the Blessed One, in order to show the other eight faults that are obstacles to its reaching the ocean, spoke the passage beginning, 'That great log, being carried by the current of the Ganges river...' Therein, 'it will not be stranded on high ground' means it will not ascend onto dry land. 'It will not be seized by the grasp of humans' means that humans, seeing it and thinking, 'Oh, what a great log this is!', will go to it, crossing by raft, and will not take it for the purpose of rafters and so on. 'It will not be seized by the grasp of non-humans' means that non-humans, thinking, 'This heartwood of sandalwood is very valuable; we will place it at the door of our celestial mansion,' will not take it.

ဧဝမေဝ ခေါတိ ဧတ္ထ သဒ္ဓိံ ဗာဟိရေဟိ အဋ္ဌဟိ ဒေါသေဟိ ဧဝံ ဩပမ္မသံသန္ဒနံ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ – ဂင်္ဂါယ အဝိဒူရေ ပဗ္ဗတတလေ ဇာတော တတ္ထေဝ ဥပစိကာဒီဟိ ခဇ္ဇမာနော အပဏ္ဏတ္တိကဘာဝံ ဂတဒါရုက္ခန္ဓော ဝိယ ဟိ ‘‘နတ္ထိ ဒိန္န’’န္တိအာဒိကာယ မိစ္ဆာဒိဋ္ဌိယာ သမန္နာဂတော ပုဂ္ဂလော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. အယဉှိ သာသနဿ ဒူရီဘူတတ္တာ အရိယမဂ္ဂံ ဩရုယှ သမာဓိကုလ္လေ နိသိန္နော နိဗ္ဗာနသာဂရံ ပါပုဏိတုံ န သက္ကောတိ.

Just so, here the connection of the simile with the eight external faults should be understood in this way: just as a log that grew on a mountain plateau not far from the Ganges and, being eaten by termites and so on right there, reaches an unnameable state, so should a person endowed with wrong view, such as, 'There is no fruit of what is given,' be understood. For such a person, being far from the Dispensation, is unable to descend onto the Noble Path, sit upon the raft of concentration, and reach the ocean of Nibbāna.

ဂင်္ဂါတီရေ ဗဟိမူလော အန္တောသာခေါ ဟုတွာ ဇာတော ဝိယ အစ္ဆိန္နဂိဟိဗန္ဓနော သမဏကုဋိမ္ဗိကပုဂ္ဂလော ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗော. အယဉှိ ‘‘စိတ္တံ နာမေတံ အနိဗဒ္ဓံ, ‘သမဏောမှီ’တိ ဝဒန္တောဝ ဂိဟီ ဟောတိ, ‘ဂိဟီမှီ’တိ ဝဒန္တောဝ သမဏော ဟောတိ. ကော ဇာနိဿတိ, ကိံ ဘဝိဿတီ’’တိ? မဟလ္လကကာလေ ပဗ္ဗဇန္တောပိ ဂိဟိဗန္ဓနံ န ဝိဿဇ္ဇေတိ. မဟလ္လကပဗ္ဗဇိတာနဉ္စ သမ္ပတ္တိ နာမ နတ္ထိ. တဿ သစေ စီဝရံ ပါပုဏာတိ, အန္တစ္ဆိန္နကံ ဝါ ဇိဏ္ဏဒုဗ္ဗဏ္ဏံ ဝါ ပါပုဏာတိ. သေနာသနမ္ပိ ဝိဟာရပစ္စန္တေ ပဏ္ဏသာလာ ဝါ မဏ္ဍပေါ ဝါ ပါပုဏာတိ. ပိဏ္ဍာယ စရန္တေနာပိ ပုတ္တနတ္တကာနံ ဒါရကာနံ ပစ္ဆတော စရိတဗ္ဗံ ဟောတိ, ပရိယန္တေ နိသီဒိတဗ္ဗံ ဟောတိ. တေန သော ဒုက္ခီ ဒုမ္မနော အဿူနိ မုဉ္စန္တော, ‘‘အတ္ထိ မေ ကုလသန္တကံ ဓနံ, ကပ္ပတိ နု ခေါ တံ ခါဒန္တေန ဇီဝိတု’’န္တိ စိန္တေတွာ ဧကံ ဝိနယဓရံ ပုစ္ဆတိ – ‘‘ကိံ, ဘန္တေ အာစရိယ, အတ္တနော သန္တကံ ဝိစာရေတွာ ခါဒိတုံ ကပ္ပတိ, နော ကပ္ပတီ’’တိ? ‘‘နတ္ထေတ္ထ ဒေါသော, ကပ္ပတေတ’’န္တိ. သော အတ္တနော ဘဇမာနကေ ကတိပယေ ဒုဗ္ဗစေ ဒုရာစာရေ ဘိက္ခူ ဂဟေတွာ, သာယနှသမယေ အန္တောဂါမံ ဂန္တွာ, ဂါမမဇ္ဈေ ဌိတော ဂါမိကေ ပက္ကောသာပေတွာ, ‘‘အမှာကံ ပယောဂတော ဥဋ္ဌိတံ အာယံ ကဿ ဒေထာ’’တိ အာဟ. ဘန္တေ, တုမှေ ပဗ္ဗဇိတာ, မယံ ကဿ ဒဿာမာတိ? ကိံ ပဗ္ဗဇိတာနံ အတ္တနော သန္တကံ န ဝဋ္ဋတီတိ? ကုဒ္ဒါလ-ပိဋကံ ဂဟေတွာ, ခေတ္တမရိယာဒဗန္ဓနာဒီနိ ကရောန္တော နာနာပ္ပကာရံ ပုဗ္ဗဏ္ဏာပရဏ္ဏဉ္စေဝ [Pg.77] ဖလာဖလေ စ သင်္ဂဏှိတွာ, ဟေမန္တဂိမှဝဿာနေသု ယံ ယံ ဣစ္ဆတိ, တံ တံ ပစာပေတွာ ခါဒန္တော သမဏကုဋုမ္ဗိကော ဟုတွာ ဇီဝတိ. ကေဝလမဿ ပဉ္စစူဠကေန ဒါရကေန သဒ္ဓိံ ပါဒပရိစာရိကာဝ ဧကာ နတ္ထိ. အယံ ပုဂ္ဂလော ကိဉ္စာပိ ဩလမ္ဗိနီဟိ သာခါဟိ ဥဒကံ ဖုသမာနော အန္တောသာခေါ ရုက္ခော ဝိယ စေတိယင်္ဂဏဗောဓိယင်္ဂဏာဒီသု ဘိက္ခူနံ ကာယသာမဂ္ဂိံ ဒေတိ, ဂိဟိဗန္ဓနဿ ပန အစ္ဆိန္နတာယ ဗဟိမူလတ္တာ အရိယမဂ္ဂံ ဩတရိတွာ သမာဓိကုလ္လေ နိသိန္နော နိဗ္ဗာနသာဂရံ ပါပုဏိတုံ န သက္ကောတိ.

A monastic-householder with uncut household bonds should be seen as like a tree that has grown on the bank of the Ganges, with its roots outside and its branches inside. For this person thinks: 'This mind is unstable. While saying, "I am a monk," one becomes a householder. While saying, "I am a householder," one becomes a monk. Who knows what will happen?' Even when ordaining in old age, he does not relinquish his household bonds. And for those ordained in old age, there is no such thing as accomplishment. If he gets a robe, he gets one that is torn at the edge, or old and discolored. If he gets a dwelling, it is a leaf hut or a shed at the edge of the monastery. When going for alms-food, he has to walk behind young monks who are the age of his sons and grandsons, and he has to sit at the end of the line. Because of this, miserable and dejected, shedding tears, he thinks: 'I have family wealth. Is it permissible to live by consuming it?' He then asks a Vinaya expert: 'Venerable teacher, is it permissible to manage and consume one's own property, or is it not?' 'There is no fault in this; it is permissible.' So, taking a few unruly and ill-behaved monks who follow him, he goes into the village in the evening. Standing in the middle of the village, he has the villagers summoned and asks, 'To whom do you give the income that arises from our property?' They reply, 'Venerable sir, you have ordained. To whom should we give it?' He says, 'Is one's own property not allowed for the ordained?' Taking a hoe and a basket, he works on things like marking the field boundaries, gathers various kinds of early and late crops and fruits, and in winter, summer, and the rainy season, has whatever he desires cooked and eats it, living as a monastic-householder. The only things lacking are a wife to serve at his feet and a child with the five-tuft hairstyle. Although this person, like a tree with inward-leaning branches touching the water with its drooping boughs, may give an appearance of bodily unity with the monks in the courtyards of stūpas and Bodhi trees, because his household bonds are uncut and his roots are outside, he is unable to descend onto the Noble Path, sit upon the raft of concentration, and reach the ocean of Nibbāna.

ဂင်္ဂါယ မဇ္ဈေ ဇာတော ဗဟိဒ္ဓါ ဝလ္လီဟိ အာဗဒ္ဓဝင်္ကသာခါ ဝိယ သံဃသန္တကံ နိဿာယ ဇီဝမာနော ဘိန္နာဇီဝပုဂ္ဂလော ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗော. ဧကစ္စော ဂိဟိဗန္ဓနံ ပဟာယ ပဗ္ဗဇန္တောပိ သာရုပ္ပဋ္ဌာနေ ပဗ္ဗဇ္ဇံ န လဘတိ. ပဗ္ဗဇ္ဇာ ဟိ နာမေသာ ပဋိသန္ဓိဂ္ဂဟဏသဒိသာ. ယထာ မနုဿာ ယတ္ထ ပဋိသန္ဓိံ ဂဏှန္တိ, တေသံယေဝ ကုလာနံ အာစာရံ သိက္ခန္တိ, ဧဝံ ဘိက္ခူပိ ယေသံ သန္တိကေ ပဗ္ဗဇန္တိ, တေသံယေဝ အာစာရံ ဂဏှန္တိ. တသ္မာ ဧကစ္စော အသာရုပ္ပဋ္ဌာနေ ပဗ္ဗဇိတွာ ဩဝါဒါနုသာသနီဥဒ္ဒေသပရိပုစ္ဆာဒီဟိ ပရိဗာဟိရော ဟုတွာ ပါတောဝ မုဏ္ဍဃဋံ ဂဟေတွာ ဥဒကတိတ္ထံ ဂစ္ဆတိ, အာစရိယုပဇ္ဈာယာနံ ဘတ္တတ္ထာယ ခန္ဓေ ပတ္တံ ကတွာ ဘတ္တသာလံ ဂစ္ဆတိ, ဒုဗ္ဗစသာမဏေရေဟိ သဒ္ဓိံ နာနာကီဠံ ကီဠတိ, အာရာမိကဒါရကေဟိ သံသဋ္ဌော ဝိဟရတိ.

A person of corrupt livelihood, who lives depending on the Sangha's property, should be seen as like a tree that has grown in the middle of the Ganges with crooked branches bound by vines from the outside. Some, even when abandoning household bonds and going forth, do not receive ordination in a suitable place. For this ordination is like taking rebirth. Just as humans learn the conduct of the families in which they take rebirth, so too do monks adopt the conduct of those in whose presence they ordain. Therefore, someone, having gone forth in an unsuitable place, becomes excluded from admonition, instruction, recitation, questioning, and so on. Early in the morning, he takes a water pot and goes to the watering place. For the meal of his teachers and preceptors, he places his bowl on his shoulder and goes to the refectory. He plays various games with unruly novices and dwells in association with monastery attendant boys.

သော ဒဟရဘိက္ခုကာလေ အတ္တနော အနုရူပေဟိ ဒဟရဘိက္ခူဟိ စေဝ အာရာမိကေဟိ စ သဒ္ဓိံ သံဃဘောဂံ ဂန္တွာ, ‘‘အယံ ခီဏာသဝေဟိ အသုကရညော သန္တိကာ ပဋိဂ္ဂဟိတသံဃဘောဂေါ, တုမှေ သံဃဿ ဣဒဉ္စိဒဉ္စ န ဒေထ, န ဟိ တုမှာကံ ပဝတ္တိံ သုတွာ ရာဇာ ဝါ ရာဇမဟာမတ္တာ ဝါ အတ္တမနာ ဘဝိဿန္တိ, ဧထ ဒါနိ ဣဒဉ္စိဒဉ္စ ကရောထာ’’တိ ကုဒ္ဒါလ-ပိဋကာနိ ဂါဟာပေတွာ ဟေဋ္ဌာ တဠာကမာတိကာသု ကတ္တဗ္ဗကိစ္စာနိ ကာရာပေတွာ ဗဟုံ ပုဗ္ဗဏ္ဏာပရဏ္ဏံ ဝိဟာရံ ပဝေသေတွာ အာရာမိကေဟိ အတ္တနော ဥပကာရဘာဝံ သံဃဿ အာရောစာပေတိ. သံဃော ‘‘အယံ ဒဟရော ဗဟူပကာရော, ဣမဿ သတံ ဝါ ဒွိသတံ ဝါ ဒေထာ’’တိ ဒါပေတိ. ဣတိ သော ဣတော စိတော စ သံဃသန္တကေနေဝ ဝဍ္ဎန္တော ဗဟိဒ္ဓါ ဧကဝီသတိဝိဓာဟိ အနေသနာဟိ ဗဒ္ဓေါ အရိယမဂ္ဂံ ဩတရိတွာ သမာဓိကုလ္လေ နိသိန္နော နိဗ္ဗာနသာဂရံ ပါပုဏိတုံ န သက္ကောတိ.

In his time as a young monk, he, together with other suitable young monks and monastery attendants, would manage the Sangha's property, saying, 'This is the Sangha's property, received from such-and-such a king by the Arahants. You should not give this and that to the Sangha, for if the king or his great ministers hear of your conduct, they will not be pleased. Come now, do this and that.' Having caused them to take hoes and baskets, and having caused the necessary tasks to be performed in the lower channels of the reservoir, he would bring much grain and other produce into the monastery and cause the monastery attendants to announce his helpfulness to the Sangha. The Sangha, saying, 'This young one is very helpful; give him one hundred or two hundred,' would cause it to be given. Thus, prospering here and there by means of the Sangha's property alone, and bound externally by twenty-one kinds of improper seeking, he is unable to descend onto the Noble Path, sit on the raft of concentration, and reach the ocean of Nibbāna.

ပတိတဋ္ဌာနေယေဝ [Pg.78] ဝါလိကာယ ဩတ္ထရိတွာ ပူတိဘာဝံ အာပါဒိတရုက္ခော ဝိယ အာလသိယမဟဂ္ဃသော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. ဧဝရူပဉှိ ပုဂ္ဂလံ အာမိသစက္ခုံ ပစ္စယလောလံ ဝိဿဋ္ဌအာစရိယုပဇ္ဈာယဝတ္တံ ဥဒ္ဒေသပရိပုစ္ဆာယောနိသောမနသိကာရဝဇ္ဇိတံ သန္ဓာယ ပဉ္စ နီဝရဏာနိ အတ္ထတော ဧဝံ ဝဒန္တိ – ‘‘ဘော, ကဿ သန္တိကံ ဂစ္ဆာမာ’’တိ? အထ ထိနမိဒ္ဓံ ဥဋ္ဌာယ ဧဝမာဟ – ‘‘ကိံ န ပဿထ? ဧသော အသုကဝိဟာရဝါသီ ကုသီတပုဂ္ဂလော အသုကံ နာမ ဂါမံ ဂန္တွာ ယာဂုမတ္ထကေ ယာဂုံ, ပူဝမတ္ထကေ ပူဝံ, ဘတ္တမတ္ထကေ ဘတ္တံ အဇ္ဈောဟရိတွာ ဝိဟာရံ အာဂမ္မ ဝိဿဋ္ဌသဗ္ဗဝတ္တော ဥဒ္ဒေသာဒိဝိရဟိတော မဉ္စံ ဥပဂစ္ဆန္တော မယှံ ဩကာသံ ကရောတီ’’တိ.

Like a tree which, in the very place it has fallen, is covered by sand and brought to a state of decay—so should the lazy and gluttonous one be understood. For regarding such a person—whose eye is on material gain, who is greedy for requisites, who has abandoned the duties toward teachers and preceptors, and who is devoid of recitation, questioning, and wise attention—the five hindrances, in effect, speak thus: 'Sirs, to whose presence shall we go?' Then sloth and torpor, having arisen, say: 'Why do you not see? That lazy person dwelling in such-and-such a monastery, having gone to such-and-such a village and having consumed gruel on top of gruel, cakes on top of cakes, and rice on top of rice, returns to the monastery. Having abandoned all duties and being devoid of recitation and so on, as he approaches his bed, he creates an opportunity for me.'

တတော ကာမစ္ဆန္ဒနီဝရဏံ ဥဋ္ဌာယာဟ – ‘‘ဘော, တဝ ဩကာသေ ကတေ မယှံ ကတောဝ ဟောတိ, ဣဒါနေဝ သော နိဒ္ဒါယိတွာ ကိလေသာနုရဉ္ဇိတောဝ ပဗုဇ္ဈိတွာ ကာမဝိတက္ကံ ဝိတက္ကေဿတီ’’တိ. တတော ဗျာပါဒနီဝရဏံ ဥဋ္ဌာယာဟ – ‘‘တုမှာကံ ဩကာသေ ကတေ မယှံ ကတောဝ ဟောတိ. ဣဒါနေဝ နိဒ္ဒါယိတွာ ဝုဋ္ဌိတော ‘ဝတ္တပဋိဝတ္တံ ကရောဟီ’တိ ဝုစ္စမာနော, ‘ဘော, ဣမေ အတ္တနော ကမ္မံ အကတွာ အမှေသု ဗျာဝဋာ’တိ နာနပ္ပကာရံ ဖရုသဝစနံ ဝဒန္တော အက္ခီနိ နီဟရိတွာ ဝိစရိဿတီ’’တိ. တတော ဥဒ္ဓစ္စနီဝရဏံ ဥဋ္ဌာယာဟ – ‘‘တုမှာကံ ဩကာသေ ကတေ မယှံ ကတောဝ ဟောတိ, ကုသီတော နာမ ဝါတာဟတော အဂ္ဂိက္ခန္ဓော ဝိယ ဥဒ္ဓတော ဟောတီ’’တိ. အထ ကုကုစ္စနီဝရဏံ ဥဋ္ဌာယာဟ – ‘‘တုမှာကံ ဩကာသေ ကတေ မယှံ ကတောဝ ဟောတိ, ကုသီတော နာမ ကုက္ကုစ္စပကတောဝ ဟောတိ, အကပ္ပိယေ ကပ္ပိယသညံ ကပ္ပိယေ စ အကပ္ပိယသညံ ဥပ္ပာဒေတီ’’တိ. အထ ဝိစိကိစ္ဆာနီဝရဏံ ဥဋ္ဌာယာဟ – ‘‘တုမှာကံ ဩကာသေ ကတေ မယှံ ကတောဝ ဟောတိ. ဧဝရူပေါ ဟိ အဋ္ဌသု ဌာနေသု မဟာဝိစိကိစ္ဆံ ဥပ္ပာဒေသီ’’တိ. ဧဝံ အာလသိယမဟဂ္ဃသံ ပဉ္စ နီဝရဏာနိ စဏ္ဍသုနခါဒယော ဝိယ သိင်္ဂစ္ဆိန္နံ ဇရဂ္ဂဝံ အဇ္ဈောတ္ထရိတွာ ဂဏှန္တိ. သောပိ အရိယမဂ္ဂသောတံ ဩတရိတွာ သမာဓိကုလ္လေ နိသိန္နော နိဗ္ဗာနသာဂရံ ပါပုဏိတုံ န သက္ကောတိ.

Then the hindrance of sensual desire, having arisen, says: 'Sir, when an opportunity is made for you, it is made for me as well. Just now, having slept, he will awaken with a mind tainted by defilements and will contemplate thoughts of sensuality.' Then the hindrance of ill-will, having arisen, says: 'When an opportunity is made for you, it is made for me as well. Just now, having awakened from sleep, when told, “Perform your duties,” he will wander about with glaring eyes, uttering various kinds of harsh words, such as, “Sirs, these monks, not doing their own work, are busying themselves with us.”' Then the hindrance of restlessness, having arisen, says: 'When an opportunity is made for you, it is made for me as well; a lazy person is agitated like a mass of fire struck by the wind.' Then the hindrance of remorse, having arisen, says: 'When an opportunity is made for you, it is made for me as well; a lazy person is overcome by remorse, producing the perception of the unallowable as allowable, and of the allowable as unallowable.' Then the hindrance of doubt, having arisen, says: 'When an opportunity is made for you, it is made for me as well. Such a person indeed produces great doubt in eight instances.' Thus, the five hindrances overwhelm and seize the lazy and gluttonous one, just as fierce dogs and other animals overwhelm and seize an old ox with broken horns. He too is unable to descend into the stream of the Noble Path, sit on the raft of concentration, and reach the ocean of Nibbāna.

ဒွိန္နံ ပါသာဏာနံ အန္တရေ နိခါတမူလာကာရေန ဌိတရုက္ခော ဝိယ ဒိဋ္ဌိံ ဥပ္ပာဒေတွာ ဌိတော ဒိဋ္ဌိဂတိကော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. သော ဟိ ‘‘အရူပဘဝေ ရူပံ အတ္ထိ, အသညီဘဝေ စိတ္တံ ပဝတ္တတိ, ဗဟုစိတ္တက္ခဏိကော လောကုတ္တရမဂ္ဂေါ, အနုသယော [Pg.79] စိတ္တဝိပ္ပယုတ္တော, တေ စ သတ္တာ သန္ဓာဝန္တိ သံသရန္တီ’’တိ ဝဒန္တော အရိဋ္ဌော ဝိယ ကဏ္ဋကသာမဏေရော ဝိယ စ ဝိစရတိ. ပိသုဏဝါစော ပန ဟောတိ, ဥပဇ္ဈာယာဒယော သဒ္ဓိဝိဟာရိကာဒီဟိ ဘိန္ဒန္တော ဝိစရတိ. သောပိ အရိယမဂ္ဂသောတံ ဩတရိတွာ သမာဓိကုလ္လေ နိသိန္နော နိဗ္ဗာနသာဂရံ ပါပုဏိတုံ န သက္ကောတိ.

Like a tree standing as if its root were driven in between two great stones, one who stands fast, having produced a wrong view, should be understood as a person holding wrong views. For he wanders about like the monk Ariṭṭha and the novice Kaṇṭaka, proclaiming: 'In the formless realm, there is form; in the non-percipient realm, mind arises; the supramundane path has many mind-moments; latent tendencies are dissociated from the mind; and those very beings transmigrate and wander on.' Moreover, he is one of slanderous speech; he wanders about, causing division between preceptors and their co-residents. He too is unable to descend into the stream of the Noble Path, sit on the raft of concentration, and reach the ocean of Nibbāna.

အဗ္ဘောကာသေ နဘံ ပူရေတွာ ဝလ္လီဟိ အာဗဒ္ဓေါ ဌိတော ဧကံ ဒွေ သံဝစ္ဆရေ အတိက္ကမိတွာ အာဂတေ မဟောဃေ သကိံ ဝါ ဒွိက္ခတ္တုံ ဝါ တေမနရုက္ခော ဝိယ မဟလ္လကကာလေ ပဗ္ဗဇိတွာ ပစ္စန္တေ ဝသမာနော ဒုလ္လဘသံဃဒဿနော စေဝ ဒုလ္လဘဓမ္မဿဝနော စ ပုဂ္ဂလော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. ဧကစ္စော ဟိ ဝုဍ္ဎကာလေ ပဗ္ဗဇိတော ကတိပါဟေန ဥပသမ္ပဒံ လဘိတွာ ပဉ္စဝဿကာလေ ပါတိမောက္ခံ ပဂုဏံ ကတွာ ဒသဝဿကာလေ ဝိနယဓရတ္ထေရဿ သန္တိကေ ဝိနယကထာကာလေ မရိစံ ဝါ ဟရီတကခဏ္ဍံ ဝါ မုခေ ဌပေတွာ ဗီဇနေန မုခံ ပိဓာယ နိဒ္ဒါယန္တော နိသီဒိတွာ လေသကပ္ပေန ကတဝိနယော နာမ ဟုတွာ ပတ္တစီဝရံ အာဒါယ ပစ္စန္တံ ဂစ္ဆတိ. တတြ နံ မနုဿာ သက္ကရိတွာ ဘိက္ခုဒဿနဿ ဒုလ္လဘတာယ ‘‘ဣဓေဝ, ဘန္တေ, ဝသထာ’’တိ ဝိဟာရံ ကာရေတွာ ပုပ္ဖူပဂဖလူပဂရုက္ခေ ရောပေတွာ တတ္ထ ဝါသေန္တိ.

Like a tree that stands in the open, filling the sky, bound by creepers, and gets wet once or twice when a great flood comes after one or two years have passed, so should a person be understood who, having gone forth in old age, dwells in the borderlands, with rare sight of the Sangha and rare hearing of the Dhamma. For a certain person, having gone forth in old age, receives higher ordination within a few days, makes the Pātimokkha proficient in five years, and by ten years, during a discourse on the Vinaya in the presence of a Vinaya-holding elder, he sits dozing, having placed a peppercorn or a piece of myrobalan in his mouth and covering his mouth with a fan. Thus, having become one named 'a master of the Vinaya' by way of pretext, he takes his bowl and robes and goes to the borderlands. There, people honor him, and due to the rarity of seeing a monk, they say, 'Venerable sir, please dwell right here.' Having had a monastery built and having planted trees that bear flowers and fruit, they cause him to dwell there.

အထ မဟာဝိဟာရသဒိသဝိဟာရာ ဗဟုဿုတာ ဘိက္ခူ, ‘‘ဇနပဒေ စီဝရရဇနာဒီနိ ကတွာ အာဂမိဿာမာ’’တိ တတ္ထ ဂစ္ဆန္တိ. သော တေ ဒိသွာ, ဟဋ္ဌတုဋ္ဌော ဝတ္တပဋိဝတ္တံ ကတွာ, ပုနဒိဝသေ အာဒါယ ဘိက္ခာစာရဂါမံ ပဝိသိတွာ, ‘‘အသုကော ထေရော သုတ္တန္တိကော, အသုကော အဘိဓမ္မိကော, အသုကော ဝိနယဓရော, အသုကော တေပိဋကော, ဧဝရူပေ ထေရေ ကဒါ လဘိဿထ, ဓမ္မသဝနံ ကာရေထာ’’တိ ဝဒတိ. ဥပါသကာ ‘‘ဓမ္မဿဝနံ ကာရေဿာမာ’’တိ ဝိဟာရမဂ္ဂံ သောဓေတွာ, သပ္ပိတေလာဒီနိ အာဒါယ, မဟာထေရံ ဥပသင်္ကမိတွာ, ‘‘ဘန္တေ, ဓမ္မဿဝနံ ကာရေဿာမ, ဓမ္မကထိကာနံ ဝိစာရေထာ’’တိ ဝတွာ ပုနဒိဝသေ အာဂန္တွာ ဓမ္မံ သုဏန္တိ.

Then, bhikkhus of great learning from a monastery like unto the Mahāvihāra, thinking, 'Having performed the dyeing of robes and other duties in the countryside, we shall return,' went there. Seeing them, he, being joyful and delighted, performed the major and minor duties. On the next day, having taken them with him and entered the alms-round village, he said, 'Such and such a Thera is a master of the Suttanta, such and such is a master of the Abhidhamma, such and such is a master of the Vinaya, and such and such is a master of the Tipiṭaka. When will you ever get such Theras? You should arrange for a hearing of the Dhamma!' The lay devotees, thinking, 'We shall arrange for a hearing of the Dhamma,' cleared the path to the monastery, and taking ghee, oil, and so forth, they approached the Mahāthera and said, 'Venerable sir, we shall arrange for a hearing of the Dhamma. Please arrange for the Dhamma speakers.' Then, on the next day, they came and listened to the Dhamma.

နေဝါသိကတ္ထေရော အာဂန္တုကာနံ ပတ္တစီဝရာနိ ပဋိသာမေန္တော အန္တောဂဗ္ဘေယေဝ ဒိဝသဘာဂံ ဝီတိနာမေတိ. ဒိဝါကထိကော ဥဋ္ဌိတော သရဘာဏကော ဃဋေန ဥဒကံ ဝမေန္တော ဝိယ သရဘာဏံ ဘဏိတွာ ဥဋ္ဌိတော, တမ္ပိ [Pg.80] သော န ဇာနာတိ. ရတ္တိကထိကော သာဂရံ ခေါဘေန္တော ဝိယ ရတ္တိံ ကထေတွာ ဥဋ္ဌိတော, တမ္ပိ သော န ဇာနာတိ. ပစ္စူသကထိကော ကထေတွာ ဥဋ္ဌာသိ, တမ္ပိ သော န ဇာနာတိ. ပါတောဝ ပန ဥဋ္ဌာယ မုခံ ဓောဝိတွာ, ထေရာနံ ပတ္တစီဝရာနိ ဥပနာမေတွာ, ဘိက္ခာစာရံ ဥပဂစ္ဆန္တော မဟာထေရံ အာဟ – ‘‘ဘန္တေ, ဒိဝါကထိကော ကတရံ ဇာတကံ နာမ ကထေသိ, သရဘာဏကော ကတရံ သုတ္တံ နာမ ဘဏိ, ရတ္တိကထိကော ကတရံ ဓမ္မကထံ နာမ ကထေသိ, ပစ္စူသကထိကော ကတရံ ဇာတကံ နာမ ကထေသိ, ခန္ဓာ နာမ ကတိ, ဓာတုယော နာမ ကတိ, အာယတနာ နာမ ကတီ’’တိ. ဧဝရူပေါ ဧကံ ဒွေ သံဝစ္ဆရာနိ အတိက္ကမိတွာ ဘိက္ခုဒဿနဉ္စေဝ ဓမ္မဿဝနဉ္စ လဘန္တောပိ ဩဃေ အာဂတေ ဥဒကေန သကိံ ဝါ ဒွိက္ခတ္တုံ ဝါ တေမိတရုက္ခသဒိသော ဟောတိ. သော ဧဝံ သံဃဒဿနတော စ ဓမ္မဿဝနတော စ ပဋိက္ကမ္မ ဒူရေ ဝသန္တော အရိယမဂ္ဂံ ဩတရိတွာ သမာဓိကုလ္လေ နိသိန္နော နိဗ္ဗာနသာဂရံ ပါပုဏိတုံ န သက္ကောတိ.

The resident Thera, while storing away the bowls and robes of the visiting bhikkhus, passed the daytime only within the inner chamber. The daytime speaker, having finished, arose. The reciter with intonation, having recited with intonation like one pouring out water from a pot, arose; that too he did not know. The nighttime speaker, having spoken throughout the night as if stirring up the ocean, arose; that too he did not know. The dawn-watch speaker, having spoken, arose; that too he did not know. Then, rising early in the morning and washing his face, he brought the bowls and robes to the Theras. As he was approaching the alms-round village, he asked the Mahāthera: 'Venerable sir, what Jātaka did the daytime speaker relate? What Sutta did the reciter with intonation recite? What Dhamma talk did the nighttime speaker give? What Jātaka did the dawn-watch speaker relate? How many are the aggregates? How many are the elements? How many are the sense bases?' Such a person, though he may gain the sight of bhikkhus and the hearing of the Dhamma after one or two years have passed, is like a tree that is soaked by water once or twice when a flood comes. Thus, having withdrawn from the sight of the Saṅgha and the hearing of the Dhamma and dwelling afar, he is not able, having descended to the Noble Path and being seated on the raft of concentration, to reach the ocean of Nibbāna.

မဇ္ဈေ ဂင်္ဂါယ ဒီပကေ ဇာတော မုဒုရုက္ခော ဝိယ မဓုရဿရဘာဏကပုဂ္ဂလော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. သော ဟိ အဘိညာတာနိ အဘိညာတာနိ ဝေဿန္တရာဒီနိ ဇာတကာနိ ဥဂ္ဂဏှိတွာ, ဒုလ္လဘဘိက္ခုဒဿနံ ပစ္စန္တံ ဂန္တွာ, တတ္ထ ဓမ္မကထာယ ပသာဒိတဟဒယေန ဇနေန ဥပဋ္ဌိယမာနော အတ္တာနံ ဥဒ္ဒိဿ ကတေ သမ္ပန္နပုပ္ဖဖလရုက္ခေ နန္ဒနဝနာဘိရာမေ ဝိဟာရေ ဝသတိ. အထဿ ဘာရဟာရဘိက္ခူ တံ ပဝတ္တိံ သုတွာ, ‘‘အသုကော ကိရ ဧဝံ ဥပဋ္ဌာကေသု ပဋိဗဒ္ဓစိတ္တော ဝိဟရတိ. ပဏ္ဍိတော ဘိက္ခု ပဋိဗလော ဗုဒ္ဓဝစနံ ဝါ ဥဂ္ဂဏှိတုံ, ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ ဝါ မနသိကာတုံ, အာနေတွာ တေန သဒ္ဓိံ အသုကတ္ထေရဿ သန္တိကေ ဓမ္မံ ဥဂ္ဂဏှိဿာမ, အသုကတ္ထေရဿ သန္တိကေ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာန’’န္တိ တတ္ထ ဂစ္ဆန္တိ.

A person who recites with a sweet voice should be understood to be like a tender tree grown on an islet in the middle of the Gaṅgā. For he, having learned the very well-known Jātakas such as the Vessantara, goes to a border region where the sight of a bhikkhu is rare. There, being attended upon by the people whose hearts are gladdened by his Dhamma talk, he dwells in a monastery, delightful like the Nandana Grove and complete with flowering and fruit-bearing trees, which was built for him. Then, the bhikkhus responsible for him, hearing that news, thought: 'It seems that so-and-so dwells with his mind attached to his supporters. He is a wise bhikkhu, capable of learning the word of the Buddha or of attending to a meditation subject. Having brought him, together with him we shall learn the Dhamma in the presence of such-and-such a Thera, and we shall learn the meditation subject in the presence of such-and-such a Thera.' And so they went there.

သော တေသံ ဝတ္တံ ကတွာ သာယနှသမယံ ဝိဟာရစာရိကံ နိက္ခန္တေဟိ တေဟိ ‘‘ဣမံ, အာဝုသော, စေတိယံ တယာ ကာရိတ’’န္တိ ပုဋ္ဌော, ‘‘အာမ, ဘန္တေ’’တိ ဝဒတိ. ‘‘အယံ ဗောဓိ, အယံ မဏ္ဍပေါ, ဣဒံ ဥပေါသထာဂါရံ, ဧသာ အဂ္ဂိသာလာ, အယံ စင်္ကမော တယာ ကာရိတော. ဣမေ ရုက္ခေ ရောပါပေတွာ တယာ နန္ဒနဝနာဘိရာမော ဝိဟာရော ကာရိတော’’တိ. ‘‘အာမ, ဘန္တေ’’တိ, ဝဒတိ.

He, having performed his duties to them, was asked in the evening by those bhikkhus who had gone out for a walk around the monastery, 'Friend, was this cetiya caused to be built by you?' He replied, 'Yes, venerable sirs.' 'This Bodhi tree, this pavilion, this Uposatha hall, this fire-hall, and this walking path—were they caused to be built by you? And having had these trees planted, was this monastery, as delightful as the Nandana Grove, caused to be built by you?' 'Yes, venerable sirs,' he replied.

သော သာယံ ထေရုပဋ္ဌာနံ ဂန္တွာ ဝန္ဒိတွာ ပုစ္ဆတိ – ‘‘ကသ္မာ, ဘန္တေ, အာဂတတ္ထာ’’တိ? ‘‘အာဝုသော, တံ အာဒါယ ဂန္တွာ, အသုကတ္ထေရဿ သန္တိကေ [Pg.81] ဓမ္မံ ဥဂ္ဂဏှိတွာ, အသုကတ္ထေရဿ သန္တိကေ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ, အသုကသ္မိံ နာမ အရညေ သမဂ္ဂါ သမဏဓမ္မံ ကရိဿာမာတိ ဣမိနာ ကာရဏေန အာဂတမှာ’’တိ. သာဓု, ဘန္တေ, တုမှေ နာမ မယှံ အတ္ထာယ အာဂတာ, အဟမ္ပိ စိရနိဝါသေန ဣဓ ဥက္ကဏ္ဌိတော ဂစ္ဆာမိ, ပတ္တစီဝရံ ဂဏှာမိ, ဘန္တေတိ. အာဝုသော, သာမဏေရဒဟရာ မဂ္ဂကိလန္တာ, အဇ္ဇ ဝသိတွာ သွေ ပစ္ဆာဘတ္တံ ဂမိဿာမာတိ. သာဓု, ဘန္တေတိ ပုနဒိဝသေ တေဟိ သဒ္ဓိံ ပိဏ္ဍာယ ပဝိသတိ. ဂါမဝါသိနော ‘‘အမှာကံ အယျော ဗဟူ အာဂန္တုကေ ဘိက္ခူ ဂဟေတွာ အာဂတော’’တိ အာသနာနိ ပညာပေတွာ ယာဂုံ ပါယေတွာ သုခနိသိန္နကထံ သုတွာ ဘတ္တံ အဒံသု. ထေရာ ‘‘တွံ, အာဝုသော, အနုမောဒနံ ကတွာ နိက္ခမ, မယံ ဥဒကဖာသုကဋ္ဌာနေ ဘတ္တကိစ္စံ ကရိဿာမာ’’တိ နိက္ခန္တာ.

In the evening, he went to attend upon the Theras, and having paid homage, he asked, 'Venerable sirs, for what reason have you come?' 'Friend, we have come for this reason: to take you with us, and having gone, to learn the Dhamma in the presence of such-and-such a Thera, to learn the meditation subject in the presence of such-and-such a Thera, and then, in unity, to practice the ascetic's duties in such-and-such a forest.' 'Excellent, venerable sirs! You have come for my benefit. I too, having lived here for a long time, have become discontented. I shall go; I shall get my bowl and robe, venerable sirs.' 'Friend, the young novices are weary from the journey. Let us stay today and go tomorrow after the meal.' 'Very well, venerable sirs.' The next day, he entered for alms together with them. The villagers, thinking, 'Our master has come, bringing many visiting bhikkhus,' prepared seats, served them rice-gruel, and after listening to a pleasant talk, they gave the meal. The Theras, having departed first, said, 'Friend, you give the anumodanā and then come out. We shall do our meal duties at a place with convenient water.'

ဂါမဝါသိနော အနုမောဒနံ သုတွာ ပုစ္ဆိံသု, ‘‘ကုတော, ဘန္တေ, ထေရာ အာဂတာ’’တိ? ဧတေ အမှာကံ အာစရိယုပဇ္ဈာယာ သမာနုပဇ္ဈာယာ သန္ဒိဋ္ဌာ သမ္ဘတ္တာတိ. ကသ္မာ အာဂတာတိ? မံ ဂဟေတွာ ဂန္တုကာမတာယာတိ. တုမှေ ပန ဂန္တုကာမာတိ? အာမာဝုသောတိ. ကိံ ဝဒေထ, ဘန္တေ, အမှေဟိ ကဿ ဥပေါသထာဂါရံ ကာရိတံ, ကဿ ဘောဇနသာလာ, ကဿ အဂ္ဂိသာလာဒယော ကာရိတာ, မယံ မင်္ဂလာမင်္ဂလေသု ကဿ သန္တိကံ ဂမိဿာမာတိ? မဟာဥပါသိကာယောပိ တတ္ထေဝ နိသီဒိတွာ အဿူနိ ပဝတ္တယိံသု. ဒဟရော ‘‘တုမှေသု ဧဝံ ဒုက္ခိတေသု အဟံ ဂန္တွာ ကိံ ကရိဿာမိ? ထေရေ ဥယျောဇေဿာမီ’’တိ ဝိဟာရံ ဂတော.

The villagers, having heard the anumodanā, asked, 'Venerable sir, from where have the Theras come?' 'They are our teachers and preceptors, those with the same preceptor, our acquaintances and companions.' 'For what reason have they come?' 'Because of their desire to take me and go.' 'But do you wish to go?' 'Yes, friends.' 'What are you saying, venerable sir? For whom did we have the Uposatha hall built? For whom the dining hall? For whom were the fire-hall and so forth built? To whom shall we go on auspicious and inauspicious occasions?' The great female lay devotees also, sitting right there, shed tears. The young monk thought, 'When you are so distressed, what shall I accomplish by going? I will send the Theras away,' and he went to the monastery.

ထေရာပိ ကတဘတ္တကိစ္စာ ပတ္တစီဝရာနိ ဂဟေတွာ နိသိန္နာ တံ ဒိသွာဝ, ‘‘ကိံ, အာဝုသော, စိရာယသိ, ဒိဝါ ဟောတိ, ဂစ္ဆာမာ’’တိ အာဟံသု. အာမ, ဘန္တေ, တုမှေ သုခိတာ, အသုကဂေဟဿ ဣဋ္ဌကာမူလံ ဌိတသဏ္ဌာနေနေဝ ဌိတံ, အသုကဂေဟာဒီနံ စိတ္တကမ္မမူလာဒီနိ အတ္ထိ, ဂတဿာပိ မေ စိတ္တဝိက္ခေပေါ ဘဝိဿတိ, တုမှေ ပုရတော ဂန္တွာ အသုကဝိဟာရေ စီဝရဓောဝနရဇနာဒီနိ ကရောထ, အဟံ တတ္ထ သမ္ပာပုဏိဿာမီတိ. တေ တဿ ဩသက္ကိတုကာမတံ ဉတွာ တွံ ပစ္ဆာ အာဂစ္ဆေယျာသီတိ ပက္ကမိံသု.

The elders, having also completed their meal duties, took their bowls and robes and were seated. Upon seeing him, they said, 'Friend, why do you delay? The day is advanced; let us go.' 'Yes, venerable sirs. You are at ease. The brick foundation of such-and-such a building remains just as it was left, and for other buildings, the painting work on the foundations and so forth is still there. Even if I go, I will have a distraction of mind. You go ahead and perform the tasks of washing robes, dyeing, and so on at such-and-such a monastery. I will arrive there.' They, knowing his desire to shrink back, departed, thinking, 'You may come later.'

သော ထေရေ အနုဂန္တွာ နိဝတ္တော ဝိဟာရမေဝ အာဂန္တွာ ဘောဇနသာလာဒီနိ ဩလောကေန္တော ဝိဟာရံ ရာမဏေယျကံ ဒိသွာ စိန္တေသိ – ‘‘သာဓု ဝတမှိ န ဂတော. သစေ အဂမိဿံ, ကောစိ, ဒေဝ, ဓမ္မကထိကော အာဂန္တွာ[Pg.82], သဗ္ဗေသံ မနံ ဘိန္ဒိတွာ, ဝိဟာရံ အတ္တနော နိကာယသန္တကံ ကရေယျ, အထ မယာ ပစ္ဆာ အာဂန္တွာ ဧတဿ ပစ္ဆတော လဒ္ဓပိဏ္ဍံ ဘုဉ္ဇန္တေန စရိတဗ္ဗံ ဘဝိဿတီ’’တိ.

He, having followed the elders and turned back, came to the very monastery. Looking at the dining hall and other places, and seeing the delightful monastery, he thought: 'It is indeed good that I did not go. If I had gone, some Dhamma preacher might come, and having broken the minds of all, might make the monastery the property of his own fraternity. Then I, having come later, would have to live by eating the alms-food received after him.'

သော အပရေန သမယေန သုဏာတိ, ‘‘တေ ကိရ ဘိက္ခူ ဂတဋ္ဌာနေ ဧကနိကာယဒွေနိကာယဧကပိဋကဒွေပိဋကာဒိဝသေန ဗုဒ္ဓဝစနံ ဥဂ္ဂဏှိတွာ အဋ္ဌကထာစရိယာ ဇာတာ ဝိနယဓရာ ဇာတာ သတပရိဝါရာပိ သဟဿပရိဝါရာပိ စရန္တိ. ယေ ပနေတ္ထ သမဏဓမ္မံ ကာတုံ ဂတာ, တေ ဃဋေန္တာ ဝါယမန္တာ သောတာပန္နာ ဇာတာ, သကဒါဂါမိနော အနာဂါမိနော အရဟန္တော ဇာတာ, မဟာသက္ကာရေန ပရိနိဗ္ဗုတာ’’တိ. သော စိန္တေသိ – ‘‘သစေ အဟမ္ပိ အဂမိဿံ, မယှမ္ပေသာ သမ္ပတ္တိ အဘဝိဿ, ဣမံ ပန ဌာနံ မုဉ္စိတုံ အသက္ကောန္တော အတိဝိယ ပရိဟီနမှီ’’တိ. အယံ ပုဂ္ဂလော အတ္တနော မုဒုတာယ တံ ဌာနံ အမုဉ္စန္တော အရိယမဂ္ဂံ ဩတရိတွာ သမာဓိကုလ္လေ နိသိန္နော နိဗ္ဗာနသာဂရံ ပါပုဏိတုံ န သက္ကောတိ.

He, at a later time, hears: 'Those monks, it is said, in the place where they went, having learned the Buddha's word by way of one Nikāya, two Nikāyas, one Piṭaka, two Piṭakas, and so on, have become teachers of the commentaries and have become upholders of the Vinaya. They wander with retinues of a hundred and even a thousand. Those among them who went to practice the recluse's duties, striving and exerting themselves, have become stream-enterers, once-returners, non-returners, and arahants; they have attained final Nibbāna with great honor.' He thought: 'If I too had gone, this accomplishment would have been mine. But being unable to relinquish this place, I have greatly declined.' This person, due to his own softness, not relinquishing that place, is unable, having descended upon the noble path and being seated on the bank of concentration, to reach the ocean of Nibbāna.

ဂင်္ဂါယ နဒိယာ တိရိယံ ပတိတွာ, ဝါလိကာယ ဩတ္ထဋဘာဝေန အန္တရသေတု ဝိယ ဟုတွာ, ဗဟူနံ ပစ္စယော ဇာတရုက္ခော ဝိယ ရထဝိနီတမဟာအရိယဝံသစန္ဒောပမာဒိပဋိပဒါသု အညတရံ ပဋိပဒံ ဥဂ္ဂဟေတွာ ဌိတော ဩလီနဝုတ္တိကော ပုဂ္ဂလော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. သော ဟိ တံ ပဋိပတ္တိနိဿိတံ ဓမ္မံ ဥဂ္ဂဟေတွာ ပကတိယာ မဉ္ဇုဿရော စိတ္တလပဗ္ဗတာဒိသဒိသံ မဟန္တံ ဌာနံ ဂန္တွာ စေတိယင်္ဂဏဝတ္တာဒီနိ ကရောတိ. အထ နံ ဓမ္မဿဝနဂ္ဂံ ပတ္တံ အာဂန္တုကာ ဒဟရာ ‘‘ဓမ္မံ ကထေဟီ’’တိ ဝဒန္တိ. သော သမ္မာ ဥဂ္ဂဟိတံ ဓမ္မံ ပဋိပဒံ ဒီပေတွာ ကထေတိ. အထဿ ပံသုကူလိကပိဏ္ဍပါတိကာဒယော သဗ္ဗေ ထေရနဝမဇ္ဈိမာ ဘိက္ခူ ‘‘အဟော သပ္ပုရိသော’’တိ အတ္တမနာ ဘဝန္တိ.

A person of withdrawn conduct should be known, who, like a tree that has grown, having fallen across the river Ganges and become like a bridge between islands due to being covered by sand, is a support for many; and who has learned one or another of the practices from the Rathavinīta Sutta, the Mahā-ariyavaṃsa, the Candopama-paṭipadā, and so on. For he, having learned that teaching which is based on practice, being naturally of sweet voice, goes to a great place like Mount Cittala and performs the duties of the stupa courtyard and so on. Then, young newcomers who have come to a Dhamma hearing say to him, 'Preach the Dhamma.' He preaches the well-learned Dhamma, illuminating the practice. Then all the elder, new, and middle monks—such as wearers of rag-robes and alms-food eaters—become pleased, thinking, 'Oh, what a good man!'

သော ကဿစိ နိဒါနမတ္တံ, ကဿစိ ဥပဍ္ဎဂါထံ, ကဿစိ ဂါထံ ဥပဋ္ဌာပေန္တော အယပဋ္ဋကေန အာဗန္ဓန္တော ဝိယ ဒဟရသာမဏေရေ သင်္ဂဏှိတွာ မဟာထေရေ ဥပသင်္ကမိတွာ, ‘‘ဘန္တေ, အယံ ပေါရာဏကဝိဟာရော အတ္ထိ, ဧတ္ထ ကောစိ တတြုပ္ပာဒေါ’’တိ?, ပုစ္ဆတိ. ထေရာ – ‘‘ကိံ ဝဒေသိ, အာဝုသော, စတုဝီသတိ ကရီသသဟဿာနိ တတြုပ္ပာဒေါ’’တိ. ဘန္တေ, တုမှေ ဧဝံ ဝဒေထ, ဥဒ္ဓနေ ပန အဂ္ဂိပိ န ဇလတီတိ. အာဝုသော, မဟာဝိဟာရဝါသီဟိ လဒ္ဓါ [Pg.83] နာမ ဧဝမေဝ နဿန္တိ, န ကောစိ သဏ္ဌပေတီတိ. ဘန္တေ, ပေါရာဏကရာဇူဟိ ဒိန္နံ ခီဏာသဝေဟိ ပဋိဂ္ဂဟိတံ ကသ္မာ ဧတေ နာသေန္တီတိ? အာဝုသော, တာဒိသေန ဓမ္မကထိကေန သက္ကာ ဘဝေယျ လဒ္ဓုန္တိ. ဘန္တေ, မာ ဧဝံ ဝဒေထ, အမှေ ပဋိပတ္တိဒီပကဓမ္မကထိကာ နာမ, တုမှေ မံ ‘‘သံဃကုဋုမ္ဗိကော ဝိဟာရုပဋ္ဌာကော’’တိ မညမာနာ ကာတုကာမာတိ. ကိံ နု ခေါ, အာဝုသော, အကပ္ပိယမေတံ, တုမှာဒိသေဟိ ပန ကထိတေ အမှာကံ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇေယျာတိ? တေန ဟိ, ဘန္တေ, အာရာမိကေသု အာဂတေသု အမှာကံ ဘာရံ ကရောထ, ဧကံ ကပ္ပိယဒွါရံ ကထေဿာမာတိ.

He, prompting for some just the introduction, for some half a verse, for some a whole verse, as if binding them with an iron band, gathered the young monks and novices. Having approached the great elders, he asks, 'Venerable sirs, this is an ancient monastery. Is there any revenue belonging to it here?' The elders replied, 'What are you saying, friend? Twenty-four thousand karīsas are its revenue.' 'Venerable sirs, you say so, but in the hearth not even a fire burns.' 'Friend, things obtained by the residents of the Mahāvihāra are indeed lost just like this; no one restores them.' 'Venerable sirs, what was given by ancient kings and accepted by those whose cankers are destroyed—why do they let it be destroyed?' 'Friend, by such a Dhamma preacher as you, it might be possible to obtain it.' 'Venerable sirs, do not speak thus. We are called Dhamma preachers who illuminate the practice. You, thinking of me as a steward of the Saṅgha and a monastery attendant, seem to want to make me so.' 'What now, friend, is this improper? But if preached by one like you, gain would arise for us.' 'In that case, venerable sirs, when the monastery workers come, make it our responsibility; we will speak of a suitable method.'

သော ပါတောဝ ဂန္တွာ, သန္နိပါတသာလာယံ ဌတွာ, အာရာမိကေသု အာဂတေသု ‘‘ဥပါသကာ အသုကခေတ္တေ ဘာဂေါ ကုဟိံ, အသုကခေတ္တေ ကဟာပဏံ ကုဟိ’’န္တိအာဒီနိ ဝတွာ, အညဿ ခေတ္တံ ဂဟေတွာ, အညဿ ဒေတိ. ဧဝံ အနုက္ကမေန တံ တံ ပဋိသေဓေန္တော တဿ တဿ ဒေန္တော တထာ အကာသိ, ယထာ ယာဂုဟတ္ထာ ပူဝဟတ္ထာ ဘတ္တဟတ္ထာ တေလမဓုဖာဏိတဃတာဒိဟတ္ထာ စ အတ္တနောဝ သန္တိကံ အာဂစ္ဆန္တိ. သကလဝိဟာရော ဧကကောလာဟလော ဟောတိ, ပေသလာ ဘိက္ခူ နိဗ္ဗိဇ္ဇ အပက္ကမိံသု.

He, having gone early in the morning and stood in the assembly hall, when the monastery workers had come, would say such things as, 'Lay devotees, where is the share from such-and-such a field? Where is the coin from such-and-such a field?' Taking the field of one, he gives it to another. Thus, in sequence, refusing this one and that one, and giving to this one and that one, he acted in such a way that those with porridge in hand, cakes in hand, meals in hand, and oil, honey, molasses, ghee, and so on in hand, would come to his own presence. The entire monastery became one great uproar; the virtuous monks, becoming disgusted, departed.

သောပိ အာစရိယုပဇ္ဈာယေဟိ ဝိဿဋ္ဌကာနံ ဗဟူနံ ဒုဗ္ဗစပုဂ္ဂလာနံ ဥပဇ္ဈံ ဒေန္တော ဝိဟာရံ ပူရေတိ. အာဂန္တုကာ ဘိက္ခူ ဝိဟာရဒွါရေ ဌတွာဝ ‘‘ဝိဟာရေ ကေ ဝသန္တီ’’တိ, ပုစ္ဆိတွာ, ‘‘ဧဝရူပါ နာမ ဘိက္ခူ’’တိ သုတွာ ဗာဟိရေနေဝ ပက္ကမန္တိ. အယံ ပုဂ္ဂလော သာသနေ တိရိယံ နိပန္နတာယ မဟာဇနဿ ပစ္စယဘာဝံ ဥပဂတော အရိယမဂ္ဂံ ဩတရိတွာ သမာဓိကုလ္လေ နိသိန္နော နိဗ္ဗာနသာဂရံ ပါပုဏိတုံ န သက္ကောတိ.

He too fills the monastery by giving the preceptorship to many intractable persons who had been abandoned by their teachers and preceptors. Visiting monks, standing right at the monastery gate, ask, 'Who lives in the monastery?' Upon hearing, 'Monks of such-and-such a kind,' they depart from the outside. This person, due to lying crosswise in the Dispensation, having become a means of support for many people, is unable, having descended upon the noble path and being seated on the bank of concentration, to reach the ocean of Nibbāna.

ဘဂဝန္တံ ဧတဒဝေါစာတိ ‘‘နိဗ္ဗာနပဗ္ဘာရာ’’တိ ပဒေန ဩသာပိတံ ဓမ္မဒေသနံ ဉတွာ အနုသန္ဓိကုသလတာယ ဧတံ ‘‘ကိံ နု ခေါ, ဘန္တေ’’တိအာဒိဝစနံ အဝေါစ. တထာဂတောပိ ဟိ ဣမိဿံ ပရိသတိ နိသိန္နော ‘‘အနုသန္ဓိကုသလော ဘိက္ခု အတ္ထိ, သော မံ ပဉှံ ပုစ္ဆိဿတီ’’တိ တဿေဝ ဩကာသကရဏတ္ထာယ ဣမသ္မိံ ဌာနေ ဒေသနံ နိဋ္ဌာပေသိ.

'He spoke thus to the Blessed One' means: having known that the Dhamma discourse was concluded with the phrase 'inclining towards Nibbāna,' due to his skill in making connections, he spoke the words beginning with, 'What indeed, venerable sir?' For the Tathāgata too, seated in this assembly, concluded the discourse at this point for the very purpose of giving him the opportunity, thinking, 'There is a monk skilled in making connections; he will ask me a question.'

ဣဒါနိ ဩရိမံ တီရန္တိအာဒိနာ နယေန ဝုတ္တေသု အဇ္ဈတ္တိကာယတနာဒီသု ဧဝံ ဥပဂမနာနုပဂမနာဒီနိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာနိ. ‘‘မယှံ စက္ခု-ပသန္နံ, အဟံ အပ္ပမတ္တကမ္ပိ ရူပါရမ္မဏံ [Pg.84] ပဋိဝိဇ္ဈိတုံ သက္ကောမီ’’တိ ဧတံ နိဿာယ စက္ခုံ အဿာဒေန္တောပိ တိမိရကဝါတာဒီဟိ ဥပဟတပသာဒေါ ‘‘အမနာပံ မယှံ စက္ခု, မဟန္တမ္ပိ ရူပါရမ္မဏံ ဝိဘာဝေတုံ န သက္ကောမီ’’တိ ဒေါမနဿံ အာပဇ္ဇန္တောပိ စက္ခာယတနံ ဥပဂစ္ဆတိ နာမ. အနိစ္စံ ဒုက္ခံ အနတ္တာတိ တိဏ္ဏံ လက္ခဏာနံ ဝသေန ဝိပဿန္တော ပန န ဥပဂစ္ဆတိ နာမ. သောတာဒီသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော.

Now, concerning the internal sense-bases and so forth that have been mentioned, the acts of approaching, not approaching, and so on, should be understood in this way, by the method beginning with 'the near shore.' One who delights in the eye, relying on it and thinking, 'My eye is clear; I am able to discern even a slight form-object,' or one who, with the eye-faculty impaired by such things as cataracts or wind disorders, becomes distressed, thinking, 'My eye is unpleasant; I am not able to make out even a large form-object,' is said to approach the eye-base. However, one who contemplates by means of the three characteristics—impermanence, suffering, and non-self—is said not to approach it. This same method applies to the ear and the other bases.

မနာယတနေ ပန ‘‘မနာပံ ဝတ မေ မနော, ကိဉ္စိ ဝါမတော အဂ္ဂဟေတွာ သဗ္ဗံ ဒက္ခိဏတောဝ ဂဏှာတီ’’တိ ဝါ ‘‘မနေန မေ စိန္တိတစိန္တိတဿ အလာဘော နာမ နတ္ထီ’’တိ ဝါ ဧဝံ အဿာဒေန္တောပိ, ‘‘ဒုစိန္တိတစိန္တိတဿ မေ မနော အပ္ပဒက္ခိဏဂ္ဂါဟီ’’တိ ဧဝံ ဒေါမနဿံ ဥပ္ပာဒေန္တောပိ မနာယတနံ ဥပဂစ္ဆတိ နာမ. ဣဋ္ဌေ ပန ရူပေ ရာဂံ, အနိဋ္ဌေ ပဋိဃံ ဥပ္ပာဒေန္တော ရူပါယတနံ ဥပဂစ္ဆတိ နာမ. သဒ္ဒါယတနာဒီသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော.

Regarding the mind-base, one who delights in it, thinking, 'Indeed, my mind is agreeable; it grasps everything correctly, not incorrectly,' or, 'There is no failure to obtain whatever I think of with my mind'; or one who generates displeasure, thinking, 'My mind, which thinks ill-conceived thoughts, is accustomed to grasping wrongly,' is said to approach the mind-base. Furthermore, one who generates lust for a desirable form and aversion for an undesirable one is said to approach the form-base. This same method applies to the sound-base and the others.

နန္ဒီရာဂဿေတံ အဓိဝစနန္တိ ယထာ ဟိ မဇ္ဈေ သံသီဒိတွာ ထလံ ပတ္တံ ဒါရုက္ခန္ဓံ သဏှထူလဝါလိကာ ပိဒဟတိ, သော ပုန သီသံ ဥက္ခိပိတုံ န သက္ကောတိ, ဧဝံ နန္ဒီရာဂေန အာဗဒ္ဓေါ ပုဂ္ဂလော စတူသု မဟာအပါယေသု ပတိတော မဟာဒုက္ခေန ပိဓီယတိ, သော အနေကေဟိပိ ဝဿသဟဿေဟိ ပုန သီသံ ဥက္ခိပိတုံ န သက္ကောတိ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘နန္ဒီရာဂဿေတံ အဓိဝစန’’န္တိ.

'This is a designation for delight and lust'—just as a log, having sunk in the middle of a river and reached a sandbank, is covered by fine and coarse sand, and cannot lift its head again, so too a person bound by delight and lust, having fallen into the four great woeful states, is covered by great suffering. For even many thousands of years, they cannot lift their head again. Therefore, it is said, 'This is a designation for delight and lust.'

အသ္မိမာနဿေတံ အဓိဝစနန္တိ ယထာ ဟိ ထလေ အာရုဠှော ဒါရုက္ခန္ဓော ဟေဋ္ဌာ ဂင်္ဂေါဒကေန စေဝ ဥပရိ ဝဿေန စ တေမေန္တော အနုက္ကမေန သေဝါလပရိယောနဒ္ဓေါ ‘‘ပါသာဏော နု ခေါ ဧသ ခါဏုကော’’တိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗတံ အာပဇ္ဇတိ, ဧဝမေဝ အသ္မိမာနေန ဥန္နတော ပုဂ္ဂလော ပံသုကူလိကဋ္ဌာနေ ပံသုကူလိကော ဟောတိ, ဓမ္မကထိကဋ္ဌာနေ ဓမ္မကထိကော, ဘဏ္ဍနကာရကဋ္ဌာနေ ဘဏ္ဍနကာရကော, ဝေဇ္ဇဋ္ဌာနေ ဝေဇ္ဇော, ပိသုဏဋ္ဌာနေ ပိသုဏော. သော နာနပ္ပကာရံ အနေသနံ အာပဇ္ဇန္တော တာဟိ တာဟိ အာပတ္တီဟိ ပလိဝေဌိတော ‘‘အတ္ထိ နု ခေါ အဿ အဗ္ဘန္တရေ ကိဉ္စိ သီလံ, ဥဒါဟု နတ္ထီ’’တိ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗတံ အာပဇ္ဇတိ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘အသ္မိမာနဿေတံ အဓိဝစန’’န္တိ.

“This is a designation for the conceit ‘I am.’” Just as a log cast up on the bank, being soaked by the water of the Ganges from below and by rain from above, gradually becomes covered with moss and becomes liable to be spoken of as “Is this a rock, or is it a stump?”; even so, a person puffed up with the conceit ‘I am’ becomes a rag-robe wearer in the place of rag-robe wearers, a Dhamma speaker in the place of Dhamma speakers, a quarrel-maker in the place of quarrel-makers, a physician in the place of physicians, and a slanderer in the place of slanderers. Falling into various kinds of wrong livelihood and being enveloped by those various offenses, they become liable to be spoken of thus: “Is there any virtue within them, or is there not?” Therefore, it is said, “This is a designation for the conceit ‘I am.’”

ပဉ္စန္နေတံ ကာမဂုဏာနံ အဓိဝစနန္တိ ယထာ ဟိ အာဝဋ္ဋေ ပတိတဒါရုခန္ဓော အန္တောယေဝ ပါသာဏာဒီသု အာဟတသမဗ္ဘာဟတော ဘိဇ္ဇိတွာ စုဏ္ဏဝိစုဏ္ဏံ ဟောတိ, ဧဝံ ပဉ္စကာမဂုဏာဝဋ္ဋေ ပတိတပုဂ္ဂလော စတူသု [Pg.85] အပါယေသု ကမ္မကာရဏခုပ္ပိပါသာဒိဒုက္ခေဟိ အာဟတသမဗ္ဘာဟတော ဒီဃရတ္တံ စုဏ္ဏဝိစုဏ္ဏတံ အာပဇ္ဇတိ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘ပဉ္စန္နေတံ ကာမဂုဏာနံ အဓိဝစန’’န္တိ.

“This is a designation for the five strands of sensual pleasure.” Just as a log that has fallen into a whirlpool is struck and battered against rocks and so on within it, breaking apart and being reduced to fragments and powder; even so, a person who has fallen into the whirlpool of the five strands of sensual pleasure is struck and battered for a long time in the four woeful states by sufferings such as punishments, hunger, and thirst, and is reduced to fragments and powder. Therefore, it is said, “This is a designation for the five strands of sensual pleasure.”

ဒုဿီလောတိ နိဿီလော. ပါပဓမ္မောတိ လာမကဓမ္မော. အသုစီတိ န သုစိ. သင်္ကဿရသမာစာရောတိ ‘‘ဣမဿ မညေ ဣမဿ မညေ ဣဒံ ကမ္မ’’န္တိ ဧဝံ ပရေဟိ သင်္ကာယ သရိတဗ္ဗသမာစာရော. သင်္ကာယ ဝါ ပရေသံ သမာစာရံ သရတီတိပိ သင်္ကဿရသမာစာရော. တဿ ဟိ ဒွေ တယော ဇနေ ကထေန္တေ ဒိသွာ, ‘‘မမ ဒေါသံ မညေ ကထေန္တီ’’တိ တေသံ သမာစာရံ သင်္ကဿရတိ ဓာဝတီတိ သင်္ကဿရသမာစာရော.

“Unvirtuous” (dussīla) means devoid of virtue. “Of bad qualities” (pāpadhamma) means of base qualities. “Impure” (asuci) means not pure. “Of suspicious conduct” (saṅkassarasamācāra) means having conduct that must be recalled with suspicion by others, who think: “I suppose this is his deed, I suppose this is his deed.” Or, “of suspicious conduct” means that he recalls the conduct of others with suspicion. For when he sees two or three people talking, he thinks: “They must be talking about my faults,” and his suspicion runs to their conduct—thus, he is of suspicious conduct.

သမဏပဋိညောတိ သလာကဂ္ဂဟဏာဒီသု ‘‘ကိတ္တကာ ဝိဟာရေ သမဏာ’’တိ ဂဏနာယ အာရဒ္ဓါယ ‘‘အဟမ္ပိ သမဏော, အဟမ္ပိ သမဏော’’တိ ပဋိညံ ဒေတိ, သလာကဂ္ဂဟဏာဒီနိ ကရောတိ. ဗြဟ္မစာရိပဋိညောတိ ဥပေါသထပဝါရဏာဒီသု ‘‘အဟမ္ပိ ဗြဟ္မစာရီ’’တိ ပဋိညာယ တာနိ ကမ္မာနိ ပဝိသတိ. အန္တောပူတီတိ ဝက္ကဟဒယာဒီသု အပူတိကဿပိ ဂုဏာနံ ပူတိဘာဝေန, အန္တောပူတိ. အဝဿုတောတိ ရာဂေန တိန္တော. ကသမ္ဗုဇာတောတိ ရာဂါဒီဟိ ကိလေသေဟိ ကစဝရဇာတော.

“One who claims to be an ascetic” (samaṇapaṭiñña) means that when a count is undertaken in activities such as the taking of voting-tickets, with the question: “How many ascetics are in the monastery?”, he makes the claim: “I too am an ascetic, I too am an ascetic,” and engages in activities such as taking the tickets. “One who claims to be a celibate” (brahmacāripaṭiñña) means that during the Uposatha and Pavāraṇā ceremonies, with the claim: “I too am a celibate,” he participates in those formal acts. “Rotten inside” (antopūti) means that even if a person's kidneys, heart, and so on are not physically rotten, they are rotten inside because of the rottenness of their qualities. “Leaky” (avassuta) means soaked with lust. “Become like rubbish” (kasambujāta) means having become like filth and rubbish due to defilements such as lust.

ဧတဒဝေါစာတိ ဂေါဂဏံ ဂင်္ဂါတီရာဘိမုခံ ကတွာ ပရိသပရိယန္တေ ဌိတော အာဒိတော ပဋ္ဌာယ ယာဝ ပရိယောသာနာ သတ္ထု ဓမ္မဒေသနံ သုတွာ, ‘‘သတ္ထာ ဩရိမတီရာဒီနံ အနုပဂစ္ဆန္တာဒိဝသေန သက္ကာ ပဋိပတ္တိံ ပူရေတုန္တိ ဝဒတိ. ယဒိ ဧဝံ ပူရေတုံ သက္ကာ, အဟံ ပဗ္ဗဇိတွာ ပူရေဿာမီ’’တိ စိန္တေတွာ ဧတံ ‘‘အဟံ ခေါ, ဘန္တေ’’တိအာဒိဝစနံ အဝေါစ.

“He spoke thus” (etadavoca) means that, standing at the edge of the assembly after having made the herd of cattle face the bank of the Ganges, and having heard the Teacher's Dhamma discourse from beginning to end, he thought: “The Teacher teaches that it is possible to fulfill the practice by means of not approaching the near shore and so on. If it is possible to fulfill it in this way, I will go forth and fulfill it.” Having thought thus, he spoke those words beginning, “Venerable sir, I...”

ဝစ္ဆဂိဒ္ဓိနိယောတိ ဝစ္ဆေသု သသ္နေဟာ ထနေဟိ ခီရံ ပဂ္ဃရန္တေဟိ ဝစ္ဆကသ္နေဟေန သယမေဝ ဂမိဿန္တီတိ. နိယျာတေဟေဝါတိ နိယျာတေဟိယေဝ. ဂါဝီသု ဟိ အနိယျာတိတာသု ဂေါသာမိကာ အာဂန္တွာ, ‘‘ဧကာ ဂါဝီ န ဒိဿတိ, ဧကော ဂေါဏော, ဧကော ဝစ္ဆကော န ဒိဿတီ’’တိ တုယှံ ပိဋ္ဌိတော ပိဋ္ဌိတော ဝိစရိဿန္တိ, ဣတိ တေ အဖာသုကံ ဘဝိဿတိ. ပဗ္ဗဇ္ဇာ စ နာမေသာ သဣဏဿ န ရုဟတိ, အဏဏာ ပဗ္ဗဇ္ဇာ စ ဗုဒ္ဓါဒီဟိ သံဝဏ္ဏိတာတိ ဒဿနတ္ထံ ဧဝမာဟ. နိယျာတာတိ နိယျာတိတာ. ဣမသ္မိံ သုတ္တေ ဝဋ္ဋဝိဝဋ္ဋံ ကထိတံ.

“Cows longing for their calves” (vacchagiddhiniyo) means that, with affection for their calves and with milk dripping from their udders, they will go by themselves out of love for their calves. “You must hand them over” (niyyāteheva) means you must indeed hand them over. For if the cows are not handed over, their owners will come and follow right behind you, saying: “One cow is missing, one bull is missing, one calf is missing.” Thus, it will be uncomfortable for you. Furthermore, this going forth does not prosper for one who is in debt; only the going forth of one free from debt is praised by the Buddhas and others—he spoke thus to show this meaning. “They have been handed over” (niyyātā) means they have been returned. In this discourse, the round of existence and the rolling back of the round are taught.

၅. ဒုတိယဒါရုက္ခန္ဓောပမသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

5. Commentary on the Second Discourse on the Simile of the Log

၂၄၂. ပဉ္စမေ [Pg.86] ကိမိလာယန္တိ ကိမိလာနာမကေ နဂရေ. သံကိလိဋ္ဌန္တိ ပဋိစ္ဆန္နကာလတော ပဋ္ဌာယ အသံကိလိဋ္ဌာ နာမ အာပတ္တိ နတ္ထိ, ဧဝရူပံ သံကိလိဋ္ဌံ အာပတ္တိံ. န ဝုဋ္ဌာနံ ပညာယတီတိ ပရိဝါသမာနတ္တအဗ္ဘာနေဟိ ဝုဋ္ဌာနံ န ဒိဿတိ.

5. In the fifth discourse, kimilāyaṃ means in the city named Kimilā. Saṃkiliṭṭhaṃ (defiled) means that from the time of concealment onward, there is no offense called “undefiled”; such a defiled offense is meant. Na vuṭṭhānaṃ paññāyati (no emergence is apparent) means emergence by means of probation, penance, or rehabilitation is not seen.

၆. အဝဿုတပရိယာယသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

6. Commentary on the Avassutapariyāya Sutta

၂၄၃. ဆဋ္ဌေ နဝံ သန္ထာဂါရန္တိ အဓုနာ ကာရိတံ သန္ထာဂါရံ, ဧကာ မဟာသာလာတိ အတ္ထော. ဥယျောဂကာလာဒီသု ဟိ ရာဇာနော တတ္ထ ဌတွာ, ‘‘ဧတ္တကာ ပုရတော ဂစ္ဆန္တု, ဧတ္တကာ ပစ္ဆာ, ဧတ္တကာ ဥဘောဟိ ပဿေဟိ, ဧတ္တကာ ဟတ္ထီ အဘိရုဟန္တု, ဧတ္တကာ အဿေ, ဧတ္တကာ ရထေသု တိဋ္ဌန္တူ’’တိ ဧဝံ သန္ထံ ကရောန္တိ, မရိယာဒံ ဗန္ဓန္တိ, တသ္မာ တံ ဌာနံ သန္ထာဂါရန္တိ ဝုစ္စတိ. ဥယျောဂဋ္ဌာနတော စ အာဂန္တွာ ယာဝ ဂေဟေသု အလ္လဂေါမယပရိဘဏ္ဍာဒီနိ ကာရေန္တိ, တာဝ ဒွေ တီဏိ ဒိဝသာနိ တေ ရာဇာနော တတ္ထ သန္ထရန္တီတိပိ သန္ထာဂါရံ. တေသံ ရာဇူနံ သဟ အတ္ထာနုသာသနံ အဂါရန္တိပိ သန္ထာဂါရံ. ဂဏရာဇာနော ဟိ တေ, တသ္မာ ဥပ္ပန္နံ ကိစ္စံ ဧကဿ ဝသေန န ဆိဇ္ဇတိ, သဗ္ဗေသံ ဆန္ဒောပိ လဒ္ဓုံ ဝဋ္ဋတိ, တသ္မာ သဗ္ဗေ တတ္ထ သန္နိပတိတွာ အနုသာသန္တိ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘သဟ အတ္ထာနုသာသနံ အဂါရန္တိပိ သန္ထာဂါရ’’န္တိ. ယသ္မာ ပန တေ တတ္ထ သန္နိပတိတွာ, ‘‘ဣမသ္မိံ ကာလေ ကသိတုံ ဝဋ္ဋတိ, ဣမသ္မိံ ကာလေ ဝပိတု’’န္တိ ဧဝမာဒိနာ နယေန ဃရာဝါသကိစ္စာနိ သမ္မန္တယန္တိ, တသ္မာ ဆိဒ္ဒါဝဆိဒ္ဒံ ဃရာဝါသံ တတ္ထ သန္ထရန္တီတိပိ, သန္ထာဂါရံ. အစိရကာရိတံ ဟောတီတိ ဣဋ္ဌကကမ္မသုဓာကမ္မစိတ္တကမ္မာဒိဝသေန သုသဇ္ဇိတံ ဒေဝဝိမာနံ ဝိယ အဓုနာ နိဋ္ဌာပိတံ. သမဏေန ဝါတိ ဧတ္ထ ယသ္မာ ဃရဝတ္ထုပရိဂ္ဂဟဏကာလေယေဝ ဒေဝတာ အတ္တနော ဝသနဋ္ဌာနံ ဂဏှန္တိ, တသ္မာ ‘‘ဒေဝေန ဝါ’’တိ အဝတွာ, ‘‘သမဏေန ဝါ ဗြာဟ္မဏေန ဝါ ကေနစိ ဝါ မနုဿဘူတေနာ’’တိ ဝုတ္တံ.

242. In the sixth discourse, navaṃ santhāgāraṃ (a new assembly hall) means a recently constructed assembly hall; the meaning is a great hall. For during times of military campaigns and so on, kings stand there and make arrangements, saying: “Let so many go forward, so many behind, so many on both flanks; let so many mount elephants, so many horses, so many stand on chariots.” In this way they make agreements and establish boundaries; therefore, that place is called an assembly hall (santhāgāra). Also, after returning from the battlefield, for two or three days, until they have the houses prepared with fresh cow dung plaster and so on, those kings rest there and recover from their fatigue; for this reason also it is an assembly hall. It is also an assembly hall because it is a house for the joint administration of affairs for those kings. For they are oligarchic kings (gaṇarājāno); therefore, a matter that has arisen is not decided by one alone, but it is proper to obtain the consent of all. Therefore, all gather there and deliberate. For that reason it is said: “it is also an assembly hall because it is a house for the joint administration of affairs.” Furthermore, because they gather there and consult on household matters in this way, “At this time it is suitable to plow, at this time to sow,” and so on, they thereby mend the flawed household life; for this reason also it is an assembly hall. Acirakāritaṃ (recently constructed) means it was well-adorned by means of brickwork, plasterwork, painting, and so on, like a divine mansion, and has now been completed. Regarding samaṇena vā (by an ascetic or…): here, because deities take possession of their dwelling places at the very time of taking possession of the house-site, instead of saying “by a deity,” it is said: “by an ascetic, or a brahmin, or any human being.”

ယေန [Pg.87] ဘဂဝါ တေနုပသင်္ကမိံသူတိ သန္ထာဂါရံ နိဋ္ဌိတန္တိ သုတွာ ‘‘ဂစ္ဆာမ နံ ပဿိဿာမာ’’တိ ဂန္တွာ ဒွါရကောဋ္ဌကတော ပဋ္ဌာယ သဗ္ဗံ ဩလောကေတွာ ‘‘ဣဒံ သန္ထာဂါရံ အတိဝိယ မနောရမံ သဿိရိကံ. ကေန ပဌမံ ပရိဘုတ္တံ အမှာကံ ဒီဃရတ္တံ ဟိတာယ သုခါယ အဿာ’’တိ စိန္တေတွာ – ‘‘အမှာကံ ဉာတိသေဋ္ဌဿ ပဌမံ ဒိယျမာနေပိ သတ္ထုနောဝ အနုစ္ဆဝိကံ, ဒက္ခိဏေယျဝသေန ဒိယျမာနေပိ သတ္ထုနောဝ အနုစ္ဆဝိကံ, တသ္မာ သတ္ထာရံ ပဌမံ ပရိဘုဉ္ဇာပေဿာမ, ဘိက္ခုသံဃဿ စ အာဂမနံ ကရိဿာမ, ဘိက္ခုသံဃေ အာဂတေ တေပိဋကံ ဗုဒ္ဓဝစနံ အာဂတမေဝ ဘဝိဿတိ, သတ္ထာရံ တိယာမရတ္တိံ အမှာကံ ဓမ္မကထံ ကထာပေဿာမ, ဣတိ တီဟိ ရတနေဟိ ပရိဘုတ္တံ ပစ္ဆာ မယံ ပရိဘုဉ္ဇိဿာမ, ဧဝံ နော ဒီဃရတ္တံ ဟိတာယ သုခါယ ဘဝိဿတီ’’တိ သန္နိဋ္ဌာနံ ကတွာ ဥပသင်္ကမိံသု.

The phrase ‘yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu’ (they approached where the Blessed One was) means that having heard that the assembly hall was completed, they thought, ‘Let us go and see it.’ Having gone and observed everything, starting from the gatehouse, they thought: ‘This assembly hall is exceedingly delightful and splendid. If used first by someone, for whose long-term welfare and happiness would it be?’ Then they considered: ‘Even if it were given first to the chief of our kinsmen, it is only fitting for the Teacher. Even if it were given on the basis of worthiness for offerings, it is only fitting for the Teacher. Therefore, we will have the Teacher use it first, and we will arrange for the arrival of the Saṅgha of bhikkhus. When the Saṅgha of bhikkhus arrives, the Tipiṭaka, the word of the Buddha, will have arrived as well. We will have the Teacher preach the Dhamma to us throughout the three watches of the night. Thus, after it has been used by the Three Jewels, we will use it. In this way, it will be for our long-term welfare and happiness.’ Having made this resolution, they approached.

ယေန နဝံ သန္ထာဂါရံ တေနုပသင်္ကမိံသူတိ တံဒိဝသံ ကိရ သန္ထာဂါရံ ကိဉ္စာပိ ရာဇကုလာနံ ဒဿနတ္ထာယ ဒေဝဝိမာနံ ဝိယ သုသဇ္ဇိတံ ဟောတိ သုပဋိဇဂ္ဂိတံ, ဗုဒ္ဓါရဟံ ပန ကတွာ အပညတ္တံ. ဗုဒ္ဓါ ဟိ နာမ အရညဇ္ဈာသယာ အရညာရာမာ အန္တောဂါမေ ဝသေယျုံ ဝါ နော ဝါ, တသ္မာ ‘‘ဘဂဝတော မနံ ဇာနိတွာဝ, ပညာပေဿာမာ’’တိ စိန္တေတွာ, တေ ဘဂဝန္တံ ဥပသင်္ကမိံသု, ဣဒါနိ ပန မနံ လဘိတွာ ပညာပေတုကာမာ ယေန သန္ထာဂါရံ တေနုပသင်္ကမိံသု.

The phrase ‘yena navaṃ santhāgāraṃ tenupasaṅkamiṃsu’ (they approached the new assembly hall) means: it is said that on that day, although the assembly hall was beautifully adorned and well-prepared like a divine mansion for the royal families to see, and though it had been made suitable for the Buddha, the furnishings had not yet been laid out. For Buddhas, indeed, have an inclination for the forest and delight in the forest; it was not known whether they would dwell inside a village or not. Therefore, thinking, ‘Only after knowing the Blessed One’s mind shall we lay out the furnishings,’ they had approached the Blessed One. Now, having received his consent and wishing to lay out the furnishings, they approached the assembly hall.

သဗ္ဗသန္ထရိံ သန္ထာဂါရံ သန္ထရိတွာတိ ယထာ သဗ္ဗမေဝ သန္ထတံ ဟောတိ, ဧဝံ တံ သန္ထရာပေတွာ. သဗ္ဗပဌမံ တာဝ ‘‘ဂေါမယံ နာမ သဗ္ဗမင်္ဂလေသု ဝဋ္ဋတီ’’တိ သုဓာပရိကမ္မကတမ္ပိ ဘူမိံ အလ္လဂေါမယေန ဩပုဉ္ဇာပေတွာ, ပရိသုက္ခဘာဝံ ဉတွာ, ယထာ အက္ကန္တဋ္ဌာနေ ပဒံ ပညာယတိ, ဧဝံ စတုဇ္ဇာတိယဂန္ဓေဟိ လိမ္ပာပေတွာ ဥပရိ နာနာဝဏ္ဏကဋသာရကေ သန္ထရိတွာ တေသံ ဥပရိ မဟာပိဋ္ဌိကကောဇဝေ အာဒိံ ကတွာ ဟတ္ထတ္ထရအဿတ္ထရသီဟတ္ထရဗျဂ္ဃတ္ထရစန္ဒတ္ထရကသူရိယတ္ထရကစိတ္တတ္ထရကာဒီဟိ နာနာဝဏ္ဏေဟိ အတ္ထရကေဟိ သန္ထရိတဗ္ဗယုတ္တကံ သဗ္ဗောကာသံ သန္ထရာပေသုံ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘သဗ္ဗသန္ထရိံ သန္ထာဂါရံ သန္ထရိတွာ’’တိ.

The phrase ‘sabbasanthariṃ santhāgāraṃ santharitvā’ (having spread coverings throughout the assembly hall) means having had it spread in such a way that the entire assembly hall was covered. First, thinking, ‘Cow dung is suitable in all auspicious ceremonies,’ they had the floor, even though it was already finished with plaster, smeared with fresh cow dung. Having ascertained that it was thoroughly dry, they had it anointed with four kinds of perfumes in such a way that footprints would not be visible where it was trodden. Over that, they spread mats of various colors. Over those mats, beginning with large carpets big enough for sixteen dancers to dance upon, they had the entire suitable space covered with various colored spreads, such as elephant-saddle cloths, horse-saddle cloths, lion-skin spreads, tiger-skin spreads, spreads with moon-shapes, spreads with sun-shapes, and figured spreads. For that reason, it is said: ‘sabbasanthariṃ santhāgāraṃ santharitvā’.

အာသနာနိ ပညာပေတွာတိ မဇ္ဈဋ္ဌာနေ တာဝ မင်္ဂလထမ္ဘံ နိဿာယ မဟာရဟံ ဗုဒ္ဓါသနံ ပညာပေတွာ, တတ္ထ တတ္ထ ယံ ယံ မုဒုကဉ္စ မနောရမဉ္စ ပစ္စတ္ထရဏံ[Pg.88], တံ တံ ပစ္စတ္ထရိတွာ ဥဘတောလောဟိတကံ မနုညဒဿနံ ဥပဓာနံ ဥပဒဟိတွာ ဥပရိ သုဝဏ္ဏရဇတတာရကဝိစိတ္တဝိတာနံ ဗန္ဓိတွာ ဂန္ဓဒါမပုပ္ဖဒါမပတ္တဒါမာဒီဟိ အလင်္ကရိတွာ သမန္တာ ဒွါဒသဟတ္ထေ ဌာနေ ပုပ္ဖဇာလံ ကာရေတွာ, တိံသဟတ္ထမတ္တံ ဌာနံ ပဋသာဏိယာ ပရိက္ခိပါပေတွာ ပစ္ဆိမဘိတ္တိံ နိဿာယ ဘိက္ခုသံဃဿ ပလ္လင်္ကပီဌအပဿယပီဌမုဏ္ဍပီဌာနိ ပညာပေတွာ ဥပရိ သေတပစ္စတ္ထရဏေဟိ ပစ္စတ္ထရာပေတွာ ပါစီနဘိတ္တိံ နိဿာယ အတ္တနော အတ္တနော မဟာပိဋ္ဌိကကောဇဝေ ပညာပေတွာ မနောရမာနိ ဟံသလောမာဒိပူရိတာနိ ဥပဓာနာနိ ဌပါပေသုံ ‘‘ဧဝံ အကိလမမာနာ သဗ္ဗရတ္တိံ ဓမ္မံ သုဏိဿာမာ’’တိ. ဣဒံ သန္ဓာယ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘အာသနာနိ ပညာပေတွာ’’တိ.

‘Āsanāni paññāpetvāti’ (Having prepared the seats): First, in the central place, near the auspicious pillar, they prepared the Buddha's seat, worthy of great ones. There, they spread whatever soft and pleasing covering was available. They placed a large supporting cushion of pleasing appearance, red on both sides, and above, they tied a canopy made wonderful with gold and silver stars. They decorated it with garlands of perfume, garlands of flowers, garlands of foliage, and so on, and had a flower-net made in a place of twelve cubits all around. Having had a space of about thirty cubits enclosed with a cloth curtain, they had couches, chairs with backs, and stools prepared for the Saṅgha of bhikkhus near the western wall, and had them covered with white cloths. Near the eastern wall, for themselves, they had large carpets spread and had pleasing, stuffed, large cushions placed, thinking, ‘Thus, without becoming weary, we shall listen to the Dhamma all night long.’ With reference to this, it was said, ‘āsanāni paññāpetvā’.

ဥဒကမဏိကံ ပတိဋ္ဌာပေတွာတိ မဟာကုစ္ဆိကံ ဥဒကစာဋိံ ပတိဋ္ဌာပေတွာ ‘‘ဧဝံ ဘဂဝါ စ ဘိက္ခုသံဃော စ ယထာရုစိယာ ဟတ္ထေ ဝါ ဓောဝိဿန္တိ ပါဒေ ဝါ, မုခံ ဝါ ဝိက္ခာလေဿန္တီ’’တိ တေသု တေသု ဌာနေသု မဏိဝဏ္ဏဿ ဥဒကဿ ပူရာပေတွာ ဝါသတ္ထာယ နာနာပုပ္ဖာနိ စေဝ ဥဒကဝါသစုဏ္ဏာနိ စ ပက္ခိပိတွာ ကဒလိပဏ္ဏေဟိ ပိဒဟိတွာ ပတိဋ္ဌာပေသုံ. ဣဒံ သန္ဓာယ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘ဥဒကမဏိကံ ပတိဋ္ဌာပေတွာ’’တိ.

‘Udakamaṇikaṃ patiṭṭhāpetvāti’ (Having set up the water vessel): They had large-bellied water pots set up, thinking, ‘Thus the Blessed One and the Saṅgha of bhikkhus will wash their hands or feet, or rinse their mouths, according to their wish.’ In those various places, having filled them with water the color of gems, and for the purpose of perfuming, having put in various flowers and perfumed powders for water, they covered them with banana leaves and had them set up. With reference to this, it was said, ‘udakamaṇikaṃ patiṭṭhāpetvā’.

တေလပ္ပဒီပံ အာရောပေတွာတိ ရဇတသုဝဏ္ဏာဒိမယဒဏ္ဍဒီပိကာသု ယောနကရူပကိရာတရူပကာဒီနံ ဟတ္ထေ ဌပိတသုဝဏ္ဏရဇတာဒိမယကပလ္လိကာသု စ တေလပ္ပဒီပံ ဇာလာပေတွာတိ အတ္ထော. ယေန ဘဂဝါ တေနုပသင်္ကမိံသူတိ ဧတ္ထ ပန တေ သကျရာဇာနော န ကေဝလံ သန္ထာဂါရမေဝ, အထ ခေါ ယောဇနာဝဋ္ဋေ ကပိလဝတ္ထုသ္မိံ နဂရဝီထိယောပိ သမ္မဇ္ဇာပေတွာ ဓဇေ ဥဿာပေတွာ ဂေဟဒွါရေသု ပုဏ္ဏဃဋေ စ ကဒလိယော စ ဌပါပေတေဝါ သကလနဂရံ ဒီပမာလာဒီဟိ ဝိပ္ပကိဏ္ဏတာရကံ ဝိယ ကတွာ ‘‘ခီရူပဂေ ဒါရကေ ခီရံ ပါယေထ, ဒဟရေ ကုမာရေ လဟုံ လဟုံ ဘောဇေတွာ သယာပေထ, ဥစ္စာသဒ္ဒံ မာ ကရိတ္ထ, အဇ္ဇ ဧကရတ္တိံ သတ္ထာ အန္တောဂါမေ ဝသိဿတိ, ဗုဒ္ဓါ နာမ အပ္ပသဒ္ဒကာမာ ဟောန္တီ’’တိ ဘေရိံ စရာပေတွာ သယံ ဒဏ္ဍဒီပိကာ အာဒါယ ယေန ဘဂဝါ တေနုပသင်္ကမိံသု.

‘Telappadīpaṃ āropetvāti’ (Having lit the oil lamp): This means having had oil lamps lit on lamp-stands made of silver, gold, and so on, and in small bowls made of gold, silver, and so on, placed in the hands of figures of Yavanas, Kirātas, and others. As for ‘Yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu’ (They approached where the Blessed One was): Here, those Sakyan kings did not only decorate the assembly hall, but indeed, in Kapilavatthu, which was a yojana in circumference, they also had the city streets swept, had flags raised, and had full water pots and banana trees placed at the doors of houses. Having made the entire city like a sky scattered with stars with rows of lamps, they had a drum beaten, announcing: ‘Let the nursing infants be given milk to drink. Having fed the young children quickly, put them to sleep. Do not make a loud noise. Today, for one night, the Teacher will dwell inside the village. Buddhas, indeed, are fond of little sound.’ Then, taking lamp-stands themselves, they approached where the Blessed One was.

အထ [Pg.89] ခေါ ဘဂဝါ နိဝါသေတွာ ပတ္တစီဝရမာဒါယ သဒ္ဓိံ ဘိက္ခုသံဃေန ယေန နဝံ သန္ထာဂါရံ တေနုပသင်္ကမီတိ ‘‘ယဿ ဒါနိ, ဘန္တေ, ဘဂဝါ ကာလံ မညတီ’’တိ ဧဝံ ကိရ ကာလေ အာရောစိတေ ဘဂဝါ လာခါရသတိန္တရတ္တကောဝိဠာရပုပ္ဖဝဏ္ဏံ ရတ္တဒုပဋ္ဋံ ကတ္တရိယာ ပဒုမံ ကန္တေန္တော ဝိယ, သံဝိဓာယ တိမဏ္ဍလံ ပဋိစ္ဆာဒေန္တော နိဝါသေတွာ သုဝဏ္ဏပါမင်္ဂေန ပဒုမကလာပံ ပရိက္ခိပန္တော ဝိယ, ဝိဇ္ဇုလတာသဿိရိကံ ကာယဗန္ဓနံ ဗန္ဓိတွာ ရတ္တကမ္ဗလေန ဂဇကုမ္ဘံ ပရိယောနန္ဓန္တော ဝိယ, ရတနသတုဗ္ဗေဓေ သုဝဏ္ဏဂ္ဃိကေ ပဝါဠဇာလံ ခိပမာနော ဝိယ သုဝဏ္ဏစေတိယေ ရတ္တကမ္ဗလကဉ္စုကံ ပဋိမုဉ္စန္တော ဝိယ, ဂစ္ဆန္တံ ပုဏ္ဏစန္ဒံ ရတ္တဝဏ္ဏဝလာဟကေန ပဋိစ္ဆာဒယမာနော ဝိယ, ကဉ္စနပဗ္ဗတမတ္ထကေ သုပက္ကလာခါရသံ ပရိသိဉ္စန္တော ဝိယ, စိတ္တကူဋပဗ္ဗတမတ္ထကံ ဝိဇ္ဇုလတာယ ပရိက္ခိပန္တော ဝိယ စ သစက္ကဝါဠသိနေရုယုဂန္ဓရံ မဟာပထဝိံ သဉ္စာလေတွာ ဂဟိတံ နိဂြောဓပလ္လဝသမာနဝဏ္ဏံ ရတ္တဝရပံသုကူလံ ပါရုပိတွာ, ဂန္ဓကုဋိဒွါရတော နိက္ခမိ ကဉ္စနဂုဟတော သီဟော ဝိယ ဥဒယပဗ္ဗတကူဋတော ပုဏ္ဏစန္ဒော ဝိယ စ. နိက္ခမိတွာ ပန ဂန္ဓကုဋိပမုခေ အဋ္ဌာသိ.

Then the Blessed One, having dressed and taken his bowl and robe, together with the Saṅgha of bhikkhus, approached the new assembly hall. When the time was announced, 'Now, venerable sir, the Blessed One knows the time,' the Blessed One dressed, covering the three circles of his body. He wore a very red double-layered under-robe, the color of the koviḷāra flower, red as if soaked in lac-juice, arranging it well like one cutting a lotus with scissors. He tied his waistband, which was resplendent like a flash of lightning, like one encircling a cluster of lotuses with a golden tool. He donned the excellent red rag-robe, the color of a banyan sprout, taken after having caused the great earth, along with the Cakkavāḷa, Sineru, and Yugandhara mountains, to tremble—like covering an elephant's frontal globes with a red blanket; like casting a coral net over a golden stupa one hundred ratanas high; like putting a red woolen mantle on a golden cetiya; like a red-colored cloud covering the moving full moon; like pouring well-matured lac-juice on the summit of a golden mountain; and like encircling the summit of Mount Cittakūṭa with a flash of lightning. He emerged from the door of the perfumed chamber like a lion from a golden cave, and like the full moon and the morning sun rising from the peak of the Udaya mountain. Having emerged, He stood at the front of the perfumed chamber.

အထဿ ကာယတော မေဃမုခေဟိ ဝိဇ္ဇုကလာပါ ဝိယ ရသ္မိယော နိက္ခမိတွာ သုဝဏ္ဏရသဓာရာပရိသေကပိဉ္ဇရပတ္တပုပ္ဖဖလဝိဋပေ ဝိယ အာရာမရုက္ခေ ကရိံသု. တာဝဒေဝ စ အတ္တနော အတ္တနော ပတ္တစီဝရမာဒါယ မဟာဘိက္ခုသံဃော ဘဂဝန္တံ ပရိဝါရေသိ. တေ ပန ပရိဝါရေတွာ ဌိတာ ဘိက္ခူ ဧဝရူပါ အဟေသုံ – အပ္ပိစ္ဆာ သန္တုဋ္ဌာ ပဝိဝိတ္တာ အသံသဋ္ဌာ အာရဒ္ဓဝီရိယာ ဝတ္တာရော ဝစနက္ခမာ စောဒကာ ပါပဂရဟိနော သီလသမ္ပန္နာ သမာဓိသမ္ပန္နာ ပညာဝိမုတ္တိဝိမုတ္တိဉာဏဒဿနသမ္ပန္နာ. တေဟိ ပရိဝါရိတော ဘဂဝါ ရတ္တကမ္ဗလပရိက္ခိတ္တော ဝိယ သုဝဏ္ဏက္ခန္ဓော, ရတ္တပဒုမသဏ္ဍမဇ္ဈဂတာ ဝိယ သုဝဏ္ဏနာဝါ, ပဝါဠဝေဒိကာပရိက္ခိတ္တော ဝိယ သုဝဏ္ဏပါသာဒေါ ဝိရောစိတ္ထ. သာရိပုတ္တမောဂ္ဂလ္လာနာဒယော မဟာထေရာပိ နံ မေဃဝဏ္ဏံ ပံသုကူလံ ပါရုပိတွာ မဏိဝမ္မဝမ္မိကာ ဝိယ မဟာနာဂါ ပရိဝါရယိံသု ဝန္တရာဂါ ဘိန္နကိလေသာ ဝိဇဋိတဇဋာ ဆိန္နဗန္ဓနာ ကုလေ ဝါ ဂဏေ ဝါ အလဂ္ဂါ.

Then, from His body, rays emerged like flashes of lightning from the mouths of dark clouds. Like streams of liquid gold, they made the monastery trees all around appear as if their leaves, flowers, fruits, and boughs were tawny from being sprinkled. At that very moment, the great Saṅgha of bhikkhus, each taking his own bowl and robe, surrounded the Blessed One. Those bhikkhus who stood surrounding him were of such a nature: of few wishes, content, secluded, un-gregarious, of aroused energy, able to speak, patient when spoken to, admonishers, reprovers of evil, accomplished in virtue, accomplished in concentration, and accomplished in wisdom, liberation, and the knowledge and vision of liberation. Surrounded by those bhikkhus, the Blessed One shone like a mass of gold wrapped in a red blanket, like a golden boat in the midst of a thicket of red lotuses, and like a golden palace surrounded by a coral railing. The great elders, such as Sāriputta and Moggallāna, having donned rag-robes the color of a dark cloud, surrounded him like great elephants adorned with jeweled breastplates. They had vomited out passion, their defilements were destroyed, their tangle of craving was disentangled, their bonds were cut, and they were unattached to family or to a group.

ဣတိ ဘဂဝါ သယံ ဝီတရာဂေါ ဝီတရာဂေဟိ, ဝီတဒေါသော ဝီတဒေါသေဟိ, ဝီတမောဟော ဝီတမောဟေဟိ, နိတ္တဏှော နိတ္တဏှေဟိ, နိက္ကိလေသော နိက္ကိလေသေဟိ, သယံ ဗုဒ္ဓေါ ဗဟုဿုတဗုဒ္ဓေဟိ ပရိဝါရိတော ပတ္တပရိဝါရိတံ ဝိယ [Pg.90] ကေသရံ, ကေသရပရိဝါရိတာ ဝိယ ကဏ္ဏိကာ, အဋ္ဌနာဂသဟဿပရိဝါရိတော ဝိယ ဆဒ္ဒန္တော နာဂရာဇာ, နဝုတိဟံသသဟဿပရိဝါရိတော ဝိယ ဓတရဋ္ဌော ဟံသရာဇာ, သေနင်္ဂပရိဝါရိတော ဝိယ စက္ကဝတ္တိရာဇာ, မရုဂဏပရိဝါရိတော ဝိယ သက္ကော ဒေဝရာဇာ, ဗြဟ္မဂဏပရိဝါရိတော ဝိယ ဟာရိတမဟာဗြဟ္မာ, တာရာဂဏပရိဝါရိတော ဝိယ ပုဏ္ဏစန္ဒော အသမေန ဗုဒ္ဓဝေသေန အပရိမာဏေန ဗုဒ္ဓဝိလာသေန ကပိလဝတ္ထုဂါမိမဂ္ဂံ ပဋိပဇ္ဇိ.

Thus the Blessed One, himself free from passion, accompanied by those free from passion; himself free from aversion, accompanied by those free from aversion; himself free from delusion, accompanied by those free from delusion; himself free from craving, accompanied by those free from craving; himself free from defilements, accompanied by those free from defilements; himself awakened, surrounded by the lesser Buddhas endowed with the learning of the scriptures and the learning of penetration—like a stamen surrounded by petals, like a pericarp surrounded by filaments, like the elephant king Chaddanta surrounded by eight thousand elephants, like the goose king Dhataraṭṭha surrounded by ninety thousand geese, like a universal monarch surrounded by his army, like Sakka, the king of gods, surrounded by the hosts of gods, like the great Brahmā Hārita surrounded by the hosts of Brahmās, like the full moon surrounded by the hosts of stars—with an incomparable Buddha-guise and immeasurable Buddha-grace, set out on the road to the city of Kapilavatthu.

အထဿ ပုရတ္ထိမကာယတော သုဝဏ္ဏဝဏ္ဏာ ရသ္မိ ဥဋ္ဌဟိတွာ အသီတိဟတ္ထဋ္ဌာနံ အဂ္ဂဟေသိ ပစ္ဆိမ-ကာယတော, ဒက္ခိဏဟတ္ထတော, ဝါမဟတ္ထတော သုဝဏ္ဏဝဏ္ဏာ ရသ္မိ ဥဋ္ဌဟိတွာ အသီတိဟတ္ထဋ္ဌာနံ အဂ္ဂဟေသိ. ဥပရိ ကေသန္တတော ပဋ္ဌာယ သဗ္ဗကေသာဝဋ္ဋေဟိ မောရဂီဝဝဏ္ဏာ ရသ္မိ ဥဋ္ဌဟိတွာ ဂဂနတလေ အသီတိဟတ္ထဋ္ဌာနံ အဂ္ဂဟေသိ. ဟေဋ္ဌာ ပါဒတလေဟိ ပဝါဠဝဏ္ဏာ ရသ္မိ ဥဋ္ဌဟိတွာ ဃနပထဝိံ အသီတိဟတ္ထဋ္ဌာနံ အဂ္ဂဟေသိ. ဧဝံ သမန္တာ အသီတိဟတ္ထဋ္ဌာနံ ဆဗ္ဗဏ္ဏာ ဗုဒ္ဓရသ္မိယော ဝိဇ္ဇောတမာနာ ဝိပ္ဖန္ဒမာနာ ကဉ္စနဒဏ္ဍဒီပိကာဟိ နိစ္ဆရိတွာ အာကာသံ ပက္ခန္ဒဇာလာ ဝိယ စာတုဒ္ဒီပိကမဟာမေဃတော နိက္ခန္တဝိဇ္ဇုလတာ ဝိယ ဝိဓာဝိံသု. သဗ္ဗဒိသာဘာဂါ သုဝဏ္ဏစမ္ပကပုပ္ဖေဟိ ဝိကိရိယမာနာ ဝိယ, သုဝဏ္ဏဃဋတော နိက္ခန္တသုဝဏ္ဏရသဓာရာဟိ သိဉ္စမာနာ ဝိယ, ပသာရိတသုဝဏ္ဏပဋပရိက္ခိတ္တာ ဝိယ, ဝေရမ္ဘဝါတသမုဋ္ဌိတကိံသုကကဏိကာရပုပ္ဖစုဏ္ဏသမောကိဏ္ဏာ ဝိယ ဝိပ္ပဘာသိံသု.

Then, from the front of his body, golden-colored rays arose and took up a space of eighty cubits. From the back of his body, from his right hand, and from his left hand, golden-colored rays arose and took up a space of eighty cubits. Above, starting from the tips of his hair, from all the hair-whorls, peacock-neck-colored rays arose and took up a space of eighty cubits in the expanse of the sky. Below, from the soles of his feet, coral-colored rays arose, and splitting the solid earth, took up a space of eighty cubits. Thus, all around, for a space of eighty cubits, the six-colored Buddha-rays, shining and shimmering, ran about like a net of leaping flames issuing from golden torches on stands, and like streaks of lightning issuing from a great cloud over the four continents. All regions of the directions shone forth, as if scattered with golden campaka flowers, as if sprinkled with streams of golden liquid issuing from a golden pot, as if screened off by outstretched golden cloths, and as if strewn all over with the powder of kiṃsuka and kaṇikāra flowers raised up by the Veramba wind.

ဘဂဝတောပိ အသီတိအနုဗျဉ္ဇနဗျာမပ္ပဘာဒွတ္တိံသဝရလက္ခဏသမုဇ္ဇလသရီရံ သမုဂ္ဂတတာရကံ ဝိယ ဂဂနတလံ, ဝိကသိတမိဝ ပဒုမဝနံ, သဗ္ဗပါလိဖုလ္လော ဝိယ ယောဇနသတိကော ပါရိစ္ဆတ္တကော, ပဋိပါဋိယာ ဌပိတာနံ ဒွတ္တိံသစန္ဒာနံ ဒွတ္တိံသသူရိယာနံ ဒွတ္တိံသစက္ကဝတ္တီနံ ဒွတ္တိံသဒေဝရာဇာနံ ဒွတ္တိံသမဟာဗြဟ္မာနံ သိရိယာ သိရိံ အဘိဘဝမာနံ ဝိယ ဝိရောစိတ္ထ, ယထာ တံ ဒသဟိ ပါရမီဟိ ဒသဟိ ဥပပါရမီဟိ ဒသဟိ ပရမတ္ထပါရမီဟိ သမ္မဒေဝ ပူရိတာဟိ သမတိံသပါရမိတာဟိ အလင်္ကတံ. ကပ္ပသတသဟဿာဓိကာနိ စတ္တာရိ အသင်္ချေယျာနိ ဒိန္နဒါနံ ရက္ခိတသီလံ ကတကလျာဏကမ္မံ ဧကသ္မိံ အတ္တဘာဝေ ဩတရိတွာ ဝိပါကံ ဒါတုံ ဌာနံ အလဘမာနံ သမ္ဗာဓပတ္တံ ဝိယ အဟောသိ. နာဝါသဟဿဘဏ္ဍံ ဧကနာဝံ အာရောပနကာလော ဝိယ, သကဋသဟဿဘဏ္ဍံ ဧကသကဋံ အာရောပနကာလော ဝိယ, ပဉ္စဝီသတိယာ ဂင်္ဂါနံ [Pg.91] ဩဃဿ သမ္ဘိဇ္ဇ မုခဒွါရေ ဧကတော ရာသိဘူတကာလော ဝိယ အဟောသိ.

The Blessed One's body—resplendent with the eighty minor characteristics, the fathom-long aura, and the thirty-two excellent marks of a great man—shone like the expanse of the sky with its stars well-risen, like a blossomed lotus grove, like the Pāricchattaka tree, a hundred yojanas in size, in full bloom. It shone as if overwhelming the splendor of thirty-two moons, thirty-two suns, thirty-two universal monarchs, thirty-two kings of gods, and thirty-two great Brahmās, all placed in succession. For it was adorned by the thirty perfections, which had been completely fulfilled as the ten perfections, the ten secondary perfections, and the ten supreme perfections. The giving that was given, the virtue that was protected, and the good kamma that was done over four incalculable aeons and more than one hundred thousand kappas, having descended into a single existence, became as if constrained, unable to find a place to give its result. It was like the time of loading the cargo of a thousand ships onto a single ship, like the time of loading the cargo of a thousand carts onto a single cart, or like the time when the floodwaters of twenty-five rivers, having merged, become a single mass at the mouth of the ocean.

ဣမာယ ဗုဒ္ဓသိရိယာ ဩဘာသမာနဿာပိ စ ဘဂဝတော ပုရတော အနေကာနိ ဒဏ္ဍဒီပိကာသဟဿာနိ ဥက္ခိပိံသု, တထာ ပစ္ဆတော, ဝါမပဿေ, ဒက္ခိဏပဿေ. ဇာတိသုမနစမ္ပကဝနမလ္လိကာရတ္တုပ္ပလ-နီလုပ္ပလ-ဗကုလသိန္ဒုဝါရပုပ္ဖာနိ စေဝ နီလပီတာဒိဝဏ္ဏသုဂန္ဓဂန္ဓစုဏ္ဏာနိ စ စာတုဒ္ဒီပိကမေဃဝိဿဋ္ဌာ ဥဒကဝုဋ္ဌိယော ဝိယ ဝိပ္ပကိရိယိံသု. ပဉ္စင်္ဂိကတူရိယနိဂ္ဃောသာ စေဝ ဗုဒ္ဓဓမ္မသံဃဂုဏပဋိသံယုတ္တာ ထုတိဃောသာ စ သဗ္ဗာ ဒိသာ ပူရယိံသု. ဒေဝမနုဿနာဂသုပဏ္ဏဂန္ဓဗ္ဗယက္ခာဒီနံ အက္ခီနိ အမတပါနံ ဝိယ လဘိံသု. ဣမသ္မိံ ပန ဌာနေ ဌတွာ ပဒသဟဿေန ဂမနဝဏ္ဏံ ဝတ္တုံ ဝဋ္ဋတိ. တတြိဒံ မုခမတ္တံ –

And even while the Blessed One was shining with this Buddha-splendor, in front of him many thousands of torches on stands were held up; likewise behind, on his left side, and on his right side. Jāti, sumana, campaka, vanamallikā, red lotus, blue lotus, bakula, and sinduvāra flowers, as well as fragrant powders of blue, yellow, and other colors with pleasant scents, were scattered like showers of water released by a great cloud covering the four continents. The sounds of the fivefold musical instruments and the sounds of praise connected with the virtues of the Buddha, Dhamma, and Saṅgha filled all directions. The eyes of devas, humans, nāgas, supaṇṇas, gandhabbas, yakkhas, and others were as if they had obtained a drink of the deathless. However, standing in this place, it is fitting to speak a description of his gait with a thousand words. Herein, this is but a brief utterance:

‘‘ဧဝံ သဗ္ဗင်္ဂသမ္ပန္နော, ကမ္ပယန္တော ဝသုန္ဓရံ;

အဟေဌယန္တော ပါဏာနိ, ယာတိ လောကဝိနာယကော.

“Thus, perfect in every way, causing the earth to tremble, not harming living beings, the Leader of the World goes.

‘‘ဒက္ခိဏံ ပဌမံ ပါဒံ, ဥဒ္ဓရန္တော နရာသဘောဂစ္ဆန္တော သိရိသမ္ပန္နော, သောဘတေ ဒွိပဒုတ္တမော.

“Lifting his right foot first, the Bull among Men, walking endowed with splendor, the supreme among bipeds, shines.

‘‘ဂစ္ဆတော ဗုဒ္ဓသေဋ္ဌဿ, ဟေဋ္ဌာပါဒတလံ မုဒု;

သမံ သမ္ဖုသတေ ဘူမိံ, ရဇသာ နုပလိပ္ပတိ.

“As the foremost Buddha walks, the soft sole of his foot below evenly touches the ground; it is not smeared by dust.

‘‘နိန္နဋ္ဌာနံ ဥန္နမတိ, ဂစ္ဆန္တေ လောကနာယကေ;

ဥန္နတဉ္စ သမံ ဟောတိ, ပထဝီ စ အစေတနာ.

“When the Leader of the World walks, a low place rises up, and a high place becomes level, although the earth is insentient.

‘‘ပါသာဏာ သက္ခရာ စေဝ, ကထလာ ခါဏုကဏ္ဋကာ;

သဗ္ဗေ မဂ္ဂါ ဝိဝဇ္ဇန္တိ, ဂစ္ဆန္တေ လောကနာယကေ.

“When the Leader of the World walks, stones and gravel, potsherds, stumps, and thorns—all avoid the path.

‘‘နာတိဒူရေ ဥဒ္ဓရတိ, နစ္စာသန္နေ စ နိက္ခိပံ;

အဃဋ္ဋယန္တော နိယျာတိ, ဥဘော ဇာဏူ စ ဂေါပ္ဖကေ.

“He does not lift his foot too far, nor place it down too near; he proceeds without his two knees and two ankles striking against each other.

‘‘နာတိသီဃံ ပက္ကမတိ, သမ္ပန္နစရဏော မုနိ;

န စာပိ သဏိကံ ယာတိ, ဂစ္ဆမာနော သမာဟိတော.

“The sage endowed with perfect conduct does not proceed too quickly, nor does he go too slowly, walking while composed.

‘‘ဥဒ္ဓံ အဓော စ တိရိယဉ္စ, ဒိသဉ္စ ဝိဒိသံ တထာ;

န ပေက္ခမာနော သော ယာတိ, ယုဂမတ္တဉှိ ပေက္ခတိ.

“He does not go looking upwards, downwards, or across, nor to the cardinal and intermediate directions; indeed, he looks only a yoke's length before him.

‘‘နာဂဝိက္ကန္တစာရော [Pg.92] သော, ဂမနေ သောဘတေ ဇိနော;

စာရုံ ဂစ္ဆတိ လောကဂ္ဂေါ, ဟာသယန္တော သဒေဝကေ.

“That Victor, whose gait is like the stride of a noble elephant, is beautiful in his going. The foremost in the world walks gracefully, causing the world with its devas to rejoice.

‘‘ဥဠုရာဇာဝ သောဘန္တော, စတုစာရီဝ ကေသရီ;

တောသယန္တော ဗဟူ သတ္တေ, ပုရံ သေဋ္ဌံ ဥပါဂမီ’’တိ.

“Shining like the king of stars, like a lion that roams on four feet; delighting many beings, he approached the excellent city.”

ဝဏ္ဏကာလော နာမ ကိရေသ, ဧဝံဝိဓေသု ကာလေသု ဗုဒ္ဓဿ သရီရဝဏ္ဏေ ဝါ ဂုဏဝဏ္ဏေ ဝါ ဓမ္မကထိကဿ ထာမောယေဝ ပမာဏံ. စုဏ္ဏိယပဒေဟိ ဝါ ဂါထာဗန္ဓေန ဝါ ယတ္တကံ သက္ကောတိ, တတ္တကံ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗံ. ဒုက္ကထိတန္တိ န ဝတ္တဗ္ဗံ. အပ္ပမာဏဝဏ္ဏာ ဟိ ဗုဒ္ဓါ. တေသံ ဗုဒ္ဓါပိ အနဝသေသတော ဝဏ္ဏံ ဝတ္တုံ အသမတ္ထာ, ပဂေဝ ဣတရာ ပဇာတိ. ဣမိနာ သိရိဝိလာသေန အလင်္ကတပဋိယတ္တံ သကျရာဇကုလံ ပဝိသိတွာ ဘဂဝါ ပသန္နစိတ္တေန ဇနေန ဂန္ဓဓူမဝါသစုဏ္ဏာဒီဟိ ပူဇိယမာနော သန္ထာဂါရံ ပါဝိသိ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘အထ ခေါ ဘဂဝါ နိဝါသေတွာ ပတ္တစီဝရမာဒါယ သဒ္ဓိံ ဘိက္ခုသံဃေန ယေန နဝံ သန္ထာဂါရံ တေနုပသင်္ကမီ’’တိ.

This, it is said, is the time for praise. At such times, when speaking of the Buddha's physical qualities or his virtues, the strength of the Dhamma speaker is the only measure. Whether with prose passages or with verse composition, as much as one is able, that much should be spoken. It should not be said, “It is poorly spoken.” For Buddhas are of immeasurable qualities. Even other Buddhas are incapable of speaking of their qualities without remainder, how much more so other beings. With this splendorous grace, the Blessed One, having entered the royal city of the Sakyans, which was adorned and prepared, was honored by the people with delighted minds with perfumes, incense, fragrant powders, and so on, as he entered the assembly hall. Therefore it was said: “Then the Blessed One, having dressed, taking his bowl and outer robe, together with the Saṅgha of bhikkhus, approached the new assembly hall.”

ဘဂဝန္တံယေဝ ပုရက္ခတွာတိ ဘဂဝန္တံ ပုရတော ကတွာ. တတ္ထ ဘဂဝါ ဘိက္ခူနဉ္စေဝ ဥပါသကာနဉ္စ မဇ္ဈေ နိသိန္နော ဂန္ဓောဒကေန နှာပေတွာ ဒုကူလစုမ္ဗဋကေန ဝေါဒကံ ကတွာ ဇာတိဟိင်္ဂုလကေန မဇ္ဇိတွာ ရတ္တကမ္ဗလပလိဝေဌိတေ ပီဌေ ဌပိတရတ္တသုဝဏ္ဏဃနပဋိမာ ဝိယ အတိဝိရောစိတ္ထ. အယံ ပနေတ္ထ ပေါရာဏာနံ ဝဏ္ဏဘဏနမဂ္ဂေါ –

The phrase “having placed only the Blessed One at their head” means having placed the Blessed One in front. There, the Blessed One, seated in the midst of the bhikkhus and the lay devotees, having been bathed with fragrant water, dried with a fine linen cloth, and polished with pure vermilion, shone exceedingly, like a solid statue of red gold placed on a seat wrapped in a red blanket. This, in this matter, is the ancient masters' path of descriptive praise:

‘‘ဂန္တွာန မဏ္ဍလမာဠံ, နာဂဝိက္ကန္တစာရဏော;

ဩဘာသယန္တော လောကဂ္ဂေါ, နိသီဒိ ဝရမာသနေ.

“Having gone to the assembly hall, he whose stride is like a noble elephant's, the foremost in the world, sat upon the excellent seat, illuminating it.

‘‘တဟိံ နိသိန္နော နရဒမ္မသာရထိ,ဒေဝါတိဒေဝေါ သတပုညလက္ခဏော;

ဗုဒ္ဓါသနေ မဇ္ဈဂတော ဝိရောစတိ,သုဝဏ္ဏနေက္ခံ ဝိယ ပဏ္ဍုကမ္ဗလေ.

“Seated there on the Buddha-seat, the Tamer of persons to be tamed, the God beyond gods, endowed with the marks of a hundred merits, positioned in the middle, he shines like a piece of gold on a Paṇḍukambala stone slab.

‘‘နေက္ခံ ဇမ္ဗောနဒဿေဝ, နိက္ခိတ္တံ ပဏ္ဍုကမ္ဗလေ;

ဝိရောစတိ ဝီတမလော, မဏိဝေရောစနော ယထာ.

“The Stainless One shines, like a piece of Jambu-river gold placed upon the Paṇḍukambala stone slab, and like the Verocana jewel.

‘‘မဟာသာလောဝ [Pg.93] သမ္ဖုလ္လော, နေရုရာဇာဝ’လင်္ကတော;

သုဝဏ္ဏယူပသင်္ကာသော, ပဒုမော ကောကနဒေါ ယထာ.

“Like a great Sāla tree in full bloom, like Meru, king of mountains, when adorned; resembling a golden pillar, and like a red Kokanada lotus.

‘‘ဇလန္တော ဒီပရုက္ခောဝ, ပဗ္ဗတဂ္ဂေ ယထာ သိခီ;

ဒေဝါနံ ပါရိစ္ဆတ္တောဝ, သဗ္ဗဖုလ္လော ဝိရောစတီ’’တိ.

“Like a blazing lamp-tree, like a fire upon a mountain peak, like the Pāricchattaka tree of the devas in full bloom, he shines.” This is the descriptive praise.

ကာပိလဝတ္ထဝေ သကျေ ဗဟုဒေဝ ရတ္တိံ ဓမ္မိယာ ကထာယာတိ ဧတ္ထ ဓမ္မကထာ နာမ သန္ထာဂါရာနုမောဒနာပဋိသံယုတ္တာ ပကိဏ္ဏကကထာ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ. တဒါ ဟိ ဘဂဝါ အာကာသဂင်္ဂံ ဩတာရေန္တော ဝိယ ပထဝေါဇံ အာကဍ္ဎန္တော ဝိယ မဟာဇမ္ဗုံ မတ္ထကေ ဂဟေတွာ စာလေန္တော ဝိယ ယောဇနိကံ မဓုဘဏ္ဍံ စက္ကယန္တေန ပီဠေတွာ မဓုပါနံ ပါယမာနော ဝိယ ကပိလဝတ္ထုဝါသီနံ သကျာနံ ဟိတသုခါဝဟံ ပကိဏ္ဏကကထံ ကထေသိ. ‘‘အာဝါသဒါနံ နာမေတံ, မဟာရာဇ, မဟန္တံ, တုမှာကံ အာဝါသော မယာ ပရိဘုတ္တော, ဘိက္ခုသံဃေန စ ပရိဘုတ္တော, မယာ စ ဘိက္ခုသံဃေန စ ပရိဘုတ္တော ပန ဓမ္မရတနေန ပရိဘုတ္တောယေဝါတိ တီဟိ ရတနေဟိ ပရိဘုတ္တော နာမ ဟောတိ. အာဝါသဒါနသ္မိဉှိ ဒိန္နေ သဗ္ဗဒါနံ ဒိန္နမေဝ ဟောတိ. ဘုမ္မဋ္ဌကပဏ္ဏသာလာယ ဝါ သာခါမဏ္ဍပဿ ဝါပိ အာနိသံသော နာမ ပရိစ္ဆိန္ဒိတုံ န သက္ကာ. အာဝါသဒါနာနုဘာဝေန ဟိ ဘဝေ ဘဝေ နိဗ္ဗတ္တဿာပိ သမ္ဗာဓိတဂဗ္ဘဝါသော န ဟောတိ, ဒွါဒသဟတ္ထော ဩဝရကော ဝိယ မာတုကုစ္ဆိ အသမ္ဗာဓောဝ ဟောတီ’’တိ. ဧဝံ နာနာနယဝိစိတ္တံ ဗဟုံ ဓမ္မိံ ကထံ ကထေတွာ –

Regarding the phrase "instructed the Sakyans of Kapilavatthu for much of the night with a talk on the Dhamma": here, "Dhamma talk" should be understood as a miscellaneous discourse connected with the expression of appreciation for the assembly hall. For at that time, the Blessed One, as if causing the celestial Ganges to descend, as if drawing up the essence of the earth, as if seizing a great Jambu tree by its top and shaking it, as if pressing a league-sized container of honey with a machine and causing them to drink the honey-drink, delivered a miscellaneous discourse bringing welfare and happiness to the Sakyans dwelling in Kapilavatthu. "This gift of a dwelling, O great kings, is a great thing. Your dwelling has been used by me, and it has been used by the Saṅgha of bhikkhus. Since it has been used by me and the Saṅgha of bhikkhus, it has indeed been used by the Jewel of the Dhamma. Thus, it is said to be used by the Three Jewels. For when the gift of a dwelling is given, all gifts are thereby given. The benefit of even a leaf-hut on the ground or a pavilion of branches cannot be measured. For by the power of the gift of a dwelling, in life after life, even when one is conceived, one does not have a confined stay in the womb; the mother's womb is unconfined, like a chamber twelve cubits wide." Thus, having delivered a lengthy Dhamma talk, variegated with many methods—

‘‘သီတံ ဥဏှံ ပဋိဟန္တိ, တတော ဝါဠမိဂါနိ စ;

သိရီသပေ စ မကသေ, သိသိရေ စာပိ ဝုဋ္ဌိယော.

“A monastery wards off cold and heat, and furthermore, beasts of prey, crawling things and mosquitoes, and also the chill and the rains.

‘‘တတော ဝါတာတပေါ ဃောရော, သဉ္ဇာတော ပဋိဟညတိ;

လေဏတ္ထဉ္စ သုခတ္ထဉ္စ, ဈာယိတုဉ္စ ဝိပဿိတုံ.

“Furthermore, the fierce wind and sun that have arisen are dispelled. It is for the purpose of shelter and for happiness, for meditating and for practicing insight.

‘‘ဝိဟာရဒါနံ သံဃဿ, အဂ္ဂံ ဗုဒ္ဓေန ဝဏ္ဏိတံ;

တသ္မာ ဟိ ပဏ္ဍိတော ပေါသော, သမ္ပဿံ အတ္ထမတ္တနော.

“The gift of a monastery to the Saṅgha is praised by the Buddha as supreme. Therefore, a wise person, seeing their own welfare,

‘‘ဝိဟာရေ ကာရယေ ရမ္မေ, ဝါသယေတ္ထ ဗဟုဿုတေ;

တေသံ အန္နဉ္စ ပါနဉ္စ, ဝတ္ထသေနာသနာနိ စ.

“should have delightful monasteries built, and have the learned dwell therein. To them, food and drink, robes and lodgings,

‘‘ဒဒေယျ [Pg.94] ဥဇုဘူတေသု, ဝိပ္ပသန္နေန စေတသာ;

တေ တဿ ဓမ္မံ ဒေသေန္တိ, သဗ္ဗဒုက္ခာပနူဒနံ;

ယံ သော ဓမ္မံ ဣဓညာယ, ပရိနိဗ္ဗာတိ အနာသဝေါ’’တိ. (စူဠဝ. ၂၉၅) –

“one should give to the upright with a confident mind. They teach him the Dhamma that dispels all suffering. Understanding which Dhamma here, he, free from taints, attains Parinibbāna.”

ဧဝံ ‘‘အယမ္ပိ အာဝါသေ အာနိသံသော, အယမ္ပိ အာဝါသေ အာနိသံသော’’တိ ဗဟုဒေဝ ရတ္တိံ အတိရေကတရံ ဒိယဍ္ဎယာမံ အာဝါသာနိသံသကထံ ကထေသိ. တတ္ထ ဣမာ တာဝ ဂါထာဝ သင်္ဂဟံ အာရုဠှာ, ပကိဏ္ဏကဓမ္မဒေသနာ ပန သင်္ဂဟံ နာရောဟတိ. သန္ဒဿေတွာတိအာဒီနိ ဝုတ္တတ္ထာနေဝ.

Thus, saying, "This is a benefit of a dwelling, and this is a benefit of a dwelling," for much of the night, for one and a half watches, he spoke exceedingly on the benefits of a dwelling. Among these, these verses were included in the canonical collection, but the miscellaneous Dhamma teaching was not included in the collection. The meaning of "having instructed," and so on, is as already stated.

အဘိက္ကန္တာတိ အတိက္ကန္တာ ဒွေ ယာမာ ဂတာ. ယဿ ဒါနိ ကာလံ မညထာတိ ယဿ တုမှေ ဂမနဿ ကာလံ မညထ, ဂမနကာလော တုမှာကံ, ဂစ္ဆထာတိ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ. ကသ္မာ ပန ဘဂဝါ တေ ဥယျောဇေသီတိ? အနုကမ္ပာယ. သုခုမာလာ ဟိ တေ, တိယာမရတ္တိံ နိသီဒိတွာ ဝီတိနာမေန္တာနံ သရီရေ အာဗာဓော ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇေယျ. ဘိက္ခုသံဃောပိ မဟာ, တဿ ဌာနနိသဇ္ဇာနံ ဩကာသော လဒ္ဓုံ ဝဋ္ဋတီတိ ဥဘယာနုကမ္ပာယ ဥယျောဇေသိ.

"The night is far advanced" means the night has passed; two watches are gone. "It is now time for what you are thinking" means: "The time for departure which you know; it is time for you to depart; go." Why did the Blessed One dismiss them? Out of compassion. For they were delicate; if they were to spend the three watches of the night sitting, illness might arise in their bodies. Also, the Saṅgha of bhikkhus was large, and it was fitting for them to get an opportunity for standing and sitting. Therefore, out of compassion for both parties, he dismissed them.

ဝိဂတထိနမိဒ္ဓေါတိ တတြ ကိရ ဘိက္ခူ ယာမဒွယံ ဌိတာပိ နိသိန္နာပိ အစာလယိံသု, ပစ္ဆိမယာမေ ပန အာဟာရော ပရိဏမတိ, တဿ ပရိဏတတ္တာ ဘိက္ခုသံဃော ဝိဂတထိနမိဒ္ဓေါ ဇာတောတိ အကာရဏမေတံ. ဗုဒ္ဓါနဉှိ ကထံ သုဏန္တဿ ကာယိကစေတသိကဒရထာ န ဟောန္တိ, ကာယစိတ္တလဟုတာဒယော ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇန္တိ, တေန တေသံ ဒွေ ယာမေ ဌိတာနမ္ပိ နိသိန္နာနမ္ပိ ဓမ္မံ သုဏန္တာနံ ထိနမိဒ္ဓံ ဝိဂတံ, ပစ္ဆိမယာမေပိ သမ္ပတ္တေ တထာ ဝိဂတမေဝ ဇာတံ. တေနာဟ ‘‘ဝိဂတထိနမိဒ္ဓေါ’’တိ.

Regarding "free from sloth and torpor": It is said that there the bhikkhus, for two watches, whether standing or sitting, did not stir. Some say that in the last watch the food digests, and due to its digestion the Saṅgha of bhikkhus became free from sloth and torpor. This is not the reason. For when one listens to the discourse of the Buddhas, bodily and mental distress do not arise; lightness of body and mind, and so on, arise. Therefore, for them, listening to the Dhamma for two watches, whether standing or sitting, sloth and torpor were absent. Even when the last watch arrived, it remained absent just so. Therefore, he said, "free from sloth and torpor."

ပိဋ္ဌိ မေ အာဂိလာယတီတိ ကသ္မာ အာဂိလာယတိ? ဘဂဝတော ဟိ ဆဗ္ဗဿာနိ မဟာပဓာနံ ပဒဟန္တဿ မဟန္တံ ကာယဒုက္ခံ အဟောသိ, အထဿ အပရဘာဂေ မဟလ္လကကာလေ ပိဋ္ဌိဝါတော ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇီတိ. အကာရဏံ ဝါ ဧတံ. ပဟောတိ ဟိ ဘဂဝါ ဥပ္ပန္နံ ဝေဒနံ ဝိက္ခမ္ဘေတွာ ဧကမ္ပိ ဒွေပိ သတ္တာဟာနိ ဧကပလ္လင်္ကေန နိသီဒိတုံ. သန္ထာဂါရသာလံ ပန စတူဟိ ဣရိယာပထေဟိ ပရိဘုဉ္ဇိတုကာမော အဟောသိ. တတ္ထ ပါဒဓောဝနဋ္ဌာနတော ယာဝ ဓမ္မာသနာ အဂမာသိ, ဧတ္တကေ ဌာနေ ဂမနံ နိပ္ဖန္နံ. ဓမ္မာသနံ ပတ္တံ ထောကံ ဌတွာ နိသီဒိ, ဧတ္တကေ ဌာနေ ဌာနံ နိပ္ဖန္နံ. ဒွေယာမံ ဓမ္မာသနေ နိသီဒိ, ဧတ္တကေ ဌာနေ [Pg.95] နိသဇ္ဇာ နိပ္ဖန္နာ. ဣဒါနိ ဒက္ခိဏေန ပဿေန ထောကံ နိပန္နေ သယနံ နိပ္ဖဇ္ဇိဿတီတိ ဧဝံ စတူဟိ ဣရိယာပထေဟိ ပရိဘုဉ္ဇိတုကာမော အဟောသိ. ဥပါဒိန္နကသရီရဉ္စ နာမ ‘‘နော အာဂိလာယတီ’’တိ န ဝတ္တဗ္ဗံ, တသ္မာ စိရနိသဇ္ဇာယ သဉ္ဇာတံ အပ္ပကမ္ပိ အာဂိလာယနံ ဂဟေတွာ ဧဝမာဟ.

My back is aching—why does it ache? For the Blessed One, during his six years of striving with great exertion, there was great bodily pain. Then, in a later part of his life, in his old age, a back ailment arose. Or, this is not the reason. For the Blessed One is capable of suppressing an arisen feeling by means of meditative attainment and sitting in a single cross-legged posture for one week or even two weeks. However, he wished to use the assembly hall in all four postures. From the place for washing feet up to the Dhamma seat, he went; in that distance, the posture of walking was accomplished. Having reached the Dhamma seat, he stood for a short while and then sat down; in that space, the posture of standing was accomplished. He sat on the Dhamma seat for two watches; in that space, the posture of sitting was accomplished. Now, by lying down for a short while on his right side, the posture of lying down will be accomplished. Thus, he wished to use it in all four postures. Moreover, regarding a body that is clung to, it cannot be said, 'It does not ache.' Therefore, taking even the slight aching that arose from prolonged sitting, he spoke thus.

သံဃာဋိံ ပညာပေတွာတိ သန္ထာဂါရဿ ကိရ ဧကပဿေ တေ ရာဇာနော ပဋသာဏိံ ပရိက္ခိပါပေတွာ ကပ္ပိယမဉ္စကံ ပညာပေတွာ ကပ္ပိယပစ္စတ္ထရဏေန အတ္ထရိတွာ ဥပရိ သုဝဏ္ဏတာရကဂန္ဓမာလာဒိဒါမပဋိမဏ္ဍိတံ ဝိတာနံ ဗန္ဓိတွာ ဂန္ဓတေလပ္ပဒီပံ အာရောပယိံသု, ‘‘အပ္ပေဝ နာမ သတ္ထာ ဓမ္မာသနတော ဝုဋ္ဌာယ ထောကံ ဝိဿမန္တော ဣဓ နိပဇ္ဇေယျ, ဧဝံ နော ဣမံ သန္ထာဂါရံ ဘဂဝတာ စတူဟိ ဣရိယာပထေဟိ ပရိဘုတ္တံ ဒီဃရတ္တံ ဟိတာယ သုခါယ ဘဝိဿတီ’’တိ. သတ္ထာပိ တဒေဝ သန္ဓာယ တတ္ထ သံဃာဋိံ ပညာပေတွာ နိပဇ္ဇိ. ဥဋ္ဌာနသညံ မနသိ ကရိတွာတိ ‘‘ဧတ္တကံ ကာလံ အတိက္ကမိတွာ ဝုဋ္ဌဟိဿာမီ’’တိ ဝုဋ္ဌာနသညံ စိတ္တေ ဌပေတွာ, တဉ္စ ခေါ အနိဒ္ဒါယန္တောဝ ထေရဿ ဓမ္မကထံ သုဏမာနော.

"Having had the saṅghāṭi robe spread out": it is said that on one side of the assembly hall, those kings, having had a cloth curtain set up all around, prepared a suitable couch, spread it with a suitable covering, tied a canopy above adorned with golden stars, fragrant garlands, and other such festoons, and lit a fragrant oil lamp, thinking, "Perhaps the Teacher, rising from the Dhamma seat and resting for a short while, might lie down here. Thus, this assembly hall having been used by the Blessed One in all four postures will be for our welfare and happiness for a long time." The Teacher too, with reference to that, had his saṅghāṭi robe spread out there and lay down. "Having kept the perception of rising in mind": having placed in his mind the perception of rising, thinking, "After this much time has passed, I will rise." And he did this without falling asleep, listening to the elder's Dhamma talk out of respect for the Dhamma.

အဝဿုတပရိယာယန္တိ အဝဿုတဿ ပရိယာယံ, အဝဿုတဿ ကာရဏန္တိ အတ္ထော. အဓိမုစ္စတီတိ ကိလေသာဓိမုစ္စနေန အဓိမုစ္စတိ, ဂိဒ္ဓေါ ဟောတိ. ဗျာပဇ္ဇတီတိ ဗျာပါဒဝသေန ပူတိစိတ္တော ဟောတိ. စက္ခုတောတိ စက္ခုဘာဝေန. မာရောတိ ကိလေသမာရောပိ ဒေဝပုတ္တမာရောပိ. ဩတာရန္တိ ဝိဝရံ. အာရမ္မဏန္တိ ပစ္စယံ. နဠာဂါရတိဏာဂါရံ ဝိယ ဟိ သဝိသေဝနာနိ အာယတနာနိ, တိဏုက္ကာ ဝိယ ကိလေသုပ္ပတ္တိရဟံ အာရမ္မဏံ, တိဏုက္ကာယ ဌပိတဌပိတဋ္ဌာနေ အင်္ဂါရဿုဇ္ဇလနံ ဝိယ အာရမ္မဏေ အာပါထမာဂတေ ကိလေသာနံ ဥပ္ပတ္တိ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ လဘေထ မာရော ဩတာရန္တိ.

'Avassutapariyāya' means the discourse on one who is defiled, that is, the reason for being defiled. 'He is attached' means he is attached by way of the attachment of defilements; he becomes greedy. 'He is hostile' means he has a corrupted mind by way of ill will. 'Cakkhuto' means by way of the eye. 'Māra' means both the Māra of defilements and Māra the devaputta. 'Otāraṃ' means an opening. 'Ārammaṇaṃ' means a condition. For the sense bases that are accompanied by involvement are to be seen as like a reed hut or a grass hut. The object, which is a suitable ground for the arising of defilements, is to be seen as like a grass torch. Just as a house blazes up wherever a grass torch is placed, so the arising of defilements is to be seen when an object comes into range. Therefore it is said: 'Māra would find an opening.'

သုက္ကပက္ခေ ဗဟလမတ္တိကပိဏ္ဍာဝလေပနံ ကူဋာဂါရံ ဝိယ နိဗ္ဗိသေဝနာနိ အာယတနာနိ, တိဏုက္ကာ ဝိယ ဝုတ္တပကာရာရမ္မဏံ, တိဏုက္ကာယ ဌပိတဌပိတဋ္ဌာနေ နိဗ္ဗာပနံ ဝိယ နိဗ္ဗိသေဝနာနံ အာယတနာနံ အာရမ္မဏေ အာပါထမာဂတေ ကိလေသပရိဠာဟဿ အနုပ္ပတ္တိ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ နေဝ လဘေထ မာရော ဩတာရန္တိ.

The sense bases that are without involvement are to be seen as like a gabled house in the bright fortnight, freshly plastered with a thick layer of clay and wet cow-dung. The object of the type already mentioned is to be seen as like a grass torch. Just as a grass torch is extinguished wherever it is placed, so the non-arising of the fever of defilements is to be seen when an object comes into the range of the sense bases that are without involvement. Therefore it is said: 'Māra would not find an opening.'

၇. ဒုက္ခဓမ္မသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

7. The Explanation of the Dukkhadhamma Sutta

၂၄၄. သတ္တမေ [Pg.96] ဒုက္ခဓမ္မာနန္တိ ဒုက္ခသမ္ဘဝဓမ္မာနံ. ပဉ္စသု ဟိ ခန္ဓေသု သတိ ဆေဒနဝဓဗန္ဓနာဒိဘေဒံ ဒုက္ခံ သမ္ဘဝတိ, တသ္မာ တေ ဒုက္ခသမ္ဘဝဓမ္မတ္တာ ဒုက္ခဓမ္မာတိ ဝုစ္စန္တိ. တထာ ခေါ ပနဿာတိ တေနာကာရေနဿ. ယထာဿ ကာမေ ပဿတောတိ ယေနာကာရေနဿ ကာမေ ပဿန္တဿ. ယထာ စရန္တန္တိ ယေနာကာရေန စာရဉ္စ ဝိဟာရဉ္စ အနုဗန္ဓိတွာ စရန္တံ. အင်္ဂါရကာသူပမာ ကာမာ ဒိဋ္ဌာ ဟောန္တီတိ ပရိယေဋ္ဌိမူလကဿ စေဝ ပဋိသန္ဓိမူလကဿ စ ဒုက္ခဿ ဝသေန အင်္ဂါရကာသု ဝိယ မဟာပရိဠာဟာတိ ဒိဋ္ဌာ ဟောန္တိ. ကာမေ ပရိယေသန္တာနဉှိ နာဝါယ မဟာသမုဒ္ဒေါဂါဟနအဇပထသင်္ကုပထပဋိပဇ္ဇနဥဘတောဗျူဠှသင်္ဂါမပက္ခန္ဒနာဒိဝသေန ပရိယေဋ္ဌိမူလကမ္ပိ, ကာမေ ပရိဘုဉ္ဇန္တာနံ ကာမပရိဘောဂစေတနာယ စတူသု အပါယေသု ဒိန္နပဋိသန္ဓိမူလကမ္ပိ မဟာပရိဠာဟဒုက္ခံ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ. ဧဝမေတဿ ဒုဝိဓဿာပိ ဒုက္ခဿ ဝသေန အင်္ဂါရကာသု ဝိယ မဟာပရိဠာဟာတိ ဒိဋ္ဌာ ဟောန္တိ.

244. In the seventh sutta, 'dukkhadhammānaṃ' means 'phenomena that are the cause of suffering.' For, when the five aggregates are present, suffering with its various forms such as cutting, killing, and binding arises. Therefore, because they are phenomena that are the cause of suffering, they are called 'dukkhadhammā.' 'Tathā kho panassa' means: 'in that manner, for him.' 'Yathāssa kāme passato' means: 'in whatever manner, for him who sees sensual pleasures.' 'Yathā carantaṃ' means: 'in whatever manner, pursuing the mind's grazing and its abiding.' 'Aṅgārakāsūpamā kāmā diṭṭhā honti' means: 'sensual pleasures are seen as being like a pit of burning embers.' They are seen as a great torment, like a pit of burning embers, by way of the suffering rooted in seeking and the suffering rooted in rebirth. For those who seek sensual pleasures, suffering rooted in seeking arises through such things as plunging into the great ocean by boat, undertaking journeys on goat-paths and thorny paths, and charging into battles where both sides are arrayed. For those who enjoy sensual pleasures, the great torment of suffering rooted in the rebirth given in the four woeful states arises from the volition of enjoying sensual pleasures. Thus, by way of these two kinds of suffering, they are seen as a great torment, like a pit of burning embers.

ဒါယန္တိ အဋဝိံ. ပုရတောပိ ကဏ္ဋကောတိ ပုရိမပဿေ ဝိဇ္ဈိတုကာမော ဝိယ အာသန္နဋ္ဌာနေယေဝ ဌိတကဏ္ဋကော. ပစ္ဆတောတိအာဒီသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော. ဟေဋ္ဌာ ပန ပါဒေဟိ အက္ကန္တဋ္ဌာနဿ သန္တိကေ, န အက္ကန္တဋ္ဌာနေယေဝ. ဧဝံ သော ကဏ္ဋကဂဗ္ဘံ ပဝိဋ္ဌော ဝိယ ဘဝေယျ. မာ မံ ကဏ္ဋကောတိ မာ မံ ကဏ္ဋကော ဝိဇ္ဈီတိ ကဏ္ဋကဝေဓံ ရက္ခမာနော.

'Dāyaṃ' means 'a forest' ('aṭaviṃ'). 'Purato pi kaṇṭako' means: a thorn stands in front, as if wishing to pierce from the front, standing right near one's foot. This same method should be applied to the phrases beginning with 'pacchatoti' ('behind'). However, 'below' means near the place trodden by the feet, not on the very place that was trodden. Thus, that person would be as if he had entered a thicket of thorns. 'Mā maṃ kaṇṭako' means: 'May the thorn not pierce me,' while guarding against being pierced by a thorn.

ဒန္ဓော, ဘိက္ခဝေ, သတုပ္ပာဒေါတိ သတိယာ ဥပ္ပာဒေါယေဝ ဒန္ဓော, ဥပ္ပန္နမတ္တာယ ပန တာယ ကာစိ ကိလေသာ နိဂ္ဂဟိတာဝ ဟောန္တိ, န သဏ္ဌာတုံ သက္ကောန္တိ. စက္ခုဒွါရသ္မိဉှိ ရာဂါဒီသု ဥပ္ပန္နေသု ဒုတိယဇဝနဝါရေန ‘‘ကိလေသာ မေ ဥပ္ပန္နာ’’တိ ဉတွာ တတိယေ ဇဝနဝါရေ သံဝရဇဝနံယေဝ ဇဝတိ. အနစ္ဆရိယဉ္စေတံ, ယံ ဝိပဿကော တတိယဇဝနဝါရေ ကိလေသေ နိဂ္ဂဏှေယျ. စက္ခုဒွါရေ ပန ဣဋ္ဌာရမ္မဏေ အာပါထဂတေ ဘဝင်္ဂံ အာဝဋ္ဋေတွာ အာဝဇ္ဇနာဒီသု ဥပ္ပန္နေသု ဝေါဋ္ဌဗ္ဗနာနန္တရံ သမ္ပတ္တကိလေသဇဝနဝါရံ နိဝတ္တေတွာ ကုသလမေဝ ဥပ္ပာဒေတိ. အာရဒ္ဓဝိပဿကာနဉှိ အယမာနိသံသော ဘာဝနာပဋိသင်္ခါနေ ပတိဋ္ဌိတဘာဝဿ.

'Dandho, bhikkhave, satuppādo' means that the arising of mindfulness itself is slow. But, just as it has arisen, by it some defilements are suppressed; they are unable to persist. For, at the eye-door, when lust and so forth have arisen, having known in the second javana-moment, 'Defilements have arisen in me,' in the third javana-moment, only the javana of restraint runs. And this is not wonderful, that an insight meditator would suppress the defilements in the third javana-moment. However, at the eye-door, when a desirable object has come into range, having averted the life-continuum (bhavaṅga), and after adverting and so forth have arisen, immediately after the determining-moment (voṭṭhabbana), he turns back the javana-moment of defilement that should have occurred and produces only a wholesome one. For this is the benefit for those who have undertaken insight meditation, of being established in the reflection on the development of meditation.

အဘိဟဋ္ဌုံ [Pg.97] ပဝါရေယျုန္တိ သုဒိန္နတ္ထေရဿ ဝိယ ရဋ္ဌပါလကုလပုတ္တဿ ဝိယ စ ကာယေန ဝါ သတ္တ ရတနာနိ အဘိဟရိတွာ ဝါစာယ ဝါ ‘‘အမှာကံ ဓနတော ယတ္တကံ ဣစ္ဆသိ, တတ္တကံ ဂဏှာ’’တိ ဝဒန္တာ ပဝါရေယျုံ. အနုဒဟန္တီတိ သရီရေ ပလိဝေဌိတတ္တာ ဥဏှပရိဠာဟံ ဇနေတွာ အနုဒဟန္တိ. သဉ္ဇာတသေဒေ ဝါ သရီရေ လဂ္ဂန္တာ အနုသေန္တီတိပိ အတ္ထော. ယဉှိ တံ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, စိတ္တန္တိ ဣဒံ ယသ္မာ စိတ္တေ အနာဝဋ္ဋန္တေ ပုဂ္ဂလဿ အာဝဋ္ဋနံ နာမ နတ္ထိ. ဧဝရူပဉှိ စိတ္တံ အနာဝဋ္ဋန္တိ, တသ္မာ ဝုတ္တံ. ဣတိ ဣမသ္မိံ သုတ္တေ ဝိပဿနာဗလမေဝ ဒီပိတံ.

'Abhihaṭṭhuṃ pavāreyyuṃ' means they would invite, as they did for the Elder Sudinna and for the clansman Raṭṭhapāla, either by bringing forth the seven treasures with their body, or by inviting with their speech, saying, 'Take as much as you wish from our wealth.' 'Anudahanti' means: because they are wrapped around the body, they generate warmth and heat, and thus they burn. Alternatively, the meaning can be understood as: clinging to a body that has produced sweat, they lie upon it. 'Yañhi taṃ, bhikkhave, cittaṃ' was said because, when the mind does not turn back, there is no such thing as the turning back of the person. And such a mind does not turn back; therefore, this was said. Thus, in this sutta, only the power of insight meditation is shown.

၈. ကိံသုကောပမသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

8. Commentary on the Kiṃsukopama Sutta

၂၄၅. အဋ္ဌမေ ဒဿနန္တိ ပဌမမဂ္ဂဿေတံ အဓိဝစနံ. ပဌမမဂ္ဂေါ ဟိ ကိလေသပဟာနကိစ္စံ သာဓေန္တော ပဌမံ နိဗ္ဗာနံ ပဿတိ, တသ္မာ ဒဿနန္တိ ဝုစ္စတိ. ဂေါတြဘုဉာဏံ ပန ကိဉ္စာပိ မဂ္ဂတော ပဌမတရံ ပဿတိ, ပဿိတွာ ပန ကတ္တဗ္ဗကိစ္စဿ ကိလေသပဟာနဿ အဘာဝေန န ဒဿနန္တိ ဝုစ္စတိ. အပိစ စတ္တာရောပိ မဂ္ဂါ ဒဿနမေဝ. ကသ္မာ? သောတာပတ္တိမဂ္ဂက္ခဏေ ဒဿနံ ဝိသုဇ္ဈတိ, ဖလက္ခဏေ ဝိသုဒ္ဓံ. သကဒါဂါမိအနာဂါမိအရဟတ္တမဂ္ဂက္ခဏေ ဝိသုဇ္ဈတိ, ဖလက္ခဏေ ဝိသုဒ္ဓန္တိ ဧဝံ ကထေန္တာနံ ဘိက္ခူနံ သုတွာ သော ဘိက္ခု ‘‘အဟမ္ပိ ဒဿနံ ဝိသောဓေတွာ အရဟတ္တဖလေ ပတိဋ္ဌိတော ဒဿနဝိသုဒ္ဓိကံ နိဗ္ဗာနံ သစ္ဆိကတွာ ဝိဟရိဿာမီ’’တိ တံ ဘိက္ခုံ ဥပသင်္ကမိတွာ ဧဝံ ပုစ္ဆိ. သော ဖဿာယတနကမ္မဋ္ဌာနိကော ဆန္နံ ဖဿာယတနာနံ ဝသေန ရူပါရူပဓမ္မေ ပရိဂ္ဂဟေတွာ အရဟတ္တံ ပတ္တော. ဧတ္ထ ဟိ ပုရိမာနိ ပဉ္စ အာယတနာနိ ရူပံ, မနာယတနံ အရူပံ. ဣတိ သော အတ္တနာ အဓိဂတမဂ္ဂမေဝ ကထေသိ.

245. In the eighth sutta, 'seeing' (dassana) is a designation for the first path. For the first path, by accomplishing the task of abandoning defilements, first sees Nibbāna; therefore, it is called 'seeing'. Although the change-of-lineage knowledge (gotrabhūñāṇa) sees earlier than the path, after seeing, because there is no task of abandoning defilements to be done, it is not called 'seeing'. Moreover, all four paths are also 'seeing'. Why? At the moment of the stream-entry path, seeing is being purified; at the moment of fruition, it is purified. At the moments of the once-returner, non-returner, and Arahant paths, seeing is being purified; at the moments of their fruitions, it is purified. Having heard the monks speaking thus, that monk thought, 'I too, having purified my seeing and become established in the fruition of Arahantship, will dwell having realized Nibbāna, which is the purification of seeing.' Approaching that monk, he asked thus. That monk, whose meditation subject was the sense bases of contact, had attained Arahantship by comprehending material and immaterial phenomena by way of the six sense bases of contact. Here, the first five sense bases are material, and the mind base is immaterial. Thus, he spoke only of the path he himself had attained.

အသန္တုဋ္ဌောတိ ပဒေသသင်္ခါရေသု ဌတွာ ကထိတတ္တာ အသန္တုဋ္ဌော. ဧဝံ ကိရဿ အဟောသိ – ‘‘အယံ ပဒေသသင်္ခါရေသု ဌတွာ ကထေသိ. သက္ကာ နု ခေါ ပဒေသသင်္ခါရေသု ဌတွာ ဒဿနဝိသုဒ္ဓိကံ နိဗ္ဗာနံ ပါပုဏိတု’’န္တိ? တတော နံ ပုစ္ဆိ – ‘‘အာဝုသော, တွံယေဝ နု ခေါ ဣဒံ ဒဿနဝိသုဒ္ဓိကံ နိဗ္ဗာနံ ဇာနာသိ, ဥဒါဟု အညေပိ ဇာနန္တာ အတ္ထီ’’တိ. အတ္ထာဝုသော, အသုကဝိဟာရေ အသုကတ္ထေရော နာမာတိ. သော တမ္ပိ ဥပသင်္ကမိတွာ ပုစ္ဆိ. ဧတေနုပါယေန အညမ္ပိ အညမ္ပီတိ.

He was dissatisfied because the other spoke while established in formations with a remainder. It seems he thought: 'This one spoke while established in formations with a remainder. Is it truly possible to attain Nibbāna, the purification of vision, while established in formations with a remainder?' Then he asked him: 'Friend, do you alone know this Nibbāna, the purification of vision, or are there others who also know it?' 'Yes, friend, in such-and-such a monastery there is an elder by such-and-such a name.' So he approached him as well and asked. In this way, he went on to ask another, and then yet another.

ဧတ္ထ [Pg.98] စ ဒုတိယော ပဉ္စက္ခန္ဓကမ္မဋ္ဌာနိကော ရူပက္ခန္ဓဝသေန ရူပံ, သေသက္ခန္ဓဝသေန နာမန္တိ နာမရူပံ ဝဝတ္ထပေတွာ အနုက္ကမေန အရဟတ္တံ ပတ္တော. တသ္မာ သောပိ အတ္တနာ အဓိဂတမဂ္ဂမေဝ ကထေသိ. အယံ ပန ‘‘ဣမေသံ အညမညံ န သမေတိ, ပဌမေန သပ္ပဒေသသင်္ခါရေသု ဌတွာဝ ကထိတံ, ဣမိနာ နိပ္ပဒေသေသူ’’တိ အသန္တုဋ္ဌော ဟုတွာ တထေဝ တံ ပုစ္ဆိတွာ ပက္ကာမိ.

Now, the second monk, whose meditation subject was the five aggregates, had gradually attained Arahantship by defining name-and-form—form by way of the form aggregate, and name by way of the remaining aggregates. Therefore, he too spoke only of the path he himself had attained. But the inquiring monk, being dissatisfied, thought, 'Their accounts do not agree with each other. The first spoke while established in formations with a remainder, whereas this one spoke of being established in formations without a remainder.' And so, having asked him in the same way, he departed.

တတိယော မဟာဘူတကမ္မဋ္ဌာနိကော စတ္တာရိ မဟာဘူတာနိ သင်္ခေပတော စ ဝိတ္ထာရတော စ ပရိဂ္ဂဟေတွာ အရဟတ္တံ ပတ္တော, တသ္မာ အယမ္ပိ အတ္တနာ အဓိဂတမဂ္ဂမေဝ ကထေသိ. အယံ ပန ‘‘ဣမေသံ အညမညံ န သမေတိ, ပဌမေန သပ္ပဒေသသင်္ခါရေသု ဌတွာ ကထိတံ, ဒုတိယေန နိပ္ပဒေသေသု, တတိယေန အတိသပ္ပဒေသေသူ’’တိ အသန္တုဋ္ဌော ဟုတွာ တထေဝ တံ ပုစ္ဆိတွာ ပက္ကာမိ.

The third monk, whose meditation subject was the great elements, had attained Arahantship by comprehending the four great elements both in brief and in detail. Therefore, he too spoke only of the path he himself had attained. But the inquiring monk, being dissatisfied, thought, 'Their accounts do not agree with each other. The first spoke while established in formations with a remainder, the second in formations without a remainder, and the third in formations with an excessive remainder.' And so, having asked him in the same way, he departed.

စတုတ္ထော တေဘူမကကမ္မဋ္ဌာနိကော. တဿ ကိရ သမပ္ပဝတ္တာ ဓာတုယော အဟေသုံ, ကလ္လသရီရံ ဗလပတ္တံ, ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနာနိပိဿ သဗ္ဗာနေဝ သပ္ပာယာနိ, အတီတာ ဝါ သင်္ခါရာ ဟောန္တု အနာဂတာ ဝါ ပစ္စုပ္ပန္နာ ဝါ ကာမာဝစရာ ဝါ ရူပါဝစရာ ဝါ အရူပါဝစရာ ဝါ, သဗ္ဗေပိ သပ္ပာယာဝ. အသပ္ပာယကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ နာမ နတ္ထိ. ကာလေသုပိ ပုရေဘတ္တံ ဝါ ဟောတု ပစ္ဆာဘတ္တံ ဝါ ပဌမယာမာဒယော ဝါ, အသပ္ပာယော ကာလော နာမ နတ္ထိ. ယထာ နာမ စာရိဘူမိံ ဩတိဏ္ဏော မဟာဟတ္ထီ ဟတ္ထေန ဂဟေတဗ္ဗံ ဟတ္ထေနေဝ လုဉ္စိတွာ ဂဏှာတိ, ပါဒေဟိ ပဟရိတွာ ဂဟေတဗ္ဗံ ပါဒေဟိ ပဟရိတွာ ဂဏှာတိ, ဧဝမေဝ သကလေ တေဘူမကဓမ္မေ ကလာပဂ္ဂါဟေန ဂဟေတွာ သမ္မသန္တော အရဟတ္တံ ပတ္တော, တသ္မာ ဧသောပိ အတ္တနာ အဓိဂတမဂ္ဂမေဝ ကထေသိ. အယံ ပန ‘‘ဣမေသံ အညမညံ န သမေတိ. ပဌမေန သပ္ပဒေသသင်္ခါရေသု ဌတွာ ကထိတံ, ဒုတိယေန နိပ္ပဒေသေသု, ပုန တတိယေန သပ္ပဒေသေသု, စတုတ္ထေန နိပ္ပဒေသေသုယေဝါ’’တိ အသန္တုဋ္ဌော ဟုတွာ တံ ပုစ္ဆိ – ‘‘ကိံ နု ခေါ, အာဝုသော, ဣဒံ ဒဿနဝိသုဒ္ဓိကံ နိဗ္ဗာနံ တုမှေဟိ အတ္တနောဝ ဓမ္မတာယ ဉာတံ, ဥဒါဟု ကေနစိ ဝေါ အက္ခာတ’’န္တိ? အာဝုသော, မယံ ကိံ ဇာနာမ? အတ္ထိ ပန သဒေဝကေ လောကေ သမ္မာသမ္ဗုဒ္ဓေါ, တံ နိဿာယေတံ အမှေဟိ ဉာတန္တိ. သော စိန္တေသိ – ‘‘ဣမေ ဘိက္ခူ မယှံ အဇ္ဈာသယံ ဂဟေတွာ ကထေတုံ န သက္ကောန္တိ, အဟံ သဗ္ဗညုဗုဒ္ဓမေဝ ပုစ္ဆိတွာ နိက္ကင်္ခေါ ဘဝိဿာမီ’’တိ ယေန ဘဂဝါ တေနုပသင်္ကမိ.

The fourth monk's meditation subject was the three realms. It is said that his elements were in equilibrium, his body was fit and strong, and all meditation subjects were suitable for him. Whether formations were past, future, or present, whether they pertained to the sense-sphere realm, the fine-material realm, or the immaterial realm—all were suitable. There was no such thing as an unsuitable meditation subject. Regarding time, whether it was before the meal or after the meal, or during the first watch of the night and so on, there was no such thing as an unsuitable time. Just as a great elephant that has entered a foraging ground plucks with its trunk what is to be taken with the trunk, and kicks with its feet what is to be taken by kicking with the feet, in the same way, this monk attained Arahantship by grasping all the phenomena of the three realms in groups and contemplating them. Therefore, he too spoke only of the path he himself had attained. But the inquiring monk, being dissatisfied, thought, 'Their accounts do not agree with each other. The first spoke while established in formations with a remainder, the second in formations without a remainder, then the third again in formations with a remainder, and the fourth only in formations without a remainder.' So he asked him: 'Friend, was this Nibbāna, the purification of vision, known by you through your own nature, or was it declared to you by someone?' 'Friend, what do we know on our own? There is a Perfectly Self-Enlightened One in the world with its gods. It is by relying on him that we have known this.' That monk reflected: 'These monks are unable to grasp my disposition and speak accordingly. I will ask the Omniscient Buddha himself and become free from doubt.' And he went to where the Blessed One was.

ဘဂဝါ [Pg.99] တဿ ဝစနံ သုတွာ ‘‘ယေဟိ တေ ပဉှော ကထိတော, တေ စတ္တာရောပိ ခီဏာသဝါ, သုကထိတံ တေဟိ, တွံ ပန အတ္တနော အန္ဓဗာလတာယ တံ န သလ္လက္ခေသီ’’တိ န ဧဝံ ဝိဟေသေသိ. ကာရကဘာဝံ ပနဿ ဉတွာ ‘‘အတ္ထဂဝေသကော ဧသ, ဓမ္မဒေသနာယ ဧဝ နံ ဗုဇ္ဈာပေဿာမီ’’တိ ကိံသုကောပမံ အာဟရိ. တတ္ထ ဘူတံ ဝတ္ထုံ ကတွာ ဧဝမတ္ထော ဝိဘာဝေတဗ္ဗော – ဧကသ္မိံ ကိရ မဟာနဂရေ ဧကော သဗ္ဗဂန္ထဓရော ဗြာဟ္မဏဝေဇ္ဇော ပဏ္ဍိတော ပဋိဝသတိ. အထေကော နဂရဿ ပါစီနဒွါရဂါမဝါသီ ပဏ္ဍုရောဂပုရိသော တဿ သန္တိကံ အာဂန္တွာ တံ ဝန္ဒိတွာ အဋ္ဌာသိ. ဝေဇ္ဇပဏ္ဍိတော တေန သဒ္ဓိံ သမ္မောဒိတွာ ‘‘ကေနတ္ထေန အာဂတောသိ ဘဒြမုခါ’’တိ, ပုစ္ဆိ. ရောဂေနမှိ, အယျ, ဥပဒ္ဒုတော, ဘေသဇ္ဇံ မေ ကထေဟီတိ. တေန ဟိ, ဘော, ဂစ္ဆ, ကိံသုကရုက္ခံ ဆိန္ဒိတွာ, သောသေတွာ ဈာပေတွာ, တဿ ခါရောဒကံ ဂဟေတွာ ဣမိနာ စိမိနာ စ ဘေသဇ္ဇေန ယောဇေတွာ, အရိဋ္ဌံ ကတွာ ပိဝ, တေန တေ ဖာသုကံ ဘဝိဿတီတိ. သော တထာ ကတွာ နိရောဂေါ ဗလဝါ ပါသာဒိကော ဇာတော.

The Blessed One, having heard his words, did not torment him by saying: 'Those by whom your question was answered, all four are ones whose cankers are destroyed. It was well-spoken by them, but you, due to your own blind foolishness, did not comprehend it.' Instead, knowing his state as a practitioner, He thought, 'This one is a seeker of the meaning; I shall make him understand through a Dhamma discourse,' and so He brought forth the simile of the Kiṃsuka tree. Therein, taking a real story as the basis, the meaning should be made clear thus: It is said that in a certain great city, there lived a wise brahmin physician who was a master of all medical texts. Then a man with the disease of paleness, a resident of a village near the eastern gate of the city, came into his presence, paid homage to him, and stood there. The wise physician, after exchanging pleasantries with him, asked, 'Good sir, for what reason have you come?' 'Venerable sir, I am afflicted by disease. Please tell me a medicine.' 'Well then, good sir, go, cut down a Kiṃsuka tree, dry it, and burn it. Then, taking its alkaline water and combining it with this and that medicine, prepare a medicinal tonic and drink it. Through that, you will become well.' He, having done so, became free from disease, strong, and of pleasing appearance.

အထညော ဒက္ခိဏဒွါရဂါမဝါသီ ပုရိသော တေနေဝ ရောဂေန အာတုရော ‘‘အသုကော ကိရ ဘေသဇ္ဇံ ကတွာ အရောဂေါ ဇာတော’’တိ သုတွာ တံ ဥပသင်္ကမိတွာ ပုစ္ဆိ – ‘‘ကေန တေ, သမ္မ, ဖာသုကံ ဇာတ’’န္တိ. ကိံသုကာရိဋ္ဌေန နာမ, ဂစ္ဆ တွမ္ပိ ကရောဟီတိ. သောပိ တထာ ကတွာ တာဒိသောဝ ဇာတော.

Then another man, a resident of a village near the southern gate, afflicted with that very same disease, heard, 'It is said that so-and-so, having prepared a medicine, became free from disease.' He approached that man and asked: 'Friend, by what did you become well?' 'By the renowned Kiṃsuka tonic. Go, you too prepare it.' He too, having done so, became just like that.

အထညော ပစ္ဆိမဒွါရဂါမဝါသီ…ပေ… ဥတ္တရဒွါရဂါမဝါသီ ပုရိသော တေနေဝ ရောဂေန အာတုရော ‘‘အသုကော ကိရ ဘေသဇ္ဇံ ကတွာ အရောဂေါ ဇာတော’’တိ တံ ဥပသင်္ကမိတွာ ပုစ္ဆိ ‘‘ကေန တေ, သမ္မ, ဖာသုကံ ဇာတ’’န္တိ? ကိံသုကာရိဋ္ဌေန နာမ, ဂစ္ဆ တွမ္ပိ ကရောဟီတိ. သောပိ တထာ ကတွာ တာဒိသောဝ ဇာတော.

Then another man, a resident of a village near the western gate... and a man, a resident of a village near the northern gate, afflicted with that very same disease, heard, 'It is said that so-and-so, having prepared a medicine, became free from disease.' He approached that person and asked: 'Friend, by what did you become well?' 'By the renowned Kiṃsuka tonic. Go, you too prepare it.' He too, having done so, became just like that.

အထညော ပစ္စန္တဝါသီ အဒိဋ္ဌပုဗ္ဗကိံသုကော ဧကော ပုရိသော တေနေဝ ရောဂေန အာတုရော စိရံ တာနိ တာနိ ဘေသဇ္ဇာနိ ကတွာ ရောဂေ အဝူပသမမာနေ ‘‘အသုကော ကိရ နဂရဿ ပါစီနဒွါရဂါမဝါသီ ပုရိသော ဘေသဇ္ဇံ ကတွာ အရောဂေါ ဇာတော’’တိ သုတွာ ‘‘ဂစ္ဆာမဟမ္ပိ, တေန ကတဘေသဇ္ဇံ ကရိဿာမီ’’တိ ဒဏ္ဍမောလုဗ္ဘ အနုပုဗ္ဗေန တဿ သန္တိကံ ဂန္တွာ, ‘‘ကေန တေ, သမ္မ, ဖာသုကံ ဇာတ’’န္တိ ပုစ္ဆိ. ကိံသုကာရိဋ္ဌေန သမ္မာတိ. ကီဒိသော [Pg.100] ပန သော ကိံသုကောတိ. ဈာပိတဂါမေ ဌိတဈာမထူဏော ဝိယာတိ. ဣတိ သော ပုရိသော အတ္တနာ ဒိဋ္ဌာကာရေနဝ ကိံသုကံ အာစိက္ခိ. တေန ဟိ ဒိဋ္ဌကာလေ ကိံသုကော ပတိတပတ္တော ခါဏုကကာလေ ဒိဋ္ဌတ္တာ တာဒိသောဝ ဟောတိ.

Then another man, a border-dweller who had never before seen a Kiṃsuka tree, was afflicted with that very same disease. When the disease did not subside after he had prepared various medicines for a long time, he heard, 'It is said that a certain man, a resident of a village near the eastern gate of the city, prepared a medicine and became free from disease.' Thinking, 'I too shall go; I will prepare the medicine that he prepared,' he leaned on a staff and gradually went into that man's presence. He asked, 'Friend, by what did you become well?' 'By the Kiṃsuka tonic, friend.' He then asked, 'But what is that Kiṃsuka like?' The man replied, 'It is like a burnt post standing in a burnt village.' Thus that man described the Kiṃsuka tree according to the appearance he himself had seen. Indeed, at the time he saw it, the Kiṃsuka had shed its leaves, and having been seen in its stump-like state, it was just like that.

သော ပန ပုရိသော သုတမင်္ဂလိကတ္တာ ‘‘အယံ ‘ဈာပိတဂါမေ ဈာမထူဏော ဝိယာ’တိ အာဟ, အမင်္ဂလမေတံ. ဧတသ္မိဉှိ မေ ဘေသဇ္ဇေ ကတေပိ ရောဂေါ န ဝူပသမိဿတီ’’တိ တဿ ဝေယျာကရဏေန အသန္တုဋ္ဌော တံ ပုစ္ဆိ – ‘‘ကိံ နု ခေါ, ဘော, တွညေဝ ကိံသုကံ ဇာနာသိ, ဥဒါဟု အညောပိ အတ္ထီ’’တိ. အတ္ထိ, ဘော, ဒက္ခိဏဒွါရဂါမေ အသုကော နာမာတိ. သော တံ ဥပသင်္ကမိတွာ ပုစ္ဆိ, သွာဿ ပုပ္ဖိတကာလေ ဒိဋ္ဌတ္တာ အတ္တနော ဒဿနာနုရူပေန ‘‘လောဟိတကော ကိံသုကော’’တိ အာဟ. သော ‘‘အယံ ပုရိမေန ဝိရုဒ္ဓံ အာဟ, ကာဠကော လောဟိတကတော သုဝိဒူရဒူရေ’’တိ တဿပိ ဝေယျာကရဏေန အသန္တုဋ္ဌော ‘‘အတ္ထိ ပန, ဘော, အညောပိ ကောစိ ကိံသုကဒဿာဝီ, ယေန ကိံသုကော ဒိဋ္ဌပုဗ္ဗော’’တိ? ပုစ္ဆိတွာ, ‘‘အတ္ထိ ပစ္ဆိမဒွါရဂါမေ အသုကော နာမာ’’တိ ဝုတ္တေ တမ္ပိ ဥပသင်္ကမိတွာ ပုစ္ဆိ. သွာဿ ဖလိတကာလေ ဒိဋ္ဌတ္တာ အတ္တနော ဒဿနာနုရူပေန ‘‘ဩစိရကဇာတော အာဒိန္နသိပါဋိကော’’တိ အာဟ. ဖလိတကာလသ္မိဉှိ ကိံသုကော ဩလမ္ဗမာနစီရကော ဝိယ အဓောမုခံ ကတွာ ဂဟိတအသိကောသော ဝိယ စ သိရီသရုက္ခော ဝိယ စ လမ္ဗမာနဖလော ဟောတိ. သော ‘‘အယံ ပုရိမေဟိ ဝိရုဒ္ဓံ အာဟ, န သက္ကာ ဣမဿ ဝစနံ ဂဟေတု’’န္တိ တဿပိ ဝေယျာကရဏေန အသန္တုဋ္ဌော ‘‘အတ္ထိ ပန, ဘော, အညောပိ ကောစိ ကိံသုကဒဿာဝီ, ယေန ကိံသုကော ဒိဋ္ဌပုဗ္ဗော’’တိ? ပုစ္ဆိတွာ, ‘‘အတ္ထိ ဥတ္တရဒွါရဂါမေ အသုကော နာမာ’’တိ ဝုတ္တေ တမ္ပိ ဥပသင်္ကမိတွာ ပုစ္ဆိ. သော အဿ သဉ္ဆန္နပတ္တကာလေ ဒိဋ္ဌတ္တာ အတ္တနော ဒဿနာနုရူပေန ‘‘ဗဟလပတ္တပလာသော သန္ဒစ္ဆာယော’’တိ အာဟ. သန္ဒစ္ဆာယော နာမ သံသန္ဒိတွာ ဌိတစ္ဆာယော.

But that man, being one who believed in auspicious hearings, thought, 'This one says, "like a burnt post in a burnt village"; this is inauspicious. Indeed, even if I prepare this medicine, my disease will not subside.' Dissatisfied with his explanation, he asked him, 'Good sir, do you alone know the Kiṃsuka tree, or is there another?' 'There is, good sir, one named so-and-so in the village at the southern gate.' So he approached that man and asked. That one, having seen it at the time of flowering, said in accordance with his own sight, 'The Kiṃsuka is red.' The man thought, 'This one says something contrary to the first one; a black thing is very, very far from a red thing.' Dissatisfied with his explanation as well, he asked, 'Good sir, is there anyone else who has seen the Kiṃsuka, by whom the Kiṃsuka has been seen before?' Upon being told, 'There is one named so-and-so in the village at the western gate,' he approached him too and asked. That one, having seen it at the time of fruiting, said in accordance with his own sight, 'It has hanging clusters like hair-braids and has tender pods.' Indeed, at the time of fruiting, the Kiṃsuka has hanging fruit, like a hanging hair-braid, like a small sword-sheath held pointing downwards, and like a Sirīsa tree. The man thought, 'This one says something contrary to the previous ones; it is not possible to accept this one's word.' Dissatisfied with his explanation as well, he asked, 'Good sir, is there anyone else who has seen the Kiṃsuka, by whom the Kiṃsuka has been seen before?' Upon being told, 'There is one named so-and-so in the village at the northern gate,' he approached him too and asked. That one, having seen it at the time of its dense foliage, said in accordance with his own sight, 'It has thick mature leaves and tender shoots, and provides dense shade.' 'Dense shade' means shade that stands densely interwoven.

သော ‘‘အယမ္ပိ ပုရိမေဟိ ဝိရုဒ္ဓံ အာဟ, န သက္ကာ ဣမဿ ဝစနံ ဂဟေတု’’န္တိ တဿပိ ဝေယျာကရဏေန အသန္တုဋ္ဌော တံ အာဟ, ‘‘ကိံ နု ခေါ, ဘော, တုမှေ အတ္တနောဝ ဓမ္မတာယ ကိံသုကံ ဇာနာထ, ဥဒါဟု ကေနစိ ဝေါ အက္ခာတော’’တိ? ကိံ, ဘော, မယံ ဇာနာမ? အတ္ထိ ပန မဟာနဂရဿ မဇ္ဈေ [Pg.101] အမှာကံ အာစရိယော ဝေဇ္ဇပဏ္ဍိတော, တံ နိဿာယ အမှေဟိ ဉာတန္တိ. ‘‘တေန ဟိ အဟမ္ပိ အာစရိယမေဝ ဥပသင်္ကမိတွာ နိက္ကင်္ခေါ ဘဝိဿာမီ’’တိ တဿ သန္တိကံ ဥပသင်္ကမိတွာ တံ ဝန္ဒိတွာ အဋ္ဌာသိ. ဝေဇ္ဇပဏ္ဍိတော တေန သဒ္ဓိံ သမ္မောဒိတွာ, ‘‘ကေနတ္ထေန အာဂတောသိ ဘဒြမုခါ’’တိ ပုစ္ဆိ. ရောဂေနမှိ, အယျ, ဥပဒ္ဒုတော, ဘေသဇ္ဇံ မေ ကထေထာတိ. တေန ဟိ, ဘော, ဂစ္ဆ, ကိံသုကရုက္ခံ ဆိန္ဒိတွာ သောသေတွာ ဈာပေတွာ တဿ ခါရောဒကံ ဂဟေတွာ ဣမိနာ စိမိနာ စ ဘေသဇ္ဇေန ယောဇေတွာ အရိဋ္ဌံ ကတွာ ပိဝ, ဧတေန တေ ဖာသုကံ ဘဝိဿတီတိ. သော တထာ ကတွာ နိရောဂေါ ဗလဝါ ပါသာဒိကော ဇာတော.

He thought, 'This one also speaks in contradiction to the previous ones; his words cannot be accepted.' Dissatisfied with this explanation as well, he said to him, 'Now, good sirs, do you know the kiṃsuka tree by your own nature, or has someone told you about it?' 'What do we know, good sir? But in the middle of the great city there is our teacher, a wise physician; relying on him, we know it.' 'Then I too will approach the teacher and be free from doubt.' He approached him, paid homage, and stood there. The wise physician exchanged greetings with him and asked, 'For what reason have you come, good sir?' 'I am afflicted by illness, venerable sir; please prescribe medicine for me.' 'Well then, good sir, go, cut down a kiṃsuka tree, dry it, burn it, take its ash-lye water, mix it with this and that medicine, prepare a medicinal drink, and drink it. This will bring you relief.' He did so and became free from illness, strong, and pleasing in appearance.

တတ္ထ မဟာနဂရံ ဝိယ နိဗ္ဗာနနဂရံ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗံ. ဝေဇ္ဇပဏ္ဍိတော ဝိယ သမ္မာသမ္ဗုဒ္ဓေါ. ဝုတ္တမ္ပိ စေ တံ ‘‘ဘိသက္ကော သလ္လကတ္တောတိ ခေါ, သုနက္ခတ္တ, တထာဂတဿေတံ အဓိဝစနံ အရဟတော သမ္မာသမ္ဗုဒ္ဓဿာ’’တိ (မ. နိ. ၃.၆၅) စတူသု ဒွါရဂါမေသု စတ္တာရော ဝေဇ္ဇန္တေဝါသိကာ ဝိယ စတ္တာရော ဒဿနဝိသုဒ္ဓိပတ္တာ ခီဏာသဝါ. ပစ္စန္တဝါသီ ပဌမပုရိသော ဝိယ ပဉှပုစ္ဆကော ဘိက္ခု. ပစ္စန္တဝါသိနော စတုန္နံ ဝေဇ္ဇန္တေဝါသိကာနံ ကထာယ အသန္တုဋ္ဌဿ အာစရိယမေဝ ဥပသင်္ကမိတွာ ပုစ္ဆနကာလော ဝိယ ဣမဿ ဘိက္ခုနော စတုန္နံ ဒဿနဝိသုဒ္ဓိပတ္တာနံ ခီဏာသဝါနံ ကထာယ အသန္တုဋ္ဌဿ သတ္ထာရံ ဥပသင်္ကမိတွာ ပုစ္ဆနကာလော.

Therein, the great city should be seen as the city of Nibbāna. The wise physician is like the Perfectly Enlightened One. And this was stated: '“Physician and surgeon,” Sunakkhatta, is a designation for the Tathāgata, the Arahant, the Perfectly Enlightened One.' The four physician's apprentices in the villages at the four gates are like the four destroyers of defilements who have attained purity of vision. The border-dwelling man is like the monk who asks the question. The time when the border-dweller, dissatisfied with the talk of the four physician's apprentices, approached the teacher to ask is like the time when this monk, dissatisfied with the talk of the four destroyers of defilements who have attained purity of vision, approaches the Teacher to ask.

ယထာ ယထာ အဓိမုတ္တာနန္တိ ယေန ယေနာကာရေန အဓိမုတ္တာနံ. ဒဿနံ သုဝိသုဒ္ဓန္တိ နိဗ္ဗာနဒဿနံ သုဋ္ဌု ဝိသုဒ္ဓံ. တထာ တထာ ခေါ တေဟိ သပ္ပုရိသေဟိ ဗျာကတန္တိ တေန တေနေဝါကာရေန တုယှံ တေဟိ သပ္ပုရိသေဟိ ကထိတံ. ယထာ ဟိ ‘‘ကာဠကော ကိံသုကော’’တိ ကထေန္တော န အညံ ကထေသိ, အတ္တနာ ဒိဋ္ဌနယေန ကိံသုကမေဝ ကထေသိ, ဧဝမေဝ ဆဖဿာယတနာနံ ဝသေန ဒဿနဝိသုဒ္ဓိပတ္တခီဏာသဝေါပိ ဣမံ ပဉှံ ကထေန္တော န အညံ ကထေသိ, အတ္တနာ အဓိဂတမဂ္ဂေန ဒဿနဝိသုဒ္ဓိကံ နိဗ္ဗာနမေဝ ကထေသိ.

'As they are resolved in whatever way' means in whatever manner they are resolved. 'The vision is perfectly pure' means the vision of Nibbāna is thoroughly pure. 'Thus indeed, by those good people it has been explained' means in just that way, it has been spoken to you by those good people. For just as one speaking of 'the black kiṃsuka tree' did not speak of anything else, but spoke only of the kiṃsuka tree according to the way they saw it, in the same way, the destroyer of defilements who has attained purity of vision, when speaking by way of the six sense bases, did not speak of anything else, but spoke only of Nibbāna, which is the purity of vision, by means of the path they had attained.

ယထာ စ ‘‘လောဟိတကော ဩစိရကဇာတော ဗဟလပတ္တပလာသော ကိံသုကော’’တိ ကထေန္တောပိ န အညံ ကထေသိ, အတ္တနာ ဒိဋ္ဌနယေန ကိံသုကမေဝ ကထေသိ, ဧဝမေဝ ပဉ္စုပါဒါနက္ခန္ဓဝသေန စတုမဟာဘူတဝသေန တေဘူမကဓမ္မဝသေန ဒဿနဝိသုဒ္ဓိပတ္တခီဏာသဝေါပိ ဣမံ ပဉှံ ကထေန္တော [Pg.102] န အညံ ကထေသိ, အတ္တနာ အဓိဂတမဂ္ဂေန ဒဿနဝိသုဒ္ဓိကံ နိဗ္ဗာနမေဝ ကထေသိ.

And just as one who spoke of 'the red kiṃsuka, with hanging pods and thick leaves' did not speak of anything else, but spoke only of the kiṃsuka tree according to the way they saw it, in the same way, the destroyer of defilements who has attained purity of vision, when answering this question, did not speak of anything else, but spoke only of Nibbāna, which is the purity of vision, by means of the path they had attained.

တတ္ထ ယထာ ကာဠကကာလေ ကိံသုကဒဿာဝိနောပိ တံ ဒဿနံ ဘူတံ တစ္ဆံ န တေန အညံ ဒိဋ္ဌံ, ကိံသုကောဝ ဒိဋ္ဌော, ဧဝမေဝ ဆဖဿာယတနဝသေန ဒဿနဝိသုဒ္ဓိပတ္တဿာပိ ခီဏာသဝဿ ဒဿနံ ဘူတံ တစ္ဆံ, န တေန အညံ ကထိတံ, အတ္တနာ အဓိဂတမဂ္ဂေန ဒဿနဝိသုဒ္ဓိကံ နိဗ္ဗာနမေဝ ကထိတံ. ယထာ စ လောဟိတကာလေ ဩစိရကဇာတကာလေ ဗဟလပတ္တပလာသကာလေ ကိံသုကဒဿာဝိနောပိ တံ ဒဿနံ ဘူတံ တစ္ဆံ, န တေန အညံ ဒိဋ္ဌံ, ကိံသုကောဝ ဒိဋ္ဌော, ဧဝမေဝ ပဉ္စုပါဒါနက္ခန္ဓဝသေန စတုမဟာဘူတဝသေန တေဘူမကဓမ္မဝသေန ဒဿနဝိသုဒ္ဓိပတ္တဿာပိ ခီဏာသဝဿ ဒဿနံ ဘူတံ တစ္ဆံ, န တေန အညံ ကထိတံ, အတ္တနာ အဓိဂတမဂ္ဂေန ဒဿနဝိသုဒ္ဓိကံ နိဗ္ဗာနမေဝ ကထိတံ.

Therein, just as at the time of being black, the seeing of one who saw the kiṃsuka tree was real and true—nothing else was seen by them, only the kiṃsuka was seen—even so, for the destroyer of defilements who has attained purity of vision by way of the six sense bases, that vision is real and true. Nothing else was spoken of by them; only Nibbāna, which is the purity of vision, was spoken of by means of the path they had attained. And just as at the time of being red, at the time of having hanging pods, and at the time of having thick leaves, the seeing of one who saw the kiṃsuka tree was real and true—nothing else was seen by them, only the kiṃsuka was seen—even so, for the destroyer of defilements who has attained purity of vision by way of the five aggregates of clinging, by way of the four great elements, or by way of the phenomena of the three planes, that vision is real and true. Nothing else was spoken of by them; only Nibbāna, which is the purity of vision, was spoken of by means of the path they had attained.

သေယျထာပိ, ဘိက္ခု ရညော ပစ္စန္တိမံ နဂရန္တိ ဣဒံ ကသ္မာ အာရဒ္ဓံ? သစေ တေန ဘိက္ခုနာ တံ သလ္လက္ခိတံ, အထဿ ဓမ္မဒေသနတ္ထံ အာရဒ္ဓံ. သစေ န သလ္လက္ခိတံ, အထဿ ဣမိနာ နဂရောပမေန တဿေဝတ္ထဿ ဒီပနတ္ထာယ အာဝိဘာဝနတ္ထာယ အာရဒ္ဓံ. တတ္ထ ယသ္မာ မဇ္ဈိမပဒေသေ နဂရဿ ပါကာရာဒီနိ ထိရာနိ ဝါ ဟောန္တု ဒုဗ္ဗလာနိ ဝါ, သဗ္ဗသော ဝါ မာ ဟောန္တု, စောရာသင်္ကာ န ဟောန္တိ, တသ္မာ တံ အဂ္ဂဟေတွာ ‘‘ပစ္စန္တိမံ နဂရ’’န္တိ အာဟ. ဒဠှုဒ္ဓါပန္တိ ထိရပါကာရံ. ဒဠှပါကာရတောရဏန္တိ ထိရပါကာရဉ္စေဝ ထိရတောရဏဉ္စ. တောရဏာနိ နာမ ဟိ ပုရိသုဗ္ဗေဓာနိ နဂရဿ အလင်္ကာရတ္ထံ ကရီယန္တိ, စောရနိဝါရဏတ္ထာနိပိ ဟောန္တိယေဝ. အထ ဝါ တောရဏန္တိ ပိဋ္ဌသံဃာဋဿေတံ နာမံ, ထိရပိဋ္ဌသံဃာဋန္တိပိ အတ္ထော. ဆဒွါရန္တိ နဂရဒွါရံ နာမ ဧကမ္ပိ ဟောတိ ဒွေပိ သတမ္ပိ သဟဿမ္ပိ, ဣဓ ပန သတ္ထာ ဆဒွါရိကနဂရံ ဒဿေန္တော ဧဝမာဟ. ပဏ္ဍိတောတိ ပဏ္ဍိစ္စေန သမန္နာဂတော. ဗျတ္တောတိ ဝေယျတ္တိယေန သမန္နာဂတော ဝိသဒဉာဏော. မေဓာဝီတိ ဌာနုပ္ပတ္တိကပညာသင်္ခါတာယ မေဓာယ သမန္နာဂတော.

‘Just as, monk, a king's frontier city’—why was this introduced? If that monk had understood it, then it was introduced for the purpose of teaching the Dhamma to him. If he had not understood it, then it was introduced with this simile of the city for the purpose of illustrating and clarifying that very matter for him. Therein, because in the central regions a city's walls and so on may be strong or weak, or may not exist at all, and there is no suspicion of thieves, therefore, not taking that as an example, he said ‘a frontier city.’ ‘With a strong rampart’ means with a strong wall. ‘With strong walls and gateways’ means both strong walls and strong gateways. For gateways are made three persons high for the adornment of the city, and they also serve to prevent thieves. Alternatively, ‘gateway’ is a name for a door-post; the meaning is also ‘with strong door-posts.’ ‘With six gates’—a city gate may be one, two, a hundred, or a thousand, but here the Teacher, wishing to show a city with six gates, spoke thus. ‘Wise’ means endowed with wisdom. ‘Competent’ means endowed with skill, with clear knowledge. ‘Intelligent’ means endowed with the intelligence called wisdom that arises according to the situation.

ပုရတ္ထိမာယ ဒိသာယာတိအာဒိမှိ ဘူတမတ္ထံ ကတွာ ဧဝမတ္ထော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော – သမိဒ္ဓေ ကိရ မဟာနဂရေ သတ္တရတနသမ္ပန္နော ရာဇာ စက္ကဝတ္တိ ရဇ္ဇံ အနုသာသတိ, တဿေတံ ပစ္စန္တနဂရံ ရာဇာယုတ္တဝိရဟိတံ, အထ ပုရိသာ အာဂန္တွာ [Pg.103] ‘‘အမှာကံ, ဒေဝ, နဂရေ အာယုတ္တကော နတ္ထိ, ဒေဟိ နော ကိဉ္စိ အာယုတ္တက’’န္တိ အာဟံသု. ရာဇာ ဧကံ ပုတ္တံ ဒတွာ ‘‘ဂစ္ဆထ, ဧတံ အာဒါယ တတ္ထ အဘိသိဉ္စိတွာ ဝိနိစ္ဆယဋ္ဌာနာဒီနိ ကတွာ ဝသထာ’’တိ. တေ တထာ အကံသု. ရာဇပုတ္တော ပါပမိတ္တသံသဂ္ဂေန ကတိပါဟေယေဝ သုရာသောဏ္ဍော ဟုတွာ, သဗ္ဗာနိ ဝိနိစ္ဆယဋ္ဌာနာဒီနိ ဟာရေတွာ, နဂရမဇ္ဈေ ဓုတ္တေဟိ ပရိဝါရိတော သုရံ ပိဝန္တော နစ္စဂီတာဒိရတိယာ ဝီတိနာမေတိ. အထ ရညော အာဂန္တွာ အာရောစယိံသု.

In the text beginning with ‘From the eastern direction,’ taking the actual meaning, it should be understood as follows: It is said that in a prosperous great city, a wheel-turning monarch endowed with the seven treasures rules the kingdom righteously. A frontier city of his was without a royally appointed governor. Then, men came and said, ‘Your Majesty, in our city there is no governor; give us some governor.’ The king gave one of his sons, saying, ‘Go. Taking him, consecrate him there, and having established places of judgment and so on, dwell there.’ They did so. The prince, through association with bad friends, became a drunkard in just a few days. Having abolished all the places of judgment and so on, surrounded by drunkards in the middle of the city, he passed the time drinking liquor, delighting in dancing, singing, and other such pleasures. Then, they came and reported to the king.

ရာဇာ ဧကံ ပဏ္ဍိတံ အမစ္စံ အာဏာပေသိ – ‘‘ဂစ္ဆ ကုမာရံ ဩဝဒိတွာ, ဝိနိစ္ဆယဋ္ဌာနာဒီနိ ကာရေတွာ, ပုန အဘိသေကံ ကတွာ, ဧဟီ’’တိ. န သက္ကာ, ဒေဝ, ကုမာရံ ဩဝဒိတုံ, စဏ္ဍော ကုမာရော ဃာတေယျာပိ မန္တိ. အထေကံ ဗလသမ္ပန္နံ ယောဓံ အာဏာပေသိ – ‘‘တွံ ဣမိနာ သဒ္ဓိံ ဂန္တွာ သစေ သော ဩဝါဒေ န တိဋ္ဌတိ, သီသမဿ ဆိန္ဒာဟီ’’တိ. ဣတိ သော အမစ္စော ယောဓော စာတိ ဣဒံ သီဃံ ဒူတယုဂံ တတ္ထ ဂန္တွာ ဒေါဝါရိကံ ပုစ္ဆိ – ‘‘ကဟံ, ဘော, နဂရဿ သာမိ ကုမာရော’’တိ. ဧသ မဇ္ဈေသိင်္ဃာဋကေ သုရံ ပိဝန္တော ဓုတ္တပရိဝါရိတော ဂီတာဒိရတိံ အနုဘောန္တော နိသိန္နောတိ. အထ တံ ဒူတယုဂံ ဂန္တွာ အမစ္စော တာဝေတ္ထ, ‘‘သာမိ, ဝိနိစ္ဆယဋ္ဌာနာဒီနိ ကိရ ကာရေတွာ သာဓုကံ ရဇ္ဇံ အနုသာသာ’’တိ အာဟ. ကုမာရော အသုဏန္တော ဝိယ နိသီဒိ. အထ နံ ယောဓော သီသေ ဂဟေတွာ, ‘‘သစေ ရညော အာဏံ ကရောသိ, ကရ, နော စေ, ဧတ္ထေဝ တေ သီသံ ပါတေဿာမီ’’တိ ခဂ္ဂံ အဗ္ဗာဟိ. ပရိစာရကာ ဓုတ္တာ တာဝဒေဝ ဒိသာသု ပလာယိံသု. ကုမာရော ဘီတော သာသနံ သမ္ပဋိစ္ဆိ. အထဿ တေ တတ္ထေဝ အဘိသေကံ ကတွာ သေတစ္ဆတ္တံ ဥဿာပေတွာ ‘‘သမ္မာ ရဇ္ဇံ အနုသာသာဟီ’’တိ ရညာ ဝုတ္တံ ယထာဘူတဝစနံ နိယျာတေတွာ ယထာဂတမဂ္ဂမေဝ ပဋိပဇ္ဇိံသု. ဣမမတ္ထံ အာဝိကရောန္တော ဘဂဝါ ‘‘ပုရတ္ထိမာယ ဒိသာယာ’’တိ အာဟ.

The king ordered a wise minister: ‘Go, admonish the prince, have the places of judgment and so on established, perform the consecration again, and come back.’ The minister replied, ‘It is not possible, Your Majesty, to admonish the prince. The prince is fierce; he might even kill me.’ Then the king ordered a strong warrior: ‘You go with this man, and if the prince does not abide by the admonition, cut off his head.’ Thus, that minister and the warrior, this swift pair of messengers, went there and asked the gatekeeper: ‘Where, sir, is the prince, the lord of the city?’ He informed them: ‘He is seated at the crossroads in the middle of the city, drinking liquor, surrounded by drunkards, experiencing delight in singing and other such pleasures.’ Then that pair of messengers went there, and the minister first said: ‘Lord, it is said you should have the places of judgment and so on established and rule the kingdom well.’ The prince sat as if not hearing. Then the warrior, seizing him by the head, said: ‘If you will carry out the king's command, do so. If not, I will make your head fall right here,’ and unsheathed his sword. The attendant drunkards immediately fled in all directions. The prince, being frightened, accepted the instruction. Then they, right there, having performed his consecration and raised the white parasol, delivered the king's message, the words as they truly were—‘Rule the kingdom righteously’—and returned by the very path they had come. Making this meaning clear, the Blessed One said, ‘From the eastern direction...’

တတြိဒံ ဩပမ္မသံသန္ဒနံ – သမိဒ္ဓမဟာနဂရံ ဝိယ ဟိ နိဗ္ဗာနနဂရံ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗံ, သတ္တရတနသမန္နာဂတော ရာဇာ စက္ကဝတ္တိ ဝိယ သတ္တဗောဇ္ဈင်္ဂရတနသမန္နာဂတော ဓမ္မရာဇာ သမ္မာသမ္ဗုဒ္ဓေါ, ပစ္စန္တိမနဂရံ ဝိယ သက္ကာယနဂရံ, တသ္မိံ နဂရေ ကူဋရာဇပုတ္တော ဝိယ ဣမဿ ဘိက္ခုနော ကူဋစိတ္တုပ္ပာဒေါ, ကူဋရာဇပုတ္တဿ ဓုတ္တေဟိ ပရိဝါရိတကာလော ဝိယ ဣမဿ ဘိက္ခုနော ပဉ္စဟိ နီဝရဏေဟိ သမင်္ဂိကာလော, ဒွေ သီဃဒူတာ ဝိယ သမထကမ္မဋ္ဌာနဉ္စ ဝိပဿနာကမ္မဋ္ဌာနဉ္စ, မဟာယောဓေန သီသေ ဂဟိတကာလော ဝိယ ဥပ္ပန္နပဌမဇ္ဈာနသမာဓိနာ [Pg.104] နိစ္စလံ ကတွာ စိတ္တဂ္ဂဟိတကာလော, ယောဓေန သီသေ ဂဟိတမတ္တေ ဓုတ္တာနံ ဒိသာသု ပလာယိတွာ ဒူရီဘာဝေါ ဝိယ ပဌမဇ္ဈာနမှိ ဥပ္ပန္နမတ္တေ နီဝရဏာနံ ဒူရီဘာဝေါ, ‘‘ကရိဿာမိ ရညော သာသန’’န္တိ သမ္ပဋိစ္ဆိတမတ္တေ ဝိဿဋ္ဌကာလော ဝိယ ဈာနတော ဝုဋ္ဌိတကာလော, အမစ္စေန ရညော သာသနံ အာရောစိတကာလော ဝိယ သမာဓိနာ စိတ္တံ ကမ္မနိယံ ကတွာ ဝိပဿနာကမ္မဋ္ဌာနဿ ဝဍ္ဎိတကာလော, တတ္ထေဝဿ တေဟိ ဒွီဟိ ဒူတေဟိ ကတာဘိသေကဿ သေတစ္ဆတ္တဥဿာပနံ ဝိယ သမထဝိပဿနာကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ နိဿာယ အရဟတ္တပ္ပတ္တဿ ဝိမုတ္တိသေတစ္ဆတ္တုဿာပနံ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ.

Herein is the connection of the simile: The city of Nibbāna should be seen as the prosperous great city. The Dhamma King, the Perfectly Enlightened One, endowed with the seven treasures of the enlightenment factors, should be seen as the wheel-turning monarch endowed with the seven treasures. The city of individuality should be seen as the frontier city. The arising of a deceitful mind in this monk should be seen as the deceitful prince in that city. The time when this monk is endowed with the five hindrances should be seen as the time the deceitful prince was surrounded by drunkards. The serenity meditation subject and the insight meditation subject should be seen as the two swift messengers. The time of grasping the mind, having made it unshakable with the concentration of the first jhāna that has arisen, should be seen as the time the great warrior seized the head. The state of the hindrances being far away just as the first jhāna has arisen should be seen as the state of the drunkards being far away, having fled in all directions, just as the warrior seized the head. The time of emerging from jhāna should be seen as the time of being released just upon accepting, 'I will carry out the king's instruction.' The time of developing the insight meditation subject, having made the mind workable with concentration, should be seen as the time the minister announced the king's instruction. The raising of the white parasol of liberation for one who has attained Arahantship by relying on the serenity and insight meditation subjects should be understood as the raising of the white parasol for that prince who was consecrated right there by those two messengers.

နဂရန္တိ ခေါ ဘိက္ခု ဣမဿေတံ စာတုမဟာဘူတိကဿ ကာယဿ အဓိဝစနန္တိအာဒီသု ပန စာတုမဟာဘူတိကဿာတိအာဒီနံ ပဒါနံ အတ္ထော ဟေဋ္ဌာ ဝိတ္ထာရိတောဝ. ကေဝလံ ပန ဝိညာဏရာဇပုတ္တဿ နိဝါသဋ္ဌာနတ္တာ ဧတ္ထ ကာယော ‘‘နဂရ’’န္တိ ဝုတ္တော, တဿေဝ ဒွါရဘူတတ္တာ ဆ အာယတနာနိ ‘‘ဒွါရာနီ’’တိ, တေသု ဒွါရေသု နိစ္စံ သုပ္ပတိဋ္ဌိတတ္တာ သတိ ‘‘ဒေါဝါရိကော’’တိ, ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ အာစိက္ခန္တေန ဓမ္မရာဇေန ပေသိတတ္တာ သမထဝိပဿနာ ‘‘သီဃံ ဒူတယုဂ’’န္တိ. ဧတ္ထ မဟာယောဓော ဝိယ သမထော, ပဏ္ဍိတာမစ္စော ဝိယ ဝိပဿနာ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ.

'City,' O bhikkhu, is a designation for this body made of the four great elements. However, as for the meaning of the words beginning with 'of the one made of the four great elements,' it has already been explained in detail below. But merely because it is the dwelling place for the prince that is consciousness, the body is here called a 'city.' Because they are the doors to that very body, the six sense bases are called 'doors.' Because it is always well-established at those doors, mindfulness is called the 'gatekeeper.' Because they are sent by the Dhamma King who points out the meditation subject, serenity and insight are called the 'swift pair of messengers.' Herein, serenity should be known as the great warrior, and insight should be known as the wise minister.

မဇ္ဈေ သိင်္ဃာဋကောတိ နဂရမဇ္ဈေ သိင်္ဃာဋကော. မဟာဘူတာနန္တိ ဟဒယဝတ္ထုဿ နိဿယဘူတာနံ မဟာဘူတာနံ. ဝတ္ထုရူပဿ ဟိ ပစ္စယဒဿနတ္ထမေဝေတံ စတုမဟာဘူတဂ္ဂဟဏံ ကတံ. နဂရမဇ္ဈေ ပန သော ရာဇကုမာရော ဝိယ သရီရမဇ္ဈေ ဟဒယရူပသိင်္ဃာဋကေ နိသိန္နော သမထဝိပဿနာဒူတေဟိ အရဟတ္တာဘိသေကေန အဘိသိဉ္စိတဗ္ဗော ဝိပဿနာဝိညာဏရာဇပုတ္တော ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗော. နိဗ္ဗာနံ ပန ယထာဘူတသဘာဝံ အကုပ္ပံ အဓိကာရီတိ ကတွာ ယထာဘူတံ ဝစနန္တိ ဝုတ္တံ. အရိယမဂ္ဂေါ ပန ယာဒိသောဝ ပုဗ္ဗဘာဂဝိပဿနာမဂ္ဂေါ, အယမ္ပိ အဋ္ဌင်္ဂသမန္နာဂတတ္တာ တာဒိသောယေဝါတိ ကတွာ ယထာဂတမဂ္ဂေါတိ ဝုတ္တော. ဣဒံ တာဝေတ္ထ ဓမ္မဒေသနတ္ထံ အာဘတာယ ဥပမာယ သံသန္ဒနံ.

'At the crossroads in the middle' means a crossroads in the middle of the city. 'Of the great elements' refers to the great elements that are the support for the heart-base. Indeed, this taking of the four great elements is done only for the purpose of showing the condition for the physical base. However, like that prince in the middle of the city, the prince that is insight-consciousness—seated at the crossroads of the heart-material in the middle of the body, to be consecrated with the consecration of Arahantship by the messengers of serenity and insight—should be seen. Furthermore, Nibbāna is called 'the word as it truly is' because it establishes its unshakeable, true nature. The noble path, however, is called 'the path as it has come' because, just as the preliminary insight path is, this noble path too, being endowed with the eight factors, is just like that. This, firstly, is the connection with the simile brought for the purpose of teaching the Dhamma.

တဿေဝတ္ထဿ ပါကဋီကရဏတ္ထံ အာဘတပက္ခေ ပန ဣဒံ သံသန္ဒနံ – ဧတ္ထ ဟိ ဆဒွါရူပမာ ဆဖဿာယတနဝသေန ဒဿနဝိသုဒ္ဓိပတ္တံ ခီဏာသဝံ ဒဿေတုံ [Pg.105] အာဘတာ, နဂရသာမိဥပမာ ပဉ္စက္ခန္ဓဝသေန, သိင်္ဃာဋကူပမာ စတုမဟာဘူတဝသေန, နဂရူပမာ တေဘူမကဓမ္မဝသေန ဒဿနဝိသုဒ္ဓိပတ္တံ ခီဏာသဝံ ဒဿေတုံ အာဘတာ. သင်္ခေပတော ပနိမသ္မိံ သုတ္တေ စတုသစ္စမေဝ ကထိတံ. သကလေနပိ ဟိ နဂရသမ္ဘာရေန ဒုက္ခသစ္စမေဝ ကထိတံ, ယထာဘူတဝစနေန နိရောဓသစ္စံ, ယထာဂတမဂ္ဂေန မဂ္ဂသစ္စံ, ဒုက္ခဿ ပန ပဘာဝိကာ တဏှာ သမုဒယသစ္စံ. ဒေသနာပရိယောသာနေ ပဉှပုစ္ဆကော ဘိက္ခု သောတာပတ္တိဖလေ ပတိဋ္ဌိတောတိ.

Furthermore, in the section brought forward to make that very meaning clear, this is the connection: Here, the simile of the six doors is brought to show the arahant who has attained purity of vision by way of the six sense bases; the simile of the lord of the city, by way of the five aggregates; the simile of the crossroads, by way of the four great elements; and the simile of the city, by way of the phenomena of the three planes, to show the arahant who has attained purity of vision. In brief, however, in this sutta only the four truths are taught. For by the entire city-equipment, only the truth of suffering is stated; by the phrase 'as it truly is,' the truth of cessation; by 'the path as it has come,' the truth of the path; and craving, the producer of suffering, is the truth of the origin. At the end of the teaching, the monk who asked the question was established in the fruit of stream-entry.

၉. ဝီဏောပမသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

9. Explanation of the Vīṇopama Sutta

၂၄၆. နဝမေ ယဿ ကဿစိ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, ဘိက္ခုဿ ဝါ ဘိက္ခုနိယာ ဝါတိ ဣဒံ သတ္ထာ ယထာ နာမ မဟာကုဋုမ္ဗိကော မဟန္တံ ကသိကမ္မံ ကတွာ, နိပ္ဖန္နသဿော ဃရဒွါရေ မဏ္ဍပံ ကတွာ, ဥဘတောသံဃဿ ဒါနံ ပဝတ္တေယျ. ကိဉ္စာပိ တေန ဥဘတောသံဃဿ ဒါနံ ပဋ္ဌပိတံ, ဒွီသု ပန ပရိသာသု သန္တပ္ပိတာသု သေသဇနမ္ပိ သန္တပ္ပေတိယေဝ, ဧဝမေဝ ဘဂဝါ သမဓိကာနိ စတ္တာရိ အသင်္ချေယျာနိ ပါရမိယော ပူရေတွာ ဗောဓိမဏ္ဍေ သဗ္ဗညုတညာဏံ အဓိဂန္တွာ ပဝတ္တိတဝရဓမ္မစက္ကော ဇေတဝနမဟာဝိဟာရေ နိသိန္နော ဘိက္ခုပရိသာယ စေဝ ဘိက္ခုနိပရိသာယ စ မဟာဓမ္မယာဂံ ယဇန္တော ဝီဏောပမသုတ္တံ အာရဘိ. တံ ပေနေတံ ကိဉ္စာပိ ဒွေ ပရိသာ သန္ဓာယ အာရဒ္ဓံ, စတုန္နမ္ပိ ပန ပရိသာနံ အဝါရိတံ. တသ္မာ သဗ္ဗေဟိပိ သောတဗ္ဗဉ္စေဝ သဒ္ဓါတဗ္ဗဉ္စ, ပရိယောဂါဟိတွာ စဿ အတ္ထရသော ဝိန္ဒိတဗ္ဗောတိ.

246. In the ninth sutta, regarding the phrase 'Whatever monk or nun, bhikkhus,' the Teacher spoke just as a great householder, having cultivated a vast field and the harvest having ripened, would set up a pavilion at his house door and offer alms to both Sanghas. Though he had established the alms-giving for both Sanghas, when the two assemblies were satisfied, he certainly satisfied the remaining people as well. In the same way, the Blessed One, having fulfilled the perfections for four incalculable aeons and more than one hundred thousand, attained omniscience at the seat of enlightenment, and having set rolling the supreme Wheel of Dhamma, while seated in the Jetavana Great Monastery, performing the great sacrifice of Dhamma for the assembly of monks and the assembly of nuns, began the Vīṇopama Sutta. And this, indeed, though commenced with the two assemblies in mind, is not restricted to them but open to all four assemblies. Therefore, all should listen to it, place faith in it, and having thoroughly penetrated it, experience the flavour of its meaning.

တတ္ထ ဆန္ဒောတိအာဒီသု ဆန္ဒော နာမ ပုဗ္ဗုပ္ပတ္တိကာ ဒုဗ္ဗလတဏှာ, သော ရဉ္ဇေတုံ န သက္ကောတိ. အပရာပရံ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇမာနာ ပန ဗလဝတဏှာ ရာဂေါ နာမ, သော ရဉ္ဇေတုံ သက္ကောတိ. ဒဏ္ဍာဒါနာဒီနိ ကာတုံ အသမတ္ထော ပုဗ္ဗုပ္ပတ္တိကော ဒုဗ္ဗလကောဓော ဒေါသော နာမ. တာနိ ကာတုံ သမတ္ထော အပရာပရုပ္ပတ္တိကော ဗလဝကောဓော ပဋိဃံ နာမ. မောဟော ပန မောဟနသမ္မောဟနဝသေန ဥပ္ပန္နံ အညာဏံ. ဧဝမေတ္ထ ပဉ္စဟိပိ ပဒေဟိ တီဏိ အကုသလမူလာနိ ဂဟိတာနိ. တေသု ဂဟိတေသု သဗ္ဗေပိ တမ္မူလကာ ကိလေသာ ဂဟိတာဝ ဟောန္တိ. ‘‘ဆန္ဒော ရာဂေါ’’တိ ဝါ ပဒဒွယေန အဋ္ဌလောဘသဟဂတစိတ္တုပ္ပာဒါ, ‘‘ဒေါသော [Pg.106] ပဋိဃ’’န္တိ ပဒဒွယေန ဒွေ ဒေါမနဿသဟဂတစိတ္တုပ္ပာဒါ, မောဟပဒေန လောဘဒေါသရဟိတာ ဒွေ ဥဒ္ဓစ္စဝိစိကိစ္ဆာသဟဂတစိတ္တုပ္ပာဒါ ဂဟိတာတိ. ဧဝံ သဗ္ဗေပိ ဒွါဒသ စိတ္တုပ္ပာဒါ ဒဿိတာဝ ဟောန္တိ.

Herein, among terms such as ‘chanda,’ ‘chanda’ is weak craving that arises first; it is not able to cause attachment. However, the strong craving arising successively is called ‘rāga’; it is able to cause attachment. The weak anger that arises first, unable to perform actions such as inflicting punishment, is called ‘dosa.’ The strong anger, arising successively and capable of performing such actions, is called ‘paṭigha.’ ‘Moha,’ however, is the ignorance that arises by way of deluding and bewildering. Thus, herein, by these five terms, the three unwholesome roots are taken. When these are taken, all defilements rooted in them are also taken. Alternatively, by the two terms ‘chanda’ and ‘rāga,’ the eight types of consciousness accompanied by greed are taken; by the two terms ‘dosa’ and ‘paṭigha,’ the two types of consciousness accompanied by displeasure are taken; by the term ‘moha,’ the two types of consciousness accompanied by restlessness and doubt, which are devoid of greed and hatred, are taken. In this way, all twelve types of unwholesome consciousness are shown.

သဘယောတိ ကိလေသစောရာနံ နိဝါသဋ္ဌာနတ္တာ သဘယော. သပ္ပဋိဘယောတိ ဝဓဗန္ဓနာဒီနံ ကာရဏတ္တာ သပ္ပဋိဘယော. သကဏ္ဋကောတိ ရာဂါဒီဟိ ကဏ္ဋကေဟိ သကဏ္ဋကော. သဂဟနောတိ ရာဂဂဟနာဒီဟိ သဂဟနော. ဥမ္မဂ္ဂေါတိ ဒေဝလောကံ ဝါ မနုဿလောကံ ဝါ နိဗ္ဗာနံ ဝါ ဂစ္ဆန္တဿ အမဂ္ဂေါ. ကုမ္မဂ္ဂေါတိ ကုစ္ဆိတဇေဂုစ္ဆိဘူတဋ္ဌာနဂမနဧကပဒိကမဂ္ဂေါ ဝိယ အပါယသမ္ပာပကတ္တာ ကုမ္မဂ္ဂေါ. ဒုဟိတိကောတိ ဧတ္ထ ဣဟိတီတိ ဣရိယနာ, ဒုက္ခာ ဣဟိတိ ဧတ္ထာတိ, ဒုဟိတိကော. ယသ္မိဉှိ မဂ္ဂေ မူလဖလာဒိခါဒနီယံ ဝါ သာယနီယံ ဝါ နတ္ထိ, တသ္မိံ ဣရိယနာ ဒုက္ခာ ဟောတိ, န သက္ကာ တံ ပဋိပဇ္ဇိတွာ ဣစ္ဆိတဋ္ဌာနံ ဂန္တုံ. ကိလေသမဂ္ဂမ္ပိ ပဋိပဇ္ဇိတွာ န သက္ကာ သမ္ပတ္တိဘဝံ ဂန္တုန္တိ ကိလေသမဂ္ဂေါ ဒုဟိတိကောတိ ဝုတ္တော. ဒွီဟိတိကောတိပိ ပါဌော, ဧသေဝတ္ထော. အသပ္ပုရိသသေဝိတောတိ ကောကာလိကာဒီဟိ အသပ္ပုရိသေဟိ သေဝိတော.

‘With fear’ (sabhayo) means it is with fear because it is the dwelling place of the thieves that are the defilements. ‘With peril’ (sappaṭibhayo) means it is with peril because it is the cause of execution, imprisonment, and so forth. ‘Thorny’ (sakaṇṭako) means it is thorny with the thorns of lust and so forth. ‘Dense’ (sagahano) means it is dense with the thickets of lust and so forth. ‘The wrong way’ (ummaggo) means it is not the path for one going to the heavenly world, the human world, or Nibbāna. ‘A bad path’ (kummaggo) means it is a bad path because, like a single-footpath going to a disgusting and repulsive place, it leads to the plane of misery. ‘Of difficult going’ (duhitiko) means: herein, ‘ihiti’ is movement (iriyanā); ‘movement is difficult (dukkhā) here (ettha)’; therefore, it is ‘duhitiko.’ For on a path where there is no edible food such as roots and fruits, movement is difficult; it is not possible to follow it and go to the desired place. Having followed the path of defilements, it is not possible to go to a fortunate existence; therefore the path of defilements is called ‘of difficult going.’ There is also the reading ‘dvīhitiko,’ which has the same meaning. ‘Frequented by ignoble persons’ (asappurisasevito) means it is frequented by ignoble persons such as Kokālika and others.

တတော စိတ္တံ နိဝါရယေတိ တေဟိ စက္ခုဝိညေယျေဟိ ရူပေဟိ တံ ဆန္ဒာဒိဝသေန ပဝတ္တစိတ္တံ အသုဘာဝဇ္ဇနာဒီဟိ ဥပါယေဟိ နိဝါရယေ. စက္ခုဒွါရသ္မိဉှိ ဣဋ္ဌာရမ္မဏေ ရာဂေ ဥပ္ပန္နေ အသုဘတော အာဝဇ္ဇန္တဿ စိတ္တံ နိဝတ္တတိ, အနိဋ္ဌာရမ္မဏေ ဒေါသေ ဥပ္ပန္နေ မေတ္တတော အာဝဇ္ဇန္တဿ စိတ္တံ နိဝတ္တတိ, မဇ္ဈတ္တာရမ္မဏေ မောဟေ ဥပ္ပန္နေ ဥဒ္ဒေသပရိပုစ္ဆံ ဂရုဝါသံ အာဝဇ္ဇန္တဿ စိတ္တံ နိဝတ္တတိ. ဧဝံ အသက္ကောန္တေန ပန သတ္ထုမဟတ္တတံ ဓမ္မဿ သွာက္ခာတတာ သံဃဿ သုပ္ပဋိပတ္တိ စ အာဝဇ္ဇိတဗ္ဗာ. သတ္ထုမဟတ္တတံ ပစ္စဝေက္ခတောပိ ဟိ ဓမ္မဿ သွာက္ခာတတံ သံဃဿ သုပ္ပဋိပတ္တိံ ပစ္စဝေက္ခတောပိ စိတ္တံ နိဝတ္တတိ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘အသုဘာဝဇ္ဇနာဒီဟိ ဥပါယေဟိ နိဝါရယေ’’တိ.

‘Then, one should restrain the mind’: from those forms cognizable by the eye, one should restrain by means such as reflection on the unlovely that mind which proceeds by way of desire and so forth. For at the eye-door, when lust has arisen toward a pleasing object, the mind turns away for one who reflects on it as unlovely. When aversion has arisen toward an unpleasing object, the mind turns away for one who reflects with loving-kindness. When delusion has arisen toward a neutral object, the mind turns away for one who reflects on learning through instruction and questioning, and dwelling with a teacher. But if one is unable to do so, then one should reflect on the greatness of the Teacher, the well-proclaimed nature of the Dhamma, and the good practice of the Sangha. Indeed, even by reflecting on the greatness of the Teacher, or by reflecting on the well-proclaimed nature of the Dhamma and the good practice of the Sangha, the mind turns away. Therefore, it was said: ‘one should restrain by means such as reflection on the unlovely.’

ကိဋ္ဌန္တိ ကိဋ္ဌဋ္ဌာနေ ဥပ္ပန္နသဿံ. သမ္ပန္နန္တိ ပရိပုဏ္ဏံ သုနိပ္ဖန္နံ. ကိဋ္ဌာဒေါတိ သဿခါဒကော. ဧဝမေဝ ခေါတိ ဧတ္ထ သမ္ပန္နကိဋ္ဌံ ဝိယ ပဉ္စ ကာမဂုဏာ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗာ, ကိဋ္ဌာဒေါ ဂေါဏော ဝိယ ကူဋစိတ္တံ, ကိဋ္ဌာရက္ခဿ ပမာဒကာလော ဝိယ ဘိက္ခုနော ဆသု ဒွါရေသု သတိံ ပဟာယ ဝိစရဏကာလော, ကိဋ္ဌာရက္ခဿ ပမာဒမာဂမ္မ ဂေါဏေန ဂဟိတဂဗ္ဘဿ ကိဋ္ဌဿ ခါဒိတတ္တာ သဿသာမိနော [Pg.107] သဿဖလာနဓိဂမော ဝိယ ဆဒွါရရက္ခိကာယ သတိယာ ဝိပ္ပဝါသမာဂမ္မ ပဉ္စကာမဂုဏံ အဿာဒေန္တေန စိတ္တေန ကုသလပက္ခဿ နာသိတတ္တာ ဘိက္ခုနော သာမညဖလာဓိဂမာဘာဝေါ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော.

‘Crop’ (kiṭṭha) means the grain grown in a cultivated place. ‘Abundant’ (sampanna) means complete, well-produced. ‘Crop-eater’ (kiṭṭhādo) means a grain-eater. Here, just so, the five strands of sensual pleasure should be seen as an abundant crop; the deceitful mind, as the crop-eating ox; the time when a monk wanders after abandoning mindfulness at the six doors, as the time of negligence for the crop-guard. Just as the crop owner fails to obtain the fruits of the crop because the ox, taking advantage of the crop-guard’s negligence, has eaten the crop with its full ear, so too, it should be understood that a monk fails to attain the fruits of the ascetic life because the wholesome side has been destroyed by the mind which, due to the absence of mindfulness that guards the six doors, savors the five strands of sensual pleasure.

ဥပရိဃဋာယန္တိ ဒွိန္နံ သိင်္ဂါနံ အန္တရေ. သုနိဂ္ဂဟိတံ နိဂ္ဂဏှေယျာတိ ဃဋာယံ ပတိဋ္ဌိတေ နာသာရဇ္ဇုကေ သုဋ္ဌု နိဂ္ဂဟိတံ ကတွာ နိဂ္ဂဏှေယျ. ဒဏ္ဍေနာတိ မုဂ္ဂရသဒိသေန ထူလဒဏ္ဍကေန. ဧဝဉှိ သော ဘိက္ခဝေ ဂေါဏောတိ ဧဝံ သော ကိဋ္ဌာရက္ခဿ ပမာဒမနွာယ ယသ္မိံ ယသ္မိံ ခဏေ ကိဋ္ဌံ ဩတရိတုကာမော ဟောတိ, တသ္မိံ တသ္မိံ ခဏေ ဧဝံ နိဂ္ဂဏှိတွာ တာဠေတွာ ဩသဇ္ဇနေန နိဗ္ဗိသေဝနဘာဝံ ဥပနီတော ဂေါဏော.

‘Uparighaṭāyaṃ’ means in the space between the two horns. ‘He should restrain it well’ means, having firmly pressed down on the nose-rope established on the yoke, he should restrain it. ‘Daṇḍena’ means with a thick stick like a mallet. ‘Thus, monks, that ox’ means: thus that ox, on account of the crop-guard's negligence, whenever it desires to enter the crop, at that very moment, having been restrained in this way, struck, and then released with threats, is brought to a state of non-transgression.

ဧဝမေဝ ခေါတိ ဣဓာပိ သမ္ပန္နကိဋ္ဌမိဝ ပဉ္စ ကာမဂုဏာ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗာ, ကိဋ္ဌာဒေါ ဝိယ ကူဋစိတ္တံ, ကိဋ္ဌာရက္ခဿ အပ္ပမာဒေါ ဝိယ ဣမဿ ဘိက္ခုနော ဆသု ဒွါရေသု သတိယာ အဝိဿဇ္ဇနံ, ဒဏ္ဍော ဝိယ သုတ္တန္တော, ဂေါဏဿ ကိဋ္ဌာဘိမုခကာလေ ဒဏ္ဍေန တာဠနံ ဝိယ စိတ္တဿ ဗဟိဒ္ဓါ ပုထုတ္တာရမ္မဏာဘိမုခကာလေ အနမတဂ္ဂိယဒေဝဒူတအာဒိတ္တအာသီဝိသူပမအနာဂတဘယာဒီသု တံ တံ သုတ္တံ အာဝဇ္ဇေတွာ စိတ္တုပ္ပာဒဿ ပုထုတ္တာရမ္မဏတော နိဝါရေတွာ မူလကမ္မဋ္ဌာနေ ဩတာရဏံ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ. တေနာဟု ပေါရာဏာ –

‘Just so’ means: here too, the five strands of sensual pleasure should be seen like an abundant crop; the deceitful mind like the crop-eating ox; this monk’s non-abandonment of mindfulness at the six sense doors like the heedfulness of the crop-guard; the suttas like the stick. Just as the ox is struck with a stick when it turns toward the crop, so too, when the mind turns outward toward diverse objects, by reflecting on those various suttas—such as the Anamatagga, the Devadūta, the Āditta, the Āsīvisūpama, the Anāgatabhaya, and so forth—one should know to prevent the arising of mind from going to those diverse objects and bring it down to the primary meditation subject. Therefore, the ancients said:

‘‘သုဘာသိတံ သုတွာ မနော ပသီဒတိ,ဒမေတိ နံ ပီတိသုခဉ္စ ဝိန္ဒတိ;

တဒဿ အာရမ္မဏေ တိဋ္ဌတေ မနော,ဂေါဏောဝ ကိဋ္ဌာဒကော ဒဏ္ဍတဇ္ဇိတော’’တိ.

“Having heard what is well-spoken, the mind becomes clear; one tames it and finds joy and happiness. Then that mind of his stands firm in its object, like a crop-eating ox, threatened by a stick.”

ဥဒုဇိတန္တိ တဇ္ဇိတံ. သုဒုဇိတန္တိ သုတဇ္ဇိတံ, သုဇိတန္တိပိ အတ္ထော. ဥဒု, သုဒူတိ ဣဒံ ပန နိပါတမတ္တမေဝ. အဇ္ဈတ္တန္တိ ဂေါစရဇ္ဈတ္တံ. သန္တိဋ္ဌတီတိအာဒီသု ပဌမဇ္ဈာနဝသေန သန္တိဋ္ဌတိ, ဒုတိယဇ္ဈာနဝသေန သန္နိသီဒတိ, တတိယဇ္ဈာနဝသေန ဧကောဒိ ဟောတိ, စတုတ္ထဇ္ဈာနဝသေန သမာဓိယတိ. သဗ္ဗမ္ပိ ဝါ ဧတံ ပဌမဇ္ဈာနဝသေန ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ. ဧတ္တာဝတာ ဟိ သမ္မာသမ္ဗုဒ္ဓေန သမထာနုရက္ခဏဣန္ဒြိယသံဝရသီလံ နာမ ကထိတံ.

‘Udujitaṃ’ means threatened. ‘Sudujitaṃ’ means well-threatened; the meaning can also be ‘well-conquered.’ ‘Udu’ and ‘sudu,’ however, are merely particles. ‘Internally’ (ajjhattaṃ) means internally within one's meditation resort. In ‘santiṭṭhati,’ etc.: by means of the first jhāna, it stands firm; by means of the second jhāna, it settles down; by means of the third jhāna, it becomes unified; by means of the fourth jhāna, it becomes concentrated. Or all of this can be understood by means of the first jhāna. For by this much, the Perfectly Self-Enlightened One has spoken of what is called the virtue of sense restraint which protects tranquility.

ရညော ဝါတိ ကဿစိဒေဝ ပစ္စန္တရညော ဝါ. သဒ္ဒံ သုဏေယျာတိ ပစ္စူသကာလေ ပဗုဒ္ဓေါ ကုသလေန ဝီဏာဝါဒကေန ဝါဒိယမာနာယ မဓုရသဒ္ဒံ သုဏေယျ. ရဇနီယောတိအာဒီသု စိတ္တံ ရဉ္ဇေတီတိ ရဇနီယော. ကာမေတဗ္ဗတာယ [Pg.108] ကမနီယော. စိတ္တံ မဒယတီတိ မဒနီယော. စိတ္တံ မုစ္ဆိတံ ဝိယ ကရဏတော မုစ္ဆိယတီတိ မုစ္ဆနီယော. အာဗန္ဓိတွာ ဝိယ ဂဟဏတော ဗန္ဓတီတိ ဗန္ဓနီယော. အလံ မေ, ဘောတိ ဝီဏာယ သဏ္ဌာနံ ဒိသွာ တံ အနိစ္ဆန္တော ဧဝမာဟ. ဥပဓာရဏေတိ ဝေဋ္ဌကေ. ကောဏန္တိ စတုရဿံ သာရဒဏ္ဍကံ.

'Or of a king' means of some border-region king. 'He might hear a sound' means: awakening at dawn, he might hear the sweet sound of a lute being played by a skilled lute-player. In 'rajanīya,' etc.: it causes attachment in the mind, thus it is 'rajanīya' (causing attachment). Because it is desirable, it is 'kamanīya' (desirable). It intoxicates the mind, thus it is 'madanīya' (intoxicating). Because it makes the mind as if to swoon, it is 'mucchanīya' (stupefying). Because it grasps as if binding, it is 'bandhanīya' (binding). 'Enough for me, sir': seeing the form of the lute and not desiring it, he spoke thus. 'Upadhāraṇe' means the tuning pegs. 'Koṇaṃ' means the four-sided plectrum made of heartwood.

သော တံ ဝီဏန္တိ သော ရာဇာ ‘‘အာဟရထ နံ ဝီဏံ, အဟမဿာ သဒ္ဒံ ပသိဿာမီ’’တိ တံ ဝီဏံ ဂဟေတွာ. ဒသဓာ ဝါတိအာဒီသု ပဌမံ တာဝ ဒသဓာ ဖာလေယျ, အထဿာ သဒ္ဒံ အပဿန္တော သတဓာ ဖာလေယျ, တထာပိ အပဿန္တော သကလိကံ သကလိကံ ကရေယျ, တထာပိ အပဿန္တော ‘‘သကလိကာ ဈာယိဿန္တိ, သဒ္ဒေါ ပန နိက္ခမိတွာ ပလာယိဿတိ, တဒါ နံ ပဿိဿာမီ’’တိ အဂ္ဂိနာ ဍဟေယျ. တထာပိ အပဿန္တော ‘‘သလ္လဟုကာနိ မသိစုဏ္ဏာနိ ဝါတေန ဘဿိဿန္တိ, သဒ္ဒေါ သာရဓညံ ဝိယ ပါဒမူလေ ပတိဿတိ, တဒါ နံ ပဿိဿာမီ’’တိ မဟာဝါတေ ဝါ ဩဖုနေယျ. တထာပိ အပဿန္တော ‘‘မသိစုဏ္ဏာနိ ယထောဒကံ ဂမိဿန္တိ, သဒ္ဒေါ ပန ပါရံ ဂစ္ဆန္တော ပုရိသော ဝိယ နိက္ခမိတွာ တရိဿတိ, တဒါ နံ ပဿိဿာမီ’’တိ နဒိယာ ဝါ သီဃသောတာယ ပဝါဟေယျ.

'So taṃ vīṇaṃ' means: that king, saying, 'Bring that lute, I will see its sound,' took that lute. In 'dasadhā vā,' etc.: first, he would split it into ten parts. Then, not seeing its sound, he would split it into a hundred parts. Still not seeing its sound, he would break it into tiny pieces. Still not seeing it, thinking, 'The pieces will burn, but the sound will come out and flee; then I will see it,' he would burn it with fire. Still not seeing it, thinking, 'The very light ash powders will be scattered by the wind, but the sound will fall at my feet like solid grain; then I will see it,' he would winnow it in a great wind. Still not seeing it, thinking, 'The ash powders will go with the water, but the sound will come out and cross over like a man going to the far shore; then I will see it,' he would set it adrift in a swift-flowing river.

ဧဝံ ဝဒေယျာတိ သဗ္ဗေဟိပိမေဟိ ဥပါယေဟိ အပဿန္တော တေ မနုဿေ ဧဝံ ဝဒေယျ. အသတီ ကိရာယန္တိ အသတီ ကိရ အယံ ဝီဏာ, လာမိကာတိ အတ္ထော. အသတီတိ လာမကာဓိဝစနမေတံ. ယထာဟ –

'Thus he would say' means: not seeing the sound by all these means, he would say thus to those people. 'Asatī kirāyaṃ' means: 'Surely, this lute is insubstantial,' the meaning is that it is inferior. This term 'asatī' is a designation for what is inferior. As it is said:

‘‘အသာ လောကိတ္ထိယော နာမ, ဝေလာ တာသံ န ဝိဇ္ဇတိ;

သာရတ္တာ စ ပဂဗ္ဘာ စ, သိခီ သဗ္ဗဃသော ယထာ’’တိ. (ဇာ. ၁.၁.၆၁);

“In this world, women are called 'asā' (worthless); for them, no boundary exists. They are passionate and bold, like an all-consuming fire.”

ယထေဝံ ယံကိဉ္စိ ဝီဏာ နာမာတိ န ကေဝလဉ္စ ဝီဏာယေဝ လာမိကာ, ယထေဝ ပန အယံ ဝီဏာ နာမ, ဧဝံ ယံကိဉ္စိ အညမ္ပိ တန္တိဗဒ္ဓံ, သဗ္ဗံ တံ လာမကမေဝါတိ အတ္ထော. ဧဝမေဝ ခေါတိ ဧတ္ထ ဝီဏာ ဝိယ ပဉ္စက္ခန္ဓာ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗာ, ရာဇာ ဝိယ ယောဂါဝစရော. ယထာ သော ရာဇာ တံ ဝီဏံ ဒသဓာ ဖာလနတော ပဋ္ဌာယ ဝိစိနန္တော သဒ္ဒံ အဒိသွာ ဝီဏာယ အနတ္ထိကော ဟောတိ, ဧဝံ ယောဂါဝစရော ပဉ္စက္ခန္ဓေ သမ္မသန္တော အဟန္တိ ဝါ မမန္တိ ဝါ ဂဟေတဗ္ဗံ အပဿန္တော ခန္ဓေဟိ အနတ္ထိကော ဟောတိ. တေနဿ တံ ခန္ဓသမ္မသနံ [Pg.109] ဒဿေန္တော ရူပံ သမနွေသတိ ယာဝတာ ရူပဿ ဂတီတိအာဒိမာဟ.

Just as whatever is called a lute: the meaning is that it is not merely the lute alone that is inferior, but just as this thing called a lute is inferior, so too is any other stringed instrument; all of it is simply inferior. In the same way, here the five aggregates should be seen as like the lute, and the yogi practitioner as like the king. Just as that king, searching from the splitting of the lute into ten parts onwards, does not see any sound and becomes disinterested in the lute, so too the yogi practitioner, scrutinizing the five aggregates, not seeing anything to be grasped as 'I' or 'mine,' becomes disinterested in the aggregates. Therefore, showing that scrutinizing of the aggregates, the Blessed One said, 'He investigates form as far as the range of form,' and so on.

တတ္ထ သမနွေသတီတိ ပရိယေသတိ. ယာဝတာ ရူပဿ ဂတီတိ ယတ္တကာ ရူပဿ ဂတိ. တတ္ထ ဂတီတိ ဂတိဂတိ, သဉ္ဇာတိဂတိ, သလက္ခဏဂတိ, ဝိဘဝဂတိ, ဘေဒဂတီတိ ပဉ္စဝိဓာ ဟောန္တိ. တတ္ထ ဣဒံ ရူပံ နာမ ဟေဋ္ဌာ အဝီစိပရိယန္တံ ကတွာ ဥပရိ အကနိဋ္ဌဗြဟ္မလောကံ အန္တော ကတွာ ဧတ္ထန္တရေ သံသရတိ ဝတ္တတိ, အယမဿ ဂတိဂတိ နာမ.

Therein, 'samanvesati' means 'pariyesati' (he seeks/investigates). 'Yāvatā rūpassa gati' (as far as the range of form) means 'yattakā rūpassa gati' (whatever is the range of form). Therein, 'gati' (range) is of five kinds: gatigati (range of destination), sañjātigati (range of origin), salakkhaṇagati (range of characteristics), vibhavagati (range of dissolution), and bhedagati (range of breaking apart). Among these, this thing called form, having the Avīci hell as its lower limit and the Akaniṭṭha brahma world as its upper limit, wanders and occurs within this space. This is called its 'gatigati' (range of destination).

အယံ ပန ကာယော နေဝ ပဒုမဂဗ္ဘေ, န ပုဏ္ဍရီကနီလုပ္ပလာဒီသု သဉ္ဇာယတိ, အာမာသယပက္ကာသယာနံ ပန အန္တရေ ဗဟလန္ဓကာရေ ဒုဂ္ဂန္ဓပဝနဝိစရိတေ ပရမဇေဂုစ္ဆေ ဩကာသေ ပူတိမစ္ဆာဒီသု ကိမိ ဝိယ သဉ္ဇာယတိ, အယံ ရူပဿ သဉ္ဇာတိဂတိ နာမ.

This body, however, does not arise in the heart of a lotus, nor among white lotuses, blue lotuses, and so on. Rather, it arises in the space between the stomach and the intestines, in a place of thick darkness, pervaded by foul-smelling winds, a most disgusting location, like a worm in rotting fish and the like. This is called the 'sañjātigati' (range of origin) of form.

ဒုဝိဓံ ပန ရူပဿ လက္ခဏံ, ‘‘ရုပ္ပတီတိ ခေါ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, တသ္မာ ရူပ’’န္တိ (သံ. နိ. ၃.၇၉) ဧဝံ ဝုတ္တ ရုပ္ပနသင်္ခါတံ ပစ္စတ္တလက္ခဏဉ္စ အနိစ္စာဒိဘေဒံ သာမညလက္ခဏဉ္စ, အယမဿ သလက္ခဏဂတိ နာမ.

Furthermore, the characteristic of form is twofold: the individual characteristic, designated as 'affliction' as stated in the passage, 'It is afflicted, O monks, therefore it is called form'; and the general characteristic, which has divisions such as impermanence. This is called its 'salakkhaṇagati' (range of characteristics).

‘‘ဂတိ မိဂါနံ ပဝနံ, အာကာသော ပက္ခိနံ ဂတိ;

ဝိဘဝေါ ဂတိ ဓမ္မာနံ, နိဗ္ဗာနံ အရဟတော ဂတီ’’တိ. (ပရိ. ၃၃၉) –

“The forest is the destination of beasts, the sky is the destination of birds; dissolution is the destination of phenomena, Nibbāna is the destination of the Arahant.”

ဧဝံ ဝုတ္တော ရူပဿ အဘာဝေါ ဝိဘဝဂတိ နာမ. ယော ပနဿ ဘေဒေါ, အယံ ဘေဒဂတိ နာမ. ဝေဒနာဒီသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော. ကေဝလဉှေတ္ထ ဥပရိ ယာဝ ဘဝဂ္ဂါ တေသံ သဉ္ဇာတိဂတိ, သလက္ခဏဂတိယဉ္စ ဝေဒယိတသဉ္ဇာနနအဘိသင်္ခရဏဝိဇာနနဝသေန ပစ္စတ္တလက္ခဏံ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ.

Thus spoken, the absence of form is called the 'vibhavagati' (range of dissolution). Furthermore, its breaking apart is called the 'bhedagati' (range of breaking apart). In regard to feeling and so on, this same method applies. However, herein, their 'sañjātigati' (range of origin) should be understood as extending up to the peak of existence. And in the 'salakkhaṇagati' (range of characteristics), the individual characteristic should be understood by way of feeling, perceiving, forming, and cognizing.

တမ္ပိ တဿ န ဟောတီတိ ယဒေတံ ရူပါဒီသု အဟန္တိ ဝါ မမန္တိ ဝါ အသ္မီတိ ဝါ ဧဝံ နိဒ္ဒိဋ္ဌံ ဒိဋ္ဌိတဏှာမာနဂ္ဂါဟတ္တယံ, တမ္ပိ တဿ ခီဏာသဝဿ န ဟောတီတိ ယထာနုသန္ဓိနာဝ သုတ္တာဂတံ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ မဟာအဋ္ဌကထာယံ –

As for the phrase 'That too does not occur for him': whatever triad of grasping—by view, craving, and conceit—is indicated in regard to forms and so on as 'I,' 'mine,' or 'I am,' that triad of grasping does not occur for him, the one whose cankers are destroyed. Thus it comes in the sutta in its proper sequence. Therefore, it is said in the Great Commentary:

‘‘အာဒိမှိ သီလံ ကထိတံ, မဇ္ဈေ သမာဓိဘာဝနာ;

ပရိယောသာနေ စ နိဗ္ဗာနံ, ဧသာ ဝီဏောပမာ ကထာ’’တိ.

“In the beginning, morality is taught; in the middle, the development of concentration; and at the end, Nibbāna. This is the discourse with the simile of the lute.”

၁၀. ဆပ္ပာဏကောပမသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

10. Commentary on the Discourse on the Simile of the Six Animals

၂၄၇. ဒသမေ [Pg.110] အရုဂတ္တောတိ ဝဏသရီရော. တေသံယေဝ အရူနံ ပက္ကတ္တာ ပက္ကဂတ္တော. သရဝနန္တိ ကဏ္ဍဝနံ. ဧဝမေဝ ခေါတိ အရုဂတ္တော ပုရိသော ဝိယ ဒုဿီလပုဂ္ဂလော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. တဿ ကုသကဏ္ဋကေဟိ ဝိဒ္ဓဿ သရပတ္တေဟိ စ အသိဓာရူပမေဟိ ဝိလိခိတဂတ္တဿ ဘိယျောသောမတ္တာယ ဒုက္ခဒေါမနဿံ ဝိယ တတ္ထ တတ္ထ သဗြဟ္မစာရီဟိ ‘‘အယံ သော ဣမေသဉ္စ ဣမေသဉ္စ ကမ္မာနံ ကာရကော’’တိ ဝုစ္စမာနဿ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇနဒုက္ခံ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ.

10. In the tenth sutta, 'arugatto' means one with a body of sores. Because those very sores have festered, he is 'pakkagatto' (one with a festering body). 'Saravanaṃ' means a forest of arrow-reeds. Just so, an immoral person is to be understood as being like a man with a body of sores. Just as there is pain and displeasure beyond measure for one whose body is pierced by reed-thorns and scraped by reed-leaves that are like sword-blades, so too the suffering that arises for an immoral person when censured by his companions in the holy life here and there, saying, 'This is the one who does these and those deeds,' should be understood.

လဘတိ ဝတ္တာရန္တိ လဘတိ စောဒကံ. ဧဝံကာရီတိ ဧဝရူပါနံ ဝေဇ္ဇကမ္မဒူတကမ္မာဒီနံ ကာရကော. ဧဝံသမာစာရောတိ ဝိဓဝါ ဂေါစရာဒိဝသေန ဧဝရူပဂေါစရော. အသုစိဂါမကဏ္ဋကောတိ အသုဒ္ဓဋ္ဌေန အသုစိ, ဂါမဝါသီနံ ဝိဇ္ဈနဋ္ဌေန ကဏ္ဋကောတိ ဂါမကဏ္ဋကော.

247. 'Labhati vattāraṃ' means he gets a reprover. 'Evaṃkārī' means he is a doer of such things as the work of a physician, the work of a messenger, and so on. 'Evaṃsamācāro' means his resort is of such a nature, by way of resorting to widows and the like. 'Asucigāmakaṇṭako' means he is impure (asuci) in the sense of being unclean, and a village-thorn (gāmakaṇṭako) in the sense of piercing the village-dwellers.

ပက္ခိန္တိ ဟတ္ထိသောဏ္ဍသကုဏံ. ဩဿဇ္ဇေယျာတိ ဝိဿဇ္ဇေယျ. အာဝိဉ္ဆေယျုန္တိ အာကဍ္ဎေယျုံ. ပဝေက္ခာမီတိ ပဝိသိဿာမိ. အာကာသံ ဍေဿာမီတိ အာကာသံ ဥပ္ပတိဿာမိ.

Pakkhin means the hatthiliṅga bird. Ossajjeyya means one should release. Āviñcheyyuṃ means they would pull. Pavekkhāmi means I will enter. Ākāsaṃ ḍessāmi means I will fly into the sky.

ဧတေသု ပန အဟိ ‘‘ဘောဂေဟိ မဏ္ဍလံ ဗန္ဓိတွာ သုပိဿာမီ’’တိ ဝမ္မိကံ ပဝိသိတုကာမော ဟောတိ. သုသုမာရော ‘‘ဒူရေ ဗိလံ ပဝိသိတွာ နိပဇ္ဇိဿာမီ’’တိ ဥဒကံ ပဝိသိတုကာမော ဟောတိ. ပက္ခီ ‘‘အဇဋာကာသေ သုခံ ဝိစရိဿာမီ’’တိ အာကာသံ ဍေတုကာမော ဟောတိ. ကုက္ကုရော ‘‘ဥဒ္ဓနဋ္ဌာနေ ဆာရိကံ ဗျူဟိတွာ ဥသုမံ ဂဏှန္တော နိပဇ္ဇိဿာမီ’’တိ ဂါမံ ပဝိသိတုကာမော ဟောတိ. သိင်္ဂါလော ‘‘မနုဿမံသံ ခါဒိတွာ ပိဋ္ဌိံ ပသာရေတွာ သယိဿာမီ’’တိ အာမကသုသာနံ ပဝိသိတုကာမော ဟောတိ. မက္ကဋော ‘‘ဥစ္စေ ရုက္ခေ အဘိရုဟိတွာ ဒိသာဒိသံ ပက္ခန္ဒိဿာမီ’’တိ ဝနံ ပဝိသိတုကာမော ဟောတိ.

Furthermore, among these, the snake, thinking, 'I will sleep, having formed a coil with my body,' desires to enter an anthill. The crocodile, thinking, 'I will lie down, having entered a hole in the deep,' desires to enter the water. The bird, thinking, 'I will roam happily in the open sky,' desires to fly into the sky. The dog, thinking, 'I will lie down, taking warmth after scattering the ashes in the hearth,' desires to enter the village. The jackal, thinking, 'I will sleep, having stretched out my back after eating human flesh,' desires to enter a charnel ground for uncremated bodies. The monkey, thinking, 'I will leap from one direction to another, having climbed a tall tree,' desires to enter the forest.

အနုဝိဓာယေယျုန္တိ အနုဂစ္ဆေယျုံ, အနုဝိဓိယေယျုန္တိပိ ပါဌော, အနုဝိဓာနံ အာပဇ္ဇေယျုန္တိ အတ္ထော. ယတ္ထ သော ယာတိ, တတ္ထေဝ ဂစ္ဆေယျုန္တိ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ. ဧဝမေဝါတိ ဧတ္ထ ဆ ပါဏကာ ဝိယ ဆာယတနာနိ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗာနိ, ဒဠှရဇ္ဇု ဝိယ တဏှာ, မဇ္ဈေ ဂဏ္ဌိ ဝိယ အဝိဇ္ဇာ. ယသ္မိံ ယသ္မိံ ဒွါရေ အာရမ္မဏံ ဗလဝံ ဟောတိ, တံ တံ အာယတနံ တသ္မိံ တသ္မိံ အာရမ္မဏေ အာဝိဉ္ဆတိ.

Anuvidhāyeyyuṃ means they would follow after. There is also the reading anuvidhiyeyyuṃ. The meaning is that they would fall into line with the stronger one. It means that wherever that one goes, to that very place they would go. Just so, herein the six animals are to be seen as the six sense bases, craving as the strong rope, and ignorance as the knot in the middle. At whichever sense-door an object is powerful, that sense base pulls one towards that object.

ဣမံ [Pg.111] ပန ဥပမံ ဘဂဝါ သရိက္ခကေန ဝါ အာဟရေယျ အာယတနာနံ ဝါ နာနတ္တဒဿနဝသေန. တတ္ထ သရိက္ခကေန တာဝ ဝိသုံ အပ္ပနာကိစ္စံ နတ္ထိ, ပါဠိယံယေဝ အပ္ပိတာ. အာယတနာနံ နာနတ္တဒဿနေန ပန အယံ အပ္ပနာ – အဟိ နာမေသ ဗဟိ သိတ္တသမ္မဋ္ဌေ ဌာနေ နာဘိရမတိ, သင်္ကာရဋ္ဌာနတိဏပဏ္ဏဂဟနဝမ္မိကာနိယေဝ ပန ပဝိသိတွာ နိပန္နကာလေ အဘိရမတိ, ဧကဂ္ဂတံ အာပဇ္ဇတိ. ဧဝမေဝ စက္ခုပေတံ ဝိသမဇ္ဈာသယံ, မဋ္ဌာသု သုဝဏ္ဏဘိတ္တိအာဒီသု နာဘိရမတိ, ဩလောကေတုမ္ပိ န ဣစ္ဆတိ, ရူပစိတ္တပုပ္ဖလတာဒိဝိစိတ္တေသုယေဝ ပန အဘိရမတိ. တာဒိသေသု ဟိ ဌာနေသု စက္ခုမှိ အပ္ပဟောန္တေ မုခမ္ပိ ဝိဝရိတွာ ဩလောကေတုကာမော ဟောတိ.

Now, the Blessed One might have brought this simile either by way of similarity or by way of showing the diversity of the sense bases. Therein, in the case of similarity, there is no separate task of application, as it is already applied in the Pāḷi text itself. However, in showing the diversity of the sense bases, this is the application: A snake, for instance, does not delight in a place outside that is sprinkled and swept smooth. Rather, it is only after entering a rubbish heap, a thicket of grass and leaves, or an anthill that it delights when lying down and attains one-pointedness. Similarly, this eye also has an inclination for the uneven. It does not delight in smooth things like golden walls and so on; it does not even wish to look. Rather, it delights only in variegated things such as painted figures, flowers, fruits, and vine patterns. Indeed, in such places, when the eye is not sufficient, one desires to look even by opening the mouth.

သုသုမာရောပိ ဗဟိ နိက္ခန္တော ဂဟေတဗ္ဗံ န ပဿတိ, အက္ခိံ နိမီလေတွာ စရတိ. ယဒါ ပန ဗျာမသတမတ္တံ ဥဒကံ ဩဂါဟိတွာ ဗိလံ ပဝိသိတွာ နိပန္နော ဟောတိ, တဒါ တဿ စိတ္တံ ဧကဂ္ဂံ ဟောတိ, သုခံ သုပတိ. ဧဝမေဝ သောတမ္ပေတံ ဗိလဇ္ဈာသယံ အာကာသသန္နိဿိတံ, ကဏ္ဏစ္ဆိဒ္ဒကူပကေယေဝ အဇ္ဈာသယံ ကရောတိ, ကဏ္ဏစ္ဆိဒ္ဒါကာသောယေဝ တဿ သဒ္ဒသဝနေ ပစ္စယော ဟောတိ. အဇဋာကာသောပိ ဝဋ္ဋတိယေဝ. အန္တောလေဏသ္မိဉှိ သဇ္ဈာယေ ကယိရမာနေ န လေဏစ္ဆဒနံ ဘိန္ဒိတွာ သဒ္ဒေါ ဗဟိ နိက္ခမတိ, ဒွါရဝါတပါနဆိဒ္ဒေဟိ ပန နိက္ခမိတွာ ဓာတုပရမ္ပရာ ဃဋ္ဋေန္တော အာဂန္တွာ သောတပသာဒံ ဃဋ္ဋေတိ. အထ တသ္မိံ ကာလေ ‘‘အသုကံ နာမ သဇ္ဈာယတီ’’တိ လေဏပိဋ္ဌေ နိသိန္နာ ဇာနန္တိ.

The crocodile, too, when it comes out, does not see what is to be grasped; it moves with its eyes closed. But when it has dived into water about a hundred fathoms deep, entered a hole, and is lying down, then its mind becomes one-pointed, and it sleeps happily. Similarly, this ear also has an inclination for a cavity, being dependent on space. It has its inclination only in the well that is the ear-hole, and the space of the ear-hole itself is the condition for its hearing of sound. Even open space is suitable. For when a recitation is being done inside a cave, the sound does not go outside by breaking through the cave's roof. Rather, having gone out through the openings of doors and windows, it comes striking the elements in succession and strikes the sensitive organ of the ear. Then, at that time, those sitting outside the cave know, 'Such-and-such is being recited.'

ဧဝံ သန္တေ သမ္ပတ္တဂေါစရတာ ဟောတိ, ကိံ ပနေတံ သမ္ပတ္တဂေါစရန္တိ? အာမ သမ္ပတ္တဂေါစရံ. ယဒိ ဧဝံ ဒူရေ ဘေရိအာဒီသု ဝဇ္ဇမာနေသု ‘‘ဒူရေ သဒ္ဒေါ’’တိ ဇာနနံ န ဘဝေယျာတိ. နော န ဘဝတိ. သောတပသာဒသ္မိဉှိ ဃဋ္ဋိတေ ‘‘ဒူရေ သဒ္ဒေါ, အာသန္နေ သဒ္ဒေါ, ပရတီရေ ဩရိမတီရေ’’တိ တထာ တထာ ဇာနနာကာရော ဟောတိ, ဓမ္မတာ ဧသာတိ. ကိံ ဧတာယ ဓမ္မတာယ? ယတော ယတော ဆိဒ္ဒံ, တတော တတော သဝနံ ဟောတိ စန္ဒိမသူရိယာဒီနံ ဒဿနံ ဝိယာတိ အသမ္ပတ္တဂေါစရမေဝေတံ.

If this is so, it has the nature of taking an object that has arrived. But then, does this ear-faculty take an object that has arrived? Yes, it takes an object that has arrived. If so, then when drums and so forth are being sounded at a distance, the knowing, 'the sound is distant,' should not occur. No, it is not that it does not occur. For when the ear-sensitivity is struck, the mode of knowing arises in just such a way: 'the sound is distant,' 'the sound is near,' 'on the far shore,' 'on the near shore.' This is its nature. So it is said in the Great Commentary. What of this nature? From wherever there is an opening, from there hearing occurs, just like the seeing of the moon, sun, and so on. Therefore, this ear-faculty indeed takes an object that has not arrived.

ပက္ခီပိ ရုက္ခေ ဝါ ဘူမိယံ ဝါ န ရမတိ. ယဒါ ပန ဧကံ ဝါ ဒွေ ဝါ လေဍ္ဍုပါတေ အတိက္ကမ္မ အဇဋာကာသံ ပက္ခန္ဒော ဟောတိ, တဒါ ဧကဂ္ဂစိတ္တတံ အာပဇ္ဇတိ. ဧဝမေဝ ဃာနမ္ပိ အာကာသဇ္ဈာသယံ ဝါတူပနိဿယဂန္ဓဂေါစရံ. တထာ [Pg.112] ဟိ ဂါဝေါ နဝဝုဋ္ဌေ ဒေဝေ ဘူမိံ ဃာယိတွာ ဃာယိတွာ အာကာသာဘိမုခေါ ဟုတွာ ဝါတံ အာကဍ္ဎန္တိ. အင်္ဂုလီဟိ ဂန္ဓပိဏ္ဍံ ဂဟေတွာပိ စ ဥပသိင်္ဃနကာလေ ဝါတံ အနာကဍ္ဎန္တော နေဝ တဿ ဂန္ဓံ ဇာနာတိ.

The bird, too, does not delight in a tree or on the ground. But when, having gone beyond the distance of one or two clod-throws, it soars into the open sky, then it attains one-pointedness of mind. In the same way, the nose-faculty also has an inclination for space and has odor, which is dependent on wind, as its object. Indeed, when it has just rained, cows, having sniffed the ground again and again, face the sky and draw in the wind. And even when one has taken a lump of perfume with the fingers, if at the time of smelling one does not draw in the wind, one does not know its scent at all.

ကုက္ကုရောပိ ဗဟိ စရန္တော ခေမဋ္ဌာနံ န ပဿတိ, လေဍ္ဍုဒဏ္ဍာဒီဟိ ဥပဒ္ဒုတော ဟောတိ. အန္တောဂါမံ ပဝိသိတွာ ဥဒ္ဓနဋ္ဌာနေ ဆာရိကံ ဗျူဟိတွာ နိပန္နဿ ပနဿ ဖာသု ဟောတိ. ဧဝမေဝ ဇိဝှာပိ ဂါမဇ္ဈာသယာ အာပေါသန္နိဿိတရသာရမ္မဏာ. တထာ ဟိ တိယာမရတ္တိံ သမဏဓမ္မံ ကတွာပိ ပါတောဝ ပတ္တစီဝရမာဒါယ ဂါမံ ပဝိသိတဗ္ဗံ ဟောတိ. သုက္ခခါဒနီယဿ စ န သက္ကာ ခေဠေန အတေမိတဿ ရသံ ဇာနိတုံ.

A dog, too, wandering outside, does not see a safe place and is tormented by clods, sticks, and so on. But for it, having entered a village and scraped aside the ashes in the hearth-place, lying down is pleasant. In the same way, the tongue-faculty also has an inclination for the village and has taste, which is dependent on the water element, as its object. Indeed, even after having practiced the duties of a recluse for the three watches of the night, one should enter the village early in the morning, having taken bowl and robe. Furthermore, it is not possible to know the taste of dry food that has not been moistened by saliva.

သိင်္ဂါလောပိ ဗဟိ စရန္တော ရတိံ န ဝိန္ဒတိ, အာမကသုသာနေ မနုဿမံသံ ခါဒိတွာ နိပန္နဿေဝ ပနဿ ဖာသု ဟောတိ. ဧဝမေဝ ကာယောပိ ဥပါဒိဏ္ဏကဇ္ဈာသယော ပထဝီသန္နိဿိတဖောဋ္ဌဗ္ဗာရမ္မဏော. တထာ ဟိ အညံ ဥပါဒိဏ္ဏကံ အလဘမာနာ သတ္တာ အတ္တနောဝ ဟတ္ထတလေ သီသံ ကတွာ နိပဇ္ဇန္တိ. အဇ္ဈတ္တိကဗာဟိရာ စဿ ပထဝီ အာရမ္မဏဂ္ဂဟဏေ ပစ္စယော ဟောတိ. သုသန္ထတဿာပိ ဟိ သယနဿ ဟေဋ္ဌာဌိတာနမ္ပိ ဝါ ဖလကာနံ န သက္ကာ အနိသီဒန္တေန ဝါ အနုပ္ပီဠန္တေန ဝါ ထဒ္ဓမုဒုဘာဝေါ ဇာနိတုန္တိ အဇ္ဈတ္တိကဗာဟိရာ ပထဝီ ဧတဿ ဖောဋ္ဌဗ္ဗဇာနနေ ပစ္စယော ဟောတိ.

A jackal, too, wandering outside, does not find delight; only for one that has eaten human flesh in a charnel ground for uncremated bodies and is lying down is it pleasant. In the same way, the body-faculty also has an inclination for what is clung to and has the tangible, which is dependent on the earth element, as its object. Indeed, beings, not getting another clung-to body, lie down placing their head on their own palm. Furthermore, the internal and external earth element is a condition for its grasping of an object. For, of a well-spread bed, or of planks situated underneath, the state of hardness or softness cannot be known by one who is not sitting down or not pressing upon them. Thus, the internal and external earth element is a condition for this body-faculty in knowing the tangible.

မက္ကဋောပိ ဘူမိယံ ဝိစရန္တော နာဘိရမတိ, ဟတ္ထသတုဗ္ဗေဓံ ပနဿ ရုက္ခံ အာရုယှ ဝိဋပပိဋ္ဌေ နိသီဒိတွာ ဒိသာဝိဒိသာ ဩလောကေန္တဿေဝ ဖာသုကော ဟောတိ. ဧဝံ မနောပိ နာနဇ္ဈာသယော ဘဝင်္ဂပစ္စယော, ဒိဋ္ဌပုဗ္ဗေပိ နာနာရမ္မဏဇ္ဈာသယံ ကရောတိယေဝ မူလဘဝင်္ဂံ ပနဿ ပစ္စယော ဟောတီတိ အယမေတ္ထ သင်္ခေပေါ, ဝိတ္ထာရေန ပန အာယတနာနံ နာနတ္တံ ဝိသုဒ္ဓိမဂ္ဂေ အာယတနနိဒ္ဒေသေ ဝုတ္တမေဝ.

A monkey, too, roaming on the ground, does not delight; but for it, having climbed a tree a hundred cubits high and, having sat on a branch, looking out at the cardinal and intermediate directions is pleasant. Similarly, the mind also has various inclinations and has the life-continuum as its condition. Even regarding things previously seen, it indeed creates various inclinations towards objects, but the root life-continuum is its condition. This is the summary here. But in detail, the diversity of the sense-bases has been stated in the Visuddhimagga, in the Exposition of the Sense-Bases.

တံ စက္ခု နာဝိဉ္ဆတီတိ တဏှာရဇ္ဇုကာနံ အာယတနပါဏကာနံ ကာယဂတာသတိထမ္ဘေ ဗဒ္ဓါနံ နိဗ္ဗိသေဝနဘာဝံ အာပန္နတ္တာ နာကဍ္ဎတီတိ ဣမသ္မိံ သုတ္တေ ပုဗ္ဗဘာဂဝိပဿနာဝ ကထိတာ.

“The eye does not pull it” means: because the sense-base creatures, which have craving as their rope and are bound to the post of mindfulness directed to the body, have reached a state of non-indulgence, it does not drag them. Thus, in this sutta, only insight belonging to the preliminary part is taught.

၁၁. ယဝကလာပိသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

11. Exposition of the Yavakalāpi Sutta

၂၄၈. ဧကာဒသမေ [Pg.113] ယဝကလာပီတိ လာယိတွာ ဌပိတယဝပုဉ္ဇော. ဗျာဘင်္ဂိဟတ္ထာတိ ကာဇဟတ္ထာ. ဆဟိ ဗျာဘင်္ဂီဟိ ဟနေယျုန္တိ ဆဟိ ပုထုလကာဇဒဏ္ဍကေဟိ ပေါထေယျုံ. သတ္တမောတိ တေသု ဆသု ဇနေသု ယဝေ ပေါထေတွာ ပသိဗ္ဗကေ ပူရေတွာ အာဒါယ ဂတေသု အညော သတ္တမော အာဂစ္ဆေယျ. သုဟတတရာ အဿာတိ ယံ တတ္ထ အဝသိဋ္ဌံ အတ္ထိ ဘုသပလာပမတ္တမ္ပိ, တဿ ဂဟဏတ္ထံ သုဋ္ဌုတရံ ဟတာ.

248. In the eleventh sutta, “heap of barley” means a pile of barley that has been reaped and laid out. “With carrying poles in hand” means with well-made carrying poles in hand. “They would strike with six carrying poles” means they would beat with six thick, well-made carrying poles. “The seventh”: when those six people had threshed the barley, filled their sacks, and gone away, another, a seventh, would come. “It would be more thoroughly struck”: whatever remained there, even just chaff and straw, would be struck even more thoroughly in order to be taken.

ဧဝမေဝ ခေါတိ ဧတ္ထ စတုမဟာပထော ဝိယ ဆ အာယတနာနိ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗာနိ, စတုမဟာပထေ နိက္ခိတ္တယဝကလာပီ ဝိယ သတ္တော, ဆ ဗျာဘင်္ဂိယော ဝိယ ဣဋ္ဌာနိဋ္ဌမဇ္ဈတ္တဝသေန အဋ္ဌာရသ အာရမ္မဏာနိ, သတ္တမာ ဗျာဘင်္ဂီ ဝိယ ဘဝပတ္ထနာ ကိလေသာ. ယထာ စတုမဟာပထေ ဌပိတာ ယဝကလာပီ ဆဟိ ဗျာဘင်္ဂီဟိ ဟညတိ, ဧဝမိမေ သတ္တာ အဋ္ဌာရသဟိ အာရမ္မဏဒဏ္ဍကေဟိ ဆသု အာယတနေသု ဟညန္တိ. ယထာ သတ္တမေန သုဟတတရာ ဟောန္တိ, ဧဝံ သတ္တာ ဘဝပတ္ထနကိလေသေဟိ သုဟတတရာ ဟောန္တိ ဘဝေမူလကံ ဒုက္ခံ အနုဘဝမာနာ.

Similarly, here, the six sense bases should be seen as like the four-way crossroads. A being is like the heap of barley placed at the four-way crossroads. The eighteen sense-objects—by way of the pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral—are like the six carrying poles. The defilements of craving for existence are like the seventh carrying pole. Just as the heap of barley placed at the four-way crossroads is struck by six carrying poles, so too are these beings struck in the six sense bases by the eighteen object-sticks. And just as it is more thoroughly struck by the seventh, so too are beings more thoroughly struck by the defilements of craving for existence, experiencing suffering rooted in existence.

ဣဒါနိ နေသံ တံ ဘဝပတ္ထနကိလေသံ ဒဿေတုံ ဘူတပုဗ္ဗံ, ဘိက္ခဝေတိအာဒိမာဟ. တတြာတိ သုဓမ္မာယံ ဘုမ္မံ, သုဓမ္မာယ ဒေဝသဘာယ ဒွါရေတိ အတ္ထော. ဓမ္မိကာ ခေါ ဒေဝါတိ ဓမ္မိကာ ဧတေ ဒေဝါ နာမ, ယေဟိ မာဒိသံ အသုရာဓိပတိံ ဂဟေတွာ မယှံ ဘေဒနမတ္တမ္ပိ န ကတန္တိ သန္ဓာယ ဝဒတိ. အဓမ္မိကာ ဒေဝါတိ အဓမ္မိကာ ဧတေ ဒေဝါ နာမ, ယေ မာဒိသံ အသုရာဓိပတိံ နဝဂူထသူကရံ ဝိယ ကဏ္ဌပဉ္စမေဟိ ဗန္ဓနေဟိ ဗန္ဓိတွာ နိသီဒါပေန္တိ. ဧဝံ သုခုမံ ခေါ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, ဝေပစိတ္တိဗန္ဓနန္တိ တံ ကိရ ပဒုမနာဠသုတ္တံ ဝိယ မက္ကဋဇာလသုတ္တံ ဝိယ စ သုခုမံ ဟောတိ, ဆေတ္တုံ ပန နေဝ ဝါသိယာ န ဖရသုနာ သက္ကာ. ယသ္မာ ပန စိတ္တေနေဝ ဗဇ္ဈတိ, စိတ္တေန မုစ္စတိ, တသ္မာ ‘‘ဝေပစိတ္တိဗန္ဓန’’န္တိ ဝုတ္တံ.

Now, to show them that defilement of craving for existence, he spoke the words beginning with “Bhikkhus, in the past...” Here, “in that” (tatra) is a locative in the sense of proximity, meaning “at the door of the Sudhammā celestial assembly hall.” “Righteous are the gods” means: “These gods are indeed righteous, who, having captured a lord of asuras like me, did not inflict suffering on me even to the extent of tearing me apart”—this he says with reference to this meaning. “Unrighteous are the gods” means: “These gods are indeed unrighteous, who, having captured a lord of asuras like me, bind him with five bonds, the neck being the fifth, and make him sit like a pig that eats fresh dung.” “Thus subtle, O bhikkhus, is the binding of Vepacitti”—it is said that this binding is as fine as the fiber within a lotus stalk or a spider's web, yet it cannot be cut by an adze or an axe. But since one is bound by the mind alone and freed by the mind alone, therefore it is called “the binding of Vepacitti.”

တတော သုခုမတရံ မာရဗန္ဓနန္တိ ကိလေသဗန္ဓနံ ပနေသံ တတောပိ သုခုမတရံ, နေဝ စက္ခုဿ အာပါထံ ဂစ္ဆတိ, န ဣရိယာပထံ နိဝါရေတိ. တေန ဟိ ဗဒ္ဓါ သတ္တာ ပထဝိတလေပိ အာကာသေပိ ယောဇနသတမ္ပိ ယောဇနသဟဿမ္ပိ [Pg.114] ဂစ္ဆန္တိပိ အာဂစ္ဆန္တိပိ. ဆိဇ္ဇမာနံ ပနေတံ ဉာဏေနေဝ ဆိဇ္ဇတိ, န အညေနာတိ ‘‘ဉာဏမောက္ခံ ဗန္ဓန’’န္တိပိ ဝုစ္စတိ.

As to “The bond of Māra is even more subtle than that”: this bond of the defilements is indeed even more subtle than that. It does not come into the range of the eye, nor does it obstruct the bodily postures. Indeed, beings bound by it travel and return a hundred yojanas or even a thousand yojanas on the earth's surface and in the sky. But when it is to be cut, this bond is cut by knowledge alone, not by anything else. Therefore, it is also called “the bond from which one is freed by knowledge.”

မညမာနောတိ တဏှာဒိဋ္ဌိမာနာနံ ဝသေန ခန္ဓေ မညန္တော. ဗဒ္ဓေါ မာရဿာတိ မာရဗန္ဓနေန ဗဒ္ဓေါ. ကရဏတ္ထေ ဝါ ဧတံ သာမိဝစနံ, ကိလေသမာရေန ဗဒ္ဓေါတိ အတ္ထော. မုတ္တော ပါပိမတောတိ မာရဿ ဗန္ဓနေန မုတ္တော. ကရဏတ္ထေယေဝ ဝါ ဣဒံ သာမိဝစနံ, ပါပိမတာ ကိလေသဗန္ဓနေန မုတ္တောတိ အတ္ထော.

“Conceiving” means one who conceives the aggregates by way of craving, views, and conceit. “Bound by Māra” means bound by the bond of Māra. Or, this genitive is used in the sense of the instrumental; the meaning is: bound by the defilement-Māra. “Freed from the Evil One” means freed from the bond of Māra. Or, this genitive should be understood in the sense of the instrumental; the meaning is: freed from the evil bond of the defilements.

အသ္မီတိ ပဒေန တဏှာမညိတံ ဝုတ္တံ. အယမဟသ္မီတိ ဒိဋ္ဌိမညိတံ. ဘဝိဿန္တိ သဿတဝသေန ဒိဋ္ဌိမညိတမေဝ. န ဘဝိဿန္တိ ဥစ္ဆေဒဝသေန. ရူပီတိအာဒီနိ သဿတဿေဝ ပဘေဒဒီပနာနိ. တသ္မာတိ ယသ္မာ မညိတံ အာဗာဓံ အန္တောဒေါသနိကန္တနဝသေန ရောဂေါ စေဝ ဂဏ္ဍော စ သလ္လဉ္စ, တသ္မာ. ဣဉ္ဇိတန္တိအာဒီနိ ယသ္မာ ဣမေဟိ ကိလေသေဟိ သတ္တာ ဣဉ္ဇန္တိ စေဝ ဖန္ဒန္တိ စ ပပဉ္စိတာ စ ဟောန္တိ ပမတ္တာကာရပတ္တာ, တသ္မာ တေသံ အာကာရဒဿနတ္ထံ ဝုတ္တာနိ.

By the word “I am” is stated conceiving through craving. By “I am this” is stated conceiving through views. “Will exist” is indeed conceiving through views by way of eternalism. “Will not exist” is by way of annihilationism. Terms like “possessed of form” and so on are expositions of the varieties of eternalism itself. Therefore: because this conceiving—in the sense of being an affliction, an internal corruption, and a cutting—is a disease, a boil, and a dart, therefore... The terms “agitated” and so on are stated to show the nature of these defilements, because by these defilements beings are agitated, they tremble, they are subject to proliferation, and they fall into a state of heedlessness.

မာနဂတဝါရေ ပန မာနဿ ဂတံ မာနဂတံ, မာနပဝတ္တီတိ အတ္ထော. မာနောယေဝ မာနဂတံ ဂူထဂတံ မုတ္တဂတံ ဝိယ. တတ္ထ အသ္မီတိ ဣဒံ တဏှာယ သမ္ပယုတ္တမာနဝသေန ဝုတ္တံ. အယမဟမသ္မီတိ ဒိဋ္ဌိဝသေန. နနု စ ဒိဋ္ဌိသမ္ပယုတ္တော နာမ မာနော နတ္ထီတိ? အာမ နတ္ထိ, မာနဿ ပန အပ္ပဟီနတ္တာ ဒိဋ္ဌိ နာမ ဟောတိ. မာနမူလကံ ဒိဋ္ဌိံ သန္ဓာယေတံ ဝုတ္တံ. သေသံ သဗ္ဗတ္ထ ဥတ္တာနမေဝါတိ.

Now, in the section on the course of conceit, “the course of conceit” (mānagataṃ) means “the occurrence of conceit” (mānapavattī). Conceit itself is “the course of conceit,” like “gone to excrement” (gūthagataṃ). Therein, “I am” is spoken in terms of conceit associated with craving. “This I am” is by way of views. But is there not such a thing as conceit associated with views? Indeed, there is not. However, because conceit is unabandoned, a view comes to be. This was said with reference to a view that is rooted in conceit. The rest is clear everywhere.

အာသီဝိသဝဂ္ဂေါ.

The Chapter on the Venomous Snakes

စတုတ္ထော ပဏ္ဏာသကော.

The Fourth Set of Fifty

သဠာယတနသံယုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Connected Discourses on the Six Sense Bases is concluded.

၂. ဝေဒနာသံယုတ္တံ

2. The Connected Discourses on Feeling

၁. သဂါထာဝဂ္ဂေါ

1. The Chapter with Verses

၁. သမာဓိသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

1. Exposition of the Samādhi Sutta

၂၄၉. ဝေဒနာသံယုတ္တေ [Pg.115] သဂါထာဝဂ္ဂဿ ပဌမေ သမာဟိတောတိ ဥပစာရေန ဝါ အပ္ပနာယ ဝါ သမာဟိတော. ဝေဒနာ စ ပဇာနာတီတိ ဝေဒနာ ဒုက္ခသစ္စဝသေန ပဇာနာတိ. ဝေဒနာနဉ္စ သမ္ဘဝန္တိ တာသံယေဝ သမ္ဘဝံ သမုဒယသစ္စဝသေန ပဇာနာတိ. ယတ္ထ စေတာတိ ယတ္ထေတာ ဝေဒနာ နိရုဇ္ဈန္တိ, တံ နိဗ္ဗာနံ နိရောဓသစ္စဝသေန ပဇာနာတိ. ခယဂါမိနန္တိ တာသံယေဝ ဝေဒနာနံ ခယဂါမိနံ မဂ္ဂံ မဂ္ဂသစ္စဝသေန ပဇာနာတိ. နိစ္ဆာတော ပရိနိဗ္ဗုတောတိ နိတ္တဏှော ဟုတွာ ကိလေသပရိနိဗ္ဗာနေန ပရိနိဗ္ဗုတော. ဧဝမေတ္ထ သုတ္တေ သမ္မသနစာရဝေဒနာ ကထိတာ. ဂါထာသု ဒွီဟိ ပဒေဟိ သမထဝိပဿနာ ကထိတာ, သေသေဟိ စတုသစ္စံ ကထိတံ. ဧဝမေတ္ထ သဗ္ဗသင်္ဂါဟိကော စတုဘူမကဓမ္မပရိစ္ဆေဒေါ ဝုတ္တော.

249. In the first [discourse] of the Sagāthāvagga in the Connected Discourses on Feeling, 'one who is composed' (samāhito) means one who is composed either through access concentration or absorption concentration. 'And he understands feelings' (vedanā ca pajānāti) means he understands feelings in terms of the truth of suffering. 'And the origin of feelings' (vedanānañca sambhavaṃ) means he understands their very origin in terms of the truth of origin. 'Where they cease' (yattha cetā) means he understands that Nibbāna, where these feelings cease, in terms of the truth of cessation. 'Leading to destruction' (khayagāminaṃ) means he understands the path leading to the destruction of those very feelings in terms of the truth of the path. 'Desireless, fully extinguished' (nicchāto parinibbuto) means, having become without craving, he is fully extinguished through the extinction of defilements. Thus, in this sutta, feelings as the domain for insight contemplation are explained. In the verses, serenity and insight are explained by two terms, while the remaining terms explain the Four Truths. In this way, a comprehensive classification of phenomena pertaining to the four planes is presented here.

၂. သုခသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

2. Exposition of the Sukha Sutta

၂၅၀. ဒုတိယေ အဒုက္ခမသုခံ သဟာတိ အဒုက္ခမသုခဉ္စ သုခဒုက္ခေဟိ သဟ. အဇ္ဈတ္တဉ္စ ဗဟိဒ္ဓါ စာတိ အတ္တနော စ ပရဿ စ. မောသဓမ္မန္တိ နဿနသဘာဝံ. ပလောကိနန္တိ ပလုဇ္ဇနကံ ဘိဇ္ဇနသဘာဝံ. ဖုဿ ဖုဿ ဝယံ ပဿန္တိ ဉာဏေန ဖုသိတွာ ဖုသိတွာ ဝယံ ပဿန္တော. ဧဝံ တတ္ထ ဝိရဇ္ဇတီတိ ဧဝံ တာသု ဝေဒနာသု ဝိရဇ္ဇတိ. ဣဓာပိ သုတ္တေ သမ္မသနစာရဝေဒနာ ကထိတာ, ဂါထာသု ဉာဏဖုသနံ.

250. In the second [discourse], 'accompanied by neither-pain-nor-pleasure' (adukkhamasukhaṃ saha) means neither-pain-nor-pleasure together with pleasure and pain. 'Internally and externally' (ajjhattañca bahiddhā ca) means of oneself and of others. 'Of a decaying nature' (mosadhammaṃ) means having the characteristic of perishing. 'Crumbling' (palokinaṃ) means having the nature of breaking and crumbling. 'Touching and touching, seeing its passing away' (phussa phussa vayaṃ passan) means seeing its passing away by repeatedly touching with knowledge. 'Thus, one becomes dispassionate toward it' (evaṃ tattha virajjati) means thus one becomes dispassionate toward those feelings. Here too, in the discourse, feelings as the domain for insight contemplation are explained; in the verses, touching with knowledge is explained.

၃. ပဟာနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

3. Exposition of the Pahāna Sutta

၂၅၁. တတိယေ အစ္ဆေစ္ဆိ တဏှန္တိ သဗ္ဗမ္ပိ တဏှံ ဆိန္ဒိ သမုစ္ဆိန္ဒိ. ဝိဝတ္တယိ သံယောဇနန္တိ ဒသဝိဓမ္ပိ သံယောဇနံ ပရိဝတ္တယိ နိမ္မူလကမကာသိ. သမ္မာတိ ဟေတုနာ ကာရဏေန. မာနာဘိသမယာတိ မာနဿ ဒဿနာဘိသမယာ, ပဟာနာဘိသမယာ စ. အရဟတ္တမဂ္ဂေါ ဟိ ကိစ္စဝသေန မာနံ သမ္ပဿတိ, အယမဿ [Pg.116] ဒဿနာဘိသမယော. တေန ဒိဋ္ဌော ပန သော တာဝဒေဝ ပဟီယတိ, ဒိဋ္ဌဝိသေန ဒိဋ္ဌသတ္တာနံ ဇီဝိတံ ဝိယ. အယမဿ ပဟာနာဘိသမယော.

251. In the third [discourse], 'he cut off craving' (acchecchi taṇhaṃ) means he severed and completely cut off all craving. 'He rolled back the fetters' (vivattayi saṃyojanaṃ) means he overturned the tenfold fetters, making them rootless. 'Rightly' (sammā) means by reason and cause. 'Through the overcoming of conceit' (mānābhisamayā) means through the realization of conceit by way of seeing and by way of abandoning. For the path of arahantship, by way of its function, sees conceit—this is its realization by way of seeing. But once it is seen by that path, it is immediately abandoned, like the life of a being looked upon by a snake with venom in its gaze. This is its realization by way of abandoning.

အန္တမကာသိ ဒုက္ခဿာတိ ဧဝံ အရဟတ္တမဂ္ဂေန မာနဿ ဒိဋ္ဌတ္တာ စ ပဟီနတ္တာ စ ယေ ဣမေ ‘‘ကာယဗန္ဓနဿ အန္တော ဇီရတိ (စူဠဝ. ၂၇၈) ဟရိတန္တံ ဝါ’’တိ (မ. နိ. ၁.၃၀၄) ဧဝံ ဝုတ္တအန္တိမမရိယာဒန္တော စ, ‘‘အန္တမိဒံ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, ဇီဝိကာန’’န္တိ (ဣတိဝု. ၉၁; သံ. နိ. ၃.၈၀) ဧဝံ ဝုတ္တလာမကန္တော စ, ‘‘သက္ကာယော ဧကော အန္တော’’တိ (အ. နိ. ၆.၆၁; စူဠနိ. တိဿမေတ္တေယျမာဏဝပုစ္ဆာနိဒ္ဒေသ ၁၁) ဧဝံ ဝုတ္တကောဋ္ဌာသန္တော စ, ‘‘ဧသေဝန္တော ဒုက္ခဿ သဗ္ဗပစ္စယသင်္ခယာ’’တိ (သံ နိ. ၂.၅၁; ၂.၄.၇၁; ဥဒါ. ၇၁) ဧဝံ ဝုတ္တကောဋန္တော စာတိ စတ္တာရော အန္တာ, တေသု သဗ္ဗဿေဝ ဝဋ္ဋဒုက္ခဿ အဒုံ စတုတ္ထကောဋိသင်္ခါတံ အန္တမကာသိ, ပရိစ္ဆေဒံ ပရိဝဋုမံ အကာသိ, အန္တိမသမုဿယမတ္တာဝသေသံ ဒုက္ခမကာသီတိ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ.

'He made an end of suffering' (antamakāsi dukkhassa) means that by the path of arahantship, due to the seeing and abandoning of conceit, he made an end of all the suffering of the round, which is reckoned as the fourth of these four 'ends' (antā) that are spoken of: the end as a final boundary, as in 'the end of the bodily bond decays' and 'a green end'; the lowest end, as in 'this, monks, is the lowest end of livelihoods'; the end as a portion, as in 'the personal identity is one end'; and the end as an extremity, as in 'this is the end of suffering, the cessation of all conditions'. It is said that he made suffering remain only as the final embodiment.

သမ္ပဇညံ န ရိဉ္စတီတိ သမ္ပဇညံ န ဇဟတိ. သင်္ချံ နောပေတီတိ ရတ္တော ဒုဋ္ဌော မူဠှောတိ ပညတ္တိံ န ဥပေတိ, တံ ပညတ္တိံ ပဟာယ ခီဏာသဝေါ နာမ ဟောတီတိ အတ္ထော. ဣမသ္မိံ သုတ္တေ အာရမ္မဏာနုသယော ကထိတော.

'He does not relinquish clear comprehension' (sampajaññaṃ na riñcati) means he does not abandon clear comprehension. 'He does not come to reckoning' (saṅkhyaṃ na upeti) means he does not come to the designation of being passionate, hateful, or deluded; abandoning that designation, he is called one whose taints are destroyed. This is the meaning. In this sutta, the latent tendency related to the object is explained.

၄. ပါတာလသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

4. Exposition of the Pātāla Sutta

၂၅၂. စတုတ္ထေ ပါတာလောတိ ပါတဿ အလံ ပရိယတ္တော, နတ္ထိ ဧတ္ထ ပတိဋ္ဌာတိ ပါတာလော. အသန္တံ အဝိဇ္ဇမာနန္တိ အသမ္ဘူတတ္တံ အပညာယမာနတ္တံ. ဧဝံ ဝါစံ ဘာသတီတိ အတ္ထိ မဟာသမုဒ္ဒေ ပါတာလောတိ ဧဝံ ဝါစံ. သော ဟိ ယံ တံ ဗလဝါမုခံ မဟာသမုဒ္ဒဿ ဥဒကံ ဝေဂေန ပက္ခန္ဒိတွာ စက္ကဝါဠံ ဝါ သိနေရုံ ဝါ အာဟစ္စ ယောဇနဒွိယောဇနဒသယောဇနပ္ပမာဏမ္ပိ ဥဂ္ဂန္တွာ ပုန မဟာသမုဒ္ဒေ ပတတိ, ယဿ ပတိတဋ္ဌာနေ မဟာနရကပပါတော ဝိယ ဟောတိ, ယံ လောကေ ဗလဝါမုခန္တိ ဝုစ္စတိ. တံ သန္ဓာယ ဧဝံ ဝဒတိ.

252. In the fourth [sutta], pātāla means: it is suitable for, and capable of, falling (`pātassa alaṃ pariyatto`); herein there is no standing place (`natthi ettha patiṭṭhā`); therefore, it is a `pātāla`. Non-existent, not found (`asantaṃ avijjamānaṃ`) means having an untrue meaning (`asambhūtattaṃ`), having a meaning that is not clearly known (`apaññāyamānattaṃ`). Thus he speaks (`evaṃ vācaṃ bhāsati`) refers to this speech: “There is a `pātāla` in the great ocean.” For that water of the great ocean at the `balavāmukha` (powerful mouth), rushing with great force, striking either the Cakkavāḷa mountain range or Mount Sineru, and rising up to a measure of one, two, or even ten yojanas, falls again into the great ocean. The place where it falls is like a great precipice of hell, which is called a `balavāmukha` in the world. Referring to that, he speaks thus.

ယသ္မာ ပန တတ္ထ တထာရူပါနံ မစ္ဆကစ္ဆပဒေဝဒါနဝါနံ ပတိဋ္ဌာပိ ဟောတိ သုခနိဝါသောပိ, တသ္မာ အသန္တံ အသံဝိဇ္ဇမာနံ တံ တံ ဝါစံ ဘာသတိ နာမ. ယသ္မာ ပန သဗ္ဗပုထုဇ္ဇနာ သာရီရိကာယ ဒုက္ခဝေဒနာယ ပတိဋ္ဌာတုံ န သက္ကောန္တိ, တသ္မာ ပါတဿ အလန္တိ အတ္ထေန အယမေဝ ပါတာလောတိ ဒဿေန္တော သာရီရိကာနံ ခေါ ဧတံ ဘိက္ခဝေတိအာဒိမာဟ.

However, since in that place there is a footing and a pleasant dwelling for suitable fish, turtles, devas, and asuras, therefore, it is called speaking words that are untrue and non-existent. But because all worldlings are unable to stand firm in the face of bodily painful feeling, therefore, to show that this very [feeling] is the `pātāla` in the sense of 'it is capable of falling,' He said the words beginning with: 'Monks, this is an epithet for bodily [painful feelings]...'

ပါတာလေ [Pg.117] န ပစ္စုဋ္ဌာသီတိ ပါတာလသ္မိံ န ပတိဋ္ဌာသိ. ဂါဓန္တိ ပတိဋ္ဌံ. အက္ကန္ဒတီတိ အနိဗဒ္ဓံ ဝိပ္ပလာပံ ဝိလပန္တော ကန္ဒတိ. ဒုဗ္ဗလောတိ ဒုဗ္ဗလဉာဏော. အပ္ပထာမကောတိ ဉာဏထာမဿ ပရိတ္တတာယ ပရိတ္တထာမကော. ဣမသ္မိံ သုတ္တေ အရိယသာဝကောတိ သောတာပန္နော. သောတာပန္နော ဟိ ဧတ္ထ ဓုရံ, ဗလဝဝိပဿကော န တိက္ခဗုဒ္ဓိ ဥပ္ပန္နံ ဝေဒနံ အနနုဝတ္တိတွာ ပတိဋ္ဌာတုံ သမတ္ထော ယောဂါဝစရောပိ ဝဋ္ဋတိ.

He did not stand firm in the pātāla (`pātāle na paccuṭṭhāsi`) means he did not find a footing in the `pātāla`. A firm footing (`gādhaṃ`) means a standing place (`patiṭṭhaṃ`). He cries out (`akkandati`) means, lamenting with incoherent and perverse speech, he wails. Weak (`dubbalo`) means weak in wisdom. Without strength (`appathāmako`) means having little strength due to the slightness of the strength of his wisdom. In this sutta, noble disciple (`ariyasāvako`) means a stream-enterer. Indeed, the stream-enterer is the principal one here. However, a practitioner of meditation (`yogāvacara`) who has strong insight and sharp wisdom, and is able to stand firm without pursuing an arisen feeling, is also suitable.

၅. ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

5. Exposition of the Daṭṭhabba Sutta

၂၅၃. ပဉ္စမေ ဒုက္ခတော ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗာတိ ဝိပရိဏာမနဝသေန ဒုက္ခတော ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗာ. သလ္လတောတိ ဒုက္ခာပနဝိနိဝိဇ္ဈနဋ္ဌေန သလ္လာတိ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗာ. အနိစ္စတောတိ အဒုက္ခမသုခါ ဟုတွာ အဘာဝါကာရေန အနိစ္စတော ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗာ. အဒ္ဒါတိ အဒ္ဒသ. သန္တန္တိ သန္တသဘာဝံ.

253. In the fifth [sutta], to be seen as suffering (`dukkhato daṭṭhabbā`) means it is to be seen as suffering by way of its changing nature. As a dart (`sallato`) means it is to be seen as a dart because of its nature of inflicting pain and piercing. As impermanent (`aniccato`) means that neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling, having come to be, is to be seen as impermanent through its characteristic of ceasing to exist. He saw (`addā`) means he perceived (`addasa`). The peaceful (`santaṃ`) means the peaceful state (`santasabhāvaṃ`).

၆. သလ္လသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

6. Exposition of the Salla Sutta

၂၅၄. ဆဋ္ဌေ တတြာတိ တေသု ဒွီသု ဇနေသု. အနုဝေဓံ ဝိဇ္ဈေယျာတိ တဿေဝ ဝဏမုခဿ အင်္ဂုလန္တရေ ဝါ ဒွင်္ဂုလန္တရေ ဝါ အာသန္နပဒေသေ အနုဂတဝေဓံ. ဧဝံ ဝိဒ္ဓဿ ဟိ သာ အနုဝေဓာ ဝေဒနာ ပဌမဝေဒနာယ ဗလဝတရာ ဟောတိ, ပစ္ဆာ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇမာနာ ဒေါမနဿဝေဒနာပိ ဧဝမေဝ ပုရိမဝေဒနာယ ဗလဝတရာ ဟောတိ. ဒုက္ခာယ ဝေဒနာယ နိဿရဏန္တိ ဒုက္ခာယ ဝေဒနာယ ဟိ သမာဓိမဂ္ဂဖလာနိ နိဿရဏံ, တံ သော န ဇာနာတိ, ကာမသုခမေဝ နိဿရဏန္တိ ဇာနာတိ. တာသံ ဝေဒနာနန္တိ တာသံ သုခဒုက္ခဝေဒနာနံ. သညုတ္တော နံ ဝေဒယတီတိ ကိလေသေဟိ သမ္ပယုတ္တောဝ ဟုတွာ တံ ဝေဒနံ ဝေဒယတိ, န ဝိပ္ပယုတ္တော. သညုတ္တော ဒုက္ခသ္မာတိ ကရဏတ္ထေ နိဿက္ကံ, ဒုက္ခေန သမ္ပယုတ္တောတိ အတ္ထော. သင်္ခါတဓမ္မဿာတိ ဝိဒိတဓမ္မဿ တုလိတဓမ္မဿ. ဗဟုဿုတဿာတိ ပရိယတ္တိဗဟုဿုတဿ ပဋိဝေဓဗဟုဿုတဿ စ. သမ္မာ ပဇာနာတိ ဘဝဿ ပါရဂူတိ ဘဝဿ ပါရံ နိဗ္ဗာနံ ဂတော, တဒေဝ နိဗ္ဗာနံ သမ္မာ ပဇာနာတိ. ဣမသ္မိမ္ပိ သုတ္တေ အာရမ္မဏာနုသယောဝ ကထိတော. အရိယသာဝကေသု စ ခီဏာသဝေါ ဧတ္ထ ဓုရံ, အနာဂါမီပိ ဝဋ္ဋတီတိ ဝဒန္တိ.

254. In the sixth [sutta], there (`tatrā`) refers to those two persons. He would be pierced by a subsequent dart (`anuvedhaṃ vijjheyya`) means a subsequent piercing in a nearby place, one or two finger-breadths away from that very wound-opening. Indeed, for one thus pierced, that feeling from the subsequent piercing is stronger than the first feeling. Likewise, the feeling of displeasure that arises later is also stronger than the previous feeling. As for the escape from painful feeling (`dukkhāya vedanāya nissaraṇaṃ`): indeed, the escape from painful feeling is absorption, the path, and fruition. He does not know that; he knows only sensual pleasure as the escape. Of those feelings (`tāsaṃ vedanānaṃ`) means of those pleasant and painful feelings. Conjoined, he feels it (`saññutto naṃ vedayati`) means that, being conjoined with defilements, he experiences that feeling, not when disjoined from them. As for conjoined with suffering (`saññutto dukkhasmā`): the ablative case should be understood in the instrumental sense; the meaning is 'conjoined with suffering' (`dukkhena sampayutto`). Of one who has comprehended the Dhamma (`saṅkhātadhammassa`) means of one who has known the Dhamma, who has weighed the Dhamma. Of one who is very learned (`bahussutassa`) means of one who is very learned in the scriptures and in penetration. One who has gone beyond existence rightly understands (`sammā pajānāti bhavassa pāragū`) means: having gone to the far shore of existence, Nibbāna, he rightly understands that very Nibbāna. In this sutta, too, the latent tendency regarding the object is spoken of. And among the noble disciples, the one whose cankers are destroyed is the principal one here; they say that a non-returner is also suitable.

၇. ပဌမဂေလညသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

7. Commentary on the First Discourse on Sickness.

၂၅၅. သတ္တမေ [Pg.118] ယေန ဂိလာနသာလာ တေနုပသင်္ကမီတိ ‘‘သဒေဝကေ လောကေ အဂ္ဂပုဂ္ဂလော တထာဂတောပိ ဂိလာနုပဋ္ဌာနံ ဂစ္ဆတိ, ဥပဋ္ဌာတဗ္ဗယုတ္တကာ နာမ ဂိလာနာတိ ဘိက္ခူ သဒ္ဒဟိတွာ ဩကပ္ပေတွာ ဂိလာနေ ဥပဋ္ဌာတဗ္ဗေ မညိဿန္တီ’’တိ စ ‘‘ယေ တတ္ထ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနသပ္ပာယာ, တေသံ ကမ္မဋ္ဌာနံ ကထေဿာမီ’’တိ စ စိန္တေတွာ ဥပသင်္ကမိ. ကာယေ ကာယာနုပဿီတိအာဒီသု ယံ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗံ, တံ ပရတော ဝက္ခာမ. အနိစ္စာနုပဿီတိ အနိစ္စတံ အနုပဿန္တော. ဝယာနုပဿီတိ ဝယံ အနုပဿန္တော. ဝိရာဂါနုပဿီတိ ဝိရာဂံ အနုပဿန္တော. နိရောဓာနုပဿီတိ နိရောဓံ အနုပဿန္တော. ပဋိနိဿဂ္ဂါနုပဿီတိ ပဋိနိဿဂ္ဂံ အနုပဿန္တော.

255. In the seventh [sutta], regarding the passage 'he approached the sick hall,' he approached thinking: "Even the Tathāgata, the foremost person in the world with its devas, goes to attend to the sick. The monks, having believed and accepted this, will consider that the sick are to be attended to." And also: "For those there for whom a meditation subject is suitable, I will teach a meditation subject." What should be said regarding 'contemplating the body in the body,' etc., that we will speak of later. 'Contemplating impermanence' means contemplating the state of impermanence. 'Contemplating vanishing' means contemplating vanishing. 'Contemplating dispassion' means contemplating dispassion. 'Contemplating cessation' means contemplating cessation. 'Contemplating relinquishment' means contemplating relinquishment.

ဧတ္တာဝတာ ကိံ ဒဿိတံ ဟောတိ? ဣမဿ ဘိက္ခုနော အာဂမနီယပဋိပဒါ, သတိပဋ္ဌာနာပိ ဟိ ပုဗ္ဗဘာဂါယေဝ, သမ္ပဇညေပိ အနိစ္စာနုပဿနာ ဝယာနုပဿနာ ဝိရာဂါနုပဿနာတိ စ ဣမာပိ တိဿော အနုပဿနာ ပုဗ္ဗဘာဂါယေဝ, နိရောဓာနုပဿနာပိ ပဋိနိဿဂ္ဂါနုပဿနာပိ ဣမာ ဒွေ မိဿကာ. ဧတ္တာဝတာ ဣမဿ ဘိက္ခုနော ဘာဝနာကာလော ဒဿိတောတိ. သေသံ ဝုတ္တနယမေဝ.

By this much, what is shown? The preliminary path of practice for this monk. For indeed, the establishments of mindfulness are only the preliminary part. And in clear comprehension, these three contemplations—contemplation of impermanence, contemplation of vanishing, and contemplation of dispassion—are also only the preliminary part. The contemplation of cessation and the contemplation of relinquishment, these two are mixed. By this much, the time for this monk's cultivation is shown. The rest is as has been explained.

၈-၉. ဒုတိယဂေလညသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

8-9. Commentary on the Second Discourse on Sickness, etc.

၂၅၆-၂၅၇. အဋ္ဌမေ ဣမမေဝ ဖဿံ ပဋိစ္စာတိ ဝုတ္တေ ဗုဇ္ဈနကာနံ အဇ္ဈာသယေန ဝုတ္တံ, အတ္ထတော ပနေတံ နိန္နာနာကရဏံ. ကာယောဝ ဟိ ဧတ္ထ ဖဿောတိ ဝုတ္တော. နဝမံ ဥတ္တာနမေဝ.

In the eighth [sutta], when it is said 'dependent on contact,' this was spoken according to the disposition of those who were to understand. But in terms of meaning, this does not constitute a difference. For indeed, it is the body itself that is spoken of here as 'contact.' The ninth [sutta] is self-evident.

၁၀. ဖဿမူလကသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

10. Commentary on the Discourse Rooted in Contact.

၂၅၈. ဒသမေ သုခဝေဒနိယန္တိ သုခဝေဒနာယ ပစ္စယဘူတံ. သေသေသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော. အနုပဒဝဏ္ဏနာ ပနေတ္ထ ဟေဋ္ဌာ ဝိတ္ထာရိတာဝ. ဣမသ္မိံ သုတ္တဒွယေ သမ္မသနစာရဝေဒနာ ကထိတာ.

258. In the tenth [sutta], 'conducive to pleasant feeling' means that which has become a condition for pleasant feeling. In the remaining cases, this is the same method. The word-by-word commentary on this has already been elaborated below. In these two suttas, feeling as the resort for comprehension is taught.

သဂါထာဝဂ္ဂေါ ပဌမော.

The first is the Chapter with Verses.

၂. ရဟောဂတဝဂ္ဂေါ

2. The Chapter on Seclusion.

၁. ရဟောဂတသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

1. Commentary on the Discourse on Seclusion.

၂၅၉. ရဟောဂတဝဂ္ဂဿ [Pg.119] ပဌမေ ယံ ကိဉ္စိ ဝေဒယိတံ, တံ ဒုက္ခသ္မိန္တိ ယံ ကိဉ္စိ ဝေဒယိတံ, တံ သဗ္ဗံ ဒုက္ခန္တိ အတ္ထော. သင်္ခါရာနံယေဝ အနိစ္စတန္တိအာဒီသု ယာ ဧသာ သင်္ခါရာနံ အနိစ္စတာ ခယဓမ္မတာ ဝယဓမ္မတာ ဝိပရိဏာမဓမ္မတာ, ဧတံ သန္ဓာယ ယံ ကိဉ္စိ ဝေဒယိတံ, တံ ဒုက္ခန္တိ မယာ ဘာသိတန္တိ ဒီပေတိ. ယာ ဟိ သင်္ခါရာနံ အနိစ္စတာ, ဝေဒနာနမ္ပိ သာ အနိစ္စတာ ဧဝ. အနိစ္စတာ စ နာမေသာ မရဏံ, မရဏတော ဥတ္တရိ ဒုက္ခံ နာမ နတ္ထီတိ ဣမိနာ အဓိပ္ပာယေန သဗ္ဗာ ဝေဒနာ ဒုက္ခာတိ ဝုတ္တာ. အထ ခေါ ပန ဘိက္ခု မယာတိ ဣဒံ န ကေဝလံ အဟံ ဝေဒနာနံယေဝ နိရောဓံ ပညာပေမိ, ဣမေသမ္ပိ ဓမ္မာနံ နိရောဓံ ပညာပေမီတိ ဒဿနတ္ထံ အာရဒ္ဓံ. ဝူပသမော စ ပဿဒ္ဓိယော စ ဧဝရူပါယ ဒေသနာယ ဗုဇ္ဈနကာနံ အဇ္ဈာသယေန ဝုတ္တာ. သညာဝေဒယိတနိရောဓဂ္ဂဟဏေန စေတ္ထ စတ္တာရော အာရုပ္ပာ ဂဟိတာဝ ဟောန္တီတိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ.

259. In the first [discourse] of the Chapter on Seclusion, the phrase 'whatever is felt, that is in suffering' means: whatever is felt, all that is suffering. Regarding the passage beginning 'the impermanence of formations,' it shows that with reference to this impermanence, this nature of decay, this nature of vanishing, and this nature of change of formations, it was spoken by me: 'Whatever is felt, that is suffering.' For whatever is the impermanence of formations, that is also the impermanence of feelings. And this impermanence is death; there is no suffering beyond death. With this intention, all feelings are said to be suffering. The phrase 'But, bhikkhus, by me' is begun to show: 'I do not make known the cessation of feelings alone; I also make known the cessation of these phenomena.' 'Calming' and 'tranquilities' are spoken of according to the disposition of those who are to understand by such a teaching. And here, it should be known that by the taking up of 'the cessation of perception and feeling,' the four formless attainments are included.

၂-၃. ပဌမအာကာသသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

2-3. Commentary on the First Ākāsa Sutta, and so forth.

၂၆၀-၂၆၁. ဒုတိယေ ပုထူ ဝါယန္တိ မာလုတာတိ ဗဟူ ဝါတာ ဝါယန္တိ. သေသံ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထမေဝါတိ. တတိယံ ဝိနာ ဂါထာဟိ ဗုဇ္ဈန္တာနံ အဇ္ဈာသယေန ဝုတ္တံ.

In the second sutta, ‘Puthū vāyanti mālutā’ means ‘many winds blow.’ The rest has an obvious meaning. The third sutta was spoken with three verses, according to the inclination of those who could understand.

၄. အဂါရသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

4. Commentary on the Agāra Sutta.

၂၆၂. စတုတ္ထေ ပုရတ္ထိမာတိ ပုရတ္ထိမာယ. ဧဝံ သဗ္ဗတ္ထ. သာမိသာပိ သုခါ ဝေဒနာတိအာဒီသု သာမိသာ သုခါ နာမ ကာမာမိသပဋိသံယုတ္တာ ဝေဒနာ. နိရာမိသာ သုခါ နာမ ပဌမဇ္ဈာနာဒိဝသေန ဝိပဿနာဝသေန အနုဿတိဝသေန စ ဥပ္ပန္နာ ဝေဒနာ. သာမိသာ ဒုက္ခာ နာမ ကာမာမိသေနေဝ သာမိသာ ဝေဒနာ, နိရာမိသာ ဒုက္ခာ နာမ အနုတ္တရေသု ဝိမောက္ခေသု ပိဟံ ဥပဋ္ဌာပယတော ပိဟပစ္စယာ ဥပ္ပန္နဒေါမနဿဝေဒနာ. သာမိသာ အဒုက္ခမသုခါ နာမ ကာမာမိသေနေဝ သာမိသာ ဝေဒနာ. နိရာမိသာ အဒုက္ခမသုခါ နာမ စတုတ္ထဇ္ဈာနဝသေန ဥပ္ပန္နာ အဒုက္ခမသုခါ ဝေဒနာ.

262. In the fourth sutta, ‘puratthimā’ means ‘from the eastern direction.’ Thus it should be understood for all terms. In the texts beginning with ‘sāmisā sukhā vedanā,’ ‘sāmisā sukhā’ refers to a feeling connected with the gratification of the senses. ‘Nirāmisā sukhā’ refers to a feeling that has arisen by way of the first jhāna and so forth, by way of insight, and by way of recollection. ‘Sāmisā dukkhā’ refers to a feeling connected with the gratification of the senses. ‘Nirāmisā dukkhā’ refers to the feeling of displeasure that has arisen on account of longing for one who establishes longing for the supreme liberations. ‘Sāmisā adukkhamasukhā’ refers to a feeling connected with the gratification of the senses. ‘Nirāmisā adukkhamasukhā’ refers to a neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling that has arisen by way of the fourth jhāna.

၅-၈. ပဌမအာနန္ဒသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

5-8. Commentary on the First Ānanda Sutta, and so forth.

၂၆၃-၂၆၆. ပဉ္စမာဒီနိ [Pg.120] စတ္တာရိ ဟေဋ္ဌာ ကထိတနယာနေဝ. ပုရိမာနိ ပနေတ္ထ ဒွေ ပရိပုဏ္ဏပဿဒ္ဓိကာနိ, ပစ္ဆိမာနိ ဥပဍ္ဎပဿဒ္ဓိကာနိ. ဒေသနာယ ဗုဇ္ဈနကာနံ အဇ္ဈာသယေန ဝုတ္တာနိ.

The four suttas beginning with the fifth are of the same method as explained above. However, among these, the first two have complete tranquility; the latter two were spoken with a teaching of partial tranquility, according to the inclination of those who could understand.

၉-၁၀. ပဉ္စကင်္ဂသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

9-10. Commentary on the Pañcakaṅga Sutta, and so forth.

၂၆၇-၂၆၈. နဝမေ ပဉ္စကင်္ဂေါ ထပတီတိ ပဉ္စကင်္ဂေါတိ တဿ နာမံ, ဝါသိဖရသုနိခါဒနဒဏ္ဍမုဂ္ဂရကာဠသုတ္တနာဠိသင်္ခါတေဟိ ဝါ ပဉ္စဟိ အင်္ဂေဟိ သမန္နာဂတတ္တာ သော ပဉ္စကင်္ဂေါတိ ပညာတော. ထပတီတိ ဝဍ္ဎကီဇေဋ္ဌကော. ဥဒါယီတိ ပဏ္ဍိတဥဒါယိတ္ထေရော. ပရိယာယန္တိ ကာရဏံ. ဒွေပါနန္ဒာတိ ဒွေပိ, အာနန္ဒ, ပရိယာယေနာတိ ကာရဏေန. ဧတ္ထ စ ကာယိကစေတသိကဝသေန ဒွေ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ, သုခါဒိဝသေန တိဿောပိ, ဣန္ဒြိယဝသေန သုခိန္ဒြိယာဒိကာ ပဉ္စ, ဒွါရဝသေန စက္ခုသမ္ဖဿဇာဒိကာ ဆ, ဥပဝိစာရဝသေန ‘‘စက္ခုနာ ရူပံ ဒိသွာ သောမနဿဌာနိယံ ရူပံ ဥပဝိစရတီ’’တိအာဒိကာ အဋ္ဌာရသ, ဆ ဂေဟသိတာနိ သောမနဿာနိ, ဆ နေက္ခမ္မသိတာနိ, ဆ ဂေဟသိတာနိ ဒေါမနဿာနိ, ဆ နေက္ခမ္မသိတာနိ, ဆ ဂေဟသိတာ ဥပေက္ခာ, ဆ နေက္ခမ္မသိတာတိ ဧဝံ ဆတ္တိံသ. တာ အတီတေ ဆတ္တိံသ, အနာဂတေ ဆတ္တိံသ, ပစ္စုပ္ပန္နေ ဆတ္တိံသာတိ ဧဝံ အဋ္ဌသတံ ဝေဒနာ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ.

In the ninth sutta, regarding ‘Pañcakaṅgo thapati’: ‘Pañcakaṅga’ was his name; or, he was known as ‘Pañcakaṅga’ because he was endowed with five tools, namely, an adze, an axe, a chisel, a long-handled mallet, and a measuring line. ‘Thapati’ means the head carpenter. ‘Udāyī’ is the Elder Udāyī the Wise. ‘Pariyāya’ means reason. ‘Dvepānanda’ means ‘two, Ānanda,’ and ‘pariyāyena’ means ‘by reason.’ And here, feelings should be understood as two by way of the bodily and the mental; and also three by way of the pleasant and so forth; five by way of the faculties, such as the pleasure faculty; six by way of the doors, such as that born of eye-contact; eighteen by way of reflection, such as, “having seen a form with the eye, one reflects on a form that is a basis for joy,” and so forth. There are six joys based on the household life, six joys based on renunciation; six sorrows based on the household life, six sorrows based on renunciation; six equanimities based on the household life, and six equanimities based on renunciation—thus thirty-six. These should be understood as thirty-six in the past, thirty-six in the future, and thirty-six in the present, thus one hundred and eight feelings.

ပဉ္စိမေ အာနန္ဒ ကာမဂုဏာတိ အယံ ပါဋိယေက္ကော အနုသန္ဓိ. န ကေဝလဉှိ ဒွေ အာဒိံ ကတွာ ဝေဒနာ ဘဂဝတာ ပညတ္တာ, ပရိယာယေန ဧကာပိ ဝေဒနာ ကထိတာ, တံ ဒဿေန္တော ပဉ္စကင်္ဂဿ ထပတိနော ဝါဒံ ဥပတ္ထမ္ဘေတုံ ဣမံ ဒေသနံ အာရဘိ. အဘိက္ကန္တတရန္တိ သုန္ဒရတရံ. ပဏီတတရန္တိ အတပ္ပကတရံ. ဧတ္ထ စ စတုတ္ထဇ္ဈာနတော ပဋ္ဌာယ အဒုက္ခမသုခါ ဝေဒနာ, သာပိ သန္တဋ္ဌေန ပဏီတဋ္ဌေန စ သုခန္တိ ဝုတ္တာ. နိရောဓော အဝေဒယိတသုခဝသေန သုခံ နာမ ဇာတော. ပဉ္စကာမဂုဏဝသေန ဟိ အဋ္ဌသမာပတ္တိဝသေန စ ဥပ္ပန္နံ ဝေဒယိတံ သုခံ နာမ, နိရောဓော အဝေဒယိတသုခံ နာမ. ဣတိ ဝေဒယိတသုခံ ဝါ ဟောတု အဝေဒယိတသုခံ ဝါ, နိဒ္ဒုက္ခဘာဝသင်္ခါတေန သုခဋ္ဌေန ဧကန္တသုခမေဝ ဇာတံ.

“Pañcime, Ānanda, kāmaguṇā” (These five strands of sensual pleasure, Ānanda)—this is a separate connection. For not only were feelings, beginning with two, laid down by the Blessed One, but a single feeling was also taught by way of another reason. Wishing to show this and to support the statement of Pañcakaṅga the carpenter, He began this discourse. “Abhikkantataraṃ” means ‘more beautiful.’ “Paṇītataraṃ” means ‘more sublime.’ Here, the neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling from the fourth jhāna onwards is also called “pleasure” due to its peaceful and sublime nature. Cessation becomes named “pleasure” by way of being a pleasure that is not felt. The pleasure that has arisen by way of the five strands of sensual pleasure and by way of the eight attainments is called “felt pleasure,” while cessation is called “unfelt pleasure.” Thus, whether it is felt pleasure or unfelt pleasure, it becomes exclusively pleasure because of the meaning of ‘pleasure,’ which is described as the state of being without suffering.

ယတ္ထ ယတ္ထာတိ ယသ္မိံ ယသ္မိံ ဌာနေ. သုခံ ဥပလဗ္ဘတီတိ ဝေဒယိတံ သုခံ ဝါ အဝေဒယိတံ သုခံ ဝါ ဥပလဗ္ဘတိ. တံ တံ တထာဂတော သုခသ္မိံ ပညပေတိ, တံ သဗ္ဗံ တထာဂတော နိဒ္ဒုက္ခဘာဝံ သုခသ္မိံယေဝ ပညပေတီတိ ဣဓ [Pg.121] ဘဂဝါ နိရောဓသမာပတ္တိံ သီသံ ကတွာ နေယျပုဂ္ဂလဿ ဝသေန အရဟတ္တနိကူဋေနေဝ ဒေသနံ နိဋ္ဌာပေသိ. ဒသမံ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထမေဝါတိ.

‘Yattha yattha’ means ‘in whatever place.’ ‘Sukhaṃ upalabbhati’ means ‘whether felt pleasure or unfelt pleasure is found.’ ‘Taṃ taṃ Tathāgato sukhasmiṃ paññapeti’ means ‘All of that the Tathāgata declares simply as pleasure, because of its state of being without suffering.’ Here, the Blessed One, making the attainment of cessation the pinnacle, concluded the discourse for the sake of a person to be guided, with the very peak of the fruit of Arahantship. The tenth sutta has an obvious meaning.

ရဟောဂတဝဂ္ဂေါ ဒုတိယော.

The Second Chapter on Solitude.

၃. အဋ္ဌသတပရိယာယဝဂ္ဂေါ

3. The Chapter on the One Hundred and Eight Modes

၁. သီဝကသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

1. Commentary on the Sīvaka Sutta

၂၆၉. တတိယဝဂ္ဂဿ ပဌမေ မောဠိယသီဝကောတိ သီဝကောတိ တဿ နာမံ. စူဠာ ပနဿ အတ္ထိ, တသ္မာ မောဠိယသီဝကောတိ ဝုစ္စတိ. ပရိဗ္ဗာဇကောတိ ဆန္နပရိဗ္ဗာဇကော. ပိတ္တသမုဋ္ဌာနာနီတိ ပိတ္တပစ္စယာနိ. ဝေဒယိတာနီတိ ဝေဒနာ. တတ္ထ ပိတ္တပစ္စယာ တိဿော ဝေဒနာ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇန္တိ. ကထံ? ဧကစ္စော ဟိ ‘‘ပိတ္တံ မေ ကုပိတံ ဒုဇ္ဇာနံ ခေါ ပန ဇီဝိတ’’န္တိ ဒါနံ ဒေတိ, သီလံ သမာဒိယတိ ဥပေါသထကမ္မံ ကရောတိ, ဧဝမဿ ကုသလဝေဒနာ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ. ဧကစ္စော ‘‘ပိတ္တဘေသဇ္ဇံ ကရိဿာမီ’’တိ ပါဏံ ဟနတိ, အဒိန္နံ အာဒိယတိ, မုသာ ဘဏတိ, ဒသ ဒုဿီလျကမ္မာနိ ကရောတိ, ဧဝမဿ အကုသလဝေဒနာ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ. ဧကစ္စော ‘‘ဧတ္တကေနပိ မေ ဘေသဇ္ဇကရဏေန ပိတ္တံ န ဝူပသမ္မတိ, အလံ ယံ ဟောတိ. တံ ဟောတူ’’တိ မဇ္ဈတ္တော ကာယိကဝေဒနံ အဓိဝါသေန္တော နိပဇ္ဇတိ, ဧဝံ အဿ အဗျာကတဝေဒနာ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ.

1. In the first sutta of the third chapter, regarding 'Moḷiyasīvaka': 'Sīvaka' is his name. Furthermore, since he has a large topknot, he is called 'Moḷiyasīvaka.' 'Wanderer' means a 'covered' wanderer. 'Originated from bile' means caused by bile. 'Things felt' means feelings. Therein, three feelings arise with bile as their cause. How? For instance, one person, thinking, 'My bile is agitated, and life is indeed uncertain,' gives alms, undertakes the precepts, and performs the Uposatha observance; thus, a wholesome feeling arises in him. Another, thinking, 'I will prepare a medicine for bile,' kills a living being, takes what is not given, speaks falsely, and commits the ten unwholesome deeds; thus, an unwholesome feeling arises in him. Yet another, thinking, 'Even with this much preparation of medicine, my bile does not subside. Enough! Let what will be, be,' becomes indifferent and lies down, enduring the bodily feeling; thus, an indeterminate feeling arises in him.

သာမမ္ပိ ခေါ ဧတန္တိ တံ တံ ပိတ္တဝိကာရံ ဒိသွာ အတ္တနာပိ ဧတံ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ. သစ္စသမ္မတန္တိ ဘူတသမ္မတံ. လောကောပိ ဟိဿ သရီရေ သဗလဝဏ္ဏတာဒိပိတ္တဝိကာရံ ဒိသွာ ‘‘ပိတ္တမဿ ကုပိတ’’န္တိ ဇာနာတိ. တသ္မာတိ ယသ္မာ သာမဉ္စ ဝိဒိတံ လောကဿ စ သစ္စသမ္မတံ အတိဓာဝန္တိ, တသ္မာ. သေမှသမုဋ္ဌာနာဒီသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော. ဧတ္ထ ပန သန္နိပါတိကာနီတိ တိဏ္ဏမ္ပိ ပိတ္တာဒီနံ ကောပေန သမုဋ္ဌိတာနိ. ဥတုပရိဏာမဇာနီတိ ဝိသဘာဂဥတုတော ဇာတာနိ. ဇင်္ဂလဒေသဝါသီနဉှိ အနုပဒေသေ ဝသန္တာနံ ဝိသဘာဂေါ ဥတု ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ, အနုပဒေသဝါသီနဉ္စ ဇင်္ဂလဒေသေတိ ဧဝံ မလယသမုဒ္ဒတီရာဒိဝသေနာပိ ဥတုဝိသဘာဂတာ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိယေဝ. တတော ဇာတာတိ ဥတုပရိဏာမဇာတာနိ နာမ.

269. 'This is also to be known by oneself' means that seeing that particular disorder of bile, this should be known by oneself. 'Regarded as true' means regarded as real. The world, too, seeing in one's body the disorder of bile, such as the state of having spots and blotches in complexion, knows, 'This person's bile is agitated.' 'Therefore' is said because they transgress what is known by oneself and is regarded as true by the world; therefore... In cases of feelings arising from phlegm and so on, this is the same method. Here, 'arising from a combination' means those arising from the disturbance of all three—bile, phlegm, and wind. 'Born from a change of season' means born from an unsuitable season. For those dwelling in an arid region, an unsuitable season arises when they are dwelling in a marshy region, and for those dwelling in a marshy region, when in an arid region. In this way, an unsuitability of season also arises by means of arid regions, the seashore, and so on. Those born from that are called 'born from a change of season.'

ဝိသမပရိဟာရဇာနီတိ [Pg.122] မဟာဘာရဝဟနသုဓာကောဋ္ဋနာဒိတော ဝါ အဝေလာယ စရန္တဿ သပ္ပဍံသကူပပါတာဒိတော ဝါ ဝိသမပရိဟာရတော ဇာတာနိ. ဩပက္ကမိကာနီတိ ‘‘အယံ စောရော ဝါ ပါရဒါရိကော ဝါ’’တိ ဂဟေတွာ ဇဏ္ဏုကကပ္ပရမုဂ္ဂရာဒီဟိ နိပ္ပောထနဥပက္ကမံ ပစ္စယံ ကတွာ ဥပ္ပန္နာနိ. ဧတံ ဗဟိ ဥပက္ကမံ လဘိတွာ ကောစိ ဝုတ္တနယေနေဝ ကုသလံ ကရောတိ, ကောစိ အကုသလံ, ကောစိ အဓိဝါသေန္တော နိပဇ္ဇတိ. ကမ္မဝိပါကဇာနီတိ ကေဝလံ ကမ္မဝိပါကတော, ဇာတာနိ. တေသုပိ ဟိ ဥပ္ပန္နေသု ဝုတ္တနယေနေဝ ကောစိ ကုသလံ ကရောတိ, ကောစိ အကုသလံ, ကောစိ အဓိဝါသေန္တော နိပဇ္ဇတိ. ဧဝံ သဗ္ဗဝါရေသု တိဝိဓာဝ ဝေဒနာ ဟောန္တိ.

'Born from improper care' means those arising from improper care, such as from carrying heavy loads, pounding plaster, or traveling at improper times, or from causes such as snakebites or falling into wells. 'Born from assault' means those that arise when, having been seized as 'This is a thief' or 'This is an adulterer,' one is beaten with knees, elbows, clubs, and so on, making that assault a condition. Having received such an external assault, a certain person performs wholesome actions in the manner already stated; a certain person, unwholesome actions; and a certain person endures it and lies down. 'Born from the result of kamma' means those born solely from the result of kamma. When these have arisen, in the very manner already stated, a certain person performs wholesome actions; a certain person, unwholesome actions; and a certain person endures it and lies down. Thus, in all instances, feelings are of three kinds.

တတ္ထ ပုရိမေဟိ သတ္တဟိ ကာရဏေဟိ ဥပ္ပန္နာ သာရီရိကာ ဝေဒနာ သက္ကာ ပဋိဗာဟိတုံ, ကမ္မဝိပါကဇာနံ ပန သဗ္ဗဘေသဇ္ဇာနိပိ သဗ္ဗပရိတ္တာနိပိ နာလံ ပဋိဃာတာယ. ဣမသ္မိံ သုတ္တေ လောကဝေါဟာရော နာမ ကထိတောတိ.

Therein, physical feeling arising from the first seven causes can be warded off, but those born of the result of kamma cannot be counteracted by any protective charms. In this sutta, what is called 'worldly convention' is taught.

၂-၁၀. အဋ္ဌသတသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

2-10. Commentary on the Sutta on the One Hundred and Eight Modes, and Others.

၂၇၀-၂၇၈. ဒုတိယေ အဋ္ဌသတပရိယာယန္တိ အဋ္ဌသတဿ ကာရဏဘူတံ. ဓမ္မပရိယာယန္တိ ဓမ္မကာရဏံ. ကာယိကာ စ စေတသိကာ စာတိ ဧတ္ထ ကာယိကာ ကာမာဝစရေယေဝ လဗ္ဘန္တိ, စေတသိကာ စတုဘူမိကာပိ. သုခါတိအာဒီသု သုခါ ဝေဒနာ အရူပါဝစရေ နတ္ထိ, သေသာသု တီသု ဘူမီသု လဗ္ဘန္တိ, ဒုက္ခာ ကာမာဝစရာဝ, ဣတရာ စတုဘူမိကာ. ပဉ္စကေ သုခိန္ဒြိယဒုက္ခိန္ဒြိယဒေါမနဿိန္ဒြိယာနိ ကာမာဝစရာနေဝ, သောမနဿိန္ဒြိယံ တေဘူမကံ, ဥပေက္ခိန္ဒြိယံ စတုဘူမကံ. ဆက္ကေ ပဉ္စသု ဒွါရေသု ဝေဒနာ ကာမာဝစရာဝ, မနောဒွါရေ စတုဘူမိကာ, အဋ္ဌာရသကေ ဆသု ဣဋ္ဌာရမ္မဏေသု သောမနဿေန သဟ ဥပဝိစရန္တီတိ သောမနဿူပဝိစာရာ. သေသဒွယေပိ ဧသေဝ နယော. ဣတိ အယံ ဒေသနာ ဝိစာရဝသေန အာဂတာ, တံသမ္ပယုတ္တာနံ ပန သောမနဿာဒီနံ ဝသေန ဣဓ အဋ္ဌာရသ ဝေဒနာ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ.

In the second sutta, 'the method of one hundred and eight' means that which is the cause for knowing the one hundred and eight. 'The exposition of the Dhamma' means the cause which is the teaching. Regarding 'bodily and mental,' here, bodily feelings are found only in the sense-sphere; mental feelings are of the four planes. Regarding 'pleasant' and so on, pleasant feeling does not exist in the formless sphere; it is found in the remaining three planes. Painful feeling is only of the sense-sphere. The other, equanimous feeling, is of the four planes. In the pentad, the faculties of pleasure, pain, and displeasure are only of the sense-sphere; the faculty of joy is of three planes, and the faculty of equanimity is of four planes. In the hexad, feelings at the five doors are only of the sense-sphere; at the mind-door, they are of the four planes. In the set of eighteen, because they investigate together with joy regarding the six desirable objects, they are called 'investigations accompanied by joy.' This same method applies to the remaining two. Thus, this teaching comes by way of investigation; however, here the eighteen feelings should be understood by way of the feelings of joy and so on, which are associated with that investigation.

ဆ ဂေဟသိတာနိ သောမနဿာနီတိအာဒီသု ‘‘စက္ခုဝိညေယျာနံ ရူပါနံ ဣဋ္ဌာနံ ကန္တာနံ မနာပါနံ မနောရမာနံ လောကာမိသပဋိသံယုတ္တာနံ ပဋိလာဘံ ဝါ ပဋိလာဘတော သမနုပဿတော ပုဗ္ဗေ ဝါ ပဋိလဒ္ဓပုဗ္ဗံ အတီတံ နိရုဒ္ဓံ ဝိပရိဏတံ သမနုဿရတော ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ သောမနဿံ. ယံ ဧဝရူပံ သောမနဿံ, ဣဒံ [Pg.123] ဝုစ္စတိ ဂေဟသိတံ သောမနဿ’’န္တိ (မ. နိ. ၃.၃၀၆). ဧဝံ ဆသု ဒွါရေသု ဝုတ္တကာမဂုဏနိဿိတာနိ သောမနဿာနိ ဆ ဂေဟသိတသောမနဿာနိ နာမ.

In the passage beginning, 'Six kinds of joy based on the household life,' it is said: 'When joy arises in one who contemplates the acquisition of forms cognizable by the eye that are wished for, dear, agreeable, delightful, and connected with worldly acquisitions, or in one who recollects forms previously acquired that are past, ceased, and changed—whatever joy is of such a kind, this is called joy based on the household life' (MN 3.306). Thus, the kinds of joy dependent on the qualities of sensual pleasure, spoken of in connection with the six sense doors, are called the six kinds of joy based on the household life.

‘‘ရူပါနံ တွေဝ အနိစ္စတံ ဝိဒိတွာ ဝိပရိဏာမဝိရာဂနိရောဓံ ‘ပုဗ္ဗေ စေဝ ရူပါ ဧတရဟိ စ, သဗ္ဗေ တေ ရူပါ အနိစ္စာ ဒုက္ခာ ဝိပရိဏာမဓမ္မာ’တိ ဧဝမေတံ ယထာဘူတံ သမ္မပ္ပညာယ ပဿတော ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ သောမနဿံ. ယံ ဧဝရူပံ သောမနဿံ, ဣဒံ ဝုစ္စတိ နေက္ခမ္မသိတံ သောမနဿ’’န္တိ (မ. နိ. ၃.၃၀၆) ဧဝံ ဆသု ဒွါရေသု ဣဋ္ဌာရမ္မဏေ အာပါထဂတေ အနိစ္စတာဒိဝသေန ဝိပဿနံ ပဋ္ဌပေတွာ ဥဿုက္ကာပေတုံ သက္ကောန္တဿ ‘‘ဥဿုက္ကိတာ မေ ဝိပဿနာ’’တိ သောမနဿဇာတဿ ဥပ္ပန္နသောမနဿာနိ ဆ နေက္ခမ္မသိတသောမနဿာနိ နာမ.

“Having understood the impermanence of forms themselves, their changing, fading away, and cessation, and seeing with right wisdom as it really is that ‘Forms in the past and forms at present—all those forms are impermanent, suffering, and subject to change,’ joy arises. Whatever joy is of such a kind, this is called joy based on renunciation” (MN 3.306). Thus, when a desirable object comes into the range of the six doors, for one who is able to arouse insight—having established it by way of impermanence and so on—the joys that arise for one in whom joy is born, thinking, “My insight has been aroused,” are called the six kinds of joy based on renunciation.

‘‘စက္ခုဝိညေယျာနံ ရူပါနံ ဣဋ္ဌာနံ ကန္တာနံ မနာပါနံ မနောရမာနံ လောကာမိသပဋိသံယုတ္တာနံ အပ္ပဋိလာဘံ ဝါ အပ္ပဋိလာဘတော သမနုပဿတော ပုဗ္ဗေ ဝါ ပဋိလဒ္ဓပုဗ္ဗံ အတီတံ နိရုဒ္ဓံ ဝိပရိဏတံ သမနုဿရတော ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ ဒေါမနဿံ. ယံ ဧဝရူပံ ဒေါမနဿံ, ဣဒံ ဝုစ္စတိ ဂေဟသိတံ ဒေါမနဿ’’န္တိ. ဧဝံ ဆသု ဒွါရေသု ‘‘ဣဋ္ဌာရမ္မဏံ နာနုဘဝိဿာမိ နာနုဘဝါမီ’’တိ ဝိတက္ကယတော ဥပ္ပန္နာနိ ကာမဂုဏနိဿိတဒေါမနဿာနိ ဆ ဂေဟသိတဒေါမနဿာနိ နာမ.

“When displeasure arises in one who contemplates the non-acquisition of forms cognizable by the eye that are wished for, dear, agreeable, delightful, and connected with worldly acquisitions, or in one who recollects that forms previously acquired are past, ceased, and changed—whatever displeasure is of such a kind, this is called displeasure based on the household life.” Thus, the kinds of displeasure dependent on the qualities of sensual pleasure that arise at the six doors for one who thinks, “I will not experience the desirable object,” or “I am not experiencing it,” are called the six kinds of displeasure based on the household life.

‘‘ရူပါနံ တွေဝ အနိစ္စတံ ဝိဒိတွာ ဝိပရိဏာမဝိရာဂနိရောဓံ ‘ပုဗ္ဗေ စေဝ ရူပါ ဧတရဟိ စ, သဗ္ဗေ တေ ရူပါ အနိစ္စာ ဒုက္ခာ ဝိပရိဏာမဓမ္မာ’တိ ဧဝမေတံ ယထာဘူတံ သမ္မပ္ပညာယ ဒိသွာ အနုတ္တရေသု ဝိမောက္ခေသု ပိဟံ ဥပဋ္ဌာပေတိ ‘ကုဒါဿု နာမာဟံ တဒါယတနံ ဥပသမ္ပဇ္ဇ ဝိဟရိဿာမိ, ယဒရိယာ ဧတရဟိ အာယတနံ ဥပသမ္ပဇ္ဇ ဝိဟရန္တီ’’တိ. ဣတိ အနုတ္တရေသု ဝိမောက္ခေသု ပိဟံ ဥပဋ္ဌာပယတော ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ ပိဟပစ္စယာ ဒေါမနဿံ. ယံ ဧဝရူပံ ဒေါမနဿံ, ဣဒံ ဝုစ္စတိ နေက္ခမ္မသိတံ ဒေါမနဿန္တိ; ဧဝံ ဆသု ဒွါရေသု ဣဋ္ဌာရမ္မဏေ အာပါထဂတေ အနုတ္တရဝိမောက္ခသင်္ခါတအရိယဖလဓမ္မေသု ပိဟံ ဥပဋ္ဌာပေတွာ တဒဓိဂမာယ အနိစ္စတာဒိဝသေန ဝိပဿနံ ပဋ္ဌပေတွာ ဥဿုက္ကာပေတုံ အသက္ကောန္တဿ ‘‘ဣမမ္ပိ ပက္ခံ ဣမမ္ပိ မာသံ ဣမမ္ပိ သံဝစ္ဆရံ ဝိပဿနံ ဥဿုက္ကာပေတွာ အရိယဘူမိံ ပါပုဏိတုံ နာသက္ခိ’’န္တိ အနုသောစတော ဥပ္ပန္နာနိ ဒေါမနဿာနိ ဆ နေက္ခမ္မသိတဒေါမနဿာနိ နာမ.

“Having understood the impermanence of forms themselves, their changing, fading away, and cessation, and seeing with right wisdom as it really is that ‘Forms in the past and forms at present—all those forms are impermanent, suffering, and subject to change,’ one establishes longing for the unsurpassed liberations: ‘When, indeed, will I attain and dwell in that sphere which the noble ones now attain and dwell in?’ Thus, for one who establishes longing for the unsurpassed liberations, displeasure arises on account of that longing. Whatever displeasure is of such a kind, this is called displeasure based on renunciation.” Thus, when a desirable object comes into the range of the six doors, for one who is unable to arouse insight for its attainment—having established longing for the noble fruition-states called the unsurpassed liberations and having established insight by way of impermanence and so on—the kinds of displeasure that arise for one who grieves, thinking, “For this fortnight, this month, this year, though I have aroused insight, I have not been able to reach the noble state,” are called the six kinds of displeasure based on renunciation.

‘‘စက္ခုနာ ရူပံ ဒိသွာ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ ဥပေက္ခာ ဗာလဿ မူဠှဿ ပုထုဇ္ဇနဿ အနောဓိဇိနဿ အဝိပါကဇိနဿ အနာဒီနဝဒဿာဝိနော အဿုတဝတော ပုထုဇ္ဇနဿ[Pg.124]. ယာ ဧဝရူပါ ဥပေက္ခာ, ရူပံ သာ နာတိဝတ္တတိ, တသ္မာ သာ ဥပေက္ခာ ဂေဟသိတာတိ ဝုစ္စတီ’’တိ; ဧဝံ ဆသု ဒွါရေသု ဣဋ္ဌာရမ္မဏေ အာပါထဂတေ ဂုဠပိဏ္ဍကေ နိလီနမက္ခိကာ ဝိယ ရူပါဒီနိ အနတိဝတ္တမာနာ တတ္ထေဝ လဂ္ဂါ လဂ္ဂိတာ ဟုတွာ ဥပ္ပန္နကာမဂုဏနိဿိတာ ဥပေက္ခာ ဆ ဂေဟသိတဥပေက္ခာ နာမ.

“Having seen a form with the eye, equanimity arises in a foolish, deluded ordinary person, one who has not conquered the boundaries, who has not conquered the results, who does not see the danger, an uninstructed ordinary person. Such equanimity does not transcend form; therefore, that equanimity is called ‘based on the household life.’” Thus, when a desirable object comes into the range of the six doors, the kinds of equanimity dependent on the qualities of sensual pleasure that arise—not transcending forms and so on, but, like a fly settled on a ball of molasses, having become stuck and attached right there—are called the six kinds of equanimity based on the household life.

‘‘ရူပါနံ တွေဝ အနိစ္စတံ ဝိဒိတွာ ဝိပရိဏာမဝိရာဂနိရောဓံ ပုဗ္ဗေ စေဝ ရူပါ ဧတရဟိ စ, ‘သဗ္ဗေ တေ ရူပါ အနိစ္စာ ဒုက္ခာ ဝိပရိဏာမဓမ္မာ’တိ ဧဝမေတံ ယထာဘူတံ သမ္မပ္ပညာယ ပဿတော ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ ဥပေက္ခာ. ယာ ဧဝရူပါ ဥပေက္ခာ, ရူပံ သာ အတိဝတ္တတိ, တသ္မာ သာ ဥပေက္ခာ နေက္ခမ္မသိတာတိ ဝုစ္စတီ’’တိ; ဧဝံ ဆသု ဒွါရေသု ဣဋ္ဌာဒိအာရမ္မဏေ အာပါထဂတေ ဣဋ္ဌေ အရဇ္ဇန္တဿ အနိဋ္ဌေ အဒုဿန္တဿ အသမပေက္ခနေ အမုယှန္တဿ ဥပ္ပန္နာ ဝိပဿနာဉာဏသမ္ပယုတ္တာ ဥပေက္ခာ နေက္ခမ္မသိတဥပေက္ခာ နာမ. ဣမသ္မိံ သုတ္တေ သဗ္ဗသင်္ဂါဟကော စတုဘူမကဓမ္မပရိစ္ဆေဒေါ ကထိတော. တတိယာဒီနိ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထာနေဝ.

“Having understood the impermanence of forms themselves, their changing, fading away, and cessation, and seeing with right wisdom as it really is that ‘Forms in the past and forms at present—all those forms are impermanent, suffering, and subject to change,’ equanimity arises. Such equanimity transcends form; therefore, that equanimity is called ‘based on renunciation.’” Thus, when a desirable or other object comes into the range of the six doors, the equanimity associated with insight-knowledge that arises in one who is not attached to the desirable, not repulsed by the undesirable, and not deluded in what is to be regarded with equanimity, is called equanimity based on renunciation. In this sutta, a comprehensive classification of phenomena of the four planes is taught. The third and following suttas are of clear meaning.

၁၁. နိရာမိသသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

11. Commentary on the Spiritual Discourse

၂၇၉. ဧကာဒသမေ သာမိသာတိ ကိလေသာမိသေန သာမိသာ. နိရာမိသတရာတိ နိရာမိသာယပိ ဈာနပီတိယာ နိရာမိသတရာဝ. နနု စ ဒွီသု ဈာနေသု ပီတိ မဟဂ္ဂတာပိ ဟောတိ လောကုတ္တရာပိ, ပစ္စဝေက္ခဏပီတိ လောကိယာဝ, သာ ကသ္မာ နိရာမိသတရာ ဇာတာတိ? သန္တပဏီတဓမ္မပစ္စဝေက္ခဏဝသေန ဥပ္ပန္နတ္တာ. ယထာ ဟိ ရာဇဝလ္လဘော စူဠုပဋ္ဌာကော အပ္ပဋိဟာရိကံ ယထာသုခံ ရာဇကုလံ ပဝိသန္တော သေဋ္ဌိသေနာပတိအာဒယော ပါဒေန ပဟရန္တောပိ န ဂဏေတိ. ကသ္မာ? ရညော အာသန္နပရိစာရကတ္တာ. ဣတိ သော တေဟိ ဥတ္တရိတရော ဟောတိ, ဧဝမယမ္ပိ သန္တပဏီတဓမ္မပစ္စဝေက္ခဏဝသေန ဥပ္ပန္နတ္တာ လောကုတ္တရပီတိတောပိ ဥတ္တရိတရာတိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ. သေသဝါရေသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော.

279. In the eleventh discourse, 'with allure' (sāmisa) means with the allure of the defilements. 'More without allure' (nirāmisatara) means even more without allure than the joy of jhāna, which is without allure. But is not the joy in the two jhānas both sublime (mahaggata) and supramundane (lokuttara)? Reflective joy, however, is mundane (lokiya). So why has it become 'more without allure'? Because it arises by means of reflecting on the peaceful and sublime Dhamma. Just as a royal favorite, a young attendant, entering the royal palace at will without hindrance, pays no mind even if he strikes great treasurers, generals, and so on with his foot. Why? Because of being a close attendant to the king. Thus he is superior to them. Similarly, this joy, because it arises by means of reflecting on the peaceful and sublime Dhamma, should be understood as superior even to supramundane joy. This same method should be understood in the remaining sections as well.

ဝိမောက္ခဝါရေ ပန ရူပပဋိသံယုတ္တော ဝိမောက္ခော အတ္တနော အာရမ္မဏဘူတေန ရူပါမိသဝသေနေဝ သာမိသော နာမ, အရူပပဋိသံယုတ္တော ရူပါမိသာဘာဝေန နိရာမိသော နာမာတိ.

In the section on liberations, a liberation connected with form is called 'with allure' by means of the allure of form which is its own object. A liberation not connected with form is called 'without allure' because of the absence of the allure of form.

ဝေဒနာသံယုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Connected Discourses on Feeling is concluded.

၃. မာတုဂါမသံယုတ္တံ

3. The Connected Discourses on Women

၁. ပဌမပေယျာလဝဂ္ဂေါ

1. The First Abbreviation Chapter

၁-၂. မာတုဂါမသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

1-2. Commentary on the Discourses Beginning with the Discourse on Women

၂၈၀-၂၈၁. မာတုဂါမသံယုတ္တဿ [Pg.125] ပဌမေ အင်္ဂေဟီတိ အဂုဏင်္ဂေဟိ. န စ ရူပဝါတိ န ရူပသမ္ပန္နော ဝိရူပေါ ဒုဒ္ဒသိကော. န စ ဘောဂဝါတိ န ဘောဂသမ္ပန္နော နိဒ္ဓနော. န စ သီလဝါတိ န သီလသမ္ပန္နော ဒုဿီလော. အလသော စာတိ ကန္တနပစနာဒီနိ ကမ္မာနိ ကာတုံ န သက္ကောတိ, ကုသီတော အာလသိယော နိသိန္နဋ္ဌာနေ နိသိန္နောဝ, ဌိတဌာနေ ဌိတောဝ နိဒ္ဒါယတိ ဧဝ. ပဇဉ္စဿ န လဘတီတိ အဿ ပုရိသဿ ကုလဝံသပတိဋ္ဌာပကံ ပုတ္တံ န လဘတိ, ဝဉ္ဈိတ္ထီ နာမ ဟောတိ. သုက္ကပက္ခော ဝုတ္တဝိပရိယာယေန ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. ဒုတိယံ ပဌမေ ဝုတ္တနယေနေဝ ပရိဝတ္တေတဗ္ဗံ.

In the first sutta of the Mātugāma Saṃyutta, 'with qualities' means with bad qualities. 'Not beautiful' means not endowed with beauty, ugly, unpleasant to look at. 'Not wealthy' means not endowed with wealth, poor. 'Not virtuous' means not endowed with virtue, immoral. 'And lazy' means she is unable to do tasks such as spinning and cooking; she is indolent, slothful; she just sits where she sits, and just stands where she stands; she just sleeps. 'And she does not obtain offspring for him' means she does not obtain for that man a son who would establish the family lineage; she is called a barren woman. The bright side should be understood in the opposite way to what has been said. The second sutta should be adapted by applying the qualities to the man in the same way as stated in the first.

၃. အာဝေဏိကဒုက္ခသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

3. Commentary on the Discourse on Exclusive Suffering

၂၈၂. တတိယေ အာဝေဏိကာနီတိ ပါဋိပုဂ္ဂလိကာနိ ပုရိသေဟိ အသာဓာရဏာနိ. ပါရိစရိယန္တိ ပရိစာရိကဘာဝံ.

282. In the third discourse, 'unique' means individual, not shared with men. 'Service' means the state of being an attendant.

၄. တီဟိဓမ္မေဟိသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

4. Commentary on the Discourses Beginning with the Discourse on Three Qualities

၂၈၃-၃၀၃. စတုတ္ထေ မစ္ဆေရမလပရိယုဋ္ဌိတေနာတိ ပုဗ္ဗဏှသမယသ္မိဉှိ မာတုဂါမော ခီရဒဓိသင်္ဂေါပနရန္ဓနပစနာဒီနိ ကာတုံ အာရဒ္ဓေါ, ပုတ္တကေဟိပိ ယာစိယမာနော ကိဉ္စိ ဒါတုံ န ဣစ္ဆတိ. တေနေတံ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘ပုဗ္ဗဏှသမယံ မစ္ဆေရမလပရိယုဋ္ဌိတေန စေတသာ’’တိ. မဇ္ဈနှိကသမယေ ပန မာတုဂါမော ကောဓာဘိဘူတောဝ ဟောတိ, အန္တောဃရေ ကလဟံ အလဘန္တော ပဋိဝိဿကဃရမ္ပိ ဂန္တွာ ကလဟံ ကရောတိ, သာမိကဿ စ ဌိတနိသိန္နဋ္ဌာနာနိ ဝိလောကေန္တော ဝိစရတိ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘မဇ္ဈနှိကသမယံ ဣဿာပရိယုဋ္ဌိတေန စေတသာ’’တိ. သာယနှေ ပနဿာ အသဒ္ဓမ္မပဋိသေဝနာယ စိတ္တံ နမတိ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘သာယနှသမယံ ကာမရာဂပရိယုဋ္ဌိတေန စေတသာ’’တိ. ပဉ္စမာဒီနိ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထာနေဝ.

In the fourth discourse, 'overrun by the stain of stinginess' is said because in the morning a woman, having started to do tasks like storing milk and curd and cooking, does not wish to give anything even when asked by her young children. Therefore it was said: 'in the morning, with a mind overrun by the stain of stinginess.' At midday, a woman is overcome by anger; not finding a quarrel in the house, she goes to a neighbor’s house and makes a quarrel, and she wanders about, eyeing the places where her husband stands and sits. Therefore it was said: 'at midday, with a mind overrun by jealousy.' In the evening, her mind inclines towards engaging in wrong practice. Therefore it was said: 'in the evening, with a mind overrun by sensual lust.' The fifth and following discourses have an obvious meaning.

၃. ဗလဝဂ္ဂေါ

3. The Chapter on Strength

၁. ဝိသာရဒသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

1. Commentary on the Discourse on Assurance

၃၀၄. ဒသမေ [Pg.126] ရူပဗလန္တိအာဒီသု ရူပသမ္ပတ္တိ ရူပဗလံ, ဘောဂသမ္ပတ္တိ ဘောဂဗလံ, ဉာတိသမ္ပတ္တိ ဉာတိဗလံ, ပုတ္တသမ္ပတ္တိ ပုတ္တဗလံ, သီလသမ္ပတ္တိ သီလဗလံ. ပဉ္စသီလဒသသီလာနိ အခဏ္ဍာနိ ကတွာ ရက္ခန္တဿ ဟိ သီလသမ္ပတ္တိယေဝ သီလဗလံ နာမ ဟောတိ. ဣမာနိ ခေါ ဘိက္ခဝေ ပဉ္စ ဗလာနီတိ ဣမာနိ ပဉ္စ ဥပတ္ထမ္ဘနဋ္ဌေန ဗလာနိ နာမ ဝုစ္စန္တိ.

304. In the tenth discourse, regarding 'the strength of form' and so on: the excellence of form is the strength of form; the excellence of wealth is the strength of wealth; the excellence of relatives is the strength of relatives; the excellence of sons is the strength of sons; the excellence of virtue is the strength of virtue. Indeed, for one who keeps the five precepts or the ten precepts unbroken, the excellence of virtue itself is called the strength of virtue. 'These, bhikkhus, are the five strengths'—these five are called strengths in the sense of support.

၂-၁၀. ပသယှသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

2-10. Commentary on the Discourses Beginning with 'Overpowering'

၃၀၅-၃၁၃. ပသယှာတိ အဘိဘဝိတွာ. အဘိဘုယျ ဝတ္တတီတိ အဘိဘဝတိ အဇ္ဈောတ္ထရတိ. နေဝ ရူပဗလံ တာယတီတိ နေဝ ရူပဗလံ တာယိတုံ ရက္ခိတုံ သက္ကောတိ. နာသေန္တေဝ နံ, ကုလေ န ဝါသေန္တီတိ ‘‘ဒုဿီလာ သံဘိန္နာစာရာ အတိက္ကန္တမရိယာဒါ’’တိ ဂီဝါယံ ဂဟေတွာ နီဟရန္တိ, န တသ္မိံ ကုလေ ဝါသေန္တိ. ဝါသေန္တေဝ နံ ကုလေ, န နာသေန္တီတိ ‘‘ကိံ ရူပေန ဘောဂါဒီဟိ ဝါ, ပရိသုဒ္ဓသီလာ ဧသာ အာစာရသမ္ပန္နာ’’တိ ဉတွာ ဉာတကာ တသ္မိံ ကုလေ ဝါသေန္တိယေဝ, န နာသေန္တိ. သေသံ သဗ္ဗတ္ထ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထမေဝါတိ.

'Overpowering' means having overcome. 'He lives overpowering' means he overcomes, he overwhelms. 'The power of form does not protect' means the power of form is not able to protect or guard. 'They destroy her, they do not keep her in the family' means, saying, 'She is immoral, of corrupt conduct, transgressing boundaries,' they seize her by the neck and expel her; they do not keep her in that family. 'They keep her in the family, they do not destroy her' means, knowing, 'What use is form or wealth and so on? She is of purified virtue, accomplished in conduct,' the relatives keep her in that family; they do not destroy her. The rest is clear in meaning throughout.

မာတုဂါမသံယုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Connected Discourses Concerning Women is concluded.

၄. ဇမ္ဗုခါဒကသံယုတ္တံ

4. The Connected Discourses on Jambukhādaka

၁. နိဗ္ဗာနပဉှာသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

1. Commentary on the Discourse on Questions about Nibbāna

၃၁၄. ဇမ္ဗုခါဒကသံယုတ္တေ [Pg.127] ဇမ္ဗုခါဒကော ပရိဗ္ဗာဇကောတိ ဧဝံနာမော ထေရဿ ဘာဂိနေယျော ဆန္နပရိဗ္ဗာဇကော. ယော ခေါ အာဝုသော ရာဂက္ခယောတိ နိဗ္ဗာနံ အာဂမ္မ ရာဂေါ ခီယတိ, တသ္မာ နိဗ္ဗာနံ ရာဂက္ခယောတိ ဝုစ္စတိ. ဒေါသမောဟက္ခယေသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော.

314. In the Jambukhādaka Saṃyutta, Jambukhādaka the wanderer was the nephew of the Elder Sāriputta. As for 'Friend, the destruction of lust': because lust is destroyed on account of Nibbāna, therefore Nibbāna is called the destruction of lust. This same principle applies to the destruction of hatred and delusion.

ယော ပန ဣမိနာဝ သုတ္တေန ကိလေသက္ခယမတ္တံ နိဗ္ဗာနန္တိ ဝဒေယျ, သော ဝတ္တဗ္ဗော ‘‘ကဿ ကိလေသာနံ ခယော, ကိံ အတ္တနော, ဥဒါဟု ပရေသ’’န္တိ? အဒ္ဓါ ‘‘အတ္တနော’’တိ ဝက္ခတိ. တတော ပုစ္ဆိတဗ္ဗော ‘‘ဂေါတြဘုဉာဏဿ ကိံ အာရမ္မဏ’’န္တိ? ဇာနမာနော ‘‘နိဗ္ဗာန’’န္တိ ဝက္ခတိ. ကိံ ပန ဂေါတြဘုဉာဏက္ခဏေ ကိလေသာ ခီဏာ ခီယန္တိ ခီယိဿန္တီတိ? ‘‘ခီဏာ’’တိ ဝါ ‘‘ခီယန္တီ’’တိ ဝါ န ဝတ္တဗ္ဗာ, ‘‘ခီယိဿန္တီ’’တိ ပန ဝတ္တဗ္ဗာတိ. ကိံ ပန တေသု အခီဏေသုယေဝ ကိလေသေသု ဂေါတြဘုဉာဏံ ကိလေသက္ခယံ အာရမ္မဏံ ကရောတီတိ? အဒ္ဓါ ဧဝံ ဝုတ္တေ နိရုတ္တရော ဘဝိဿတိ.

But if someone were to say that Nibbāna is merely the destruction of defilements based on this very discourse, they should be asked: 'Whose defilements are destroyed? One's own or another's?' Surely, they would say, 'One's own.' Then they should be asked: 'What is the object of gotrabhū-knowledge?' Knowing, they would say, 'Nibbāna.' But at the moment of gotrabhū-knowledge, are the defilements destroyed, being destroyed, or to be destroyed? It should not be said that they are 'destroyed' or 'being destroyed,' but rather that they 'will be destroyed.' But with those defilements not yet destroyed, does gotrabhū-knowledge take the destruction of defilements as its object? Surely, when this is said, they will be without an answer.

မဂ္ဂဉာဏေနာပိ စေတံ ယောဇေတဗ္ဗံ. မဂ္ဂက္ခဏေပိ ဟိ ကိလေသာ ‘‘ခီဏာ’’တိ ဝါ ‘‘ခီယိဿန္တီ’’တိ ဝါ န ဝတ္တဗ္ဗာ, ‘‘ခီယန္တီ’’တိ ပန ဝတ္တဗ္ဗာ, န စ အခီဏေသုယေဝ ကိလေသေသု ကိလေသက္ခယော အာရမ္မဏံ ဟောတိ, တသ္မာ သမ္ပဋိစ္ဆိတဗ္ဗမေတံ. ယံ အာဂမ္မ ရာဂါဒယော ခီယန္တိ, တံ နိဗ္ဗာနံ. တံ ပနေတံ ‘‘ရူပိနော ဓမ္မာ အရူပိနော ဓမ္မာ’’တိအာဒီသု (ဓ. သ. ဒုကမာတိကာ ၁၁) ဒုကေသု အရူပိနော ဓမ္မာတိ သင်္ဂဟိတတ္တာ န ကိလေသက္ခယမတ္တမေဝါတိ.

This should also be applied with path-knowledge. Indeed, even at the moment of the path, it should not be said that the defilements are 'destroyed' or 'will be destroyed,' but rather that they are 'being destroyed.' And the destruction of defilements is not the object while the defilements themselves are not yet destroyed. Therefore, this is to be accepted. Nibbāna is that on account of which lust and other defilements are destroyed. Furthermore, this Nibbāna is not merely the destruction of defilements, for it is included under 'formless phenomena' in the dyads such as 'phenomena with form, formless phenomena' (Dhs. Dukamātikā 11).

၂. အရဟတ္တပဉှာသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

2. Commentary on the Arahattapañhā Sutta

၃၁၅. အရဟတ္တပဉှဗျာကရဏေ ယသ္မာ အရဟတ္တံ ရာဂဒေါသမောဟာနံ ခီဏန္တေ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ, တသ္မာ ‘‘ရာဂက္ခယော ဒေါသက္ခယော မောဟက္ခယော’’တိ ဝုတ္တံ.

315. In the explanation of the questions concerning Arahantship, since Arahantship arises at the end of the destruction of lust, hatred, and delusion, it is therefore said: 'the destruction of lust, the destruction of hatred, the destruction of delusion.'

၃-၁၅. ဓမ္မဝါဒီပဉှာသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

3–15. Commentary on the Dhammavādīpañhā Sutta and so forth

၃၁၆-၃၂၈. တေ [Pg.128] လောကေ သုဂတာတိ တေ ရာဂါဒယော ပဟာယ ဂတတ္တာ သုဋ္ဌု ဂတာတိ သုဂတာ. ဒုက္ခဿ ခေါ အာဝုသော ပရိညတ္ထန္တိ ဝဋ္ဋဒုက္ခဿ ပရိဇာနနတ္ထံ. ဒုက္ခတာတိ ဒုက္ခသဘာဝေါ. ဒုက္ခဒုက္ခတာတိအာဒီသု ဒုက္ခသင်္ခါတော ဒုက္ခသဘာဝေါ ဒုက္ခဒုက္ခတာ. သေသပဒဒွယေပိ ဧသေဝ နယော.

316–328. As for 'Te loke sugatā': they are called 'Sugata' because, having abandoned lust and so forth, they have gone well; thus they are 'well-gone.' As for 'Dukkhassa kho āvuso pariññatthaṃ': it means for the sake of fully understanding the suffering of the round of existence. As for 'Dukkhatā': it means the nature of suffering. In passages such as 'dukkha-dukkhatā', the state with the nature of suffering, designated as 'suffering', is 'dukkha-dukkhatā'. This same method should be understood for the remaining two terms as well.

၁၆. ဒုက္ကရပဉှာသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

16. Commentary on the Dukkarapañhā Sutta

၃၂၉. အဘိရတီတိ ပဗ္ဗဇ္ဇာယ အနုက္ကဏ္ဌနတာ. နစိရံ အာဝုသောတိ အာဝုသော ဓမ္မာနုဓမ္မပ္ပဋိပန္နော ဘိက္ခု ‘‘ပါတော အနုသိဋ္ဌော သာယံ ဝိသေသမဓိဂမိဿတိ, သာယံ အနုသိဋ္ဌော ပါတော ဝိသေသမဓိဂမိဿတီ’’တိ (မ. နိ. ၂.၃၄၅) ဝုတ္တတ္တာ ဃဋေန္တော ဝါယမန္တော နစိရဿံ လဟုယေဝ အရဟံ အဿ, အရဟတ္တေ ပတိဋ္ဌဟေယျာတိ ဒဿေတိ. သေသံ သဗ္ဗတ္ထ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထမေဝါတိ.

329. As for 'Abhirati': it is the state of not being discontented with the monastic life. As for 'Naciraṃ āvuso': because it was said, 'If instructed in the morning, he will attain a special distinction in the evening; if instructed in the evening, he will attain a special distinction in the morning' (MN 2.345), it shows this meaning: 'Friend, a monk practicing in accordance with the Dhamma, by striving and making an effort, would before long, quickly indeed, become an Arahant and be established in Arahantship.' The rest has an obvious meaning everywhere.

ဇမ္ဗုခါဒကသံယုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Jambukhādaka Saṃyutta is concluded.

၅. သာမဏ္ဍကသံယုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

5. Commentary on the Sāmaṇḍaka Saṃyutta

၃၃၀-၃၃၁. သာမဏ္ဍကသံယုတ္တေပိ ဣမိနာဝ နယေန အတ္ထော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော.

330–331. In the Sāmaṇḍaka Saṃyutta also, the meaning should be understood by this very method.

သာမဏ္ဍကသံယုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Sāmaṇḍaka Saṃyutta is concluded.

၆. မောဂ္ဂလ္လာနသံယုတ္တံ

6. The Moggallāna Saṃyutta

၁-၈. ပဌမဈာနပဉှာသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

1–8. Commentary on the Paṭhamajhānapañhā Sutta and so forth

၃၃၂-၃၃၉. မောဂ္ဂလ္လာနသံယုတ္တေ [Pg.129] ကာမသဟဂတာတိ ပဉ္စနီဝရဏသဟဂတာ. တဿ ဟိ ပဌမဇ္ဈာနဝုဋ္ဌိတဿ ပဉ္စ နီဝရဏာနိ သန္တတော ဥပဋ္ဌဟိံသု. တေနဿ တံ ပဌမဇ္ဈာနံ ဟာနဘာဂိယံ နာမ အဟောသိ. တံ ပမာဒံ ဉတွာ သတ္ထာ ‘‘မာ ပမာဒေါ’’တိ ဩဝါဒံ အဒါသိ. ဒုတိယဇ္ဈာနာဒီသုပိ ဣမိနာဝ နယေန အတ္ထော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. အာရမ္မဏသဟဂတမေဝ ဟေတ္ထ ‘‘သဟဂတ’’န္တိ ဝုတ္တံ.

332–339. In the Moggallāna Saṃyutta, as for 'kāmasahagatā': it means accompanied by the five hindrances. For when he had arisen from the first jhāna, the five hindrances appeared to him in a tranquil manner. Because of that, that first jhāna became for him one that partakes in decline. Knowing that negligence, the Teacher gave the instruction, 'Do not be negligent.' In the case of the second jhāna and so on, the meaning should be understood in this same way. Here, it is only accompaniment by way of object that is called 'sahagata'.

၉. အနိမိတ္တပဉှာသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

9. Commentary on the Animittapañhā Sutta

၃၄၀. အနိမိတ္တံ စေတောသမာဓိန္တိ နိစ္စနိမိတ္တာဒီနိ ပဟာယ ပဝတ္တံ ဝိပဿနာသမာဓိံယေဝ သန္ဓာယေတံ ဝုတ္တန္တိ. နိမိတ္တာနုသာရိ ဝိညာဏံ ဟောတီတိ ဧဝံ ဣမိနာ ဝိပဿနာသမာဓိဝိဟာရေန ဝိဟရတော ဝိပဿနာဉာဏေ တိက္ခေ သူရေ ဝဟမာနေ. ယထာ နာမ ပုရိသဿ တိခိဏေန ဖရသုနာ ရုက္ခံ ဆိန္ဒန္တဿ ‘‘သုဋ္ဌု ဝတ မေ ဖရသု ဝဟတီ’’တိ ခဏေ ခဏေ ဖရသုဓာရံ ဩလောကေန္တဿ ဆေဇ္ဇကိစ္စံ န နိပ္ဖဇ္ဇတိ, ဧဝံ ထေရဿာပိ ‘‘သူရံ ဝတ မေ ဟုတွာ ဉာဏံ ဝဟတီ’’တိ ဝိပဿနံ အာရဗ္ဘ နိကန္တိ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ. အထ ဝိပဿနာကိစ္စံ သာဓေတုံ နာသက္ခိ. တံ သန္ဓာယ ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘နိမိတ္တာနုသာရိ ဝိညာဏံ ဟောတီ’’တိ. သဗ္ဗနိမိတ္တာနံ အမနသိကာရာ အနိမိတ္တံ စေတောသမာဓိံ ဥပသမ္ပဇ္ဇ ဝိဟာသိန္တိ သဗ္ဗေသံ နိစ္စသုခအတ္တနိမိတ္တာနံ အမနသိကာရေန အနိမိတ္တံ ဝုဋ္ဌာနဂါမိနိဝိပဿနာသမ္ပယုတ္တံ စေတောသမာဓိံ နိဗ္ဗာနာရမ္မဏံ ဥပရိမဂ္ဂဖလသမာဓိံ ဥပသမ္ပဇ္ဇ ဝိဟာသိံ.

340. As for 'Animittaṃ cetosamādhiṃ': this is said referring only to the insight-concentration that occurs by abandoning the signs of permanence and so forth. As for 'Nimittānusāri viññāṇaṃ hoti': for one dwelling by means of this abiding in insight-concentration, when the insight-knowledge is proceeding, being sharp and valiant. Just as for a man cutting a tree with a sharp axe, if he were to look at the axe-blade moment by moment thinking, 'Indeed, my axe serves its purpose very well!', the task of cutting would not be accomplished; similarly, for the Elder, a craving for delight arises with respect to his insight, thinking, 'Indeed, my knowledge proceeds, being valiant!' Referring to that, it is said, 'nimittānusāri viññāṇaṃ hoti'. As for 'Sabbanimittānaṃ amanasikārā animittaṃ cetosamādhiṃ upasampajja vihāsiṃ': 'I dwelt having attained the signless concentration of mind—which is associated with insight leading to emergence—by not attending to all the signs of permanence, pleasure, and self; and I dwelt having attained the concentration of the higher path and fruition, which has Nibbāna as its object.'

၁၀-၁၁. သက္ကသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

10–11. Commentary on the Sakka Sutta and So Forth

၃၄၁-၃၄၂. အဝေစ္စပ္ပသာဒေနာတိ အစလပ္ပသာဒေန. ဒသဟိ ဌာနေဟီတိ ဒသဟိ ကာရဏေဟိ. အဓိဂဏှန္တီတိ အဘိဘဝန္တိ, အတိက္ကမိတွာ တိဋ္ဌန္တိ. သေသံ သဗ္ဗတ္ထ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထမေဝါတိ.

341–342. Aveccappasādena means with unshakeable confidence. Dasahi ṭhānehi means by ten reasons. Adhigaṇhanti means they conquer, they surpass, they stand beyond. The rest has an obvious meaning everywhere.

မောဂ္ဂလ္လာနသံယုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Moggallāna Saṃyutta is concluded.

၇. စိတ္တသံယုတ္တံ

7. The Citta Saṃyutta

၁. သံယောဇနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

1. Commentary on the Saṃyojana Sutta

၃၄၃. စိတ္တသံယုတ္တဿ [Pg.130] ပဌမေ မစ္ဆိကာသဏ္ဍေတိ ဧဝံနာမကေ ဝနသဏ္ဍေ. အယမန္တရာကထာ ဥဒပါဒီတိ ပေါရာဏကတ္ထေရာ အတိရစ္ဆာနကထာ ဟောန္တိ, နိသိန္နနိသိန္နဋ္ဌာနေ ပဉှံ သမုဋ္ဌာပေတွာ အဇာနန္တာ ပုစ္ဆန္တိ, ဇာနန္တာ ဝိဿဇ္ဇေန္တိ, တေန နေသံ အယံ ကထာ ဥဒပါဒိ. မိဂပထကန္တိ ဧဝံနာမကံ အတ္တနော ဘောဂဂါမံ. သော ကိရ အမ္ဗာဋကာရာမဿ ပိဋ္ဌိဘာဂေ ဟောတိ. တေနုပသင်္ကမီတိ ‘‘ထေရာနံ ပဉှံ ဝိဿဇ္ဇေတွာ ဖာသုဝိဟာရံ ကတွာ ဒဿာမီ’’တိ စိန္တေတွာ ဥပသင်္ကမိ. ဂမ္ဘီရေ ဗုဒ္ဓဝစနေတိ အတ္ထဂမ္ဘီရေ စေဝ ဓမ္မဂမ္ဘီရေ စ ဗုဒ္ဓဝစနေ. ပညာစက္ခု ကမတီတိ ဉာဏစက္ခု ဝဟတိ ပဝတ္တတိ.

343. In the first sutta of the Citta Saṃyutta, macchikāsaṇḍa means a forest grove of that name. Ayamantarākathā udapādi means this: the ancient elders are not given to worldly talk; therefore, wherever they sit, they raise a question. Those who do not know ask, and those who know answer. For that reason, this talk arose for them. Migapathaka means his own village for enjoyment, named thus. It is said to be located behind the mango grove. Tenupasaṅkami means he thought, “Having answered the elders’ question, I will bring them to a comfortable abiding,” and so he approached. Gambhīre buddhavacane means in the Buddha’s word, which is deep in meaning and deep in the Dhamma. Paññācakkhu kamati means the eye of knowledge proceeds and functions.

၂. ပဌမဣသိဒတ္တသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

2. Commentary on the First Isidatta Sutta

၃၄၄. ဒုတိယေ အာယသ္မန္တံ ထေရန္တိ တေသု ထေရေသု ဇေဋ္ဌကံ မဟာထေရံ. တုဏှီ အဟောသီတိ ဇာနန္တောပိ အဝိသာရဒတ္တာ န ကိဉ္စိ ဗျာဟရိ. ဗျာကရောမဟံ ဘန္တေတိ ‘‘အယံ ထေရော နေဝ အတ္တနာ ဗျာကရောတိ, န အညေ အဇ္ဈေသတိ, ဥပါသကောပိ ဘိက္ခုသံဃံ ဝိဟေသေတိ, အဟမေတံ ဗျာကရိတွာ ဖာသုဝိဟာရံ ကတွာ ဒဿာမီ’’တိ စိန္တေတွာ အာသနတော ဝုဋ္ဌာယ ထေရဿ သန္တိကံ ဂန္တွာ ဧဝံ ဩကာသမကာသိ, ကတာဝကာသော ပန အတ္တနော အာသနေ နိသီဒိတွာ ဗျာကာသိ.

344. In the second, āyasmantaṃ theraṃ refers to the most senior elder among those elders. Tuṇhī ahosi means even though he knew, due to a lack of confidence, he did not say anything. Byākaromahaṃ bhante means thinking, “This elder neither answers himself nor requests others, and this lay follower is vexing the community of monks; I will answer this and bring them to a comfortable abiding,” he rose from his seat, approached the elder, and asked for permission. Having obtained permission, he sat down in his own seat and answered.

သဟတ္ထာတိ သဟတ္ထေန. သန္တပ္ပေသီတိ ယာဝဒိစ္ဆကံ ဒေန္တော သုဋ္ဌု တပ္ပေသိ. သမ္ပဝါရေသီတိ ‘‘အလံ အလ’’န္တိ ဟတ္ထသညာယ စေဝ ဝါစာယ စ ပဋိက္ခိပါပေသိ. ဩနီတပတ္တပါဏိနောတိ ပါဏိတော အပနီတပတ္တာ ဓောဝိတွာ ထဝိကာယ ဩသာပေတွာ အံသေ လဂ္ဂိတပတ္တာတိ အတ္ထော.

Sahatthā means with his own hand. Santappesi means giving as much as desired, he thoroughly satisfied them. Sampavāresi means he had them indicate they had had enough both by gesture and by word, saying, “Enough, enough.” Onītapattapāṇino means having bowls removed from the hand, washed, placed in a bag, and slung on the shoulder—this is the meaning.

၃. ဒုတိယဣသိဒတ္တသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

3. Commentary on the Second Isidatta Sutta

၃၄၅. တတိယေ အဝန္တိယာတိ ဒက္ခိဏာပထေ အဝန္တိရဋ္ဌေ. ကလျာဏံ ဝုစ္စတီတိ ‘‘စတူဟိ ပစ္စယေဟိ ပဋိဇဂ္ဂိဿာမီ’’တိ ဝစနံ နိဒ္ဒေါသံ အနဝဇ္ဇံ ဝုစ္စတိ တယာ ဥပါသကာတိ အဓိပ္ပာယေန ဝဒတိ.

345. In the third, avantiyā means in the Avanti country in the Southern Path. Kalyāṇaṃ vuccati means he speaks with the intention: 'Upāsaka, by you a faultless, blameless statement is spoken, namely, “I will attend with the four requisites.”'

၄. မဟကပါဋိဟာရိယသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

4. Commentary on the Mahakapāṭihāriya Sutta.

၃၄၆. စတုတ္ထေ [Pg.131] သေသကံ ဝိဿဇ္ဇေထာတိ တဿ ကိရ ထေရေဟိ သဒ္ဓိံယေဝ ကံသထာလံ ပမဇ္ဇိတွာ ပါယာသံ ဝဍ္ဎေတွာ အဒံသု. သော ဘုတ္တပါယာသော ထေရေဟိယေဝ သဒ္ဓိံ ဂန္တုကာမော စိန္တေသိ ‘‘ဃရေ တာဝ ဥပါသိကာ သေသကံ ဝိစာရေတိ, ဣဓ ပနိမေ ဒါသကမ္မကာရာ မယာ အဝုတ္တာ န ဝိစာရေဿန္တိ, ဧဝါယံ ပဏီတပါယာသော နဿိဿတီ’’တိ တေသံ အနုဇာနန္တော ဧဝမာဟ. ကုထိတန္တိ ကုဓိတံ, ဟေဋ္ဌာ သန္တတ္တာယ ဝါလိကာယ ဥပရိ အာတပေန စ အတိတိခိဏန္တိ အတ္ထော. ဣဒံ ပန တေပိဋကေ ဗုဒ္ဓဝစနေ အသမ္ဘိန္နပဒံ. ပဝေလိယမာနေနာတိ ပဋိလိယမာနေန သာဓု ခွဿ ဘန္တေတိ ‘‘ဖာသုဝိဟာရံ ကရိဿာမိ နေသ’’န္တိ စိန္တေတွာ ဧဝမာဟ.

346. In the fourth, regarding sesakaṃ vissajjetha ('dispose of the remainder'): It is said that for that householder Citta, while he was together with the elders, the servants wiped a golden bowl, served milk-rice, and gave it. Having eaten the milk-rice, he, wishing to go together with the elders, considered: 'At home, the female lay follower will arrange for the remainder, but here these servants, if not permitted by me, will not arrange for it. In that case, this excellent milk-rice will be wasted.' Thus, wishing to grant them permission, he spoke thus. Kuthitaṃ means it is seething; the meaning is that it is extremely hot, from the heated sand below and the sun's heat above. This, however, is an uncompounded term in the word of the Buddha, the Tipiṭaka. Paveliyamānena means melting away. Regarding sādhu khvassa bhante ('It would be good, venerable sir'): The venerable Mahaka spoke thus, thinking, 'I will create a comfortable abiding for them.'

ဣဒ္ဓါဘိသင်္ခါရံ အဘိသင်္ခရီတိ အဓိဋ္ဌာနိဒ္ဓိံ အကာသိ. ဧတ္ထ စ ‘‘မန္ဒမန္ဒော သီတကဝါတော ဝါယတု, အဗ္ဘမဏ္ဍပံ ကတွာ ဒေဝေါ ဧကမေကံ ဖုသာယတူ’’တိ ဧဝံ နာနာပရိကမ္မံ – ‘‘သဝါတော ဒေဝေါ ဝဿတူ’’တိ ဧဝံ အဓိဋ္ဌာနံ ဧကတောပိ ဟောတိ. ‘‘သဝါတော ဒေဝေါ ဝဿတူတိ ဧကတောပရိကမ္မံ, မန္ဒမန္ဒော သီတကဝါတော ဝါယတု, အဗ္ဘမဏ္ဍပံ ကတွာ ဒေဝေါ ဧကမေကံ ဖုသာယတူ’’တိ ဧဝံ နာနာအဓိဋ္ဌာနံ ဟောတိ. ဝုတ္တနယေနေဝ နာနာပရိကမ္မံ နာနာဓိဋ္ဌာနံ, ဧကတော ပရိကမ္မံ ဧကတော အဓိဋ္ဌာနမ္ပိ ဟောတိယေဝ. ယထာ တထာ ကရောန္တဿ ပန ပါဒကဇ္ဈာနတော ဝုဋ္ဌာယ ကတပရိကမ္မဿ ပရိကမ္မာနန္တရေန မဟဂ္ဂတအဓိဋ္ဌာနစိတ္တေနေဝ တံ ဣဇ္ဈတိ. ဩကာသေသီတိ ဝိပ္ပကိရိ.

Iddhābhisaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkharī (‘He performed a feat of psychic power’) means he created a psychic power of determination. And here, it can occur that there are various preliminary acts—such as, ‘Let a gentle, cool wind blow; having made a cloud-pavilion, let the rain-god drizzle drop by drop’—and a single determination: ‘Let the rain-god rain with wind.’ It can also occur that there is a single preliminary act—‘Let the rain-god rain with wind’—and various determinations: ‘Let a gentle, cool wind blow; having made a cloud-pavilion, let the rain-god drizzle drop by drop.’ In the way just stated, there can be various preliminary acts and various determinations, and also a single preliminary act and a single determination. However, for one who acts in any of these ways, having arisen from the foundational jhāna and having performed the preliminary act, that feat succeeds by means of the sublime mind of determination immediately following the preliminary act. Okāsesīti vippakiri means he scattered.

၅. ပဌမကာမဘူသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

5. Commentary on the First Kāmabhū Sutta.

၃၄၇. ပဉ္စမေ နေလင်္ဂေါတိ နိဒ္ဒေါသော. သေတပစ္ဆာဒေါတိ သေတပဋိစ္ဆာဒနော. အနီဃန္တိ နိဒ္ဒုက္ခံ. မုဟုတ္တံ တုဏှီ ဟုတွာတိ တဿ အတ္ထပေက္ခနတ္ထံ တီဏိ ပိဋကာနိ ကဏ္ဏေ ကုဏ္ဍလံ ဝိယ သဉ္စာလေန္တော ‘‘အယံ ဣမဿ အတ္ထော, အယံ ဣမဿ အတ္ထော’’တိ ဥပပရိက္ခဏတ္ထံ မုဟုတ္တံ တုဏှီ ဟုတွာ. ဝိမုတ္တိယာတိ အရဟတ္တဖလဝိမုတ္တိယာ. ဣမံ ပန ပဉှံ ကထေန္တော ဥပါသကော ဒုက္ကရံ အကာသိ. သမ္မာသမ္ဗုဒ္ဓေါ ဟိ ‘‘ပဿထ နော တုမှေ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, ဧတံ ဘိက္ခုံ [Pg.132] အာဂစ္ဆန္တံ ဩဒါတကံ တနုကံ တုင်္ဂနာသိက’’န္တိ (သံ. နိ. ၂.၂၄၅) အတ္တနော ဒိဋ္ဌေန ကထေသိ. အယံ ပန နယဂ္ဂါဟေန ‘‘အရဟတော ဧတံ အဓိဝစန’’န္တိ အာဟ.

347. In the fifth, nelaṅgo means faultless. Setapacchādo means having a white covering, that is, the fruit of arahantship. Anīghaṃ means free from suffering. Muhuttaṃ tuṇhī hutvā means: having been silent for a moment in order to examine, seeking the meaning of that verse, shaking the three Piṭakas as if they were an earring in the ear, thinking, 'This is the meaning of this word; this is the meaning of this word.' Vimuttiyā means by the liberation that is the fruit of arahantship. But this lay follower, in answering this question, performed a difficult feat. For the Perfectly Enlightened One spoke based on what he had seen with his own omniscient knowledge, saying: 'Bhikkhus, do you see that bhikkhu coming—fair, slim, with a prominent nose?' But this one, by grasping the method, said, 'This is a designation for an arahant.'

၆. ဒုတိယကာမဘူသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

6. Commentary on the Second Kāmabhū Sutta

၃၄၈. ဆဋ္ဌေ ကတိ နု ခေါ ဘန္တေ သင်္ခါရာတိ အယံ ကိရ, ဂဟပတိ, နိရောဓံ ဝလဉ္ဇေတိ, တသ္မာ ‘‘နိရောဓပါဒကေ သင်္ခါရေ ပုစ္ဆိဿာမီ’’တိ စိန္တေတွာ ဧဝမာဟ. ထေရောပိဿ အဓိပ္ပာယံ ဉတွာ ပုညာဘိသင်္ခါရာဒီသု အနေကေသု သင်္ခါရေသု ဝိဇ္ဇမာနေသုပိ ကာယသင်္ခါရာဒယောဝ အာစိက္ခန္တော တယော ခေါ ဂဟပတီတိအာဒိမာဟ. တတ္ထ ကာယပ္ပဋိဗဒ္ဓတ္တာ ကာယေန သင်္ခရီယတိ နိဗ္ဗတ္တီယတီတိ ကာယသင်္ခါရော. ဝါစာယ သင်္ခရောတိ နိဗ္ဗတ္တေတီတိ ဝစီသင်္ခါရော. စိတ္တပ္ပဋိဗဒ္ဓတ္တာ စိတ္တေန သင်္ခရီယတိ နိဗ္ဗတ္တီယတီတိ စိတ္တသင်္ခါရော.

348. In the sixth, regarding 'How many formations are there, venerable sir?': It is said that this householder practices the attainment of cessation. Therefore, thinking, 'I will ask about the formations that are the basis for cessation,' he spoke thus. The Elder, having understood his intention, although there are many formations such as meritorious formations and so on, explained only the bodily formations and the like, saying, 'There are three, householder,' and so on. Therein, because it is connected with the body, it is formed by the body, it is produced by the body; therefore, it is a bodily formation. It forms speech, it produces speech; therefore, it is a verbal formation. Because it is connected with the mind, it is formed by the mind, it is produced by the mind; therefore, it is a mental formation.

ကတမော ပန ဘန္တေတိ ဣဓ ကိံ ပုစ္ဆတိ? ‘‘ဣမေ သင်္ခါရာ အညမညံ မိဿာ အာလုဠိတာ အဝိဘူတာ ဒုဒ္ဒီပနာ. တထာ ဟိ ကာယဒွါရေ အာဒါနဂ္ဂဟဏမုဉ္စနစောပနာနိ ပါပေတွာ ဥပ္ပန္နာ အဋ္ဌ ကာမာဝစရကုသလစေတနာ ဒွါဒသ အကုသလစေတနာတိ ဧဝံ ကုသလာကုသလာ ဝီသတိ စေတနာပိ, အဿာသပဿာသာပိ ကာယသင်္ခါရောတွေဝ ဝုစ္စန္တိ. ဝစီဒွါရေ ဟနုသဉ္စောပနံ ဝစီဘေဒံ ပါပေတွာ ဥပ္ပန္နာ ဝုတ္တပ္ပကာရာဝ ဝီသတိ စေတနာပိ ဝိတက္ကဝိစာရာပိ ဝစီသင်္ခါရောတွေဝ ဝုစ္စန္တိ. ကာယဝစီဒွါရေသု စောပနံ အပတွာ ရဟော နိသိန္နဿ စိန္တယတော ဥပ္ပန္နာ ကုသလာကုသလာ ဧကူနတိံသစေတနာပိ, သညာ စ ဝေဒနာ စာတိ ဣမေ ဒွေ ဓမ္မာပိ စိတ္တသင်္ခါရောတွေဝ ဝုစ္စန္တိ. ဧဝံ ဣမေ သင်္ခါရာ အညမညံ မိဿာ အာလုဠိတာ အဝိဘူတာ ဒုဒ္ဒီပနာ, တေ ပါကဋေ ဝိဘူတေ ကတွာ ကထာပေဿာမီ’’တိ ပုစ္ဆိ.

As for 'But which, venerable sir?,' what does he ask here? He asks with this intention: 'These formations are mutually mixed, jumbled, indistinct, and difficult to demonstrate. For indeed, at the body-door, the eight sense-sphere wholesome volitions and twelve unwholesome volitions that have arisen having brought about taking, grasping, releasing, and moving—thus these twenty wholesome and unwholesome volitions—and also the in-breaths and out-breaths, are called “bodily formation.” At the speech-door, the twenty volitions of the aforementioned kind that have arisen having brought about the movement of the jaw and the breaking into speech, and also applied and sustained thought, are called “verbal formation.” For one sitting in seclusion and thinking, without having arrived at movement at the body- and speech-doors, the twenty-nine wholesome and unwholesome volitions that have arisen, and these two states—perception and feeling—are called “mental formation.” Thus, these formations are mutually mixed, jumbled, indistinct, and difficult to demonstrate. I will have them explained after they have been made apparent and distinct.'

ကသ္မာ ပန ဘန္တေတိ ဣဓ ကာယသင်္ခါရာဒိနာမဿ ပဒတ္ထံ ပုစ္ဆတိ. တဿ ဝိဿဇ္ဇနေ ကာယပ္ပဋိဗဒ္ဓါတိ ကာယနိဿိတာ. ကာယေ သတိ ဟောန္တိ, အသတိ န ဟောန္တိ. စိတ္တပ္ပဋိဗဒ္ဓါတိ စိတ္တနိဿိတာ. စိတ္တေ သတိ ဟောန္တိ, အသတိ န ဟောန္တိ.

As for 'But why, venerable sir?,' here he asks for the meaning of the term for the name 'bodily formation' and so on. In the answer to that, 'connected with the body' means dependent on the body. When the body exists, they exist; when it does not exist, they do not exist. 'Connected with the mind' means dependent on the mind. When the mind exists, they exist; when it does not exist, they do not exist.

ဣဒါနိ [Pg.133] ‘‘ကိံ နု ခေါ ဧသ သညာဝေဒယိတနိရောဓံ ဝလဉ္ဇေတိ, နော ဝလဉ္ဇေတိ, စိဏ္ဏဝသီ ဝါ တတ္ထ နော စိဏ္ဏဝသီ’’တိ ဇာနနတ္ထံ ပုစ္ဆန္တော ကထံ ပန ဘန္တေ သညာဝေဒယိတနိရောဓသမာပတ္တိ ဟောတီတိ အာဟ. တဿ ဝိဿဇ္ဇနေ သမာပဇ္ဇိဿန္တိ ဝါ သမာပဇ္ဇာမီတိ ဝါ ပဒဒွယေန နေဝသညာနာသညာယတနသမာပတ္တိကာလော ကထိတော. သမာပန္နောတိ ပဒေန အန္တောနိရောဓော. တထာ ပုရိမေဟိ ဒွီဟိ ပဒေဟိ သစိတ္တကကာလော ကထိတော, ပစ္ဆိမေန အစိတ္တကကာလော.

Now, asking in order to know, 'Does he perhaps practice the cessation of perception and feeling, or does he not? Is he one with mastery through practice in it, or not?' he said, 'But how, venerable sir, does the attainment of the cessation of perception and feeling occur?' In the answer to that, with the two words 'I will attain' or 'I am attaining,' the time of the attainment of the base of neither-perception-nor-non-perception is stated. By the word 'attained,' it is the inner cessation. Likewise, by the first two words, the period with consciousness is stated; by the last, the period without consciousness.

ပုဗ္ဗေဝ တထာ စိတ္တံ ဘာဝိတံ ဟောတီတိ နိရောဓသမာပတ္တိတော ပုဗ္ဗေ အဒ္ဓါနပရိစ္ဆေဒကာလေယေဝ ‘‘ဧတ္တကံ ကာလံ အစိတ္တကော ဘဝိဿာမီ’’တိ အဒ္ဓါနပရိစ္ဆေဒံ စိတ္တံ ဘာဝိတံ ဟောတိ. ယံ တံ တထတ္တာယ ဥပနေတီတိ ယံ ပန ဧဝံ ဘာဝိတံ စိတ္တံ, တံ ပုဂ္ဂလံ တထတ္တာယ အစိတ္တကဘာဝါယ ဥပနေတိ. ဝစီသင်္ခါရော ပဌမံ နိရုဇ္ဈတီတိ သေသသင်္ခါရေဟိ ပဌမံ ဒုတိယဇ္ဈာနေယေဝ နိရုဇ္ဈတိ. တတော ကာယသင်္ခါရောတိ တတော ပရံ ကာယသင်္ခါရော စတုတ္ထဇ္ဈာနေ နိရုဇ္ဈတိ. တတော စိတ္တသင်္ခါရောတိ တတော ပရံ စိတ္တသင်္ခါရော အန္တောနိရောဓေ နိရုဇ္ဈတိ. အာယူတိ ရူပဇီဝိတိန္ဒြိယံ. ဝိပရိဘိန္နာနီတိ ဥပဟတာနိ ဝိနဋ္ဌာနိ.

As for 'Previously, the mind has been so developed': before the attainment of cessation, at the very time of determining the duration, the mind that determines the duration has been developed with the thought, 'For such a time, I will be without mind.' As for 'That which leads one to that state': that mind, having been so developed, leads that person to that state, to the state of being without mind. As for 'The verbal formation ceases first': it ceases first, before the other formations, in the second jhāna itself. As for 'Then the bodily formation': after that, the bodily formation ceases in the fourth jhāna. As for 'Then the mental formation': after that, the mental formation ceases within the cessation. As for 'Life-force': the material life-faculty. As for 'Destroyed': damaged, ruined.

တတ္ထ ကေစိ ‘‘နိရောဓသမာပန္နဿ ‘စိတ္တသင်္ခါရော စ နိရုဒ္ဓေါ’တိ ဝစနတော စိတ္တံ အနိရုဒ္ဓံ ဟောတိ, တသ္မာ သစိတ္တကာပိ အယံ သမာပတ္တီ’’တိ ဝဒန္တိ. တေ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗာ – ‘‘ဝစီသင်္ခါရောပိဿ နိရုဒ္ဓေါ’’တိ ဝစနတော ဝါစာ အနိရုဒ္ဓါ ဟောတိ, တသ္မာ နိရောဓသမာပန္နေန ဓမ္မမ္ပိ ကထေန္တေန သဇ္ဈာယမ္ပိ ကရောန္တေန နိသီဒိတဗ္ဗံ သိယာ. ယော စာယံ မတော ကာလင်္ကတော, တဿာပိ စိတ္တသင်္ခါရော နိရုဒ္ဓေါတိ ဝစနတော စိတ္တံ အနိရုဒ္ဓံ ဘဝေယျ, တသ္မာ ကာလင်္ကတေ မာတာပိတရော ဝါ အရဟန္တေ ဝါ ဈာပေန္တေန အာနန္တရိယကမ္မံ ကတံ ဘဝေယျ. ဣတိ ဗျဉ္ဇနေ အဘိနိဝေသံ အကတွာ အာစရိယာနံ နယေ ဌတွာ အတ္ထော ဥပပရိက္ခိတဗ္ဗော. အတ္ထော ဟိ ပဋိသရဏံ, န ဗျဉ္ဇနံ.

Herein, some say: 'For one who has attained cessation, because of the saying, “the mental formation has ceased,” the mind is not ceased. Therefore, this attainment is also one with consciousness.' They should be told: 'Because of the saying, “for him the verbal formation has also ceased,” speech would not be ceased. Therefore, it would be fitting for one who has attained cessation to sit while teaching the Dhamma and making recitation. And for that one who is dead, who has passed away, because of the saying, “for him too the mental formation has ceased,” the mind would not be ceased. Therefore, by one who cremates parents or arahants who have passed away, an act with immediate result would be done.' Thus, without adhering to the mere letter, standing in the tradition of the teachers, the meaning should be investigated. For the meaning is the refuge, not the letter.

ဣန္ဒြိယာနိ ဝိပ္ပသန္နာနီတိ ကိရိယမယပဝတ္တသ္မိဉှိ ဝတ္တမာနေ ဗဟိဒ္ဓါရမ္မဏေသု ပသာဒေ ဃဋ္ဋေန္တေသု ဣန္ဒြိယာနိ ကိလမန္တိ, ဥပဟတာနိ မက္ခိတ္တာနိ ဝိယ ဟောန္တိ ဝါတာဒီဟိ ဥဋ္ဌိတရဇေန စတုမဟာပထေ ဌပိတအာဒါသော ဝိယ. ယထာ ပန ထဝိကာယ ပက္ခိပိတွာ မဉ္ဇူသာဒီသု ဌပိတော အာဒါသော အန္တောယေဝ [Pg.134] ဝိရောစတိ, ဧဝံ နိရောဓသမာပန္နဿ ဘိက္ခုနော အန္တောနိရောဓေ ပဉ္စ ပသာဒါ အတိဝိယ ဝိရောစန္တိ. တေန ဝုတ္တံ ‘‘ဣန္ဒြိယာနိ ဝိပ္ပသန္နာနီ’’တိ.

As for 'The faculties are exceedingly clear': For when the process of bodily and verbal action is occurring, as external objects strike the sensitive faculties, the faculties become weary; they become as if damaged and smeared, like a mirror placed at a crossroads and smeared by dust raised by wind and so on. But just as a mirror, having been put in a bag and placed in a chest or the like, shines only within, so too for the bhikkhu who has attained cessation, the five sensitive faculties shine exceedingly within the cessation. For that reason, it was said, 'The faculties are exceedingly clear.'

ဝုဋ္ဌဟိဿန္တိ ဝါ ဝုဋ္ဌဟာမီတိ ဝါ ပဒဒွယေန အန္တောနိရောဓကာလော ကထိတော, ဝုဋ္ဌိတောတိ ပဒေန ဖလသမာပတ္တိကာလော. တထာ ပုရိမေဟိ ဒွီဟိ ပဒေဟိ အစိတ္တကကာလော ကထိတော, ပစ္ဆိမေန သစိတ္တကကာလော. ပုဗ္ဗေဝ တထာ စိတ္တံ ဘာဝိတံ ဟောတီတိ နိရောဓသမာပတ္တိတော ပုဗ္ဗေ အဒ္ဓါနပရိစ္ဆေဒကာလေယေဝ ‘‘ဧတ္တကံ ကာလံ အစိတ္တကော ဟုတွာ တတော ပရံ သစိတ္တကော ဘဝိဿာမီ’’တိ အဒ္ဓါနပရိစ္ဆေဒံ စိတ္တံ ဘာဝိတံ ဟောတိ. ယံ တံ တထတ္တာယ ဥပနေတီတိ ယံ ဧဝံ ဘာဝိတံ စိတ္တံ, တံ ပုဂ္ဂလံ တထတ္တာယ သစိတ္တကဘာဝါယ ဥပနေတိ. ဣတိ ဟေဋ္ဌာ နိရောဓသမာပဇ္ဇန္နကာလော ဂဟိတော, ဣဓ နိရောဓတော ဝုဋ္ဌာနကာလော.

By the two words 'I will arise' or 'I am arising,' the period within cessation is stated. By the word 'arisen,' the period of the attainment of fruition is stated. Likewise, by the first two words, the period without consciousness is stated; by the last, the period with consciousness. As for 'Previously, the mind has been so developed': before the attainment of cessation, at the very time of determining the duration, the mind that determines the duration has been developed with the thought, 'Having been without consciousness for this long, after that I will be with consciousness.' As for 'That which leads one to that state': that mind, having been so developed, leads that person to that state, to the state of being with consciousness. Thus, in the previous section, the time of entering cessation was taken; here, the time of arising from cessation is taken.

ဣဒါနိ နိရောဓကထံ ကထေတုံ ကာလောတိ နိရောဓကထာ ကထေတဗ္ဗာ သိယာ. သာ ပနေသာ ‘‘ဒွီဟိ ဗလေဟိ သမန္နာဂတတ္တာ တယော စ သင်္ခါရာနံ ပဋိပဿဒ္ဓိယာ သောဠသဟိ ဉာဏစရိယာဟိ နဝဟိ သမာဓိစရိယာဟိ ဝသီဘာဝတာပညာ နိရောဓသမာပတ္တိယံ ဉာဏ’’န္တိ မာတိကံ ဌပေတွာ သဗ္ဗာကာရေန ဝိသုဒ္ဓိမဂ္ဂေ ကထိတာ, တသ္မာ တတ္ထ ကထိတနယေနေဝ ဂဟေတဗ္ဗာ. ကော ပနာယံ နိရောဓော နာမ? စတုန္နံ ခန္ဓာနံ ပဋိသင်္ခါ အပ္ပဝတ္တိ. အထ ကိမတ္ထမေတံ သမာပဇ္ဇန္တီတိ? သင်္ခါရာနံ ပဝတ္တေ ဥက္ကဏ္ဌိတာ သတ္တာဟံ အစိတ္တကာ ဟုတွာ သုခံ ဝိဟရိဿာမ, ဒိဋ္ဌဓမ္မနိဗ္ဗာနံ နာမေတံ ယဒိဒံ နိရောဓောတိ ဧတဒတ္ထံ သမာပဇ္ဇန္တိ.

Now is the time to discuss cessation; the discussion on cessation should be given. This discussion, however, is fully explained in the Visuddhimagga, having established the outline: 'Through being endowed with two powers, the calming of the three formations, sixteen modes of conduct of knowledge, nine modes of conduct of concentration, the wisdom that is mastery, and the knowledge in the attainment of cessation.' Therefore, it should be understood according to the method explained there. What, then, is this so-called cessation? It is the non-occurrence of the four aggregates due to reflective knowledge. Then, for what purpose do they attain this? Being weary of the occurrence of formations, they think, 'We shall dwell happily for seven days, having become without mind; this which is cessation is called Nibbāna in the present life.' For this purpose, they attain it.

စိတ္တသင်္ခါရော ပဌမံ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတီတိ နိရောဓာ ဝုဋ္ဌဟန္တဿ ဟိ ဖလသမာပတ္တိစိတ္တံ ပဌမံ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ. တံသမ္ပယုတ္တံ သညဉ္စ ဝေဒနဉ္စ သန္ဓာယ ‘‘စိတ္တသင်္ခါရော ပဌမံ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတီ’’တိ အာဟ. တတော ကာယသင်္ခါရောတိ တတော ပရံ ဘဝင်္ဂသမယေ ကာယသင်္ခါရော ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ.

'The mental formation arises first': Indeed, for one emerging from cessation, the fruition-attainment consciousness arises first. Referring to the perception and feeling associated with it, it was said, 'The mental formation arises first.' 'Then the bodily formation': After that, at the moment of the life-continuum, the bodily formation arises.

ကိံ ပန ဖလသမာပတ္တိ အဿာသပဿာသေ န သမုဋ္ဌာပေတီတိ? သမုဋ္ဌာပေတိ. ဣမဿ ပန စတုတ္ထဇ္ဈာနိကာ ဖလသမာပတ္တိ, သာ န သမုဋ္ဌာပေတိ. ကိံ ဝါ ဧတေန? ဖလသမာပတ္တိ ပဌမဇ္ဈာနိကာ ဝါ ဟောတု ဒုတိယတတိယစတုတ္ထဇ္ဈာနိကာ ဝါ, သန္တသမာပတ္တိတော ဝုဋ္ဌိတဿ ဘိက္ခုနော အဿာသပဿာသာ [Pg.135] အဗ္ဗောဟာရိကာ ဟောန္တိ, တေသံ အဗ္ဗောဟာရိကဘာဝေါ သဉ္ဇီဝတ္ထေရဝတ္ထုနာ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. သဉ္ဇီဝတ္ထေရဿ ဟိ သမာပတ္တိတော ဝုဋ္ဌာယ ကိံသုကပုပ္ဖသဒိသေ ဝီတစ္စိတင်္ဂါရေ မဒ္ဒမာနဿ ဂစ္ဆတော စီဝရေ အံသုမတ္တမ္ပိ န ဈာယိ, ဥသ္မာကာရမတ္တမ္ပိ နာဟောသိ. သမာပတ္တိဗလံ နာမေတန္တိ ဝဒန္တိ. ဧဝမေဝ သန္တာယ ဖလသမာပတ္တိယာ ဝုဋ္ဌိတဿ ဘိက္ခုနော အဿာသပဿာသာ အဗ္ဗောဟာရိကာ ဟောန္တီတိ ဘဝင်္ဂသမယေနေဝေတံ ကထိတန္တိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ.

But does the fruition attainment not produce in-and-out breathing? It does produce it. However, for this monk, the fruition attainment is of the fourth jhāna, and that does not produce it. Or what of this? Whether the fruition attainment is of the first, second, third, or fourth jhāna, the in-and-out breaths of a monk who has arisen from a peaceful attainment are not discernible. Their being not discernible should be understood through the story of the Elder Sañjīva. Indeed, for the Elder Sañjīva, who, having arisen from attainment, was walking while treading on flameless embers like kiṃsuka flowers, not even a thread of his robe was burned, nor was there even a trace of heat. They say, 'This is called the power of attainment.' Just so, it should be understood that for a monk who has arisen from the peaceful fruition attainment, the in-and-out breaths are not discernible, and this was said with reference only to the moment of the life-continuum.

တတော ဝစီသင်္ခါရောတိ တတော ပရံ ကိရိယမယပဝတ္တဝလဉ္ဇနကာလေ ဝစီသင်္ခါရော ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ. ကိံ ဘဝင်္ဂံ ဝိတက္ကဝိစာရေ န သမုဋ္ဌာပေတီတိ? သမုဋ္ဌာပေတိ. တံသမုဋ္ဌာနာ ပန ဝိတက္ကဝိစာရာ ဝါစံ အဘိသင်္ခါတုံ န သက္ကောန္တီတိ ကိရိယမယပဝတ္တဝလဉ္ဇနကာလေနေဝေတံ ကထိတံ.

'Then the verbal formation': After that, at the time of engaging in the process of action, the verbal formation arises. Does the life-continuum not produce initial and sustained thought? It does produce them. However, the initial and sustained thoughts that arise from it are unable to form speech. Therefore, this was said with reference only to the time of engaging in the process of action.

သုညတော ဖဿောတိအာဒယော သဂုဏေနာပိ အာရမ္မဏေနာပိ ကထေတဗ္ဗာ. သဂုဏေန တာဝ သုညတာ နာမ ဖလသမာပတ္တိ, တာယ သဟဇာတဖဿံ သန္ဓာယ ‘‘သုညတော ဖဿော’’တိ ဝုတ္တံ. အနိမိတ္တပ္ပဏိဟိတေသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော. အာရမ္မဏေန ပန နိဗ္ဗာနံ ရာဂါဒီဟိ သုညတ္တာ သုညတာ နာမ, ရာဂနိမိတ္တာဒီနံ အဘာဝါ အနိမိတ္တံ, ရာဂဒေါသမောဟပ္ပဏိဓီနံ အဘာဝါ အပ္ပဏိဟိတံ, သုညတံ နိဗ္ဗာနံ အာရမ္မဏံ ကတွာ ဥပ္ပန္နဖလသမာပတ္တိသမ္ဖဿော သုညတော နာမ. အနိမိတ္တပ္ပဏိဟိတေသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော.

'Contact from emptiness,' etc., should be explained both by its own quality and by its object. First, by its own quality: fruition attainment is called 'emptiness.' Referring to the contact co-arisen with that, it is said, 'contact from emptiness.' This same method applies to the signless and the undirected. By its object, however: Nibbāna is called 'emptiness' because it is empty of lust, etc.; 'signless' because of the absence of the sign of lust, etc.; 'undirected' because of the absence of the aspirations of lust, hatred, and delusion. The contact associated with the fruition attainment that has arisen having taken empty Nibbāna as its object is called 'from emptiness.' This same method applies to the signless and the undirected.

အပရာ အာဂမနိယကထာ နာမ ဟောတိ. သုညတအနိမိတ္တအပ္ပဏိဟိတာတိ ဟိ ဝိပဿနာပိ ဝုစ္စတိ. တတ္ထ ယော ဘိက္ခု သင်္ခါရေ အနိစ္စတော ပရိဂ္ဂဟေတွာ အနိစ္စတော ဒိသွာ အနိစ္စတော ဝုဋ္ဌာတိ, တဿ ဝုဋ္ဌာနဂါမိနိဝိပဿနာ အနိမိတ္တာ နာမ ဟောတိ. ယော ဒုက္ခတော ပရိဂ္ဂဟေတွာ ဒုက္ခတော ဒိသွာ ဒုက္ခတော ဝုဋ္ဌာတိ, တဿ အပ္ပဏိဟိတာ နာမ. ယော အနတ္တတော ပရိဂ္ဂဟေတွာ အနတ္တတော ဒိသွာ အနတ္တတော ဝုဋ္ဌာတိ, တဿ သုညတာ နာမ. တတ္ထ အနိမိတ္တဝိပဿနာယ မဂ္ဂေါ အနိမိတ္တော နာမ, အနိမိတ္တမဂ္ဂဿ ဖလံ အနိမိတ္တံ နာမ, အနိမိတ္တဖလသမာပတ္တိသဟဇာတေ ဖဿေ ဖုသန္တေ ‘‘အနိမိတ္တော ဖဿော ဖုသတီ’’တိ ဝုစ္စတိ. အပ္ပဏိဟိတသုညတေသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော. အာဂမနိယေန ကထိတေ ပန သုညတော ဝါ ဖဿော အနိမိတ္တော ဝါ ဖဿော အပ္ပဏိဟိတော ဝါ ဖဿောတိ ဝိကပ္ပော အာပဇ္ဇေယျ, တသ္မာ သဂုဏေန [Pg.136] စေဝ အာရမ္မဏေန စ ကထေတဗ္ဗံ. ဧဝဉှိ တယော ဖဿာ ဖုသန္တီတိ သမေတိ.

There is another explanation, called the one based on the scriptures. For insight is also called 'emptiness, signless, and undirected.' Therein, for a monk who, having fully grasped formations as impermanent, having seen them as impermanent, emerges by way of impermanence, his insight leading to emergence is called 'signless.' For one who, having fully grasped them as suffering, having seen them as suffering, emerges by way of suffering, his is called 'undirected.' For one who, having fully grasped them as non-self, having seen them as non-self, emerges by way of non-self, his is called 'emptiness.' Therein, through signless insight, the path is called 'signless'; the fruit of the signless path is called 'signless.' When experiencing the contact co-arisen with the attainment of the signless fruit, it is said, 'one experiences signless contact.' This same method should be known for the undirected and emptiness. However, if explained according to the scriptural method, the dilemma would arise: 'Is it contact from emptiness, or contact from signlessness, or contact from desirelessness?' Therefore, it should be explained by its own quality and by its object. For in this way, the statement 'the three contacts are experienced' is consistent.

ဝိဝေကနိန္နန္တိအာဒီသု နိဗ္ဗာနံ ဝိဝေကော နာမ. တသ္မိံ ဝိဝေကေ နိန္နံ ဩနတန္တိ ဝိဝေကနိန္နံ. ဝိဝေကပေါဏန္တိ အညတော အဂန္တွာ ယေန ဝိဝေကော, တေန ဝင်္ကံ ဝိယ ဟုတွာ ဌိတန္တိ ဝိဝေကပေါဏံ. ယေန ဝိဝေကော, တေန ပတမာနံ ဝိယ ဌိတန္တိ ဝိဝေကပဗ္ဘာရံ.

In 'inclined to seclusion,' etc., Nibbāna is called 'seclusion.' Being inclined and bent toward that seclusion is 'inclined to seclusion.' 'Leaning toward seclusion' means not going elsewhere, it stands as if bent toward where seclusion is. 'Sloping toward seclusion' means it stands as if falling toward where seclusion is.

၇. ဂေါဒတ္တသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

7. Commentary on the Godatta Sutta

၃၄၉. သတ္တမေ နာနတ္ထာ စေဝ နာနာဗျဉ္ဇနာ စာတိ ဗျဉ္ဇနမ္ပိ နေသံ နာနံ, အတ္ထောပိ. တတ္ထ ဗျဉ္ဇနဿ နာနတာ ပါကဋာ. အတ္ထော ပန အပ္ပမာဏာ စေတောဝိမုတ္တိ ဘူမန္တရတော မဟဂ္ဂတာ ဟောတိ ရူပါဝစရာ, အာရမ္မဏတော သတ္တပဏ္ဏတ္တိအာရမ္မဏာ. အာကိဉ္စညာ ဘူမန္တရတော မဟဂ္ဂတာ အရူပါဝစရာ, အာရမ္မဏတော နဝတ္တဗ္ဗာရမ္မဏာ. သုညတာ ဘူမန္တရတော ကာမာဝစရာ, အာရမ္မဏတော သင်္ခါရာရမ္မဏာ. ဝိပဿနာ ဟိ ဧတ္ထ သုညတာတိ အဓိပ္ပေတာ. အနိမိတ္တာ ဘူမန္တရတော လောကုတ္တရာ, အာရမ္မဏတော နိဗ္ဗာနာရမ္မဏာ.

349. In the seventh sutta, they are 'different in meaning and different in expression'; thus their expression is different, and so is their meaning. Therein, the difference in expression is clear. The meaning, however, is not. The immeasurable liberation of mind, in terms of plane, is an exalted state belonging to the form sphere, with its object being the concept of beings. The liberation of mind of nothingness, in terms of plane, is an exalted state belonging to the formless sphere, with its object being that which cannot be specified. The liberation of mind of emptiness, in terms of plane, belongs to the sense sphere, with its object being formations. For here, by 'emptiness', insight is intended. The signless liberation of mind, in terms of plane, is supramundane, with its object being Nibbāna.

ရာဂေါ ခေါ ဘန္တေ ပမာဏကရဏောတိအာဒီသု ယထာ ပဗ္ဗတပါဒေ ပူတိပဏ္ဏကသဋဥဒကံ နာမ ဟောတိ ကာဠဝဏ္ဏံ, ဩလောကေန္တာနံ ဗျာမသတဂမ္ဘီရံ ဝိယ ခါယတိ, ယဋ္ဌိံ ဝါ ရဇ္ဇုံ ဝါ ဂဟေတွာ မိနန္တဿ ပိဋ္ဌိပါဒေါတ္ထရဏမတ္တမ္ပိ န ဟောတိ; ဧဝမေဝ ယာဝ ရာဂါဒယော နုပ္ပဇ္ဇန္တိ, တာဝ ပုဂ္ဂလံ သဉ္ဇာနိတုံ န သက္ကာ ဟောတိ, သောတာပန္နော ဝိယ သကဒါဂါမီ ဝိယ အနာဂါမီ ဝိယ စ ခါယတိ. ယဒါ ပနဿ ရာဂါဒယော ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇန္တိ, တဒါ ရတ္တော ဒုဋ္ဌော မူဠှောတိ ပညာယတိ. ဣတိ တေ ‘‘ဧတ္တကော အယ’’န္တိ ပုဂ္ဂလဿ ပမာဏံ ဒဿေန္တာဝ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇန္တီတိ ပမာဏကရဏာ နာမ ဝုတ္တာ.

Regarding 'Venerable sir, lust is a measure-maker,' and so forth: Just as at the foot of a mountain there is a pool of water with decaying leaves and rubbish, dark in color, which appears a hundred fathoms deep to those who look at it, but when one takes a stick or a rope and measures it, it is not even enough to cover the instep of one's foot; so too, as long as lust and other defilements do not arise, one cannot discern a person. They may appear like a stream-enterer, a once-returner, or a non-returner. But when lust and other defilements arise in them, then they are recognized as lustful, hateful, and deluded. Thus, since they arise as if showing the measure of a person—'This one is of such a measure'—they are called 'measure-makers.'

ယာဝတာ ခေါ ဘန္တေ အပ္ပမာဏာ စေတောဝိမုတ္တိယောတိ ယတ္တကာ အပ္ပမာဏာ စေတောဝိမုတ္တိယော. ကိတ္တကာ ပန တာ? စတ္တာရော ဗြဟ္မဝိဟာရာ, စတ္တာရော မဂ္ဂါ, စတ္တာရိ ဖလာနီတိ ဒွါဒသ. တတြ ဗြဟ္မဝိဟာရာ ဖရဏအပ္ပမာဏတာယ အပ္ပမာဏာ, သေသာ ပမာဏကာရကာနံ ကိလေသာနံ အဘာဝေန နိဗ္ဗာနမ္ပိ အပ္ပမာဏမေဝ, စေတောဝိမုတ္တိ ပန န ဟောတိ, တသ္မာ န ဂဟိတံ. အကုပ္ပာတိ အရဟတ္တဖလစေတောဝိမုတ္တိ. သာ ဟိ တာသံ သဗ္ဗဇေဋ္ဌိကာ, တသ္မာ [Pg.137] ‘‘အဂ္ဂမက္ခာယတီ’’တိ ဝုတ္တာ. ရာဂေါ ခေါ ဘန္တေ ကိဉ္စနန္တိ ရာဂေါ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇိတွာ ပုဂ္ဂလံ ကိဉ္စတိ မဒ္ဒတိ ပလိဗုန္ဓတိ, တသ္မာ ကိဉ္စနန္တိ ဝုတ္တော. မနုဿာ ကိရ ဂေါဏေဟိ ခလံ မဒ္ဒါပေန္တာ ‘‘ကိဉ္စေဟိ ကပိလ ကိဉ္စေဟိ ကာဠကာ’’တိ ဝဒန္တိ. ဧဝံ မဒ္ဒနဋ္ဌော ကိဉ္စနဋ္ဌောတိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော. ဒေါသမောဟေသုပိဧသေဝ နယော.

Regarding 'Venerable sir, as far as the immeasurable liberations of mind,' this means as many as there are immeasurable liberations of mind. But how many are they? Twelve: the four divine abodes, the four paths, and the four fruits. Among these, the divine abodes are immeasurable due to the immeasurability of their pervasion. The rest are immeasurable due to the absence of defilements that act as measures. Nibbāna is also immeasurable, but it is not a liberation of mind; therefore, it is not included. 'Unshakable' refers to the liberation of mind that is the fruit of arahantship. For it is the chief of them all; therefore, it is said, 'It is called the highest.' Regarding 'Venerable sir, lust is an impediment (kiñcana)': Lust arises and afflicts, crushes, and oppresses a person; therefore, it is called 'kiñcana.' It is said that when people have oxen trample the threshing floor, they say, 'Trample (kiñcehi), tawny one! Trample (kiñcehi), black one!' Thus, the meaning of 'kiñcana' should be understood as 'trampling' or 'oppressing.' The same principle applies to hatred and delusion.

အာကိဉ္စညာ စေတောဝိမုတ္တိယော နာမ နဝ ဓမ္မာ အာကိဉ္စညာယတနံ မဂ္ဂဖလာနိ စ. တတ္ထ အာကိဉ္စညာယတနံ ကိဉ္စနံ အာရမ္မဏံ အဿ နတ္ထီတိ အာကိဉ္စညံ. မဂ္ဂဖလာနိ ကိဉ္စနာနံ မဒ္ဒနပလိဗုန္ဓနကိလေသာနံ နတ္ထိတာယ အာကိဉ္စညာနိ, နိဗ္ဗာနမ္ပိ အာကိဉ္စညံ, စေတောဝိမုတ္တိ ပန န ဟောတိ, တသ္မာ န ဂဟိတံ.

The liberations of mind of nothingness are nine states: the base of nothingness, and the paths and fruits. Therein, the base of nothingness is called 'nothingness' (ākiñcañña) because for it there is nothing whatsoever (kiñcana) as an object. The paths and fruits are called 'nothingness' (ākiñcaññāni) because of the absence of the defilements that crush and oppress, which are impediments (kiñcana). Nibbāna is also 'nothingness,' but it is not a liberation of mind; therefore, it is not included.

ရာဂေါ ခေါ ဘန္တေ နိမိတ္တကရဏောတိအာဒီသု ယထာ နာမ ဒွိန္နံ ကုလာနံ သဒိသာ ဒွေ ဝစ္ဆကာ ဟောန္တိ. ယာဝ တေသံ လက္ခဏံ န ကတံ ဟောတိ, တာဝ ‘‘အယံ အသုကကုလဿ ဝစ္ဆကော, အယံ အသုကကုလဿာ’’တိ န သက္ကာ ဟောတိ ဇာနိတုံ. ယဒါ ပန တေသံ တိသူလာဒီသု အညတရံ လက္ခဏံ ကတံ ဟောတိ, တဒါ သက္ကာ ဟောတိ ဇာနိတုံ. ဧဝမေဝ ယာဝ ပုဂ္ဂလဿ ရာဂေါ နုပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ, တာဝ န သက္ကာ ဟောတိ ဇာနိတုံ ‘‘အရိယော ဝါ ပုထုဇ္ဇနော ဝါ’’တိ. ရာဂေါ ပနဿ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇမာနောဝ ‘‘သရာဂေါ နာမ အယံ ပုဂ္ဂလော’’တိ သဉ္ဇာနနနိမိတ္တံ ကရောန္တော ဝိယ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ, တသ္မာ နိမိတ္တကရဏောတိ ဝုတ္တော. ဒေါသမောဟေသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော.

Regarding 'Venerable sir, lust is a maker of signs,' and so forth: Just as when there are two similar calves from two families, as long as a mark has not been made on them, it is not possible to know, 'This calf belongs to such-and-such a family, and that calf belongs to such-and-such a family.' But when a mark, such as a trident or the like, has been made on them, then it becomes possible to know. In the same way, as long as lust has not arisen in a person, it is not possible to know whether they are a noble one or a worldling. But lust, when arising in them, arises as if making a sign for recognition, showing, 'This person is indeed lustful.' Therefore, it is called a 'maker of signs.' The same principle applies to hatred and delusion.

အနိမိတ္တာ စေတောဝိမုတ္တိယော နာမ တေရသ ဓမ္မာ ဝိပဿနာ, စတ္တာရော အာရုပ္ပာ, စတ္တာရော မဂ္ဂါ, စတ္တာရိ ဖလာနိ. တတ္ထ ဝိပဿနာ နိစ္စနိမိတ္တံ သုခနိမိတ္တံ အတ္တနိမိတ္တံ ဥဂ္ဃာဋေတီတိ အနိမိတ္တာ နာမ. စတ္တာရော အာရုပ္ပာ ရူပနိမိတ္တဿ အဘာဝါ အနိမိတ္တာ နာမ. မဂ္ဂဖလာနိ နိမိတ္တကရာနံ ကိလေသာနံ အဘာဝေန အနိမိတ္တာနိ, နိဗ္ဗာနမ္ပိ အနိမိတ္တမေဝ, တံ ပန စေတောဝိမုတ္တိ န ဟောတိ, တသ္မာ န ဂဟိတံ. အထ ကသ္မာ သုညတာ စေတောဝိမုတ္တိ န ဂဟိတာတိ? သာ ‘‘သုညာ ရာဂေနာ’’တိအာဒိဝစနတော သဗ္ဗတ္ထ အနုပဝိဋ္ဌာဝ, တသ္မာ ဝိသုံ န ဂဟိတာတိ.

The signless liberations of mind are thirteen states: insight, the four formless attainments, the four paths, and the four fruits. Herein, insight is called signless because it eradicates the sign of permanence, the sign of pleasure, and the sign of self. The four formless attainments are called signless due to the absence of the sign of form. The paths and fruits are signless because of the absence of defilements that create signs. Nibbāna is also signless, but it is not a liberation of mind; therefore, it is not included. Why then is the emptiness liberation of mind not included? Because it is already included everywhere, as stated in the phrase 'empty of lust,' and so forth; therefore, it is not included separately.

ဧကတ္ထာတိ [Pg.138] အာရမ္မဏဝသေန ဧကတ္ထာ ‘‘အပ္ပမာဏံ အာကိဉ္စညံ သုညတံ အနိမိတ္တ’’န္တိ ဟိ သဗ္ဗာနေတာနိ နိဗ္ဗာနဿေဝ နာမာနိ. ဣတိ ဣမိနာ ပရိယာယေန ဧကတ္ထာ. အညသ္မိံ ပန ဌာနေ အပ္ပမာဏာပိ ဟောတိ, အညသ္မိံ အာကိဉ္စညာ, အညသ္မိံ သုညတာ, အညသ္မိံ အနိမိတ္တာတိ ဣမိနာ ပရိယာယေန နာနာဗျဉ္ဇနာတိ.

Regarding 'of one meaning,' they are of one meaning by way of their object; for all these—the immeasurable, nothingness, emptiness, and the signless—are indeed names for Nibbāna alone. Thus, for this reason, they are of one meaning. But in another context, there is also the immeasurable; in another, nothingness; in another, emptiness; and in another, the signless. Thus, for this reason, they are of different expressions.

၈. နိဂဏ္ဌနာဋပုတ္တသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

8. Commentary on the Nigaṇṭha Nāṭaputta Sutta

၃၅၀. အဋ္ဌမေ တေနုပသင်္ကမီတိ သယံ အာဂတာဂမော ဝိညာတသာသနော အနာဂါမီ အရိယသာဝကော သမာနော ကသ္မာ နဂ္ဂဘောဂ္ဂံ နိဿိရိကံ နိဂဏ္ဌံ ဥပသင်္ကမီတိ? ဥပဝါဒမောစနတ္ထဉ္စေဝ ဝါဒါရောပနတ္ထဉ္စ. နိဂဏ္ဌာ ကိရ ‘‘သမဏဿ ဂေါတမဿ သာဝကာ ထဒ္ဓခဒိရခါဏုကသဒိသာ, ကေနစိ သဒ္ဓိံ ပဋိသန္ထာရမ္ပိ န ကရောန္တီ’’တိ ဥပဝဒန္တိ, တဿ ဥပဝါဒဿ မောစနတ္ထဉ္စ, ‘‘ဝါဒဉ္စဿ အာရောပေဿာမီ’’တိ ဥပသင်္ကမိ. န ခွာဟံ ဧတ္ထ ဘန္တေ ဘဂဝတော သဒ္ဓါယ ဂစ္ဆာမီတိ ယဿ ဉာဏေန အသစ္ဆိကတံ ဟောတိ. သော ‘‘ဧဝံ ကိရေတ’’န္တိ အညဿ သဒ္ဓါယ ဂစ္ဆေယျ, မယာ ပန ဉာဏေနေတံ သစ္ဆိကတံ, တသ္မာ နာဟံ ဧတ္ထ ဘဂဝတော သဒ္ဓါယ ဂစ္ဆာမီတိ ဒီပေန္တော ဧဝမာဟ.

350. In the eighth discourse, regarding 'he approached him' (tenupasaṅkami), a question might arise: 'Why did he, being a noble disciple, a non-returner, one who has mastered the scriptural teachings and has penetrated the teaching of realization, approach the naked, crooked, and graceless Nigaṇṭha?' For the purpose of freeing himself from blame and for the purpose of establishing a doctrine. The Nigaṇṭhas, it is said, reproach thus: 'The disciples of the ascetic Gotama are like hard, solid acacia stakes; they do not even engage in friendly conversation with anyone.' He approached for the purpose of freeing himself from that reproach, and thinking, 'I will establish a doctrine with him.' Regarding 'Indeed, venerable sir, I do not go here out of faith in the Blessed One': one for whom this has not been realized by knowledge would go by faith in another, thinking, 'So it is, it seems.' But by me, this has been realized by knowledge. Therefore, explaining, 'I do not go here out of faith in the Blessed One,' he spoke thus.

ဥလ္လောကေတွာတိ ကာယံ ဥန္နာမေတွာ ကုစ္ဆိံ နီဟရိတွာ ဂီဝံ ပဂ္ဂယှ သဗ္ဗံ ဒိသံ ပေက္ခမာနော ဥလ္လောကေတွာ. ဗာဓေတဗ္ဗံ မညေယျာတိ ယထာ ဝိနိဝိဇ္ဈိတွာ န နိက္ခမတိ, ဧဝံ ပဋိဗာဟိတဗ္ဗံ မညေယျ ဗန္ဓိတဗ္ဗံ ဝါ. သဟဓမ္မိကာတိ သကာရဏာ. အထ မံ ပဋိဟရေယျာသိ သဒ္ဓိံ နိဂဏ္ဌပရိသာယာတိ ဧတေသံ အတ္ထေ ဉာတေ အထ မေ နိဂဏ္ဌပရိသာယ သဒ္ဓိံ အဘိဂစ္ဆေယျာသိ, ပတီဟာရဿ မေ သန္တိကံ အာဂန္တွာ အတ္တနော အာဂတဘာဝံ ဇာနာပေယျာသီတိ အတ္ထော. ဧကော ပဉှောတိ ဧကော ပဉှမဂ္ဂေါ, ဧကံ ပဉှဂဝေသနန္တိ အတ္ထော. ဧကော ဥဒ္ဒေသောတိ ဧကံ နာမ ကိန္တိ? အယံ ဧကော ဥဒ္ဒေသော. ဧကံ ဝေယျာကရဏန္တိ ‘‘သဗ္ဗေ သတ္တာ အာဟာရဋ္ဌိတိကာ’’တိ (ခု. ပါ. ၄.၁; အ. နိ. ၁၀.၂၇) ဣဒံ ဧကံ ဝေယျာကရဏံ. ဧဝံ သဗ္ဗတ္ထ အတ္ထော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော.

Regarding 'looking up' (ulloketvā): having raised his body, pushed out his belly, stretched his neck, and looking towards all directions, he looked up. Regarding 'he might think to obstruct' (bādhetabbaṃ maññeyya): he might think it can be obstructed in such a way that one cannot penetrate and exit, or that it can be bound. Regarding 'with valid reason' (sahadhammikā): with cause. Regarding 'Then you should bring it to me together with the Nigaṇṭha assembly' (atha maṃ paṭihareyyāsi saddhiṃ nigaṇṭhaparisāya): the meaning is, 'When the meaning of these things is known, then you should approach me together with the Nigaṇṭha assembly; having come to my presence, you should make known the fact of your arrival.' Regarding 'one question' (eko pañho): one path of questioning, meaning the search for one question. Regarding 'one formulation' (eko uddeso): 'What is one?' This is one formulation. Regarding 'one explanation' (ekaṃ veyyākaraṇaṃ): 'All beings are sustained by nutriment' (Khp 4; AN 10.27)—this is one explanation. In this way, the meaning should be understood in all instances.

၉. အစေလကဿပသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

9. Commentary on the Acelakassapa Sutta

၃၅၁. နဝမေ [Pg.139] ကီဝစိရံ ပဗ္ဗဇိတဿာတိ ကီဝစိရော ကာလော ပဗ္ဗဇိတဿာတိ အတ္ထော. ဥတ္တရိ မနုဿဓမ္မာတိ မနုဿဓမ္မော နာမ ဒသကုသလကမ္မပထာ, တတော မနုဿဓမ္မတော ဥတ္တရိ. အလမရိယဉာဏဒဿနဝိသေသောတိ အရိယဘာဝံ ကာတုံ သမတ္ထတာယ အလမရိယောတိ သင်္ခါတော ဉာဏဒဿနဝိသေသော. နဂ္ဂေယျာတိ နဂ္ဂဘာဝတော. မုဏ္ဍေယျာတိ မုဏ္ဍဘာဝတော. ပဝါဠနိပ္ဖောဋနာယာတိ ပါဝဠနိပ္ဖောဋနတော, ဘူမိယံ နိသီဒန္တဿ အာနိသဒဋ္ဌာနေ လဂ္ဂါနံ ပံသုရဇဝါလိကာနံ ဖောဋနတ္ထံ ဂဟိတမောရပိဉ္ဆမတ္တတောတိ အတ္ထော.

351. In the ninth discourse, regarding 'How long has one been ordained?' (kīvaciraṃ pabbajitassa), the meaning is 'how long is the time for one who has been ordained?' Regarding 'beyond human qualities' (uttari manussadhamma): the human dhamma is the ten wholesome courses of action; this is what is beyond those human dhammas. Regarding 'a special knowledge and vision sufficient for nobility' (alamariyañāṇadassanaviseso): a special knowledge and vision designated as 'alamariya' (sufficient for nobility) because of its ability to bring about the state of a noble one. Regarding 'by nakedness' (naggeyya): from the state of being unclothed. Regarding 'by being shaven-headed' (muṇḍeyya): from the state of being shaven-headed. Regarding 'by shaking off a cloak' (pāvaḷanipphoṭanāya): from shaking off a cloak; the meaning is: merely from the peacock-feather whisk taken for the purpose of striking off the soil, dust, and sand adhering to the buttocks of one sitting on the ground.

၁၀. ဂိလာနဒဿနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

10. Commentary on the Discourse on Visiting the Sick

၃၅၂. ဒသမေ အာရာမဒေဝတာတိ ပုပ္ဖာရာမဖလာရာမေသု အဓိဝတ္ထာ ဒေဝတာ. ဝနဒေဝတာတိ ဝနသဏ္ဍေသု အဓိဝတ္ထာ ဒေဝတာ. ရုက္ခဒေဝတာတိ မတ္တရာဇကာလေ ဝေဿဝဏော စ ဒေဝတာတိ ဧဝံ တေသု တေသု ရုက္ခေသု အဓိဝတ္ထာ ဒေဝတာ. ဩသဓိတိဏဝနပ္ပတီသူတိ ဟရီတကာမလကီအာဒီသု မုဉ္ဇပဗ္ဗဇာဒီသု ဝနဇေဋ္ဌရုက္ခေသု စ အဓိဝတ္ထာ ဒေဝတာ. သံဂမ္မာတိ သန္နိပတိတွာ. သမာဂမ္မာတိ တတော တတော သမာဂန္တွာ. ပဏိဓေဟီတိ ပတ္ထနာဝသေန ဌပေဟိ. ဣဇ္ဈိဿတိ သီလဝတော စေတောပဏိဓီတိ သမိဇ္ဈိဿတိ သီလဝန္တဿ စိတ္တပတ္ထနာ. ဓမ္မိကောတိ ဒသကုသလဓမ္မသမန္နာဂတော အဂတိဂမနရဟိတော. ဓမ္မရာဇာတိ တဿေဝ ဝေဝစနံ, ဓမ္မေန ဝါ လဒ္ဓရဇ္ဇတ္တာ ဓမ္မရာဇာ. တသ္မာတိ ‘‘ယသ္မာ တေန ဟိ, အယျပုတ္တ, အမှေပိ ဩဝဒါဟီ’’တိ ဝဒထ, တသ္မာ. အပ္ပဋိဝိဘတ္တန္တိ ‘‘ဣဒံ ဘိက္ခူနံ ဒဿာမ, ဣဒံ အတ္တနာ ဘုဉ္ဇိဿာမာ’’တိ ဧဝံ အဝိဘတ္တံ ဘိက္ခူဟိ သဒ္ဓိံ သာဓာရဏမေဝ ဘဝိဿတီတိ.

352. In the tenth discourse, regarding `ārāmadevatā` (deities of the park): deities who preside over flower parks and fruit parks. Regarding `vanadevatā` (deities of the forest): deities who preside over forest thickets. Regarding `rukkhadevatā` (tree deities): deities who preside over various trees, such as the spirit-king Matta, the palm-tree spirit, and the deity Vessavaṇa. Regarding `osadhitiṇavanappatīsu` (in medicinal herbs, grass, and forest trees): deities who preside over medicinal plants like myrobalan and emblic myrobalan, in grasses like muñja and pabbaja, and in great forest trees. Regarding `saṃgamma` (having come together): having assembled. Regarding `samāgamma` (having gathered): having come together from various places. Regarding `paṇidehi` (make a resolution): establish the mind by way of aspiration. Regarding `ijjhissati sīlavato cetopaṇidhi` (the mental resolution of a virtuous one will succeed): the mental aspiration of a virtuous person will be fulfilled. Regarding `dhammika` (righteous): endowed with the ten wholesome dhammas and free from following the four wrong courses. Regarding `dhammarājā` (righteous king): it is a synonym for that very word; or, because of having obtained kingship righteously, he is a righteous king. Regarding `tasmā` (therefore): it is because you say, 'Therefore, venerable sir, advise us too.' Regarding `appaṭivibhatta` (undivided): it means it will be undivided, shared in common with the monks, not divided thus: 'This we will give to the monks, this we will consume ourselves.'

စိတ္တသံယုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Connected Discourses with Citta is concluded.

၈. ဂါမဏိသံယုတ္တံ

8. The Connected Discourses with Headmen

၁. စဏ္ဍသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

1. Commentary on the Caṇḍa Discourse

၃၅၃. ဂါမဏိသံယုတ္တဿ [Pg.140] ပဌမေ စဏ္ဍော ဂါမဏီတိ ဓမ္မသင်္ဂါဟကတ္ထေရေဟိ စဏ္ဍောတိ ဂဟိတနာမော ဧကော ဂါမဏိ. ပါတုကရောတီတိ ဘဏ္ဍန္တံ ပဋိဘဏ္ဍန္တော အက္ကောသန္တံ ပစ္စက္ကောသန္တော ပဟရန္တံ ပဋိပဟရန္တော ပါကဋံ ကရောတီတိ ဒဿေတိ. န ပါတုကရောတီတိ အက္ကုဋ္ဌောပိ ပဟဋောပိ ကိဉ္စိ ပစ္စနီကံ အကရောန္တောတိ ဒဿေတိ.

353. In the first discourse of the Connected Discourses with Headmen, regarding `Caṇḍa the headman` (caṇḍo gāmaṇi): a certain headman who was given the name 'Caṇḍa' by the elder monks, the compilers of the Dhamma. Regarding `He makes manifest` (pātukaroti): it shows that he makes it evident by quarreling back at one who quarrels, reviling in return one who reviles, and striking back at one who strikes. Regarding `He does not make manifest` (na pātukaroti): it shows that even when reviled or struck, he does not do anything in opposition.

၂. တာလပုဋသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

2. Commentary on the Tālapuṭa Discourse

၃၅၄. ဒုတိယေ တာလပုဋောတိ ဧဝံနာမကော. တဿ ကိရ ဗန္ဓနာ ပမုတ္တတာလပက္ကဝဏ္ဏော ဝိယ မုခဝဏ္ဏော ဝိပ္ပသန္နော အဟောသိ, တေနဿ တာလပုဋောတိ နာမံ အကံသု. သွာယံ အဘိနီဟာရသမ္ပန္နော ပစ္ဆိမဘဝိကပုဂ္ဂလော. ယသ္မာ ပန ပဋိသန္ဓိ နာမ အနိယတာ အာကာသေ ခိတ္တဒဏ္ဍသဒိသာ, တသ္မာ ဧသ နဋကုလေ နိဗ္ဗတ္တိ. ဝုဍ္ဎိပ္ပတ္တော ပန နဋသိပ္ပေ အဂ္ဂေါ ဟုတွာ သကလဇမ္ဗုဒီပေ ပါကဋော ဇာတော. တဿ ပဉ္စ သကဋသတာနိ ပဉ္စ မာတုဂါမသတာနိ ပရိဝါရော, ဘရိယာယပိဿ တာဝတကာဝါတိ မာတုဂါမသဟဿေန စေဝ သကဋသဟဿေန စ သဒ္ဓိံ ယံ ယံ နဂရံ ဝါ နိဂမံ ဝါ ပဝိသတိ, တတ္ထဿ ပုရေတရမေဝ သတသဟဿံ ဒေန္တိ. သမဇ္ဇဝေသံ ဂဏှိတွာ ပန မာတုဂါမသဟဿေန သဒ္ဓိံ ကီဠံ ကရောန္တဿ ယံ ဟတ္ထူပဂပါဒူပဂါဒိအာဘရဏဇာတံ ခိပန္တိ, တဿ ပရိယန္တော နတ္ထိ. သော တံဒိဝသံ မာတုဂါမသဟဿပရိဝါရိတော ရာဇဂဟေ ကီဠံ ကတွာ ပရိပက္ကဉာဏတ္တာ သပရိဝါရောဝ ယေန ဘဂဝါ တေနုပသင်္ကမိ.

354. In the second discourse, regarding `Tālapuṭa`: one so named. It is said that his facial complexion was exceptionally clear, like the color of a ripe palm fruit freed from its stalk; therefore, they gave him the name Tālapuṭa. He was a person whose aspiration was fulfilled, one in his final existence. However, because rebirth-linking is not fixed, like a stick thrown into the air, he was reborn into a family of dancers. Having reached maturity, he became foremost in the art of dancing and became famous throughout all of Jambudīpa. His retinue consisted of five hundred carts and five hundred women, and his wife also had a retinue of that same size. Thus, together with a thousand women and a thousand carts, whatever city or town he entered, they gave him a hundred thousand in advance. Furthermore, when he took on the guise of a festival performer and performed with the thousand women, there was no limit to the kinds of ornaments, such as bracelets and anklets, that were thrown to him. On that day, having performed in Rājagaha surrounded by a retinue of a thousand women, because his wisdom was mature, he approached the Blessed One together with his retinue.

သစ္စာလိကေနာတိ သစ္စေန စ အလိကေန စ. တိဋ္ဌတေတန္တိ တိဋ္ဌတု ဧတံ. ရဇနီယာတိ ရာဂပ္ပစ္စယာ မုခတော ပဉ္စဝဏ္ဏသုတ္တနီဟရဏဝါတဝုဋ္ဌိဒဿနာဒယော အညေ စ ကာမဿာဒသံယုတ္တာကာရဒဿနကာ အဘိနယာ. ဘိယျောသောမတ္တာယာတိ အဓိကပ္ပမာဏတ္တာယ. ဒေါသနီယာတိ ဒေါသပ္ပစ္စယာ ဟတ္ထပါဒစ္ဆေဒါဒိဒဿနာကာရာ. မောဟနီယာတိ မောဟပ္ပစ္စယာ ဥဒကံ ဂဟေတွာ တေလကရဏံ, တေလံ ဂဟေတွာ ဥဒကကရဏန္တိ ဧဝမာဒယော မာယာပဘေဒါ.

Regarding `saccālikena` (by truth and falsehood): by truth and by falsehood. Regarding `tiṭṭhatetaṃ` (let that stand): let this stand. Regarding `rajanīya` (arousing lust): these are performances that are a condition for lust, such as displaying the pulling of five-colored thread from the mouth, showing a storm and rain arising, and other acts that show things connected with the enjoyment of sensual pleasure. Regarding `bhiyyosomattāya` (for the sake of exceeding measure): for the sake of an excessive amount. Regarding `dosanīya` (arousing hatred): these are acts that are a condition for hatred, such as showing the cutting off of hands and feet. Regarding `mohanīya` (arousing delusion): these are various kinds of illusions that are a condition for delusion, such as taking water and making it into oil, or taking oil and making it into water, and so on.

ပဟာသော [Pg.141] နာမ နိရယောတိ ဝိသုံ ပဟာသနာမကော နိရယော နာမ နတ္ထိ, အဝီစိဿေဝ ပန ဧကသ္မိံ ကောဋ္ဌာသေ နစ္စန္တာ ဝိယ ဂါယန္တာ ဝိယ စ နဋဝေသံ ဂဟေတွာဝ ပစ္စန္တိ, တံ သန္ဓာယေတံ ဝုတ္တံ. နာဟံ, ဘန္တေ, ဧတံ ရောဒါမီတိ အဟံ, ဘန္တေ, ဧတံ ဘဂဝတော ဗျာကရဏံ န ရောဒါမီတိ ဧဝံ သကမ္မကဝသေနေတ္ထ အတ္ထော ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော, န အဿုဝိမောစနမတ္တေန. ‘‘မတံ ဝါ အမ္မရောဒန္တီ’’တိအာဒယော စေတ္ထ အညေပိ ဝေါဟာရာ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗာ.

Regarding `Pahāso nāma nirayo` (the hell named Laughter): there is no separate hell named Pahāsa. Rather, in one section of the great Avīci hell itself, they are tormented as if dancing and as if singing, having taken on the guise of a dancer. This was said in reference to that. Regarding `Nāhaṃ, bhante, etaṃ rodāmi` (Venerable sir, I do not weep over this): the meaning should be understood as, 'Venerable sir, I do not bewail this declaration of the Blessed One.' Thus, the meaning here should be understood in the transitive sense, not merely in the sense of shedding tears. And here, other usages such as `Mataṃ vā ammarodantī` (They weep for the dead, mother) should also be understood.

၃-၅. ယောဓာဇီဝသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

3-5. Commentary on the Yodhājīva Sutta and others

၃၅၅-၃၅၇. တတိယေ ယောဓာဇီဝေါတိ ယုဒ္ဓေန ဇီဝိကံ ကပ္ပနကော ဓမ္မသင်္ဂါဟကတ္ထေရေဟိ ဧဝံ ဂဟိတနာမော. ဥဿဟတိ ဝါယမတီတိ ဥဿာဟံ ဝါယာမံ ကရောတိ. ပရိယာပါဒေန္တီတိ မရဏံ ပဋိပဇ္ဇာပေန္တိ. ဒုက္ကဋန္တိ ဒုဋ္ဌု ကတံ. ဒုပ္ပဏိဟိတန္တိ ဒုဋ္ဌု ဌပိတံ. ပရဇိတော နာမ နိရယောတိ အယမ္ပိ န ဝိသုံ ဧကော နိရယော, အဝီစိဿေဝ ပန ဧကသ္မိံ ကောဋ္ဌာသေ ပဉ္စာဝုဓသန္နဒ္ဓါ ဖလကဟတ္ထာ ဟတ္ထိအဿရထေ အာရုယှ သင်္ဂါမေ ယုဇ္ဈန္တာ ဝိယ ပစ္စန္တိ, တံ သန္ဓာယေတံ ဝုတ္တံ. စတုတ္ထပဉ္စမေသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော.

In the third discourse, regarding `yodhājīvo` (one who lives by fighting): one who earns a living by warfare, so named by the elders who compiled the Dhamma. Regarding 'He strives, he exerts' (ussahati vāyamati): he makes an effort and an exertion. Regarding 'They cause to perish' (pariyāpāpenti): they cause to undergo death. Regarding 'Wrongly done' (dukkaṭa): badly done. Regarding 'Wrongly directed' (duppaṇihita): badly established. Regarding 'the hell named 'Defeated'' (parajito nāma nirayo): this also is not a separate hell, but in one compartment of Avīci hell, they are tormented as if armed with five weapons, holding shields, mounted on elephants, horses, or chariots, and fighting in battle. It was said in reference to this. In the fourth and fifth discourses also, this is the same method.

၆. အသိဗန္ဓကပုတ္တသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

6. Commentary on the Asibandhakaputta Sutta

၃၅၈. ဆဋ္ဌေ ပစ္ဆာဘူမကာတိ ပစ္ဆာဘူမိဝါသိနော. ကာမဏ္ဍလုကာတိ သကမဏ္ဍလုနော. သေဝါလမာလိကာတိ ပါတောဝ ဥဒကတော သေဝါလဉ္စေဝ ဥပ္ပလာဒီနိ စ ဂဟေတွာ ဥဒကသုဒ္ဓိကဘာဝဇာနနတ္ထာယ မာလံ ကတွာ ပိဠန္ဓနကာ. ဥဒကောရောဟကာတိ သာယံပါတံ ဥဒကံ ဩရောဟနကာ. ဥယျာပေန္တီတိ ဥပရိ ယာပေန္တိ. သညာပေန္တီတိ သမ္မာ ဉာပေန္တိ. သဂ္ဂံ နာမ ဩက္ကာမေန္တီတိ ပရိဝါရေတွာ ဌိတာ ‘‘ဂစ္ဆ, ဘော, ဗြဟ္မလောကံ, ဂစ္ဆ, ဘော, ဗြဟ္မလောက’’န္တိ ဝဒန္တာ သဂ္ဂံ ပဝေသေန္တိ. အနုပရိသက္ကေယျာတိ အနုပရိဂစ္ဆေယျ. ဥမ္မုဇ္ဇာတိ ဥမ္မုဇ္ဇ ဥဋ္ဌဟ. ထလမုပ္လဝါတိ ထလမဘိရုဟ. တတြ ယာဿာတိ တတြ ယာ ဘဝေယျ. သက္ခရာ ဝါ ကဌလာ ဝါတိ သက္ခရာ စ ကဌလာ စ. သာ အဓောဂါမီ အဿာတိ သာ အဓော ဂစ္ဆေယျ, ဟေဋ္ဌာဂါမီ ဘဝေယျ. အဓောဂစ္ဆာတိ ဟေဋ္ဌာ ဂစ္ဆ.

358. In the sixth sutta, 'those of the western land': inhabitants of the western region. 'Water-pot carriers': those with their own water pots. 'Wearers of seaweed garlands': those who, in the morning, gather seaweed, lotuses, and so on from the water, make them into garlands, and wear them for the purpose of knowing the state of their purity through water. 'Those who descend into the water': those who descend into the water in the evening and morning. 'They send up': they cause them to go upwards. 'They make known': they make known correctly. 'They cause them to enter heaven': surrounding them, they say, 'Go, good sir, to the Brahma-world! Go, good sir, to the Brahma-world!' and thus cause them to enter heaven. 'Should go around': should go around repeatedly. 'Emerge': emerge and rise up. 'Float to the shore': ascend to dry land. 'Whatever might be there': whatever would be there. 'Gravel or a potsherd': gravel and a potsherd. 'It would go downward': it would go down, it would be going below. 'Go downward': go below.

၇. ခေတ္တူပမသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

7. Commentary on the Khettūpama Sutta

၃၅၉. သတ္တမေ [Pg.142] ဇင်္ဂလန္တိ ထဒ္ဓံ န မုဒု. ဦသရန္တိ သဉ္ဇာတလောဏံ. ပါပဘူမီတိ လာမကဘူမိဘာဂံ. မံဒီပါတိအာဒီသု အဟံ ဒီပေါ ပတိဋ္ဌာ ဧတေသန္တိ မံဒီပါ. အဟံ လေဏော အလ္လီယနဋ္ဌာနံ ဧတေသန္တိ မံလေဏာ. အဟံ တာဏံ ရက္ခာ ဧတေသန္တိ မံတာဏာ. အဟံ သရဏံ ဘယနာသနံ ဧတေသန္တိ မံသရဏာ. ဝိဟရန္တီတိ မံ ဧဝံ ကတွာ ဝိဟရန္တိ.

359. In the seventh sutta, 'a wilderness' (jaṅgalaṃ) means hard, not soft. 'Saline' (ūsaraṃ) means where salt has formed. 'Bad land' (pāpabhūmi) means an inferior portion of land. In phrases such as maṃdīpā ('those for whom I am an island'), the meaning is: 'I am an island (dīpo), a support (patiṭṭhā), for them (etesaṃ)', thus they are maṃdīpā. 'I am a cave (leṇo), a place of shelter (allīyanaṭṭhānaṃ), for them', thus they are maṃleṇā. 'I am a protection (tāṇaṃ), a guard (rakkhā), for them', thus they are maṃtāṇā. 'I am a refuge (saraṇaṃ), a destroyer of fear (bhayanāsanaṃ), for them', thus they are maṃsaraṇā. 'They dwell' (viharanti) means having made me thus, they dwell.

ဂေါဘတ္တမ္ပီတိ ဓညဖလဿ အဘာဝေန လာယိတွာ ကလာပကလာပံ ဗန္ဓိတွာ ဌပိတံ ဂိမှကာလေ ဂုန္နမ္ပိ ခါဒနံ ဘဝိဿတီတိ အတ္ထော. ဥဒကမဏိကောတိ ကုစ္ဆိယံ မဏိကမေခလာယ ဧဝံ လဒ္ဓနာမော ဘာဇနဝိသေသော. အဟာရီ အပရိဟာရီတိ ဥဒကံ န ဟရတိ န ပရိဟရတိ, န ပရိယာဒိယတီတိ အတ္ထော. ဣတိ ဣမသ္မိံ သုတ္တေ သက္ကစ္စဓမ္မဒေသနာဝ ကထိတာ. ဗုဒ္ဓါနဉှိ အသက္ကစ္စဓမ္မဒေသနာ နာမ နတ္ထိ. သီဟသမာနဝုတ္တိနော ဟိ ဗုဒ္ဓါ, ယထာ သီဟော ပဘိန္နဝရဝါရဏဿပိ သသဗိဠာရာဒီနမ္ပိ ဂဟဏတ္ထာယ ဧကသဒိသမေဝ ဝေဂံ ကရောတိ, ဧဝံ ဗုဒ္ဓါပိ ဧကဿ ဒေသေန္တာပိ ဒွိန္နံ ဗဟူနံ ဘိက္ခုပရိသာယ ဘိက္ခုနိဥပါသကဥပါသိကာပရိသာယပိ တိတ္ထိယာနမ္ပိ ဒေသေန္တာ သက္ကစ္စမေဝ ဒေသေန္တိ. စတဿော ပန ပရိသာ သဒ္ဒဟိတွာ ဩကပ္ပေတွာ သုဏန္တီတိ တာသံ ဒေသနာ သက္ကစ္စဒေသနာ နာမ ဇာတာ.

'Cattle fodder' (gobhattaṃ) means that, due to the absence of grain, having been reaped and tied up in bundles, it is stored with the thought that it will be food even for cattle in the hot season. 'A water pot' (udakamaṇiko) is a particular kind of vessel so named because of a jeweled girdle on its belly. 'Not taking away, not being taken from' (ahārī aparihārī) means it does not carry water away, is not diminished, and is not exhausted. Thus, in this sutta, the respectful teaching of the Dhamma is spoken of. For the Buddhas, there is no such thing as a disrespectful teaching of the Dhamma. The Buddhas have conduct like that of a lion. Just as a lion exerts the same force for seizing a great, noble elephant in rut as for small creatures like rabbits and cats, so too the Buddhas, when teaching one, two, many, an assembly of monks, nuns, laymen, laywomen, or even sectarians, teach with respect. However, because the four assemblies listen with faith and conviction, the teaching to them is called a 'respectful teaching' (sakkaccadesanā).

၈. သင်္ခဓမသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

8. Commentary on the Saṅkhadhama Sutta

၃၆၀. အဋ္ဌမေ ယံဗဟုလံ ယံဗဟုလန္တိ ဣမိနာ နိဂဏ္ဌော အတ္တနာဝ အတ္တနော ဝါဒံ ဘိန္ဒတိ. တသ္မာ ဘဂဝါ ဧဝံ သန္တေ န ကောစိ အာပါယိကောတိအာဒိမာဟ. ပုရိမာနိ ပန စတ္တာရိ ပဒါနိ ဒိဋ္ဌိယာ ပစ္စယာ ဟောန္တိ. တသ္မာ တေသုပိ အာဒီနဝံ ဒဿေန္တော ဣဓ, ဂါမဏိ, ဧကစ္စော သတ္ထာ ဧဝံဝါဒီ ဟောတီတိအာဒိမာဟ. တတ္ထ အဟမ္ပမှီတိ အဟမ္ပိ အမှိ.

360. In the eighth sutta, by this text, “whatever is abundant, whatever is abundant,” the Nigaṇṭha himself breaks his own doctrine. Therefore, the Blessed One said, “This being so, no one is bound for a state of loss,” and so on. However, the previous four terms are conditions for wrong view. Therefore, showing the disadvantage in them too, he said, “Here, headman, a certain teacher is one who speaks thus,” and so on. Therein, ahampamhi is to be parsed as ahampi amhi.

မေတ္တာသဟဂတေနာတိအာဒီသု ယံ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗံ, တံ သဗ္ဗံ သဒ္ဓိံ ဘာဝနာနယေန ဝိသုဒ္ဓိမဂ္ဂေ ဝုတ္တမေဝ. သေယျထာပိ, ဂါမဏိ, ဗလဝါ သင်္ခဓမောတိအာဒိ ပန ဣဓ အပုဗ္ဗံ. တတ္ထ ဗလဝါတိ ဗလသမ္ပန္နော. သင်္ခဓမောတိ သင်္ခဓမကော. အပ္ပကသိရေနာတိ အကိစ္ဆေန အဒုက္ခေန. ဒုဗ္ဗလော ဟိ သင်္ခဓမော သင်္ခံ ဓမန္တောပိ [Pg.143] န သက္ကောတိ စတဿော ဒိသာ သရေန ဝိညာပေတုံ, နာဿ သင်္ခသဒ္ဒေါ သဗ္ဗတော ဖရတိ, ဗလဝတော ပန ဝိပ္ဖာရိကော ဟောတိ, တသ္မာ ‘‘ဗလဝါ’’တိ အာဟ.

Regarding the passages beginning with 'accompanied by loving-kindness,' whatever should be said has all been stated in the Visuddhimagga along with the method of cultivation. However, the passage beginning, “Just as, headman, a strong conch-blower,” is new here. Therein, 'strong' means endowed with strength. 'Conch-blower' means a skilled conch-blower. 'With little effort' means without trouble, without difficulty. For a weak conch-blower, even while blowing the conch, is not able to make it known in the four directions by its sound, nor does his conch-sound pervade everywhere; but for a strong one, it is far-reaching. Therefore, he said, 'strong'.

မေတ္တာယ စေတောဝိမုတ္တိယာတိ ဧတ္ထ ‘‘မေတ္တာ’’တိ ဝုတ္တေ ဥပစာရောပိ အပ္ပနာပိ ဝဋ္ဋတိ, ‘‘စေတောဝိမုတ္တီ’’တိ ဝုတ္တေ ပန အပ္ပနာဝ ဝဋ္ဋတိ. ယံ ပမာဏကတံ ကမ္မန္တိ ပမာဏကတံ ကမ္မံ နာမ ကာမာဝစရံ ဝုစ္စတိ, အပ္ပမာဏကတံ ကမ္မံ နာမ ရူပါဝစရံ. တဉှိ ပမာဏံ အတိက္ကမိတွာ ဩဓိသကအနောဓိသကဒိသာဖရဏဝသေန ဝဍ္ဎေတွာ ကတတ္တာ အပ္ပမာဏကတန္တိ ဝုစ္စတိ.

Herein, regarding 'the liberation of mind through loving-kindness' (mettāya cetovimuttiyā): when 'loving-kindness' (mettā) is said, both access and absorption are admissible; but when 'liberation of mind' (cetovimutti) is said, only absorption is admissible. Regarding 'whatever kamma is measured' (yaṃ pamāṇakataṃ kammaṃ), 'measured kamma' refers to sense-sphere kamma; 'unmeasured kamma' refers to form-sphere and formless-sphere kamma. For that latter kamma is called 'unmeasured' because it is performed by developing it, having transcended measure, by way of pervading the directions specifically and unspecifically.

န တံ တတြာဝသိဿတိ, န တံ တတြာဝတိဋ္ဌတီတိ တံ ကာမာဝစရကမ္မံ တသ္မိံ ရူပါရူပါဝစရကမ္မေ န ဩဟီယတိ န တိဋ္ဌတိ. ကိံ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ? တံ ကာမာဝစရကမ္မံ တဿ ရူပါရူပါဝစရကမ္မဿ အန္တရာ လဂ္ဂိတုံ ဝါ ဌာတုံ ဝါ ရူပါရူပါဝစရကမ္မံ ဖရိတွာ ပရိယာဒိယိတွာ အတ္တနော ဩကာသံ ဂဟေတွာ ပတိဋ္ဌာတုံ ဝါ န သက္ကောတိ. အထ ခေါ ရူပါရူပါဝစရကမ္မမေဝ ကာမာဝစရံ မဟောဃော ဝိယ ပရိတ္တံ ဥဒကံ ဖရိတွာ ပရိယာဒိယိတွာ အတ္တနော ဩကာသံ ကတွာ တိဋ္ဌတိ, တဿ ဝိပါကံ ပဋိဗာဟိတွာ သယမေဝ ဗြဟ္မသဟဗျတံ ဥပနေတီတိ. ဣတိ ဣဒံ သုတ္တံ အာဒိမှိ ကိလေသဝသေန ဝုဋ္ဌာယ အဝသာနေ ဗြဟ္မဝိဟာရဝသေန ဂဟိတတ္တာ ယထာနုသန္ဓိနာဝ ဂတံ.

‘It is not left behind there, it does not remain there’ means that sense-sphere kamma is not left behind or does not remain within that form-sphere and formless-sphere kamma. What is meant by this? That sense-sphere kamma is not able, in the midst of that form-sphere and formless-sphere kamma, to attach itself or remain; nor is it able, having pervaded and overcome the form-sphere and formless-sphere kamma, to take its own opportunity and establish itself. Rather, the form-sphere and formless-sphere kamma itself—like a great flood pervading and overcoming a small amount of water—makes its own opportunity and remains. Having obstructed the result of the former, it itself leads to companionship with Brahmā. Thus, this sutta, having arisen at the beginning through the power of the defilements and being taken up at the end through the power of the divine abidings, proceeds with its own proper connection.

၉. ကုလသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

9. Commentary on the Kula Sutta

၃၆၁. နဝမေ ဒုဗ္ဘိက္ခာတိ ဒုလ္လဘဘိက္ခာ. ဒွီဟိတိကာတိ ‘‘ဇီဝိဿာမ နု ခေါ န နု ခေါ’’တိ ဧဝံ ပဝတ္တဤဟိတိကာ. ‘‘ဒုဟိတိကာ’’တိပိ ပါဌော. အယမေဝ အတ္ထော. ဒုက္ခာ ဤဟိတိ ဧတ္ထ န သက္ကာ ကောစိ ပယောဂေါ သုခေန ကာတုန္တိ ဒုဟိတိကာ. တတ္ထ တတ္ထ မတမနုဿာနံ ဝိပ္ပကိဏ္ဏာနိ သေတာနိ အဋ္ဌိကာနိ ဧတ္ထာတိ သေတဋ္ဌိကာ. သလာကာဝုတ္တာတိ သလာကမတ္တဝုတ္တာ, ယံ တတ္ထ ဝုတ္တံ ဝါပိတံ, တံ သလာကမတ္တမေဝ အဟောသိ, ဖလေ န ဇနယတီတိ အတ္ထော.

361. In the ninth sutta, 'dubbhikkhā' means 'alms are difficult to obtain'. 'Dvīhitikā' means having a divided mind, thinking, 'Shall we live, or shall we not?' There is also the reading 'duhitikā'; the meaning is the very same. Here, 'duhitikā' means that because there is difficult indecision, no effort can be made with ease. 'Setaṭṭhikā' means that here and there are the scattered white bones of people who have died. 'Salākāvuttā' means that whatever was sown or planted there yielded only stalks without grain; it did not produce fruit. This is the meaning.

ဥဂ္ဂိလိတုန္တိ [Pg.144] ဒွေ အန္တေ မောစေတွာ ကထေတုံ အသက္ကောန္တော ဥဂ္ဂိလိတုံ ဗဟိ နီဟရိတုံ န သက္ခီတိ. ဩဂိလိတုန္တိ ပုစ္ဆာယ ဒေါသံ ဒိသွာ ဟာရေတုံ အသက္ကောန္တော ဩဂိလိတုံ အန္တော ပဝေသေတုံ န သက္ခီတိ.

Regarding 'uggilituṃ': being unable to speak by releasing both ends, he was unable to spit it out, to bring it outside. Regarding 'ogilituṃ': seeing the fault in the question and being unable to dispel it, he was unable to swallow it, to cause it to enter inside.

ဣတော သော ဂါမဏိ ဧကနဝုတိကပ္ပေတိ ဘဂဝါ ကထယမာနောဝ ယာဝ နိက္ခန္တော နာသိကဝါတော န ပုန ပဝိသတိ, တာဝတကေန ကာလေန ဧကနဝုတိကပ္ပေ အနုဿရိ ‘‘အတ္ထိ နု ခေါ ကိဉ္စိ ကုလေ ပက္ကဘိက္ခာဒါနေန ဥပဟတပုဗ္ဗ’’န္တိ ပရိဇာနနတ္ထံ. အထေကမ္ပိ အပဿန္တော ‘‘ဣတော သော, ဂါမဏီ’’တိအာဒိမာဟ. ဣဒါနိ ဒါနာဒီနံ အာနိသံသံ ကထေန္တော အထ ခေါ ယာနိ တာနိ ကုလာနိ အဍ္ဎာနီတိ ဓမ္မဒေသနံ အာရဘိ. တတ္ထ ဒါနသမ္ဘူတာနီတိ ဒါနေန သမ္ဘူတာနိ နိဗ္ဗတ္တာနိ. သေသပဒဒွယေပိ ဧသေဝ နယော. ဧတ္ထ ပန သစ္စံ နာမ သစ္စဝါဒိတာ. သာမညံ နာမ သေသသီလံ. ဝိကိရတီတိ အယောဂေန ဝဠဉ္ဇေန္တော ဝိပ္ပကိရတိ. ဝိဓမတီတိ ဓမေန္တော ဝိယ နာသေတိ. ဝိဒ္ဓံသေတီတိ နာသေတိ. အနိစ္စတာတိ ဟုတွာ အဘာဝေါ ဗဟုနာပိ ကာလေန သင်္ဂတာနံ ခဏေနေဝ အန္တရဓာနံ.

Regarding 'From this, O headman, ninety-one aeons ago...': The Blessed One, while speaking, for as long as an exhaled breath from his nose does not re-enter, recollected back through ninety-one aeons in order to fully understand, 'Has any family ever been ruined by the giving of cooked alms?' And seeing not even one, he spoke the words beginning, 'From this, O headman...' Now, explaining the benefits of giving and so on, he began the Dhamma discourse, 'Then, those families that are wealthy...' There, 'dānasambhūtāni' means 'arisen from giving, produced by giving.' The same method applies to the remaining two terms. Here, 'truth' (sacca) means 'truthfulness' (saccavāditā). 'The state of a recluse' (sāmañña) means 'the remaining morality.' 'Vikirati' means 'he scatters'; using improperly, he squanders. 'Vidhamati' means 'he blows away'; he destroys as if by blowing. 'Viddhaṃseti' means 'he annihilates'; he destroys. 'Impermanence' (aniccatā) is the state of non-existence after having been, and the disappearance in an instant of things accumulated even over a long time.

၁၀. မဏိစူဠကသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

10. Commentary on the Maṇicūḷaka Sutta

၃၆၂. ဒသမေ တံ ပရိသံ ဧတဒဝေါစာတိ တဿ ကိရ ဧဝံ အဟောသိ ‘‘ကုလပုတ္တာ ပဗ္ဗဇန္တာ ပုတ္တဒါရဉ္စေဝ ဇာတရူပရဇတဉ္စ ပဟာယေဝ ပဗ္ဗဇန္တိ, န စ သက္ကာ ယံ ပဟာယ ပဗ္ဗဇိတာ, တံ တေဟိ ဂဟေတု’’န္တိ နယဂ္ဂါဟေ ဌတွာ ‘‘မာ အယျော’’တိအာဒိဝစနံ အဝေါစ. ဧကံသေနေတန္တိ ဧတံ ပဉ္စကာမဂုဏကပ္ပနံ အဿမဏဓမ္မော အသကျပုတ္တိယဓမ္မောတိ ဧကံသေန ဓာရေယျာသိ.

362. In the tenth discourse, regarding 'he said this to that assembly': It seems this thought occurred to him, 'Sons of good family who go forth do so only after abandoning wife and children, and gold and silver; and it is not possible for them to take what they have abandoned to go forth.' Standing firm on this principle, he spoke the words beginning, 'No, venerable sir...' Regarding 'Ekaṃsenetaṃ': You should hold with certainty that this allowing of the five strands of sensual pleasure is not the practice of a recluse and not the practice of a son of the Sakyans.

တိဏန္တိ သေနာသနစ္ဆဒနတိဏံ. ပရိယေသိတဗ္ဗန္တိ တိဏစ္ဆဒနေ ဝါ ဣဋ္ဌကစ္ဆဒနေ ဝါ ဂေဟေ ပလုဇ္ဇန္တေ ယေဟိ တံ ကာရိတံ, တေသံ သန္တိကံ ဂန္တွာ ‘‘တုမှေဟိ ကာရိတသေနာသနံ ဩဝဿတိ, န သက္ကာ တတ္ထ ဝသိတု’’န္တိ အာစိက္ခိတဗ္ဗံ. မနုဿာ သက္ကောန္တာ ကရိဿန္တိ, အသက္ကောန္တာ ‘‘တုမှေ ဝဍ္ဎကိံ ဂဟေတွာ ကာရာပေထ, မယံ တေ သညာပေဿာမာ’’တိ ဝက္ခန္တိ. ဧဝံ ဝုတ္တေ ကာရေတွာ တေသံ အာစိက္ခိတဗ္ဗံ. မနုဿာ ဝဍ္ဎကီနံ ဒါတဗ္ဗံ ဒဿန္တိ. သစေ အာဝါသသာမိကာ နတ္ထိ, အညေသမ္ပိ ဘိက္ခာစာရဝတ္တေန အာရောစေတွာ ကာရေတုံ ဝဋ္ဋတိ. ဣဒံ သန္ဓာယ ‘‘ပရိယေသိတဗ္ဗ’’န္တိ ဝုတ္တံ.

'Tiṇaṃ' means grass for thatching a dwelling. 'Pariyesitabbaṃ' (should be sought) means: if a dwelling with a grass roof or a brick roof is decaying, one should go to those by whom it was built and inform them, 'The dwelling you had built is leaking; it is not possible to live there.' If the people are able, they will repair it. If they are unable, they will say, 'You, sirs, take a carpenter and have it repaired; we will arrange for the payment.' When this has been said, one should have it repaired and inform them. The people will give what is to be given to the carpenters. If there are no owners of the dwelling, it is allowable to have it repaired by informing others as well, in accordance with the practice of the alms-round. With reference to this procedure, it is said, 'should be sought'.

ဒါရုန္တိ [Pg.145] သေနာသနေ ဂေါပါနသိအာဒီသု ပလုဇ္ဇမာနေသု တဒတ္ထာယ ဒါရုံ. သကဋန္တိ ဂိဟိဝိကတံ ကတွာ တာဝကာလိကသကဋံ. န ကေဝလဉ္စ သကဋမေဝ, အညမ္ပိ ဝါသိဖရသုကုဒ္ဒါလာဒိဥပကရဏံ ဧဝံ ပရိယေသိတုံ ဝဋ္ဋတိ. ပုရိသောတိ ဟတ္ထကမ္မဝသေန ပုရိသော ပရိယေသိတဗ္ဗော. ယံကိဉ္စိ ဟိ ပုရိသံ ‘‘ဟတ္ထကမ္မံ, အာဝုသော, ကတွာ ဒဿသီ’’တိ ဝတွာ ‘‘ဒဿာမိ, ဘန္တေ,’’တိ ဝုတ္တေ ‘‘ဣဒဉ္စိဒဉ္စ ကရောဟီ’’တိ ယံ ဣစ္ဆတိ, တံ ကာရေတုံ ဝဋ္ဋတိ. န တွေဝါဟံ, ဂါမဏိ, ကေနစိ ပရိယာယေနာတိ ဇာတရူပရဇတံ ပနာဟံ ကေနစိပိ ကာရဏေန ပရိယေသိတဗ္ဗန္တိ န ဝဒါမိ.

'Dāruṃ' means wood for that purpose, when things like the rafters of a dwelling are decaying. 'Sakaṭaṃ' means a temporary cart, treating it as laypeople's property. And not only a cart, but it is also allowable to seek other implements such as adzes, axes, and hoes in this way. 'Puriso' means a man should be sought for the purpose of manual labor. Indeed, having said to any man, 'Lay supporter, will you offer manual labor?' and when he says, 'I will offer it, venerable sir,' it is allowable to have him do whatever work one wishes by saying, 'Do this and this.' Regarding 'Na tvevāhaṃ, gāmaṇi, kenaci pariyāyena': However, I do not say that gold and silver should be sought for any reason whatsoever.

၁၁. ဘဒြကသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

11. Commentary on the Bhadraka Sutta.

၃၆၃. ဧကာဒသမေ မလ္လေသူတိ ဧဝံနာမကေ ဇနပဒေ. ဝဓေနာတိ မာရဏေန. ဇာနိယာတိ ဓနဇာနိယာ. အကာလိကေန ပတ္တေနာတိ န ကာလန္တရေန ပတ္တေန, ကာလံ အနတိက္ကမိတွာဝ ပတ္တေနာတိ အတ္ထော. စိရဝါသီ နာမ ကုမာရောတိ ဧဝံနာမကော တဿ ပုတ္တော. ဗဟိ အာဝသထေ ပဋိဝသတီတိ ဗဟိနဂရေ ကိဉ္စိဒေဝ သိပ္ပံ ဥဂ္ဂဏှန္တော ဝသတိ. ဣမသ္မိံ သုတ္တေ ဝဋ္ဋဒုက္ခံ ကထိတံ.

363. In the eleventh sutta, 'in the Mallas' (mallesu) means in a country of that name. 'By killing' (vadhena) means by murdering. 'By loss' (jāniyā) means by loss of wealth. 'By timeless attainment' (akālikena pattena) means not by an attainment after a lapse of time, but by an attainment without exceeding the time; this is the meaning. 'A prince named Ciravāsī' means his son of that name. 'He dwells in an outer residence' means he lives outside the city, learning some craft. In this sutta, the suffering of the round of existence is spoken of.

၁၂. ရာသိယသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

12. Commentary on the Rāsiya Sutta.

၃၆၄. ဒွါဒသမေ ရာသိယောတိ ရာသိံ ကတွာ ပဉှဿ ပုစ္ဆိတတ္တာ ရာသိယောတိ ဧဝံ ဓမ္မသင်္ဂါဟကတ္ထေရေဟိ ဂဟိတနာမော. တပဿိန္တိ တပနိဿိတကံ. လူခဇီဝိန္တိ လူခဇီဝိကံ. အန္တာတိ ကောဋ္ဌာသာ. ဂါမောတိ ဂါမ္မော. ဂမ္မောတိပိ ပါဌော, ဂါမဝါသီနံ ဓမ္မောတိ အတ္ထော. အတ္တကိလမထာနုယောဂေါတိ အတ္တနော ကိလမထာနုယောဂေါ, သရီရဒုက္ခကရဏန္တိ အတ္ထော.

364. In the twelfth sutta, 'Rāsiya' (rāsiyo): because the question was asked after making a heap (rāsiṃ katvā), he was thus named 'Rāsiya' by the elders who compiled the Dhamma. 'Ascetic' (tapassī) means one devoted to austerity. 'Living meagerly' (lūkhajīvī) means living a meager life. 'Extremes' (antā) means portions. 'Village' (gāmo) means rustic. There is also a reading 'gammo', meaning the practice of village-dwellers. 'Devotion to self-mortification' (attakilamathānuyogo) means devotion to one's own exhaustion, that is, causing bodily suffering.

ကသ္မာ ပနေတ္ထ ကာမသုခလ္လိကာနုယောဂေါ ဂဟိတော, ကသ္မာ အတ္တကိလမထာနုယောဂေါ, ကသ္မာ မဇ္ဈိမာ ပဋိပဒါတိ? ကာမသုခလ္လိကာနုယောဂေါ တာဝ ကာမဘောဂီနံ ဒဿနတ္ထံ ဂဟိတော, အတ္တကိလမထာနုယောဂေါ တပနိဿိတကာနံ, မဇ္ဈိမာ ပဋိပဒါ တိဏ္ဏံ နိဇ္ဇရဝတ္ထူနံ ဒဿနတ္ထံ ဂဟိတာ. ကိံ ဧတေသံ ဒဿနေ ပယောဇနန္တိ? ဣမေ ဒွေ အန္တေ ပဟာယ တထာဂတော မဇ္ဈိမာယ ပဋိပဒါယ သမ္မာသမ္ဗောဓိံ ပတ္တော. သော ကာမဘောဂိနောပိ န သဗ္ဗေ ဂရဟတိ န ပသံသတိ, တပနိဿိတကေပိ န သဗ္ဗေ ဂရဟတိ န [Pg.146] ပသံသတိ, ဂရဟိတဗ္ဗယုတ္တကေယေဝ ဂရဟတိ, ပသံသိတဗ္ဗယုတ္တကေ ပသံသတီတိ ဣမဿတ္ထဿ ပကာသနံ ဧတေသံ ဒဿနေ ပယောဇနန္တိ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ.

Why, in this context, is indulgence in sensual pleasures taken up, why self-mortification, and why the Middle Way? Indulgence in sensual pleasures is taken up to show those who indulge in sensual pleasures; self-mortification, for those devoted to austerity; and the Middle Way is taken up to show the three bases for wearing away defilements. What is the purpose in showing these? Having abandoned these two extremes, the Tathāgata attained perfect self-enlightenment by the Middle Way. He neither blames nor praises all those who indulge in sensual pleasures, nor all those devoted to austerity; he blames only those who are fit to be blamed and praises those who are fit to be praised. It should be understood that the purpose in showing these is to reveal this meaning.

ဣဒါနိ တမတ္ထံ ပကာသေန္တော တယော ခေါမေ, ဂါမဏိ, ကာမဘောဂိနောတိအာဒိမာဟ. တတ္ထ သာဟသေနာတိ သာဟသိကကမ္မေန. န သံဝိဘဇတီတိ မိတ္တသဟာယသန္ဒိဋ္ဌသမ္ဘတ္တာနံ သံဝိဘာဂံ န ကရောတိ. န ပုညာနိ ကရောတီတိ အနာဂတဘဝဿ ပစ္စယဘူတာနိ ပုညာနိ န ကရောတိ. ဓမ္မာဓမ္မေနာတိ ဓမ္မေန စ အဓမ္မေန စ. ဌာနေဟီတိ ကာရဏေဟိ. သစ္ဆိကရောတီတိ ကထံ အတ္တာနံ အာတာပေန္တော ပရိတာပေန္တော သစ္ဆိကရောတိ? စတုရင်္ဂဝီရိယဝသေန စ ဓုတင်္ဂဝသေန စ. တိဿော သန္ဒိဋ္ဌိကာ နိဇ္ဇရာတိ ဧတ္ထ ဧကောပိ မဂ္ဂေါ တိဏ္ဏံ ကိလေသာနံ နိဇ္ဇရဏတာယ တိဿော နိဇ္ဇရာတိ ဝုတ္တောတိ.

Now, wishing to clarify that meaning, he speaks the words beginning with 'There are these three, village headman, indulgers in sensual pleasures,' and so on. Herein, 'by force' (sāhasena) means by an act of violence. 'Does not share' (na saṃvibhajati) means he does not share with friends, companions, intimates, or associates. 'Does not perform merits' (na puññāni karoti) means he does not perform meritorious deeds that are conditions for a future existence. 'By Dhamma and Adhamma' (dhammādhammena) means by Dhamma and by Adhamma. 'For reasons' (ṭhānehi) means for causes. 'Realizes' (sacchikaroti) means: how can one who is heating and tormenting oneself realize it? One realizes it by means of the fourfold effort and by means of the ascetic practices. Herein, by 'three immediate eradications' (tisso sandiṭṭhikā nijjarā) it is meant that even a single path is called 'three eradications' because it eradicates the three defilements.

၁၃. ပါဋလိယသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

13. The Explanation of the Pāṭaliya Sutta.

၃၆၅. တေရသမေ ဒူတေယျာနီတိ ဒူတကမ္မာနိ ပဏ္ဏာနိ စေဝ မုခသာသနာနိ စ. ပါဏာတိပါတဉ္စာဟန္တိ ဣဒံ ကသ္မာ အာရဒ္ဓံ? န ကေဝလံ အဟံ မာယံ ဇာနာမိ, အညမ္ပိ ဣဒဉ္စိဒဉ္စ ဇာနာမီတိ သဗ္ဗညုဘာဝဒဿနတ္ထံ အာရဒ္ဓံ. သန္တိ ဟိ, ဂါမဏိ, ဧကေ သမဏဗြာဟ္မဏာတိ ဣဒံ သေသသမဏဗြာဟ္မဏာနံ လဒ္ဓိံ ဒဿေတွာ တဿာ ပဇဟာပနတ္ထံ အာရဒ္ဓံ.

365. In the thirteenth sutta, 'duties of a messenger' (dūteyyāni) means the tasks of messengers, both written messages and oral instructions. Regarding 'and I abstain from killing living beings' (pāṇātipātañcāhaṃ)—why was this stated? It was stated to demonstrate the state of omniscience, thus: 'Not only do I know deceit, but I also know this and that.' Regarding 'For, village headman, there are some ascetics and brahmins' (santi hi, gāmaṇi, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā)—this was stated after showing the views of the other ascetics and brahmins, for the purpose of causing them to abandon those views.

မာလီ ကုဏ္ဍလီတိ မာလာယ မာလီ, ကုဏ္ဍလေဟိ ကုဏ္ဍလီ. ဣတ္ထိကာမေဟီတိ ဣတ္ထီဟိ သဒ္ဓိံ ကာမာ ဣတ္ထိကာမာ, တေဟိ ဣတ္ထိကာမေဟိ. အာဝသထာဂါရန္တိ ကုလဃရဿ ဧကသ္မိံ ဌာနေ ဧကေကဿေဝ သုခနိဝါသတ္ထာယ ကတံ ဝါသာဂါရံ. တေနာဟံ ယထာသတ္တိ ယထာဗလံ သံဝိဘဇာမီတိ တဿာဟံ အတ္တနော သတ္တိအနုရူပေန စေဝ ဗလာနုရူပေန စ သံဝိဘာဂံ ကရောမိ. အလန္တိ ယုတ္တံ. ကင်္ခနိယေ ဌာနေတိ ကင်္ခိတဗ္ဗေ ကာရဏေ. စိတ္တသမာဓိန္တိ တသ္မိံ ဓမ္မသမာဓိသ္မိံ ဌိတော တွံ သဟ ဝိပဿနာယ စတုန္နံ မဂ္ဂါနံ ဝသေန စိတ္တသမာဓိံ သစေ ပဋိလဘေယျာသီတိ ဒဿေတိ. အပဏ္ဏကတာယ မယှန္တိ အယံ ပဋိပဒါ မယှံ အပဏ္ဏကတာယ အနပရာဓကတာယ ဧဝ သံဝတ္တတီတိ အတ္ထော. ကဋဂ္ဂါဟောတိ ဇယဂ္ဂါဟော.

By 'garlanded and wearing earrings' (mālī kuṇḍalī) is meant: 'garlanded' (mālī) is one who is garlanded by means of a garland; 'wearing earrings' (kuṇḍalī) is one who wears earrings by means of earrings. By 'sensual pleasures with women' (itthikāmehi) is meant: sensual pleasures together with women are 'sensual pleasures with women' (itthikāmā); by those sensual pleasures with women. By 'guest house' (āvasathāgāraṃ) is meant a dwelling place made in one location of a family home for the comfortable lodging of each individual guest. By 'Thus, I share according to my ability and strength' (tenāhaṃ yathāsatti yathābalaṃ saṃvibhajāmi) is meant: I make a distribution for him according to my own capacity and according to my own power. 'Enough' (alaṃ) means fitting. By 'in a matter for doubt' (kaṅkhaniye ṭhāne) is meant in a cause where one should doubt. By 'concentration of mind' (cittasamādhiṃ), it shows that if you, established in that concentration of Dhamma, were to attain concentration of mind along with insight by means of the four paths. By 'for my certainty' (apaṇṇakatāya mayhaṃ) the meaning is: this practice of mine leads only to my certainty and faultlessness. By 'a winning throw' (kaṭaggāho) is meant 'a winning grasp' (jayaggāho).

အယံ ခေါ, ဂါမဏိ, ဓမ္မသမာဓိ, တတြ စေ တွံ စိတ္တသမာဓိံ ပဋိလဘေယျာသီတိ ဧတ္ထ ဓမ္မသမာဓီတိ ဒသကုသလကမ္မပထဓမ္မာ, စိတ္တသမာဓီတိ သဟ ဝိပဿနာယ [Pg.147] စတ္တာရော မဂ္ဂါ. အထ ဝါ ‘‘ပါမောဇ္ဇံ ဇာယတိ, ပမုဒိတဿ ပီတိ ဇာယတီ’’တိ (အ. နိ. ၅.၂၆) ဧဝံ ဝုတ္တာ ပါမောဇ္ဇပီတိပဿဒ္ဓိသုခသမာဓိသင်္ခါတာ ပဉ္စ ဓမ္မာ ဓမ္မသမာဓိ နာမ, စိတ္တသမာဓိ ပန သဟ ဝိပဿနာယ စတ္တာရော မဂ္ဂါဝ. အထ ဝါ ဒသကုသလကမ္မပထာ စတ္တာရော ဗြဟ္မဝိဟာရာ စာတိ အယံ ဓမ္မသမာဓိ နာမ, တံ ဓမ္မသမာဓိံ ပူရေန္တဿ ဥပ္ပန္နာ စိတ္တေကဂ္ဂတာ စိတ္တသမာဓိ နာမ. ဧဝံ တွံ ဣမံ ကင်္ခါဓမ္မံ ပဇဟေယျာသီတိ ဧဝံ တွံ ဣမသ္မိံ ဝုတ္တပ္ပဘေဒေ ဓမ္မသမာဓိသ္မိံ ဌိတော သစေ ဧဝံ စိတ္တသမာဓိံ ပဋိလဘေယျာသိ, ဧကံသေနေတံ ကင်္ခံ ပဇဟေယျာသီတိ အတ္ထော. သေသံ သဗ္ဗတ္ထ ဝုတ္တနယမေဝါတိ.

In the passage, 'This, village headman, is the concentration of Dhamma; if you were to attain concentration of mind therein' (Ayaṃ kho, gāmaṇi, dhammasamādhi, tatra ce tvaṃ cittasamādhiṃ paṭilabheyyāsi), herein, 'concentration of Dhamma' (dhammasamādhi) means the ten wholesome courses of action; 'concentration of mind' (cittasamādhi) means the four paths together with insight. Alternatively, the five qualities reckoned as joy, rapture, tranquility, happiness, and concentration, as stated thus: 'Joy arises; for one who is joyful, rapture arises' (pāmojjaṃ jāyati, pamuditassa pīti jāyatī), are called 'concentration of Dhamma' (dhammasamādhi), while 'concentration of mind' (cittasamādhi) refers to just the four paths together with insight. Alternatively, the ten wholesome courses of action and the four divine abodes are called 'concentration of Dhamma' (dhammasamādhi); for one fulfilling that concentration of Dhamma, the one-pointedness of mind that arises is called 'concentration of mind' (cittasamādhi). By 'Thus you should abandon this state of doubt' (evaṃ tvaṃ imaṃ kaṅkhādhammaṃ pajaheyyāsi), the meaning is: if you, established in this explained kind of concentration of Dhamma, were to attain concentration of mind in this way, you would undoubtedly abandon that doubt. The rest is as explained everywhere.

ဂါမဏိသံယုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Explanation of the Connected Discourses with Village Headmen is concluded.

၉. အသင်္ခတသံယုတ္တံ

9. The Connected Discourses on the Unconditioned

၁. ပဌမဝဂ္ဂေါ

1. The First Chapter

၁-၁၁. ကာယဂတာသတိသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

1-11. Commentary on the Kāyagatāsati Sutta and so forth.

၃၆၆-၃၇၆. အသင်္ခတသံယုတ္တေ [Pg.148] အသင်္ခတန္တိ အကတံ. ဟိတေသိနာတိ ဟိတံ ဧသန္တေန. အနုကမ္ပကေနာတိ အနုကမ္ပမာနေန. အနုကမ္ပံ ဥပါဒါယာတိ အနုကမ္ပံ စိတ္တေန ပရိဂ္ဂဟေတွာ, ပဋိစ္စာတိပိ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ. ကတံ ဝေါ တံ မယာတိ တံ မယာ ဣမံ အသင်္ခတဉ္စ အသင်္ခတမဂ္ဂဉ္စ ဒေသေန္တေန တုမှာကံ ကတံ. ဧတ္တကမေဝ ဟိ အနုကမ္ပကဿ သတ္ထု ကိစ္စံ, ယဒိဒံ အဝိပရီတဓမ္မဒေသနာ. ဣတော ပရံ ပန ပဋိပတ္တိ နာမ သာဝကာနံ ကိစ္စံ. တေနာဟ ဧတာနိ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, ရုက္ခမူလာနိ…ပေ… အမှာကံ အနုသာသနီတိ ဣမိနာ ရုက္ခမူလသေနာသနံ ဒဿေတိ. သုညာဂါရာနီတိ ဣမိနာ ဇနဝိဝိတ္တံ ဌာနံ. ဥဘယေန စ ယောဂါနုရူပံ သေနာသနံ အာစိက္ခတိ, ဒါယဇ္ဇံ နိယျာတေတိ.

366-376. In the Connected Discourses on the Unconditioned, 'unconditioned' (asaṅkhata) means unmade. 'Seeking what is beneficial' (hitesinā) means by one seeking what is beneficial. 'With compassion' (anukampakenā) means by one who is compassionate. 'Out of compassion' (anukampaṃ upādāya) means having taken it up with a compassionate mind; it is also said to mean 'depending on'. 'That has been done by me for you' (kataṃ vo taṃ mayā)—this means: that task has been done for you by me, who teaches this unconditioned and the path to the unconditioned. For only this much is the duty of a compassionate teacher, namely, teaching the Dhamma without error. Beyond this, the practice is the duty of the disciples. Therefore he said, 'These, monks, are the roots of trees... our instruction'—by this he indicates the dwelling at the foot of a tree. By 'empty dwellings' (suññāgārāni) he indicates a secluded place. And by both, he points out a dwelling suitable for the practice, and bestows the inheritance.

ဈာယထာတိ အာရမ္မဏူပနိဇ္ဈာနေန အဋ္ဌတိံသာရမ္မဏာနိ, လက္ခဏူပနိဇ္ဈာနေန စ အနိစ္စာဒိတော ခန္ဓာယတနာဒီနိ ဥပနိဇ္ဈာယထ, သမထဉ္စ ဝိပဿနဉ္စ ဝဍ္ဎေထာတိ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ. မာ ပမာဒတ္ထာတိ မာ ပမဇ္ဇိတ္ထ. မာ ပစ္ဆာ ဝိပ္ပဋိသာရိနော အဟုဝတ္ထာတိ ယေ ဟိ ပုဗ္ဗေ ဒဟရကာလေ အရောဂကာလေ သတ္တသပ္ပာယာဒိသမ္ပတ္တိကာလေ သတ္ထု သမ္မုခီဘာဝကာလေ စ ယောနိသောမနသိကာရရဟိတာ ရတ္တိန္ဒိဝံ မင်္ကုလဘတ္တံ ဟုတွာ သေယျသုခံ မိဒ္ဓသုခံ အနုဘောန္တာ ပမဇ္ဇန္တိ, တေ ပစ္ဆာ ဇရာကာလေ ရောဂကာလေ မရဏကာလေ ဝိပတ္တိကာလေ သတ္ထု ပရိနိဗ္ဗုတကာလေ စ တံ ပုဗ္ဗေ ပမာဒဝိဟာရံ အနုဿရန္တာ သပ္ပဋိသန္ဓိကာလကိရိယဉ္စ ဘာရိယံ သမ္ပဿမာနာ ဝိပ္ပဋိသာရိနော ဟောန္တိ. တုမှေ ပန တာဒိသာ မာ အဟုဝတ္ထာတိ ဒဿေန္တော အာဟ ‘‘မာ ပစ္ဆာ ဝိပ္ပဋိသာရိနော အဟုဝတ္ထာ’’တိ.

'Meditate!' (jhāyatha): by means of object-contemplation, contemplate the thirty-eight objects; and by means of characteristic-contemplation, contemplate the aggregates, sense bases, and so forth, beginning with impermanence. This is said to mean: develop both serenity and insight. 'Do not be negligent!' (mā pamādattha): do not be heedless. 'Do not later become regretful!' (mā pacchā vippaṭisārino ahuvattha): for those who, in their early years, in times of health, in times of favorable conditions such as the seven suitable things, and in the presence of the Teacher, lack wise attention and, day and night, having become food for bedbugs, indulge in the pleasures of lying down and torpor, and are thus heedless—they later, in old age, sickness, death, misfortune, and after the Teacher’s final Nibbāna, remembering their former heedless way of life and seeing the heavy burden of a death that leads to rebirth, become regretful. But you should not become like that—showing this, he said: 'Do not later become regretful.'

အယံ ဝေါ အမှာကံ အနုသာသနီတိ အယံ အမှာကံ သန္တိကာ ‘‘ဈာယထ မာ ပမာဒတ္ထာ’’တိ တုမှာကံ အနုသာသနီ, ဩဝါဒေါတိ ဝုတ္တံ ဟောတိ.

'This is our instruction to you' (ayaṃ vo amhākaṃ anusāsanī): this instruction from us to you, 'Meditate, do not be negligent!', is our exhortation—this is what is meant.

၂. ဒုတိယဝဂ္ဂေါ

2. The Second Chapter

၁-၃၃. အသင်္ခတသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

1-33. Commentary on the Discourses on the Unconditioned and so forth.

၃၇၇-၄၀၉. ကာယေ [Pg.149] ကာယာနုပဿီတိအာဒီသု ယံ ဝတ္တဗ္ဗံ, တံ ပရတော ဝက္ခာမ.

377-409. Regarding such texts as 'one contemplates the body in the body,' whatever should be said, that we will state later.

အနတန္တိအာဒီသု တဏှာနတိယာ အဘာဝေန အနတံ. စတုန္နံ အာသဝါနံ အဘာဝေန အနာသဝံ. ပရမတ္ထသစ္စတာယ သစ္စံ. ဝဋ္ဋဿ ပရဘာဂဋ္ဌေန ပါရံ. သဏှဋ္ဌေန နိပုဏံ. သုဋ္ဌု ဒုဒ္ဒသတာယ သုဒုဒ္ဒသံ. ဇရာယ အဇရိတတ္တာ အဇဇ္ဇရံ. ထိရဋ္ဌေန ဓုဝံ. အပလုဇ္ဇနတာယ အပလောကိတံ. စက္ခုဝိညာဏေန အပဿိတဗ္ဗတ္တာ အနိဒဿနံ. တဏှာမာနဒိဋ္ဌိပပဉ္စာနံ အဘာဝေန နိပ္ပပဉ္စံ.

In the texts beginning with ‘anataṃ’: Due to the absence of the bending of craving, it is called ‘anataṃ’ (unbent). Due to the absence of the four taints, it is called ‘anāsavaṃ’ (taintless). Because of being the ultimate truth, it is called ‘saccaṃ’ (truth). Because of the meaning of being the further shore of the round of existence, it is called ‘pāraṃ’ (the beyond). Because of the meaning of being subtle, it is called ‘nipuṇaṃ’ (refined). Because of being very difficult to see, it is called ‘sududdasaṃ’ (very hard to see). Because of not being decayed by aging, it is called ‘ajajjaraṃ’ (unaging). Because of the meaning of being stable, it is called ‘dhuvaṃ’ (permanent). Because of not perishing, it is called ‘apalokitaṃ’ (undecaying). Because of not being seeable by eye-consciousness, it is called ‘anidassanaṃ’ (invisible). Due to the absence of the proliferations of craving, conceit, and views, it is called ‘nippapañcaṃ’ (unproliferated).

သန္တဘာဝဋ္ဌေန သန္တံ. မရဏာဘာဝေန အမတံ. ဥတ္တမဋ္ဌေန ပဏီတံ. သဿိရိကဋ္ဌေန သိဝံ. နိရုပဒ္ဒဝတာယ ခေမံ. တဏှာက္ခယဿ ပစ္စယတ္တာ တဏှက္ခယံ.

Because of the meaning of being a peaceful state, it is called ‘santaṃ’ (peaceful). Due to the absence of death, it is called ‘amataṃ’ (deathless). Because of the meaning of being supreme, it is called ‘paṇītaṃ’ (excellent). Because of the meaning of being glorious, it is called ‘sivaṃ’ (auspicious). Because of being free from calamities, it is called ‘khemaṃ’ (secure). Because of being a condition for the destruction of craving, it is called ‘taṇhakkhayaṃ’ (the destruction of craving).

ဝိမှာပနီယဋ္ဌေန အစ္ဆရံ ပဟရိတဗ္ဗယုတ္တကန္တိ အစ္ဆရိယံ. အဘူတမေဝ ဘူတံ အဇာတံ ဟုတွာ အတ္ထီတိ ဝါ အဗ္ဘုတံ. နိဒ္ဒုက္ခတ္တာ အနီတိကံ. နိဒ္ဒုက္ခသဘာဝတ္တာ အနီတိကဓမ္မံ. ဝါနာဘာဝေန နိဗ္ဗာနံ. ဗျာဗဇ္ဈာဘာဝေနေဝ အဗျာဗဇ္ဈံ. ဝိရာဂါဓိဂမဿ ပစ္စယတော ဝိရာဂံ. ပရမတ္ထသုဒ္ဓိတာယ သုဒ္ဓိ. တီဟိ ဘဝေဟိ မုတ္တတာယ မုတ္တိ. ကာမာလယာနံ အဘာဝေန အနာလယံ. ပတိဋ္ဌဋ္ဌေန ဒီပံ. အလ္လီယိတဗ္ဗယုတ္တဋ္ဌေန လေဏံ. တာယနဋ္ဌေန တာဏံ. ဘယသရဏဋ္ဌေန သရဏံ, ဘယနာသနန္တိ အတ္ထော. ပရံ အယနံ ဂတိ ပတိဋ္ဌာတိ ပရာယဏံ. သေသမေတ္ထ ဝုတ္တနယမေဝါတိ.

Because of the meaning of causing astonishment, and because it is fitting to snap the fingers, it is called ‘acchariyaṃ’ (marvelous). Because what had not occurred before has now occurred, it is called ‘abbhutaṃ’ (wondrous). Because of being without suffering, it is called ‘anītikaṃ’ (trouble-free). Because of having a nature free from suffering, it is called ‘anītikadhammaṃ’ (the trouble-free state). Due to the absence of ‘vāna’ (craving), it is called ‘nibbānaṃ’. Due to the absence of anxiety, it is called ‘abyābajjhaṃ’ (unharassed). Because it is a condition for the attainment of dispassion, it is called ‘virāgaṃ’ (dispassion). Because of its ultimate purity, it is called ‘suddhi’ (purity). Because of liberation from the three existences, it is called ‘mutti’ (liberation). Due to the absence of sensual attachments, it is called ‘anālayaṃ’ (unattached). Because of the meaning of being a support, it is called ‘dīpaṃ’ (island). Because of the meaning of being a place to which one resorts, it is called ‘leṇaṃ’ (shelter). Because of the meaning of protecting, it is called ‘tāṇaṃ’ (protection). Because of the meaning of dispelling fear, it is called ‘saraṇaṃ’ (refuge); the meaning is ‘destroyer of fear.’ Because it is the supreme destination, goal, and support, it is called ‘parāyaṇaṃ’ (the ultimate goal). The rest here is just in the manner already stated.

အသင်္ခတသံယုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Connected Discourses on the Unconditioned is concluded.

၁၀. အဗျာကတသံယုတ္တံ

10. The Connected Discourses on the Undeclared

၁. ခေမာသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

1. Commentary on the Khemā Sutta

၄၁၀. အဗျာကတသံယုတ္တဿ [Pg.150] ပဌမေ ခေမာတိ ဂိဟိကာလေ ဗိမ္ဗိသာရဿ ဥပါသိကာ သဒ္ဓါပဗ္ဗဇိတာ မဟာထေရီ ‘‘ဧတဒဂ္ဂံ, ဘိက္ခဝေ, မမ သာဝိကာနံ ဘိက္ခုနီနံ မဟာပညာနံ ယဒိဒံ ခေမာ’’တိ ဧဝံ ဘဂဝတာ မဟာပညတာယ ဧတဒဂ္ဂေ ဌပိတာ. ပဏ္ဍိတာတိ ပဏ္ဍိစ္စေန သမန္နာဂတာ. ဝိယတ္တာတိ ဝေယျတ္တိယေန သမန္နာဂတာ. မေဓာဝိနီတိ မေဓာယ ပညာယ သမန္နာဂတာ. ဗဟုဿုတာတိ ပရိယတ္တိဗာဟုသစ္စေနပိ ပဋိဝေဓဗာဟုသစ္စေနပိ သမန္နာဂတာ.

410. In the first discourse of the Connected Discourses on the Undeclared, regarding Khemā: in her lay life she was a lay follower of King Bimbisāra, and having gone forth out of faith, became a great elder nun. She was placed by the Blessed One in the foremost position for great wisdom with the words: “Monks, among my female disciples who are nuns, Khemā is foremost of those with great wisdom.” ‘Paṇḍitā’ means she was endowed with sagacity. ‘Medhāvinī’ means she was endowed with intelligence and wisdom. ‘Bahussutā’ means she was endowed with great learning in both the scriptures and in penetration.

ဂဏကောတိ အစ္ဆိဒ္ဒကဂဏနာယ ကုသလော. မုဒ္ဒိကောတိ အင်္ဂုလိမုဒ္ဒါယ ဂဏနာယ ကုသလော. သင်္ခါယကောတိ ပိဏ္ဍဂဏနာယ ကုသလော. ဂမ္ဘီရောတိ စတုရာသီတိယောဇနသဟဿဂမ္ဘီရော. အပ္ပမေယျောတိ အာဠှကဂဏနာယ အပ္ပမေယျော. ဒုပ္ပရိယောဂါဟောတိ အာဠှကဂဏနာယ ပမာဏဂဟဏတ္ထံ ဒုရောဂါဟော. ယေန ရူပေန တထာဂတန္တိ ယေန ရူပေန ဒီဃော ရဿော သာမော ဩဒါတောတိ သတ္တသင်္ခါတံ တထာဂတံ ပညပေယျ. တံ ရူပံ တထာဂတဿ ပဟီနန္တိ တံ ဝုတ္တပ္ပကာရရူပံ သမုဒယပ္ပဟာနေန သဗ္ဗညုတထာဂတဿ ပဟီနံ. ရူပသင်္ခါယ ဝိမုတ္တောတိ အာယတိံ ရူပဿ အနုပ္ပတ္တိယာ ရူပါရူပကောဋ္ဌာသေနပိ ဧဝရူပေါ နာမ ဘဝိဿတီတိ ဝေါဟာရဿပိ ပဋိပဿဒ္ဓတ္တာ ရူပပဏ္ဏတ္တိယာပိ ဝိမုတ္တော. ဂမ္ဘီရောတိ အဇ္ဈာသယ ဂမ္ဘီရတာယ စ ဂုဏဂမ္ဘီရတာယ စ ဂမ္ဘီရော. တဿ ဧဝံ ဂုဏဂမ္ဘီရဿ သတော သဗ္ဗညုတထာဂတဿ ယံ ဥပါဒါယ သတ္တသင်္ခါတော တထာဂတောတိ ပညတ္တိ ဟောတိ, တဒဘာဝေန တဿာ ပညတ္တိယာ အဘာဝံ ပဿန္တဿ အယံ သတ္တသင်္ခါတော ဟောတိ တထာဂတော ပရံ မရဏာတိ ဣဒံ ဝစနံ န ဥပေတိ န ယုဇ္ဇတိ, န ဟောတိ တထာဂတော ပရံ မရဏာတိအာဒိဝစနမ္ပိ န ဥပေတိ န ယုဇ္ဇတီတိ အတ္ထော.

‘Gaṇaka’ means one skilled in flawless counting. ‘Muddika’ means one skilled in counting by finger-signs. ‘Saṅkhāyaka’ means one skilled in counting in heaps. ‘Gambhīra’ means profound, as deep as eighty-four thousand yojanas. ‘Appameyya’ means immeasurable, not to be measured by counting with an āḷaka. ‘Duppariyogāha’ means difficult to fathom, difficult to penetrate for the purpose of grasping the measure by counting with an āḷaka. ‘By what form the Tathāgata…’: By whatever form—long, short, dark, or fair—one might designate the Tathāgata, who is designated as a ‘being.’ ‘That form is abandoned for the Tathāgata…’: That form of the kind described has been abandoned by the all-knowing Tathāgata through the abandoning of its arising. ‘Freed from the designation of form’: Due to the non-arising of form in the future, and because even in the division of form and formlessness the convention ‘such a form will be’ has been stilled, one is also freed from the designation of form. ‘Profound’: He is profound due to the profundity of his disposition and the profundity of his qualities. For that all-knowing Tathāgata who is thus profound in qualities, based on which the designation ‘the Tathāgata, designated as a being’ occurs—due to the absence of that basis, for one who sees the absence of that designation, this statement: ‘This one, designated as a being, the Tathāgata, exists after death’ does not fit, is not suitable. And the statement ‘The Tathāgata does not exist after death,’ etc., also does not fit, is not suitable. This is the meaning.

သံသန္ဒိဿတီတိ ဧကံ ဘဝိဿတိ. သမေဿတီတိ နိရန္တရံ ဘဝိဿတိ. န ဝိရောဓယိဿတီတိ န ဝိရုဒ္ဓံ ပဒံ ဘဝိဿတိ. အဂ္ဂပဒသ္မိန္တိ ဒေသနာယ. ဒေသနာ ဟိ ဣဓ အဂ္ဂပဒန္တိ အဓိပ္ပေတာ.

‘Saṃsandissati’ means it will be the same. ‘Samessati’ means it will be without difference. ‘Na virodhayissati’ means there will not be a contradictory phrase. ‘In the foremost term’: in the teaching. For here, the teaching is intended as the ‘foremost term.’

၂. အနုရာဓသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

2. Commentary on the Anurādha Sutta

၄၁၁. ဒုတိယံ [Pg.151] ခန္ဓိယဝဂ္ဂေ ဝိတ္ထာရိတမေဝ, အဗျာကတာဓိကာရတော ပန ဣဓ ဝုတ္တံ.

411. The second sutta has indeed been explained in detail in the Khandhiyavagga; however, due to its being the section on the undeclared, it is stated here.

၃-၈. ပဌမသာရိပုတ္တကောဋ္ဌိကသုတ္တာဒိဝဏ္ဏနာ

3-8. Commentary on the First Sāriputta-Koṭṭhika Sutta and Others

၄၁၂-၄၁၇. တတိယေ ရူပဂတမေတန္တိ ရူပမတ္တမေတံ. ဧတ္ထ ရူပတော အညော ကောစိ သတ္တော နာမ န ဥပလဗ္ဘတိ, ရူပေ ပန သတိ နာမမတ္တံ ဧတံ ဟောတီတိ ဒဿေတိ. ဝေဒနာဂတမေတန္တိအာဒီသုပိ ဧသေဝ နယော. အယံ ခေါ အာဝုသော ဟေတူတိ အယံ ရူပါဒီနိ မုဉ္စိတွာ အနုပလဗ္ဘိယသဘာဝေါ ဟေတု, ယေနေတံ အဗျာကတံ ဘဂဝတာတိ. စတုတ္ထာဒီနိ ဥတ္တာနတ္ထာနေဝ.

In the third sutta, as for the phrase 'this has gone to form,' it means: this Tathāgata is merely form. Here, no being whatsoever other than form is found. When form exists, this term 'Tathāgata' is merely a name; thus it is shown. In 'this has gone to feeling' and so on, this same method applies. As for 'This, friends, is the reason,' it means: this state of being unfindable after having relinquished form and so on is the reason why this was left undeclared by the Blessed One. The fourth sutta and so on have an obvious meaning indeed.

၉. ကုတူဟလသာလာသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

9. Commentary on the Kutūhalasālā Sutta

၄၁၈. နဝမေ ကုတူဟလသာလာယန္တိ ကုတူဟလသာလာ နာမ ပစ္စေကသာလာ နတ္ထိ, ယတ္ထ ပန နာနာတိတ္ထိယာ သမဏဗြာဟ္မဏာ နာနာဝိဓံ ကထံ ပဝတ္တေန္တိ, သာ ဗဟူနံ ‘‘အယံ ကိံ ဝဒတိ, အယံ ကိံ ဝဒတီ’’တိ ကုတူဟလုပ္ပဝတ္တိဋ္ဌာနတော ကုတူဟလသာလာတိ ဝုစ္စတိ. ဒူရမ္ပိ ဂစ္ဆတီတိ ယာဝ အာဘဿရဗြဟ္မလောကာ ဂစ္ဆတိ. ဣမဉ္စ ကာယံ နိက္ခိပတီတိ စုတိစိတ္တေန နိက္ခိပတိ. အနုပပန္နော ဟောတီတိ စုတိက္ခဏေယေဝ ပဋိသန္ဓိစိတ္တဿ အနုပ္ပန္နတ္တာ အနုပပန္နော ဟောတိ.

418. In the ninth sutta, as for 'in the hall of curiosity': there is no separate hall named 'Kutuhalasālā' (Hall of Curiosity). However, a place where various ascetics and brahmins of different doctrines engage in diverse discussions is called a 'Kutuhalasālā' because it is a place where a clamor arises for many people, thinking, 'What is this one saying? What is that one saying?'. As for 'goes far,' it means it goes as far as the Ābhassara Brahma-world. As for 'and casts off this body,' it means he casts it off with the death-consciousness. As for 'he is not reborn,' it means that at the very moment of death, because of the non-arising of the rebirth-linking consciousness, he is not reborn.

၁၀. အာနန္ဒသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

10. Commentary on the Ānanda Sutta

၄၁၉. ဒသမေ တေသမေတံ သဒ္ဓိံ အဘဝိဿာတိ တေသံ လဒ္ဓိယာ သဒ္ဓိံ ဧတံ အဘဝိဿ. အနုလောမံ အဘဝိဿ ဉာဏဿ ဥပ္ပာဒါယ သဗ္ဗေ ဓမ္မာ အနတ္တာတိ ယံ ဧတံ ‘‘သဗ္ဗေ ဓမ္မာ အနတ္တာ’’တိ ဝိပဿနာဉာဏံ ဥပ္ပဇ္ဇတိ, အပိ နု မေ တဿ အနုလောမံ အဘဝိဿာတိ အတ္ထော.

419. In the tenth sutta, as for 'this would have been in accordance with them,' it means: this would have been in accordance with their doctrine. The full passage means: The insight-knowledge that 'all phenomena are not-self' arises; would that other view have been suitable for the arising of that knowledge for me? This is the meaning.

၁၁. သဘိယကစ္စာနသုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ

11. Commentary on the Sabhiya Kaccāna Sutta

၄၂၀. ဧကာဒသမေ [Pg.152] ဧတမေတ္တကေန ဧတ္တကမေဝါတိ အာဝုသော ယဿာပိ ဧတံ ဧတ္တကေန ကာလေန ‘‘ဟေတုမှိ သတိ ရူပီတိအာဒိ ပညာပနာ ဟောတိ, အသတိ န ဟောတီ’’တိ ဗျာကရဏံ ဘဝေယျ, တဿ ဧတ္တကမေဝ ဗဟု. ကော ပန ဝါဒေါ အတိက္ကန္တေတိ အတိက္ကန္တေ ပန အတိမနာပေ ဓမ္မဒေသနာနယေ ဝါဒေါယေဝ ကော, နတ္ထိ ဝါဒေါ, ဆိန္နာ ကထာတိ.

420. In the eleventh sutta, as for the phrase 'with just this much, just this much': Friends, for any person for whom, in just this much time, the explanation, 'When a cause exists, the designation "form," etc., occurs; when it does not exist, it does not occur,' would be possible, for that person, just this much is a great deal. As for 'what further talk when this is surpassed?': in a method of Dhamma teaching that is more excellent and exceedingly pleasing, what is there to be said? There is nothing to be said; the discussion is cut off.

အဗျာကတသံယုတ္တဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Abyākatasaṃyutta is completed.

ဣတိ သာရတ္ထပ္ပကာသိနိယာ သံယုတ္တနိကာယ-အဋ္ဌကထာယ

Thus, in the Sāratthappakāsinī, the commentary on the Saṃyutta Nikāya,

သဠာယတနဝဂ္ဂဝဏ္ဏနာ နိဋ္ဌိတာ.

The Commentary on the Chapter on the Six Sense Bases is completed.